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(# I) 0 S S A B W
OF

J । I) I ( IAI, AND RBWENUE TERMS,

AND 0F

US BRU I, W0R DS 0 00URRIN0 IN 0FFI0IAI, I)00UMENTS

IREI,ATING TO THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE GOWERNIMENT

OF

B R I T I S H I N D I A,
FTRO'M THE

ARABIC, PBRSIAN, HINDUSTANi, SANSKRIT, HINDi, IBENGALI, URIWA, MARATHI,

(GUZARATHi, TELUGU, KARNATA, TAMII, MALAWALAM,
_ AND OTHER I,ANGUAGES.

00MPILEI) AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE

AUTHORITW OE' THE HONORABLE THE COURT OR' DIRECTORS ।

OF THE

BAST)-INDIA 00MPAN W. ।
ISw |
H. H. W I I, S 0 N, M.A. R. R.S. ।
LIBRARIAN TO THE EAST-INDIA CoMPANy, AND |
BoDEN PRoFEssoR OP sANskitIT IN THE UNIvERsITw or ox FoRD, |
&c. &c. &c.

L0ND0N :
WAt. H. AILLEN AND CO.
B00RSELLERS T0 THE H0N0RABLE EAST-INIDIA C0MPANW.

M ID OCC LW.
 B{BLI0THEC.
RF,(G-1 A।
MONACENS [S. _

LONDON ः

PRINTED BY wILLIAM MAwOR wATTs,

PRINTER. TO THE HON. P. I. 00MIPANy's c0LLEGE, HAILBWBURW.
 P R. R) R' A 0 B.

'।'rrp numorous documents relating to the administration of the gowernment of India by the East-India
Company which have been printed, and the still more volumingus correspondence which remains in
manuscript, have, from the earliest to the most recent dates, been thickly studded with terms adopted from
the vornaoular languages of the country, and commonly inserted without any explanation of their purport.
Warious reasons may be assigned for a practice which, to say the least of it, is attended with considerable
perplexity to those who have not studied the languages of India at all, and is not free from embarrassment
oven to many by whom those languages have been in part only, or imperfectly acguired, In many cases, no
doubt, it might be difficultor impossible to discover exact eguivalents for the native words in English, and the
use of the original term most expressively conveys its meaning to those to whom the occasion of its employment
is familiar, although they be not Oriental scholars : Ryot and R/ottrdr, for instance, suggest more precise
and positive notions in connexion with the subject of the land revenue in the south of India, than would
be conveyed by cultivator, or peasant, or agriculturist, or by an agreement for rent or revenue with the
individual members of the agricultural classes: in this and similar instances the employment of the original
native torm is recommended by the advantages of conciseness and precision.
In the far greater number of cases, however, the practice cannot be vindicated by an egually cogent plea,
and must bo ascribed to other considerations. It may sometimes, perhaps, be assigned to a pedantic affectation
of conversancy with the native languages, but it may more freguently be attributed to indolence-to a
,elactance to take the trouble of ascertaining the proper sense of the word, and of seeking for a Suitable
eguivalent, even where such an eguivalent is at hand, and where the original term denotes nothing peculiar
of technical. It is scarcely necessary, for example, to introduce the word Midde in its native dress, when it
signifies only “an Upper-storiedhouse;" and “ Widow"is guite as much to the purpose as Artrd,especially when
th61attor is barbarously transmuted to Obeera, Itis wery obvious,however, that whatever may be the familiarity
acguired in some instances with the spoken language of the Courts of Justice and Revenue, that familiarity
;s fostricted to a few of the dialects, and that a critical acguaintance, even with those that are understood, is
{ar from common. This is very evident when, as is sometimes the case, an attempt has been made by officers
of unguestioned efficiency in other respects, to analyse etymologically the terms they omploy, particularly in
regard to the languages of the south of India. Thus it is said by a functionary of more than ordinary merit,
and one who was specially selected for his knowledge of the languages, that the last syllable of Dessag/e is
a Canarese term for ** mother," when it is nothing more than the abridgment of adhi, “ over-one who is
placed in authority over a district.” The same functionary explains Desmukh, literally the head or chief
(makhya) of a country (des), as meaning “ ten blows," confounding evidently the Sanscrit des, “ a country,”
(,;th aho Hindi das, ** ten," and mukha, ** face," with the Hindustani muth, “ a fist-"-Dast-India Selections,
;.. 798. In fact, the whole linguistic stock of the major portion of the Civil Service was for many years a
1ittle Hindustani and less Persian ; and it is only recently that attempts have been made to extend the range
of attainment, and place it upon a sound and comprehensive basis. _

Whatover the acduirements, however, of those with whom Indian official documents originate, it is
undeniable that many of those to whom they are addressed, or for whose information they are designod,
,ombers of the Court of Proprietors, of the Court of IDirectors, of the IBoard of Controul, the Houses of
ii PREFACE.

Parliament, the British public, pretend to no acguaintance with the languages of India, and to them an
interpretation of the native words which come before them is indispensable. A few may have become almost
naturaliZed by repetition, but by far the greater number remain unintelligible. Even of the meaning of those
however which have been longest and most extensively current, precise ideas are not always entertained ; and
it may be doubted if there are many persons, of those who have not been in India, or who have no knowledge
of Hindustani, who possess a ready and correct conception of the purport of Such freguently recurring terms,
as Addlat and Zaminddr. _

But besides the great proportion of those who may feel it their duty to consult the records of the Indian
governments for information, without pretending to any conversancy with the Indian languages, many even
of those who have been educated for the service of the Company will be occasionally perplexed by the
appearance of native terms with which they are unacguainted. The Company's servants at the different
Presidencies are not expected to be proficients in the languages Spoken in the territories of other Presidencies
than their own, and yet they must find it of material benefit to be able to consult their records; while even
in their own branch of the service, they will not unfreguently be crossed by unusual designations. The
Persian or Hindustani Scholar will not, therefore, always be competent to appreciate the value of the Sanskrit
and Arabic vocables which constitute the language of Hindu and Mohammadan law. Those languages will
but imperfectly prepare the Bengal civilian for Hindi, IBengali, and Panjabf : they will be of egually little
avail in the peninsula for the interpretation of terms pertaining to Tamil, Telugu, Karnatta, and Malayalim ;
and they will but lamely help the Bombay servant ower the intricacies of Marathf and GuZerathi, to say
nothing of Sindhi and Marwari. Even with the scale of acguirements extended as far as may be reasonably
expected, the great variety of the prevailing forms of speech in India renders it impossible, perhaps, that even
all those which would be of service may be so mastered, that words derived from them will always convey
the meanings they bear independently of Such explanation as is to be looked for from a Glossary or a
ILexicon.
Supposing, indeed, that a much more comprehensive and critical acguaintance with the languages of
India existed than that which usually prevails, Such knowledge will still not be always sufficient to enable its
possessor to recognise a native word, however familiar to him in its original characters, in the unusual and
often preposterous form in which it appears when represented by the English alphabet. Of course, English
documents cannot admit Oriental letters; and Indian words, when transferred from their native garb to an
English dress, are often So strangely disguised, that it is always difficult, sometimes impossible, to identify
them. The causes of their transfiguration are easily understood : they may have been written down by the
European functionary from native enunciation, agreeably to his conception of the sound, without advertence
to the original characters, the only guides entitled to reliance : the ear is far from accurate, particularly the
English ear, which is unaccustomed to a definite system of pronunciation in its own alphabet, especially as
regards the vowel Sounds. The conseguences are, an entire misrepresentation of the original Spelling, and a
total want of consistency, the very same word being written in every possible variety of orthography.
Another Source oferror is the employment of a native amanuensis, who knows a little English, to write the
word, and in all likelihood, he will diverge still farther from accuracy than his European superior. The
term thus incorrectly and blunderingly set down has to be transcribed repeatedly by native copyists for
transmission to higher authority, and eventually, perhaps, to IEngland ; and ewery time that it is re-written।
there is a renewed probability of error. In this state it comes home, and is here re-copied by English clerks,
who are, of course, unable to correct the most palpable mistakes, and are fully Gualified to commit more. In
the last place, it has to be transferred to the press, the correction of which is entrusted to incompetent
revision, and by which fresh blunders are copiously grafted on the already abundant crop. Many printed
documents, of the first importance as to their Subjects, and upon which very great expense has been incurred
hy the Company,have been rendered almost useless by the innumerable inaccuracies which disfigure almost
every page. The collection, for example, known as Selections from the Judicial and Revenue Records, in four
folio volumes, containing many most important and valuable documents, is all but spoiled by the perpetual
recurrence of Such errors as Lo/tar and Sokar for Lohar ; Sale for Dal, Derkः and Desh for Derh ; Pottar
for Pot-ddr ; Sacinjammg/ for Sarinjami ; Kadarmaib/ for Kaddrambam. Such as these admit of correction :
others are more puZZling, but may be corrected conjecturally : Ba२ar-heetic/ः, is no doubt intended for
Ba2ar-baitho/ ; '/olicuddiam 62aa2 appears from the context to be designed for Mukaddam-karं ;
 PREFACE. iii

and Ooleim kale/ and Muddum kaley are intended for Uttama kalt and Madhyama kdli. Others, again,
bafile conjecture. It passes my ingenuity to propose probable substitutes for Barhee Matputti, Herymut
desa, or 62udeem seodi.jumma. The Selections are not Singular in this respect, and strange perversions find
their way into official reports, even when printed in India, where competent revision is more plentiful than it
should be in this country, In the reports of the judicial proceedings in the Zila Courts we have Jammee,
and even Jemmg/ for Jammt, “ one whoholds a birthright;" and Halfan, “ by or upon oath," is metamorphosed
to Hul Fun. Documents emanating from the highest authority are not exempt from such disfigurement.
In the Instructions to the Settlement Officers from the Governor of the North-west Provinces we have
Dhurkast for Durkhast ; and in the Decisions of the Sadr Aidalat we find Tan-khato for Tam/:/hacdh, and।
Joonmoohoostee for Junum-moohoortee, “ the hour of nativity.” Now, whether these be blunders of
transcription or typography, they are calculated to perplex even Oriental scholars, and are grave blemishes in
documents emanating from authority, and intended to communicate information on which implicit reliance
may be placed.
The deficiencies in this respect, of the published and unpublished documents relating to India, as well as the
want of a more comprehensive key to the numerous native terms employed than any previously compiled, having
been brought to the attention of the Court of Directors in August l842, it was resolved to adopt measures for
forming a Glossary of words in current use in various parts of India, relating to the administration of public
business in every department, the want of which had long been found a source of much inconvenience. Under
an impression that this could not be effected without the co-operation of the Company's servants locally
employed in all parts of India, instructions were given to the Supreme Government of India to call upon the
functionaries at the several Presidencies for their assistance. In order to serve as a guide for their proceedings,
a rough Glossary, alphabetically arranged, was compiled in the India-House, taken chiefly from a list of
words collected by the late Mr. Warden during his residence at Bombay, and from sundry printed collections;
and a Sufficient number of printed copies were transmitted to India for distribution to the several officers. In
this Glossary the words were inserted purposely as they were met with, without any attempt to correct them, or to
reduce their Spelling to a uniform system ; as, in the absence of the native characters, any attempt to represent
the words in those of Europe might only have multiplied the obvious inaccuracies of the original collection :
their correction was left to the Indian authorities, by whom the proper native orthography could be most
readily ascertained, and they were instructed to return the lists in an accurate form, and accompanied by the
native characters of the district in which the words were current. The authorities were also directed to add
to the collection the many words that were known to be wanting, and to subjoin full, careful, and accurate
explanations of their meaning. The copies were printed in such a shape as to admit of the insertion of the
reguisite additions and emendations, and several hundreds were Sent out from time to time, with an expectation
expressed that they would be returned in six months from the time of their distribution. The final
arrangement of the whole work was to be committed to the compiler of the present publication.
After a much more protracted interval than that of six months, the rough Glossaries found their way
back from Bengal and partially from Madras : from Bombay none returned. The latter default was not
much to be regretted, for however.judicious the design, its execution at the other Presidencies proved almost
an entire failure. Many of the lists came back blank ; of several the leaves had not been cut; in the far
greater number, a mere pretence of doing something was displayed by the insertion of a few terms ncither
novel nor important ; a few afforded some serviceable materials, especially when, as was fre५uently the case,
the task had been transferred to the subordinate officers, Munsifts, Amins, Sadr-amins, and Deputy-collectors,
the uncovenanted servants of the Company. Some of these did furnish lists of native terms, of a useful
description, written in both the English and native characters. Several of the native officers, however,
misapprehended the object of the collection, and admitted a copious infusion of words which had no peculiarly
official significations. More than one, indeed, in Upper India, turned to Shakespear’s Hindustani Dictionary, and
deliberately covered the blank pages ofthe Glossary with words taken at random from the Lexicon. The practice
was tooglaringly obvious to be doubted ; but it was confessed to me by one of the perpetrators, Mir Shahamat
Ali, whom I taxed with it when in England. He was an individual eminently ५ualified to have responded
to the intentions of the Court as an efficient public officer, a scholar, and a man of ability ; but so little interest
was felt in India in the subject, such was the unwillingness to devote any time or trouble to the task, that
even he cvaded its performance. The same feelings pervaded the service in Bengal. At Madras, matters
iw 1PREFACE.

were not much better. The returns were collected by the Persian and Telugu translator to the Government,
Mr. C. P. Brown, and embodied in one compilation. The character which he gives of those returns shews
that they were egually meagre and insufficient as those of Bengal. He has since printed them, enlarged with
additions of his own, under the denomination ofaZillah Dictionari/, the utility of which is somewhat impairedby
the erroneous explanations derived from the documents with which he had been furnished, From his aggregate
collection in manuscript, some useful terms, howewer, have been obtained, although their accuracy has been
rendered occasionally guestionable by the observations of the Board of Revenue on the printed form which was
not received in time to be made much use of From Madras, also, came two serviceable lists supplied by the
Residents at Mysore and Hyderabad, Generals Cubbon and Fraser. From Bombay, as already observed, not a
single list has been returned. The fate which has attended a measure so judiciously conceived, and so well
calculated to have brought together a large body of valuable information of the most authentic character, is
far from creditable to the public Zeal and philological proficiency of the East-India Company's Civil Service.
One honourable exception must, however, be acknowledged. “ Observing with regret that the call for
information had not been responded to, except to a very limited extent, by any of the officers under the
control of the Board of Revenue of the North-western Provinces,'' of which he was then a member, the late
Sir Henry Elliot–whose early death has deprived the Bengal Civil Service ofa most Zealous and accomplished
Oriental scholar, and an enlightened and efficient public officer-undertook to supply the deficiency, and to
put together the information he had collected respecting the tribes, the customs, and the fiscal and agricultural
terms current in Upper India. The collection was printed under the modest designation of a Supplement to
the Glossary, and contains a number of local terms of the most useful and authentic description, arranged
alphabotically according to the order of the English alphabet, but accompanied by the native characters, both
Arabic and Sanksrit, and expressed according to the modified system of spelling devised by Dr. Gilchrist, as
well as that of Sir William Jones. The greater portion of the contents of this collection are embodied in the
present, but some, especially the articles relating to the diferent Hindu clans and tribes, have been
necessarily abbrewiated or omitted, as assuming a higher character than that of the mere items of a Glossary,
being, in fact, memoirs subservient to the History of India- The north-west provinces of Hindustan limit the
extent of the compilation of course to Hindi and Urdu terms, and unfortunately, also, the compilation stops
with the letter J. As far, however, as the Supplementgoes, it is a contribution to the compilation contemplated
by the Court, of which the value and merit cannot be too highly estimated.
The first returns of the blank Glossaries from India having proved that little aid was to be expected from
that guartor, it became necessary to look round for other sources of information ; and in the first instance, at
least, to make use of such as were in print. Of this class were Gladwin's Dictionary of Mohammadan Law
and Revenue Terms, Rousseau's Wocabulary of Persian Words in common use in India, and the Indian
Wocabulary of Lieutenant Robertson. For the south of India there were the technical terms attached to Morris's
Telugu Selections, Brown's Gentoo Woeabulary, and Robertson's Glossary in Tamil and English of words used
chiefly in the business of the Courts. There were also, for general reference, the Indices of the Regulations,
whether attached to them separately, or as collectively formed by Dale, Fenwick, and Small, the Glossary
of the Fifth Report, and, above all, the Dictionaries of all the principal languages, in which a great number
of technical terms are necessarily comprised, although the explanations are not always as full and particular
as could be wished. The most comprehensive of them in this respect are Major Molesworth's Marathi Dictionary,
Roeves's Karnata Dictionary, and Mohammad Kasim's Dictionary of GuZarathi. The Bengali Dictionaries of
Carey and Houghton are singularly defective in technical and colloguial words, Steele's Summary of the law
and custom of Hindu castes in the Presidency of IBombay affords a mass of very valuable information respecting
thewest of India, although sadly disfigured by an uncouth and unsystematic representation of the original words.
These were, in the first instance, available : manuscript materials were at first less abundant, and the only
oollections in the India House were a Glossary of Marathi terms of some extent and authenticity, compiled
for the use of the Bombay Government, and a collection of Malayalim words compiled by the late Mr, Graeme.
The stock of manuscript materials was, however, speedily and importantly augmented. _

A collection of Indian technical terms had been for some time in progress, made by my friend Richard
Clarke, Esg., whose connexion with the Privy Council in the matter of Indian appeals had impressed him
with the necessity of a general compilation of this description, and whose high position when in India as a
judicial servant of the Madras Government, and whose attainments as a Tamil scholar fully gualified him to
 PREFACE. w

5upply the want. He had accordingly been diligently engaged in the collection and arrangement of materials
for Such a work, and had accumulated alarge guantity of the most useful words selected from the Regulations,
from the Reports of the Committees of Parliament at different dates, from the Selections from the Records,
from the early Reports of cases decided in the Sadr Adalat of Calcutta, from Harington's Analysis of the
Regulations, Ellis's Mirasi Tenures, Malcolm's Central India, Buchanan's Travels and Eastern India, and
various other standard authorities. He had also formed lists of Mohammadan law terms, extracted from the
Hiditya, Macnaghten's Mohammadan Law, and Baillie's Digest, and of Hindu law terms from Colebrooke's
Digest and Law of Inheritance, Macnaghten's Hindu Law, and my Sanskrit Dictionary. There were also
MS. collections of words in the languages of the south of India, accompanied, in some instances, by the native
characters. These materials had been classed and arranged alphabetically, andconstituted an aggregate ofabout
six or sewen thousand terms. They were written according to the system of Sir William Jones, but not
accompanied by the native characters. The whole of these materials were most liberally placed at my disposal
by Mr. Clarke, when he learned that I was occupied in asimilar task ; and thegreater portion of them, all those
which came within the plan of the present compilation, have been incorporated with it, after verifying them by
reference to the authoritieswhencethey were taken,andsupplying, wherever practicable,theoriginal native letters.
Copious as were the materials furnished by these different sources, it was very soon evident that the supply
was far from exhausted, and that a great number of words employed in official documents still remained to be
collected and explained. Public documents respecting the judicial and revenue and other departments of the
administration of India have of late years been communicated to the public through the press with a liberality
which, although no doubt in many respects of great public utility, might perhaps be now curtailed with
advantage, as the voluminous extent of the publications may appal some who would wish to consult them,
and deter them from availing themselves of the information. Thus we have in print Monthly Reports of Cases
decided in the Sadr Courts of Appeal at Calcutta, Agra, Madras, and Bombay ; Monthly Reports of the
Cases decided in the Zila and subordinate Courts of Bengal, the North-west Provinces, and Madras, which have
come latterly to average about ?00 pages each, or 6000 pages per annum, or, altogether, l8,000 octavo pages
annually. Besides these, the Settlement Reports of the Revenue Officers of the North-west Provinces have been
printed, and, at all the Presidencies, Extracts from the Records for many years past have been published, or
are in course of publication. All these documents abound more or less with native terms, which, if not in all
instances strictly technical, are treated as officially current, and are therefore in need ofinterpretation. All these
have been gone over for Several years past, from 1846 to I863, and such words as were not previously included
have been added to the compilation.
Still, these, however ample, are not the only authorities which it has been thought advisable to refer to.
Warious other public documents are in print, calculated to supply additional materials, Such as the Circular
Orders of the Sadr Diwani Adalat ; Instructions to Settlement Officers emanating from the Government of
the North-west Provinces; the particulars of the Settlement Misl, or Collection of Official Forms ; and other
similar Documents. Others, originating with private intelligence, have been also found of service, Such as
Smyth's Bengal Zamindarf Accounts ; the clever Tract in Urdu and Hindi, termed Khet-karm, or Field
Business; the amusing and instructive * Revelations of an Orderly ;" and a host of contributions to the
Asiatic Researches, the Transactions of the Bombay Literary Society, the Transactions and Journal of the
Royal Asiatic Society, and the Journals of the Asiatic Society and Agricultural Society of Bengal, of the
ILiterary Society of Madras, and of the Branch Asiatic Society of Bombay. The great extent of these several
authorities renders it impossible to have bestowed upon them more than a cursory examination, and there are,
no doubt, still abundant materials to be gathered from them ; but they have been consulted with more or less
care, and from these and other works incidentally referred to, the collection has been carried far beyond the
limit which was anticipated when the task was undertaken. The Index of the Glossary exhibits an aggregate
of more than 26,000 words ; and although many of them are mere varieties of spelling, yet the far greater
proportion are leading terms, in their correct orthography, agreeably to the system which has been followed in
representing Indian words by the letters of the Roman alphabet.
The only trustworthy representation of an Indian word is its native costume : it can never be thoroughly
nationalised in any other : but as it has to take a place in English documents, and is addressed to those to whom
it would otherwise be illegible, it is the especial object of the present compilation to give it as faithful an
e५uivalent as the diference in the values of letters and the peculiarities of national enunciation will permit,
c
vi PREFAOE.

attaching to it at the same time, as a check upon the copy, the original delineation of the word in the letters of
its own alphabet, wherever verifiable, for the use of those who are gualified to make the comparison. To be
able to appreciate, however, the intention of the copy, and to make use ofit with advantage, it is necessary
that the principles upon which it has been developed should be properly understood.
The extreme and contradictory variety which prevails in the spelling of Oriental words has been often
made the subject of remark, and not unfreguently of censure. The latter may not be always undeserved ; yet
those who condemn are not always gualified to judge, and they often exhibit in themselves a most
perverse determination not to be set right. Above a century ago the most unexceptionable authorities
established by their example how Mohammed should be spelled, or nearly so, but to so little purpose
that it still is most common to write it Mahommed, and even Mahomet is still far from unfreguent. As
long as this disregard ofexactitude is So universal it little imports what animadversions may be passed upon
the want of it by incompetent judges; but those who should know better, those who are acguainted with the
original languages, are inexcusable when they write the native words without reference to their proper form,
and without any consistent or systematic mode of expressing them, each individual writing it as he hears, or
thinks he hears it articulated, and without paying any attention to its original alphabetical structure. It is
undoubtedly true that many of those who are in the habit of hearing and uttering native words'in the course
of official duty are unfamiliar with their written forms, and will not take the trouble to ac५uire a knowledge
of their alphabet. Even, however, when acguainted with the characters, they will not be at the pains
of acduiring a systematic plan of representing them, but write them according to the fancy of the moment,
and with a total indifference to consistency which produces the most needless and incompatible misrepre
sentations of one and the same word, to an extent that would searcely be thought possible if it were not
substantiated by daily experience, even in the most ordinary and simple words. It would, for instance, be
thought impossible to represent La/thiraj (from da, “ without,” and khirdj, “ tax,”) by any other letters, and
the disciples of the two chief propounders of schemes of Oriental orthography, Sir William Jones and Dr.
Gilchrist, would unhesitatingly concur in the representation ; yet notwithstanding the concurrence of the two
systems, and the simplicity of the original word, we meet with Lakhiraj under the monstrous disguises of
La/terage, Luckeradge, Lackiro2, Lackerage, La/ueerau2, and Leeakeera2ee. It is high time that such।
monstrosities should no longer be perpetrated or tolerated, and that the only remedy of which it admits should
be applied-the authoritative enforcement of a uniform system for the representation of the original letters by
those of the English alphabet. For this purpose a system must be devised, and then it must be learned. The
cause of the confusion is, chiefly, neglect of the latter. We have systems, good enough in their respective ways,
but few or none will take the trouble to study and apply them.
The representation of Oriental words by Roman characters has not now for the first time to be considered :
the guestion was most ably discussed nearly seventy years ago by Sir William Jones, and was placed upon its
right footing in his Memoir, which judiciously prefaces the Researches of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and
commences the first volume, printed in 1788. There are but two principles involved in the adaptation
of one alphabet to another : l. an analogous classification of the letters themselues, according to their
original arrangement ; or, 2. the representation of their sounds in eguivalents of similar enunciation ; in
other words, the one principle is analogy, the other, pronunciation. Sir William Jones adopts the former as
the more simple, universal, consistent, and Scientific, and as exempt from the anomalies and contradictions
which the English alphabet presents, in which, as he ingeniously pointed out, every wowel and a diphthong
may be used to articulate one and the same sound, as in the sentence “ a mother bird flutters over her
young,” in which every vowel of the alphabet and the combination ou has the sound of u in but. He also
instances, in the guotation from Maleherbe, the absurd results that would follow an attempt to transcribe the
original French passage according to even its French pronunciation,-an absurdity which we commonly,
though not invariably, avoid in ordinary life by writing foreign names, not according to their pronunciation,
but their original spelling. No one would think of writing Paris “ Paree,” Itousseau “ Roosso ;” nor, except in a
conundrum, T0alon and Toulouse, “Toolong" and “Tooloose ;" and it would be a sorry jest that should convert
Grisi into **Greasy.” We do not, therefore, follow sound alone in the Anglicising of European foreign
words ; and the principle is, if possible, Still less applicable to the languages of the East.
Not very long, however, after the system of Sir William Jones had been adopted by the Asiatic Society
of Bengal, the principle of pronunciation was taken up by Dr. Gilchrist, with relation especially to the
 PREFACE. wii

Hindustani language as written in the Arabic and Persian alphabet; and with great ingenuity he devised a
scheme for expressing the letters of one alphabet by the other, according to their prevailing sounds. This
plan he advocated with an earnestness which savoured something of extravagance; but his scheme, as finally
developed as his Hindee-Roman Orthoepical Ultimatum, was, with one or two exceptions, exceedingly well
adapted to its object, that of expressing with uniformity and consistency the Oriental characters in English
letters, in such a manner that English readers, unacguainted with the former, would be enabled to articulate
the words with a very near approach to their correct pronunciation. Here, then, is all that is wanted-two
ingenious systems, one based on analogy, one on pronunciation ; and it is only reguisite that a person
proposing to write Oriental words in Roman letters should make himself familiar with one or the other. It
has been more congenial, however, to the natural indolence and self-sufficiency of writers on Indian subjects
to study neither, but to blunder on without any previous preparation, to put down words at random, and
mystify the public with all sorts of incongruous creations.
Although fully adeguate to the determination of the principles on which the mutual adjustment of the
Oriental and Roman alphabets ought to be grounded, yot some of the details ofthe two systemshave been thought
to admit ofimprovement, and different modifications of both have been from time to time proposed. The system
of Sir William Jones was scrupulously adhered to by Mr. Colebrooke, and prevails in the Asiatic Researches,
and in the Journals of the Asiatic Society of Bengal and of the Royal Asiatic Society ; it was used, somewhat
modified, by Sir Charles Wilkins, in his edition of Richardson's Persian Dictionary, and in Shakespear's
Hindustani Dictionary ; nearly unaltered in Rottler’s Tamil, Campbell's Telugu, and Bailey's Malayalam
Dictionaries ; and, in a mixed form, in Reeves's Karnata Dictionary. Major Molesworth, in his Marathi
Dictionary, follows generally Dr. Gilchrist's system. The public authorities in Bengal also usually observe a
modification of Gilchrist's spelling, when they follow any system at all ; but there is little uniformity in this
respect. In l834, a vigorous efort was made in Bengal toestablish what was termed the RomaniZing system,
or the substitution of the Roman letters for the characters of the country, in all printed books, and the
project is still in operation to a limited extent. Competent scholars from different Missions, Dr. Duff,
and Messrs. Pearce, Wates, and Thomas ; and distinguished Mombers of the Company's Service, Mr. H. T.
Prinsep, the late Mr. J. Prinsep, Mr. John Tytler, and Mr., now Sir Charles Trevelyan, took part in the
discussion, and their several communications were collected and printed at Serampore. The different modes
of writing the Oriental words in Roman letters wore then fully and fairly considered, and a system nearly
identical with that of Sir William Jones was adopted, Again, in l845, an intelligent and ingenious
treatise on the mode of writing Oriental words, having especial reference to the present Glossary, by Mr.
Crow, Deputy Collector, was published in Calcutta, who was wrong only in supposing that the crude
spelling of the Draft Glossary was final. Still more recently, the subject has been taken up by the
Missionaries of England and America, and some eminent German Oriental Scholars and philologers ; and
several conferences were held, under the auspices of Chevalier IBunsen, for the purpose of fixing a standard in
Roman characters for the expression of foreign forms of spoech, whether possessed of alphabets or without
them. Proposals for a Missionary alphabet founded on these discussions, have been published by my friend
Maximilian Miiller, Professor of Modern Languages in the University of Oxford. There is no lack, therefore,
of careful and competent investigation of the subject; and although umiformity of practice has not been, and
probably will not be, the result, yet an approximation has been made to it, and the principle of analogy,
where alphabets exist, is recognised as preferable to that of pronunciation. Where the language is unwritten,
sound must be more or less the guide; but with such forms of speech we have no concern, all the languages of
the civilised races of India being provided with alphabets.
In the following pages the principle of analogy has been preferred, and the system of Sir William
Jones has boon pursued, with some modifications of dotail, which will be particularised in the remarks on tho
table of e५uivalents, which will presently be given. Their object will be rendered more obvious by prefacing a
few general rules for the conversion of one set of characters into another, and the observations which they
suggest. The rules are in general harmony with those acknowledged as the basis of the Missionary
alphabet. The observations have also reference to the propositions for its development.
I. The same letter should be invariably used to represent the same letter or the same sound: if a be
chosen as the representative of the short vowel, it should never be allowed to alternate with e or tt, ५ or “
II. The same letter Should never be used to express two diferent letters or Sounds.
wiii PREFACE.

