Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Aksaray: Kapadokya Aksaray'dan Baslar
Aksaray: Kapadokya Aksaray'dan Baslar
AKSARAY
3HULOHUGL\DU×.DSDGRN\D·Q×QSDUoDV×
RODQ$NVDUD\GċGQ\DQ×]×]RUOD\DFDN
NH\LÁLWXULVWLNELUVH\DKDWYDDGHGL\RU
VL]OHUH
,KODUDYDGLVLĈQDQo7XUL]PL<DS×ODU×
<HUDOW×ĉHKLUOHULĈSHN<ROX7X]*|O
+DVDQ'DĊ×$QWLN.HQWOHU7HUPDO
0HUNH]OHUVH\DKDWLQL]LROXċWXUDQ
]HQJLQOLNOHUGHQVDGHFHED]×ODU×
Selime Kalesi
8OX&DPL
.RORQLG|QHPOHULQLQVRQODU×QDGRĊUX0g\×OODU×QGD
.DINDVODUGDQ JHOHQ NoN ċHKLU GHYOHWOHUL NXUDQ YH
$QDGROX·GD DVNHUL ELU GHYOHW KDOLQH JHOHQ HVNL +LWLW
'HYOHWL·GLU
06\]\×OGD$]L]3DXOYHPULGOHULWDUDI×QGDQ
$QDGROX·GD\D\×OPD\DEDċOD\DQ+×ULVWL\DQO×NoRN
WDQU×O×5RPDWDUDIWDUODU×Q×QE\NWHSNLVLQHQHGHQ
ROGXĊXQGDQĈON+×ULVWL\DQODU
NRUXQPDDo×V×QGDQGDKD
HOYHULċOLPHNDQODUD
6HOLPH3HULEDFDODU×
2
\HUOHċPH\HEDċODP×ċODUG×U$\U×FDLQ]LYD\DoHNLOPHN
LVWH\HQELUoRNGLQDGDP×GDEXE|OJH\LWHUFLKHWPLċWLU
$EEDVLOHU$NVDUD\·×%L]DQV·WDQDOP×ċYHYHUJL\HEDĊODP×ċW×U
'DKDVRQUD7UNPHQ%H\L'DQLċPHQGOL$KPHW*D]LWP
.DSDGRN\D·\× DOP×ċW×U $NVDUD\ IHWKHGLOPLċWLU 6HOoXNOX
6XOWDQ× , 5XNQHGGLQ 0HVXG·XQ 'DQLċPHQG VHIHUL LOH
$NVDUD\6HOoXNOXHJHPHQOLĊLQHNHVLQRODUDNJLUPLċWLU
,,.×O×oDUVODQELUVDUD\\DSW×UDUDN$UNKHODLV
DG×Q×$NVDUD\·D oHYLUPLċ YH EXUDV× LNLQFL
EDċNHQW JLEL LċOHY J|UPċWU ĉHKUH N|W
LQVDQODU DO×QPDP×ċ EX \]GHQ GH L\L
LQVDQODU×Q \DċDG×Ċ× \HU DQODP×QD JHOHQ
´ĉHKUL 6OHKDµ LVPL YHULOPLċWLU
\×O×QGDĈVKDN3DċDWDUDI×QGDQHOHJHoLULOHQ
$NVDUD\ 2VPDQO× KDNLPL\HWLQH JLUPLċ
ĈVWDQEXO·XQ IHWKLQGHQ VRQUD ERċDODQ
ċHKULQLVNDQ×LoLQ$NVDUD\KDON×Q×QE\N
ELU E|OP ĈVWDQEXO·D QDNOHGLOPLċWLU
ĈVWDQEXO·GD ELU VHPWH GH $NVDUD\ DG× EX
QHGHQOHYHULOPLċWLU
3
4
,KODUD9DGLVL
5
,KODUD9DGLVL
Ihlara Vadisi
9DGL\HoRN\DN×QRODQ+DVDQ'DĊ×
YH oHYUHVL , YH ,, ]DPDQODUGD
ROXċPXċWXU 1HRMHQ YH ,9
]DPDQGDROXċDQ\NVHOPHOHUHNDUċ×Q
KDY]DODUROGXNoDGċNNDOP×ċW×U+DVDQ'DĊ×9RONDQ×·Q×Q
SVNUPHVLQH QHGHQ RODQ WHNWRQLN KDUHNHWOHU VRQXQGD
oHYUH\]H\LQLJHQLċELUYRONDQLNWDEDNDNDSODP×ċW×U$\Q×
KDUHNHWOHU V×UDV×QGD NDONHULQ EDV×Qo YH V×FDNO×N HWNLVL\OH
\DUDWW×Ċ×N×U×NKDWWDQI×ċN×UDQGRĊDOV×FDNVX\X<DSUDNKLVDU
YH ,KODUD DUDV×QGD EXOXQDQ =LJD .DSO×FDODU×·QGD
J|UHELOLUVLQL] 9RONDQLN SVNUPH VRQXFX ROXċDQ WI
WDċODU× U]JDU HUR]\RQ YH GLĊHU GRĊD HWNHQOHUL LOH
Dċ×QP×ċ6HOLPHYH<DSUDNKLVDU·GDNDUċ×Q×]Do×NDQGHĊLċLN
.DUDJHGLN.LOLVHVL
6
J|UQPYHUHQNOHUGH3HUL%DFDODU×Q×\DUDWP×ċW×U7HNWRQLN
KDUHNHWOHU ED]× \HUOHUGH \XPXċDN WIQ ED]× \HUOHUGH
JUL \HċLO YH NDKYHUHQJL WRQODU×Q×Q KDNLP ROGXĊX YH LUL
WDQHOHUOHXIDODQDQND\DODU×QNDSODG×Ċ×DODQODU×o|NQW\H
XĊUDWP×ċW×U,KODUD9DGLVLER\XQFDLOHUOH\HQ0HOHQGL]dD\×
YH o|NPHQLQ VRQXFX ROXċDQ .DQ\RQ YDGLQLQ WDEDQ×Q×
R\DUDN GDKD E\N ELU GHULQOLN ND]DQP×ċW×U <HU \HU
PHWUH GHULQOLĊH YDUDQ YH YDGL\L LNL\H E|OHUHN
DNDQ 0HOHQGL] dD\× $NVDUD\ \DN×QODU×QGD 8OX ,UPDN
DG×Q× DODUDN 7X] *|O·QH XODċPDNWDG×U 0HOHQGL] dD\×
]HULQGHNL %HOLV×UPD .|\QGH UHVWRUDQWODU YH GLQOHQPH
WHVLVOHULEXOXQPDNWDG×U
%HOLV×UPD
ĈQVDQWDULKYHVDQDWROJXVXQXKDULNDGRĊDQ×QHVWHWLĊLLOHELU
DUD\DJHWLUHQYHEXJHUoHĊLNHQGLVLQH\DNODċW×Ċ×Q×]]DPDQ
J|VWHUHQ ,KODUD 9DGLVL LoLQGH VDNODG×Ċ× V×UODU×Q× DQFDN
NHQGLVLLOHEHUDEHUROGXĊXQX]GDVL]LQOHSD\ODċDFDNW×U
