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SARAL: Magazine for Sociology Current Affairs
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July, 2021
Sociology Current Affairs

Magazine
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Table of Content
1 Dowry Deaths
2 Vaccine Hesitancy
3 Violence against women

4 Two-child norm
5 Childhood development
6 Informal employment
7 Reproductive health
8 Migration and related issue

9 Population policy
10 Education and social change

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|1. Dowry Deaths |
The hand drawn illustration and news article snippet are clearly visible on STEP-UP SERIES portal.
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article
Syllabus
Topic Paper 1
Systems of Kinship: Patriarchy
Paper 2
Social Movements in Modern India: Women’s movement
Challenges of Social Transformation: Violence against women
Systems of Kinship in India: Patriarchy

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Related
Theory
Patriarchy: Literally, rule by father, this concept is used to refer to a system that
values men more and gives them power over women.
Gender violence: There has been a recognition that while all women are in some
way disadvantaged vis-a-vis men, all women do not suffer the same level or kind of
discrimination. The concerns of the educated middle class woman is different from
the peasant woman just as the concern of the Dalit woman is different from the
‘upper caste’ woman. Let us take the example of violence. There has also been
greater recognition that both men and women are constrained by the dominant
gender identities. For instance, men in patriarchal societies feel they must be strong
and successful. It is not, manly, to express oneself emotionally. A gender-just
society would allow both men and women to be free. This, of course, rests on the
idea that for true freedom to grow and develop injustices of all kinds have to end.
Collective action theory:-

It refers to action taken together by a group of people whose goal is to enhance their
condition and achieve a common objective. Here the article highlights that
grassroot level movements are necessary to bring in change collectively.
Feminist approach:-
The dowry deaths have been fuelled by the economic dependence of women on men
after marriage and on parents before marriage. The most vulnerable sections of
women are those who are economically dependent for their needs.
PYQ 1. Define patriarchy. How does patriarchy manifest in interpersonal relations?

(2018/20)
2. Write a short note with sociological perspective on Domestic Violence
Act,2005.(2014/10)

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|2. Vaccine Hesitancy |

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article
Syllabus Paper 1
Topic Religion and Society : Religion in modern society: religion and science
Sociological Thinkers: Max Weber - Authority
Functional approach:-The role of religion in removing vaccine hesitancy.

Religious beliefs can help in removing fears with regard to vaccine hesitancy.
Related
Theory Charismatic authority:-With the help of religious and social leaders the
government is trying to remove vaccine hesitancy.The leaders can approach their
followers and make them aware about the need to get vaccinated.
Dysfunctional role of religion:- Many religious beliefs also prohibited people

from taking vaccines. For example, people from depressed classes were
discriminated against, in vaccination camps in Bengaluru. In a few other regions,
the ingredients being used for manufacturing were questioned by various religious
sects as being against their faith.
PYQ 1. Examine the functional as well as dysfunctional aspects of religion in a pluralistic

society taking India and the United States of America as illustrative models.
(2004/60)
2. Write a short note on Origins of religious beliefs and practices in premodern

societies. (2005/20)
3. Write a short note on Religion and Science.(2006/20)
|3. Violence Against Women |

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article
Syllabus Paper 1
Topic

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Systems of Kinship: Patriarchy

Paper 2
Challenges of Social Transformation: Violence against women
Systems of Kinship in India: Patriarchy
Related
Theory
Patriarchy: Literally, ruled by father, this concept is used to refer to a system

that values men more and gives them power over women.
Gender violence: There has been a recognition that while all women are in
some way disadvantaged vis-a-vis men, all women do not suffer the same level
or kind of discrimination. The concerns of the educated middle class woman is
different from the Peasant woman just as the concern of the Dalit woman is
different from the ‘upper caste’ woman. Let us take the example of violence.
There has also been greater recognition that both men and women are
constrained by the dominant gender identities. For instance, men in patriarchal
societies feel they must be strong and successful. It is not, manly, to express
oneself emotionally. A gender-just society would allow both men and women to
be free. This, of course, rests on the idea that for true freedom to grow and
develop injustices of all kinds have to end.
Feminist approach:-The violence against women , the workplace is deeply

rooted in the economic and social structure fuelled by patriarchal mindsets.
PYQ 1. Write a short note with a sociological perspective: Structural factors behind
violence against women. (2011/15)
2. What are the possible underlying causes of the spurt of increased violence
against women in public spaces in the last decade?(2014/20)
3. What are the reasons for the escalation of violence against women in the
public domain? (2017) 10 marks