On this account I object to the proposal to represent both / and ch by /ं, although etymologically there may
be an affinity between them, as pointed out half a century ago by Dr. Gilchrist, in his recognition of the identity
of kirk and church. Etymology, however, is admitted to be a somewhat unsafe guide ; and I would restrict
k to its guttural duties, on the same principle as, inconsistent with this rule, I conceive it objectionable to givea
double office to /, although it has such a duality in English, as in gin and gun. It is proposed, indeed, to
distinguish both the / and the g by printing them in italics when palatals, but the distinction is insufficient,
as it is one of form, not of value, and is both uncouth andlikely to be overlooked. My friend Mtiller’s “Gagatai
JKingis khan ” will be much more consistently and correctly written “ Jagatai Chingis khan," i. e, ch and
k each having but one power.
III. Simple letters should, as far as possible, be used for Simple letters.
On this ground, objections may be taken to the use of c/ ; but although written as two letters, it has in
English the power of but one: and although the nations of the Continent express it by combinations ofa rather
uncouth appearance, yet, as symbols have to be devised for Sounds which are foreign to an individual
alphabet, there is no good reason why one should not borrow of another. Ch, as a novelty, is not more novel
than / as ch ; and the one has an existence, which the other has not. On this, and on the use of aspirates as
simple letters, we shall have further occasion to animadvert,
It is sufficiently obvious, that if an alphabet of twenty-four letters is to express one of fifty or more, some
contrivance must be had recourse to, to extend the elasticity of the former. If the sounds are wholly and
radically strange, new symbols must be invented ; but if, as is most usual, they are only ५ualifications of
sounds, of which, in the unmodified form, symbols exist, the latter may be adapted to these expressions
Conformably to the following :
IW. Diacritical signs, lines, accents, or dots, are to be attached to the Roman letters, in order to enable
them to represent modifications of the symbols or Sounds which they themselves express.
The choice of these diacritical or distinguishing marks is matter of taste, or, more correctly speaking, of
convenience. Sir William Jonesobjected to the ordinary modes of characterisinglongandshort wowels as properly
belonging to prosodial distinctions ; and as the use of accents was familiar to some of the European languages, he
preferred their employment, and distinguished the long vowels by the acute accent in the middle of words, and
by the grave accent in the last syllable: he also characterised the cerebral consonants by the accent. Dr.
Gilchrist's representation of the vowels proceeded on a diferent plan altogether, and he expressed them by
special eguivalents. In his earliest scheme he distinguished peculiar consonants by Small circles above them, as
t, d, &c. ; but in his final alphabet he substituted dots underneath t, d, 8, ’, ’, and the like. Mr. Shakespear,
in his Hindustani.Dictionary, uses both, lines above or below, and dots underneath, as a, ं, %A, ं, ं, &c. ; and
Mr. Crow proposes, in various instances, a line, or a line and dot, below the letter, as g, ं, /ं, /ं. It seems
inexpedient, however, to diversify the diacritical marks beyond the distinction of vowels and consonants, and
the acute accent may be reserved for the long vowel, and dots underneath for the peculiar consonants : the
latter have the advantage of being typographically more convenient, of being unobtrusive to the eye, and of
being easily multiplied with any number of modifications of the original Sound, as will be hereafter shewn.
W. The vowels are to have the powers which they enjoy in mostlanguages except English, andespecially
in Italian ; and, as in ILatin, guantity is not to be represented by a diference in the letter, the long and short
vowel being held to be one and the same letter, the former being distinguished by the acute accent in
whatever part of the word it may occur, as a, 6, i, ं, u, tt.
It is in this respect that Dr. Gilchrist's system difers radically from that of Sir William Jones, and
violates the rule with which we set out, as well as the preceding, in representing one vowel, varying only in
the accident of Guantity, by two or more, as the short a by a, the long by a, the short i by i, the long
by ee, the short a by a new oharacter, which he proposed to be o, and the long u by oo. There is no doubt
that these eguivalents represent to an English eye and ear the sounds of the original wowels more readily than
the unaccented a or the accented i and t; ; but they do not represent the original letters, and destroy all
alphabetical identity. A vowel is the same letter, whether it be long or short, and in most languages, except
our own, is so written. To represent the long vowel by one symbol and the short by another is to create a
distinction where none exists, and to disjoin words which are closely connected. To change the short a to a,
and leave d to represent the long, divides words which are essentially identical, and places one at the head।
and the other at the tail of a dietionary. Dabee, for instance, and dabea, are radically the same word : the
 PREFACE. ix

latter occurs in Sir Henry Elliot's Supplement at an interval of forty pages from the former; in the presont
compilation, as D6bi and Dabid, they come as they should do together. However accommodating, therefore,
to national peculiarities, the Gilchrist vowel system will never be universally adopted ; and accordingly it
does not form an element in any of the schemes proposed for the Missionary alphabet. We shall have
further occasion to advert to this part of the subject.
WI. Consonants of the same elementary sound, modified only by pronunciation, but expressed by different
symbols, are to be expressed by one and the same symbol, distinguishing it as the eguivalent of the original
sign by dots underneath the letter, multiplying them according to the multiplied variety of the original
Sounds.
The multiplied modifications of sounds may be expressed by separate signs in the same alphabet, or they
may occur in different alphabets with their respective representations. Thus we have five or six masals in the
Hindu alphabets, and five modifications of 2 in the Semitic alphabets, each of which it is necessary to
represent separately, both with regard to the appropriation of the word to the language to which it belongs, and
to discriminate between words of very different significations, although very nearly similar forms. Thus, in
Arabic, /ंal means ** all ;" in Karnata, / ५/ is apayer ofgovernment revenue: they are not the same word, how
ever, even in form : the final l of the Karnata word being peculiar to its alphabet in figure, and slightly, perhaps,
in pronunciation : it is therefore distinguished from the ordinary l which the same alphabet also possesses by a
dot underneath. P6t, in Hindi, is “ a leaf;'' Pdt, in Marathi, is “ a plank:” the difference is in the t, which,
in the latter, is the cerebral, in the former, the dental letter : the cerebral then is to be distinguished by the
dot. T%r, Persian, is ** a wire;" Tdr, Hindi, “ a palm-tree :" the hard r indicated by the dot marks an
essential difference. In the mouth of a native there is no doubt a different enunication of these apparently
identical words, but the distinction is not easily caught by the European ear ; and as the general
articulation is the same, it does not reguire to be represented by any other than a modified symbol. In
proportion as these varieties increase, the diacritical dots may be multiplied to any reguired extent without
becoming obtrusive or uncouth, as would be the case with accents ; h, for instance, is typographically less
offensive than 7. In some cases the marks may be dispensed with, as in that of the nasals, the value of which
is commonly determined by the following letter, and n before k or / would be necessarily the guttural nasal,
and n before ch and.j the palatal letter ; and, except for the sake of systematic consistency, would not need
to be distinguished as p, p. It has been proposed in the scheme for the Missionary alphabet to represent
peculiar consonantal symbols by italies, or the cerebrals of the Nagarf alphabet for instance, t, d, by t, d; but,
besides that the presence of an obligue italic letter amongst the upright broad-faced Roman letters were
offensive to the eye, the contrivance would be able to represent only a single modification. It could not, in
the case of t be extonded to the Arabic to (e), and it could not be possible to repeat an italic 2 three times over to
represent the Semitie letter *o ('s), although that may be easily typographed as ३. The argument in favour of
the italic letter is, that all founts are already provided with t/em, and not with dotted letters : the latter can,
howover, be provided with egual facility, if reguired.
WII. The aspirates of the original letters must be represented in European alphabets by a double
letter, or the proper e५uivalents with the addition of /, as //, //, &c., considering the composite as representing
a single sound.
We have hore some slight difficulty as regards the English alphabet in the forms and powers of ch, //।,
s/ = these, to be consistent, should be treated as aspirates, which they are not; and they therefore constitute
exceptions to the rule, that a single consonant with / added is to be regarded as a single aspirated letter. In
ordor to avoid the dilemma, Sir William Jones proposed to distinguish the aspirates by an apostrophe,
separating the aspiration above, as in asadatt'ha ; Dr. Gilchrist, by a comma below, as U,h, /ं,/, &c. ; but these
distinctions are inconvenient and scarcely necessary. There can be no misconception as to c/ and sh,
whioh in English and in Itussian, as well as in the Indian alphabets, are simple sounds. T/ with the sound
of thata is not of frodutent occurrence, and, if it be thought expedient, may be distinguished by a diacritical
mark as aline underneath it, tl), or even the Greek letter C) might be borrowed, as it would harinonise well
enough with the Latin characters, So, ifit be considered indispensable that a single symbol should be always
omployed for a single unaspirated sound, the Itussian ch (प) and sh (III) might be pressed into the service.
WII. Whon it is necessary, as it is in the monosyllabie languages, and in some of those of barbarous
nations, to express intonations, these may be designated by conventional marks or figures placed above or
d
 X PREFACE.

below the letters, as has been proposed in the Journal of the American Oriental Society, Wol. IW. No. 2, by
the Hon. C.W. Bradley, late Consul at Amoy ; but we have no concern with these at present in the languages
of the people subject to the government of British India.
In conformity to the tenor of the rules thus laid down, I have adopted for the representation of the
Oriental words that occur in thesubseguent pages the system ofeguivalents described in the following Table,in
which it will be observed that the characters of the English alphabet have been enabled to represent letters, in
nine alphabets of thirteen Indian languages, without the introduction ofa single new character. Imay not be
found invariably to have adhered to the scheme as it appears in the Table, partly from my not having definitively
determined all the eguivalents when the compilation was commenced, partly from occasional inattention or
forgetfulness, and partly for Special considerations strongly recommending a departure from uniformity.
These deviations are, however, only occasional, and the Table may be accepted as embodying the plan which
I have conclusively adopted, and which I think will be found to provide for the representation of all the
alphabetical symbols hitherto known in India. The progress of events may bring other alphabets within the
range of similar representation, and to them the principles of the scheme will admit, it may be expected, of
its adaptation.

ARABIC. SANSKIRIT. ।
ENGLIsH. | PERsIAN. HINpr. . GUZARATHf./ BENGALi. । URIWA. TELUGU. | KARNATA. | TAMII.. |MALAwALAM.
URDU. MARATHI. | | |

A a _ चस। ।। २५ _ ज्य |थ e9 `ं . | e9 ` . । ०. . . . | (७०

A a ( T। खा । . । २५t t । । यो 1 । । च। । es गां . | es व् . | g, fr . । ७व्) ?
A a & * | तः | - – – ____ ___ ______ _____

Ai ai ५:' `* श्ट्रे ~ . । 5म ` . । । ६ . | क्षे' ं . | 30 यः । 30 ॐ. 93 ०ठS 8 । 6)og) 6)6)

Au au ७ौ 3 | स्रो ौ . २मी T. खैः । `* | ७ ८ १ | छ्ठ' त्र' | छ' त्राद्धं ç 3 6IT । 6१७ 6)ं)
B b ५-2 ? ब . ५ . व . ६) . ०.D . &JD . - • 6rD_!

Bh bh -{ं? • . . . | * . (* . उ . ©४ . &) . ॐ . _____ 63

Ch ch 6ं ’- | च . *५ . B . 9 . ॐ . aॐ . c=P . -2-!

Chh chh। •6* • `ल . ४५ . श् . 9 • प्) . ॐ . __ 42.(G

ID d भै9 • द . ९. . . . | क . ६) . 6 . ॐ . कृ 6

IDh dh •9.9 • ध . ५ . . | शं . &l • ॐ . ॐ . _ CO

I) d 5 . ड . S . उछ . 9ौ . ॐ . ॐ . '- • CUA9

Dh dh | .०5 . . . | ढ . . . । 2 . . . | छ . . . ॥ ६ . . . | ॐ . . | ॐ . . Cu७ ______

E e ७ ५ | ट ` | न्R ` | a ८ . | १ c . | '्y Tं . | 'े * . | 6T G . | og) 6)

। 6 ”– _____ 'ं७ * . | 'ं७ *९ । er 3 .
___ _____ _____ ______

F f ५-* * ______ ___ _____ _ ____ _ _____ _____

G g ०-* : | ग। अt . ११ 9ी . X . X . . dE5 . C/D

Gh gh | -4ं . . . | घ ५ . च 63 . 'ंGO &ं’ . ग” | ०-9J

Gh gh 8 * ____ _____ _____ _ ____ _____ __ ____

H h ८ ८ श् . ६) श्3-५ ॐ . . ___ oO

H h | P s | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | -
H !! ___ : . . . | * . . . । 3 . . . | 3 3 • 3 . ____ 3
I i ७ ५ | इ f. | ४ 1 . | ङे f. | २ ” ०। * . | 3 * . । 2) १ ६० T)
f f ५्टं 9 | शॆ १. _____ चॆ "ी . | & 1 -68 * . | -ॐ * ९ . | rगः * . । ०6४० ”ी
J j & * । ज . ०४ . . . ॥ छ . . . ॥ ६॥ 83 . व्3 . ____ ध्8
Jh jh __ `मः . vt . •|२ .. . g OOD ॐSb – । (ovo
K k 4) ४| क . % . दः . . . | G ४ . $ . . . | ८ . . . | a
K k | ७ * | - _____ ____ _____ ____ __ – | –
|
 ३०0 )'?
xi

द्वै। + ~। । ० ० । ० । ० 6 ं । । १ e s ०| l a g G ०० ' ं ।
ॐā ' य' ं । १ 8 ' ं ' g & ० ' ' ंध) श्9 2 ऽं]a! कॆ! d
। ६ । ।ौ । ।
-ः।
*|
ईā
| .• - ‘ |-G ६9
।।।।
.___|____ । ।।। । । । । । ।" । । ं ।
६ ॐ वं tºu' ं प्ठं )िd Gºds i ' 5 ६.tb' ंu' । ' ' ०! | ळ ' 3
ई_’
`*• | - - |• | २ | , ' ः,ं । । ० : , “ं । ।: : ; ; ; । ं ?' ं ॰ं
।. . . |. . | | . . . . . | ‘_ । । । । ।
द्वै3 ' ० ४. । १ ४2 । 3 । 3 धै & 3 ४१ ॐ ४० 8*ं४ं fo G-ं9 ४०5 ँ ?3श्8
इं:: ! ! : : ) : /०%) : :: : ; । ० {ः : : ॰०
द| ‘ ’ | ’ ’ | २ | .
ā3 । ० ४~ । 3 ४2 । 3 ६3 …___'
७ & ५३ ४? ? ४० $ ं ? - ' ' ं ॰ं - ' ७७ ॐऎ* ॐ४० 3ॐ ' ' ' ' '
3 ं; ४? *०४ १० G-23 ॰०
_* टछ____________
PREFACE.

ं| | || : | ' ' || || | ' ' ' 'ं | | ।ं ] | | | |

PउऽCईCE Oंछ्& (8)69 ६9C5 tऽ GCं C% ०7 ८एट्' G 5S A० OG’ (ंँए'् Oऱ
४ " "_________४ ४_
`दं-_____* उि_v
`ं।।। । । । । ।| ' ' ' ' ' ' । ।' ः | l . . . . . || . . | | | | |
ā7ि iष्टु”* rºr ० ८ 59 ।े 9 & !* प्;इळ' 'ळ' ं; ?”? l9 ऽ7 1० +o J}9 J}9* *
इं_:/-: ।१ :।
*• | , | | .| | | _. | . . . | | | | ' ः | | . . . . | . .. . | ९ | | | l l
Bठ” ऽ;प्' प्;* ० =/{#' ग्’ x rvप्? 5ःb* पु' त्रऽ ~o vo Go GO४ ज* Fr
०
F --________________________
= - -ः_________• ॐ . ._________% ५
ॐ ईं । । । । । । । । । । । ।। ं T । ' ' ं । ।• . | | . . . . . |. . . | | | | !
* = 3टि is H8 ºr Iम् • त्रि Kº Ir ‘क्रि प्र # +०P P ं न'Pr = Pr N० ७ My f fºr PG Fr
•
=v•x__*__*३९ *~ ५१ :~ः:~: -५_b____’ ‘२ -१
ई 3 =•W_१
इं ? द्वैa)*-5 – |* \ ० |•x|~st
।।|*० ।।|||| ।।|||_-"3a-$•
३ ३`~*_• ' )- २ं*) ' *y ) *b ) '*'।]"२b
• -M
*~v-2a$-१
#ः--_Tं ?--
:ः-*4- -, - = = =० =’ =: F* = " ० `०P- ?- -*=•..: 'ः. `E. • ॰. ॰. ..# .. 5 …. =. +•ः = `= ~ * -4 P s ‘ञ् s’ st s*
c
*
-= *-= __--4--
*द्र___-- ८ = - - -4: त्र य 2५Zः टः: टः *टः । ० -० a- 3- ~८ *’ *: 3. ā ० ०. ०: ०* ऊँ - F -- Fः -ः = - - = * - s ऽं s s: s*
xii PREFACE.

R B M A. R. K. S.

A a represents the short A of the Indian alphabets ; it is found in English plentifully as an initial, as in
** adore, amend, above.” It occurs also as a medial in ** woman,” and as initial and final in “America,'inall which
it has the dull Sound of the common English a in ** bud, but.” It is the eduivalent proposed by Sir William
Jones, although he allows its alternating with B, a licence incompatible with our Rule I. The A has had the
concurrence of Sir Charles Trevelyan, of the Calcutta Missionaries, Mr. Shakespear, Mr. Crow, and has
been most usually adopted in the Transactions and Journals of the several Asiatic Societies. The proposed
Missionary alphabet Suggests for the short vowel oe, ं, or ) ; but these are not necessary, and would be
inconsistent with Rule I. The same objection applies to Dr. Gilchrist's representation of a short, by a,
however more congenial that may be to the practice of our own language, and although the a as repre
senting the short vowel, constitutes a stumbling block in the way of English articulation, which, it must be
admitted, it is almost impossible to overcome. It is very difficult, almost impossible, to induce an English
reader to pronounce Man as Mum, Pan as Pam, Sab, Sub, Tha//, Thu//, and the like ; but the difficulty may be
surmounted with a little perseverance, and the spelling must be adhered to if consistency is to be observed. In
conformity, however, to the prevailing prejudice, I have fre५uently inserted, in leading Hindustani words
especially, the Gilchrist reading, as in Mam, Man, Thal, Tha/, as parallel with the more correct form. Since,
in the Index the letter U, either as an initial or medial, occurs twice over, the words that first come being
identical with those having an initial or medial A, those that Succeed having the proper vowel or Italian U,
they are separated by a short line, thus, Bhada, IBhadahar, eguivalent to Bhada, IBhadahar, and the like,
precede and are distinct from Bha, Bhaband; and Babool, IBaboor, precede and are distinct from Ba, Bad,
Baba, and the like. Leading words commencing with Uas 4, or as the vowel proper, are also separately classed.
The short A of the other Indian alphabets is pronounced commonly in Bengalf as O, but it is not so
written, the Bengalf being essentially the same as the Nagari alphabet, and the value thus given to the vowel
is merely provincial, and, in some degree, a vulgarism. I have not, therefore, altered the spelling, as the
object of all the above eguivalents is not the sound but the symbol, the letter as it stands in its own alphabet,
and not as it may happen to be enunciated.
A d is our letter in “ far, car,"expanded sometimes, in the pronunciation of Arabic and Persian words into
a broader Sound, as in “ ball, fall, water.” It is admitted by all the systems as representing the long vowel. In
the table it is distinguished, after Sir William Jones, by the acute accent. Dr. Gilchrist uses it unaccented,
as he does not need to distinguish it from the short 4 ; Mr. Shakespear marks it by the prosodial mark, a
line above the letter ; Mr. Crow would designate it by a similar line underneath ; but there does not seem to
be any reasonable objection to the accent.
The Arabic letter 8 has always constituted a difficulty, owing not only to its peculiar articulation, but to
its combining with the different vowel-Sounds ofa, i and a. Hence Meninskiproposed to retain it unaltered, in
which he has been followed by Richardson, Sir Charles Wilkins, and Mr. Johnson, and, in an abbreviated form,
by Mr. Shakespear. SirWilliam Jones adopted this modification in his Grammar, but proposed in his Memoir to
distinguishit by a circumflex, as d, t', d, which plan has been here adopted ; the appearance of the character itself
in the midst of English letters being anomalous, and, to persons not acguainted with the Arabic alphabet,
unintelligible, as for Duddt, Dट्टit, or for Allid, ट्टdhd, for ftabd, Ita"e, for Khildt, Khilā't s Sir Charles
Trevelyan agrees with Dr. Gilchrist in expressing it by a dot under the vowels : Mr. Crow would employ
two dots ; but as the letter is a peculiar one, it is perhaps best distinguished by a peculiar diacritical mark
of its own. Its representation by '/ in the proposed Missionary alphabet would be wholly inadeguate to
its verification, as in 4ialah, llm, Unr, and the like.
The diphthong Ai occurs in the word *aisle.” For Aa we have only, in English, the representative sound of
oa, as in ** hour,” but the compound is a + a, not o +u ; and the above therefore follows Sir William
Jones's plan, which is generally concurred in. Dr. Gilchrist proposed to express them by ae and uo, but few।
even of his disciples have followed him. Mr. Elliot generally writes them ei and oa, as in Beis for Bais,
Gour for Gaur.
B is uniformly rendered, as in “ boat, bad." The aspirate Bh, as Gilchrist observes, may be representedin
“ ablior" dropping the initial ; but it may be doubted if we have any exact eguivalents in English for these
 PREFACE. xiii

aspirated letters other than by the addition of the h, which, with the unaspirated letter, is to be regarded, as it
is in the Oriental alphabets, a simple sound.
The scantiness of the Tamil alphabet, Comprising but eighteen consonants, has compelled the
assignment of multiplied powers to certain of the letters, to enable them to express the Sanskrit words with
which the language is copiously infused : hence the e५uivalent of B L is also that of Bh, and is more
especially the representative of P and P/ : the differences of value depend, in this case and in the analogous
instances of K and T, upon the position of the letter. As an initial, the Li represents P, and so it does when
double in the middle of the word ; but whensingle as a medial it represents either B or I}/. Thus, Mahdbhdrata
is written in Tamil letters Ma/tdipdrata, but it is pronounced by native scholars correctly according to its
Nagarf valuation. Some difficulty occasionally occurs with regard to the reduplication of these letters as
medials. According to Beschi, the reduplication has only the effect of preserving for the letter its proper
sound, as pagaipptin is nothing more than pagaipdn. Rhenius, however, says that both are to be pronounced
hard, as in iruppa, not as Beschi would make it, merely irupu. The preservation or rejection of the duplicate
can only be determined by practice, the only essential point being the retainment of what may be considered
the especial value of P, K, and T', as a medial when repeated.
C, except in the combination Ch, does not ocour in the above scheme, Sir William Jones employed it
to represent the K of the Nagari alphabet, retaining the K for the harsher Arabic guttural ; but in that case
we employ two letters to represent but one, for the Arabic is only a modification of the guttural, not a distinct
power. C, in English also, is an inconsistent letter, having, in fact, no power of its own but that of K before
d and o, and of S before e and is its use is therefore apt to mislead. It took me some time to read Sir
William Jones's Cocila, not as Kosi/a, but Kokila, as it should be : So in a word in common use, Circar, we
have one letter for two sounds, and two sounds for one letter, a breach of all system. C is therefore
altogether discarded, except in the form of Ch, which, although written with two letters, is as much a simple
sound in English as it is in Sanskrit. Mr. Crow proposes to represent it by C, but all other English orientalists
retain the combination. The sound is peculiar in some degree to IEnglish and Russian, although the Italians
have it in ce and cio ; and its representation as tch or tsc/ in French and German is no doubt somewhat
uncouth. For this reason, as well as to distinguish it from the guttural c/, as in macht, nicht, the German
orientalists have latterly represented it by K with an asterisk, as K', and in the proposed Missionary alphabet
the italic K is suggested. To this I have already objected, as employing one letter to represent two different
letters, and therefore a violation of an important principle. There seems no reason for the non-adoption of
the English form : in either case the eguivalent is conventional : K' or K, with the sound of C/, is ५uite as much।
an innovation as would be the graft of C/ itself on the German alphabet. The power it possesses must be
explained and agreed upon in either case e५ually, and its being confounded with the guttural c/ might be
obviated by a diacritical point or gh. If, however, a single symbol that Could not be mistaken for any thing
else were thought indispensable, it would be preferable to borrow the Russian प. For English uses, however, it
will be far the most convenient to preserve the combination. The aspirate of Ch or Ch/ is to be considered as
a single Sound.
Here, again, we have a case of tho assignment of more than one power to one symbol in the Tamil
alphabet, and Ch can only be expressed by G*, which has to do duty also for J, for S, and for Sh. It has the
power of Ch when double, as a medial following certain letters or !, or when single following t, as in
।kdniyditchi. In Telugu, C/ before certain vowels has the sound of Ts, as Jhas that of D2, but these are
dialectical peculiarities, and do not alter the identity of the letter.
JD and D/, as dentals, reduire no comment: they are the same in all systems. But we have
another JD and Dh which are cerebrals, and are pronounced harder than the dentals, the d especially often
becoming in pronunciation like a rough r, as Ghoda is pronounced /hora. The letters, however, are the same.
We have only to deal with modifications of sound, and these may be distinguished in all the consonants by a
dot or dots underneath. Sir William Jones distinguished them by accents; but besides the advantage of con
fining the accent to the vowels, the form of the d renders an accent over it, as al, typographically inconvenient.
Dr. Gilchrist's final use of the dot, concurred in by Mr. Shakespear and Sir C. Trevelyan, has been adopted.
The representation of D in the English alphabet by the same letter in the Oriental alphabets has one
exception, and we have nothing for it in Tamil, as observed above, but T, which has the power of T, T/, D,
or Dh, according to its position : it is Tas an initial, or as a medial when double ; it is T/ or D when medial
and single. 6ः
xiw PREFACE.

E has the power of the wowel in French or Italian rather than in English, but we have it in the word
* there." In Sanskrit, it is always a long vowel, but in some of the languages of the south of India a more
prolonged sound is sometimes given to it, and diferent symbols are employed for it. Sir William Jones and
Dr. Gilchrist both represent it by one symbol, IB: the former accents it, as in Weda ; but I have thought it
better to retain the accent for the more prolonged Sound. The proposed Missionary alphabet suggests the
italic E for the long letter.
J'occurs with the same power in the Semitic alphabets. In the Indian dialects it has no representative,
but the aspirated P or Ph takes its place, as Faisala, Phaisala.
G is the English letter in ** go, gun,” Gh in **ghost.” In the twoleading systems G/ is written G'h and /,/ः,
but Mr. Shakespear and Sir Charles Trevelyan are satisfied with gh. The harsh Arabic guttural is a mere
modification of the same sound, and is therefore indicated by G/. Jones and Gilchrist rendered it simply by
gh. Shakespear underlines it o/ं.
For reasons already urged-the inconsistency of representing two different symbols by one, although in
this case Sanctioned by the practice of Our own alphabet-I must object to the use of G with the power of J, as
in “ gin, general,” as adopted by the German orientalists in the form of G', or as in the proposed Missionary
alphabet in that of the italic letter G.
H occurs in various modifications in the Oriental alphabets, but they are mere modifications of the simple
breathing, and may therefore be easily discriminated by dots: the two that are derived from the Arabic
alphabet are not very micely distinguished in Indian pronunciation. One may be something harsher than the
other, and so far agrees with the strong Sanskrit aspirate, whilst the softer breathing of the Nagari alphabet,
the Wisarga, or Sign of the nominative case, may be regarded as peculiar. Sir William Jones distinguishes the
harsher forms by an accent, as Alimed. Gilchrist and Shakespear distinguish it by a dot underneath it. I
have transferred the dot to the softer Arabic aspirate, as otherwise it would have been applied to two letters
instead of one, which would be typographically less convenient. I am afraid, however, I have not always
observed or rightly applied the diacritical mark, having for Some time hesitated as to its preferable
application. The representation of the unmodified flatus by an apostrophe, in the proposed Missionary alphabet,
as oe'ement for *vehement,” is too uncongenial to European habits to be readily concurred in.
। I short is as familiar to English as to the Continental languages, as in “ kin, king.” / long is less
familiar, but we have it in “ police, pigue, ravine.” The accent is according to Sir William Jones, Gilchrist,
as observed above, represents it by ee, which is objectionable on principle.
•/in English, as in “just,join,” corresponds exactly with the same letter in the Oriental alphabets. Foreign
alphabets have it not, and, as has been observed, German writers propose to render it by G' or by the italic G ;
but this has been already objected to, as using one letter to represent two sounds; and, as of Ch, it may be
said there seems no good reason why so convenient a symbol should not be borrowed from the English
alphabet. The objection as relates to German is its present power in that language of IT; but as G' for J is
egually strange to that alphabet, there is no ground for preferring one conventional sign to another, especially
when the one is a fact as regards English, the other a fiction as regards both English and German. The
aspirate J/ will follow the general analogy.
/Cis generally employed with its simple guttural power, as in “keep, king." The strong choking guttural
of the Arabic alphabet is only a modified sound, which may be expressed by a dot underneath, as K. Sir William
Jones, as above stated, reserved the K for the Arabic letter, and employed C for the simpler guttural. Gilchrist
employed for the former, 62, without its usual gualification 62a, as in 62a2i, in which he is followed by Sir
9. Trevelyan. Shakespear marks it, as here proposed, by a dot underneath, which seems the simplest and
most consistent mode of distinguishing it. To the use of K' or the italic K as the representative of Ch, I have
already objected, The aspirate Kh is analogous to the preceding aspirates, and is to be regarded as a simple
Sound There is also a minor aspiration as a final in Hindustāni, arising from the omission of the following
5llort vowel in the original, as Bhukh for Bha//ia. This may bo distinguished bya dot under the h, as h Bhakh;
but it is not perhaps material. Mr. Shakespear distinguishes it by a double dotunder the h, as kh.
4', as in “ Lord," needs no remark ; but there are twoother modifications of this somivowel which reguire
to be distinguished. One of them, the L of the Wodas, is used in Marathi, and in several of the languages
9f the south, being a rather harsher Sound: this I have donoted as L. The other is peculiar to Tamil.
Peschi says it is an /, “ ५uod crassiori sono reflexa omnino ad interiorom palati partem lingua pronunciatur.
Anderson calls it a cerebral r when medial, a cerebral / when final. Ithenius directs it to be pronounced
 PREFACE. xw

as lr ; but the late Mr. Ellis represented it by 2h, and he is followed by Mr. Clarke. As, however,
there is sufficient authority for its being a modification of L, I have preferred adhering to that letter,
marking it by two dots, as !. The enunciation is singularly obscure, and cannot be precisely represented
by any written characters.
-}/, as in “ mouth, mother,” is the same labial in the Oriental languages as in English. In Hindustani it
is often represented before a labial by m, as in Bambu, sometimes written Bambu.
_Woffers a greater variety of symbols. There are four in the Nagari alphabet, all whichexist in English,
although not distinguished by separate letters, the distinction not being in the letter itself so much as in the
influence exercised upon it by the letter that follows it, as a guttural, palatal, cerebral, or dental, as in the
words “ sink, change, ant, end,” as I have shewn in my Sanskrit Grammar, p. 5. Hence it is, perhaps,
scarcely necessary to provide the symbols severally with diacritical points, but they are added for the sake
of consistency, as n, n, ?, ?. There is another n which is peculiar to the Tamil alphabet, although little
different from the dental nasal in sound : this I have marked as ia, Again, in Hindustānf, and still more in
GuZerathi and Maritthi, there is a nasal, usually a final, though sometimes a medial, which is searcely sounded,
although it gives a sort of nasality to a preceding vowel, like the n in the French bon, soins: this it is proposed
to denote by a small circle below the letter g. These marks, however, have not been very rigorously retained
in the following pages.
O, like E, is in Sanskrit always long, but in the southern dialects there is a still more prolated guantity
of it, which has been therefore marked by the accent. Perhaps it were more correct to treat the former
letter as a short e or short o ; but they are scarcely as short as our e and o in ** bed ” or “ gone." They hold
more of a middle place, and are as often as not of Sanskrit derivation.
P reguires no remark ः it is the English letter in “ parent, pair." Ph is to be treated as a simple aspirate,
as in ** up-hill,” not as an E although, as there is no e५uivalent for it in the Indian languages, Ph is always
used for Such Arabic words as begin with I', as Fa/tir, Phaktr The use of the Tamil P (L) to
represent pl as well as U and b/ has already been pointed out.
62 is discarded from our system. Its employment for the Arabic K, as proposed by Dr. Gilchrist, has
been noticed.
Jं offers warious modifications. The usual semivowel has the sound of the letter in our ** round, ruin."
We have next a rougher r, and its aspirate r/, which, in Hindustani, alternate with the cerebral letters d, dh.
Gilchrist, considering it as a nominal deviation from d, did not think it necessary to assign it a separate
symbol ; but Mr. Shakespear discriminates it as here done, by a dot underneath. The alphabets of the south,
Telugu, Karnata, and Tamil, have a second and harsher r, which is similarly distinguished as r. As, however,
it is not, like the Hindustānf letter, an alternation of d; and as it offers some peculiar changes, it would have
been better to have given it its peculiar mark, and written it with two dots, or r. In that case the third
r of the Malayalam alphabet should be distinguished by three dots, not by two, as has been done in the
following pages. The r of the Tamil and the r of the Malayalam are also, in some respects, identical, as,
when doubled, they have the power of a double tt ; thus Arri becomes 4!!i, in which form it appears in
the Glossary, this being one of the cases in which a departure from systematic uniformity could searcely be
avoided. _ _