6PEOO.LOLVH
8
,KODUD9DGLVL
9
<×ODQO×.LOLVH
10
$ĊDoDOW×.LOLVH,KODUD
6LYLċOL.LOLVH
$NVDUD\ +×ULVWL\DQO×Ċ×Q LON
\×OODU×QGD |QHPOL ELU GLQ
PHUNH]L ROPXċWXU .D\VHUL·OL
%DVLOXV YH 1D]LDQRV·OX
*UHJRULXV JLEL PH]KHS
NXUXFXODU× \\GD EXUDGD
\HWLċPLċ 0×V×U YH 6XUL\H
VLVWHPLQGHQ D\U× ELU PDQDVW×U
KD\DW×Q×Q NXUDOODU×Q× WHVSLW
HWPLċOHUGLU %|\OHFH <XQDQ
YH 6ODY VLVWHPL GRĊPXċWXU
0×V×U YH 6XUL\HOL UDKLSOHULQ
GQ\D LOH RODQ LOLċNLOHULQL NHVPHOHULQH UDĊPHQ %DVLOXV
YH *UHJRULXV·XQ UDKLSOHUL GQ\D LOH RODQ LOLċNLOHULQL
NHVPHPLċOHU EX \HQL DQOD\×ċ×Q \HUL LVH %HOLV×UPD
ROPXċWXU
*UHJRULXVWHVOLVLQDQF×QD\HQLELUL]DKJHWLUHUHN+]ĈVD·Q×Q
WDQU×O×Ċ×WDUW×ċPDV×QGDĈ]QLN7RSODQW×V×J|UċOHULQHNXYYHW
ND]DQG×UDQ ÀNLUOHU LOHUL VUPċ E|\OHFH +×ULVWL\DQO×N
WDULKLQGH |QF ELU D]L] ROPXċWXU *UHJRULXV·XQ \HWLċWLĊL
ND\DO×N E|OJH %HOLV×UPD,KODUD*HOYHUL 0DQDVW×U UXKXQD
X\JXQND\DODUDR\XODQNLOLVHOHUWRSOXOXĊXKDOLQHJHOPLċWLU
$UDS DN×QODU×QD +DVDQGDĊ×·QGDNL PGDIDD NDOHOHUL NDUċ×
NR\XQFD EX NLOLVHOHU IDDO LEDGHW PHUNH]L GXUXPODU×Q×
GHYDPHWWLUPLċOHUGLU
11
12
%HOLV×UPD E|OPQGH EXOXQDQODU
LVH ´%L]DQV 7LSLµ UHVLPOHUOH
VVOGU
ĈON +×ULVWL\DQO×N '|QHPL·QH \DN×Q
RODQ .DSDGRN\D 7LSL NLOLVHOHUGH ĈQFLO
VDKQHOHUL $]L] %DVLOXV YH *UHJRULXV·XQ
DQOD\×ċODU×QD J|UH oL]LOPLċ ROXS X]XQ
PHWLQOHUYHULOPLċWLU$ĊDoDOW×.LOLVHVLVRQG|QHP
5RPD YH 6DVDQL HWNLVLQGH ROXS GDKD ID]OD GRĊX KDYDV×
WDċ×PDNWDG×U$]L]WDVYLUOHUL.DSDGRN\DYH%L]DQVWLSLQGHQoRN
D\U×G×U%|OJHGHNLGLĊHUoNLOLVHLVHD\U×ELUJUXSWXU$]L]OHU
GLĊHUOHULQH EHQ]HU IDNDW 2UWDoDĊ |]HOOLĊLQH ND\P×ċW×U
ĈQFLO·GHQD]PHWLQYHULOPLċWLU%XQODUGDGD6XUL\HHWNLVLDo×NW×U
*|UHPH YH GLĊHU NLOLVHOHUGH UDVWODQPD\DQ |]HOOLNOHU YH
LIDGHOHUYDUG×U%WQUHVLPOHUGHĈQFLOVDKQHOHULQLQVHPEROLN
ELUVOXSODJ|VWHULOGLĊLGLNNDWLoHNPHNWHGLU(OELVHOHU6XUL\H
YH ĈUDQ WLSLQGH ROXS ,; YH ; \]\×OGD ĈVODP KDOLIHOHULQH
EDĊO× E|OJHOHUGH NXOODQ×ODQ WDU]GDG×U +]ĈVD·Q×Q \HPHN
PDVDV×QGDNLHċ\DV×ELQGLĊLKD\YDQYV%L]DQVYH.DSDGRN\D
WLSLQGHQ X]DN 0×V×U +×ULVWL\DQ 6DQDW× YH 5RPDQHVN UHVLP
|]HOOLNOHUL WDċ×U%HOLV×UPD E|OPQGHNL NLOLVHOHU Do×NoD
%L]DQVWLSLQGHGLU
.LOLVHOHUGHQ 'LUHNOL .LOLVH 6W *HRUJHV .LOLVHVL
\×OODU×QDDLWWLU6W*HRUJHV.LOLVHVL·QGHEXOXQDQ
ELU 6HOoXN 6XOWDQ×Q×Q HOELVHVLQL J|VWHUHQ UHVLP 7UN
KNPGDU×Q×QKLPD\HYH\DUG×P×LOHEXNLOLVHQLQ\DS×OG×Ċ×QD
EHOJHWHċNLOHWPHNWHGLU
; \]\×O RUWDV×QGD %L]DQV·×Q 7RURVODU YH .OLN\D·\× JHUL
DOPDV×\OD ,KODUD %|OJHVL·QGH \HQL NLOLVHOHULQ \DS×OG×Ċ×Q×
J|UPHNWH\L]%DKDWWLQ6DPDQO×Ċ×6PEOOYH'LUHNOL.LOLVH
UHVLPOHUL EX \]\×OGD LċOHQPLċWLU $OD .LOLVH dDQO× .LOLVH
$NKLVDU·GDYH.DUDJHGLN.LOLVHVL;,\\EDċODU×QGDNL%L]DQV
6DQDW×QD |UQHN WHċNLO HWPHNWHGLU (VNL NLOLVHOHUH VRQUDGDQ
ED]×%L]DQVWLSLUHVLPOHULODYHHGLOPLċWLU%XX\JXODPD;,\\
GD 6HOoXNOX 7UNOHULQLQ E|OJH\H JHOPHVL\OH VRQ EXOPXċ
E|OJHGHNLGLQLKD\DW\LQHGHYDPHWPLċWLU
.×UNGDPDOW×.LOLVHVL
13
14
6HOLPH.D\D\D2\PD.LOLVH
15
6HOLPH
$NVDUD\·D NP PHVDIHGH ,KODUD 9DGLVL·QLQ ELWLPLQGH
NXUXOPXċ ELU NDVDEDG×U ,KODUD <DSUDNKLVDU %HOLV×UPD
YH *]HO\XUW·WD ROGXĊX JLEL EXUDGD GD ND\DGDQ R\PD
NLOLVHOHUYDUG×U(Q|QHPOLNLOLVH´6HOLPH.DWHGUDOLµRODUDN
ELOLQPHNWHGLU .DWHGUDO ND\DODUD R\XOPXċ \NVHNoH ELU
