Professional Documents
Culture Documents
307Th Commandant and Staff: Seniors Names and Ranks
307Th Commandant and Staff: Seniors Names and Ranks
CDR ROSIE REY M MUSIL PN - Commandant M/LT RABINO REYNAN JAY O-3CL CL53-A-2019
LCDR RUEL M GUTIERREZ PN Asst Commandant M/LT SARMIENTO JENNESSY ALLEN A O-3CL CL53-A-
2019
PO2 HAZELl H TRONIO PN POIC Admin
M/LT SENORIN MARK CHRISTIAN M O-3CL CL53-A-
PO3 ADRIAN ARMEDILLA PN
2019
Training Staff
MW/LT TOLENTINO JUDYTH T O-3CL CL53-A-2019
1LT Richard C Limciaco PA(Res)
MW/LT VELASCO JEANELLE C O-3CL CL53-A-
GMA
2019 M/LT VICENCIO DANZEL L O-3CL CL53-A-
EO3 NELSON Y CALINGASAN JR PN(Res)
2019
GMA
-responsible for recalling reservists to provide the PN the NAVAL RESERVE CENTER
base for expansion to meet sudden spikes in military
Naval Reserve Center - National Capital Region The Reserve Officer’s Training Corps (ROTC), which is
(NRCen-NCR) hereby made optional and voluntary upon the effectivity of
this Act.
Naval Reserve Center - Northern
Luzon (NRCen-NL) The Literacy Training Services (LTS);
Naval Reserve Center - Southern Luzon and
(NRCen-SL)
The Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)
Naval Reserve Center - West (NRCen-W)
Sec. 11, Rule V, IRR to R. A. 9163 (Organization of NSTP BRIEF HISTORY OF THE AFP
Graduates):
The AFP identifies itself with the Filipino people’s historical
1. Graduates of the CWTS and LTS components of the struggles for freedom and justice and their vigilance
NSTP shall belong to the National Service Reserve Corps against any attempt to violate the country’s integrity and
(NSRC) and could be tapped by the state for literacy and sovereignty.
civic welfare activities, through the joint efforts of DND,
CHED and TESDA, in coordination with DILG, DSWD and The AFP as the embodiment of the cherished martial
other concerned agencies/ associations. values and traditions of the Filipino people, traces its roots
to certain historical events foremost of which is the Battle
2. The CHED, TESDA and DND, in consultation with other of Mactan on 27 April 1521 where Lapu-Lapu, the
concerned government agencies, shall issue the acknowledge father of the AFP, first signaled our love for
necessary guidelines for the establishment, organization, freedom.
maintenance and utilization of the National Reserve
Corps. The Dagohoy, Revolt in 1744, the Muslim resistance and
other similar uprisings against Spanish colonialism, the
3. Graduates of the ROTC program shall form part of founding of the Katipunan on 07 July 1892 by Andres
the Citizen Armed Force, pursuant to R. A. 7077, Bonifacio, considered as the father of the Philippine Army,
subject to the requirements of DND the Tejeros convention on 22 March 1897 which
proclaimed officially our desire for complete independence
Sec. 13, Rule VI, IRR to R. A. 9163 (Transitory and thereafter gave birth to the Philippine Army.
Provisions): Subsequently, the Philippine Navy was created on 20 May
1898.
1. Students who are currently enrolled but have not taken
any of the Military Service (MS), Civic Welfare Service On 12 June 1898, the Philippine Independence was
(CWS) or Law Enforcement Service (LES) programs declared at Kawit, Cavite, and for the first time, the
shall be covered by the NSTP law. Philippine Flag was unfurled by General Emilio Aguinaldo
and our National Hymn was played. The Filipino-American
2. Students who have completed two (2) semesters of
hostilities between 1898 and 1899 further demonstrated
the Expanded ROTC (E-ROTC. National Service Training
the Filipino soldier’s best in terms of honor, valor, loyalty,
Program) are deemed to have complied with the NSTP
duty and solidarity despite the overwhelming superiority of
law.
the enemy forces. To hasten the Philippine campaign on
3. Students who are not covered by Section 13 of peace and order, the Philippine Military Academy was
this Rule and have taken only one (1) semester or organized on 25 October 1898. By virtue of the National
Basic ROTC or E-ROTC/ NSTP, shall be take one Defense Act enacted officially on 21 December 1935, The
more semester of any NSTP components to qualify Armed Forces of the Philippines was created.
for graduation purposes.