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|4. Two-Child Norm |

article
Syllabus Topic Paper 1

Politics and Society :
State
Paper 2
Population Dynamics :
Population Policy and family planning.

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Related Theory
A new study, published in the highly regarded journal, The Lancet, and
prepared by the Seattle-based Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
(IHME), has shaken up the world of population policy. It argues that while
India is destined to be the largest country in the world, its population will
peak by mid-century.
Population explosion, or overpopulation results in poverty. As there are more

mouths to feed, even after more hands to earn, the distribution of resources
and population is uneven all over the globe, in general and in India, in
particular. Population policy is needed to reduce poverty, to enhance gender
equality, to provide good, equal and quality education to all so that
socio-economic strata of society becomes more stable, to maintain good
health and well-being of all the people and most importantly, to curb the
high population growth.
G. Myrdal also argues that a population programme must work itself into the
whole fabric of social life.
1. Discuss the salient features of the population policy of Government of

India. What Modifications would you suggest to make it more effective?
(2006/60)
PYQ
2. Comment on the influence of social and cultural factors on family
planning in India. (2009/30)

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|5. Childhood Development |

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article

Mead - Self and identity
Related Theory Mead explains how self-consciousness—the first stage in the

development of the self—emerges from the use of significant symbols.
Human beings, since they are in need of one another and therefore must live
amongst each other, must learn to anticipate what each other is doing by
reading gestures as signs of more overt behavior to come.
There are two stages of development- play stage and game stage.
In the play stage, infants and young children first of all develop as social
beings by imitating the actions of those around them. For example, they may
play being a doctor, parent or a nurse. In doing so they become aware that
there is a difference between themselves and the role that they are playing of
what Mead calls as ‘significant others’.
As they grow, children enter the game stage and imitation takes a form of
role taking in more complicated games/situations. Mead calls it ‘taking the
role of other’ or landing into the shoes of other and learning what it is to be
like that.
Socialisation:-Through formal agents of socialisation.
PYQ 1. Using Mead's theory of symbolic interactionism, discuss the stages in the
formation of gender identity. (2014/10)
|6. Informal Employment |

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Syllabus Paper 1
Topic

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Stratification and Mobility: Dimensions- gender
Work and Economic Life: Formal and informal organization of work
Related
Theory
Feminisation of informal labour: The large scale circulation of labour has had
several significant effects on rural society, in both the receiving and the supply
ingregions. For instance, in poor areas where male family members spend much of
the year working outside of their villages, cultivation has become primarily a female
task. Women are also emerging as the main source of agricultural labour, leading to
the ‘feminisation of agricultural labour force’. The insecurity of women is greater
because they earn lower wages than men for similar work. Until recently, women
were hardly visible in official statistics as earners and workers. While women toil on
the land as landless labourers and as cultivators, the prevailing patrilineal kinship
system, and other cultural practices that privilege male rights, largely exclude
women from land ownership.
1. What is the POSH Act ? “Identification of tormentors by women at the workplace

isn't easily even today.” Examine the statement with substantive examples from
India. (2019/20)

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2. Elaborate the ‘Me Too’ Movement and its impact in India. (2018/10)
PYQ
3. What are the possible underlying causes of the spurt of increased violence against
women in public places in the last decade? (2014/20)
|7. Reproductive Health |

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Paper 2
Syllabus Population Dynamics:
Topic Population Policy and family planning.
Emerging issues: reproductive health.
Challenges of social transformation: Disparities in education
Related Fertility:
Theory
Most family-planning programmes and fertility-control policies have traditionally
failed to take adequate cognisance of the complex forces influencing the demand for
children.
In contexts of extreme poverty, for example, lack of resources to meet the rising cost
of children are often taken to indicate a decline in demand for children, despite
evidence that, in such contexts, children are valued as a source of social, economic
and political security. The outcome under such conditions may not be increased
demand for modern contraceptive services, but changes in the contexts in which
children are conceived and in which they grow up. Increased poverty in many parts
of the world combined with globalization of capital provide the context for increased
entry of children into the workforce (as an economic resource to their families and
as a cheap source of labour , and into economically-based sexual relations.
Diffusionist approach:
According to the diffusionist perspective, traditional culture is a barrier to
behaviour change, with a great deal of research efforts at identifying cultural
barriers to contraceptive use. A similar emphasis on culture as a barrier is evident in
the literature on maternal health. Lack of education and the perpetuation of ‘false
beliefs’ reinforced by traditional birth attendants are cited as major obstacles to
improved maternal health.
Gender and vulnerability:

Reproductive health is not only culturally-specific, but also gender-specific.
Decisions relating to sexuality, fertility, reproduction, and health may be
determined by a range of gender-specific factors, such as relations of power and
control within marriage, households, and kin groups; the economic and symbolic
value of fertility; women's position regarding paid work and access to childcare
resources.
PYQ 1. What are the emerging concerns on women’s reproductive health? (2017/10)
2. Write a short note on Reproductive Health. (2008/20)
3. Write a short note on Fertility and population growth. (2009/20)

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|8. Migration and Related issue |
Link Click here

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Syllabus Paper 2
Topic Rural and Agrarian transformation in India: Problems of rural labour,
bondage, migration.
Population Dynamics: Migration
Related In Durkheim's social evolution migration is a necessary social condition to

Theory push the process of social evolution from one type of social order or another. The
active movement of population pushes the society to evolve from simple, segmental
and mechanical society to a complex, structurally differentiated, interdependent
and organically well-knit society with an elaborate division of labor.
Everett Lee, a well-known demographer, defines migration broadly “as a

permanent or semipermanent change of residence”. No restriction is placed upon
the distance of the move or upon the voluntary and involuntary nature of the act.
Migration, according to Eisenstadt, refers to “the physical transition of an

individual or a group from one society to another. This transition usually involves
abandoning one social-setting and entering another and different one.”
Most of the female migrants have cited ‘marriage’ as the reason for migration,
especially when the migration is within the state. For males, the major reasons for
migration are ‘work/employment’ and ‘education’.
The Parsonian paradigm of pattern variables provides a guideline for an

analysis of mobility and immobility of a population. In Parsons’ scheme of variables,
the affective and affective-neutrality value components show a paradigm shift from
tradition to modernity and that has a bearing on migration. It explains the social
conditions under which the movement of population is active or inactive. Social
attachment restricts the mobility of the population.
PYQ 1. Discuss the dynamics of ‘migrant workers’ in India in the context of Corona
pandemic. (2020/20)
2. What are the issues relating to male migration and its impact on birth rate? Does
it necessarily result in skewed sex-ratio? (2018/20)
|9. Population Policy |

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Paper 2
Syllabus
Topic Population Dynamics: Population Policy and family planning.
National Population Policy 2000 India has framed a new National Population
Related Policy in 2000. It enumerates certain socio-demographic goods to be achieved by
Theory 2010 which will lead to achieving population stabilisation by 2045. The policy has
identified the immediate objectives as meeting the unmet needs for contraception,
health care infrastructure and trained health personnel and to provide integrated
service delivery with the following interventions:
i. Strengthen community health centres, primary health centres and sub-centres.
ii. Augment skills of health personnel and health care providers.
iii. Bring about convergence in the implementation of related social sector
programmes to make Family Welfare Programme people centered.
iv. Integrate package of essential services at village and household levels by
extending basic reproductive and child health care through mobile health clinics
and counselling services; and explore the possibility of accrediting private medical
practitioners and assigning them to defined beneficiary groups to provide these
services (Govt. of India 2003)
According to J.J. Spengler, national population policy covers all such

population problems which influence either quality or distribution of population.
Population policy can be both explicit as well as implicit.
1. Discuss the salient features of the population policy of Government of India.