\HUGHGLUĈoLQGHLNLV×UDKDOLQGHVWXQODUV×UDV×YDUG×U%X
VWXQODU NDWHGUDOL o QHIH D\×UP×ċ ED]LOLNDO SODQG×U<DS×
LoLQGH WDYDQ YH NHPHUOHU DUDV×QGD ĈVD·Q×Q J|ĊH o×N×ċ×
PMGH GRĊXP NRLPHVLV 0×V×U·D
NDo×ċ (OL]DEHWK·LQ WDNLS
HGLOPHVL o PQHFFLPLQ
|OGUOPHVL YE VDKQHOHU
\HUDOPDNWDG×U
6HOLPH.DWHGUDOL 17
6HOLPH.DWHGUDOL
18
19
6HOLPH6XOWDQ7UEHVL
6HOLPH NDVDEDV×QGD EXOXQDQ WUEH PLPDUL YH GHNRUDWLI
\|QGHQ (UNHQ 'HYLU |]HOOLNOHULQL J|VWHUPHNWHGLU
$QDGROX·GD VH\UHN J|UOHQ HVHUOHUGHQ ROXS J|YGHVL
VHNL]JHQNDLGHOLYHNODKO×G×U7UEHGHWDċYHWXĊODLċoLOLĊL
LoLoHGLU 0LPDUL VWLOL YH PDO]HPHOHUL \|QQGHQ ;,,,
\]\×O×QEDċODU×QDWDULKOHQPHNWHGLU6HOLPH6XOWDQ7UEHVL
RODUDNELOLQHQEXWUEH6HOoXNOX%H\OHULQGHQ$OL3DċDLoLQ
\DSW×U×OP×ċW×U
20
6HOLPH6XOWDQ7UEHVL
21
22
*]HO\XUW(YOHUL
23
*]HO\XUW
7DELL J]HOOLĊL YH WDULKL ]HQJLQOLĊL LOH GLNNDW oHNHQ
*]HO\XUWLOoHVLGRĊDYHNOWUWXUODU×Q×QIDYRULPHNDQ×G×U
<NVHN.LOLVH*]HO\XUW
24
*]HO\XUW
.×UNGDPDOW×.LOLVHVL*]HO\XUW
25
;,,\\GD$QDGROX·\DKDNLPRODQ6HOoXNOXODU'|QHPL·QGH
+×ULVWL\DQ YH 0VOPDQ KDON ELU DUDGD \DċDPD\D
EDċODP×ċODUG×U ,KODUD 9DGLVL LoHULVLQGHNL %HOLV×UPD·GD
EXOXQDQ 6W *HRUJHV .×UNGDPDOW× .LOLVHVL·QGHNL ELU
IUHVNGHG|QHPLQEH\OHUEH\LRODQ%DVLO*\DNXSRV7UN
N×\DIHWOHUL LoLQGH UHVPHGLOPLċ YH IUHVNLQ NLWDEHVLQGH
6XOWDQ,,0HVXGLoLQ´oRN\NVHNYHoRNDVLOELU6XOWDQµ
LIDGHVLNXOODQ×OP×ċW×U
6HOoXNOXKDNLPL\HWLQGHLVPL´*HOYHULµRODUDNGHĊLċWLULOPLċ
ROXS 6HOLPH .DOHVL·QH EDĊODQP×ċ GDKD VRQUD 2VPDQO×
KDNLPL\HWLQHJHoPLċWLU
.×]×O.OLVH*]HO\XUW
*]HO\XUW.LOLVH&DPL0LQDUHVL
27
0DQDVW×U9DGLVL.D\D.LOLVH
28
SHULEDFDV×\HUDOPDNWDG×U=LJD.DSO×FDODU×WHUPDOWXUL]P
Do×V×QGDQ |QHPOLGLU +DVDQGDĊ× HWHNOHULQGH NXUXOPXċ
EXOXQDQ *]HO\XUW PW \NVHNOLNWH ROXS \D\OD
KDYDV× YH KHU PHYVLP D\U× ELU UHQJH EUQHQ PHVLUH
\HUOHULLOHQOGU
*]HO\XUW·WDNLNLOLVHOHU06·GH2UWRGRNVPH]KHELQLQ
NXUXFXVX $]L] *UHJRULXV DG×QD \DS×ODQ 6W *UHJRULXV
.LOLVHVL .LOLVH &DPLL 6LYLċOL <NVHN $]L] $QDUJLURV
%XFDN.×]×O.Ro.|PUO.DOEXUOXd|POHNoL$]L]OHU
'DP×&DIDUODU.XOOXNNLOLVHOHULOHoRNVD\×GD\HUDOW×ċHKUL
\DQ×QGD$NURSROYHVLYLOPLPDUL\DS×ODU|QHPOLGLU
29
1RUD9LUDQċHKLU$QWLN.HQWL
30
+DVDQ'DĊ×
31
+DVDQ'DĊ×
6HOoXNOX+NPGDU×6OH\PDQĉDK·×QYDOLRODUDNDWDG×Ċ×
(EXO*D]L0XVD+DVDQ%H\·LQDG×LOHDGODQG×U×OP×ċW×U
PW \NVHNOLĊL LOH 2UWD $QDGROX·QXQ HQ \NVHN GDĊ×
RODQ +DVDQ 'DĊ× ELU YRONDQ ROXS PHWUH\H NDGDU
PHċH RUPDQ× LOH NDSO×G×U +DVDQ 'DĊ× GDĊF×O×N \D\OD
WXUL]PL RUPDQ LoL GLQOHQPH DODQODU× VSRUWLI DNWLYLWHOHU
YH ND\DN VSRUX LOH NOWU WXUL]PL Do×V×QGDQ |QHP
WDċ×PDNWDG×U$NVDUD\ PHUNH]H NP ,KODUD·\D NP
PHVDIHGH YH ( .DUD\ROXQXQ \DQ×QGD \HU DOPDNWDG×U
.D\DNPHUNH]LQHNDGDU\ROPHYFXWWXU
+DVDQ'DĊ×
32
+DVDQ'DĊ×
+DVDQ'DĊ×
33
Tuz Gölü
34
7UNL\H·QLQ LNLQFL E\N J|O RODQ7X] *|O$NVDUD\·×Q
GRĊDOYHWDULKL]HQJLQOLĊLQHNDWW×Ċ×J|UVHOHVWHWLNLOHNHQWL
|QHPOLELUFD]LEHPHUNH]LKDOLQHJHWLUPHNWHGLU)RWRVDIDUL
LoLQ XOXVODUDUDV× IDYRULOHU DUDV×QGD EXOXQDQ ´7X] *|Oµ
WXULVWOHULQ LOJL RGDĊ×G×U *|O oHYUHVL EDWDNO×NODUOD oHYULOL
ROXS EDWDNO×N G×ċ×QGD NDODQ DUD]L oRUDNODċP×ċW×U (Q
GHULQ\HULPHWUHGLU'HQL]VHYL\HVLQGHQ\NVHNOLĊL
PHWUHGLU7UNL\H·GH WX] UHWLPLQGH oRN |QHPOL ELU \HUH
VDKLSWLU
7X]*|O
36
Termal Turizm
=LJD.DSO×FDODU×
