FRANZ SALAZAR

11 PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE ABOUT SELF

Socrates: an unexamined life, based on Socrates, is not worth living; we must first reflect on ourselves.
Every man, he said, is dualistic, composed of both body and soul.. Body is imperfect and impermanent.
Soul is perfect and permanent. According to Socrates, a person can live a meaningful and happy life if he
learns to be moral and realizes his own worth, which can only be achieved via soul searching. The
simplest way for him to accomplish this is to keep the body as apart from the soul as possible.

Plato: Plato is a student of Socrates, and the soul is immortal. Plato was a firm believer in the existence
of both the intellect and the soul. The rational soul is reason and intelligence, which allows us to think
deeply, make smart decisions, and acquire ultimate truth, whereas the spirited soul is emotion and
passion. Love, anger, ambition, empathy, and aggression are all basic emotions. Last but not least, the
hungry soul, which has basic needs such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.

True happiness, according to Plato, can only be obtained by people who continually keep their reason in
control of their spirits and appetites. When these three aspects clash, Plato believes that it is the
rational soul's obligation to resolve the dispute.

Aristotle : He's a plato student, by the way. He believes that the body and the soul are one and the
same. The soul is nothing more than the physical manifestation of the body, and it cannot exist without
it. The soul is the essence of one's self, and it is what distinguishes one from another. The soul is unable
to exist without the physical body. The soul and the body both perish at the same time. What he meant
was that the body and the soul are inextricably linked; if your soul changes, your body changes, and if
your body changes, your soul changes. He introduced the three types of souls: vegetative, which is
capable of reproduction and growth, and sentient, which is capable of mobility and sensation. Last but
not least, rationality is what distinguishes you as a human being; it is all about reflection and thought.

St. Augustine: Plato’s and Christianity’s concepts were combined. The soul is reunited with the body,
according to him, so that man can be whole and complete. He thought that humans were made in God's
image and likeness. According to him, the only way to gain understanding of oneself is to know God.
Knowing God is the truth.

Rene Descartes: According to him, the act of thinking about oneself and being self-aware is proof that
one exists. Consider the situation where you believe there is already proof of self. Cogito is the thing
that thinks, and mind is the thing that thinks. He is famous for saying cogito ergo sum, which translates
to I THINK THEREFORE, I AM.
John Locke: Consciousness is the self. What he believed was that when you are born, you are like a
blank sheet of paper, and as you get experience in life, you will gain wisdom to learn.

David Hume: There is no such thing as a self. He believes that the self is really a collection of objects
arranged in various ways. Personal identity is purely a product of the imagination.

Immanuel Kunt : We create our own selves. The self creates its own reality, resulting in a predictable
and familiar environment; the self transcends sensory experience through human rationality.

Gilbert ryle:. The self is defined by how people act. He claimed that our acts are our selves. As a result of
our actions, we are who we are. In short, our sense of self is built on our actions.

Paul chuchland : The brain is the self. The self is inextricably linked to the brain and body physiology; we
only have the brain, thus if it fails, there is no self; the physical brain, not the hypothetical mind,
provides us with our feeling of self. He believes that there is no self, only the brain, and that thought is
nothing more than imagination.

Maurice Merleau- Ponty: the self is embodied subjectivity. All of our understanding of ourselves and our
surroundings is dependent on subjective experience. He also believes that what has been going on
between the mind and the body for a long time is invalid.