PYQ What modifications would you suggest to make it more effective? (2006)
2. Comment on the influence of social and cultural factors on family planning in

India. (2009)
|10. Education and Social change |

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Social Change in Modern Society:
Education and Social change
Paper 2
Challenges of Social Transformation:
Illiteracy and disparities in education
Related Theory The role of education as an agent or instrument of social change and social
development is widely recognized nowadays. Social change may take place
when human needs change,when the existing social system or network of
social institutions fails to meet the existing human needs and new materials
suggest better ways of meeting human needs. Social changes do not take
place automatically or by themselves.
As MacIver says, social change takes place as a response to many types of

changes that take place in the social and non-social environment. Education
can initiate social changes by bringing about a change in the outlook and
attitude of man. It can bring about a change in the pattern of social
relationships and institutions and thereby it may cause social change.
PYQ 1. Education is a major source of social mobility in contemporary society.

Explain. (2016/20)
2. Education helps in perpetuating social and economic inequalities.‖

Critically examine the statement(2015/20)
===

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Sociology Current Affairs

Click here for TABLE OF CONTENT

3 Violence against women

8 Migration and related issue

Click here for TABLE OF CONTENT

|1. Dowry Deaths |

Link to the Click Here

Click here for TABLE OF CONTENT

Collective action theory:-

PYQ 1. Define patriarchy. How does patriarchy manifest in interpersonal relations?

Click here for TABLE OF CONTENT

|2. Vaccine Hesitancy |

Click here for TABLE OF CONTENT

Link to the Click here

Sociological Thinkers: Max Weber - Authority

Functional approach:-The role of religion in removing vaccine hesitancy.

Dysfunctional role of religion:- Many religious beliefs also prohibited people

PYQ 1. Examine the functional as well as dysfunctional aspects of religion in a pluralistic

2. Write a short note on Origins of religious beliefs and practices in premodern

3. Write a short note on Religion and Science.(2006/20)

|3. Violence Against Women |

Click here for TABLE OF CONTENT

Link to the Click here

Click here for TABLE OF CONTENT

Systems of Kinship: Patriarchy

Patriarchy: Literally, ruled by father, this concept is used to refer to a system

Feminist approach:-The violence against women , the workplace is deeply

Click here for TABLE OF CONTENT

|4. Two-Child Norm |

Link to the Click here

Syllabus Topic Paper 1

Click here for TABLE OF CONTENT

Population explosion, or overpopulation results in poverty. As there are more

1. Discuss the salient features of the population policy of Government of

Click here for TABLE OF CONTENT

|5. Childhood Development |

Click here for TABLE OF CONTENT

Link to the Click here

Syllabus Topic Paper 1

Related Theory Mead explains how self-consciousness—the first stage in the

Socialisation:-Through formal agents of socialisation.

|6. Informal Employment |

Click here for TABLE OF CONTENT

Link to the Click here

Click here for TABLE OF CONTENT

Stratification and Mobility: Dimensions- gender

Work and Economic Life: Formal and informal organization of work

1. What is the POSH Act ? “Identification of tormentors by women at the workplace

Click here for TABLE OF CONTENT

|7. Reproductive Health |

Link to the Click here

Click here for TABLE OF CONTENT

Challenges of social transformation: Disparities in education

Gender and vulnerability:

Click here for TABLE OF CONTENT

|8. Migration and Related issue |

Link Click here

Click here for TABLE OF CONTENT

Related In Durkheim's social evolution migration is a necessary social condition to

Everett Lee, a well-known demographer, defines migration broadly “as a

Migration, according to Eisenstadt, refers to “the physical transition of an