37
$NVDUD\·GDEXOXQDQNDSO×FDODUVDĊO×N
YHJ]HOOLNYDDGHWPHNWHGLUOHU
=LJD
$NVDUD\ LOL *]HO\XUW LOoHVL<DSUDNKLVDU N|\QGH ,KODUD
9DGLVL·QLQ \DQ× EDċ×QGD EXOXQDQ =LJD .DSO×FDODU× R&
V×FDNO×Ċ×QGDOWVQGHEL\HVDKLSYHPLQHUDOEDN×P×QGDQ
ROGXNoD ]HQJLQ ROXS oHċLWOL KDVWDO×NODU×Q WHGDYLVLQGH
URPDWL]PDO KDVWDO×NODU ROPDN ]HUH PHWDEROL]PD
ER]XNOXNODU×VLQGLULPVLVWHPLKDVWDO×NODU×GHULKDVWDO×NODU×
J|] UDKDWV×]O×NODU× YH NDG×Q KDVWDO×NODU× GHVWHN DPDoO×
NXOODQ×OPDNWDG×U
=LJDV×FDNVXODU×ELUoRNPLQHUDOLQELUOHċLPLQGHQROXċPXċ
YH LoHULVLQGH ERO PLNWDUGD .DOVL\XP 6RG\XP LOH .ORUU
Ĉ\RQXYH+LGURNDUERQDWĈ\RQXEXOXQGXUPDNWDG×U
38
,O×VX
,KODUD9DGLVL·QLQGHYDP×QLWHOLĊLQGHROXS9DGL\L0HOHQGL]
GDĊODU×QD \DVODU ĈoHULVLQGHQ 0HOHQGL] dD\× DNDQ ,O×VX
$NVDUD\·×Q GRĊXVXQGD NP PHVDIHGLU %|OJHGH
ND\D R\PD \HUOHċLP \HUOHUL ELUoRN NLOLVH LOH ċDSHO \HU
DOPDNWDG×U 0HYFXW KDOL\OH GRĊDO J]HOOLNOHUL \DQ×QGD
WDULKL GRNXVX\OD GD .DSDGRN\D·Q×Q WLSLN |]HOOLĊLQL
\DQV×WPDNWDG×U ,O×VX WDULKL GRNXVX YH GRĊDO J]HOOLNOHUL
\DQ×QGD SHN oRN WHUPDO VX ND\QDNODU×Q× GD LKWLYD
HWPHNWHGLU,O×VXWHUPDOVXODU×PLQHUDODo×V×QGDQROGXNoD
]HQJLQ |]HOOLNOHU WDċ×PDNWD ROXS FLOW KDVWDO×NODU×Q×Q
WHGDYLVLQGHNXOODQ×OPDNWDG×U
39
$F×J|O1DUO×J|O
$NVDUD\LOL*ODĊDoLOoHVL6RIXODUEHOGHVLQGH\HUDODQ.UDWHU
*|O $NVDUD\·×Q GRĊXVXQGD 1LĊGH·QLQ NX]H\EDW×V×QGD
$NVDUD\·D NP 1LĊGH·\H NP 1HYċHKLU·H NP
PHVDIHGHGLU 8ODċ×P KHP 1LĊGH'HULQNX\X KHP GH
$NVDUD\,KODUD'HULQNX\X\ROX]HULQGHQ\DS×OPDNWDG×U
40
1DUO×J|O$F×J|O
41
Inanç
Turizmi
42
0DQDVW×UODU9DGLVL
43
<XQXV(PUH7UEHVL
44
$NVDUD\oHċLWOLPHGHQL\HWOHUHEHċLNOLN\DSW×Ċ×JLELoHċLWOL
GLQOHULQJHOLċLS\D\×OPDV×QGDGD|QHPOLUROR\QDP×ċW×U
+×ULVWL\DQO×NDo×V×QGDQ$]L]%DVLOXVYH$]L]*UHJRULXV·XQ
EXE|OJHGH\DċDP×ċROPDODU×*]HO\XUW,KODUD%HOLV×UPD
YH 6HOLPH·\L ĈQDQo 7XUL]PL Do×V×QGDQ GDKD GD |QHPOL
N×OPDNWDG×U
$NVDUD\·GDĈQDQo7XUL]PLNDSVDP×QGDDGHW+×ULVWL\DQ
HVHUL LOH DGHW ĈVODP HVHUL EXOXQPDNWD ROXS KHUELUL
|QHPOL]L\DUHWPHNDQODU×G×U
7DSGXN(PUH7UEHVL
<XQXV (PUH·QLQ KRFDV× 7DSGXN (PUH·QLQ 7UEHVL
$NVDUD\·D NP PHVDIHGH (NHFLN 'DĊ× HWHĊLQGHNL
7DSGXNN|\QGHEXOXQPDNWDG×U
<XQXV(PUH7UEHVL
$QDGROX·GDWDVDYYXIDN×P×Q×QYH7UNoHċLLULQ|QFVRODQ
<XQXV(PUHĈVODPWDULKLQLQHQ|QHPOLELOJLQOHULDUDV×QGD
EXOXQPDNWDG×U<XQXV(PUH·GHGRĊPXċ
VHQH\DċDP×ċYH·GDYHIDWHWPLċWLU*QP]H
NDGDUXODċDQEHOJHOHUOH<XQXV(PUH·QLQ'RĊXP
9HIDW 2UWD $QDGROX·GD \DċDG×Ċ×
NHVLQOHċPLċWLU
$NVDUD\LOL2UWDN|\LOoHVL6DU×NDUDPDQNDVDEDV×5HċDGL\H
N|\QGH =L\DUHW 7HSH·GH EXOXQDQ WUEH 2UWDN|\ LOoH
PHUNH]LQHNPPHVDIHGHGLU7DċELUNDLGH]HULQGHNL
WUEHQLQNX]H\N×VP×GXYDULOHoHYULOPLċWLU
45
.×O×oDUVODQ7UEHVL
ĉH\K+DPLGL9HOL
6RPXQFX%DED7UEHVL
$NVDUD\·×QPHUNH]LQGH.×O×oDUVODQ7HSHVLHWHĊLQGH(UYDK
.DEULVWDQO×Ċ×LoHULVLQGHDo×NELUWUEHGLU0H]DUPHUPHUGHQ
\DS×OP×ċ ROXS + 0 \D]×V× EXOXQPDNWDG×U
$\U×FD WRUXQODU× YH \DN×QODU×QD DLW PH]DUODU GD EXUDGD
EXOXQPDNWDG×U %LU GHPLU NDS×\OD WUEHGDU RGDV×QD
JLULOLU 7UEHGDU RGDV×QGDNL Lo N×VPD JHoLOGLĊLQGH WHN
J|]OSHQFHUHVLRODQdLOHKDQH\HUDOPDNWDG×U6RPXQFX
%DED·Q×QRĊOX<XVXI+DNLNL·QLQWUEHVLGH$NVDUD\·GDĉH\K
+DPLG0DKDOOHVLQGHGLU
.×O×oDUVODQ7UEHVL
<DS× NRPSOHNVL $NVDUD\ PHUNH]GH ROXS NHVPH WDċWDQ