In connexion with R we have further to provide for the wowel-sounds of Sanskrit ri and rt, modified in
the southern dialects as ru and ra. A dot under the r, as proposed by Dr. Gilchrist, is a Sufficient
distinction, ri, rt, ru, rti.
The modifications of the sibilant, as occurring in the same, or in diferent alphabets, reguire diacritical
designations. The simple sibilant of the European and Indian alphabets, whether of Arabic or Sanskrit
origin, is expressed by S, as in “ Sun, sound." The palatal S of the Nagarf alphabet has no exact e५uivalent
in English, but may be indicated by s, as by Shakespear : it is the & of Sir William Jones. In the dialects
it is commonly pronounced, in words of Sanskrit Origin, as sh somewhat Softened, and it is So reprosented
by Molesworth, Stevenson, Reeve, and others. The main objection to this is its being confounded with the
more genuine representation of sh in the Sanskrit cerebral,and in our “ shore, Shun ;” and it is not exactly s/,
although a thickened sound of the s. However, in conformity to a practice so general, I have given, in
many instances of leading words, both forms, as s and s/. The Arabic alphabet has another form of s,
that called gdd or sactid, which, in India at least, is a simple sibilant, although among the Arabs it may have
a modified sound; by Erpenius it is called Dad, and by De Sacy, JDhad, making it a dental, but this is
xwi JPREFAOE.

not observed in India : to distinguish it from the Persian sin and Sanskrit s and s, two dots are subjoined,
as g. A third modification of S, agreeably to Indian pronunciation, occurs in what is more properly
the English lisping Sound of th, as “ thin, then ;" so that thulth becomes in India undistinguishable
from sals. In order to denote the diference it is written in the scheme with three dots below, as ४. In
the Niskh alphabet it is termed thai mathalatha, or the trebly doted th, the dots being above, as e.
The sh of the Nagarf alphabet finds an exact representation in the English sh, which is not to be considered
as an aspirate. It is a continental difficulty ; but there seems no great reason why it should not be
borrowed from the English alphabet, unless the Russian form be preferred, which has the advantage of being
a single symbol.
T, the simple dental, has the same power in both families of languages as in English * tune, time.” It
occurs also as the cerebral letter in the English “ ten, trumpet," and the Italian tatto. Its representation of d
in Tamil has been explained above. In some of the dialects of the west and south, the dental Tis pronounced
almost like the English th in “ thin ;” but this is provincial, and the alphabetical character is merely T Th and
Th, dental or cerebral, are to be regardedas simple aspirates, and never as the English T/ in ** think." Ifever
necessary to represent this Sound, it might be done by placing the dot under /ं, as Th, or by the use of the
Greek Theta. The Arabic to (५) has, in that language, its peculiar articulation, but it is still only a modified
T', and in India no difference is made. It is sufficient to distinguish it by a double dot as /', as is done by
Mr. Shakespear.
Although, as a principle, the representation of pronunciation is not attempted in the present scheme, yet
occasional departure from the rule is not always to be avoided, as has been instanced in the case of the double
r of the Tamil and Malayalam becoming double tt. So, in the latter language, the cerebral !, although
correctly written, is with a singular perversity, so constantly pronounced as a cerebral d, and that in words
of constant recurrence, that to have adhered to the proper form would have tended to produce greater
perplexity than a breach of the rule; thus /ःudi, and its derivatives /ंudidn, &c., are properly written /ंati,
and mdd is written m/it ; but they would not be recognisable under the correct Spelling, and in these cases
d has been substituted for t.
The vowels U and U have the Italian sounds proposed by Sir William Jones, and coneurred in by Sir
Charles Trevelyan, Mr. Shakespear, and the majority of authorities: we have the sounds as well as symbols in
“ full" and ‘*rule.” Shakespear marks the long vowel by the prosodial mark ā ; Mr. Crow by the same under the
letter ८. Dr. Gilchrist adopts oo for the long u, and suggested a new oombination, o, for the short. His
disciples, however, have abandoned this form, and are content to write both the wowels in the same manner,
as in the English words, “ foot, fool." The proposed Missionary alphabet distinguishes the long vowel by the
italic letter u।
7has the same Sound in Sanskrit as in English ; but in Bengalf and Uriya it is always changed to B, in
symbol as well as in Sound ; as bdri for udri, barsha for parsha. The same change is not unfreguent in Hindi,
as baras for parsha, sambat for samuat, whilst, in GuZarathi, if we may trust the Dictionary, there is a curious
propensity to reverse this arrangement, and write t for b, as ptjha for bi//id, ctmo for bimd. In all the
dialects, also, there is a perpetual tendency to approximate the sound of t; to that of u', or to substitute the
latter altogether. Even in Tamil, in which the pure pronunciation of a is preserved according to
Anderson and Rhenius, the change is not uncommon, and pdram is most fre५uently written audram.
According to MirZa Ibrahim, the acau of Persian should be pronounced cau, yet in Hindustant words derived
from Arabic and Persian it is ५uite as often to as o, as adaki/, ca/t/, uastr, ca२tr. In Marathi, according to
Stevenson, we have both sounds,but for the same letter, व, the one exactly tu, the other more like t', especially
when before i, t, and e, and combined with ri or r. In Malayalam, Spring says it is t', and only ac in
Composition, as Sadar7a. Peel and Bailey make it to ; but the fact is that which is intimated by Mr. Clarkson,
in his GuZarathi Grammar, the uneducated approximate the sound to tu, the educated to p. The use of ac for
?’ is, in fact, a sort of Indian Cockneyism, but as it is very prevalent, I have admitted the ad to be the
representative in various words of the Sanskrit r. As a final letter, c in the dialects often assumes the power
of u, as in GuZ. pau is pronounced pau.
It has been sometimes the practice to represent the Sanskrit ksh by the letter ar, and there is no great
objection to the e५uivalent ; but Ash is an acknowedged compound of k and s/, and its representation,
therefore, by a single letter would be unsystematic, neither is it necessary ; and I have therefore, in the
(Glossary, always retained the compound fortn.
 PREFACE. xwii

The semiwowel I’ finds uneguivocal representatives in both classes of alphabets, as in “ yoke, young.” In
Bengali, when uncompounded, its power is that of.j, a curious contrast to the German, which gives to ; the
power of /. The proposed Missionary alphabet retains y.
It is ५uite a characteristic distinction between the Sanskritic and Semitic dialects of India, that the former
are utterly destitute of the symbol and the sound of Z, whilst in the latter we have no fewer than five
Inodifications. In the original Arabic these letters have individual powers, but with the exception of २/।,
the sound which were best represented by the French j in “ jour," no difference of pronunciation is
made in India. As it is, newertheless, necessary to preserve the distinctions of the form, for the sake of
identifying the Roman with the Arabic orthography, this is effected by the same method that is followed
in the case ofother multiplied modifications by the number of dots, and the several symbols occur, as 2, ं, ं,ं ;
२/ reguires no mark, but it is to be regarded as representing a single letter.
By these simple arrangements, then, which do not pretend to the merit of originality, but are derived from
the practice of those Orientalists who have devoted the most careful consideration to the subject, the
various characters of nine alphabets current in India, amounting to sixty-four, have been, without any
difficulty, represented by the twenty-four letters of the English or Roman alphabet. It is no part of the
present inguiry to extend the application of the scheme more widely, but the principle could no doubt
admit of its extension to all the modifications of those sounds which the similar conformation of the organs
of speech in all the races of man establishes in all spoken and written languages. There may be occasional
novelties,but the greater portion of articulate Sounds must be the Same in all languages, and their modifications
do not change their identity. The Tamil / or /r is still an l, and the Arabic /ंdf is a k ; and they may,
therefore be expressed by those letters, indicating their modified enunciation and use by diacritical signs. Of
course, for the purpose of expressing such signs, Special characters must be added to the types now employed
in English alone; but the use once established, there would be no more difficulty in furnishing the Roman
type intended for printing any foreign tongue, than there is now in eguipping a fount with italic letters
and the marks of punctuation.
This supposes a systematic plan for the representation of foreign tongues and Roman letters, but
without insisting upon a very rigorous observance of the laws of such a system, it is obvious that it
is very possible to introduce a scheme of eguivalents which will advantageously displace the arbitrary,
unphilosophical, and conflicting modes of writing Oriental terms,by which most publications regarding British
India have hitherto been disfigured.
Any representation of the words of a language by other than its own characters will, however, be
more or less unsatisfactory, and will fail to inspire implicit reliance, unless checked by a comparison
with the original letters. I have therefore endeavoured to ascertain the original forms of the words in
their respective characters, and place them in contiguity with their English representatives. As the
Oriental characters are not given in the official documents, their verification has been effected only by
a laborious search through Dictionaries and original authorities. In a very few Cases I have been unable
to verify the original spelling, and in that case, if the authority was guestionable, have omitted the word :
when, however, there was reason to believe it genuine, I have inserted the term with a mark of
interrogation, as “ Maij-Mawasa (?) H.” In some cases, the doubt has extended to the language, as in the
case of “ Hari, Haria," where the interrogation takes the place of the initial representing the language. In
the case of the slang of the Thags, the words are taken from Colonel Sleeman's Wocabularies, which
do not contain the native characters, and rest entirely upon his authority, the English spelling which, in
his lists, follows the system of Dr. Gilchrist, having been adapted to that used in the Glossary. The
names of the servile tribes, as given in the various public reports on the subject, are also unaccompanied
by native characters; and, in general, Sad havoc has been made with their orthography, In some cases
they have been traced to their originals, and the names of others have been verified, by which, also, a
source of much misapprehension, occasioned by looseness of language, has been corrected ; as where it is
said, in the Bengal Reports, that the slaves are termed kaits, kumars, chasas, kaibartts, and the like.
They are no such thing: these are the names of castes who, for the greater part, are free and independent,
but who furnish domestic or praedial slaves, their children being sometimes Sold to slavery, or they
become bond slaves themselves. There are, no doubt, slaves of these castes, but not by wirtue of the caste,
which is not necessarily Servile.
.f
xviii। PREFA0E.

The original alphabets amount to mine, the Arabic or Niskh character being applicable to Arabie,
Persian, and Hindustānt, and the Devanagarf to Sanskrit, Hindi, and Marathi ; the others have
their respective individual alphabets. The preparation of so many unusual characters has been a matter
of much cost, time, and trouble ; but it is due to Mr. Watts, the printer of the Glossary, to acknowledge
the invariable readiness with which he has Supplied the reguisite founts, constituting, with other Oriental
types in his possession, a richness of Oriental typography which no other press in this country can boast,
and which is rivalled only by the Imperial Press of Wienna.
Composition in such diversified and uncommon characters has unavoidably led to some inaccuracies, to
the correction of which I have not been myself always Sufficiently attentive. My friend, Professor Johnson,
has supplied me with some errata, chiefly in Arabic and Persian, and it is probable that other Oriental Scholars
will discover more. In Tamil I have had the benefit, for the most part, of the revision of Mr. Clarke. But
when all the circumstances are considered, the comparative infreguency of Oriental printing in this country,
and the impossibility of obtaining ५ualified assistance in the correction of the press, it will not be thought,
perhaps, that the errors are very serious, or exceed a limit that might reasonably be expected.
Some mistakes will, no doubt, be observable, which may be ascribed to an imperfect knowledge of the
severallanguages from which the terms are taken, amounting to thirteen-Sanskrit, Hindi, IBengali, Uriya,
Marathi, GuZaritthi, Tamil, Telugu, Karnata, Malayalam, Arabic, Persian, and Hindustani, besides a few
from other dialects. Of course I do not pretend to be conversant with all these tongues. Of some of them
I may have acguired more or less knowledge, but of the greater number I have little more than the letters
and the most elementary rudiments, Sufficient to enable me to consult a grammar and a dictionary. The
interpretation of the terms collected, however, it must be remembered, does not usually rest upon my
responsibility. Their application, and, in some instances, their explanation also, lies with the authors of the
documents whence they have been extracted ; and there is evidence that the words are not always consistently
used or accurately defined. In general, however, the sense of the words may be made out from the context,
and their use is not so much characterised by the want of correctness as by insufficiency of detail and
absence of precision. Errors of explanation, however, do occur, as in one report, where Be-ddinistagi is
explained “ knowingly," when it implies exactly the reverse : it is possibly, however, a typographical error for
06-ddinistagt, which would have the meaning of ** with knowledge.” Difference of interpretation, however,
may occur, without any mistakes being committed, as the word possibly bears a different sense in different
places. 4har, for instance, usually implies a small pond, but in some places it means a continuous
embankment. Chatacar is explained in one place ** the land between the houses of a village and its arable
land,” and in another, “ the homestead or ground adjacent to a house.” Perhaps this is rather want of
exactitude than a different meaning. In a recent document, Foras is explained “ waste land adjacent to
cultivated land, and granted to the cultivators of the latter at a guit rent :" this is not wrong ; but a
Subseguently printed report on the Foras lands of Bombay shews that it is not Sufficiently comprehensive, the
Foras lands forming an extensive part of the Island of Bombay reclaimed from the sea, which the inhabitants
were encouraged to bring into cultivation by alow rate of rent. These are imperfections which the multiplication
of authentic documents will gradually amend. _

Even variations of spelling are not always to be regarded as originating in error : they may be local,
arising from dialectic peculiarities, and the inability of one alphabet to express the letters of another. Jamin
for Zamtn, Jaminddr, or even Jamiddr, for Zaminddr, are not wrong: they are the necessary forms which the
Arabic words must take in the Hindi, IBengali, and other Hindu characters, &e, ; Tadllaka necessarily becomes
Taluk in its Hindu version ; and Māphi and Maimld represent what are originally Muddf and Waddim/at.
In the arrangement of the contents of the Glossary I have thought it advisable to bring compound and
derivative forms under their general parent, as likely to give a more definite notion of their purport. This
classification has recommended the occasional introduction of words that may be regarded as not at all technical.
4b, “ water,” for example, is an ordinary Dictionary term, but I have inserted it at the head of its compounds,
such as 4bddr, 4bi, Afhistant, which have a special or technical application, the force of which will be better
appreciated when the meaning of Af) is referred to I have, however, been chary of this extension, and many
Such general words will not be met with.
As a conseguence of arranging compounds and derivatives under their respective primitives and radicals,
a strictly alphabetical order has been departed from, and this has imposed the necessity of adding an
 PREFACE. _ xix

Alphabetical Index. Such an addition was also indispensable, for another reason, constituting the main
usefulness of the compilation. The forms under which mative words occur in public documents are much।
more freguently wrong than right-corrupt and blundering misrepresentations of the original. Wet it is of
them especially that the uninitiated reader reguires to know the signification ; and in order to provide him
with this assistance, whatever corruptions have been met with have been inserted. There are probably still
more to be found, for it is impossible to affix limits to carelessness and ignorance; but most of those which
are most freduent have been, it is believed, included, In order to avoid repetition, as well as to shew what
the words ought to be, the corruptions are grouped round the correct form ; as, JKabttliyat, corruptly
Cabooleat, Kabooleat, Cubalyt, 62uobooleut, Coobooleat, Kubooleeat, Kaboolet, Caboolyat ; and the reader
meeting with either of these has to turn to Kalittliyat only, for its signification ; but of course, without a
previous knowledge of the correct form, he will be unable to recur to it, and the Glossary would be an
instrument of which he could only imperfectly avail himself This difficulty is obviated by the Index, which।
is invartiably alphabetical, and in which, it is hoped, will be found whatever term may be desiderated,
whether correct or corrupt. The references to page and column will not be attended with any material
embarrassment: that which is made to the line of each column may be less readily effected from the omission
of the figures which should have been inserted at least in fives or tens in the margin ; but the advantage of
such addition did not occur to me until far advanced in the work; a little practice, however, will soon
render this reference also sufficiently easy, especially as every column contains the same number of lines, or
forty-five. The preparation of this Index, the work of my own hand alone, has been attended with some
labour and still greater delay, and has retarded the publication. It is, however, at last completed, and will,
it is hoped, be found of use to the servants of the Company, and to all who, in England or in India, may
wish to understand the objects and implements of the civil administration of the latter country.
Although these preliminary observations have perhaps rather exceeded the limits of an Introduction, it
will probably be expected that some account should be given of the several languages from which the words
of the following compilation are derived, especially for the benefit of those by whom the diversity of tongues
that prevails in the territories of British India may be imperfectly appreciated. This unacguaintance with
the polyglot nature of the current speech of India is not confined to individuals who have had no opportunity of
personal observation, but may sometimes be evinced by those from whom more accurate information might be
anticipated. Adistinguished public character, for instance, a member of the late Committee of the Commons
for the affairs of India, and long known to be conversant with its interests, observed to me, when I had
occasion to mention Malayalam, that it was a language he had never heard of before ; yet it is an ancient and
cultivated form of speech current through an extensive and well-known tract of country, and the vernacular
language of numerous suitors in several of the Judicial Courts and Revenue Collectorates under the Madras
Presidency.
The languages of British India resolve themselves into two classes, although in somewhat unegual
proportions; the speech that has grown up from an admixture of the original languages of the Mohammadan
.’ , ॰-- conguerors with those of the Hindus, Urdd or Hindustani, constituting one class, the other being formed of
। ं;., the diferent dialects of the Hindus. The former may be considered as perhaps more than edual in extent
-ः ..’*५१cv
~~ to any single form of the latter, but it is loosely Spread, and at considerable intervals, over the surface. It is
ooncentrated only at the still subsisting Mohammadan courts, as Delhi, ILucknow, Hyderabad, It is
elsowhere restricted, in a great measure, to the Mohammadans, by whom, in many parts of India, especially
in Bengal, it is greatly corrupted, It is very commonly in use among the native officers of our courts,
especially in communication with their European superiors; and it is extensively, although not always
accurately, understood by the commercial and trading classes, It is understood, after a fashion, by the
Sipāhis of the Gangetic provinces, but the agricultural population are little, or not at all, ac५uainted with it,
even in Upper India, In the South it is, of course, wholly unknown to them, and is very little understood
by the other classes. When the College of Fort William was first organised, liberal encouragement was
hold out to native Hindustanf scholars to become instructors, and many of the early teachers were men ofhigh
litorary distinction among their countrymen. Several of them, under theguidance of Dr. Gilchrist, composed
usoful books, which were printed, and are still in use. Well-known Grammars and Dictionaries have also been
compiled by difterent European scholars, and ample materials,therefore, are provided for facilitating the ac५uire
ment of the language. The Bengal civilian is reguired to master it as one condition of his employment in the
 Xx PREFACE. v

Lower Provinces; for although Bengalf be the language of the people in most of the districts, yet, besides the
use of the Hindustanf in the Sadr Courts and in Calcutta, it prevails, in greater or lesser approximation to
Hindi in the Zilas of Bahar, Purnea, Tirhut, Saran, Bhagalpur, and Shahabad, and is therefore indispensable
even in the Presidency of Bengal.
Under the Mohammadan Government the language of judicial and revenue proceedings was Persian,
borrowing lavishly from Arabic, in which the principal legal authorities are written ; and until within a
comparatively recent period, the English Courts followed the example of their Mohammadan predecessors,
and all the proceedings were recorded in Persian. Although this is no longer the case, yet the employment
of that language, and of terms derived through it from Arabic for centuries, could not fail to influence the
spoken languages of the country ; and Hindustanf comprises a large proportion, perhaps a third, of Arabic
and Persian words. They are not wanting in Hindf ; and even the purer Hindu dialects of the South,
Tamil and Telugu, are copiously interlarded with technical terms borrowed from this source, and more or less
modified to suit the vernacular pronunciation.
As, besides the extensive use of official terms of Persian and Arabic origin, the latter is thelanguage of the
authorities of Mohammadan law, it has of course been necessary to comprehend it as well as Persian in a
vocabulary of the judicial and fiscal nomenclature of India, as far as it owes its origin to them. A full and
authentic description of the principal authorities on Mohammadan law, accessible in India by Mohammadans
and Europeans, is to be found in the Introduction to Morley's Analytical Digest.
Although the Sanskrit has not Supplied the administration of India with technicalities to the same extent
as Arabic, yet, being the language of the laws of the Hindus, it furnishes, in its unadulterated form, a copious
vocabulary of words relating to caste, to contracts, to inheritance, to marriage, and to a variety of the
incidents of Hindu life; and it still more abundantly pervades the diferent Indian dialects, Supplying them
with the ordinary designations of trades and occupations, the terms of agriculture, the names of plants and
animals, the affinities of relationship, and an infinity of words connected with the social circumstances of the
people in all parts of India which come within the scope of the present compilation. Combined with Arabic,
therefore, it forms the great groundwork of the official language of law, of revenue, and of manners
and customs throughout British India. The absence of a competent knowledge of it is painfully displayed
in most of the official documents, although the works of Colebrooke, Ellis, Sutherland, and Macnaghten,
besides sufficient elementary works, render a conversancy with its technology at least of comparatively easy
attainment. A like copious and learned account of Sanskrit authorities on Hindu law as that of the
authorities of Mohammadan law is given in the same valuable work.
1. .). As the most direct oftset from Sanskrit, we may begin, amongst the vernacular tongues, with the Hindi,
although the term is rather indefinite, being scarcely applicable toany single modification ofthe language spoken
by the thirty millions of the Hindus of Hindustan. Each province may be said to haveits own form of Hindi;
and in Bahar, Bhojpur, IBenareS, Bindraban, IDelhi, various Shades of it are known under the appellations of
Māgadhi, the dialect of Magadha or South Behar; Maithili, that of North Bahar or Purnea and Tirhut;
Bhojpuri, that of Bhojpur ; Ptirbi, Eastern, IBraj Bhakhā, or the speech of Braj, and others.
There is, however, a sufficient concordance to render any one form of comparatively easy acguirement
to one'who, in addition to a competent knowledge of Hindustan1, possesses a stock of Sanskrit vocables; for
the grammar of Hindi is, in the main, the same as that of Hindustani, whilst nine-tenths of its words are
Sanskrit. There is, however, a great want of the necessary helps to its ac५uirement. The peculiarities of
the Hindi dialects have never been investigated, and we have a grammar of only one of them, the Braj,
which is somewhat meagre. There is nothing that deserves the name of a Dictionary. The books usually
road, the Baftal Pachisi and Sinhasan Battisi, are little else than Hindustani disguised in Nagarf letters; and
the Premsāgar is the only work that is an authority of any value. There is, howewer, a Hindi Literature
of some extent, from which serviceable extracts might be made, particularly from the Ramāyana of Tulsi
Das, and the Mahabharata of Gokulnath, both of whichhave been printed, although little known in Europe.
From these and other available sources, and from personal investigation, it would be very possible to analyse
the specialties of each provincial dialect of Hindi, and thus render an important service to the philology of
Gangetic India.
। , , ’, The next immediate ofiset from the Sanskrit is the language of those provinces of the Bengal Presidency
in which Bengalt is current. The Presidency, as already observed, includes districts to which that language
 PREFAOE. xxi

is foreign, and in those in which it prevails, there are, no doubt, important local modifications. The Bengalf of
Midnapur is probably somewhat different from that of Chittagong ; I say probably, for, if possible, we know
less of the dialects of Bengali than of Hindi. Little was known of the language when the College of Fort
William was founded, According to my late friend, Ram Komol Sen, in the Introduction to his English
and Bengali Dictionary, there were no adeguate means of knowing much about it from the almost total
absence of any literature. With the College came into existence the books at present in use : they were
necessarily the work of Pandits, and they were conseguently little else than Sanskrit compositions with a
Bengali grammatical structure. Of late years, elementary as well as other works have rapidly multiplied;
and a list compiled by the Rev. Mr. Long shews a series of fifteen hundred publications in Bengali from
the presses of Calcutta alone. It is doubtful, however, if Sufficient use is made of this opportunity of selection,
and the publications in guestion are liable, for the most part, to the original defect: they are not the
language of the people. This character applies especially to the best dictionaries yet published, those of
IDr. Carey and Professor Haughton, both learned and laborious works, but works in which one may look in
vain for a large proportion, perhaps the largest, of the spoken IBengali. Here, again, is an ample field for
investigation, the successful exploring of which would be not only of philological but administrative
benefit. A real knowledge of the speech of another thirty millions of people should not be an object of
indifference to their rulers ; nor should the materials for its acguirement be suffered to remain imporfect,
even if no loftier aim were entertained than that proficiency in Bengali, which is reguired as a condition of
public employment from the junior civilian.
Conterminous with Bengalf on the south-west is the province of Cuttak, in which the Uriya language,
or that of Orisa, is current. It is framed from the Sanskrit stem, and of near affinity to Bengali ; but it has its
own alphabet, grammar, and vocabulary. We have a useful grammar and dictionary of Uriya by
Mr. Sutton, but the latter is scarcely sufficiently comprehensive. Of the languages of the barbarous tribes
inhabiting the hills and forests of the western portion of the district, the Khonds and Gonds, very little is yet
known : the population of the province is estimated at four millions and a half
Of the direct descendants of Sanskrit, which are current in Central and Western India, IBundelkhand,
Malwa, and the Rajput States, nothing is known beyond their general connection with the Hindi family ः
noattempt has ever been made, except in the Serampur translations of the Scriptures, to obtain any conversancy
with them, or convey a knowledge of them to others; yet it is evident, from the ५uotations made by the
late Colonel Tod from the great record of Rajputana, the Prithi Rai Raisa, that the dialects have national
poculiarities, which must be ac५uired before a free intercourse can be maintained with the people. The same
may be said of Panjabi, of which, at present, little or nothing is known, except as to its being one of the great
Sanskrit family. Since, however, the province has been “ annexed," we may hope to become ac५uainted
with its speech, and elementary works are beginning to make their appearance, although on a limited and
inadeguate scale. A well-digested and comprehensive dictionary should be set about without delay,
especially as in the Sikh books there are copious materials for Such a compilation, not forgetting, however, as
has been too often the case, the spoken language of the people.
Proceeding westward and to the south, we come to two important languages, which are those of the
Courts and Collectorates of the Presidency of Bombay-GuZarathi and Marathi, both members of the
Sanskrit stock. Little has yet been done for the first of these, and for many years we had nothing to apply
to but the very elementary work of Drummond, the Rudiments of GuZerathi and Marathi, published in
I808. In l829 a more copious grammar, by Mr. Forbes, of the Civil Service, was lithographed at Bombay,
and a second edition was printed in 184छ : since then other useful grammars have been published. We have
also a dictionary by MirZa Mohammad Kasim, which, although of limited extent, is very serviceable as far
as it goes. The population of the country is somewhat uncertain, but it is estimated at about three millions.
The Zila Courts in which the language is chiefly reguired are those of Ahmadabad, IBaroch, and Surat.
The language of the Marathas is still more important, as spoken by a still more numerous body of
people, and more diligently cultivated both by natives and Europeans, It has a copious literature of its
own, and this has been enriched by translations from English works of literature and science, as Duff's
History and De Morgan's Algebra. The Missionaries have also published a great number of tracts and
translations. We have several useful grammars and the very best dictionaries of any mative tongue in
Molesworth's Marathi and English Dictionary, an improved edition of which is in progress, and Molesworth
J/
 xxii PREFACE.

and Candy's Dictionary, English and Marathi. In these works we have what is So much missed in
other Similar compilations-the language of the people as well as thelanguage of the books, Still, however,
something has to be effected, particularly with respect to the dialects of the Marathi. That spoken in the
Konkan, for instance, differs so much from that which is current on the east of the Ghats, that the
Serampur Missionaries translated the New Testament into it as if it had been a distinct form of Speech,
which brought upon them the scarcely deserved severity of the late Colonel Wans Kennedy's criticism.
Wery possibly there are other modifications of which a knowledge would be of service. The population
by whom, in one or other form, Marathi is spoken, is rated at about eight millions. The Zila Courts
in which it is principally current are Ahmadnagar, Ratnagiri, Khandesh, Puna, Konkan, and Sholapur.
At Dharwar it is mixed with Karnata. Formerly, a knowledge of either Marathf or GuZerathf was
reguired as a condition of public service by the Bombay Government, but either was made secondary to
proficiency in Hindustanf ; and as it was the practice to attach the young civilian to the Court of a Judge
or Collector before his proficiency had been tested, it commonly happened that no test was ever applied,
especially with regard to a second language, and the latter was left to independent and voluntary exertion :
of course the acguirement was rare. Wery rocently, however, more stringent measures have been announced,
and the Bombay civilian is expected to gualify, in either Marāthf or GuZerathi, in nine months at furthest,
\ under penalty ofremoval from the service : the term allowed is something of the shortest.
The Presidency of Madras embraces a greater variety of distinct divisions and of languages than that
of Bombay ; and here we also lose that direct descent of the native languages from the Sanskrit which is So
unmistakeably evident in the Hindu languages of Central and Northern India. Modern philology traces
those of the South of India to the Ugrian, Tatar, or Mongolian stock, difficult as it is to comprehend how
or when the population of the Dakhin immigrated from the steppes of Central Asia. Whatever the
origin, however, of these languages, they are dependent upon Sanskrit, in a greater or less degree, for their
literature, and for the language of their religion, their institutions, and their government. Although they are
all nearly connected, yet there are obviously two main divisions, one comprehending Telugu and Karnata,
the other Tamil and Malayalam ; and we shall proceed to offer a few notices of them in that order, derived
especially from the remarks of the late Mr. Ellis, the most accomplished oriental scholar that has done credit
to the civil service of Madras.
The Telugu, as stated in Mr. Ellis's memoir, forming part of the Introduction to Campbell's Telugu।
Grammar, is the vernacular language of the Hindus on the coast of Coromandel, extending from the Dutch
settlement of Pulicat on the south,just above Madras, northwards through the Northern Sarkars to Chikakol,
and spreading westwards from the coast to the frontiers of Maisur on the south, and on the north through
part of Berar and the territories of the NiZam ; meeting on the north with Uriya, on the west with Marathi
and Karnata, and on the south with Tamil. It is conseguently the language of the Zila Courts and
Collectorates of Belari, Gantur, Nellur, Rajamahendri, Chikakol, Kadapa and Masulipatam, as well as
the non-regulation districts of Ganjam and WiZagapatam, and is current, according to estimate, amongst nine
millions of people. There are good practical grammars of the language by Messrs. Campbell and Brown, of
the Madras Civil Service ; and to the former we owe a dictionary, Telugu and English, of which the only
defect is its want of comprehensiveness. Reversed dictionaries of English and Telugu have been published
by Messrs Morris and Brown, and the same gentlemen have supplied very useful selections for study. There
is a considerable body of literature in Telugu, principally consisting of translations from Sanskrit, which
enters extensively into the body of the language. A knowledge of Telugu is reguired of the civil servant of
Madras before he is capable of public employment.
The Karnata, or, less accurately, the Canarese language, has an alphabet scarcely difering from that in
which Telugu is written, and the radicals of the twolanguages are essentially the same: a large proportion of
the words are also the same, whether indigenous or Sanskrit, modified by slight variations of inflexion and
peculiarities of pronunciation. There is a literature partly original, but, in a still greater degree, translated
from Sanskrit; but no Karnata works had been printed until lately, when encouragement has been given to
the publication of lithographed copies of some popular compositions. We have, however, long had a
serviceable grammar and dictionary of Karnata, the former by Mr. M*Kerrell, a Madras civilian, published
in 1820, and the latter, both Karnata and English, and English and Karnata, in four volumes guarto, by
Mr. Reeves, of the London Missionary Society. The former follows Captain Wilks in his description of the
 PREFAOE. xxiii

limits through which the language is in use-from Bedar, north-west of Haidarabad, passing by Adoni and
through Nandidrug to the Eastern Ghats, the course of which it follows until it passes by Koimbatur, and,
running to the north-west, ascends to the sources of the Krishna, whence it returns to Bedar. It is used
also, but with other dialects, on the sea coast in the interval between the Principality of Kurg and the
Portuguese territory of Goa, to which tract the designation of Canara is, with guestionable propriety,
restricted. The Zila Courts where it is chiefy employed are those of Honawar, Mangalur, and Dharwar;
but it is in use generally throughout Maisur. The population of whom it is the vernacular are estimated at
about two millions, Encouragement is held out, in the shape of pecuniary rewards to the junior civilians
of the Madras Presidency, to acguire some knowledge of Karnata in addition to those languages which are
indispensable, or Tamil and Telugu. _