RA 7077
The President is the Commander-In-Chief of the AFP.
"Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act", He/She exercises strategic direction over the personnel
was enacted by the 8th Congress of the Philippines on 27 and the resources of the military establishments through
June 1991 provided for organization, training and the Secretary of the Department of National Defense, who
utilization of reservists, referred to in the Act as "Citizen also represents his/her in the executive function and in the
Soldiers" supervision of the Defense Program of the country.
Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) The Chief of Staff, AFP executes the command functions
of the President in relation to strategy, tactics and
-is one of three components of the National Service operations. He is also the immediate adviser of the
Training Program, the civic education and defense Secretary of National Defense Program as prescribed by
preparedness program for Filipino college students. the Secretary of National Defense. The Chief of Staff has
command and control over all the elements of the AFP.
-aims to provide military education and training for
students to mobilize them for national defense The organizational structure of AFP provided for
preparedness centralized direction and control of GHQ to ensure unity of
efforts, and the operations of the Major Services and other
-Its specific objectives include preparation of college separate units are decentralized to achieve maximum
students for service in the Armed Forces of the Philippines operational efficiency.
in theevent of an emergency and their training to
Regular Force is the permanent military organization
which is maintained in time of peace and war.
“To organize, train, equip, deploy and maintain forces for -All of these are not true. Discipline is that condition
prompt and sustained naval and maritime operations in wherein men work and get well together for the
support of the AFP mission.” accomplishment of group mission. It is that climate of
orderliness where individuals execute commands and
AFP RESERVE COMMAND follow regulations exactly as a result of intelligent and
reasoned obedience
-Was organized as an AFP-wide support andseparate unit
on 01 April 1993 pur to General Order No. 22 GHQ, AFP -Just like in civilian world, the observance of military
dated 02 March 1993 and Republic Act No. 7077, courtesy serves to smoothen the personal relationship
otherwise known as the Armed Forces of the Philippines among men in the profession of arms and strengthen the
Reservist Act as a base for the rapid expansion of the bond between them. They must be thoroughly familiar with
Armed Forces of the Philippines in times of emergency. the different forms of military courtesy and must be able to
confidently practice them.
-Is premised on a dedication to service, faced with the
challenge of being in a constant state of readiness and Definition OF TERMS
responsiveness if it is to back up the regular army. Is
actively involved in the administration and utilization of the Military Courtesy - the written, officially prescribed code of
Air Force reservist. deportment for members of the military establishments
-Tasked to oversee and administer all Naval Reservists in Military Discipline - defined as the willingness to accept
our country, in order to provide the Navy not only a base with conviction and without reservation the necessity for a
for expansion in the event of war, invasion, rebellion, or common law that rules and coordinate the effort of a group
disaster and calamity relief but also to assist in socio-
Morale - the mental state and spirit of an individual or unit.
economic development of the country.
Naval Reserve Center Southern Luzon Teamwork - is particularly important in military operations
(Legaspi City) where its presence or lack of it may very well spell the
difference between victory or defeat.
Naval Reserve CenterWest
(Palawan) With discipline - a soldier learns a sense of obligation
to himself and to his comrades; to his commander and
Naval Reserve Center Eastern Visayas
the entire organizations.
(Cebu City) entire Visayas, Leyte, Samar
The ultimate objective of military discipline therefore
is unit efficiency in battle – to ensure that a unit
performs its role correctly that it reaches its objectives,
accomplishes its assigned mission and helps other units to
accomplish their mission.
When boarding a navy ship in which the national Flag is When in company with a senior, you always walk on his
flying, all persons in the naval service upon reaching the left or put him on your right. This also applies aboard in
upper platform of the accommodation ladder or shipboard any vehicle
end of the prow, face the national flag, and salute, then
salute the Officer of the Deck (OOD). 7. Reporting.
When leaving the ship, salute first the OOD and then the When reporting on deck or outdoors ashore, one is
national Flag.. covered and salute accordingly. When reporting to an
officer, he uncovers upon approaching the senior, salute
2. In Boats. and state his business.
c) Coxswain in charge of boats rise and salute all officers Officers will know seniority of those with whom they are
entering or leaving the boat. All members of the crew frequent contact. If seniority is unknown, the safest way
when the boat is not underway and not carrying an and the best rule is to salute mutually and without say.
officer comes alongside, leaves the side, or passes near Sentries at gangway salute all officers going or coming
them. If the boat awning are spread, the men sit at over the side and when passing or being passed by
attention and render hand salute w/out rising. officers close aboard in boats.
The same general rules of saluting apply as on board When not walking render the salute in the position of a
navy ship. Salute the Captain and all officers senior to you soldier at attention. When walking, continue and render
on all occasions, salute all other officers on first meeting the salute within a recognizable distance ( 5 paces) Hand
salute is rendered smartly. The salute is made whether
headgear is worn or not
c. How to Salute:
Striker – a term that applies to an individual in the pay Post- The place or area where a sentry is stationed or
grade E1 to E3. the place where a member of the guard other than the
sentry is required to be when not performing duties
Petty Officer – a term that applies to an individual in the elsewhere.
pay grade E4 to E7
Patrol Post- A post within a sentry prescribed his own
INTERIOR GUARD DUTIES route, within specified limits, or has his route prescribed
for him.
-An interior guard duty system is installed to preserve
order, protect property, and enforce military regulations. Fixed Post- A post within the limits of which a sentry is not
Security is part of the commander’s responsibility. required to more about appreciable for the performance of
this duty.
Normally, an interior guard system is composed ofthe
following: Guardhouse- A building, tent or other location
designated as the headquarters of the guard.
Field Officer of the Day (FOD)
Detain- The action of any person so authorized used to
Officer of the Day (OOD) secure the custody of an illegal offender until proper
authority may be noticed.
Commander of the Guard (COG)
FUNCTION AND GENERAL DUTIES OF PERSONNEL
Sergeant of the Guard (SOG)
Field Officer of the Day(FOD) FOD - A field grade officer
Relief Commander for each relief detailed as FOD is the Commanding Officer’s personal
representative. His primary concern is the proper
Sentinel of the guard supervision in the performance of duty of the interior
guards.
DEFINITION
Officer of the Day (OOD)OOD - The OOD is responsible
Countersign- Consist of a secret challenge and reply to aid for the proper performance of duty by the main guards. He
the guards/sentinels in the scrutiny of persons who apply is charged with executing all orders of the commanding
to pass the lines or it may be defined as a secret officer relating to interior duty guard.
challenge and the secret password.
Commander of the Guard (COG) COG - He is responsible
Challenge- The command, “HALT, WHO IS THERE?” for the instruction, discipline, and performance of the
given by a sentry is used to cause an unidentified person guards.
or party to halt and be identified.
Sergeant of the Guard (SOG) SOG - The SOG is the
Password- Word or a distinctive sound used to answer overall supervisor over the other NCO and sentinel of the
a challenge, identifies the person or party desiring to guards. He takes over as commander of the guards in
enter or pass and is always a secret. case no one else is detailed as such.
To walk my post in a military manner, keeping always on To report all violations of orders I am instructed to enforce.
the alert and observing everything that takes place
within sight or hearing. General Orders No. 4
To repeat all calls from posts more distant from the by the punitive articles of war. To be more specific, the
guardhouse than my own. term “persons subject to military law” refers to the
following:
General Orders No. 5
MILITARY JURISDICTION
To quit my post only when properly relieved.
1. All officers and enlisted personnel in the regular force of
General Orders No. 6
the AFP.
To receive, obey and pass to the sentinel who relieves me
2. All reservists from the date of their call to active
all orders from the Commanding Officer, Officer of the Day
duty and while on such active duty.
Commissioned and Non - Commissioned Officers of the
guard only. PERSONS SUBJECT TO MILITARY LAW
General Orders No. 7 3. All cadets of the PMA and PAF Flying School, and
Probationary Lieutenants on actual training.
To talk to no one except in line of duty.