\DS×OP×ċ WUEH LOH \D]O×N N|ċNWHQ ROXċPDNWDG×U 7UEH
LoHULVLQGH ,, .×O×oDUVODQ YH ,9 .×O×oDUVODQ·×Q PH]DU×
EXOXQPDNWDG×U 6HOoXNOXODU '|QHPL·QGH \DS×OP×ċ RODQ
WUEHVRQUDGDQRQDU×PJ|UPċWU
47
(ĊUL0LQDUH
(ĊUL0LQDUH
\×OODU×DUDV×QGD\DS×OP×ċELU6HOoXNOXHVHULROXS
GHUHFH HĊLPH VDKLSWLU +RUDVDQ KDUF×Q×Q NXOODQ×OG×Ċ×
\DS×N×UP×]×WXĊODGDQ\DS×OG×Ċ×LoLQ¶.×]×O0LQDUH·RODUDN
GDDQ×OPDNWDG×U
'|UWN|ċHELUNDLGHQLQ]HULQHRWXUWXODQVLOLQGLULNJ|YGH
LQFHELUVLOPHLOHLNLN×VPDE|OQPċWU$OWN×VP×]LN]DN
VWN×VP×PDYLYH\HċLOoLQLPR]DLNOHUOHNDSODQP×ċW×U%LU
ċHUHIHVLYHEDVDPDĊ×YDUG×U<DQ×QGDNLFDPLVRQUDGDQ
\DS×OP×ċW×U
48
.D\D&DPL
*]HO\XUW LOoH PHUNH]LQGHGLU ;,9 \\ \DS×V× VHUJLOH\HQ
FDPLK×ULVWL\DQODUYHPVOPDQODUWDUDI×QGDQNXOODQ×OP×ċW×U
%\NELUN×VP×ND\DODUR\XODUDN\DS×ODQFDPLGHWRQR]
|UWVLVWHPLLOHLQċDHGLOPLċELUE|OPPHYFXWWXU
6DLQW0LFKHO.LOLVHVL
*|NoH N|\QGH 0DPDVXQ %DUDM× NHQDU×QGD SODWRQXQ
HWHĊLQGH PDĊDUDODU PDQDVW×U YH NLOLVHOHU EXOXQPDNWDG×U
)UHVNOHULQLQELUN×VP×NRUXQPXċROXSDSVLVWH´+]ĈVDYH
KDYDULOHUNX]H\GXYDU×QGDLVHĈVD·Q×QPDEHGHWDNGLPLµ
JLULċLQKHPHQ\DQ×QGD´$]L]2QRSKLURVµWDVYLULYDUG×U
49
dDQO×.LOLVH
dDQO×.LOLVH
50
dDQO×.LOLVH
$NKLVDUN|\QGHEXOXQDQNLOLVHDQDND\D]HULQHG]JQ
NHVPH WDċ YH WXĊODGDQ DOPDċ×N GXYDU WHNQLĊL LOH LQċDD
HGLOPLċWLU
.×]×O.LOLVH
.×UP×]× NHVPH WDċWDQ \DS×OG×Ċ× LoLQ ¶.×]×O .LOLVH· DG×Q×
DOP×ċW×U *]HO\XUW LOoHVL 6LYULKLVDU N|\QGHGLU ho
QHÁL ROXS RUWD QHIWH G|UW VWXQ ]HULQH ELU NXEEH
RWXUPDNWDG×U )UHVNOHUGH GLQL VDKQHOHU YH KDYDULOHULQ
SRUWUHOHUL \HU DOPDNWDG×U .LOLVH 9\]\×O LOH 9, \]\×OD
WDULKOHQPHNWHGLU
.×]×O.LOLVH
51
6XOWDQKDQ×
52
53
ĈSHN\ROX
dLQ·GHQEDċOD\DUDN2UWD$V\DĈUDQYH$QDGROX]HULQGHQ
&HQHYL]OLOHUH GROD\×V×\OD $YUXSD·\D XODċDQ WDULKL ĈSHN
<ROX]HULQGHoHċLWOLNRQDNODPDWHVLVOHULEXOXQPDNWDG×U
$QDGROX ]HULQGH GH GRĊXEDW× J]HUJDK×QGD KDQ YH
NHUYDQVDUD\ODU V×UDODQP×ċW×U 6HOoXNOXODU '|QHPL·QGH
VH\\DKODU×Q YH NHUYDQODU×Q \HPH LoPH EDU×QPD YH
JYHQOLNOHULQLQVDĊODQPDV×DPDF×\ODKHUELULELUHUJQON
PHVDIHGH NP LQċD HGLOHQ KDQ YH NHUYDQVDUD\ODU
|]HOOLNOH´6HOoXNOX0LPDUL6DQDW×·Q×µHQL\L\DQV×WDELOHQ
|UQHNOHUGLU
$NVDUD\·GDGDEXG|QHPGH\DS×ODQċDKHVHUOHUGHQG|UWWDQHVL
JQP]H XODċP×ċW×U %XQODU 6XOWDQKDQ× $Ċ]×NDUDKDQ
gUHVLQKDQ7HSHVLGHOLN+DQYH$OD\KDQ·G×U
6XOWDQKDQ×
\×OODU×QGD $ODDGGLQ .H\NXEDW WDUDI×QGDQ
\DSW×U×OP×ċW×U 6HOoXNOX 'HYUL·QLQ PLPDUL WDċ LċoLOLĊL YH
VVOHPHVDQDWODU×EDN×P×QGDQċDKHVHUELU|UQHNWLU7LFDUL
YH DVNHUL Do×GDQ |QHPOL RODQ .RQ\D$NVDUD\ \ROXQXQ
HPQL\HWLQL VDĊODPDN LoLQ NXUXOPXċWXU <D]O×N N×ċO×N
PHVFLG YH DK×U E|OPOHULQGHQ ROXċDQ NODVLN 6HOoXNOX
KDQODU×WLSLQGHGLU6HOoXNOX'|QHPL·QGHKDQODU+DQEH\L
WDUDI×QGDQ \|QHWLOLUGL %H\ NHUYDQODU×Q JYHQOLĊLQL
VDĊODPDNOD J|UHYOL ROGXĊXQGDQ KHU KDQGD ELU VYDUL
ELUOLĊL EXOXQXU YH EX ELUOLNOHU VDYDċ DQ×QGD VXOWDQ×Q
NXYYHWOHULQH NDW×O×UODUG× +DQ $NVDUD\.RQ\D \ROXQXQ
NLORPHWUHVLQGHGLU
6XOWDQKDQ×
54
6XOWDQKDQ×
55
56
6XOWDQKDQ×
57
$Ċ]×NDUDKDQ
$NVDUD\1HYċHKLU NDUD\ROXQXQ NPVLQGH EXOXQDQ
KDQ 2VPDQO× ND\QDNODU×QGD +RFD 0HVXG +DQ× RODUDN
JHoPHNWHGLU <DS×P× WDULKLQGH $ODDGGLQ .H\NXEDW
$Ċ]×NDUDKDQ
58
$Ċ]×NDUDKDQ
$OD\KDQ×
$NVDUD\1HYċHKLU .DUD\ROXQXQ NPVLQGH $OD\KDQ
.|\ V×Q×UODU× LoHULVLQGHGLU .LWDEHVL ROPD\DQ \DS×Q×Q
