POWER QUALITY ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

Power quality is the ability to supply power efficiently and it also expresses the ability of an equipment to
consume the power being supplied to it. In technical terms, power quality is the measure, study and
enhancement of sinusoidal waveform at rated voltage and frequency.

Ideally, the AC voltage wave is a sine wave without any deformations, spikes and surges. Disturbances comes
directly from the power source & lightning. Other disturbances come from loads; in particular, electronics
equipment which are non-linear loads that produce harmonics, mostly because of their switching power supply.

The objective of this report is to measure, monitor and identify the problems in your electrical system. The
following power quality parameters are discussed in this report:

1. Voltage
2. Current
3. Voltage and Current Harmonics
4. Waveform
5. High Frequency Harmonics/Noise

Test equipment used is PowerSight PS4500 – a power quality analyzer that is ideal for comprehensive power
quality studies, energy audit, load studies and harmonic analysis.

STANDARDS

Philippines Distribution Code 3.2.3 - Voltage Variation

Philippines Distribution Code 3.2.4 - Harmonics
IEEE -519 – 2014 Standard for Harmonics
IEC 61000 – 3-2 – Harmonics Standard
EN55011 – Industrial, scientific and medical equipment. Radio frequency disturbance characteristics

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

1. VOLTAGE
Voltage Variation is the increase or decrease in the amplitude of the voltage with respect to the nominal
value. Voltage varies with switching loads or system failure. Voltage should be near-constant over a
wide range of load switching. Electrical load functions properly great efficiency when it operates at
balanced voltage.

 There is no recorded sag/swell, undervoltage/overvoltage within the 5 days monitoring.

 Voltage variation is within ±10% of the rated voltage.

2. CURRENT
 Current varies since elevators load differ as well. A fully loaded elevator would naturally draw higher current compared
to partially loaded or no load elevator.

3. HARMONIC ANALYSIS
Harmonics is the integral multipliers of the fundamental frequency generated by non-linear loads. It
can cause:
 Overheated transformers, motors and neutral wires
 Low voltage at the load center
 Distorted voltage and current waveforms
VOLTAGE HARMONICS

The voltage THD is well under the industry limit of 5%

CURRENT HARMONICS
 The values show high level of current THD, because of high inrush current during operation of the
elevator.

The average THD value is well over the industry limit of 30%.

4. WAVEFORM
A typical distorted waveform is caused by non-linear load.
 Voltage Waveform

Current Waveform: Distortion caused by non-linear elevator load.

5. HIGH FREQUENCY NOISE

High frequency noise in the kHz range is a growing problem for power distribution system. Recent
studies shows that the higher order frequencies in 3-100kHz can cause:
  Increased heat loss due to skin effect, eddy current loss and hysteresis loss
 Malfunction and erratic behavior of loads
 Generation of voltage and current transients

European standards list that 0.0316V as the limit of high frequency noise.

0.0316V

High frequency noise reading above the 0.0316 V Standard

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS:

 Voltage variation is within the ± 10 % standard limit.

 Voltage THD is within the industry limit of 5%
 Slightly distorted voltage waveform
  Current THD is at 65% well over the industry limit of 30%.
 Completely distorted current waveform
 High frequency noise over the standard limit of 0.0316 V.

PQA INSTALLATION POINT