The Tamil language is one of those of which a knowledge is highly essential in the provinces subject to
the Presidency of Madras, and it is accordingly one of the two of which the study is now imperative on the
Madras civilian. It is the language of the country termed, in Sanskrit, Dravira, Comprising the provinces of
the Coromandel coast, from a short distance north of Madras to Cape Komorin, and extending inland to the
limits of the Karnata language. It comprises, therefore, the Presidency Courts, and those of Arcot, Salem,
Koimbatur, Kumbhakonam, Trichinapalli, Madura, Tinivelli, and is spoken, it has been estimated, by five
millions of people. There are two dialects, or, perhaps, rather styles of it-Shen and Kodun, or high and
low Tamil-in both of which there is a copious literature, Tamil having been highly cultivated at as early a
date as the ninth century, when a college, established at Madura for its especial encouragement, was in a
flourishing condition. Ample means for the acguirement of its structure exists, as the Missionaries of both
the Roman and Protestant Churches have long ago contributed ably to its illustration. Beschi's grammar of
the common dialect was published in 1728, and that of the higher Tamil has been translated by Mr. Babington.
A grammar of the current language, by Ziegenbalg, was printed in l716. The originals of these were in
Latin, but more recently an excellent grammar has been published by Rhenius, in English. We have also
an English Grammar by Mr, Anderson. We are indebted to the Missionaries also for Tamil dictionaries,
but the first published is printed in an uncouth type and on bad paper, and is now searce. A much more
comprehensive dictionary, Tamil and English, was undertaken by the late Dr. Rottler, and has been printed
in four parts. Unfortunately it was left by the compiler unfinished, and it has been printed in a defective
state, long lists of Tamil words being inserted without any English interpretation. The portions which are
translated form much the larger Share, and the manner in which what has been done is effected enhances the
regret that some competent scholars should not have been employed to render the work entire. The language
is difficult of acguirement, but with these helps it is to be mastered, It is no doubt, in its origin, independent
of Sanskrit, but, to judge from the dictionary, admits of Sanskrit insertions as freely as any other of the
southern dialects. It is also peculiar in its dealings with Sanskrit words, So that, without a previous
knowledge of the latter, it is searcely possible to recognise them in their Tamil form. It has, as shewn
above, a scanty alphabet. It has no aspirates, and abhors compounds; and therefore substitutes unaspirated
letters for the former, and resolves the latter into syllables; Bhdrata, therefore, becomes Parada, and
Grdimam, Kirdmam ; for Sina-pra/tdsa we have Sioen-pirikasan, and for Tattadam, Tattuuam. It is
evident that Tamil Scholars who are not Sanskrit Scholars also must be continually embarrassed by these
eguivocal expressions.
Radically related to Tamil, but employing a different alphabet modelled on the Devanagari, and difering
very freguently in its grammatical structure, is the Malayalam or Malayalma language, which is spoken
along the southern portion of the Malabar coast from Ouilon to Cape Kumari. North of Ouilon, as far as to
Goa, the Tuluva, which is a distinct dialect, although of the same derivation as the Malayalam, is the
provincial form of speech, though much intermixed with other dialects, especially Karnata ; and, according
to Mr. Ellis, the Koduga or Kurg language is a modification of Tuluva. The Kurg Raja, however, when
in England, wrote in the Karnata character, and declared that to be his native tongue. Besides the relation
of the order of the alphabet, the Malayalam abounds, more perhaps than either of the other dialects of the
south, in Sanskrit derivations, in a proportion exceeding a half, egual perhaps to three-fifths of the whole
under the two heads which Mr. Ellis Specifies as common to the dialects of Southern India, Tat-samam, pure
Sanskrit words, or Tad-bhattam, derived from Sanskrit. The Desya, or native words of the country, may
also be divided into Tamil Tatsamam, or pure Tamil, and Tamil Tadbhagam, derivatives frolu Tamil.
xxiv PREFACE.

There are several serviceable grammars of the language. One was published by Mr. Drummond, of the Bombay
Medical Service, Soon after the province was subject to British authority, or in I799 ;-but this is
now superseded by the grammars of Mr. Spring, of the Madras Civil Service, and the Rev. Mr. Peet, of the
Church Mission Society. There are also good dictionaries, Malayalam and English, and English and
Malayalam, by the Rev. Mr. Bailey, of the same Society. There is a dearth of printed books, but
something has been lately done to provide Students with the means of study. Malayalam is the language of
the Zila Court of Kalikat, or Calicut, and it mixes with Karnata in the Courts of Honawar and Mangalur.
It is spoken by about two millions and a half of people, inclusive of North and South Canara.
These are the principallanguages of British India, but there are others which are of growing importance,
although not yet forming objects of official reguisition. In the north, the Bhot dialects, which spread
through the Himalaya districts, are of Tibetan origin, and terms from the latter find their way into the
language of administration. The grammar and dictionary of Csoma Kijrtjsi are the only means of becoming
conversant with the language ; and no English scholar has yet trodden in his steps, although Petersburgh and
Paris can boast of cultivators of Tibetan. The Panjabi, of course, becomes of primary importance; and our
intercourse with our neighbours, the Afighans, renders Pushtu a valuable acguisition ; but nothing has yet
been effected towards facilitating the acguirement of the latter beyond the very circumscribed grammar
and vocabularies of Lieutenant Leech, or of the former, except the similar publications of the same intelligent
officer, and a grammar, vocabulary, and dialogues, by Captain Sterling. On the west, a knowledge of
the language of Sindh has become essential ; and here, also, the means are yet limited, although they begin to
be supplied in a grammar and short dictionary by Captain Stack. Of the dialects of the Hill tribes on the
east, from Asam to Arakan, all that is yet known is from the comparative vocabularies of the Rev. Mr. Brown
and of Mr. Hodgson, the object of which is rather comparative than practical. When we get to Arakan we
come upon the Burma language, a knowledge of which, since the annexation of the provinces along the coast
from Arakan to Tenaserim, is indispensable to the government of an extensive tract of country and a
numerous population. There are grammars of the language, Sufficient to enable the European to acGuire it,
by the late Missionaries Judson and Hough, and by Captain Latter. There is also a good English and
Burma dictionary, by Mr. Lane ; but a comprehensive Burma and English dictionary is still a desideratum.
There is a want, also, of printed books, which might easily be multiplied from the copious stores of Burma
literature, both historical and Buddhist.
To give liberal encouragement to the preparation and publication of these and similar works in all
the languages current in the wide provinces and among the many millions of people Subject to its authority
is the positive duty and the obvious interest of the Government of British India, Much has, no
doubt, been accomplished ; but it may be guestioned if the encouragement that has been given has
been always judiciously bestowed. The efforts of individuals must always be desultory, and will
often be ineffective. There wants a systematic course of proceeding, and the selection of competent
agents ; and it might be worth while to adopt official arrangements for ascertaining what has been done, and
what remains to be done, towards providing the civil and military servants of the Company with ample and
adeguate means of ac५uiring a command of all the languages through which they may have to minister
to the necessities and claims of the different races amongst whom the course of Service may call them. In
the meanwhile the following pages will, it is hoped, contribute to facilitate their ac५uirement of the gualifi
cations which are indispensably necessary for the due performance of their important functions-knowledge
of the languages, and knowledge of the people, of India.
H. H. WILSON.

ILONDoN, January l8ं75.

 (G L) O S S A. R. W.
AB
AB, H. (--',ि contracted from the A. *) Abu) A father.
Abdi, H. (.s५) Patrimonial, descending from paternal ।
ancestors (land, property).
AB, H. (P. ५-", S. स्राप:) Water.
Abddr, H. ()log)ि A servant whose office it is to prepare
water for domestic use, or for drinking.
Aihdar hhdina, H. (ं७-)".५T) The room where such water
is kept in suitable earthen vessels.
Al-ptishi, H. (*५:) Irrigating fields, watering fields ;
lit. water-sprinkling.
Ab-ramrdn, H. (७bAl) Rumning water ; metaphor. Fine
muslin.
Afhi, H. (4' , lit. Relating to water, watered), In the north
west provinces it is applied to land watered from ponds,
tanks, lakes, or water-courses, in distinction to that which
is watered from wells ; as the supply from the former
is liable to fail in the hot season, Afht land is assessed at a
lower rate; in some cases at less than a half of that watered |
from wells.
Abistani, H. (.35-“T) Land artificially irrigated.
Al-khe’, H. (GAs)ि A soil impregnated with water, moist or ।
wet soil.
ABkAR, H. (,४ं)ि
A manufacturer or retailer of spirituous !
liduors ; lit. a maker of (strong) waters.
ABKARI, also written ABKAREE, ABKARw, ABKARitv,
AUBKAURw, H. &c. (.9ं)ि, or in Telugu, ABUKARI,
(e58xoSTO) Revenue derived from duties levied on the
manufacture and sale of inebriating liduors, as tdri or
toddy, pachrai, arrack, &c., and on intoxicating drugs,
whether in substance, infusion, or extract, as opium,
bhang/, chiras, &c. It is levied on certain licenced dis
tilleries, or in fees for licences granted by the collector to
retailers. In some parts of the south of India the Abhairi।
included duties on eating-shops, gaming-houses, itinerant
tumblers, jugglers, and the like. [In the Report of the
House of Commons, l832, p. 96, it is said to comprehend
duties on pepper and betel ; but this is a mis-statement,
I B
AB
as no such duties are levied ; although, in Mysore, the
areka-nut was sometimes included in the Abkāri farm.]
The principal Regulations in Bengal for the Abkāri duties
are xxvii. l793, x. l813, xiii. l8l6, and vii. l824
Abhdri JD(irojha, H. (&3x)le .9५) The head mative officer
appointed to superintend distilleries,spirit-shops, and the like.
Abhdri Mahdl, H. (J=* -9ं)ि The department or office
of Abhdri, the excise.
| ABAB, Mar. (अषाषः, from A. Abn’(th, C. v.) A particular item
in revenue accounts : the grain falling to the share of the
Governmentafterdeducting the portions of the several sharers.
APAD, H. (P. o५)ि. The word is very generally adopted ;
as Hindi and Mar. (स्राबाद), Beng. (ञ्पिदिीनि), Telugu
(es co ॐ9), Populous, cultivated, as a village or tract of
country ; the reverse of Wirdin, ( e);) waste, deserted.
A willage or tract which is designated in revenue phrase
as Abdd is one from which revenue may be levied : in
military topography it denotes a place where supplies may
be expected, It occurs also, though less commonly, as
_
Abddin (Jo५T). Abdd Rorna means, to introduce or
extend cultivation or population, to settle, to people ;
whence may arise a claim to property through descent from
the Abdd-hdr, the originator or founder. As the second
member of a compound Abdd often denotes a city, as
Akbar-dh6d, the city of Akbar, or Agra, which he made
his capital ; Aurang/-6bdd, the city of Auran//-seb ;
Murshid-6brid, the city of Warshid Kali Kham, Gover
nor of Bengal, by whom it was enlarged and embellished ;
Shdlijahain-til)/id, the city of Shdi/jahain, or Delhi ; with
many others of Mohammedan origin and improvement.
From the attributives Afhaid and Abddin come the sub
stantives Abddi, Abddini, Populousness, cultivation : in
Bengali the meanings have been transposed, A1%al (यांदीप्त)
signifying cultivation, populousness , and AD%di (जपांवiलिी),
cultivated, peopled.
Abdd-brshi, H. (.*.५ ०५,ि from P. hºshi.*.५, Excess)
First assessment of newly-settled or cultivated land.
 AB
ABARATAM, Tam. (SH L-घैrTंठt०, from S. Aparddha चपराधं,
Fault, offence, in which sense it also occurs in most dia
lects). Fine, amercement, forfeiture.
ABD, ऐBD, H. (A. A4e, plur. Abid AAAe) A slave, two
descriptions of whom are alone recogmised in Mohamme
dan law-infidels made captives in war, and their descen
dants. In practice much greater latitude is allowed,
although mot strictly legal ; and a title to slaves may be
acduired by purchase, donation, or inheritance. The term
enters largely into the formation of Mohammedan proper
names, as Aba-allah, slave of God; Abd-4li, slave of Ali;
Aba-al-ndlik, the slave of the Lord (God), It is also
freguently prefixed in affectation of humility to the official
sigmatures of native officers, whether Hindus or Moham
medans ; and in law papers it is sometimes prefixed to
the name of each subscribing witness.
ABDA, Ben. (आदिलीं, S. अब्द, a year). The period during
which a party who reclaims waste land is allowed to hold
it rent-free. The rent remitted. The land so held. [The
term in this sense is confined to Eastern Bengal and Chit
tagong.]
ABDHUT, UBDHooT, H. (S. Acadhaita अवधूत:) A religious
mendicant of the Hindus, one who professes to have "shaken
off”’ the infirmities ofhumanity. In Hindustan the Abdhatt
is generally of the Waishnara sect. Im the south it is
said he is usually a Saioa mendicant.
ABEDAk, Beng. (S. उप८िदम्ाह 4cedaka) A complaimant or
Suitor, a petitioner.
Abedan, Beng. (S. श्रीट्वलम) A petition, a plaint, an affidavit.
Abedan patra, or Abedan lipi, (S. यiटवाचि श्रृंज, or निश्रि)
A written plaint or petition, a representation in writing.
ABHAR, UBHUR, Mar. (चभर) The collections from a vil
lage in the Maratha country. Kacha Abhar, The gross
collections, without any deduction.
ABHAyA, UBHUw U, Mar. (S. अभयं, from अ meg., and भयं,
fear), An assurance of Safety or immunity.
Abhayadindima, Mar. (S. अभयडैिडिम) A proclamation by
beat of drum (dindima) of general security to all who
submit in the case of a captured town or conguered country.
Abhaya patra, S. &c. (अभयपच) A written document in
assurance of safety, a safe conduct.
ABHICHAR, H. (S. अभिचार:) Employment of charms or
spells for the destruction of an enemy.
ABHIPATTI, UBHIPUTTEE, Mar. (अभिपट्टी) Any extra cess
or assessment [under the Peshwa's Government.]
2
AB
ABHiR, UBHEER, H. &c.(A4), S. चभीर:, also, with the initial
long ABHfRA स्राभीर:) A shepherd, a cowherd, Accord
ing to Menu (B. x. lp) the 4bhira is of mixed origin,
the offspring of a Brahman father, and a mother of the
Ambashtha, or medical caste ; but the Abhiras were a
people, a pastoral tribe, settled, about the beginning of the
Christian era, on or near the lower course of the Indus,
on a tract known to classical geographers, as the 4biria
of Ptolemy, lying north of the Sahyadri mountain, and of
Syrastrene. The Abhirs of Saurashtra are mentioned
in the Mahdbhdrata. From their pastoral habits the
name came to be generally applied to the cowherds of
Hindustan. Im the spoken dialects of upper India the
word is corrupted to A/fr, Uheer, ५. w. In Bengftlf and
Marātht it is unchanged, occurring as 4bhir.
ABHIJod, Beng. (आङि८ञ्जरी?I, S. Abhiyoga अभियोग:) Plaint,
complaint, beginning of a Suit.
Abhijapi, Beng. (आङि८ञ्जोगी, S. अभियोगी) A plaintifi; a
complainant.
Abhij00-patra, Beng. (अङि८ञ्जi?ीश्रज, S. अभियोगपच) A
petition, or writing of complaint.
ABHyJDAwA KA-8RADDHA, S. (अभ्युदयकश्राड) Offering to de
ceased progenitors, or to the manes collectively, on some
prosperous event, as the birth of a son, or the like.
ABHyUPETwASUSRtsHA, S.(चभ्युपेत्यशुश्रूषा)Contracted service,
a title of Hindu law, treating of disputes between master
and servant.
ABf K-UBEEK, H. (A. G.५) A runaway slave, in Moham
medan law.
ABin-t FEBR, H. (from A._A५e, Saffron), A powder of a
red or yellow colour, composed of various vegetable
and mineral ingredients, as turmeric, safflower, saffron, red
or yellow orpiment, talc, ground to a fine powder, and used
by the natives to throw ower one another and stain their
_ faces and clothes with at the vernal festival of the Holi, as
typical of the buds and blossoms of the season of spring.
ABwAB, H. (A. ५-';), plur. of bdh ५--*५, a door, a section,
a chapter, a title) Heads or Subjects of taxation, or the
taxes which were imposed umder the Mohammedan Go
vernments in addition to the regular assessment on the
land. Miscellaneous cesses, imposts, and charges, levied
by Zemindars and public officers. These cesses were
either abolished or consolidated with the land revenue, and
are no longer payable to the British Government ; but such
as existed before the perpetual settlement, and were not spe
 AC
cially abrogated or not consolidated, are still claimed some-
times by the Zemindars, (Reg. wiii. l198, xxx. l803, w. l8l2).
They were variously designated, as, l• after the princes
by whom they were ordered, as Abmudib kasim Ali JKhdn,
taxes of Katsim (Cossim) -1li, Nawab of Bengal ; or,
2. from the pretext on which they were raised, as Abndb
Faujddri, taxes on the Zemindars, in commutation of fees
which had been payable to the office of Faigjdar, or
chief military and police magistrate, and Abrodb Thdna
dairi, fees exacted by Shuja Khain from retailers of spiri
tuous liguors and other articles in baZars attached to |
police or military stations, and payable to the Kotiodl;
Abordib Khamsi (from khamsa, five, for seceral), diffe
rent taxes levied by the Governor of Dacca when the
JDimodni was granted to the Company, on pretence of pre- ।
senting the proceeds to the Emperor in acknowledgment
of the grant (Fifth Rep. and Gloss.) ; also Abicab meh
mdini, a cess levied on the inhabitants of a willage to defray ।
the expenses of the Zemindar on his paying it an occa-
sional visit ; Abrudb rdhddri, rates charged on the peo
ple of a town or district for the repair of the public roads ; ।
Abrcaib Paitak{, a cess apparently peculiar to Orissa, lite- ।
rally, " taxes on the wicked or fallen,” applying the term
to eight inferior or degraded castes or occupations, namely,
Taintis, weavers, Taimbitlis, venders of betel and pdin,
Guriyas, confectioners, or makers of sweetmeats with Gur
or molasses, Sondrs, goldsmiths, and Kaingartts, JKibdrats
and Gokas, different tribes of fishermen.
ACHALIT-UCHULIT, H. (S. स्रचलित: lit. What has not moved,
or is immoveable), Real or landed property.
ACHANDRARGAM,Tam. (ं,e ंठी ग्रैrTºreata, from the S. खा
4, as long as, चन्द्र chandra, the moon, and स्रकै arka, the
sun, i.e. as long as the sun and moon endure). Im Tan
jore and Kanara, any willage, of which the lands are per
manently apportioned among the hereditary proprietors.
The term, slightly modified according to dialect, appears
to be in common currency in the south of the Peninsula
to denote perpetuity.
ACHAMANA, S. (चाचमन) Rinsing the mouth, sipping a little
water and ejecting it before and after meals, and before
v and after various ceremonies, one of the permanent and
daily practices of the Hindus.
Achamaniya, S. (चाचमनीय) Water fit for sipping, also
for offering it to an idol.
ACHAR, H. &c., 9५-,ि S. चाचारः 4chdra, whence it is intro- !
3
AC
। duced into all the dialects, sometimes slightly modified). In
stitute,established and essential observance, as dailyablutions
and personal purification, daily worship, tonsure, investiture,
marriage, obseguial rites, or Srdiddhas. Performance of
appropriate duties in different stages of life, &c. It is
also used in composition with terms limiting its applica
tion, as Kuldchdr, family usage ; D68atchdr, custom of
the country ; Matdichdr, practice of any particular sect ;
Nitydichdr, invariable observance ; Suddhaichdr, ceremo
nial purity ; W?’tddhdchdr, old established custom.
ACHARJ, ACHARI, ACHARvA, H. &e. (ं,५-', चाचारी, from
the S. Acharya चाचाय्यै:) A religions teacher ; properly,
the Brahman who instructs the religious student of the
two next castes-the Kshatriya and the Waisya-as well
as the Brahman, in the Wedas. In moderm use it is ap
plied to any religious instructor, or to any Brahman or
religious mendicant professing to be gualified to give spiri
tual instruction. In the south of India it especially denotes
। the head of a religious Society-the Mahant of Hindustan,
or the Panda, or head Priest of a temple. Among the
Marāthas it was given to Brahmans employed by respect
able families as cooks. In the Tamil provinces it is
assumed by carpenters and other artisans.
ACHCHA KA, Karn. (eंs) Assessment, taxes. One who
pays taxes.
Achchacadi, or Achchuadi, Karn. (eं०ॐ3) Assess
ment, tax.
Achchacali//a, Karn. (eंॐ९१%) One who pays taxes.
ACHCHAi)r, Mal. (७०245l) Printing, stamping.
| Achchadikdran, Mal.((७०245leexport) A printer, a coiner.
ACHCHAI.AwATARU, Karn. (eंछ्राद्ध०७cडॆ००) Police officers,
peons.
ACHCHHAN, Mal. (७०}{nt), Tam. 94वै*ecठैी ) A father;
used also as a title of respect, and in Malabar applied
especially to the males of the royal family who have no
office nor official rank in the state.
ACHCHARAM, Mal. (CSo240(o०) Earmest-money, money ad
vanced.
ACHCHU, Karn. (eंO), Achcha, Mal. (७०24) A mould,
a type, a form for casting or taking impressions, a print
ing-press, the pivot of a hand-mill.
Achchu//dr, or Achchu!i, Karn. (eं97ंॐ–eं७९१) A
printer, a cotton-printer, a pressman.
ACHCHURATTU, corruptly ACH KAT and ATCH KUTT, Tam.
(suळै Gi GeBL-G) ACHURATTU, Tel. (e॰ं)
ILand
 AC
divided into beds to admit and retain the water let in for
irrigation. Lands prepared for the cultivation of rice.
ACHU-RAvALI, Tel. (exSS`ॐ9). In the south of India,
grants of revenue and perguisites in grain, formerly re
ceived by the Poligar for protecting the crops, and engaging
to make good any depredations on the lands under pro
tection.
ACHE, Tel. (eच्) The principal harvest, the heavy crop (used
in WiZagapatam).
ACHIDAryAN, Tam. ( ङीठ्टुंठu-d'ा) A barber.
ACHITA, Karn. (eं, Mal. (GO2-1h(o०) A weight of ten
khandakas, or bharas (each being ten tulams) ; a cart-load.
ACHHRA, Ben. (क्षिांश्क्न') The straw of paddy.
AI), Ap, Mar. &o. (अडः, अ्राड), in Hindustan pronounced, and
usually written, with the hard r, as Ar or Ar (Gl ,7)ि //. t".
(It also ocours in other dialects, modified by the substitu
tion of the soft d for the hard d, or by duplication of one
or other, of which examples will be given) A syllable
used as a prefix, implying obstructing, screening, barring ;
also inferiority, irregularity, or deviation.
Ad-al-hukm. Uriya. Disobedience of orders, resistance of
process.
Ad-7aom, Mar. (स्राडगास्रो') A small or inferior village.
4djir, Hindi (स्राडगीर) Astrip of sward encompassing a field.
Ad.jit, Mar. (स्राडजात) People of the inferior or mixed
CasteS.
4d-ndrd, Mar. (आडमागै) A bye-way, a cross-road ; also
cross or internal traffic, and dutylevied on such-traffic. (This
occurs, incorrectly written, Udh marica and Urdh marjh).
Admith, Mar. (स्राडमूढ) Sowing seed carefully on hilly or
broken ground (so as to close the hand or fist (mtitl)
readily.)
Ad mao, Mar. (अडनाव) Family or surname.
Ad satt6, Mar. (अडसट्टा) Estimate, rough calculation. See
Adasattd and A?’satha.
4diran, Mar. (आाडवण) The space between the top and
foot of a hill, the slope.
ADwEPANi, Mar. (खडवेपाणी) Water of irrigation derived
from tanks, &c. ; artificial water, not rain-water.
AD, Mar. (स्राड्) A well without steps.
ADA, H. (A.lol) Fulfilment of an agreement, performance
of a contract, payment of a debt. This is sometimes con
founded, but incorrectly, with Ahda, ५. v.
Ada-bandi, or bundee, H. (.sA५ 'cl) Fixing a term for the
payment of a debt or the performance of a contract.
4।।
AID
4da harnd, H. (9* lol) To pay a debt, to make an agree
ment.
4da hona, H. (७,० lol) To be settled, paid or fulfilled, as
a debt or contract.
Ada-ā-mdlijugdr{, H. (.9}~''~ lol) Payment of revenue.
ADA, Mar. (चदा) Gain, profit, fund, stock, income.
ADAGU-UDUGoo, Tam. (Sut-Gy), Tel. (eॐ?०) A pawn,
a pledge.
ADA, or ADAr MANAM, Tam. (Sut-L०ITCणte- 9ध०००
L०rTCoाte) A mortgage, a simple mortgage, in which the
mortgager retains possession of the property pledged, pay
ing interest on the loan.
Adaiyolai, Tam. (Su०००-Gu-IIT&5o) The palm-leaves on
which a mortgage, deed, or lease, or other engagement,
is written.
ADAwU, also ADARwU, Karn.(e ॐं)-e9ॐं ह) A pledge ;
a mortgage, a simple mortgage, in which the mortgager
retains the property, paying interest on the loan.
Adaca chitu, Adacu-stithama, or Adacu-patra, Karn.
(eं)&#९exo, &c.) A mortgage-deed, or bond.
Adacu-hdr, Karn. (e9ॐं)ऽब्ॐ) A mortgagee, one who holds
a pledge or mortgage.
ADAHARf, Hindi (अदहारी) A bullock not broken in for work.
ADARAM, Tam. (Sut-GeEuॐ) An enclosure.
ApANr, Karn.(e००C?) Unrewarded or compulsory labour.
Addnijana, Karn. (e००C?eं) An unpaid labourer, a
slave, a serf
ADANGAL, Tam. (9थL-rāueB60), Mal. (Gºoseb(ob) An esti
mate, an appraisement, a valuation ; the whole contents, or
whole Guantity of any thing ; a contract; examining the
cultivation of village lands.
ADAR-UT)UR, or AI)ARA-UI)URU, Hindi (चंडर्) A ditch,
and the mound of earth thrown up from it, forming the
boundary of a field.
ADASATTA-UDUSUT"'A, Tel. (e*०ंग) Estimate, com
putation, an account by estimate. (The d being pronounced
and written ?', the word occurs more usually in Hindu
stan as Arsath, ५.w)
ADAT-UpUT, Mar. (चडत) Mercantile correspondence, agency,
brokerage ; charge or fee for commission or brokerage.
This word also occurs in other dialects differently spelled,
as Adhat (चढत), or the hard d, dh being pronounced
like r, Arat, Aphat, or Uphat; or, again, with the soft t
_ and the aspiration transposed, as Arth{, or Uj’thee.
4dat/t, Udut/d, or Udutiya ; also, very corruptly, Adut
 AD AID

feeyo, Mar. (अडाया) A mercantile correspondent, a broker, 4dda-ndma, Karn. ( eंयव्39) A family or surname.
an agent; also Arhatiya and 4rthiya. 4ddamdlije, Karn. (ंज्ञ97) A stone put across the
ApAT, or ARAT, Beng. (ज्धो७५) A warehouse, a store occu mouth of a well.

pied by a wholesale dealer, or a monopolist; a place 4ddami, Karn. (eं) The woof or cross threads.
from which all must purchase what they want. Addasalu, Karn. (ंयeo) A transverse furrow in
Adat dir, Beng. (from P.)le, who has). A store-keeper, ploughing.
a monopolist. Adda-8unka, Karn. (eंॐ3०६) Duty on sheep collected from
ADATrA, S. (स, neg. &c. दत्त: given, ungiven). In Hindu। those only who sell them, not from the ryots.
law, illegal, or void and resumable donation. . Adde, Karn. (eं)
A bambu across the shoulder, by which
ApAwI, or ADIvI-KoTTUTA, Tel. (es२sं७, S. चटविः, two burthens are carried.