,, .×O×oDUVODQ '|QHPL·QGH 8o EH\L RODQ 3HUYDQH %H\
WDUDI×QGDQ\DSW×U×OG×Ċ×WDKPLQHGLOPHNWHGLU
59
gUHVLQKDQ7HSHVLGHOLN+DQ
$NVDUD\1HYċHKLU NDUD\ROXQXQ NP VLQGHGLU
2OGXĊXQGDQ GDKD E\N \DS×OG×Ċ× VDQ×ODQ KDQ ]L\DUHWH
JHOHQOHU ]HULQGH HVUDUO× ELU PHNDQ HWNLVL \DUDWPDNWDG×U
.oN|OoGHYHDYOXVX]RODUDNLQċDHGLOPLċWLU
=LQFLUL\H0HGUHVHVL
.DUDPDQRĊXOODU×QGDQ <DKċL %H\ WDUDI×QGDQ
\DSW×U×OP×ċW×U.HVPHWDċYHWXĊODNXOODQ×ODUDNLQċDHGLOPLċ
G|UW H\YDQO× o UHYDNO× YH DYOXOX PHGUHVH WLSLQGHGLU
h]HULWRQR]YHNXEEHLOH|UWOVHNL]E|OPHOLVWDo×N
DYOXOXGXU
gUHVLQKDQ
60
<DSUDNKLVDU.DOHVL
61
$NVDUD\0]HVL
$NVDUD\0]HVL
0]HEQ\HVLQGH1HROLWLNdDĊ·GDQ0gLWLEDUHQ
SHNoRNPHGHQL\HWH$NHUDPLN1HROLWLN.DONROLWLN(VNL
7XQo $VXU 7LFDUHW .RORQLOHUL *Ho +LWLW 8UDUWX )ULJ
+HOHQLVWLN 5RPD %L]DQV YH 6HOoXNOX DLW DUNHRORMLN
HVHUOHUPHYFXWWXU
3LċPLċWRSUDNHVHUOHU$VXU7LFDUHW.RORQLOHUL5RPD%L]DQV
YH 2VPDQO× G|QHPOHULQH DLW HU]DN YH VX GHSRODPDNWD
NXOODQ×ODQ RUWD YH E\N ER\ NSOHU LOJL oHNLFL HVHUOHU
DUDV×QGDG×U
0]HNROHNVL\RQXQXQHWQRJUDÀNHVHUOHULDUDV×QGD\|UH\H
DLWJL\LPHċ\DODU×oHWHNELQGDOO×FHSNHQ\HOHNSDUDYH
WWQNHVHOHULWDN×ODUoHċLWOLHYDOHWOHULVLODKODULOHKDO×YH
NLOLPOHUEXOXQPDNWDG×U
63
$ċ×NO×K|\N
64
65
gUHQ\HUOHULYH$UNHRORMLN.D]×ODU
gUHQ\HUOHUL
,KODUDNDVDEDV×QGDNLNPX]XQOXĊXQGDLoHULVLQGH
NLOLVHYHRQELQH\DN×QND\DR\PD\HUOHċLP\HULEXOXQDQ
,KODUD9DGLVL
*]HO\XUW LOoHVLQGHNL SHN oRN NLOLVH YH ND\D R\PD
\HUOHċLP\HULLOH\HUDOW×ċHKLUOHULQLEDU×QG×UDQ0DQDVW×UODU
9DGLVL
+DVDQGDĊ×·QGDNL +HOYDGHUH NDVDEDV×QGD EXOXQDQ
1RUD $QWLN .HQWL 9LUDQċHKLU <HċLORYD NDVDEDV×QGDNL
$FHPK|\NLOH.×]×OND\DN|\QGHNL$ċ×NO×K|\N·WU
.D]×\HUOHUL
$ċ×NO×K|\N.D]×V×
$FHPK|\N.D]×V×
*YHUFLQND\DV×.D]×V×
.DOHEDOWDgUHQ\HUL
$ċ×NO×K|\N
$ċ×NO×K|\N *ODĊDo LOoHVL .×]×OND\D N|\QGH N|\Q
NP NDGDU JQH\LQGH 0HOHQGL] ,UPDĊ× N×\×V×QGD
\HUDOPDNWDG×U $NVDUD\·×Q NP JQH\GRĊXVXQGDG×U
%XUDGD \×O×QGDQ EHUL DUNHRORMLN NXUWDUPD ND]×ODU×
\DS×OPDNWDG×U
$NVDUD\ .DSDGRN\DV×·QGD YRONDQLN WÁ ELU DUD]L LoLQGH
\HUDODQ $ċ×NO×·GD LON \HUOHċLPOHU 0g %LQ \×OGD
EDċODP×ċW×U $ċ×NO×K|\N $QDGROX YH <DN×QGRĊX·GD
$NHUDPLN 1HROLWLN '|QHP·H DLW HQ HVNL ´LON N|\
\HUOHċPHOHULQLµ VHUJLOH\HQ |QHPOL |UHQ \HUOHULQGHQ ELU
WDQHVLGLU
$ċ×NO×·GD\DċD\DQLQVDQODULONNH]EXUDGDEXĊGD\DUSDYH
PHUFLPHNJLOOHULQ WDU×P×Q× \DSP×ċ ROXS HQ \RĊXQ RODUDN
DYF×O×NLOHXĊUDċP×ċODUG×U
8]PDQODU HQ HVNL EH\LQ DPHOL\DW×Q×Q $ċ×NO×·GD JHQo ELU
NDG×Q NDIDWDV×QGD VDSWDQG×Ċ×Q× D\U×FD ELU EDċND NDG×Q
oHQH NHPLĊLQGH GH LON RWRSVL L]OHULQLQ EXOXQGXĊXQX
EHOLUWPHNWHGLUOHU
66
*YHUFLQND\DV×.D]×$ODQ×
<HċLORYD$FHPK|\N
<HċLORYD $NVDUD\·×Q NP NX]H\EDW×V×QGDG×U +|\N
0g ·GH LVNDQ J|UPċ HQ SDUODN GHYULQL 0g
\×OODU×QGD\DċDP×ċW×U
'DUSKDQH
ĈNLNDWWDQROXċDQ\DS×$QDGROX6HOoXNOXGDUSKDQHOHULQLQ
ELOLQHQ LON |UQHNOHULQGHQGLU (VHULQ 'DUSKDQH ROGXĊXQX
J|VWHUHQ|]HOOLNOHUGHQELUWDQHVLJLULċH\YDQ×Q×QNDUċ×V×QGD
\HUDODQLNLNDWO×PHNDQ×QEXOXQPDV×G×U%XPHNDQ×QDOWNDW×
LQFHOHQGLĊL]DPDQEXUDGDSDUDEDVPD\DPDKVXV\HUOHULQ
EXOXQGXĊXYHG×ċDU×\DDo×ODQKLoELUPHNDQ×QEXOXQPDG×Ċ×
J|UOU $\U×FD EDV×OPD\D KD]×U VLNNHOHULQ YH EDV×OP×ċ
VLNNHOHULQEXOXQPDV×EXGXUXPXGRĊUXODPDNWDG×U
6LYLO0LPDUL
.HVPHWDċWDQJHQLċDYOXOXEDONRQOX\NVHNYHIHUDKRODUDN
