Five (5) grams of potassium iodide (density: 3.

12 g/mL) was dissolved in sufficient amounts of water to produce 250 mL of solution.

Compute for the following:
a. %w/w
b. Mole fraction of the solute (MW KI = 166 g/mol; MW H2O = 18 g/mol)
c. Molarity of the solution
d. Molality of the solution
e. Normality of the solution
Given:
Mass of KI = 5 grams
Density of KI = 3.12 g/mL
Volume of solution = 250 mL
Solution:
a. % w/w
 Looking at the given values, the amount of solution is in volume. Hence, convert the mass of KI into volume of KI using the
Density Formula:

���� ���� �������

Density = ������ ; Volume = ������� ; Mass = ������

���� 5 �����
Volume = ������� = 3.12 �/�� = 1.6026 mL KI
 Then, using the formula, Solution = Solute + Solvent, determine the amount of solvent in unit volume (transposed to have
the formula, solvent = solution – solute)
Solvent = Solution – Solute

Solvent = 250 mL – 1.6026 mL = 248.3974 mL water which is also equivalent to 248.3974 g

water since the density of water is 1g/mL

 Since you have 248.3974 grams as the amount of water in mass, use the formula, Solution = Solute + Solvent, to determine
the amount of the solution in mass
Solution = Solute + Solvent

Solution = 5 grams + 248.3974 grams = 253.3974 grams of solution

 Since you have: (1) mass of solute as 5 grams, and (2) mass of solution as 253.3974 g, use the formula below to
determine %w/w
� � �� ������ 5 ����� �� �
%� = � �� �������� � 100 ; 253.3974 ����� �������� � 100 = 1.9732% �

b. Mole fraction of the solute

 Since you already have the mass of each component, you can directly substitute them using the formula to determine moles:
�� 5 ����� ��
nKI = �� = 166 �����/��� = 0.0301 moles of KI
�� 248.3974 �����
NH2O = �� = 18 �����/���
= 13.7999 moles of H2O

 Direct Substitution:
0.0301 �����
XKI = 0.0301 �����+13.7999 ����� = 0.0022 is the mole fraction of KI

c. Molarity of the solution

��
Formula to be used : M = �� � ���������

 Direct Substitution:
5 �����
M = 166 � � 0.25 � �������� = 0.1205 M
���

Note: 0.25 Lsolution came from the given volume of the solution which is 250 mL

d. Molality of the solution

��
Formula to be used : M = �� � ���������

 Direct Substitution:
5 �����
M = 166 � � 0.2484 ��������� = 0.1213m
���
e. Normality (Solution)
�� � �
Formula to be used : N = �� � ���������

 Direct Substitution: consider that KI has a factor of 1

5 ����� � 1
M = 166 � � 0.25 ��������� = 0.1205 N
���
 UNIT 2: SOLUTIONS

CHAPTER 1: METHODS OF EXPRESSING CONCENTRATIONS

SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. A compounding pharmacist has received a prescription indicating the preparation of a 30-mL volume of 1% (w/v) silver
nitrate solution for the treatment of Ophthalmia Neonatorum. (MW = 170 g/mol, Density of silver nitrate = 4.35 g/mL)
A. What is the mass of silver nitrate in 30 mL solution if it has a concentration of 1% (w/v)?
���� ������� 4.35 �/��
Density = ������ ; Mass = ������
; gAgNO3 = 30 ��
= 0.145 g

B. How many moles (n) are there in the given 1% silver nitrate solution?
C. What is the mole fraction of silver nitrate in the given solution, considering that water is used as the solvent?
NOTE: To solve for the mole fraction (X) of silver nitrate, use this formula below: X = moles of silver nitrate moles of silver nitrate +
moles of water
D. Compute for the molarity of 1% w/v silver nitrate solution.
E. Compute for the molality of 1% w/v silver nitrate solution.