Ataci, a forest). Clearing away jungle, and bringing Adddhkalu, Karn. (eं७) A new oomer, a settler in a
the land into cultivation. willage.
ADAwA, or ADAwi-PALKI, Mar. (अडवा, चषडवी, athwart, and ADDA, Tel. (eं) Halfः more properly Ardha (eं, from

पालकी). The privilege of being carried in a palankin S. स्रडॆ).

sideways; that is, with the poles across the road, or at a ADDA, Tel. (eं) A measure edual to two Matnikas.
right angle with it, a distinction enjoyed by the head of the ADDAw U-DOsILI, Tel. (eं७ ँ*७9) An allowance of grain
Brahmans of Srinjagiri, the spiritual descendants of made to the village barber.
Sankara Acharya ; latterly also claimed by the head of AppA, Dekhini, H. (l5ी, चाडु'), This difers from the Te
the Lingag/its, and the subject of litigation in the Com lugu and Karn. Adda, Adda, as above, in beginning and
pany's Courts of the Bombay Presidency. ending with a long, in place of a short vowel. It is some
ADAyA, Tel. Karn. (e०`०9, from the S. चादाय:) Gain, profit, times written with a short initial and final, as Adda, or
receipt. Uddu, Mar. (खडु), but never with a dental d ; the word
Addya richha, Karn. (Gयं9२ं) Profit and loss, re occurs, with some modifications of meaning, in Tel., Mar.,
ceipt and disbursement ; [the last term is possibly from the Uriya, and perhaps other dialects. A stand, a station or
S. H?/a/a व्यय, expenditure.] place where porters, bearers, or labourers attend to be hired ;
A ppA, UDDU, Karn. (eं) A half; but in this sense more a place where people assemble, a stall, a booth, a shop,
correctly arddha, ५. w. In composition it also implies a post or dawk station or office ; a company or asso
hindrance, obstruction, going transversely, diverging, &c., ciation of persons engaged in the same business ; any
corresponding in these respects to the Marathi Ad and business constantly going on, especially on a large scale ;
Hindi Ar, but doubling the cerebral d. the place where it is transacted, or any place where people
Addadandi//e, Karn. (eंॐ००7ं) A palankin carried congregate, whether for business or idleness; a salt-heap
transversely. See Adacti-ptilki. (in Ganjam) ; the perch of a bird-cage.
Adda kdluc6ं, Karn. (eंऽव्eoे९) A subordinate 4dda-dir, H. (9'e l5)ि A palankin bearer, or dawk-runner ;
channel, one cut from a main water-course for irri a postman, a courier ; a shop or stall-keeper.
gation. ADDANA, Karn. (eं२) A measure etiual to about half-a-pint.
-1dda hasibi, kasibe, kasabu, kasibi, or kasubu, Karn. ADDE, Tel. (e3) Hire, rent.
(eं83०, ४ॐ ँ, $?॰9, &c) A trade, a profession not Appl, Beng. (जीड़ि) A title or cognomen given to persons
hereditary, an employment to which the person was not who are, or whose ancestors were, money weighers and
born or bred. changers.
Adda kattu, or katte, Karn. (eं-३ं) A dam for the ADDIKA, or ADDIGA ; also ADDA KADAR and ADDAKA
purpose of confining water. IDAwA, Karn. (eं, e8x eं००ॐ,from
* the S.Adhyah
4dda mdrg/a, Karn. (eं०००xह्) A cross or bye sha अध्यछ्:, an overseer). A willage officer, whose duty
road. it is to keep the cultivators to their work, and to prevent the
-4dda inditu, Karn. (eं॰वं) Evasive answer, prevari clandestine removal of any part of the common crop.
cation. ADDISBwUTA, Tel. (eंऴ०ct०) A contract, by which a
5 C
 AD
cultivator pledges the whole or a portion of his crop to
a banker as security for money borrowed.
ADEvA, UDEvU, S. (व neg., and देयं, to be given), What may
not be legally alienated or given away.
ADम, ADHA, ADiti, or ADHEE, H. (se,ि ५be,ि .*e", from
the S. arddha अडैः, half, or a part), A halfः (The word
occurs in most dialects, modified according to theif pecu
liarities of enunciation, as in the Adda of Tel. and Karn.,
as above. It is also used extensively in composition, with .
the initial most usually made short, as,
4dh-batdi, or butaee, H. (.st: ४e)ि Division of produce
in egual shares.
Adhela, Udhela, H. ('Apel) Half a pice, or copper coin so
called.
Adheli, Udhelee, H. (.Ase) Half a silver rupee, or eight
aI1aS. A half share. In Sagar, a measure of corn, half a
chautiya. (In Garwhal) a small fractional measure ofland.
Adhcliya, H. (५५bel) Proprietor of a half share.
-1dhid?’, H. 9५:bel), A man who spends half his time in
one willage, half in another, cultivating lands in both, is
said Adhādr-karma, or, in Rohilkhand, Adh-bdr.
Adhi4ri, H. (.9५:oel) A half Share.
4dhid, H. (५:ool) Division of produce between two parties
in edual proportions ; One furnishing the land and seed,
and the other the labour. The payment of half the annual
assessment by the cultivators to the person who is respon
sible to the Government for the revenue at the vermal and
autumnal harvests.
Adh-hachcha, H. (ं ४el) A soil lying between the land
named Pahāra and the Tarai in the district of Saharanpur.
Adh-kar{, or kuree, H. (अधकर्णी) An instalment of eight
anas in the rupee, or half the Government revenue,
(from the S. kara कण:, tax).
Addhak, Uddhuk, H. (अडक) A half a part : less in use
than Adh4.
ApHAk, AI)HUK, or ARHAk, H. (S. साढक:) A measure of
capacity, used as a dry measure ; a vessel l8 inches in
depth, containing 4 prasthas, the I(ith part of a khdri.
In the Dekhin mearly 7lb. I'loZ. avoirdupois. In Mysore
the 4dal, Or Adhak is a measure of grain, edual to 7lb.
avoirdupois, or a measure of capacity, containing about
7छै0 cubic inches : also called a IMarkdil.
ADHARAM, Mal. (७oCop(o०, S. साधारं) A prop, or support;
that on which any thing lit. or fig. rests ; also a canal,
a dyke ; a document, a voucher or title -deed, by which
(G
AM
a right to property is established. Karn. (es Gव्ॐ०) A
canal, or water-course for irrigation. It is used in Karnata
in composition, to denote various modes of irrigation, as,
Andj-4dhdram, (from P. (ime’, mixing) Irrigation from
more than one source, or from tanks, wells, water-courses,
&c. The land so irrigated.
Bh4c{, or Bhdoddi ddhdram, Tel. Karn. (अग्छ२, S. Bdpi,
or odpi, a well) Irrigation from wells. The land so
watered.
Nala, or Vail6 ddhdram, (from S. नाल: maila, a pipe).
Irrigation from natural water-courses, or malas. The fields
so watered.
Tatdhadhdram, Tel. (from the S. taddja तडाग) A pond,
a tank ; irrigation from a tank or pond, or the fields so
Supplied.
ADHARsHAN, Beng. (S. श्रीशईः) Conviction of a criminal.
ADHI, or UDHI, less correctly, UDHEE ; also corruptly, AD,
ADH, ADr, AUDI, H. (S. अधि) Ower, above, in place, office,
or possession. It is used chiefly in composition.
Adhihdr, H. &c. (S. अधिकार:) Office, duty ; superinten
dence, government ; right, rightful claim or property.
Adhikdr-patra, or patrika, Beng. (उशश्चिदशीवंशज) A power
of attormey, a letter of credit.
Adhikdrं, corruptly, Adlikdr, Adkdri, Adihari, Audicarei ;
hence also the Adi//ar of Ceylon, H. &c. (S. अधिकारी) One
who holds a superior office or authority ; a superintendant,
a ruler, a governor ; as,
Grdmddhildri, The headman of a village.
JDe४ddhikdrt, The head of a district or province ; abbre
viated in the south of India to Desai, corruptly De/sace, or
JDesotye : also one who claims a right ; as, Uttarddhikdr;,
Subseguent claimant, i.e, Successor, heir, especially as ap
plicable to landed property : it may also denote one who,
although a member of a village community, occupies his
land in his own right, or in severalty. See A?’udihdrai.
Adhikarma, H. (S. अधिकम्मॆ) Superintendence, Supervision,
government.
Adhikarma-krit, H. (S. अधिकम्मैकृत्) A supervisor, a supe
rlor, a governor.
-1dhipati, or Udhiputee, corruptly Adhiput, H. (S. खधिपतिः)
A superintendant, a headman. It is used like Adhihdj-? in
composition, as Grdmddhipati, Head of a village: Des
(idhipati, Head of a district.
-1dhirdj, or Udhiraj, H. (S. अधिराजा) A paramount prince
or Sovereign) but also commonly used as a title to persons of
 AID
inferior pretensions, although of conseduence. It is some
times abbreviated to JDhāraj, as Mahdrdj, Dhārdj, Jay
Sinh, the great king, the supreme Jay Sinh.
Adhi-pinn4, S. (चषधिविन्ना) In Hindu law, a superseded wife,
one who has been succeeded by other wives.
Adhi-pedaniha, S. (अधिवेदनिक) In Hindu law, Dowry or
settlement given to a first wife on her Supercession by a
second marriage.
Adhyagni, S. (सध्यग्नि) Property given to the wife at the
time of marriage, or over the (nuptial) fire. One of the
items of Stra-dham, or female property, in Hindu law.
Adhyac4hamika, S. (अध्यावाहनिक) An item of woman's
property ; property that has descended to her lineally.
AD'H I K, or UDHIK, H. (S. अधिक:) More, any thing in addition
Or exceSS. It occurs in most of the dialects, singly or
in composition.
-4dhika-cdram, Tam. (suंठीe6- ITDrta) In South India, a
division of the crop in which a larger Share is assigned
to Brahmans or other privileged persons.
ADHI, S. Cचनाधि:) A pledge, or deposit, which may be of
two kinds-Gopya, to be preserved entire and perfect, or
JDhogya, to be used or enjoyed ; also IBandhaka, ५. v.
Adhi bhoga, S. (स्राधिभोग) Use of a thing pledged, cither
as the eduivalent of a partial or entire remission ofinterest.
ADHoRiA, or UDHOREEA, Thug. A person who has separated
from a party, and has thereby escaped their fate of being
waylaid and murdered.
Apt, or ApHI, Beng. (ञ्पिीठि, यiत्रि) A measure of ca
pacity, edual, in the neighbourhood of Calcutta, to two
maunds.
Apr, corruptly ADDw, Tam. (Sut9-) A foot ; also a measure
of length, a short foot = l0.40 inches: 57,000 sguare adis
are edual to a kdai, 1. o.
Adikol, Tam. (Suu9-फैGGrT60) A measuring rod.
Apr CHERI, Tam. (Sut9-फैः(Geºph) Near the town ; a village
near a town, a suburb ; that part of the willage in which
the hereditary proprietors reside.
ADIDADI, (In Chingleput) Breach of the peace.
ADrKAstr, Karn. (e०ऽव्ं७) A daily tax levied on shops,
especially in regimental baZars, varying from one to four
hds, or cash.
ADI KI, ApIKE, Karn. (ee$, e० ँ) Betel or Araha-nut.
-4dik6-1onikdr, Karn. A tax on the hire of the Gomihars,
a low caste of Hindus employed to gather the areka-nut
from the gardens of the Ryots in Mysore.
7
AD
Adik6-kriydodsi, Karn. A tax on betel-nut tree groves in
Mysore.
ADIMA, UnIMA, Mal. (७०302); Adimai, Tam. (suta-cठ०La);
Adime,Tel.(e9॰व्O) Slavery,bondageingeneral. A bond
man, a slave. In Tam., especially a predial slave attached
hereditarily to the land, and only transferable with it. In
_
Malabar it also implies the feudal dependency of a Nair upon ।
some chief whom he selects for his protector or patron.
Adimaichittu, Tam. (9la-coxLaढैर्व्*-G) Bill of sale for
a slave. _ _
Adima, or Udima.jamm, Mal. (ध्8C2a, S. जन्म, birth, birth
right). Mortgage of land for a sum inferior to its value
by a superior to a person of a low caste ; hence some
times applied to a grant of land by a superior to an in
ferior, either rent-free, or at a guit-rent : the land, in either
case, reverting to the granter on failure ofheirs of the grantee.
[This is evidently the same as the Adomi-janm of the Glos
sary, Fifth Report. Sce R. p. 80l.]
Adima-jamm hdr, or Adima-jamm-kolumacan, Mal. (6)co-2ea
COo-lmt) The person who holds an Adima grant.
Adima-jamm papam, Mal. (०-a०”००, price). Price or fee
paid for receiving land by Adima tenure.
4dimapani, Mal. (७०sl23-4०r)) The duty of a slave,
servitude.
Adima-paramba, Mal. (o-loC2-', a garden), A plantation
or garden held by an Adima grant.
Adima/dicam, Mal. (Gosl2Copo-ICO) Immunities granted
to slaves by their masters, as land, gardens, &c.
A DIMAN, corruptly, Adehmaum, Mar.(स्रादिमानं, from theS.स्रादि,
first, and मान, respect). The first rightsorprivileges enjoyed
by avillage officer ; certain claims or rights of precedence, &c.
ADiNAM, Tam, (S. ं,रृ०णta) Government. Proporty.
Adinattuhudai/aran, or Adinahartan, Tam. (ं,रृ०णंठ
*ळकैड्ठ००-u-6a-c' ं,रृ०णGप्रै'ंठंठंठैी) A proprietor,
an owner, a landlord, an heir or inheritor.
ADI - PATTADENELLU, Tam. (su4-----6geप्र603थ)
Waste or Sweepings at the foot (adi) or bottom of a stack
of straw ; a band of straw tied round a stack of grain to
prevent the clandestine removal of any part of it.
Adippukhaili, Tam. (9JuG-- -GGrt-6)) Wages for thrash
ing corn.
Adittumutaldinatu, Tam. (9॥१-530-georTCण८) Quan
tity of grain thrashed.
ADIRAstr, Karn. (e०Cां२०) Remains of a heap of corn:
gleanings.
 AID
ADI 5U DRA, Tam. (9॥१-G,ंठंठीDrrTC'ा) A man of a low
caste ; one of a caste inferior to (adi), even the Stidra.
ApITI, or AprrryA, H. (सडिति) A mercantile correspondent
or agent ; but the word is a corruption of 4dat, 4rhat,
or Arhati/a, ५. v.
ADrTvA, H. (S. स्रादित्यः) The sun.
4ditya-rdr, Or Aditya-bar, abridged to 4-it-moar, or more
commonly, Etmcar (H.9';५) Sunday.
AprvAN, plur, AprvAR, Mal. (७०5lo2)2rt) A slave, a serf,
a vassal ; a man oflow caste in Malabar, who lives under
the protection of a Raja or religious establishment. Tam.
(9॥9-LLirTC)ा) A man-servant ; 4di/dl, Tam. (Sut9--
LLirT6fT) a woman-servant.
ADL, UDL, H. &c. (A. Jee) Justice, eguity. Eduality, egui
poise. The word occurs in most dialects, with slight
modifications, and in some places denotes an official seal
or stamp for documents, parcels, &c. ; also, in Orissa and
the northern Cirkars, a wooden stamp for blocks of salt.
-fill-dir, H. (9'e Joe) A sealer ; an officer whose duty it
is to apply seals or Stamps.
Addala-cddu, Tel. (eं9यंॐ)
An officer who stamps
blocks of salt; also a manufacturer of salt, or hired
labourer employed in the manufacture.
Addil, H. (A. Jee) A just or upright person ; one in
whom trust may be placed.
-1adil al 7?ahn, A. (U9" Jee). In Mohammadan law,
a third party, to whose keeping a pledge or Security given
by a borrower to a lender is entrusted.
ApALAr, UpALUT, corruptly, ADAw.rr, H. (A. ५-Joe)
Court of.justice ; justice, eduity, Under the Mohammedan
Govermment the 4dalats, or Courts of Justice, were four :
I. Nig(imat 4dilat, (५-loe ५~~'s) The Supreme Court
of Criminal Justice, nominally presided over by the Ndeim,
or Wiceroy of the province. This was subdivided into the
Jºo2-ddalat, or Court held on a Sunday by the NAsim
for the trial of capital offenders, and the Adalat al Adli
/at (from –se ), The High Court, in which affrays, Juarrels,
and cases rंgarding personal property were tried : this was ADU, Tam. (g',O), ATA, Mal, (७‘Os) A sheep, a goat.
usually presided over by the Visana's deputy, or Dair6///ia.
2. Dirani Adilat (५-Joe 4}e) The Civil Court of the
Diwan, the chief officer in charge of the revenue of the
principality.
3. Fruiddri -fºlilat (५-"Ae -9lo-;) The Court of the
Faujdar, or chief of the magistracy and police of a district ;
the Subordinate, or District Criminal Court.
8
AD
4. Adilat al Kigi ( .atillet-lloe) The Court of the Kigi,
the chief judge of a town or district in civil causes and
duestions regarding the Mohammedan religion. Under him
the Muhtasib held a Court for the adjudication of offences
against morals-as drunkenness, gambling, &c. Under the
British Government these Courts were continued, with some
modifications, until l793, when the judicial and revenue
departments were separated, and Zila and Provincial Courts
were established, subordinate to one Supreme -1dalat at the
Presidency, distinguished as the SADR, or SUDDER ADA
LAT (A. ५--Jlee )o-०) High Court of Justice, or Court of
Final IDecision, subdivided into,
Sadr-Dingdni। Adalat, or, corruptly, Sudder Dercany्/
Adamolut, High Court of Civil Jurisdiction.
Sadr Nigdmat, or Fauiddri Addlat, High Court of Cri
minal Justice. Beng. Reg. iii. ix. xii. xiii. l798, ii. I795,
ii. I80I, viii. I808, v. I800, &c.
Afaalat Akhar, H. (A. A$1, greatest), A superior Court of
Justice ; a Court of Appeal.
-1dalat Asjhar, H. (A.)*~l, smallest), An inferior, or
Subordinate Court of Justice.
ADM, UDM, H. (A. Foe)Cessation) discontinuance. In Urdu।
it is chiefly used to form technical Compounds ; as,
Adm-i.jaiddd, H. (P. ele४५-, a grant), Loss or forfeiture
of a grant; loss of subsistence.
-1din-nishdn, H. (P. ७५**, sign or trace), Unclaimed or
untraceable property, &c.
Adin--8abit, P. (A. ५-*ं , confirmation), Wanting proof,
defective in evidence.
-1din--tandohi, H., Remissness or neglect in pursuing a
cause, Suffering it to go by default, (/it. want of bodily
exertion ; or P. tan, and S. deh, both meaning body).
ADMARJAI, Hindi (अदमरजाई) A term used in leases, signi
fying failure from drought.
ADONI-JANM, Mal. IAands held by individuals of low oaste
and artisans under grants from persons of rank and property.
See Adimaःjamm, for which it is no doubt an error.
Attalidran, Mal. (GO३coport) A shepherd, a goatherd.
Attakkidai, Tam. (g,-Gँ८ी०ठ२-) A field, cote, or place
where goats or sheep are penned, for the sake of thoir
manure. _
Attumari-laili (?) Tam. The hire paid to the owner of a
flock of sheep or goats for their detention in a field for
the purpose of manuring it.
 AD
Attu-rari, Tam. (6-Dी, tax), A tax on sheep or goats.
Apu KKUvATA, Mal. (G०5-66ुo- (O) Any right retained by
the original proprietor from the purchaser or mortgagee.
Autºrrl, Tam. (9($ंठंठी), Usury.
ADwA-SRADDHA, S. (खाद्यश्राद्धं) The first Sriddha, or obse
५uial ceremony after a person's decease.
AENTHA, Thug. Silver money.
APAr, AFUT, vernacularly, APHAT, H. (A. ५-*,ि चापात्,
S. चापत्) Misfortune, calamity.
A।[fat dismdini, H. (P. ७५-“T, heaven), Misfortune from hea
ven, as bad seasons, storm, drought, &c.
4fat.farmdni, or sultdmi, H. (A. ५.3५9*-५.3५e'~) Misfortune
from the tyranny or exactions of the Government or its
officers.
AFiM, UFEEM, or UPHEEM, H. (A. *ं) , स्रफीम); also AFIUN,
(A. ७*l) Opium.
AFsHANI-KAg HAZ, H. (P. ;s४ ८4५.Gl) Paper studded or
spangled with gold-leaf used in writing to persons of dis
tinetion.
AFTABA, H. (P. ५५G)ि A ewer.
AFTAB-Gi R, H. (P. dftdb ५-७d,ि the sun, and gfrु ं , what
receives), A large flat semicircular parasol.
A[fºdib-giri, H. The servant who carries the parasol.
AFTABl, H. (from the P. ५--us,ि the sun), A large flat cir
cular or semicircular parasol carried by the side of the
person or palankin shaded by it. Under the Mogul Go
vernment it was one of the insignia of high rank, and
could be carried only by special permission or grant of the
Emperor.
APHTADA, for AFTADA, Hindi (अफतादा, from P. sebsl,
fallen), Lands of which possession has been transferred to
another ; also, neglected land, or that which has fallen
out of cultivation.
A PU, ऐroo, A. (yfe, lit. pardon), Balance or residue of
an estate. Exemption from, or remission of surplus
charge.
AFZं N, AFZooN, H. (P. ७:P) Increase ; increased rewenue.
Addition (in account) ; an account in which a certain
number of items are added together, and their totals
are then progressively added, until the final sum is
obtained.
AGAr RA, corruptly, AUGAwRA, H. (9ंी, from S. a//ra स्रग्र,
and H. di//e .*'। before, at first), The first sheaves of the
crop presented to the Zemindar.
AGAIvA, UGAIwA, H. (५sl, from da), from S. अग्नि, Fire,
9
AG
abridged to चाग) A disease affecting rice, in which the
plant seems burnt up.
AGAyr, Tam. (Suesta) The earth. Grain.
46amudaiydn, Tam. (SuG(५००००-u-rTCठैी ) A landholder ;
॰ also, the name of a caste.
Agacilai, Tam. (9(G6-ौ&60) Market-price of grain.
_ _ _
AGAMA, S. (चागम:) A work on sacred science ; a scripture.
In law, a woucher, a document, a title ; also, descent of
property.
AGAMI, Beng. (S. अी?ीभि), Future, what is to come; whence
4/in, an advance of payment ; also used in deeds and
leases, to indicate all future possible privileges or profits.
AGAN, Uous, or AG, H. ( e-1 S. 4ami स्रग्नि:, fire), Fire, or
its personified divinity.
Aganhotri, more correctly, Agmihotri, H. (S. अग्निहोतृ) A
Brahman who maintains a perpetual fire in his house.
See Agmi-hotri.
AGAR, AGUR, H. (AI, probably from S. चाकर, a mine), A
salt-pit.
40ari, 4guree, H. (cs9*)ि A manufacturer of Salt.
AGAR, Mar. (सागर) A plantation of fruit-trees, especially of
betel-nut and cocoa-nut trees. A place on the sea-shore
having salt-pits.
Ajar-7aon, Mar. (सागरगावं) A village having plantations
or orchards attached.
AGARAM, Tam. (SuGDrta) A corruption of 4arahdram, ५. v.
AGARi, AGAREE, H. (.9s", from the S. ag/ra चग्र', before),
Money, &c., paid in advance. There are warious dia
lectical modifications of the same, as, -40di or 4gaee,
Agitri or Agooree, Agdu, 4gtiru, &e., all derived from
Agra, meaning, Before, either in place or time, through
the vernacular form 4.je.
AGARI (?). Said to be the name of a low caste of Hindus
in Cuttack : according to one authority, bullock-drivers ;
to another, domestic slaves.
AGARiyA, AGUREEvA, Thug. Descendants of the original
Thugs, who, after being expelled from Delhi, settled for
a time at Agra.
AGARwAL, UGURwAL, or AGARwALA, H. (}},s) An im
portant sub-division of the mercantile caste, comprising
many of the wealthiest traders and bankers in Hindustan.
According to Mr. Elliot they derive their name from
Agroha in Hariana, whence they originally migrated to
other provinces after the capture of that place by Shahdb
ad-Din Gori. Common tradition refers their name and
ID
 AG
origin to 47ra. The Agarrcal is one of the Gachhas,
or families of the Jains; and most of its members profess
the Jain religion.
AGAsA or AGASI, UGUSU, UGUSBE ; also AGUSA, Karn.
(C%ं, ex० ँ) A washerman.
40asara-terige, Karn. (डैe7रं, a tax), A tax on washermen.
AGAsI, UGAsEE, H. (, ~७]) A turban, in which sense it is
also used by the Thugs ; but they apply the term like
wise to the cry of the kite. If heard betweem the first
watch of the night and day-break it is unlucky ; in the
day it is immaterial.
AGAsा- (probably for Ahasi, skiey)-BrRAR, Thug. (but used
in the Dekhin), Thunder.
AGASTwAR, H. 9';.sl) A small clan of Rajputs in Haveli AGNI, UGNI, S. (अग्नि:, written also, but incorrectly, U/mee,
Benares. _ and abbreviated in several dialects to
AGAtj, H. (,७l), 4gaou, Tel. (exं७, from S. खग्र) An ad
vance of money. In the northern Circars the same as
7'ak4ot, or money-advance to the cultivators ; also collec
tion of revenue before it is due.
AGAWADI, UGUw UDEE, Karn. ( e97(CSC6०) Small spots of
land on which rice is sown for transplanting, and which
the ryots claim free of rent.
AGPA, Or AGRA, H. (l3ऽ)ि An ear of corn or rice which has
been blighted and contains no grain.
AGHAM, Mar. (?). In the IDekhin, an extra assessment
imposed upon the hereditary proprietors of a village to
cower charges for unusual expenses or default of any of
the community.-E. I. Sel. iv. 54l.
AGHAN, UGHUN, corruptly, AUGUN, H. (७* , S. स्रग्रहायणं)
One of the months of the luni-solar year–the eighth, cor
responding with November-December.
AGHANI, UGHUNEE, H. (८%(*)) Produce of that portion of
the Kharif or cold weather crop, which is gathered in
the month Agham. It is also applied to the harvest of
-
the cold Season.
4ghani:fasl, Ujhumee:fusl, H. (ULas ८**"; also, vernacu
larly, but incorrectly, in Hindi, Aghani-phasil स्वधनीफशील)
The cold-weather harvest, reaped in Nov.-Dec.
AottAT, UoHAT, corruptly, AGHAUT, H. (e_५s), S. स्रघातः,
from S. o च, neg., and Ghdita घात , struck), Land held in
perpetuity, and inalienable.
AGHoRA, H. Mar. (S. अघोरः, dreadful), A name of SrvA.
* A religious mendicant, of an order of which the practices
are most filthy and disgusting, the food being ordure and
carrion, and, it is said, human flesh ; but much of this is
10
AG
imposture, the object of which is to excite the wonder of
the beholders, and make them believe in the utter indif
ference of the Aghora to worldly enjoyments.
Aghora-pantha, or mdrja, H. Mar. (S. पंय, मार्गे, a road),
The path or practices of the Aghoras.
Aghora-panthi, H. Mar. One following the Aghora path.
Aghora-pramdnam, S. (प्रमाणं, authority), A peculiarly
solemn form of oath used in the south of India, wherein the
person to be sworn, after fasting and bathing, sits down,
decorated with flowers, in a temple ; and having made his
asseveration in front of the idol, puts out a lamp burning
before it, and wishes he may be similarly extinguished if
he has uttered am untruth.
4/ e-1) Fire.
Either the element, or domestic or Sacred fire, or the
element personified as the god of fire, to whom oblations
of clarified butter are offered at most domestic rites.
Agmi-astra, S. Fire-arms, a weapon of fire ; a fabulous
weapon so called ; a rocket.
Agmi-brdhmana, S. A Brahman who officiates as priest
at the burning of dead bodies.
Admi-dagdha, S. Ben. A Hindu, who having died with
out issue, is burnt at once, without the prewious cere
mony of having fire put into the mouth of the corpse.
4ami-ddha, S. The ceremony of burning a dead body ;
lit. burning with fire.
4ami-dik, S. The south-east guarter, of which Agni is
the regent.
4८/mi-hotra, S. Performance of daily or occasional wor
ship with fire lighted from a perpetual fire preserved in
the dwellings of a particular class of Brahmans.
Agni-hotri, S. A Brahman who maintains a perpetual
household fire.
Admi-homa, S. Performance of worship with fire ; offering
oblations to fire. The ceremony is denominated also
simply, IWoma.
4//mi-ltri/d, S. Any ceremony with fire, but especially
the burning of the dead.
Admi parthshd, S. (from परीछ्ा, trial), Ordeal by fire, as
formerly practised by walking through it, or as subse
५uently practised, dipping the hand into boiling oil, &c.
-Admi pratishthd, S. Consecration offire ; fire lighted from
the perpetual fire for any particular ceremony, as that
of marriage.
 AG
Agni-sanshdra, S. The sacrament of fire ; the burning of
the dead body as an essential rite of the Hindu religion.
The completion of any essential rite by worship with fire.
4gni-shoma, or Agmishomiya-yd0a, S. A ceremony per
formed at the new moon, when oblations of milk are
offered to Indra through fire.
Agnishtoma, S. A sacrifice, in which the juice of the
Soma or asclepias is offered in oblation.
4ajni-stitra, S., lit. A thread of fire, but in Mysore applied
to a girdle of sacrificial grass placed round the waist of
a young Brahman when he is invested with the sacred
string of his caste.
AGoT, Mar. (अगीट) The period shortly before or after the
setting in of the rainy season.
AGOR, UGOR, or AGORwA, H. (५)* 2;) A man appointed
to watch the crops (used chiefly in the Benares district).
A division of the crop.
AGOR-BATAi, UGOR-BUTAEE, corruptly, AGORE-BETAw, H.
(.stं 2;) Division of the crop immediately after reaping
between the cultivator and the Government, the latter
taking half the produce in kind. A division of the crop
in predetermined proportions between landlord and tenant ;
lit. a watching and sharing, each party keeping a watch।
over the fields, that none of the crop may be fraudulently
made away with. Reg. ii. l796.
AGORA, UGORA, H. (),%) Daily hire.
AGOUND, UGOUND, H. ( AG;) The top of the sugar-cane
cut up for seed, in distinction to IBel-k6-b{j, in which the
cane itself is cut into five or six pieces. In some parts
of the north-west provinces the different portions of the
’ cane have different names. Pait implies the leaves ofthe top;
4८/, Adoo, Ag/oura, Agin, or Gaundi, are applied to the
cane a few inches below the top; Kaincha, Gulla, Palmra,
or Phum/i, about a foot lower, and is the part generally used
for seed. The rest of the plant is termed Gande, Gunda,
or Gunna (perhaps for the S. Khahda खण्ड:).- Elliot.
AGOU H, H.9x), from H. -1je :,ि S. a//ra अग्र) An advance
of rent paid by the cultivator to the Zemindars in the months
of Jeth and Ashdrh (Oude).
AGRADANA, Ben. (उगंधतीन्प) A Brahman of an inferior order,
who conducts funeral obse(Juies, or Sritddhas, for hire ;
also called Maladpaitra, IMalidbrahmana, Great Brahman,
ironically.
AG RAHARAM,UGRUHARUM, or, with the inflective sign, AGRA
HARAMAH, AGItAHARAM U ; also abbrewiated as AGA
11
AG
RAM, AGRARAM, and corruptly, AGRAGHRAH ; also, but
Superfluously, AGRAHARAwADAI. Tel., Karn., Tam., Mar.
(S. स्रग्रहारः, from agra स्रग्र, first, and hdra हारः, what re
ceives), A village, or a part of one, occupied by Brahmans,
and held either rent-free under Special grants, or at a re
duced rate ofassessment. The precise mature of the tenure
is usually denoted by a term prefixed, as Sarodgrahdram,
free from all (8arra) tax ; IBil-makt agrahdram, a village
at a stipulated (A. deं--J५) rent; and Kattubadi agra
haram, a willage held at a rent which fluctuates with the
produce (from the Tel. Kattubadi, a favourable or guit
rent). The same is termed, in Karnata Jodt-ag/rahdra
( eउळ९८७९ e9७9ञ्छँ).
Agrahdrarddai, Tam. (suGeºीDreErTDr6-rT०००-), Agra
hdra rddihe, Karn. (eं%ञ्ळॐयव्)०ऽं) One of the former
divisions of the willages in the Dravira countries ; those
exempt from revenue, usually occupied by Brahmans, but
sometimes by other classes.
Agrahdrika, U/ruharika, Tel. Karn. (e9(x)ञ्छ०s) A Brah
man inhabiting an Agrahara village. Bengal, a Brah
In
man who conducts Sraddhas, or obseguial ceremonies.
AGULA, Uriya (चक्षूं. ) In the northern Circars, a dam to diwert
the course of a stream,and turn it over the fields for irrigation.
AGURi, IBeng. (यांयूनी ) A low caste ; mostly cultivators.
AGwA, H. (l,sl) A village servant, who acts as a guide to
travellers.
AGwAR, H. (Glysl)
The portion of corn set apart for the vil
lage servants (from 40c first ; the first part to be taken
from the heap). In the eastern provinces it implies the
perGuisite of the ploughmen in kind.
AGwAsI, H. (..',*l) The body of the plough-Share.
AGwA, H. &c. (As,ि from the S. -{jnd स्राज्ञा) An order, an
edict, award, decree.
4a/ti-patra, H. A written order, a warrant or commission,
an edict.
Abdi///a, Uriya (for S. स्रव', against, and स्राज्ञा) Disregard
of orders ; resistance to process.
AHAn, tirup, H. (A. A५c) An agreement, an engagement, a
compact.
Ahad-ddr, H. One who makes an agreement ; an officer
of the Mogul Government who, for a per-centage on the
collection, engaged for the revenue of a district.
Ahad-ndma, H. A written engagement.
AHADIS, H. (A. ५.“-५०-l, plur of c~५A-) Traditions; espe
cially the traditionally transmitted sayings and doings of
 AH
Mohammed, as constituting the basis of the Sunnat, or
traditional law.
AHAR, AHUK, H. (P. ५-७•T) ouick-lime ; an abical), or cess
upon lime.
AHAL, Hindi (चाहल) Freshness of soil.
AHAN, AHUN, H. (P. JP) Iron.
4hami-kolimi, Tel. (from dham, iron, and Tel. holimi।
8`ं)०$o, a forge), A tax on blacksmiths.
AHAR, AHUR, or AHARA, AHURU, or AHARI, AHUREE,
H. (-9*l.JP", from S. ddhdra स्राधाग्) A small pond ;
reservoir for collecting water for irrigation ; a drain or
ditch for the same purpose ; a trough for watering cattle.
AHAR, AHUR, H. (Al) A Salt-pit.
AHAR, AHUR, H. Osl) The name of a tribe or caste ex
tensively spread through Rohilkhand and other districts in
the north-west provinces, following pastoral occupations,
and claiming to be descended from the HTadu-race of
Itajaputs, but not so recognised by other castes. The tracts
they occupy are known collectively as the Ahdrdit.
AHAvANivA, S. (चाहवनीय:) The consecrated fire taken from
the household fire for the purpose of receiving oblations.
A HDAH, UH DUH, or more correctly,OH DUH, 1. । '. H. (A. ४c५.e)
An office, whether civil or military.
Ahdah-ddr, H. (P.9le, who has), An officer, a functionary,
whether military or civil.
AHERA, Mar. (अहेर) Presents made to a person by his rela
tions on occasion of a marriage in his family.
AHERIWA, H. (५,४:bl) A sportsman, a fowler.
AHEvA, Mar. (अहेव, from S. a अ, not, and ridhaca विधवा,
widow), A woman whose husband is living.
-4/leca-macam?, Mar. The minth of the dark fortnight of
Bhadra (Aug.-Sept.), when offerings are made to the
manes of women whO have died before their husbands.
AHf R, UHEER, H. 9asl, from the S. ABHiR, ५.v.), A caste
of Hindus following the occupation of shepherds; originally
a pastoral tribe in the west of India, but now spread univer
sally, and especially mumerous in the north-west provinces,
where they are distinguished as three races, acknowledging
no other connection than the name of Ahār. These are
of the Wand-bamsa (race), Jad or Hadu-bansa, and Gncal
(Go-modla, cowherd) bamsa. The first are most nume
rous in the Central IDoab ; the second in the Upper Doab,
and on the west of the Jumna ; and the last in the Lower
Doab and the province of Benares. The two first are
numerously sub-divided, bearing distinctive appellations,
12
AH
taken usually from the place where they reside. Some
of the Jad-bansis have been converted to Mohammedanism,
and are known as Itaingars in common with some other
tribes. Tribes of Ahirs are numerous also in Rajputana
and the Panjab. In the IDelhi territory the Ahirs eat,
drink, and Smoke with Jats and Gtijars, and in some oases
with Rajputs. The seweral sub-divisions intermarry,
avoiding only the four families nearest in affinity ; and
where they are much intermixed, as in the Delhi district,
a with Gtijars and Jats, they conform to their usage of the
marriage of the widow of an elder brother by the next in
seniority.
AHiTA, UHEETU, H. (ACAs) A person appointed to watch
the grain when it is ripe, and see that none is carried
away before the demands on it are liguidated.
AHITAGNI, S. (साहिताग्नि:) A Brahman householder who
maintains a perpetual family-fire.
AHRAM, H. (A. ४-',plur. of ) Orders, commands.
A//kdm-ndma, corruptly, -4hdm-nama, or Akdm mdma, H.
Written orders ; the title given, in the Karnatic, to the
assessment of the land-revenue made under Tipu.
Alikdmi-2aminddr, H. AZamindar appointed by the ruling
power.
AHL, UHI, H. (A. Usl) People belonging to either person,
place, or practice ; family dependants; the women and
children of the head of a family. It is commonly used
in composition, as,
4hl-ul-Ijtihdd, A. (c५े-}| Usl) In Mohammedan law,
People capable of legal investigation ; gualified jurists.
Ahl-ā-kair, H. (9४ Jal) People of business; Officers ofa court.
All-ā-halam, H. (AG Usl) Civil officers ; people of the
pen. This is also used in Mysore, as Karn. (C)०9se०).
4hl-ā-hital), H. (A.५--'ं, a book), People ofthe Book-Mo
hammedans, Jews, and Christians.
Ahl-ā-madish, H. (A. U*०) Possessor of a means of subsis
tence ; holder of a rent-free tenure.
Alil-ul-masdrif A. (from ५-9'~०) In Mohammedan law, A
proprietor ; one who has the right of appropriation, or
disbursing.
4hl-i-nasrat, A. (from 9-4i) In Mohammedan law, Coadju
tors, colleagues; persons fit or able to assist or restrain their
associates, and who are therefore amenable to punishment if
they suffer or aid them to commit any offence.
Alal-i-sunnat,A.(from ५-~ं…)The followers of the traditional,
aswellasthe written law. The Sunnis,asopposedtotheShi-as
 AH
AHI.A, H. ('sl) Inundation, overflow.
AHMARANA, H. (Ad A-l, from the A. ७*-l, a fool, lit.
foolishly), A fine paid by a collector or farmer of the re
venue on account of deficiency or default.
AHxt ED-MAHyrUn, H. (A.eyA-*, AA-l, lit. the praised, but
used as proper names), A term applied in the Courts to
two persons who have combimed to defraud a third.
AHyf EDI, H. (A. (.४A4-l) A gold coin of Tipu Sultan,
egual to 5 pagodas, MARSDEN. MIII. MIv. It is also ap
plicable to the coins of Ahmed Shah of Delhi.
AH NIKA, S. (खाहिकं, from चहन् , a day, diurnal), The daily
observances of the Hindus; a diary, a journal.
AHoRATRA, S. (चहोराच:) A day and might, from sunrise to
sunrise.
AHsHAyf, corruptly, ASHAM, (H. •५-', A. plur. of ~-)
Karn. (eॐञ्यटO), HASHAyr, or HAsHAM, Mar. (हशाम,
इशाम), Attendants, followers, retinue. In the Dekhin and
Carnatic, A kind of irregular troops or militia, employed
chiefly as garrisons, and as an armed police.
A hshdm, or Hasham-daftar, H. Mar. (P.9ंGe, an office),
The muster-roll or return of the local militia, and their
expense.
A/shdm, or Hashaim daftarddr, H. Mar. (P. )le) An officer
in the Maratha state who made out the annual accounts
of the expenses and dues of the irregular troops from the
rough accounts.
JWasham, or IIashdin-farmaris, Mar. (फडनवीश) An officer
who made out the muster and pay-rolls of the irregular
troops ; also Allshdin or IIashdm-maris.
Ahshdm, or Hasham.jdijir, H. Mar. (A%५-) Assignments
of revenue for the support of the irregular troops.
Ahshdm, or IWashttm-sibandi, or A/shdm, or Hashdjm Si
pdhi, H. Mar. (शिवन्दी, शिापाही) Local militia, or irregu
lar troops, employed in garrisons, or as an armed police,
in the Maratha countries.
AH wAL, H. (A., plur. of J-) Circumstances, condition,
events ; a report or record of the particulars of an affair,
or of the condition of a thing or person.
AHvA AL-MAwAT (A. ५-';*J| ५-l, lit. revival of the dead),
Cultivation of waste lands.
AI. AHwAI BAD AL-MAwAT, Mar. (५-';*J) eश्: .s५-l J))
Surviving heirs after others’ death (Mohammedam law).
A-ioALU, or AwioALU, Karn.(ecooke७) The box in which
the portable emblem of the Lingaits is carried hung round
the neck.
13
AI
A-fDENE, Karn. (ecooंॐ ) Ears of corn selected for seed.
First crop.
AILA, or ILA, A. ('Gl) A vow ; but in Mohammedan law,
especially a vow to abstain from carnal knowledge of a wife
for four months, the fulfilment of which is eduivalent to a
divorce.
A-fL, A-EEL, Ben. (आश्लि) A bank or mound ofearth forming
a division between fields, a boundary mark, an embankment.
AIMA, less correctly, AwMA, H. (A. AAul) Land granted by
the Mogul Government, either rent-free or subject to a
small guit-rent, to learned and religious persons of the
Mohammedan faith, or for religious and charitable uses
in relation to Mohammedanism. Such tenures were
recognised by the British Government as hereditary and
transferable. Beng. Regulations before I708, p. 24. Reg.
wiii. 17{}}}, &c.
4ima-bas-/tift, H. (P. ५-*५;५) Lapsed Aima grants, or
such grants subseduently assessed.
4ima-bd:i-2amin, H. (A. ७*9 ५*५) IAand held rent-free,
or at a guit-rent, under an Aima grant.
Aima-dair, H. (P.9le, who has), Holder of land granted for
religious or charitable uses, or to religious or learned Mo
hammedans.
Aima-maugd, H. (A. e3x०) A village given as a charitable
endowment to learned or religious persons.
AIN, A. (the Arabic letter 8), The official counter-mark
of the WaZir upon a royal mandate for an assignment of
revenue under the Mohammedan Governments.
A-iN, AEEN, Awi N, AwEEN, ?. p. H. (P. Jं) Laws, statutes,
rules, regulations ; the laws enacted by secular authority
in distinction to those of the Korān or Sacred tradition.
4in-din, H. (P. ७le) Literally, One who knows the law,
but applied especially to one who, by his knowledge of Go
vernment regulations, takes advantage of those who are
unfamiliar with them.
4in-rartan, or rcurtan, (?) (S. वर्त्तेन) A special allowance
in some parts of the south of India to the Zemindar from
the resources of the village.
4in--sharhat, H. (A. ५-*9*) Terms or rules of partnership.
AIN, A. (७*e) Property actually existing, specific sum or
value, the most precious or substantial part of property.
As adopted in Maratha finance, Ain (टेन), incorrectly
written sometimes 43/en, implies either the original
fixed or standard assessment of the revenue or the lands
bearing such assessment, It occurs also in various com
B
 AI
binations in the revemue language of the Maratha provinces
and some other parts of India, chiefly in the South, in the
sense of actual, original, or originally fixed or standard.
Ainbabati, Mar. (ऐनबाबती) The original Babati, or
portion, of the fourth of the Maratha tribute set apart for
the prince.
Aiaberāj, Tam. (9ILLॐा6-Dfं) Actual or standard
aSSeSSment. _
Aindasta, Mar. (टेनदस्त) The regular cess upon fields, &c.,
as opposed to any incidental or extra charge. ArwARA, H. (४)lxl) A cow-shed in the middle of a jungle.
4injamd, corruptly, 4/en-juimma, H. (from the A. ain ..,ंe , AIWAN, Tam. (gu-dंौा) A father, also more reverentially
special, and jand º-, collection) Mar. (टनजमा) Tam.
(9Ju-dठैीg3LarT) The regular or standard collections or
revenue, fixed exclusive of extra cesses, the same as the
-4sal.jamd of Bengal.
Ainjamabandi, Mar. (P. ८.sAJ५) The settlement or account
of the assesSment upon any given tract.
Ainjinnas, Mar. (टेनजिन्नस, from the A. U~*-) The produce
of the soil as assessed in kind, not in money.
4inkamdicisjamd, Mar. (येनकमावीशजमा) The original
articles of the extra revenue not included in the land
revenue ; cesses or fees of some standing.
-4in-mok484, Mar. (श्नमोकासा, from the A. makassar, )~ं-०)
diminished, or mukhassas, ००***, appropriated ?) The
original amount of assignment oflands, or of a portion of the
Government claim of the fourth of the revenue, to the Maratha
Sirdars, on condition of their keeping up troops, &c., for the
service of the State ; also the fixed share of the Government
in the property of a village, and the revenue derived from
it, or the village originally paying part revenue to the State.
4inditi, corruptly Ayanatee and Einatee, Mar. (टेनाती) The
original standard assesSment of the revenue.
4in-mulki, Mar. (A. ५4-५०, a kingdom) The original land
reVenue.
4in-sibandi, Mar. (शिबिंदी) The original establishment of
militia.
Ain-taram, Tam. (A. ७2e , original, and T. tarama ंठDia,
kind, species), The original classification of lands in the
Madras provinces at the time of the survey, according to
their kinds or gualities ; also the assessment thus fixed,
exelusive of Sums imposed on account of subseduent im
provement.
Ain-tamkhd Dekh. (P. slystं) The original and fixed assign
ment of the revenue of lands ; a particular settlement of
the revenue in the Dekhin. See Tamakhd.
14
AJ
AINAT (A. *५e), Delivery of goods on credit at an enhanced
price, instead of a loan of money at interest.
AisH-MAHAL, H. (from A. U*४e, pleasure, and c)s*, a
chamber), The inner or female apartments of the house
of a person of wealth or rank.
ArvAJU, Tel .Kar. (०*॰ee”, corruption of the A. ८x3;ea inra3),
Substitute, eguivalent ; One thing substituted for another.
Money.
Aiodj-6karam, Tel. (?) Gross product.
4 iyaadar, and, in the South of India, a title added to the
names of Brahmans, especially those of the Sr{caishmaca
or Itatmdnujiya order.
AJA, UJU, or ADJA, UDJU, Tel. (Gºed) Amount, total, whole,
the gross produce of the land, including the shares of the
Government and of the Ryots.
AJA, Mar. (अज) The line drawn over the items of a
paper of accounts ; also of the columns and several limes
across it.
AJALU, Tuluva, but current in Karnata, (?). Hereditary fees
and perguisites of the willage officers and servants.
AJAMAN, Tel. (corruption of S. ?/djamudma, यजमान:) House
holder manager, master : it properly means the house
holder at whose expense, and on whose behalf a religious
ceremony is performed. _
AJAN, Hindi (अजन) The length of a field.
AJARA, UJARU, more correctly IJARA, g. v. A farm, a con
tract.
AJATA-PUTRA, S. (from अजात, unborn, and पुच, a son), A
man to whom no son has been born, (and who has,
therefore, power to adopt one).
AIAUtt; UJourtEE, H. (.95-l) Advances, particularly to
agricultural labourers.-East Oude. Agrourhi is the term
used in some other places.-Elliot.
AJAULI, UJOULEE, H. (J;#l) Perguisite of the lower
castes from the threshing floor : Bemares. It is derived
from the S. 4"tjali, the two hands joined, being as much
as may be so taken away.-Elliot.
AIIL, A. (c)#-ौ) Procrastination in law. Suffering such
an interval to elapse as does not preclude complaint. .
AJNA, S. &c. (अजिनं) The hide of an antelope or tiger used
as a seat by the religious student, also in the South of
India at weddings.
Awiru UNEER, H. (A. 94-l) A hired servant or labourer,
 AJ
a bondsman, a bond-slave, one who has emtered into an
engagement for a stipulated sum to serve another for a
specific term, or until he repay the sum advanced ; also,
a hirer : a lessee.
Ajir mushtarik, A. (५42;*-०A-') A common hireling,
one whose services are not confined to a single employer.
4jir rrdhid, A. (AA-}} ु**-l) A hireling who takes service
with one master only for a given term.
AJNA, in some dialects but corruptly, 4//i, ५. v. H. Ben.
(S. चाज्ञा) Order, command, decree, award, In Tam. it
Akkinai (g,फैट्क्री&ठा).
is transmuted in writing to
4jna patra, H. Ben. (S. पच, a leaf), A written order or
decree.
AJNAGDI, Hindi (अजनगदी) Taken at a fixed money rate.
AJ R, UJ R, H. (A. A-l) Hire, wages.
Art RA, UJooRA, Mar. (अजूणा, from the A. )#-l) Hire,
wages, especially to one employed by the job. In com
mercial transactions the fee or per-centage charged on a
dishonoured bill, for the expence of returming it to the
drawer when residing at a distance.
Ajaird dar, Mar. (P. )le) A hired labourer.
Ajaird ddri, Mar. (P. .9le) Hire, wages, pay by the job.
AJwA, S. (स्राज्यं) Butter that has been clarified by boiling,
more commonly called Ghee, and peculiarly fit for oblations
at sacrifices with fire : it is also drank at meals.
A।jya bhdja, or Ajya-bhdisa, S. The portion of a cere
mony when the oblation of butter is presented.
Ak, H. (c4-"l, from the S. चषकै) Gigantic swallow-wort.
sprout of sugar-came. _
AkA, Ben. (उपहिl) A sack, a bag', a furnace.
ARABATi-ToKRI, Uriya. A basket for heaving salt over
board from salt-Sloops. _
ARAL, H. (S. a स neg., kdla, काल:, time), Famine, drought,
any unseasonable occurrence. _
A hail-prishti, Hindi (S. वृष्टि, rain), Untimely or unseasonable
ralI1_
AkALA, A. (Albl) Cancelling or revocation of sale.
AkALi, S. (चकाली) A class of armed devotees among the
Sikhs, worshippers of "Him who is without time, eternal.”
AkAN, AKUN, H. (J*]) Grass and weeds collected from a
ploughed field.
AkAR, less correctly, AKUR, Mar. (S. साकार: lit. form, shape),
The assessed rent or revenue of a village or district.
Estimate in general.
4h4r band, or bund Mar. (अीकारर्बद) A statement pre
1छ्
AK
|
pared at the time of the annual settlement, shewing the
highest amount of revenue derivable from a village, the
quantity of land paying rent, or rent free, the sum assessed,
and land cultivated during preceding years ; the balances
due, and instalments by which they are to be discharged ;
the sums payable to the village officers, and the shares in
which the assessment is to be distributed among the oc
cupants of the lands.
Akar patra or patral, Mar. (S. पच , a leaf), Account of
rules of assessment, and amount of revenue kept by the
JKulkarm{.
AkARMAHI, Mar. (अकरमाही, from अकरा, eleven, and माह,
a month) Employment, &c.) in which only eleven months’
pay is received for twelve months' service.
।
ARARAN, H. &c. (S. च meg., and कारणं, cause), Causeless,
groundless.
Akdrana-p:/di/a, Karn. (eऽब्ॐं२्यंऽ) An idle or
groundless Suit.
AkARAyA, Hindi (अकराया) Ground not properly cleaned
for receiving the seed.
AKAs, H. (from the S. आकाश:) Ether, the fifth element of
the Hindus ; but, in commom use, atmosphere, sky.
Alids-birt, H. (S. साकाशवृति:) One who has no ostensible
means of subsistence : lit. one whose subsistence is the air.
Ak48-diii, H. (from S. स्राकाशदीप:) A lamp or lanthorn
raised on a pole, a signal or watch light, a light raised
at the Diwfili festival.
A Akas-mahhi, H. (S. साकाश and मुखं, the face), A devotee
of the Saiva order, who keeps his face turned up to the
sky, so that sometimes he cannot, without difficulty, restore
his head to its natural position.
AKAsALIGA, or AGUSALIGA, Karn. (essळव्)0x, exGळव्9x)
A goldsmith.
AKBARI-RAI, or AKBAR-AR-RAI, A. (५*) ५9*| .s))*l)
Or
Strong presumptive evidence ; sufficient to convict.
Ak D, UKn, H. (A. Aic) A knot, a tie ; an agreement, a
compact, a contract of marriage.
.ikaana, H. (AGlose) Marriage fee paid to the Kagi.
AWa-litdhat, A. (A. c-५५४) A contract of Kitabat or con
ditional ransom granted by a master to his slave.
Aiha-ndma, H. (P. &-५, writing) A written contract, a
marriage settlement.
AkHA, H. (५:)ि A pair of grain bags used as a pannier.
Alihem, Mar. (स्राखं) One of the pair of grain or water
bags forming a horse or bullock load.
 AK
A KIIA, Ben. (अीर्थi) A sack or bag ; a furnace, See Ak4.
A KHAI)A, UKHADA, or AkHApA, AKHUpA, pronounced also,
AKHARA, H. &c. (अखाडा, स्राखंडा) A place where people
are assembled either temporarily or permanently ; a wrest
ling ground, a place for bodily exercises and games, a stand
or place of resort for low people and hired labourers. The
residence of a society of religious mendicants, a monastery.
In Bengal it also means a band of singers.
AKHARwAR. A division of the Kurmi tribe (?).
AKHARJAT, corruption of IKHRAJAT, g. w. Expenses.
। AKHAT, Hindi (चाखत) Aportion of the crop per each plough ।
paid to the willage artisans, or the Smith, carpenter, &c.
-North-West Provinces.
AKHBAR, H. (A. plur. of )-85-) News, intelligence, a news
paper ; especially the written intelligence of the proceed
ings of Native Courts and Princes circulated to other
Courts and Princes by their appointed agents-a regular
practice under the Native administratiom.
4hhbdr-naris, A. (P. U~ं;) A news-writer, an appointed
communicator of intelligence-' our own ’ correspondent.
A KHIR, H. (A. A-)ि AKHER, Mar. (चखेर) Final, last, end.
In the Dekhin, the last assessment, the rate at which the
rewenue was last fixed.
4Whir, A. (.95-)ि Last, final.
4hhiri-hisal-kharch, H. (A. ट्)*- ५-५५-) Adjustment of AA KrLA, A. (AGle, from (ikl, Use,
the cultivators at the end of the year, shewing the amount
of revenue assessed, paid, and in arrears, with the items
of deduction for expenses.
A khir’-jam6 tumdri,H. (.9५* e**-) Improved revenuefrom
that fixed originally ; applied especially to the revenues of
Bengal, Behar, Orissa, Allahabad, &c., in the time of
Mohammed Shah, as contrasted with those fixed in the time
of Akbar.
4Whirijand-ndsil-baki, H. (A..*५U-०),) Final settlement
of the accounts of a Zemindari, or a village, crediting
profits and receipts ; debiting all disbursements and pay
ments of revenue, and adjusting the balance.
Akhir-i-nihas, H. (U-6ं, S. नि:कास) Final settlement of
an account, final adjustment of demand for revenue to be
levied on a village or an estate ; annual account of col
lections duly balanced, furnished by an assistant collector
or Subordinate revenue officer. Wikds implies, properly,
the settlement of an account or payment of rent by the
cultivating Ryots to the Zemindar.
4hhir-patraka, H. (S. पचक) In the Dekhim, account of the
16
AR
last preceding assessment kept by the willage accountant.
4hhir--sal, H. (P. J५) The end of the 'revenue’ year.
4kher-salpatti, Mar. (सखेरसालपट्टी) The last instalment and
final settlement of the revenue at the end of the official year.
AKHTfJ, UKHTEEJ, H. ( * {\, from S. ashta स्रष्ट, in the
North-West pronounced akhtd,and dasaं दशां, ten, eighteen),
The l8th of the month Bai86kh (April-May), on which it
is customary for the cultivators to settle their accounts for
the expenses of the Itabi, or Spring crop, and repayment
of advances. It is proper on this day also to begin the
manufacture of agricultural implements, to feed Brahmans,
and to eat a small guantity of the new grain. A plough
is also slightly passed ower the fallow fields for good luck,
but it is forbidden to sow seed on this day, except under
particular circumstances.
Akhtāj kd bhao, H. (*५:) The rate or price of corn prevail
ing on the day of Aklitjj, at which rate the cultivator agrees
to repay, in kind, the amount of any money advanced,
together with the interest.
AkHU, Uriya (S. हैषु) Sugar-cane.
AkHUN, or AkHUND, H. (P. ७*-" Aं,*-)ि A Mohammedan
teacher or Schoolmaster. In the Mohammedan villages
of the South he is one of the village officers, and is paid
by fees or perguisites by the community.
having for one sense, re
straint; but applied especially to the fine for bloodshed ; as,
a restraint upon the commission of violence), In Moham
medan law, an individual connected with one who, whether
intentionally or unintentionally, perpetrates homicide, and
who is held jointly responsible for the fine to be paid by
the perpetrator.
AKKADI, UKKUDEE, Karn. (eं०) Pulse, or leguminous
plants with a bivalve pericarp, having the seeds fixed to
one only of the sutures.
Akhadi-pairu, Karn. (eं॰*ं9) Sowing different kinds
of pulse at the fit season.
AKKAR, A. 9ेe) Real property.
A KKASARI, UKKUSUREE, Tel. (eं७०) Neighbouring)
contiguous.
Akkasari grdimama, Tel. (ठंCँOO) A neighbouring
willage.
Akkr, Karn. (eई) Rice deprived ofits liusk before boiling.
AKKUSAI, UKKooSAEE, Tel. (eं०ळ`०००) Commission on
goods, brokerage.
AKLIF, UKLIF, H. (A. ५-**) A Mohammedan, who, from
 AK
adeduate cause, has omitted circumcision, but is not thereby
disGualified from giving evidence.
A KOR, UKoR, H. 9ं]) A bribe. Used also im the North
West Provinces to signify the coaxing of a cow or She
buffalo which has lost its calf, and inducing it to eat.
Akor, or Kor, as sometimes pronounced, also denotes
the food which a labourer eats at intervals, of work in
the open field.-Elliot.
Akori, H. One who takes a bribe.
AkR, A. 0, e) In Mohammedan law, a marriage portion
or dower ; also ome to be settled on the female slave,
termed Mukatiba, with whom the owner has cohabited; also,
price paid for the wiolation of a maiden.
A KRA, H. (],$1) A grass or vetch which grows in fields
under the spring crop, twining round the young corn and
checking its growth (Wicia sativa). It is also termed 4ha-fota, Tel. (ess99 &o) A botel plantation or garden.
-4nkri (cs9ंGl), and is used as fodder. Akt BAT, UKooBUT, H. (A. ५--~**ey from ५--~ंe, behind,
Ak RIBA, A. (plur. of ५-५_P) Kinsmen; relations within
the degrees recognised by law.
AKSAT, UKsAT, H. (A. plur. of ka.G, kist), Instalments of
the annual revenue.
AKSHATA, read in some dialects, Achchata, Mar. &c. (from
S. Akshata, स्रघवतः, unbroken) Grains ofrice, coloured with
saffron or vermilion, placed on the forehead of an idol, or
on those of the bride and bridegroom at their marriage ;
also presented to persons invited to a feast, who place
them on their foreheads if they accept the invitation. The
sectarial mark worn by Hindus on the forehead, or the
pigment with which it is made.
AKSHAwA, S. &c. ( चघय, imperishable) The sixtieth year of
the cycle of sixty years.
Akshaya-pditra, Tel. (S. अघय, unwasting, and पाच, a
vessel) A charitable allowance to Brahmams from the
gross crop. A beggar’s dish or platter.
Alshaya triti/d, S. (अध्य, imperishable, and तृतीया, third)
The third lunation of the light half of Waisākhā-April,
May-when offerings are made to the manes, also to
Krishna. It is the supposed anniversary of the creation.
Akshaya lalitd, S. (चघय, and ललिता, agreeable (day)
The 7th of Bhadra (August, September), when a festival
is celebrated by women in honour of Siva and Durgat.
AkTAA, corruptly, ATRA, and more correctly, IRTAA, H.
(A. gueil) An assignment of land for the maintenance
of a body of troops, a jagir.
AkTA, also, AKTI, corruptly, AKHTw, OCKHTAw, Mar. (अक्ा,
17
AIA
from the A, katd, eeं, cut off separated ; whence also
Mar. Maktd and Makti, &c.) Land held at a fixed rate,
which is lower than it is capable of paying ः it is of two
descriptions, Makti Gatkul mirdsi, land belonging to the
village community, let for a specified term for a fixed
Sum, less than the probable demand of the Government ;
and Khand-mukti mirdsi, land similarly let, but in per
petuity, and held in absolute property by the occupant :
(such are the explanations given by the collector of Poona,
Rev. Selections, 4, छै48, but Akti and Mahti। are
clearly only the epithets of Wirdsi, hereditary property,
implying, set apart, let on lease, either for a term or
for ever.)
Akt’, Tel. (ं9) A leaf the betel leaf; the young rice plant
ready for transplanting.
subseduent), Punishment, torture.
AL, corruptly, AUL, H. ( J)ि A plant (Morinda citrifolia),
from the roots of which a red dye is prepared. The best
kind in the North-West Provinces comes from Bunde1
_"
khand. In the same Provinces Al sometimes denotes a
JParia, or division of a willage.
Al hdri,H. (S. कारी, who makes) Aclass of Rajputcultivators
in Nagpur, from their especial cultivation of the Al tree.
AL, or AAL, H. (A. Je) Boundary of a field.
A!ं, Tam. (gu,०ौ'), AI, or AI.A, Mal. (७C)७०, (७og), ALtं,
Karn. (G४०), A man, a person, an individual, an adult,
or one edual to take care of himself a servant, a labourer,
a messenger, a slave (perhaps from the A. J", progeny,
dependants).
Alkali, Mal. (७०)७०े9em) Wages of a labourer.
Alotti, Tam. (g',०6ITrT-u१-) An overseer, one who super
intends and urges on labourers.
Alpattam, Mal. ( Gobeo-493०) Hire or rent of a slave
lent out to another person.
Alusanka, Karn. (G१०॰७० ँ) A tax levied on cultivators
in Mysore, who employ labourers or slaves, at so much
per head.
ALA, H. (}}) Wet, moist, as land saturated with water,
especially rain-water : the word occurs in the dialects
as Al, Alial, Ali, and 4il.
AL-APD, H. (A. J', the, A4e, slave) Form of countersig
nature by a subordinate clerk or officer, lit. the slave or
Serwant.
 AIL AIA

ALAG, ULUG, corruptly, ALAGA, ULUGA, or AI.GA, ULGU,
H. (e-%), from the S. a च, neg., and lagma लग्न, con
nected ; disjoined, unconnected) Separate, several, detached:
the word, modified, occurs in most dialects.
4lagd-4sdmilu, Tel. (A. ५~~') Loose folks, wanderers,
vagrants, temporary occupants, persons not reckomed among
the inhabitants of a village.
Alaga bhaimi, Tel. (S. भूमिं) Waste land, land set apart for
pasture.
a discoverable trace or vestige of a robbery or murder on
the spot where committed.
Aldmat-i-dastkhat, H. (P. kasvue) A mark in place of
signature ; usually the mark of one unable to write.
ALAsANDr, Karn. (e०:०००) A species of pulse GDolichos
catjang).
AI.AwI, Karn. (e9१२) A lease or agreement given to the Ryot
in writing ; one stipulating a progressive assessment : also
termed Alaui Gemi.

Alaga pullari, Tel. (ं),ं,०) GraZing tax or fine levied Alaci-8air, Karn. (A. JP५“) Sea-customs. Extra revenue

on stray cattle. _ * let on lease or in farm.

ALAkH NAMI, H. (from S. alakshya, चलघ्य, the indefinable
God ; and ndma, a name), A mendicant of the Saiva
Sect.
ALA KKIRA-KoL, Tam. (Su6ITकैempGET60) A measuring
rod or pole. See Alacu.
4!ahkirapag, Tam. (96ITकैeीDr6a-loंौा ) A measurer.
4lacan, Tam. (96rT6-ld T) A measurer, a guager.
4lakkugai, Tam. (9थ6rTर्कै&ठ,०००eB) Measurement.
ALALHISABU, Tel. Karn. (C००*C`त्यं29, from the Ar.
l'il-hisabu, (49~~'' , according to the account)
before hand, money paid in advance or on account
AL-AMASJI,Tam. (g,०*r-9ILa(्रeी fromAl, alabourer, and
* Alagogulu, Tam. (?) An account specifying the measure
amagji, compulsory service) Compulsory service which the
AI.AvU, or AI.AwAI, Tam. (su6rT6.4, 96rTCo०6a-l) Measure,
measurement, especially ofgrain. Portion of produce set
apart as payment for the measurement of the crop.
Alara-hdrag, Tam. (96IT6-कैerTDrॐT) A measurer,
the village officer who measures the threshed grain and
regulates the proportionate distribution of water for irri
gation.
Alapu-paimaisl, Tam. (from Alapu and P. paimaish, measure
ment), Survey or measurement of fialds, especially the name
Pay given of a particular Survey and valuation of the lands in Malabar,
made for the purpose of assessing the revenue in l807-8.
ment of each field im a farm or hamlet.

villagers in the Dravira provinces were formerly compelled
to render to Government officers or persons travelling
on public duty.
ALAM, H. (Ae) A banner ; the banner of Hasan and Hosain
carried in procession at the Muharram.
AI.AM, ULUM, Tam. (96rrta) Asalt pan, a place where salt
is made.
4!auam, Tam. (9ध०rT6-lcर्रा) A salt maker.
4!attu milam, Tam. (9|6rT छै:Glpleota also, in some lists,
4laod-nilam, or Alaca-podal) Land impregmated with salt,
and therefore unfit for cultivation.
ALAM, Hindi (अलम) Sticks set up for creeping plants to grow
ALAwA, H. &c. (P. ४}}l, अलावा) A fire-place; applied in
Hindustan especially to a hole in front of the shed where the
paraphermalia of the Muharram are deposited, and in which
a fire is lighted every evening during the festival.
ALCHALIKU, (?) The mouldering away of the banks between
the corn fields.
ALDHOLA, Karn. (eंee) Afield in one's own possession.
ALE, Karn. (e9ँ), ALAI, Tam. (ं,ॐ0) A press for extracting
the juice from the sugar-cane; a sugar-mill ; the juice of
the cane ; also a forge.
Alंjuni, Karn. (e9९7०ॐ) A hole for receiving the juice
of the cane.

upon. Ald h006ं, Karn. (?) A tax on Sugar-mills in Mysore.

ALANDADEv ? A class of slaves in the Tamil countries. Alemandsunka, Karn. (esॐ3oत्रँ९:Coos) A duty levied on
Chingleput. Sugar works.
ALATA, or ALATI-GARA, Karn. (e9%ठं e%3.
* a meaSure, ALEKAL, more correctly, ANAIRAL, d. v. Tam. Stone embank
and 7ज्ञ9, from S. कार्, who makes) A person employed ment of a reservoir. _

in Mysore to measure corn or land, sometimes included ALI, ALEE, H. (JD A land measure of four Bisis. Nine
among the willage officers. -1lis go to one Juila.-Ger)chal.
ALAMAT, H. (A. ५~~～le) Lit. A sign. It is usually written At.IDAwA, or ALDAwA, or AI.IDoDEvA, Karn. (e9९१ ँ,
before the signature of a female. It is also used to signify e%,ॐ, e9९?ं.०ॐ०७०) A ruler, a master, a king.
18
 AL
ALf wA, H. (५ll) A branch of the Turkia subdivision of the
travelling grain dealers, called Banjaras.
ALrvA, Karn. (e४०े9) A son-in-law.
4liya santdna, Karm. (S. संतानं, offSpring) Succession or
descent by the female line in Malabar.
AL-GoL, H. (J,Kºle, from the A. Aili, , lofty, excellent,
and the, S. Gola, गोल, a ball, a troop), Irregular foot in
the Maratha service, without discipline or regular arms.
According to some they are so named from charging in
a dense mass, or Gol, and invoking ALI, the son-in-law
of Mohammed, being chiefly Mohammedans.
ALKAB, ULkAB, H. (A. plur. of ५--~ं, a title) Titles, honours,
part of a form of address to persons of high rank; as to
the Govermor-General, who is commonly styled Nawab
Mali-alkab Bahadur, the moble, the Nawab, of lofty titles.
ALLU, ULLoo, Gu2. (?). In Kattiwar akind ofordeal in cases
of disputed boundaries in which the claimant walks over
the contested limits with a raw hide or a cloth on his
shoulders, previously dedicated to one of the fearful forms
of Durgft, from whose vengeance he will receive some
calamity if his claim is unjust.
ALLU, U..oo, Tam. (ंभ6्रr७)) A handful of grain given
to the willage servant by whom a guantity has been
measured ; or a small guantity of any article sold in the
ba2ar taken as a cess or tax.
4lledukiracan,Tam. (96IT36rTGकैeहीp6uठैी) The mea
surer who is paid by a handful from each Guantity measured.
ALMA, Karn. (eं) A king', a ruler.
ALxtAGA, Karn. (e3ंOx) A servant.
ALyrARA, or ALMARI, H. (.9५all, Port. Ulmaria) A cabinet,
a wardrobe, a cupboard, a chest of drawers.
4lmara-komeru, Tel. (?) A well with steps down one side.
ALo, H. (x)) A portion of unripe corn.-Province of Benares.
ALTA, H. (७d) Balls of cotton impregmated with lae dye ;
hence also the dye itselfः
ALTAMGHA or ALTAMo HA, ALTUMGHA or ULTUMGIIA, H.
(from the Turkish al J", red, and tamāhd। ७.AG, a stamp
or impression ; Bianchi, IDict. Turc-francais) A royal
grant under the seal of some of the former native princes
of Hindustan, and recognised by the British Government
as conferring a title to rent-free land in perpetuity, heredi
tary and transferable. Although probably originally bear
ing a red or purple stamp, the colour of the imperial seal
or signature became in Indian practice indifferent.-Jºlliot.
ALU, H. &c. (S. *,ि चालु) An esculent root, a kind of arum,
19
AIL
and applied to any similar root, as to the potato, also called
Bilaiti-alu, and the yam, called Phul-alu.
ALUKU, Tel. (exeoं9) Sowing seed in ground prepared
for its reception.
ALUGU, Tel. (eeo7०) A channel, a sluice to carry off
the overflowing water of a reservoir or tank.
ALUTE, corruptly, ULOOTAw, ALLOOTIE, ALLOOTw, ALowTAw,
Mar. (अलुते, plur of खलुता, possibly a mere alliterative
term derived from Balate, ५. v. as Balut6-alute) The
collective designation of the persons whom it is customary
in some of the provinces of the Dekhin, to retain as vil
lage servants, in addition to the IBalut6ं, or regular village
servants, such as superannuated members of the Balute, or
their widows, religious mendicants, and the helpless and
lazy in general. Besides these, twelve classes of the
Balut6, are specified, viZ. l. The
Alut6, as well as of the
Janjam, or priest of the Lingayits, who is employed to
blow the conch shell in the temples ; 2. The Koli, or
water-carrier, who supplies travellers and government
functionaries travelling on public duty with drinking-water,
also the cultivators with water to wash their threshing
floors, and the village º at large with water on public
festivals ; 8. The Bhat, or village bard, who chants
hymns in the temples, and is employed when children are
betrothed to ascertain that there are no physical impedi
ments to the marriage ; 4. The Tºdmttsi, or village watch
man, by caste and practice a thief In different parts of
the South-West of India his place is taken by the IBlifl or
the Koli, both wild and lawless tribes, residing chiefly in the
thickets of the Satpura hills, but taking service in the plains;
5. The Mali, IBajhban, or gardener, who grows flowers to
decorate the temples with, and prepares nosegays to present
to Government officers or men of rank passing through the
village ; 0. The Taral or Heskar, who is considered the
same as the Mher, except that the latter is usually ranked
among the Balute receiving only a different seale of
compensation. All the Mhers in the willage take the
office of Tarftl for a year in rotation, and, besides the
fixed allowance of land or grain, each receives annually
a pair of shoes and a blanket. The Tarfil is to be always
resident and at the call of the Pattl, and is especially
assigned to .attendance on strangers, whom he furnishes
with local information, and for whom he procures the
necessary supplies; 7. The Gondhali, beater of a double
kettle-drum ; 8. The Dauri Gosain, who beats a sort of
 AI
small drum ; 0. The Garsi, (?) or piper ; l0. The Sempi,
Darji, Sati, or Sui, the village tailor ; II. The Te' ं,
or oil presser and vender ; l2. The Taimbili, or preparer
of the Pain, or betel-leaf, &c. Few of these hold land,
but are mostly paid by an allowance of grain. There
are some varieties in their specification ; as, for instance,
in Dufr’s History of the Marathas the twelve 4lutas are
called, 1. The Sonar, goldsmith ; 2. The Jandam ; 9. The
tailor ; 4. The water-carrier ; 5. The Tardil ; 6. The
Jral; ; 7. The drummer ; 8. The piper ; 9. The Itdmisi
or Bh; ; 10. The Taili ; II. The Timbili, and I2. The
Gondali. But the whole number of twelve are rarely
found in any village establishment. On the other hand,
there are occasional additions to the list, as, Jhdjantris,
musicians and comedians ; Kaldrantins, dancing girls ;
a Waidya, or village physician ; a Ghota-khor, a diver,
0me who plunges into the water to recover lost articles ;
and a Gdrpagdri, a village conjuror and fortune teller.
_
A !. vAR, Tam. (pl. श्99-3- rTर्ष्टr) ALvARU, Tel. (pl. eंऽंO),
Rulers, persons of authority, the collective title of twelve
reputed saints of the Southern Waishnavas, who are said to
have each written a portion of the Drdrida Prabandhd,
or Tamil Weda, chiefly designed for Sitdras and women.
Ramanuja, the founder of the Srt Waishnava sect, which is
one of the three great sects of the Peninsula, is sometimes
considered the same as Wembiru-mānāru, the last of the
Alvār.
AAst, or AM, corruptly, At M, H. (A. Fe) The general
people, the commonalty, as opposed to the k/ds, the nobility,
or the select.
Diran---fim, H. The public hall of audience, that to
which all persons may be admitted ; in distinction to the
IDiwan-i-khas, the hall of the Select, the privy council.
AyrAD, AM UD, H. (from the P. (im dan। ७9--", to come),
Income, revenue.
Anad-0-raft, H. (from the P. ७9--", and c;9 , to go,
literally, coming and going), Income and expenditure.
Imports and exports. (In GuZerat) Town duties: also applied
to Safe-conduct, permission to come and go without harm.
Amad-o-raft bhanddiri, H. Surety for Safe conduct;
guarantee for coming and going with impunity.
Anad- or Anda-ndia, H. A merchant who purchases im
ported goods wholesale for retail to petty dealers.
AM-I-wAI.AD, or, more correctly, UM-AL-wALAD, A. (from ',
a mother, and roolad *; ; oftspring) A female slave who
20
AM
has borne a son to her master, and is therefore, by the law,
to be emancipated at his death.
AMAL, UM UL, H., used in most dialects, with the import
sometimes slightly modified, (A. 9Ae , चमल) Business,
affairs, an office, collection of revenue, administration of
justice, management of any land or business on behalf of
amother, deputation, authority, government. In Maratha
finance an item or head of collection, the Share or por
tion of the revenue after the expenses and extra charges
have been defrayed. In the Tamil countries commonly,
Confiscation, seizure.
-1mal-dir, H. &c. Ole:LAe) A manager, an agent, a
governor of a district, a collector of revenue. An officer
appointed to collect the revenue of an estate which has
been attached by Government. In the South it is applied
especially to the native revenue collector acting under the
authority of the European collector. Any person holding
a post or office. The title is also given to the native head
of the police in a district, usually also the head revenue
officer, whose duties are defined by Bombay Regulations,
xii. of 1827, and iv. of l8:90, and Act xx. of l8:9छे. Under
the Maratha Government, Amaldars or Aumildars were of
three kinds; those holding the office of collector on a lease
from the Government ; those who were appointed by the
Sarsubahdars ; and Bankers or Sahukars, who, having
advanced money to the Government or its revenue officers,
were appointed to collect the revenue of a district until
they had paid themselves.
-1nal-ddri, H. &e. (.9'AL*e) Management, administration,
collection ofrevenue. The office of Amald4/’. POssession,
occupancy.
-1mal-dastak, Umal-dustuk, H. (५--J…LAe) Deed of
conveyance ; any document giving possession of property.
Warrant or authority to collect the rents of an estate ; a
written order from the proper authority to enable the
purchaser of an estate at a public sale to obtain possession
of it.
Amal.farmdish, Mar. (P. U*५५9*, order) An item in the
deductions from the net revenue, fees paid to revenue
officers (?)
A। mal-'्/usttr, H. 9}*U~e) A collector of revenue.
Amal-ndna, H. (P. &०Ud ~e) Authority to manage or
administer property, an order for possession, a warrant
from a competent public functionary to an individual,
authorising his taking possession and management of
 AM
landed or other property, an order from a Zemindar to his
cultivators to give possession to a renter.
4mal-patto, H. (ंlºe) A deed appointing an agent or
manager, a warrant authorising a person to collect the
rents of an estate.
Amal-sanad, H. (Ai.JAe) A deed or warrant empower
ing a person to collect rents or manage an estate.
AstALI, AMLI, UMULEE, or UMLEE, H. ( ) Payment
of the revenue by a division of the crop or in kind; applied
also to a village where the revenue is paid in kind: any
thing related to, or connected with, managements, collec
tions, and the like. The title of the revenue year in
Bengal and Orissa, the same as Fasli, ५. v.
AyrAL--JINS, H. (from H. 9-al amal, intoxication, and A.
.jins U~*-, sort, kind) Intoxicating liguors or drugs.
Among the Marathas the revenue levied upon their sale,
the same as Abhairi.
AyrAL, AM UL, Hindi (चामल, perhaps an error for AAstrt)
Being in charge or possession of
AyrAs, UstUN, also, AMAN, UMAN, H. (A. ७-', ७५) Safety,
security, protection : protection granted to an infidel
during the first year of his residence in a Mohammedan
country.
4mdnat, Umanut, H. (५-jbal, from aman ७०) occuring,
slightly modified, in most dialects, or sometimes corrupted,
as in Tel. to Andmat or Amdmatu, (e9~ण``SCं७ ), as well
as Andnata eॐणं9 Deposit, charge, any thing held
in trust, money deposited in court. Among the Marathas,
profit derived from deposits and temporary seguestration
of estates.
4ndnat daftar, H. (P._AJo, office) An office under the
Mohammedan Government for deposits, or for a register of
trusts. The superintendant was invested sometimes with
judicial powers in civil suits. Reg. xxii. l796, preamble.
4mdhuat ddr, H. (P.9le, who has) The holder of a deposit
or charge, a trustee, a guardian.
4ndndit-dari, H. (P. .9'e, having) Guardianship, agency,
trust
4mdinat:jari, H. (A. .9५-, proceeding) (In the South of
India) Assignments of revenue resumed or held temporarily
in charge of a Government officer.
-4mdinat-mahal, H. (P. J=*) An estate.
4mdinat-ndma, H. (P. A.८७) A deed of trust or deposit, a
document conveying any thing in trust.
4ndnal-nashta,Karn.(ं) A tax on ground first cultivated
21
AM
for the Piper Betel, and afterwards for rice, in which the
difference of the revenue from dry and wet lands is charged
to the Ryots.
AMANI, UMANEE, corruptly, UMAUNEE, AUMANw, AMAUNy,
H. (G५al) Held in trust or deposit; applied especially
to the collection of ॰he rewenue direct from the cultivators
by the officers of Government upon the removal or sus
pension of an intermediate claimant or Zemindar, the same
as the hhds collection : it is also applied to Ryotwari
settlements, or settlements with each cultivator individually,
where no renter or proprietor has been acknowledged ; also
to lands in the possession of the collector’s officers for
arrears of revenue, or which, on any other account, are not
held by individual tenants.
4mdni-bdgi-bab, H. (५-५ c**:) Miscellaneous heads of
receipt or revenue held in trust or deposit, or collected
direct by the officers of government.
Andn-taldo, H. (,)b.jual) Karn. Amanikere, (eंOGo-9
ई&y In Mysore, an unrented tank or reservoir of
water, not belonging exclusively to any one willage, but
subservient to the watering of the lands of several, under
the superintendence of the officers of the Government.
AMAN, AMUN, Hindi, IBen. (स्रामन, उषiभ१) Rice grown on
low wet grounds, the rice that is sown in July and August,
and reaped in December, winter rice.
Amaniya, H. Ben. (स्रामनिया) Land on which the winter
crop of rice is Sown.
AMAg.JI,orAMINul, Tam. (sutāऽप्;eी 9ILAl&प्;el) Compul
*
sory service without payment ; the gratuitous employment
of the willagers in the transport of baggage, &c., for public
officers; also the general levy of men inhabiting irrigable
villages for the purpose of clearing out the channels or
tanks, and for repairing breaches or constructing dams.
AMANTA GApu, Tel. (eंग“०97प`ॐo) A pedlar, a hawker.
AMARAM, Tam. (suLaDta, lit. command of a thousand
foot.) A grant of revenue by the Prince or a Poligar,
on condition of service generally, military or police ; such
grants were resumable when the Amarakdr, or grantee,
failed to perform the stipulated service.
AMARi, UMAREE, H. (A. ५.9५e) A canopied seat on an
elephant.
AMATwA, Mar. (S. अमात्य, a minister), One of the eight
principal officers of the Maratha state.
AstAvALUJrNDAGr, Karn. (e२cव्व्eoas० ँ?\, the latter
word is a corruption of the P. 2indagi, life) In Mysore,
(*
 AM
the property of a person dying without heirs and escheating
therefore to the Government.
4maudludama, Karn. (e93Oव्ण्aeoं७) Cattle without
owners, claimable by the Government.
AMAvAsI, UMAvUsEE, H. (.*५,५०l, from the S. षमावसी or
चषमावास्या) Day of conjunction, day of new moon, when it
rises invisible. The term is current throughout India,
sometimes slightly modified, as, -4maodsi, 4mdsi, 4ma
oasd, Amamaisi, and, as corruptly spelled, 4maubasee,
4mauoas/, 4maious, &c.
Ast B, or Ast, H. (५~ि or (", from S. Amra or Amra स्रव:,
साश्व:) A mango, the mango-tree ; occurring in most
dialects, sometimes slightly modified, as, -4mb, Ambd, or
4?mbं.
Amba, or Ambi-ddhale, Mar. (संवा, सँवी दहले) A branch
of a mango-tree ; an extra cess paid in commutation of
presents of mangoes formerly reguired. Rev. Sel. iv. 652.
4mbardi, or Amarai, Mar. (संबराडॆ, चाश्वाहै) A grove of
mango-trees,or any garden. Revenue derived from gardens
and groves. Rev. Sel. i. 608, and iv. 167.
,
-4mbardi-Gutti//6ं, Karn. (K०_87 assessment) Rent or
revenue from mango groves or orchards.
-1mbd or Amb1-taka, Mar. (चंबाढका) Revenue from a tax
on mango growes.
AMBAD1-KovILARAM, Mal. (?) The chief palace, the residence
of the eldest and principal wife of the Samttri or Zamorin.
AMBALAM, Tam. (sutal-6ota) A place where public affairs
are discussed. (Mal. Goor2-Jea०) In Malabar, a temple
of the first class.
4mbala-kdran, or Ambalagdr, Tam.(suta-l60ळैeBrTDrॐा)
The patel, or head of a village, particularly of villages in
habited by Stidras. The person who presides in the meet
ing-house of a willage. An officer who publishes the
decrees of an assembly. R. Sel. ii. 580.
4mbala-mda/am, Tam. (9Ital-6ouarTCoflu-ta) A por
tion of land held free of revenue by the headman of a
willage, as a perguisite of office.
4mbala-pati, Mal. (from o-ls), a step) In Malabar the
hereditary dignity of an elevated seat or step in a temple,
giving to the person who enjoys it the right of directing
the ceremonies : the dignity commonly devolves on the
headman of a willage, but it is saleable.
4mbala-ctisi, Tam, Mal. (Suta-l606urreी) A caste in
Travancore who are makers ofgarlands: they are attendants
in temples, and rank between Brahmans and Nairs.
*D*x
AM
AMBAR, H. &c. (P.),५Gl, S. संबार्) A store, a heap, a granary,
a heap of any thing.
Ambaram, Tel. Karn. Tam. (e०य्*ं99, 9थtal-rTDia,
from the P. ),५Gl) A heap, a pile, a stack of corn ; grain
on the threshing floor ; Government share of the crop.
Ambarakkadai, Tam. (9Ital-rTDrकैeco०-) A store, a
granary, a place where any thing is stored.
4mbdra khdma or -hham6, Karn. (aऽगळ०ॐ९, P. AGe-) A
magaºine of grain, a granary.
Ambara-r4si, Karn. (Co?, S. राशी, a heap) The Govern
ment Share of the crop collected in a heap.
Ambar-84rः, Mar. (बॆषारसारी) A tax on houses, except
those of Brahman village-officers. Rew. Sel. iw. 100.
4ttambdr, Karn. (eं०॰ब्8 ) The whole heap, or the
shares of the Government and cultivator before the crop
is divided.
AMBARI, also AMARI, H. (A. ८.s,५*e) A canopied seat on
on elephant. A litter borne by a camel. (P. )५dl) A
granary.
4mbdri patt{, Mar. (चर्रबाडी पट्टी) A tax on the cultivation
of hemp or making of rope from it.
AMBASHTHA, vernacularly, AMBASHTH, S. &c. (सम्बष्ट:) A
man of a mixed tribe, the offspring of a Brahman father
and a Waisya mother ; by occupation a physician.
AMBATrAN, Tam, Mal, (suta-lt--cण) A barber, the barber
of the willage.
AMBUvAcHi, S. (सम्बुवाची) Four days in Ashttrh (June
July), the I0th to the I8th, inclusive of the dark half of
the month, or moon's wane, when the earth is regarded as
unclean, and agriculture is prohibited.
4mbuodicht prada, S. (प्रद, what gives) The first of the
four days.
4mbucach; tydga, S. (त्याग, leaving) The last of the four
days.
Astr), ऐxD, A. (o~e) Wilful; as, Katal-4nd, Wilful murder.
Shabil-dmd, Apparently wilful, i. e. manslaughter.
AMDANI, AMDUNEE, corruptly, AUMDANw, or AMDAUNw.
still more so, AMDENNw, and AMDEHNy, H. (P. 49-" lit.
a coming, from ७o--" to come) Income, receipts : as a Go
wernment term, receipt of revenue or customs.
Amddini, Mar. (स्रमदानी, vernacular for the preceding) Pro
ducts of the earth, articles of merchandi2e generally arriving
at market in their fit season, also that particular Season.
Profits, perguisites ; sway, rule.
AMEfHIWA, H. (५*a) A tribe of Chouhan Rajputs, origi
 AM
nally from Amethi, in Oude, some of whom are settled in
Gorakhpur.
AMEZ ADHARAyr, H.,but current in the Dekhin, (from P.}~,ि
mixing, and S. ddhdra आाधारँ, support, receptacle) Land
having mixed resources, i. e. being irrigated both naturally
and artificially; also with bhami, land, Anes-ddhar bhami.
Ast IL, or AAstrL, corruptly, AUMIL, H., but used in most
dialects, sometimes slightly modified, and freduently con
founded with AyrAL, (A. d) ०५=, n. of agency, from dmal
u)Ae, he performed a task, he transacted an affair) An
officer of Government in the financial department, especially
a collector of revenue on the part of the Government, or
of the farmer of the revenue, also himself a farmer of or
contractor for, the rewenue under the native system, and
invested with supreme authority, both civil and military,
in the districts which he farmed, as is still the case in
several native states, especially Oude and Hyderabad. In
the early settlement of Benares by the Government of
Bengal the -1mil was intrusted with the joint power of
Hakim or magistrate, and Tehsildar or collector, and was
responsible for the reali2ation of a fixed amount of revenue,
being precluded from levying any excess on the Govern
ment demand. Reg. ii. l70छे.
-1ma-dar, H. (9le d) ०५:) A collector of or contractor for,
the revenue: (used as synonymous with -fmil, but no doubt
an inaccuracy for 4nal-dar, ५. w.)
-finil-ddri, corruptly, Aumil-darrei, H. (.9le५-४५) The
district or estate for the revenue of which the Amil was
responsible ः (probably an error for Amal-ddri)
-1 mil-daul, H. (Jye d) ०५e) The estimated amount of revenue
to be realiZed by the native collector or contractor.
-1mil-ndma, Aumil-namah, H. (&०ud ae) A written order
or warrant tO an -1mil, a commission to take possession
of land in the name of the Government ; preferably,
4inal-ndma.
Anili, 4atmil/, H. (.A~५) The harvest year, more cor
rectly, 4mali ; also the same as Fasli.
AstLA,UstLA,corruptly,ox LAH, H. (A. ALAe, plur of AAsrtL,
9.०५=) The collective head native officers of a judicial or
revenue court under the European judge or collector.
4nala-ā-alishdm, H. The collective officers of the irregular
militia under the native Government. In Bengal a jagir
was assigned for their support.
4mla-ā-nandrd, H. Under the Mohammedan Governments
the collective officers of the fleet of boats maintained for
23
AM
the defence of the sea-coast; the assignments of revenue for
their maintenance and that of the flotilla.
AMiN, UMEEN, corruptly, AUMIN, AUMEEN, H., but occur
ring, slightly modified sometimes, in most of the dialects,
(A. ७*•', from ७ral , to trust, Hindi, चमीन) A confidential
agent, a trustee, a commissioner ; applied in Upper India
especially to a native officer of Government, employed either
in the revenue department to take charge of an estate and
collect the revenues on account of Government, or to in
vestigate and report their amount ; or in the judicial de
partment, as a judge and arbitrator in civil causes, In
the Presidency of Bengal,in particular, two classes of native
judicial functionaries are mow so named, or the Sadar
-4min ७*४)**. empowered to try gauses to the extent of
1000 rupees, and the Sadar Amin Adili। (Je ७*•'99-e),
or Principal Sadar Amin, to whom lies an appeal from
the decisions of the Amin, and who decides suits to an
unlimited amount. Beng. Reg. iv. xlv. l703; vii. l822;
xxiii. 1814; iv. I827 ; w. 183I ; Act ix.1844.
4min-daftar, H. 0;ise.JA-al) An office in which the accounts
of the Amfnswereaudited; therecordedorregisteredaccounts.
4min-patel, Gu2. Superintendant over the village Patels ।
of a district, appointed to adjust boundary disputes, and
furnish local information for the assessment of the revenue
to the collector. This officer has come, in some instances,
to supersede the Desai, or former chief district officer : in
S0me places the office is hereditary.
AMi R, corruptly EMIR, H. (A. ु**', from ु~', to command)
A nobleman, a Mohammedan of high rank.
Amrd, or Umrd, corruptly, Omrah, H. (A. ]~' , plur. of,*०)
The nobles of a mative Mohammedan court collectively.
4?????”-ul-Umrd, H. A. Chief of the mobles, a title conferred
by the sovereign at his pleasure, sometimes designating
the Commander-in-Chief
J6jir-i-Amir-ul-Umrd, H. Assigmment of lands or their
revenue to the Commander-in-Chief for his personal remu
neration.
Amār’-al-Matmam{n, H. A. (७***]*al) Prince of the
faithful, a title of the Khalifs especially, but often assumed
by Mohammedan princes.
AMJI, Dekh. (.ु-*) Compulsory service. (See Amanji).
Ast R-BA-wAD, A. (A४.५,al) In Moliammedan law, a form of
divorce. If a man say to his wife, " Wour business is in
your own hands ” (Amruki-ba-xadiki), and the woman
assents, an irreversible divorce takes place.-Hed.
 AM
AMISHAir, AMESHAst, or AyrUsHAst (?) Tam. (ं,LAl6%ta)
The produce of a piece of land, the crop. An estimate
especially of the value or yield of a standing crop.
Adangal-dmisham,or Amisham ddppu, Tam. (-IT-"- , an
account) Estimate of the produce of a piece of land for a
whole year.
Ast LA K, A. (plur of c4-9-०) Landed possessions, real property.
AM MA, (Tel. &c. eं, S. Ambd अम्बा) In all the languages
of Southern India except Tuluva, Mother, and affixed, as a
respectful term of address to females in general, to their
names ; as, Sitamma, Wangamma, It forms, also, a
designation of warious popular goddesses unknown to the
generalsystem; as, Mariyammd, and40athammd, tutelary
goddesses of Madras. The latter is usually called Hºdjatha,
and both are, no doubt, adopted from the Roman Catholics,
being, in fact, the Wirgin Mar/, and Sta 40atha, although
now especially worshipped by shopkeepers and Pareyar.
In Tuluva the word means father. - 9*५ e७)) Land that has been waste from time imme
AMyrAr, (ंal) One of the ten kinds of wounds compensated
by fine, a wound of the head not penetrating the dura-mater.
Ax RI, or UMREE, H. (from A. Ae, life) A grant or the like
for life, interest for life.
AMRrr, corruptly, AMREETA, H. &c. (S. Amrita चामृतं, from
a च neg. and mrita, dead) Ambrosia, nectar, the beverage
of immortality; applied in common use to various items.
Amrit-mahal, H. (A. Je*) A term used in Mysore to
designate a public establishment for rearing cattle for
military uses.
Amrit-mamodhri, erroneously, Amrit-mandhara, and Amrit
mandhi, Uriya (ध१६.१s१॥ं) Funds for the support of
the temple of Jagannatha, allowance to the Brahmans to ANAN,
provide sweetmeats for the idol Jagannditl, which, after
presentation to him, are distributed among all who are
present.
AM UMAT, A. (५--~～~', from ', a mother) In Mohammedan
law, the condition of being a mother, maternity.
Ay wAL, H. (A. plur. of mal U५०) Property, goods, chattels,
personal property.
Ammcal-rabnsi, A. Property that may be lent at a usurious
interest.
ANA, H. (७ा, S. खाना, B. ज्योन1, Mar. स्राणा or अणा) The six
teenth part of a rupee, commonly, but incorrectly, written
Amma ; it is used either singly or in its multiples to denote
proportional fractions of any article ; thus, one dind of any ।
thing-of land or chattels-is one-sixteenth ; four dinas, a !
*24
AN
quarter ; eight dmas a half, &c. In central Hindustan it
is applied also to land measure. One dnd of land is edual
to sixteen rtisis, and sixteen dnas to one kanchu. It also
expresses the divisions of village lands, the minor portions
ofeach share being subdivided into ānas or sixteenths; thus,
one share and eight anas is eguivalent to lट्टे, &c. In
Western India it is also applied to land measure, one
dma being the sixteenth part of a Gomta, or 7.े02ā sGuare
yards; or it denotes one link of a measuring chain con
taining sixteen links.
And-hara or kuru, corruptly, Annal-kharch, H. (from S.
kara, कर, tax) A fee of one āna on each rupee of revenue
levied by the headmen in Asam to cover local charges.
And patt{, Mar. An extra cess at the rate of one Ana on
each rupee of the assessment, or a like charge per plough
or per head, &c.
ANAD BANJAR or BUNJUR, corruptly, ANOD BUNGER, H.
morial (from S. anddi अनादि, without beginning, and
H. banjar, waste land).
Anddi blittmi, H., used in Mysore. Land transferred by
mortgage (from S. अनादि, and भूमि, land.)
Anddi-lidil, Tel, Tam. (eoश“वैश्यैॐo, 9.०णrrंठीLiG) A
piece of ground that has never been cultivated ; also
similar terms as, Anddi karambu, Anddi tarisa.
ANAJ, H. (ह-५), अनाज) Grain, commonly, but incorrectly,
pronounced NAJ.
ANAkALABHRITA, (S. अनाकालभृत:) One of the fifteen kinds
of slaves in Hindu law, a man who has become a slave
voluntarily, for the sake of sustemance at a Season of famine.
incorrectly, AINAN, A. (७५e) Traffic in partnership,
in Mohammedan law.
ANAkAN, Mal. (७०००००6(ct) A low or inferior person.
ANANDA, Karn., &c. (S. स्रानन्द:, felicity) The 48th year of
the cycle of sixty years which will fall in the year I8छ4.
ANANTA, S. &c. (अनन्त:) Without end, eternal. A cord with
fourteen knots in it, which the Hindus tie round the arm at
the festival of -4manta-chaturda81.
4manta-chaturdast, S. The fourteenth of Bhaidra (August,
September), when a festival is held in honour of ' the
eternal ’ Wishiu.
ANANTARAwAN, less correctly, ANANDRAwAN, Mal. (Gooo
CO(oo-lrrt), from S. अनन्तरं, without an interval) An
heir, the heir apparent or next of kin, the heir of the acting
head of the family.
 AN AN

Anantaracan-natu-hdnam, Anandracannadu, &c. (from Anchand-ddr or-ddrudu,Tel. An officer employed to survey

Cos, middle, and ces26*००, fee), the standing crops and estimate their probable value ; an
Anantarasthdnam, Mal. (Cron0CO०, S. स्यानं, place) Suc estimator, an appraiser.
cession, right of inheritance. Anchand-jaibit6, Tel. (ं `श्99`) Estimateof cach Ryot's
ANANwAsRITA, (S. (स्रन्। not, anya अन्य, another, and disrita share of the value of the crop. An account of the
चाश्रित, dependent) Independent, not supported by or estimated crop kept by the willage accountant.
dependent on another. In Hindu law, unencumbered ANDAl, Tam. (g|,०र्रा००-) Master of a family, owner of
property. slaves.