\DS×OP×ċHVNL$NVDUD\HYOHUL\D]ODU×VHULQN×ċODU×GDV×FDN
ROPDV× QHGHQL\OH ROGXNoD VDĊO×NO× \DS×ODUG×U *HQHOOLNOH
WHN\DGDLNLNDWO×RODUDN\DS×OP×ċODUG×U%X\DS×ODUJHQLċELU
VDORQGDQoRNVD\×GDRGD\DDo×ODQNDS×ODUYHDUNDEDKoH
67
*]HO\XUW(YOHUL
NDS×V×YH|QFHSKHOHUGHNLWDċR\PDVDQDW×Q×Q]HUDIHWLLOH
\DN×QJHoPLċLPL]LQPLPDUL|]HOOLNOHULQLWDċ×PDNWDG×U
*]HO\XUW LOoHVL LVH VLYLO PLPDUL Do×V×QGDQ NHQGLQH KDV
ELU|]HOOLNVHUJLOHPHNWHGLU<DS×ODU×QWDPDP×NHVPHWDċWDQ
\DS×OP×ċROXSHQID]ODLNLNDWO×G×U
%HOLV×UPD.|\
*]HO\XUW ĈOoHVL V×Q×UODU× LoLQGH \HU DODQ EX N|\Q
HQ |QHPOL |]HOOLĊL ,KODUD 9DGLVL·QLQ LoLQGH NXUXOPXċ
ROPDV×G×U (VDVHQ N|\ 9DGLQLQ LoLQGHQ JHoPHNWH RODQ
0HOHQGL] 1HKULQLQ VDĊ WDUDI×QD YDGL \DPDoODU×QD LQċD
HGLOPLċWLU
%HOLV×UPD LVPLQLQ RODV×O×NOD *UHNoH ´3HULVWUHPDµ
NHOLPHVLQGHQJHOGLĊLWDULKLND\QDNODUGDEHOLUWLOPHNWHGLU
,KODUD9DGLVLNLOLVHOHULQLQLoLQGHVD\×ODQ$ODNLOLVH'LUHNOL
.LOLVH YH %DKDGGLQ 6DPDQO×Ċ× .LOLVHVL EX N|\GHGLU %X
NLOLVHOHULQ \DQ× V×UD \|UH\H |]J |Q \]OHUL VVOHPHOL
NRQXWODU×GLNNDWoHNLFLGLU
68
%HOLþV×UPD
6RIXODU9DGLVL.D\D0HNDQODU
YH<HUOHċLP<HUL
*ODĊDo LOoHVL 6RIXODU %HOGHVL V×Q×UODU× LoHULVLQGH ,KODUD
² 'HULQNX\X \ROX ]HULQGH NDVDED\D \DNODċ×N P
X]DNO×NWDDQD\ROGDQ\DNODċ×N\]PHWUHLoHUGHGLU6RIXODU
\HUDOW×ċHKULJLULċOHUL]DPDQODNDSDQP×ċW×U$QFDNLoHULGH
KDODDo×NRODQPHNkQODUEXOXQPDNWDG×UYDGLGHoRNNDWO×
ND\DPHNkQODUEXQODU×QLoLQGHNLOLVHYHċDSHOOHUPH]DUODU
EXOXQPDNWDG×U%XND\DPHNkQODU×Q\HUDOW×ċHKULROGXĊXQX
J|VWHUHQ W×UKD] WDċODU× KDYDODQG×UPD EDFDODU× ELUELULQH
WQHOOHUOH EDĊO× \DċDP PHNkQODU× YH KD\YDQ EDU×QDNODU×
EXOXQPDNWDG×U <]H\GHNL VHUDPLNOHUGHQ 5RPD YH
%L]DQV G|QHPLQGH LVNkQ J|UGĊ DQODċ×OPDNWDG×U 9DGL
\DPDoODU×QGD \|UHVHO NHVPH WDċODUOD \DS×OP×ċ NRQXWODU
KDODJL]HPLQLNRUXPDNWDG×U
.DOHEDOWD.DOHYHdHYUHVL
0HUNH]H EDĊO× .DOHEDOWD .|\QGH %L]DQV G|QHPLQH
DLW NDOH NDO×QW×V× YH GRĊDO \DS×V×\OD oHYUHVL PXKWHċHP
ELU J]HOOLĊH VDKLSWLU .DOH \NVHN ND\DO×N ]HULQH
LQċD HGLOPLċWLU dHYUHVL |]HOOLNOH NDOHQLQ GRĊXVX JUDQLW
WDċODUGDQ ROXċDQ J]HO ELU J|UQPH VDKLSWLU .DOHQLQ
oHYUHVL LOJLQo YH GRĊDO J]HOOLĊH VDKLS ND\D NWOHOHUL LOH
oHYULOLGLU.DOHQLQ6HOoXNOXODU'|QHPLQGHGHNXOODQ×OG×Ċ×
DQODċ×OPDNWDG×U
69
*D]LHPLU<HUDOW×ĉHKUL
*D]LHPLU<HUDOW×ĉHKUL
<HUDOW×ĉHKLUOHUL
.DSDGRN\D %|OJHVL·QLQ WLSLN ND\D R\PD \HUOHċLP
\HUOHULQGHQ RODQ \HUDOW× ċHKLUOHULQH LO JHQHOLQGH oRN
V×N UDVWODQPDNWDG×U .RQ\D NDUD\ROX ]HULQGH (VNLO
(ċPHND\D·GDNL (UGRĊGX $QNDUD NDUD\ROX ]HULQGHNL
8UXPGĊQ 2UWDN|\ 2]DQF×NWDNL (UVHOH 1HYċHKLU
NDUD\ROX ]HULQGH 6DUDWO× *ODĊDo *OS×QDU·GDNL
dXNXU|UHQ*D]LHPLU,KODUD9DGLVLYH*]HO\XUWJH]LOHUL
XQXWXOPD]DQ×ODU\DċDPDQ×]×VDĊOD\DFDNW×U
70
*]HO\XUW<HUDOW×ĉHKUL
6DUDWO×<HUDOW×ĉHKUL
71
(O6DQDWODU×YH)RONORULN
'HĊHUOHU
$QDGROX·GD KDO×F×O×N N|NO JHoPLċLQ LOPHN LOPHN
GRNXQGXĊXDW×ODQKHUGĊPGHJHOHQHNOHULQJQP]H
WDċ×QG×Ċ×|]JQELUVDQDWW×U
7DċS×QDU+DO×ODU×Q×Q
JQP]HGHĊLQNRUXGXĊX
|]HOOLNOHUGHQHQ|QHPOLVL
´$WN×d|]JYH'ĊPµ
LSOHULQLQWDPDPHQ
\QROPDV×G×UĈSOHULQ
UHQNOHQGLULOPHVLQGH
LVHGRĊDOER\D
NXOODQ×OPDNWDG×U
7DċS×QDUKDO×ODU×WDEDQ
NHOOHoLIWVRP\DPLQGHU
QDPD]ODĊ×\DVW×NKH\EHYH
HĊHUOLN|UWVDG×YHULOHQ
oHċLWOHUGHGRNXQPXċWXU
72
$NVDUD\0XWIDĊ×