2. An ethanol–water solution is prepared by dissolving 10.00 mL of ethanol (CH3CH2OH, with a density of 0.789 g/mL), in a
sufficient volume of water to produce 100.0 mL of a solution with a density of 0.982 g/mL. Compute for:
A. Volume percent (% v/v)
B. Mass percent (% w/w)
C. Mass/Volume percent (% w/v)
D. The molecular weight of ethanol
E. Number of moles of ethanol
F. Number of moles of water
G. Mole fraction of ethanol
H. Molarity
I. Molality

3. Laboratory ammonia is 14.8 M NH3 (aq) with a density of 0.8980 g/mL. What is the mole fraction of ammonia in this solution?
NOTE: In this problem we note that no volume of solution is stated, suggesting that our calculation can be based on any fixed volume of
our choice. A convenient volume to work with is one liter. We need to determine the number of moles of NH3 and of H2O in one liter of
the solution.

4. 5 grams of potassium hydroxide (Density: 2.12 g/mL) was dissolved in sufficient amounts of water to produce 50 mL of
solution. Compute for the following:
A. %w/v
B. %w/w
C. % v/v
D. Number of moles of potassium hydroxide if MW of the substance is 56 g/mol
E. Mole fraction of potassium hydroxide
F. Milliequivalence of potassium hydroxide
G. Molarity of the solution
H. Molality of the solution
I. Normality of the solution
ANSWERS
Sample problem 1 Sample problem 2 Sample problem 3 Sample problem 4
A. (Answer: 0.3 grams) A. (Answer: 10% v/v) (Answer: 0.292) A. (Answer: 10% w/v)
B. (Answer: 0.0018 moles) B. (Answer: 8.036% w/w) B. (Answer: 9.4982% w/w)
C. (Answer: 0.0011) C. (Answer: 7.89% w/v) C. (Answer: 4.7170% v/v)
D. (Answer: 0.0588 M) D. (Answer: 46 g/mol) D. (Answer: 0.0893 moles)
E. (Answer:0.0590 m) E. (Answer: 0.1715 moles) E. (Answer: 0.0326)
F. (Answer: 5.0172 moles) F. (Answer: 0.056)
G. (Answer: 0.0331) G. (Answer: 1.7857 M)
H. (Answer: 1.7152 M) H. (Answer: 1.8741 m)
 I. (Answer: 1.8993 m) I. (Answer: 1.7857 N)

UNIT 2: SOLUTIONS

CHAPTER 1: METHODS OF EXPRESSING CONCENTRATIONS

TASK 2.1: APPLICATION

INSTRUCTIONS:

1) Answer the following items below.

2) If the item requires problem solving, use manual computation to show your solutions (itemize given values, identify the
unknown, and write the equations to be used before proceeding with the computation). Do not forget to include the units.
Highlight your final answers.
3) Submit scanned/photographed output for your manual computations. Place all scanned or photographed answers in this
template. DO NOT SUBMIT AS SEPARATE DOCUMENTS.
4) Save your answers in WORD or PDF format. Follow the same convention for naming your files:
LEC_U02_Act01_BlockX_FAMILY NAME_FIRST NAME.doc OR
LEC_U02_Act01_BlockX_FAMILY NAME_FIRST NAME.pdf
5) Upload ALL ACTIVITIES in the LINK which your Class Facilitator will provide in your EXCLUSIVE Google Classrooms.

A. Write the formula and Identify the factors of the following:

SUBSTANCE FORMULA FACTOR SUBSTANCE FORMULA FACTOR
Aluminum hydroxide Phosphoric acid
Ammonium sulfate Zinc sulfate
Ferric chloride

B. You are to prepare each of the following 100–mL Test Reagents in the Laboratory with concentrations in: a. Molality
b. Molarity c. Normality (Provide final answers on the blanks)
1. 5% (w/v) Sodium hydroxide solution

Final answer: a. molality: _______________

b. molarity: _______________

c. normality: ______________

Solution:

2. 10% (w/v) Sucrose solution

Final answer: a. molality: _______________

b. molarity: _______________

c. normality: ______________

Solution: