Meeting will start in a moment...

GRAN
dia!
 UE
B !N
dia

Meeting will start in a moment...

Salamat at narito ka.

Thanks for being here today!

Gracias por estar aqui hoy!

Let us seize the day!

#GOODVIBES

 Is your mind in gear today?

BATTLE
of the
ANCIENT

BRAINS
 Heads up!

In your respective groups, prepare the following:

a. strong internet connectivity; and
b. one extra mobile, tablet, or laptop device
The team will assign:
- a leader
- 1 member who will serve as the responder to the interactive game
(QUIZIZZ)
Important note: The team may create a group chat for consolidating
your answers in every question on the game. Teamwork is highly
required. Do a consensus for each answers on the questions.
Mind in gear today?

The leader will take note of the responsive members on the group
work.

The code will be sent by the discussants on the given time.

The responder shall carefully name the group on the joining team
section of the Quizizz.

Be as accurate and as fast as you can in processing the questions.

Break a leg! Have fun learning :))



LET THE BATTLE

BEGIN!

Congratulations!
Let us travel
BACK IN TIME

Philippine
Literature
under
SPANISH COLONIALISM
(1565-1897)
 Destinations:

Revisiting the Antecedent of
1 Philippine Literature in Spanish Times

2 Meeting the Prominent Filipino
Writers and their Works

3 On the Buds of "The Flowers
of Heidelberg" by Jose Rizal

4 Spotting Rizal's Noli Me Tangere

and El Filibusterismo through
Marxism and Formalism
 REVISITING THE ANTECEDENT OF
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
IN SPANISH TIMES

Spanish colonization of the Philippines started in 1565

during the time of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first
Spanish governor-general in the Philippines. Literature
started to flourish during his time. The spurt continued
unabated until the Cavite Revolt in 1872.

1. Spanish language became the

literary language this time 4. Grammar books were
2. European legends and traditions printed in Filipino
3. Ancient literature was collected 5. Religious tone
and translated to Tagalog
In 1863, the Spanish government introduced a system of free public education that
increased the population's ability to read Spanish and thereby furthered the rise of an
educated class called the Ilustrado (meaning, well-informed). Spanish became the
social language of urban places and the true lingua franca of the archipelago.

A good number of Spanish newspapers were published

until the end of the 1940s, the most influential of them
being El Renacimiento, printed in Manila by members of
the Guerrero de Ermita family. Some members of the
ilustrado group, while in Spain, decided to start a Spanish
publication with the aim of promoting the autonomy and
independence projects.
Until the 19th century, the printing presses were owned and managed by the religious
orders (Lumbera, p.13). Thus, religious themes dominated the culture of the
Christianized majority. But the native oral literature, whether secular or mythic religious
continued.
Philippine Literature in Spanish can be divided into stages of development
namely:

1. Works of Spanish Religious About 4. The Golden Age (1903-1966)

the Philippines (1593-1800) 5. Modern Works (1966-present)
2. Formative Stage (1800-1873) 6. Spanish religious works about
3. Nationalist Stage (1873-1903) the Philippines (1593 1800)
 SPANISH INFLUENCES
ON PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

Roman Alphabet
The first Filipino alphabet was called as Baybayin but was replaced by the Roman
Alphabet.

Christian Doctrine
The teaching of Christian Doctrine became the
basis of religious practices. Philippine literature
during this era was classified either religious or
secular, and that religious practices had greatly
influenced Philippine literature.
 SPANISH INFLUENCES
ON PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

Spanish Language
- Became the literary language during this time.
- Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and
other dialects.
- Later, many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog,
Ilocano and Visayan.
The Cenaculo
- Dramatic performance to commemorate the passion and death of Juesus Christ
- Written in octosyllabic verse, with 8 verses to the stanza. The full length versions take about
3 nights of staging.
 SPANISH INFLUENCES
ON PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

Karagatan
Poetic vehicle of socio-religious nature celebrated during the death of a person.
A form of drama that originated to test the bravery of men so that the bravest can marry the
princess.
A leader will start off an extemporaneous poem announcing the purpose. Spins a tabo to know
who will be asked first. The girl will ask him a riddle and if he is able to answer, he will offer the
ring to the girl.
Plays (Moro-Moro, Carillo (shadow play), The Zarzuela,
Other forms of literature: Panunuluyan, Komedya)
Balagtasan
Awit at Korido Ninay – first Filipino novel, written in Spanish by Pedro
Paterno
Thank you!
Salamat!
Gracias!
 MEETING THE
PROMINENT FILIPINO WRITERS
AND THEIR WORKS

 PROMINENT FILIPINO WRITERS

AND THEIR WORKS

Apolinario Mabini - (born July 23, 1864,

Talaga, Phil.—died May 13, 1903, Manila),
Filipino theoretician and spokesman of the
Philippine Revolution, who wrote the
constitution for the short-lived republic of
1898–99. Born into a peasant family, Mabini
studied at San Juan de Letran College in
Manila.
 PROMINENT FILIPINO WRITERS
AND THEIR WORKS

When the Spanish–American War broke out in

1898, Mabini urged cooperation with the
United States as a means to gain freedom
from Spain. When the United States
announced that it would annex the
Philippines, Mabini joined Aguinaldo in a Prominent works:
renewed struggle for independence. He was La Revolution Filipina
captured and exiled to Guam. El Verdadero Decalogo
PROMINENT FILIPINO WRITERS
AND THEIR WORKS

José Palma y Velásquez - (June 3, 1876 –

February 12, 1903) was a Filipino poet and
soldier. He was on the staff of La independencia
at the time he wrote "Filipinas", a patriotic poem
in Spanish. It was published for the first time in
the issue of the first anniversary of La
independencia on September 3, 1899.
 PROMINENT FILIPINO WRITERS
AND THEIR WORKS

The poem fit the instrumental tune "Marcha Nacional Filipina" by Julián
Felipe, and it has since been the basis for every translation of the
Philippine National Anthem.

Prominent Works:
Philippine National Hymn
Filipinas
PROMINENT FILIPINO WRITERS
AND THEIR WORKS

Graciano Lopez Jaena – Born on December 18,

1856 – January 20, 1896. He was a Filipino
journalist, orator, reformist, and national hero. He
pursued his medical studies at the school of
medicine at the University of Valencia but did not
finish the course. He subsequently become very
well known for addressing the injustices that
occurred amongst the Filipino people.
 PROMINENT FILIPINO WRITERS
AND THEIR WORKS

His first attempt at addressing problems in local

society was through a story entitled “Fray Botod.”

Prominent Works:
La Solidaridad
Fray Botod
PROMINENT FILIPINO WRITERS
AND THEIR WORKS

Jose Rizal - José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso

Realonda, he was born on June 19, 1861,
Calamba, Philippines and died on December 30,
1896, Manila. Rizal was educated in Manila and at
the University of Madrid. A brilliant medical
student, he soon committed himself to the reform
of Spanish rule in his home country. Most of his
writing was done in Europe, where he resided
between 1882 and 1892.
 PROMINENT FILIPINO WRITERS
AND THEIR WORKS

A sequel, El filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed),

established his reputation as the leading spokesman of the
Philippine reform movement. He became the leader of the
Propaganda Movement, contributing numerous articles to its
newspaper, La Solidaridad, published in Barcelona.
Prominent works:
Noli Me Tangere (1887)
El Filibusterismo (1891)
To the Filipino Youth (1879)
PROMINENT FILIPINO WRITERS
AND THEIR WORKS

Marcelo Del Pilar was born in Kupang, Bulacan, on

Aug. 30, 1850, to cultured parents. He founded the
newspaper Diariong Tagalog to propagate democratic
liberal ideas among the farmers and peasants. . In
1888 he defended José Rizal's polemical writings by
issuing a pamphlet against a priest's attack, exhibiting
his deadly wit and savage ridicule of clerical follies.
 PROMINENT FILIPINO WRITERS
AND THEIR WORKS

Prominent works:
Dasalan at Tocsohan
Ang La Soberania Monacal en
Filipinas
PROMINENT FILIPINO WRITERS
AND THEIR WORKS

Guillermo Gómez Rivera – Born in Iloilo City in the

Philippines on September 12, 1936, he holds a Ph.D in
Filipino Spanish Literature and four undergraduate
degrees in Spanish, economics, history and
management. He is perhaps the most recognized
contemporary Filipino writer throughout the Spanish-
speaking world. His sometimes strident advocacy for
the preservation of the Spanish language in the
Philippines has gained him both plaudits and criticisms.
 PROMINENT FILIPINO WRITERS
AND THEIR WORKS

In 1975, he was awarded the Premio Zóbel, the Philippines' highest literary
honor bestowed on the best works in Spanish, for his play El caseron.

Prominent works:
Quis ut Deus, o el Teniente Guimô, el brujo revolucionario de Yloílo (2015)
Con címbalos de caña (2011)
La nueva Babilonia (2018)
Thank you!
Salamat!
Gracias!
 INTO THE BUDS OF
"THE FLOWERS OF HEIDELBERG"
A POEM BY DR. JOSE RIZAL
 Title: To The Flowers of Heidelberg
Author: Dr Jose Rizal
Date Written: April 22, 1886
Literary Period: Spanish Period year 1565-1897

The Poem of “To the Flowers of Heidelberg” was

symbolizing the love of Rizal for his motherland. He
writes it when he was at Germany while walking along
the banks of the Neckar that has blooming flowers
along his path and remember their beautiful Garden
in Calamba that inspire him to write this poem.
-
-This poem simply express of Rizal’s sadness
when he remembered his family.
-This poem of Rizal reflects a aesthetic quality
of sublime and also in some point of view, this
poem can be describe as defense mechanism.
-This poem shows less literal in meaning and in
quality that results of depths in its content.
 It symbolizes two realities:
The flowers’ beauty symbolizes Rizal’s love for his
country
The flowers’ reduced quality refers to Rizal’s
useless presence in another country

Elements used in this poem Values from the poem

-It shows Pattern and Rhythm -Love of the Family / Native land
-Free Verse -Valuing the Beauty of Nature
-Figure of Speech used; Personification -Self-Sacrifice
 Types of Conflict
-Man and Nature
-Man and Society

Thought of the Poem

The freshness and perfume of the flower will be lost
because it has been plucked from its true home---as
has he. And this is how he feels, he needs to be in
his own country to be fully alive.
– J. Rizal
Thank you!
Salamat!
Gracias!
 SPOTTING RIZAL'S
"NOLI ME TANGERE"
THROUGH MARXISM AND FORMALISM
1. About Noli Me Tangere
1. Greatest novel in the Philippines along
with El Fili
“Touch Me Not”
The Social Cancer
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s
Cabin “Filipino version”
3. Title’s Hidden Meaning
The phrase Jesus spoken to
2. Rizal Law
Mary Magdalene after his
In 1956, the law requires all schools in
resurrection
the Philippines to study the novel
“Hidden cancers” in medicine
field
Summary of
NOLI ME TANGERE


HOMECOMING
DINNER

Juan Crisostomo Ibarra arrives back in

the Philippines after studying in Europe
for the past seven years.
Captain Tiago, his prominent and
wealthy friend, hosts a reunion dinner
for him.
At the dinner, Father Damaso treats
him badly, which surprises Ibarra


ON HIS WAY HOME

FROM DINNER

As Ibarra is walking home from the dinner, Señor

Guevara, another family friend, tells him that his
father died in prison due to a slander against him
and that Father Damaso is the reason behind it.
Because of this, Ibarra is shocked and does not
know what to do.
Then, he visits his old lover, Maria Clara but he is
not welcome in her family anymore.


FOLOWING HIS
FATHER'S FOOTSTEPS

Instead of revenge, Ibarra plans to

establish a public school to follow his
father’s footsteps of peace.
The schoolmaster warns him about
Father Damaso meddling in school
system but Ibarra still pushes the idea
through with the help of town officials.


CRISPIN, BASILIO,
AND SISA
Meanwhile, Crispin and Basilio work as a
sexton to support their mother.
When Crispin protests due to the false
accusation of theft, Crispin is severely
beaten while Basilio escapes. He cannot
find his brother.
Sisa looks for both of her sons, losing
her mind.


FATHER'S
GRAVE

Ibarra goes to visit his father’s grave

but he discovers that his father’s
corpse was removed and
supposedly put into a Chinese
cemetery under the order of Father
Damaso.
 THE TOWN'S
FIESTA

In the town fiesta, Ibarra and the town

officials want to celebrate and to bless the
school after Father Damaso’s sermon.
During the sermon, a mysterious man
named Elias approaches Ibarra warning
him of a plot to kill him.
Ibarra realizes that Elias was their boatman
on an earlier excursion he took with his
friends and that man is a wanted fugitive.


THE VIOLENT
ENCOUNTER

The same night, Father Damaso invites

himself to a dinner Ibarra is hosting.
Father Damaso insults indigenous
Filipinos and Ibarra’s father specifically.
He punches the priest and before he can
kill him, Maria Clara stopped the young
man.


THE
PLOT
Ibarra is excommunicated and Maria Clara falls
ill and is reengaged to a new man because of
his spineless father.
Meanwhile, the Captain General manages to lift
Ibarra’s excommunication.
Father Salvi (who is in love with Maria Clara)
plots, together with Lucas, to frame Ibarra for
rebellion.
Ibarra is thrown into prison and found guilty based on a letter he wrote to Maria
Clara years ago.


ELIAS TO THE
RESCUE

Elias rescues Ibarra by breaking out of

the prison and takes him to Maria Clara.
Ibarra’s lover apologizes and explains to
him that Father Salvi blackmailed her,
telling that he will reveal that she is
Father Damaso’s daughter.


THE PURSUIT
IN THE RIVER

Elias and Ibarra row away but they realize

they’re being followed by another boat.
Elias jumps off to confuse them to think
that he is Ibarra and try to shoot him
while the real Ibarra escapes.
They appear to kill him but they never see
his body.


MARIA CLARA'S
CLOSET

Maria Clara tells Father Damaso that she can’t

marry Linares and threatens to commit
suicide if he will not let her enter a convent.
The newspaper reported that Ibarra is dead
and she cannot bear the thought of marrying
another man.
Father Damaso reluctantly agrees.


OUR COUNTRY
MISSING THE DAWN

On Christmas Eve, Basilio still looks for Sisa. He finds

her but she doesn’t recognize him and runs away.
Finally, he catches her and she faints, and she dies
of shock having finally recognized him.
Elias appears, telling Basilio to put his body with
Sisa’s on a funeral pyre.
"I die without seeing dawn’s light shining on my
country…You, who will see it, welcome it for me…
don’t forget those who fell during the nighttime,"
Elias says.
Formalistic Criticism of
Noli Me Tangere

A. Lenses to Look in the Work Itself

1. Literary Elements
2. Symbols
3. Figurative Language

B. Literary Elements
Genre: novel, satire, romance
Setting and Context: The Philippines, near Manila, in the late 19th century
Point of View: Third person, omniscient
Tone and Mood: Sometimes satirical, humorous, sometimes serious and mournful
 Formalistic Criticism of
Noli Me Tangere

Protagonist and Antagonist: Ibarra and Father

Salvi (the main antagonist)
Major Conflict: Ibarra vs. Father Salvi and Ibarra
vs. the Spanish colonial society
Climax: Ibarra’s escape
Foreshadowing: Father Damaso’s closeness
with Maria Clara, as well as Maria Clara
possessing European features, foreshadows that
she is Father Damaso’s biological daughter.
 Formalistic Criticism of
Noli Me Tangere

C. Symbols
School = Education. Ibarra’s belief in the power of education

Night and Dawn = Chaos and Hope. Elias last words in the
ending of the novel
The Cancer = Too dangerous to talk about. The title
alludes to a cancer that is so deadly and powerful that no
one dares to touch
Maria Clara = Philippines. She symbolizes the country,
typically too passive to rebel but will stand up on her own in
the end
 Formalistic Criticism
of Noli Me Tangere

D. Figurative Language
Simile
“The news surged like a jolt of electricity among the parasites,
spongers, and freeloaders that God, in his infinite goodness,
has so lovingly multiplied in Manila.” (p. 5)
“Like a automaton with a broken motor, Sisa turned quickly
on her heels, and without seeing a thing, ran to hide.” (p. 131)
Metaphor
“Once misfortune leaves its mark on a family, all its members
have to perish. When a lightning strikes a tree, the entire
thing is reduced to ashes.” (p. 274)
Formalistic Criticism
of Noli Me Tangere

D. Figurative Language
Irony
- Captain Tiago being at peace with God (situational irony)
- Readers will conclude that he is a churchgoing man when
in reality, he exposes his wealth too much and actually
pays for others to pray for him.

- Father Salvi credited for stopping the riot (dramatic irony)

- The newspaper praises him as a Christ-like figure when in fact, he only runs into
the chaos to prevent Ibarra and Maria Clara from being intimate.
 Formalistic Criticism
of Noli Me Tangere
D. Figurative Language
Imagery

Christmas Eve
Rizal richly describes the images of the lights and decorations
in detail during Christmas Eve.

Capitan Tiago’s house

Rizal describes Capitan Tiago’s house in detail, telling the
reader about the intricate paintings, decorative furniture,
lamps, birdcages, and more that fills his large house.
Formalistic Criticism
of Noli Me Tangere

D. Figurative Language
Imagery
Maria Clara
- Ibarra describes Maria Clara in exaggerated, almost
humorously vivid language, comparing her to a fairy or spirit
and calling her “the poetic embodiment of my homeland.”

Religion and the poor

- In Chapter 16, Rizal describes the gap between Christianity and the lives of the poor in
heartbreaking detail, demonstrating the emotion that the poor brings to their prayers
despite often not knowing the proper forms of prayer.
 Marxist Criticism
of Noli Me Tangere
a. The Key Principles in Marxism
1. Class struggle
2. Dictatorship of the Proletariat
3. Internationalism
4. Opium of the people

b. Class struggle
Conflict ranges between the ruling class and the
working class
Friars became the main oppressors in the novel
Friars control everything by their own interest.
Marxist Criticism
of Noli Me Tangere

c. Dictatorship of the Proletariat

The proletariat (or the working class) wants
to gain control of the political system.
- Ibarra suggests that reform can be the answer
in the unequal situation in the novel.

- He believes that Spaniards would reconsider

their actions and would treat Filipinos fairly.
 Marxist Criticism
of Noli Me Tangere

d. Internationalism
“Workers of the world unite!”
In the novel, Ibarra addresses that revolution
should be just an alternative if reform is
impossible.

e. Opium of the People

Religion, like a drug, helps the exploited to
immediately forget their pain and misery with
pleasant illusions.
Christianity is the opium in the novel.
Thank you!
Salamat!
Gracias!
 SPOTTING RIZAL'S
"EL FILIBUSTERISMO"
THROUGH MARXISM AND FORMALISM
Rudiments of
EL FILIBUSTERISMO
BACKGROUND
of
El Filibusterismo

sequel to Noli Me Tangere.

second and last novel completed
by José Rizal
Etymology: Filibustero
The Subversive or Subversion
Dedicated to GOMBURZA
executive

Summary

Crisostomo Ibarra, the reformist hero of the earlier

novel, has come back to the Philippines as the
enigmatic stranger named Simoun, a rich jeweller.
Driven by hatred and a fierce desire to avenge his
sufferings, and to rescue Maria Clara from the nunnery
where she has fled, Simoun embarks on a crusade the
goal of which is to corrupt and thus weaken various

institutions that would eventually lead to a bloody EL

FILIBUSTERISMO
revolution.
executive

Summary
Read more here:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/14Qh0KaaJwWX-
llPCzjA8RPDqrAvt9dnPkYMzmjVRSt0/edit?usp=sharing

Happy Reading!

He schemes and plans systematically and plots with

various characters, including Basilio, to bring about
the downfall of the government. The first plot fails, as
does the second one. Simoun, carrying his huge stash
of jewelry, flees to the mountain retreat of Padre
Florentino, who absolves the dying man from his sins.
The novel ends as the priest throws Simoun's
treasures into the sea with the hope that they could
be retrieved and used only for the good of the people.
 formalist criticism
of
El Filibusterismo
Narrator of the story
Mostly omniscient, but Rizal echoes
positions of multiple characters.
The setting
Generally set in the Philippines in the
vestiges of then colonial Spain.
Tone and mood
graver and less hopeful tone

INTO THE BREADTH

AND DEPTH
formalist criticism
of
El Filibusterismo
Theme
It is a dark, brooding, at times satirical novel of revenge,
unfulfilled love, and tragedy.

Structure of the story

peculiarly polemical, indio /india crops up far more often
in the Fili than in the Noli

Author's diction
reveals the burning love of Rizal for a dreamed liberated Philippines; longing
marxist critcism
of
El Filibusterismo

Class Struggle
- contradictions and relationships between the
Spanish friars and authorities, Filipino elites, and
the exploited Filipinos

Proletariat Dictatorship
- Spanish authorities and the Filipino elite,
bureaucrats and mercenaries reign greedily
 marxIst critcism
of
El Filibusterismo

Internationalism
-long revolution
-Filipino called not to be subversive but
contemplative

Opium of the people

-religion, specifically Roman Catholicism
Thank you!
Salamat!
Gracias!

REFERENCES AND
ADDITIONAL READINGS:
Philippine literature in the Spanish colonial period. (2015,
June 2). National Commission for Culture and the Arts.
https://ncca.gov.ph/aabout-ncca-
3/subcommisions/subcommision-on-the-arts-sca/literary-
arts/Philippine-literature-in-the-spanish-colonial-period
Philippine literature in the Spanish colonial period. (2015,
June 2). National Commission for Culture and the Arts.
https://ncca.gov.ph/aabout-ncca-
3/subcommisions/subcommision-on-the-arts-sca/literary-
arts/Philippine-literature-in-the-spanish-colonial-period
Guillermo Gomez Rivera. (n.d.). centiramopublishing.
https://www.centiramopublishing.com/guillermo-gomez-
rivera
Jose Palma. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Palma
Apolinario Mabini. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Apolinario-Mabini
Peoplepill.com. (n.d.). Marcelo H. del Pilar. peoplepill.com.
https://peoplepill.com/people/marcelo-h-del-pilar
Graciano Lopez Jaena biography. (n.d.). Biography.
https://biography.yourdictionary.com/articles/graciano-lopez-
jaena-biography.html
Jose Rizal | Biography, education, works, full name, & facts.
(n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Rizal


REFERENCES AND
ADDITIONAL READINGS:

GradeSaver. (2021, September 13). Noli me tangere summary. Study
Guides & Essay Editing | GradeSaver.
https://www.gradesaver.com/noli-me-tangere/study-guide/summary
An analysis of “Noli Me tangere” using the Marxist approach. (2008,
September 21). Friendster Blog.
https://friendsterfritz.wordpress.com/2008/09/20/an-analysis-of-
%E2%80%9Cnoli-me-tangere%E2%80%9D-using-the-marxist-
approach/
El Filibusterismo by Jose Rizal - Reading guide: 9780143106395 -
PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books. (n.d.).
PenguinRandomhouse.com.
https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/302595/el-
filibusterismo-by-jose-rizal/9780143106395/readers-guide/
Forms of consciousness in El Filibusterismo. (2006). Philippine
Studies

The Solution of Enigma in El Filibusterismo. Lisandro E. Claudio

AFP. (2018, May 4). Karl Marx in five core ideas. The Hindu.
(2018). Jose Rizal
https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/karl-marx-in-five-core-
ideas/article23774957.ece
El Filibusterismo (English summary). (2021, July 7).
https://www.tagaloglang.com/el-filibusterismo-english-
Executive summary (The summary of “El Filibusterismo”). (2021,
summary/
August 31). KapitBisig.com.
https://www.kapitbisig.com/philippines/el-filibusterismo-the-reign-of-
greed-by-dr-jose-rizal-book-notes-summary-in-english-executive-
summary-the-summary-of-el-filibusterismo_203.html


REFERENCES AND
ADDITIONAL READINGS:

To the flowers of Heidelberg by Dr. Jose Rizal (English version of “A las Photos and Videos from:
Flores de Heidelberg”). (2021, September 16). KapitBisig.com.
https://www.kapitbisig.com/philippines/poems-written-by-dr-jose-rizal-to- Rappler
the-flowers-of-heidelberg-by-dr-jose-rizal-english-version-of-a-las-flores-de-
heidelberg_620.html National Quincentenial Committee, Philippines
Facebook Page
The flowers of Heidelberg by: Dr. Jose P. Rizal. (n.d.). Share and Discover
Knowledge on SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/ChetVerdeflor/the- National Center of Culture and the Arts
flowers-of-heidelberg-by-dr-jose-p-rizal
Pinterest
To the flowers of Heidelberg. (2019, January 7). JoseRizal.com.
https://www.joserizal.com/to-the-flowers-of-heidelberg/ Ben and Ben Official Youtube Channel

Hillsong Official Youtube Channel

 Food for thought

“The glory of saving a

country doesn't mean having
to use the measures that
contributed to its ruin!”
 Any questions and
suggestions?

Thank you!

El Equipo