$NVDUD\·GD WDK×O UHWLPLQLQ JHQLċ ELU DODQD \D\×OP×ċ
ROPDV× LOH EXQGDQ UHWLOHQ \L\HFHNOHU KD\YDQF×O×Ċ×Q
JHOLċPLċROPDV×\ODGDHWYHVWPDPOOHULD\U×FDEDĊYH
EDKoHOHUGHQHOGHHGLOHQVHE]HYHPH\YHOHUOHGHPXWIDN
LoLQROGXNoD]HQJLQPDO]HPHOHUHOGHHGLOPHNWHGLU
$NVDUD\0XWIDĊ×·Q×Q]HQJLQP|QVQGH<XINDĉHSH
6×NPDd|UHN0D\DO×(ULċWH.XVNXV3LODY×'ROPD
0DQW×.DW×NO×$ċ3HOWH6RĊDQODPD6DU×Ċ×%XUPD
+|ċPHULP$UDEDċ×dXOODPD$\YD%RUDQLdLĊOHPH
.DOEXUEDVW×6DF%|UHĊL%DP\DdRUEDV×.D\JDQD
JLEL\|UH\H|]HO\HPHN
EXOXQPDNWDG×U
7XULVWOHULQE\N
EHĊHQLVLQL
ND]DQDQ$NVDUD\
0XWIDĊ×QGDQ
|UQHNOHUL
\|UHVHO\DGD
PRGHUQ
UHVWRUDQODUGD
WDGDELOLUVLQL]
7733
$NVDUD\*H]LQL]ĈoLQ.H\LÁL
7DYVL\HOHU
(ĊUL0LQDUH·\LJ|UPHGHQ
+HOYDGHUH·GHDODEDO×N,KODUD9DGLVL·QGHVDFWDYD
\HPHGHQ
+HGL\HOLN7DċS×QDU+DO×V×DOPDGDQ
,KODUDYH*]HO\XUWIHVWLYDOOHULQLL]OHPHGHQ
=LJD.DSO×FDODU×QGDċLIDEXOPDGDQ
$\U×OPDPDQ×]×WDYVL\HHGHUL]
$ĊDoDOW×.LOLVHVL
3UHQOLVHNL.LOLVHVL
.RNDU.LOLVH
(ĊULWDċ.LOLVHVL
.DUDQO×NNDOH.LOLVHVL
<×ODQO×.LOLVH
6PEOO.LOLVH
.×UNGDPDOW×.LOLVHVL
%DKDWWLQ6DPDQO×Ċ×.LOLVHVL
'LUHNOL.LOLVH
$OD.LOLVH
.DUDJHGLN.LOLVHVL
74
g1(0/Ĉ$'5(67(/()21/$5
ĈO.OWUYH7XUL]P %HOHGL\H%DċNDQO×Ċ×
0GUOĊ
7DċSD]DU0DK6RN1R 'HYOHW+DVWDQHVL
0]H0GUOĊ +×]×U$FLO
*]HO\XUW7XUL]P'DQ×ċPD <DQJ×Q
%URVX
3ROLV
,KODUD9DGLVL*LULċL*LċH
-DQGDUPD
Valilik
75
+NPHW.RQDĊ×
76
.OWUHO0LUDVdRN.×U×OJDQG×U
'Q\DGDNL NOWUHO PLUDV E\N ELU \DSER] JLELGLU
+HU HVHU KHU FLVLP EX UHVPLQ \HUL GROGXUXODPD] ELU
SDUoDV×G×U +HU ELUL EL]H N|NHQOHULPL] JHOLċPHPL]
YH EXJQN \DċDPODU×P×] KDNN×QGD ELOJL YHULU GLĊHU
NOWUOHUL DQODPDP×]D YH WDNGLU HWPHPL]H \DUG×P
HGHU +HU NHċLI KHU \HQL WHUFPH EX \DSER]D ELU
SDUoD GDKD HNOHPHNWH YH UHVPL GDKD DQODċ×O×U KDOH
JHWLUPHNWHGLU *HOHFHN QHVLOOHULQ GH D\Q× RODQDNODUD
VDKLS RODELOPHVL LoLQ KHU ELU SDUoDQ×Q NRUXQPDV×Q×
VDĊODPDN]RUXQGD\×]
%XJQELUoRNLQVDQNOWUHOPLUDV×QGHSUHPYHVHOJLEL
DQL GRĊDO IHODNHWOHUGHQ NLUOHQPH JLEL \DYDċ LOHUOH\HQ
VUHoOHUGHQ YH LQVDQO×Ċ×Q GLĊHU IDDOL\HWOHULQGHQ
ND\QDNODQDQ ULVNOHUH PDUX] NDOG×Ċ×Q×Q ELOLQFLQGH
GHĊLOGLU(VNLo|POHNOHUGHQ\DGDPR]DLNOHUGHQKDW×UD
DPDF×\OD NoN SDUoDODU DO×QPDV× JLEL HQ PDVXP
J|UOHQ KDUHNHWOHU ELOH ELQOHUFH NLċL WDUDI×QGDQ
WHNUDUODQG×Ċ×QGD \×N×F× ELU |]HOOLN J|VWHUPHNWHGLU
7HNVWLO WDċ \D GD PHWDO ELU QHVQH\H GRNXQXOPDV×
RQXQ ]HULQGH \DĊ L]L \D GD WHUGHQ ND\QDNODQDQ DVLW
E×UDNPDNWDG×U %LU WDULKL \DS×\D W×UPDQ×OPDV× RQXQ
Dċ×QPDV×QD YH GDĊ×OPDV×QD QHGHQ ROPDNWDG×U <D]×
\D]×OPDV× \D GD LVLP ND]×QPDV× JLGHULOPHVL LPNDQV×]
]DUDUODUDQHGHQROPDNWDG×U'DUYHNDODEDO×NRUWDPODUGD
E\NSRċHWOHUOH\DGDV×UWoDQWDODU×LOHGRODċ×OPDV×ELU
SDUoD\× GHYLUHELOLU \D GD GXYDUGDNL ELU UHVPL oL]HUHN
WDKULS ROPDV×QD QHGHQ RODELOLU )DUN×QGD ROPDGDQ
NOWUHOPLUDV×Q\RNHGLOPHVLQHNDWN×GDEXOXQGXĊXPX]
VD\×V×]\ROYDUG×U
7h5.Ĉ<(
78
79
7&.OWUYH7XUL]P%DNDQO×ď×
7DQ×WPD*HQHO0GUOď
www.kulturturizm.gov.tr
www.goturkey.com
0HWLQ
$NVDUD\.OWUYH7XUL]P0GUOĊ
*UDÀN7DVDU×P
$60('<$
7HO
ZZZDVPHG\DFRPWU
)RWRĊUDÁDU
$GHP.RoDN$OHY+DQ$\ċH8OX.XUWDUDQ
'XUVXQDOL6DU×NRo)DKUL$\oLQ
0XUDWgFDO5DXI0LVNL6DYDċ8OXND\D6×WN×)×UDW
$NVDUD\YH.OWUYH7XUL]P%DNDQO×Ċ×$UċLYL
%DVN×
%DċDN0DWEDDF×O×NYH7DQ×W×P+L]/WGĉWL
7HO)D[
$QNDUD
hFUHWVL]GLU
80
80