4. All trainees undergoing military instructions.
General Orders No. 8
-Retainers to camp and all persons accompanying or
To give an alarm in case of fire and disorders.
serving with the AFP in the field in time of war or when
General Orders No. 9 martial law is declared.
To call the Commander of the Guard in any case not -All persons under sentence adjudged by a court-martial
covered by instructions. or military tribunal.
General Orders No. 10 -Articles of war were promulgated effective September 14,
1938 when the unicameral Philippine National Assembly
To salute all Officers and all Colors and Standard not enacted Commonwealth Act No. 408 which became the
cased. basic law that gave the guidance and operations of the
country’s Armed Forces, there are 120 Articles, most of
General Orders No. 11 which are lifted from US Uniform Code of Military Justice.
To be especially watchful at night during the time for PUNITIVE ARTICLES OF WAR
challenging and to challenge all persons on or near my
post and to allow no one to pass without proper authority. -It is for this reason that our articles of war had the same
substance as the American Military Code of 1928 which
MILITARY JUSTICE was found applicable to Philippine conditions.
-The military justice system was meant to enable 1. Article 54 - Fraudulent enlistment
commanders to disposed personnel problems in their
units in the most expeditious manner. Speedy disposition 2. Article 55 - Officer making unlawful enlistment
of cases preserves discipline, promotes justice and
enhances the attainment of the Commander’s mission. 3. Article 56 - False muster
-In concept, the military justice system is designed to 4. Article 57 - False returns or omission to render returns
enforce discipline and administer justice in the military
5. Article 58 - Acts to constitute desertion
service, and it is composed of four (4) components:
6. Article 59 - Punishment for Desertion
1. Investigation - is the process of looking into the
circumstances of a case for the purpose of verifying 7. Article 60 - Advising or Aiding Another to Desert
and establishing the facts.
8. Article 61 - Entertaining a Deserter
2. Prosecution - the accusation of a crime before a
legal tribunal. 9. Article 62 - Absence Without Leave
3.Trial or adjudication - a legal action before a judge 10. Article 63 - Disrespect Toward the President, Vice
and jury. President, Prime Minister, Chairman of the National
Assembly or Minister of National Defense
4. Judgment or decision - punishment given to
the accused who committed such crime. 11. Article 64 - Disrespect toward Superior Officer
DIVISIONS OF MILITARY JUSTICE SYSTEM 12. Article 65 - Assaulting or willfully disobeying Superior
Officer
mutiny or sedition
19. Article 72 - Refusal or receive and keep prisoners 23. Article 76 - Misbehavior before the enemy
20. Article 73 - Report of prisoners received 24. Article 77 - Subordinate compelling Commander to
surrender
21. Article 74 - Releasing prisoner without proper authority
25. Article 78 - Improper use of countersign
26. Article 79 - Forcing a safeguard Commanding Officer of a garrison, camp, brigade,
regiment, detached battalion or other detached command
27. Article 80 - Captured property to be secured for public
or commissioned vessel.
service
C. Summary Court Martial
28. Article 81 - Dealing in captured or abandoned property
An entirely different case would be the trial by a summary
29. Article 82 - Relieving, corresponding with or aiding
court martial where its proceedings are much faster. Since
the enemy
it has at least one member who sits as president, trial
30. Article 83 - Spies judge advocate (TJA) and defense council at the same
time, and since its jurisdiction as to person, offense, and
31. Article 84 - Military property, willful or negligent loss punishment is limited. A summary court martial can
dispose of a certain case in the most expeditious manner.
32. Article 85 - Waste or unlawful disposition of
military property issued to soldiers The commission or tribunal play the same role as court-
martial. During martial law, which was in effect throughout
33. Article 86 - Drunk on duty the country from 1972 to 1981, these commissions or
tribunals tried cases referred to them in the same
34. Article 87 - Misbehavior of sentinel expeditious way. Even civilians who committed offenses
not triable by courts martial fell under the jurisdiction of
35. Article 88 - Personal interest in sale of provisions these special bodies whose proceedings were in
accordance with procedural law.
36. Article 88A – Unlawfully influencing action of court
MILITARY COMMISSION OR TRIBUNAL
37. Article 89 - Intimidating of persons bringing provisions
A valid example of this case is that of a Chinese national
38. Article 90 - Good order to be maintained and who was accused of drug pushing and distribution and
wrong redressed was found guilty by a military commission and meted out
the death penalty thru musketry.
Sec. 5 No law shall be made respecting an establishment Sec. 6 The liberty of abode and of changing the same
of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free within the limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired
exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right
worship without discrimination or preference, shall forever to travel be impaired except in the interest of national
security, public safety, or public health, as may be Sec. 19 Excessive fines shall not be imposed nor cruel,
provided by law. degrading or in human punishment inflicted. Neither shall
death penalty be imposed.
Sec. 7 The right of the people to information on matters of
public concern shall be recognized. Sec. 20 No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-
payment of a poll tax.
Sec. 8 The right of the people, including those employed
in the public and private sectors, to form unions, Sec. 21 No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of
associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law punishment for the same offense.
shall not be abridged.
Sec.15 The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not Collection of Information
be suspended except in case of invasion or rebellion when
the public safety requires it. Processing or Production of Intelligence
Sec. 16 All persons shall have the right to a speedy Dissemination and Use of the Resulting Intelligence
disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial
or administrative bodies -is a crucial phase in the production of intelligence for it is
here that we determine the intelligence requirements to
Sec. 17 No person shall be compelled to be a witness support the Commander’s mission.
against himself.
-is here also that we determine which collection agencies
Sec. 18 are to exploit which source.
STEP 1:
REQUIREMENTS-GUIDELINES ability, obstacles, roads and rail conditions and
susceptibility to flooding.
C. Weather and Terrain – weather information may be
required to determine its effect on the enemy and the D. Order of Battle - when the enemy situation is vague,
terrain. Terrain data includes cross-country traffic and for purposes of long range planning, order of battle
factors maybe the basis for intelligence requirements. 1. Definition: the part of the cycle whereby an Information
is recorded, evaluated and interpreted. The end result of
E. Next Major Decision – future operations are
which becomes intelligence.
considered. If the intelligence does not plan ahead, the
commander, will find himself ready to continue the work 2. Three (3) Related Parts of Processing:
/attack, but the information of intelligence needed.
a. Recording
F. Preventing Surprise of the Command - required in
order to avoid tactical surprise. b. Evaluation
G. Information Needs of Higher or Adjacent Units - c. Interpretation
each level of command will normally be assigned
collection mission by higher, lower & adjacent PROCESSING OR PRODUCTION OF INTELLIGENCE
headquarters.
a. Recording
Essential Elements of Information (EEIs)
- mechanical process whereby all collected
Commander’s highest priority requirements. information recognized in a ready usable form.
-Obtained items of information and or intelligence needed - Reduces all available info, thus making interpretation
by the Commander at a particular time in making easier and more accurate.
decision with an acceptable degree of confidence
Tools used in Recording:
-Information about the enemy and the area of operation
that the Commander must have to arrive at a reasonably A. Intelligence journal
sound decision during a particular phase of an operation.
B. Intelligence worksheet
STEP 2: INTELLIGENCE PRIORITIES
C. Enemy situation map
b. Other Intelligence Requirements (OIRs)
D. Intelligence files
- those items of information needed by the
Commander but are not his highest priority.
Collection Worksheet – either written or oral, whereby an b. Evaluation - the examination of information to determine
Intelligence Officer takes the intelligence requirements its pertinence or value in the production of intelligence, the
as announced by the Commander. reliability of its source or agency and, its credibility or
accuracy.
Collection Agency – it is an individual or unit which
systematically exploits the source of information in order to
gain the desired information.
Evaluation rating
Intelligence Specialists – individuals trained in the
specialized aspects of intelligence. Organic to the military Reliability of source and
organization.
agency Probable Accuracy
Ex: ob specialist; interrogators; photo interpreters
A - completely reliable 1 - confirmed
Troops - soldiers and their units.
B - usually reliable 2 - probably true
ex: battalion; div corps; field army
C - fairly reliable 3 - possibly true
Special Units - units dealing in the collection of
information. D - not usually reliable 4 - doubtfully reliable
CATEGORIZE OF COLLECTION AGENCIES E - unreliable 5 - improbable
1. Definition- the systematic extraction of the F - judge 6 - truth can't be judge
information from source.
2. Primary consideration:
C. Interpretation - determining the significance of
A. Source of information – the actual origin of the information with respect to information and intelligence
information. (Person, things, detectable enemy already at hand and the drawing of conclusions as to the
activity) probable meaning of the evaluated
B. Collection agencies – this topic has been
discussed under planning collection effort.
Three (3) Components of Interpretation:
COLLECTION OF INFORMATION
1. Analysis - the examination of information with selected
emphasis in the light of what has been previously
known.
-Signals are used to transmit commands or information - 5. ARM AND HAND SIGNAL
when radio and other means of communication are not
available or during instances when silence must be Arm and hand signal are often made a part of a unit’s SOP
maintained. and it may vary from one unit to another. This silent
means of relaying commands to the men are usually used
-The use of signals is particularly useful during conduct of during patrols or infiltration missions when silence is
patrols or during the thick of firefight where verbal extremely important. Following are the standard arm and
commands are difficult to understand. hand signals. However, you may device your own for your
unit, but be sure your men understand their meanings
-The use of signals are generally embodied in a unit ‘s before you use them.
Standing Operating Procedures (SOP) and all members
are expected to know them by heart.
Disperse. Extend your either arm vertically overhead. The major disadvantage of the use of radio is that it is the
Wave the hand and arm to the front, left, right and rear least secured means of communication. Since the radio
with your palm facing towards the direction of each operates on the principle of transmitting electromagnetic
movement. waves. The enemy with his own radio set and a little
knowledge of the types of radio government forces use,
Forward, Advance to the Right (Left). This signal is could easily intercept our transmissions.
always used when starting from a halt. Face and move in
the desired direction of the march and at the same time It is on this regard that you should observe radio
discipline at all times. You should therefore, always
assume that the enemy is listening whenever you use the
radio.
This brings us to the purposes behind the use of phonetic BREAK . . BREAK Emergency, stop your conversation
alphabet which are as follows: and allow me to use this net for a very
urgent transmission
a. To prevent the radio operator from getting
confused when confronted with words having similar
sounds.
BASIC SURVIVAL TRAINING
b. To spell out words that are difficult to pronounce.
Survival
Call signs are used to identify each station within a radio
Is the action of staying alive in the field with limited
net. This is one security aspect of radio communication
resources. You must try to survive when you become
that prevents the entry of an unauthorized entity into the
separated from your unit, evading the enemy or during the
net. The improper use of call signs may signify that a
time you are a prisoner.
violation is already committed
Survival requires a knowledge of how to live off the land &
PROWORDS EXPLANATION/MEANING
take care of yourself.
V- Value living
ROGER I have received your last transmission A- Act like the natives
satisfactorily.
L- Live by your wits
WILCO I will comply to your instruction.
SURVIVAL TECHNIQUES
- Remember that if you will not deliberately plan your 3. REMEMBER WHERE YOU ARE.
moves you are bound to waste a lot of your energies
and resources. - Carefully plan all your movements so that you will not get
lost.
- Keep yourself calm, take stock of the resources available
to you and plan how you are going to utilize them to - Always remember where you are in relation to the enemy
survive. controlled areas and the location of friendly units and
controlled areas.
- You should also know the location of local water sources. Jungle Survival Techniques
4. VANQUISH FEAR AND PANIC With training and your “will to survive’, you will find you
can overcome the obstacles you may face.
- Take control of your fears and do not panic.
Pointers on how to survive in tropical jungle:
- You can reduce the adverse effects of fear by hoping
for the best but expecting and preparing for the worst A) Prepare for bed early while there is still light.
eventuality.
B) Be ready for sudden drops of temperature
- Maintain your optimistic attitude and learn to accept
the fact that the situation may further turn to worst. C) Protect yourself against insects.
5. IMPROVISE D) Use your clothing to protect you against scratches.
Be resourceful and try to make do with available materials E) Do not be bothered by the strange & unknown sounds.
in the area to improve your living conditions.
F) Avoid making camp on depressions and low areas. Do
Learn to subsist and live with unpleasant conditions that not camp below ravines and cliffs which may be eroded by
you may encounter. the rain.
- Improvise a shelter OBTAINING FOOD
6. VALUE LIVING - Food is necessary for survival since the nutrients
they provide keep the body organs functions.
- Never lose hope and remain a true fighter.
A) Plant Food. There is a wide variety of edible plants,
- Preserve your health and conserve your strength. however, you must be knowledgeable in choosing
which plants, or which of its parts are edible.
- Think of your loved ones who are concerned and
are praying for your safe return. B) Animal Food. Animal food contains the most food value
per unit weight. Generally anything that swims, flies,
- Never forget your goal to “get out alive”.
crawls or creeps is a possible source of food.
7. ACT LIKE THE NATIVES
A) Plant Food.
- Learn the methods and techniques that are used
Find out from the natives which of the plants thriving in
to survive by the indigenous people living in the
the area are edible.
area.
Watch which of the leaves, fruits, and any native plants
- Befriend to them that they may help you survive in
are being eaten by the local fauna.
their natural environment.
Apply the Universal Edibility Test, if you have slightest
- Know when, where and how they get their food
doubt as to the edibility of a plant.
and where they get their water.
Do not eat unknown plants that have the ff characteristics:
8. LEARN BASIC SURVIVAL SKILLS
Have a milky sap
- Learn from the local residents in the area some
basic survival skills on how to catch wild animals for Look like a mushroom and fungi.
food.
Resemble onion or garlic.
- Build shelter from available materials for your
protection against the harsh elements. Have carrot-like leaves, roots or tubers.
- Live by your wits to constantly improve your chances B) Animal Food.
of survival.
All four legged animals
JUNGLE SURVIVAL
All eggs and insects larvae
Most reptiles
Freezing- if the air is cold, you can freeze the meat after
cutting in thin strips
This lesson is to enable you to read a map and apply the
Drying- airdry the meat, hang it in the wind and hot su theories, principles and techniques that are considered
essential in the total development of small unit leaders.
Smoking – to smoke, you will need an enclosed area
Map - is a geographical representation of the earth
Salting – to make salt, boil the salt water or simply leave surface drawn to a scale in a flat plane.
under the sun a pool of sea water for several days
Importance of map:
LOCATING SOURCE OF WATER.
A) Used for strategic, tactical planning in all command.
- Water is one of your most urgent needs in a
survival situation. B)Used to show the relative position on a certain
given area.
a) Purify Contaminated Water
C) Used to show accurate distance, location, best routes
b) Collect Rain Water and key terrain features.
c) Locate Sites for Wells D) Used to avoid lost & keep alive.
e) Construct Survival Water Still A) Proper folding by: accordion fold or slit fold.
Safe from flooding C) Avoid indication of plans or area of interest in the map.
Erosion
in Near your source of water. : The term military map includes all maps designed for use
of military authorities except aeronautics & hydrographic
BUILDING FIRE charts.
A fire can fulfill several needs: Scale - is expressed as a fraction and gives the ratio of
map distance to ground distance.
Keep you warm
A) Small scale - scale of 1:600,000 and smaller (used for
It can keep you dry general panning for strategic studies at the high
echelon).
To cook food
B) Medium scale - larger than 1:600,000 but smaller than
Purify water 1:75,000 (for planning operations, including the movement
and concentration of troops and supplies).
Signal
C) Large scale - scale of 1:75,000 and larger (for
tactical technical and administrative needs of field
units.)
Types of maps:
Topographic colors:
Military symbols – a symbol used by the map user when A. Military colors:
he wants to show the disposition of troops and overlaying
of military installation. Blue – all friendly forces, installations, activities and
firepower. 6 digits nearest to 100 meters
2) Red – all enemy forces, installation and 8 digits nearest to 10 meters
activities (double lines means enemy).
10 digits nearest to 1 meter
3) yellow – shows grassed or contaminated areas
maybe the result of either friendly or enemy actions.
2) Branch arm of service and type – organization symbol – GC– 02385578 GC– 89052564
used in conjunction either other symbols to signify a
military unit activity or installation.
3) Size of unit – used to identify the size of a unit Grid coordinates(GC)–nearest to 1 meter(10 digits)
or installation.
GC – 1732301702 GC – 1914102520
GC – 0238855780 GC – 8905725642
Grids and Coordinates:
Graphic (bar) scale – is the most accurate means of
Grids - are parallel lines from east to west, north or south measuring distance on a map. It is the ruler printed on the
that forms a square used as a reference system to help map on which distances on the map may be measured as
the map reader locate areas quickly. actual ground distance.
Coordinates - are the numbered grid lines on the map and Graphic scale is divided into 2 parts:
are further subdivided to show specified location.
1. Primary scale – distance from zero mark to the right.
Geographic coordinates – the location of any point of the
earth surface maybe given by stating into its distance 2. Scale extension – from the zero mark to the left. This
north or south of the equator (latitude) and east or west of is divided into ten (10) equal parts to enable more
prime meridian (longtitude). accurate measurements.
Grid coordinates - the military grid system divides the Degrees = 360 degrees(1) one circle
earth surface into many 100,000 meter squares. Each of
Mils = 6,400 mils (1) one circle
these squares are further subdivided into 1,000 meter
squares. The 1,000 meter squares is the basis of the Grad = 400 grads (1) one circle
military grid system which is used in reading military map.
360 degrees = 6,400 mils
Grid square - can be located or identified by combining the
number of the vertical grid line and horizontal grid line 1 degree = 17.8 mils
which intersect at the lower left corner of the square.
90 degrees = 100 grads
Characteristics of grids:
1 degree = 60 minutes
- Does not requires knowledge of the area
1 minute = 60 seconds
- Applied to large areas
1 click in compass = 3 degrees
- Does not requires land marks
Three (3) basic lines
- Applies to all map scales
True north = always constant
Locating points within a grid squares:
Magnetic north= when working with a compass
4 digits nearest to 1,000 meters
Grid north = when working with a mil map
Definition:
Types of contour: B. Intermediate contour – are the four lighter contour lines
drawn between the index contours.
A. Index contour – every fifth contour line is an inches
line and is indicated by heavier brown line. C. Supplementary contour – represents half intervals
between intermediate contours and is shown by brown
lines.
D. Depression contour – an area that is lower in A. Lensatic compass
elevation that all the surroundings terrain is indicated tick
marks pointing down slope. B. Artillery compass
E. Approximate contour - are broken lines of the same Care and use of compass
thickness and type as the contour replayed.
1. Handle the compass with care. The dial is set at
Contour lines to identify ground forms a delicate balance and a shock could damage.
A. Hills –series of concentric contour lines which 2. Close and return the compass to its special container
gradually grow smaller, ending with a small closed when not in use.
contour line in the center.
3. When the compass is used in the dark, an initial
B. Peaks of hill tops – a small closed, relatively circular azimuth should be set
contour at the center of the series of concentric
contour line. 4. Compass reading should never be taken near
visible masses of iron or electrical circuits
C. Ridges – series of connecting peak or a valley floor.
Parts of lensatic compass
D. Saddles – is a low point between two peaks along
the crest of a ridges. 1. Luminous dot 9. Lens
E. Spur –that form a series of successive rounded 2. Cover 10. Eye piece
u shapes.
3. Front sight (hair line) 11. Holding ring
F. Cliff C– lines that form a series of successive v-
shape, a stream course that neither has nor developed a 4. Dial 12. 90 degrees dot
valley floor.
5. Stationary index 13. 180 degs dot
Two types of azimuth
6. Movable brass rim 14. 270 degs dot
A) Forward azimuth(FA)
7. Scale 15. Movable crystal
B) Back azimuth(BA)
a. Long luminous line 16. Rim holder
Procedure on how to get the Back Azimuth
b. 45 degs luminous line
When the FA is less than 180 degrees, add 180 degrees
8. Rear sight
Ex: FA = 75 degrees
The compass and its uses Locate two or three unknown positions on the ground
and mark them on the map.
The magnetic compass is the most commonly used and
simplest instrument for measuring direction and angles in 3. Measure the magnetic azimuth to a known position;
the field. convert to grid azimuth.
Two varieties : 4. Change the grid azimuth to a back azimuth and draw a
line on the map from the known position back toward your
unknown position.
Contour line