ANAsANA, S. (सन् negः, अशनं, eating) Fasting. In law, ANDApt, Mal. (Go6`sps)) A shop, a market-place, a
fasting of a creditor or of a Brahman employed by him baZaar.

to enforce payment of a debt, the debtor incurring the Andddicapibham, Mal. (Grosrspsीo-l26rr)००) Mer

guilt of Brahmanicide if the person should die ofinanition. chandise, goods, wares, articles for sale.
ANATHA, S. (अ neg. and नाय:, a master) Hawing no pro ANDANA, Mar. (स्रान्दन) Presents made by the bride's father
tector or owner. An orphan. to the bridegroom after the celebration of the marriage.
Andithā-hanjar, S. and H. Waste, or rather unclaimed land. ANDARU (?). A Mobed, or officiating priest of the Parsis.
Uncultivated land without an owner. See Amddi-banjar. ANDAZ, H. (P. ;loil) Estimate, valuation, guess.
ANAwANTU POLAM, Tel. Land of which the ownership is Andds-patti, Mar. Estimate of the value of a growing
disputed. crop.

ANAv RUsHTI, Karn. Tel. (S. an अन् neg. and dicrishti स्रावृष्टि:, AND'HA-DARPARU, Karn. (e०G०० ँश्99, from S. andha
rain) Drought ; want of rain. अन्ध, blind, and P. darbar J५)e , a court) A public
ANAyA, (S. आानय:) The ceremony of tying on the girdle of office notoriously ill conducted, a bad government.
Munja grass preparatory to investiture with the sacrificial ANDHi, ANDHEE, H. (.*s" from S. अन्ध, blind, dark)
string. The rite of investiture. A hurricane, a tempest ; a darkening of the day.
ANAwAN, Mal. (CSOCopo2)rrt) A cowherd, a shepherd. ANDHRA, or, ANDHRA, S. (आन्ध्र:, आन्ध्र:) The country now
ANBHANTA, UNBHUNTA, (?) Undivided, applied to lands. known as Telingana. Andhra more properly denotes a
Garhrcal. native of that country, also a caste of Brahmans in Mysore,
ANcHA, ANCHU, Tel. (GCं), ANCHE, Karn. (escaं) or a Brahman of Telingana, who is known by the name
ANCHAL, Mal. (७०6º-J(ob) Tam. (96प्;e60) Public of Andhra Brahman in most parts of India, The name
conveyance, post, posting, a post-stage, a relay of was known to the ancients, and Pliny speaks of the Rex
palankin bearers or post-runpers. Andrarum as a powerful Indian prince.
Anchalpara, Mal. (७०62-J(cto-५(o) A post-office. ANpl, Tam. (g',०र्येण19-) Karn. (G००) A religious men
Anche-kacheri, Karn. (esca 6ंo) The post-office. dicant of the Saiva sect in the South.
Anch6-man6ं, Karn. (e० ँऽ39जै९) A station for ANDr, Karn. (e००) Bail, bond, security.
post
runner8. ANpA, Mal. (GO6os,) ANI)U, Tam. (g,०र्राG) A year.
ANCHANA, UNCHUNA, or, ANTSANA, UNTSUNA, corruptly, ANE, Karn.(eं)ANAI,Tam. (g|,&ष्ठा) An oath, an adjuration,
ANCH INA, ANCHINNA, ANCHUMNA, ANCHUMMA, Tel. a protestation, a citation on the part of Government ; also
(Cº०-2त्यं, from S. dnsama अंशनं, dividing, apportion Karn. Andhashe, or Ancbase (from S. blidshd, speech).

ing) An estimate or appraisement of the probable amount
and value of the crops on a field; salt in a pile ; hay in
a stack, and the like. Grant derives it from two Persian
adverbs, din, there is, chandn, so much ! App. v. Rep. 042.
Niluru-anchand, Tel. (*७e9ंl) Estimate of the produce
of a field before the crop is cut.
ANE, Karn. (eर्र्) An elephant (differing from the pre
ceding in the ' n,’ which, in the first word, is the cerebral,
in the second, the dental letter),
ANE, corruptly, ANI, and ANAw, Karn. (et), ANAI, Tam.
(०|&ठा), ANA, Mal. (७००००) A dam, a dyke, a bank,
a bridge. Kallam6ं, Karn. ($ं,ं) A dam or embank

JKuppa-anchand, Tel. ($CंN) Estimate ofthe produce ofa ment of stone.

field after the crop is gathered, but before it is measured. ANEKATTU, ANEKATTE, corruptly, ANICUT, Karn. (eं)
25 H
 AN AN

A dam, a dyke, an embankment, a channel to direct from the threshing-floor distributed to the Brahman.
water into different streams for purposes of irrigation. । Purohit, Guru, graZier, and god of the willage.
Anaihal, Tam. (9धॐठाकैट्ErT6b) An embankment of stone. | ANGAURIA, H. (५);Gl) A ploughman. In some places, as
Allamai, Tam. (9ध606oॐठT) A dam or bridge of stone. Benares, the practice of allowing the use of the plough
ANERAGoTRA, S. (स्रनेकगोच) One who is a member of as part of the wages of labour.
more than one Gotra or family. ANGDENA, (?) A tax formerly lewied by the Portuguese at Bom
ANEvAR, Hindi (स्रानेयार) The time of agricultural labour bay on fishermen and their boats, and on other occupations.
in the hot weather, from Sunrise till noon. ANGIRAsA, S. &c. (साङ्गिरसं) The sixth year of the cycle. A
ANG, H. (e_ं,ि from S. सङ्ग, a particle of assent) Demand Gotra or family of Brahmansः both are derived from the
on each head of cattle for right of pasture by the pro name of the ancient Rishi or Sage ANGIRAS.
prietor of the ground. Mode of computing a tax on cattle ANGJHAP, Thug. (from H. or S. Ang, body, and H. chhi
in Harifina, two bullocks making one Ang. pdna, to hide) Temporary burial of their wictims until
ANGA, UNGU, S. (स्रङ्गः:) The body, or a part of it; a limb, | a convenient opportunity of eflectually concealing them is
a member. Whence, figuratively, a branch of literature, found (used in the Dekhin).
a supplemental portion of the Wedas, &c. ANGLis, (corruption of ' English ) An invalided soldier, or
Anganyasa, S. Touching diferent parts of the body as lands granted to him under Ben. Reg. xliii. l793; i. I804.
a religious exercise. ANGULA, vernacularly, ANGUL, S. &c. (from अंगुलि', a finger)
Angaprdyaschitta, S. Expiation of personal impurity, A linear measure ; eight barleycorns make an Angula,
especially the expiatory offering made by the next of kin and twelve Angulas a span ; a finger’s breadth.
of a person recently deceased, at the first Srāddha after ANGULI-TORANA, S. (from anguli, a finger, and torama, an
his death. ornamental archway) Three semicircular lines drawn
ANGA, or ANGARKHA, H. (UGl, ५%ंl) A long tunic, a coat across the forehead, made with sandal or ashes of burnt
worn both by Hindus and Mohammedans: the former tie | cow-dung, denoting a worshipper of Siva ; more commonly
it on the left, the latter on the right breast. termed Tripundra.
ANoA, UNoU, Tel. (e०*) A stride or pace of about three ANGwARA, H. (from S. अङ्ग, a limb, a part) The proprietor
feet. of a Small share of a village in the Benares district, where
Angakala, Tel. (e०xs’०) Measurement by paces. it also implies mutual help in tillage.
ANGApI, Karn. ( e9०x८०), ANGApl, Tam. (9थTEuerTu)-) A ANGwATA, Mar. (चर्सगवाटा) The share of the actual cultivator
stall or shop in a market where provisions are sold. in the produce of a field divided between him and the
A betel stall. A tax on shops or stalls, a village in landlord and the owner of the bullocks for ploughing.
which there is a market. ANHAR, Thug- Any metallic utensil for eating, drinking,
Angadihair or gdr, &c. Karn. (e9०X८७ठ०ॐ) A shopkeeper. or cooking.
Angadikdram, Tam. (surEurTip-फैerTDrॐा ) A vender of ANI, Karn. (es) The comb or reed of a loom, or a
provisions. weaver’s lam, or the threads of the woof wound in the
Angadi-pasike, or pasije, Karn. (:) ऽउं, *9397) A fac form of the figure 8.
or cess upon booths or stalls. ANI, Tam. (ं,ोष्ठी) The month of Jume.

4ngddi-patti,or pattadai, Tam.(-LL9-, - ---co०-)A tax ANITwA-DATTA, S. (अनित्य, not for ever, and दन्त, given)
upon moveable shops or stalls. _
ANGADiA, or ANGARivA, GuZ. (२५u*२॥५t२५u) A person em
ployed in the West of India to carry money and jewels,
which he conceals in his garments.
ANGAN, H. (७G| , from S. अङ्गण:) A court-yard, an in
closed area within or without the house ; also pronounced
4ndna.
ANGAUNGA, ANGoUNGA, H. (७ 2Gl) Perguisites of grain ।
20
Temporarily given, as a son adopted for a term ; also
4nitya dattaka, and Anitya dattrima.
ANIWA-UTTA, or UTTHA, Mal. (?) Daily meals given to Brah
| mans at the temples in Malabar.
। ANryAM, Tam. (ं,ोष्ठीu-Ita) A day.
ANIv UKTA, S. (अ meg. and नियुक्तः, appointed) Not duly
। appointed, In Hindu law, a Brahman who attends a
court without having been appointed a member of it.
|
 AN
ANJAL. UNJUL, or ANJALI, UNJULEE, H. (Usl, ८s'ल',
from S. खञ्जलि:, the two hands placed together and darried
to the forehead as a reverential mode of salutation) A
respectful mode of salutation. As much grain as can
be held by the two hands put together. A handful of
corn given from the threshing-floor ; the same as Am
gaunga, ५. w.
ANJAL, Tel. (corruption of ANCHAL, ५. w) The post, the mail.
ANJAMAN, UNJUM UN, (P. ७**") An assembly. Among
the Parsis, a constituted council or assembly to which all
questions regarding their peculiar customs are referred. | ANKURA, Thug. A thousand ; the word in S. (अङ्गुर:) sig
ANJAN, UNJUN, H. (Jºsl) A grass which grows in the | nifies a shoot, a sprout, a bud or blossom ; also, some
North-West Provinces abundantly, and is used as fodder.
Commonly, the word (from the S. अञ्जनं) denotes a col
lyrium, or any application, whether Solid or fluid, to the
eyes, to give them strength and brilliancy.
ANJANA, UNJANA, H. (Us) An inferior sort of rice.
ANJ E, Karn. (e9० ं) Clean or dressed cotton ready for
spinning.
ANK, or ANK, corruptly, AUK, H. &c. (c4-9Gl, from the S.
anka चर्षक, a mark, a cypher) A mark, a number, an
arithmetical figure, a share. Figures on coins, &c.,
shewing the date ofa Raja's accession. In Karnatta, Anka
or Anke is also applied in compounds to the tables or
statements of relative measures ; as, JKhandugadanke, dry
measure ; Warahdda-anke, money accounts ; Mamuoisa
anke, troy and avoirdupois measure, &c. In Cuttack, ।
।
an era commencing with the accession of each Raja,
|
and, counting by the year of his Rāj, all deeds com ANOLA, commonly pronounced 40fild, H. (};), from the S.
mence with the year of the Amk in which they were
executed.
Ankana, S. (चर्नैकन) Marking, making a number or cypher,
especially branding or cauterising the limbs with the
symbols or names of a divinity.
4nk-bandi or bundee H. (P. .sA५, binding) An adjust ANS, or ANSA, pronounced ANGSHA, or UNGSHU, also writ
ment of the rents to be paid by the individual collector ten AMSHA, H. &c. (U~～', from the S. अंश:) A part, a
through the person held liable for the realisation of the
Government demand.
Ank-dar, corruptly, Aukdar, (P. 9'e , who has) The holder
of a share in village lands, The person who is responsible
for a portion of the revenue.
-fnk-kar, H. (S. )४, who makes) An assayer, a stamper, a
money changer.
AskAsr, Mal. (S. ७०co०) In Malabar, A duel, a single
combat : these were formerly freduent among the Nairs,
27
AN
and were a source of revenue to the Raja, each combatant
paying for the privilege of fighting. The combat was
sometimes fought by hired champions.
ANKHEN-wALA, H. (from *ं, from S. अषघि, the eye) A
term used in Mysore to denote a class of police employed
by Hyder Ali ; a spy, an inspector.
ANKHAU, H. ७५%, from S. स्रघि, the eye) Valuation by
the eye ofgrowing crops.
ANKARo, Gu2. (२tt“ASt ), A bill an account. Discount.
See Ant.
times, ' water.’ _
Ankardrpama, S. (स्रपॆण) Offering of water, a preliminary
offering of water at the beginning of a ceremony.
ANNA, S. (अत्रं) Food, boiled rice.
Anna-kata g/ditrd, S. (The festival (yditra) of the mountain
|
(kaita) of boiled rice). A festival of the Hindus in the
month of November, when they make a pile of rice as a
type of the hill Gocarddhana in Wraj, near Mathurā,
observed especially by cowherds.
4nna-prd8ama, vernacularly, 4nnprdsan, S. &c. (अन्नप्राशनं)
Putting a little food into the mouth of an infant between
five and eight months old, accompanied with a religious
ceremony.
4nna-्/arahara, S. (व्यवहार, law) Law or custom relating
to food, that is, to the practice ofeating together or not, as
followed by different castes.
"
।
स्रमल:) The myrobalan tree, which is worshipped by agri
culturists in the West of India on the llth of Phalgun
(Feb., March) : libations are poured at the root of the
tree, a yellow or red thread is tied round the trunk, and
prayers and songs are recited in honour of the plant.
share, a portion.
Ansansa, S. (संशांशा) A subdivision, a share of a share.
Anansa, S. (अनंशा) Having no share; exeluded from a share,
as of inheritance, on account of some physical or legal defect.
Ansapatra, S. (अंशपच) A deed setting forth the shares or
portions of a property. A deed of partition between the
members of a Hindu family.
Ansahara, S. (अंशहणं) A co-parcener, a co-heir ; one who
takes a share of an estate or property
 AN
Ansirdinsa, H. (*~'x.j)) A measure of land in Hindustan,
twenty of which are egual to one Pilwinsa.
ANSARI, H. (A. .39-2il) A tribe of Sheikhs in the North
west Provinces who pretend to be descended from the
original -4nsdr, or auxiliaries of Mohammed, who adopted
his faith at Medina. They appear to have come into
India from Herat at the time of FiroZ Shah.
ANSU-ToRE, Thug. (from the H. *“I dmsu, a tear) Any
shower of rain that falls before the usual rainy season :
it is regarded as of evil omen, and if it occur during the
first day or night of an expedition the party must return ।
and start again.
ANT, Gu2. (*tt2) Credit, transfer. In . GuZerat it
implies a fictitious currency or book-credit, in which
bills of exehange and dealings in articles of trade
may be paid at the option of the holder, varying ac
cording to the exchange of the day and the value of
the coin in which the amount is computed. The diffe
rence on cashing a bill in Ant is termed Ankara, discount.
ANTAH-PATA, Mar. (S. अन्तर्, between, and पट, a cloth) A
screen of silk or cloth held up between the bride and
bridegroom, or between the student who is to receive the
Sacred cord and the spiritual teacher, until the proper
moment arrives for the parties to see each other.
ANTAH-PURA, S. (अन्त:, inner, and पुरं, city) The inner
or female apartments.
ANTARBED, UNTURBED, H. (A.५,ं), from S. सन्तर्, between,
and वेदि, an altar, or ground raised to serve for one) The
old name of the lower portion of the Doab, from Etawa
to Allahabad : it was sometimes applied to the Doab
throughout.
ANTARAPAR or -PARA, UNTURPUR or -PURU, B. (S. अन्तग्',
an interval, and पर, after) Applied, in the Upper Pro
vinces of Bengal, to lands allowed to lie fallow for one
year.-E. I. Records, iii. 178.
ANTASSTHA, less correctly, ANTASTA, or ANTASTH I, Mar.
(S. अन्त:स्य:, what is or stays within, secret, hidden)
Secret expenditure. Sums expended in presents or bribes
to official persons. An item in the Darbar kharch, or
Court-charges of the Peshwa.
Antasstha-ki-्/ddi, Mar. (P. c५. memory) Account of
secret service expenditure.
ANTEvAsi, very corruptly, ANTwBASHy, and ANTwAsi, H.
(S. अन्तेवासिन्) A disciple, a pupil residing with his
teacher.
28
AN
ANTU, UNToo, Tel. Karn. (e०ॐO) Total amount, aggre 1।।
gate (from the S. amta, end, final sum).
ANTwEsHTI, S. (अन्येष्टि) The final sacrifice or funeral obseguies.
ANUA, or AN wA, H. (l;) The place where the men stand who
throw up water from a lower to a higher level. See Dauri.
ANUBHAvAM, Mal. (Go6Co(Bo-l०, from S. अनु, after, ac
cording to, and भव, being) Enjoyment : a grant of
hereditary land in Malabar, either rent-free or at a pepper
corn-rent, in reward of service ; also a present of betel,
or a cocoa-nut, from the proprietor at the time of
executing a deed of transfer of a garden or plantation to
the person to whom the transfer is made, as symbolical of
the character of the land made ower ; also Amabhogam.
ANUBHooAyr, Mal. (७०6००639०००, S अनुभोगं) Enjoy
ment ; usufruct ; a grant of land, &c. ; the same as
4mubhacam, as above.
ANUGAMAN, UNOOGUMUN, H. (७*', from the S.अनु, after,
and गमनं, going) The burning of a widow after hearing
of the death of an absent husband ; also Anu-maranam,
Subseduently-dying.
ANUKSHETRA, corrupted vernacularly to ANUCHHATR, or
ANOOCHUTTREE, or ANNAKSHATTRA, or, in Uriya, to
ANRACHUTTUR, S. (Ana अनु, according to, kshetra छेच,
a sacred shrine or place of pilgrimage) A charitable
allowance made to the native servants of certain temples
in Orissa, by the Marathas, and continued by the British।
Government. Ben. Reg. xii. I8lā, sec. 80.
ANULoMAJA, S. (from अनु, according to, lona, लोम, the
hair of the body, and.ja ज:, born, born mcith the hair or
grain, i. e. in due order) The offSpring of two persons of
diferent classes, of whom the father is of the superior
class in the regular Succession, as of a Brahman father
and Kshatriya mother. If the woman were of the Brah
man and the man of the Kshitriya class, the order is
inverted, and the progeny is termed Pratilomotja, born
against the hair.
ANUPATAK, or ANoOPATUK, H. (S. अनुपातकं) A heinous
offence short of a capital crime.
ANUMATIPATRA, S. (from anumati, अनुमति, assent, and
patra पच, a leaf) A deed expressive of assent or con
currence ; especially a deed executed by a husband about
to die, authorising his widow to adopt a son.
ANUPtfRvAJA, S. (अनु, after, पूर्व्वे, before,.ja, born) Off
spring born of parents in the regular Seguence of the
castes, See Anulomaja.
 AN
ANwADHEwA, or -DHEvr KA, S. (वनु, after, स्राधेय, to be
received) A class of woman's property (in law); what
has been given to her by her husband or relations after
marriage.
ANwAHARwA-8RADDHA, S. (अन्वाहार्ययैश्राद्धं) Funeral obseguies
in honour of deceased ancestors performed monthly on the
day of new moon.
ANwAHITA, S.(अन्वाहितं), also ANwADHI, S. (from अनु, after,
and चाधि, a pledge) A pledge or deposit placed with a
third party.
AswAN, Mar. (अविण) The first field of rice, that in which
the plants have grown from seed.
4nrcanं, Mar. (स्रांवगू) Transplanted, as rice plants, from
the first field.
ANwASHTAKA,S.(अन्वष्टका) Funeral obseguies performedon the
ninth day of the months Paush, Māh, Phdlijun,and Asmoin.
ANwAGOTRA, S. (from anya अन्य, other, and Gotra गोच ,
family) Of a different lineage.
ANwA KUDI, Tam. (9ICOTCofीLLiGe)t१-, from S. anya, other,
and kudi, house ; corruptly, ANicooDw, Gl. pth Rep.)
A cultivator or other person who is an imhabitant of a
different willage from that in which he labours or trades.
AN wAPURvA, S. (अन्य and पूर्घे, before) A woman who has
been previously married.
ANwAwAM, S., but used in the dialects (स्र neg., न्याय, judicial
inguiry) Injustice. A complaint of injustice, ; a plaint
in a civil suit.
Ao DI, or AOODI, H. (.se)) A tribe of Jats in the divisions
of Soneput and Paniput.
AoDrwA, H. (probably for Ayodhia, or native of 4्/odh or
Oude) A thief of a tribe of thieves inhabiting villages
in the Cawmpore and Fattehpur districts. They make
remote excursions at particular Seasons, in different dis
guises, and sometimes plunder on a large scale.
AoGAHI, H. ( JPS)) Collection of rent or rewenue from a
village.
AokAN, H. (J४,l) Straw and grain heaped up (Benares).
AOKHAL, AOKHUL, H. (U५%) ILand reclaimed from waste
and brought under cultivation.
AoLANIA, H. (Aं}}l) A tribe of Jats residing in the Paniput
district. Although Hindus, they claim the appellation of
-Malik or King conferred upon them, they affirm, by some
ancient prince, to denote their sovereignty over other Jait
tribes.
AoLI, AoLEE, H. (.}") Mode of estimating the produce of
29
AN
a larger extent of land by the ascertained produce of a
smaller guantity.
AoNT, H. (?) Accommodation bills (the term is used in Central
India, and is probably the Ant of Gugerat, ५. W.
AoRI, or AwARI, H. (.9l) Bank of a pond or rivulet to
the water’s edge ; a piece of dry land left uncultivated.
AOSAT, or AosUT, H. (no doubt a corruption for 4fsat, ५. w.)
An average.
APA, or APA, Mar. (स्रपा, खापा) Aterm of respectful address
to a senior ; also of affection to a son or junior. It is
often affixed to a proper name ; as, Gooind-pamt-dpd.
See also APPA.
APAPATRITA, also APAwATRITA, S. (चपपाचित:, or चपया
चित:) One who has lost caste, and with whom his kindred
will not eat and drink ः he is thereby incapacitated from
inheritance (from Apa, particle implying severance, off,
from, and patra, a dish, or ?/ditrd, intercourse),
APARADHA, APARADHI, Karn. APARADHAMU, Tel. Itoccurs
in most dialects (S. चषपराधं) Fault, offence. The punish
ment of offence, fine, penalty. This latter meaning is
peculiar to the South of India.
Aparddha kshame, Karn. (from S. घविमा) Pardoning an
offence, remitting a fine.
APARALU, Tel. (e939CPeo) All kinds of pulse or grain in
pods, also APARAJINSULU.
APAwIDDHA PUTRA, S. (क्षपविड, rejected, and पुच, a son)
A son deserted by his parents and adopted by strangers.
One of the kinds of affiliation formerly permitted by the
Hindu law.
APHARIA, H. (५/५)) A subdivision of the Ahfr or cowherd
tribe..
APiL, Beng. (क्षिांश्रिन) The English word Appeal. So
also 4pilant, (उक्षांश्रिनi५) Appellant.
APPA, UPPU, Tel. Karn. (eंS) A father, a term com
monly added to proper names as a mark of respect ; as,
Jtanga-appa, or Itanjappa. The word in Mar. is APA,
or APA, ५. v. ः it also occurs in Tel. as APPAwA, and in
Tamil, APPAS. In Tuluva, APPA, means mother.
APPANAM, UPPANUM, Tel. (e9ंSॐ००) Tax, tribute.
Rent revenue. Rack-rent. Any taxed lands, especially
lands highly assessed, which are reguired to be held by
cultivators who, as an eguivalent, hold other lands on
favourable terms, or rent-free. Usufruct.
APPASAM, Tel. (In the northern Circars) A cut or channel for
water.
 AP
APRATIBANDHA, S. (स्र neg., and प्रतिषन्ध:, obstruction) Un
disputed inheritance.
APTA-PUNJAN, Mar. (आाप्नंजण, from S. kipta, fit, and punja,
a heap) Presents madं at the Dasahara festival to the
Patel or head of a willage.
APTA-KANAKKU, Tam. (9ltºgrrळैe०ठणडॆgy) A weekly
account (from P. Haftal).
APri, Mar. (स्राप्नी, from S. apat, calamity) Distress from
failure of the harvest, from either excess or deficiency of
rain. _
APUTRA, S. (अ meg., and पुच, a son) A man who has no
Son, who has newer had, or who has lost an only Son,
and may therefore adopt one.
AR, H. (G,ि the final being the hard d or r) Stop, hindrance,
whence, fig., a mound or bank forming the boundary of a
field ; a well : also an abbreviation of Ardra, the bank
of a river. In composition it denotes also inferiority or
dewiation, being the same,'essentially, as the Maratha
particle Ad, or Ad (अड, स्राड), g. v.
4r-gir, H. A strip of sward encompassing a field.
AE, H. (;)ि A ladle used in the sugar factories (Oudh) : it
more usually signifies a Sharp spike, a goad.
ARA, H. (;)ि A saw, a large saw, a shoemaker’s knife. Afti,
A_ (.४;l) a small saw.
ARA, Mal. (GO०) A river.
4rrukal, Mal. (७C)००८6-9(ct) A channel from a river.
ARA, (?) A ford or ferry. Gl. छth Rep.
ARA, (with a soft r) Total, aggregate.
ARABA, H. (P. &al)) A cart.
ARAD, H. (e))ि Flour-meal.
ARADHWA, S. (आाराध्य:, venerable) In the South of India the
term is applied especially to a Brahman who professes
the Jangama worship of Siwa, but is not acknowleged
by other members of the sect, from his retaining the dis
tinction of caste. Among the Marathas, a tutelary divinity.
ARAGU, Karm., ARAKKU, Tel. (eं०, from the S. laksha,
लघच) The resin of the nest of the Lac insect; Shel-lac.
ARAk, URUK, H. (A. GA) Spirit, juice, essence.
ARAkU, or ARUKi, Tam. (9थDrफैट्ट, 9(ग्;र्कै८ी) A fer
mented liguor from the juice of the palm : Tairi, or
4rrack, which is probably derived from the Tamil, which
again maay be a dialectical modification of the Arabic
ARAK, as above.
ARAkA, Tel. (eds) A plough, with oxen and implements
of husbandry complete.
:B()
AR.
Arahala.jabital, Tel. Per, An account shewing the number
of ploughs belonging to each Ryot (northern Circars).
Arakattaraka, Tel. A plough with a pair of bullocks.
ARARAL-PALISHA, Mal. (from ara, half kdl, Guarter, and
palisha,interest) Interest at Iद्वै per cenp or one-eighth of
the highestlegal rate in Malabar, or 10 per cent. per annum
ARAI.E, Karn. (eॐॐ) Cotton.
ARALU, Karn. (CCo४०) Half a day's labour.
Aralakali, Karn. (G००%9Coव्)9) Half a day's hire.
ARAyrAisHr PARAyrAisHI, Karn. (esंOGo०9ण`3x, ॐ*
`ग्ट०xणंx, dialective derivatives from the P. aram and
.firmdn) Gratuitous assistance given by the Government
to a respectable person in the cultivation of rent-free lands.
-Mysore. .
ARAMANE, Karn. (e963bर्र) A royal palace. Government.
4ramame sambala, Karn. Dependant upon Government,
in Government pay.
4ramaneyacaru, Karn. (e963xॐ०ऽ७:ं७) The officers of
Government, or the Government collectively.
ARAMBA, Or ARAMBHA, ARUMBU, ARUMBHU, Karn.
(e96oं, e96० ँ, S. चारम्भ: , beginning, undertaking)
Agriculture, farming, cultivating land.
JKad-4ramba, Karn. (C०८ठव्ठॐ०ॐ) IDry cultivation.
AWir-4ramba, Karn. (२९००ॐ०ॐ) Wet cultivation.
4ramba-gdr, Karn. (esॐ० ँ7त्ळॐ, from S. kdra कायः,
who makes) A farmer, a cultivator.
4rambada-sdmana, Karn. (eॐ०ॐंत्ग्व्)०xग्छं9) Im
plements of husbandry.
4ramcathd, Mar. (चारंवठा) A rice field after clearing,
ready for the next year’s crop.
ARA, or ARAI-NIR, Tam. (9&०णं) Water for irriga
tion which may be drawn freely from the public reservoir
during a certain period of the year.
ARA-PALISHA, Mal. Half interest, or छ per cent in Malabar ;
also interest that absorbs half the rent of mortgaged lands.
ARAPA!.H, Tam. (?) A crop entirely blighted and withered
before the time of reaping.
ARAR, URAR, or ApA), U!)Ap, H. (Glyl , or अडाड) Outhouses
for cattle. Harvest floor for the blossoms of the Māhwa.
ARARA, or ApApA, URAi:U, or UpApU, H. (G} , अडाड) The
steep bank of a pond or river.
A:Api, or ApApt, or UBAREE, or UpA)EE, H. (.3), or
अडाडी) The old established measure of a field to which
the occupant appeals, in preference to actual measure
Iment.
 AR.
ARASvA, S. (स्त्रारण्य) A forest.
4ragya-sabha, S. A court for a community of hermits ;
a forest-court.
Araaya-shashthi, S. A Hindu festival on the 6th (shashthi)
of Jyeshth (May, June), observed by women in the hope
of obtaining handsome children : part of the ceremonial
is walking in a wood.
ARASA, or ARASU, URUSU, URUSOO, corruptly URSOO, Karn.
(eॐo), ARACHAN, Mal. (Gooa-l(ob). ARASU, or
ARAsAN, Tam. (9थDre, 9IDrec्रा , from S. Raj4, or, as
pronounced sometimes in the Southern dialects, .R4tsu)
A king, a ruler; so, ARAsi, or ARASATI, Karn., A ५ueen ;
also, governing, ruling ; als0, privileges allowed for watch
ing
Arasaharan, Tam. (9IDre GearTDrॐT) A person holding
certain privileges for performing police duty.
ARAsU, Tam. The Pipal, or Sacred fig-tree.
Arasaini, or Arasdmi-stambha, Tam. A branch of the
Pipal tree placed in the middle, under the canopy erected
for a marriage, as a type of Wishnu, round which all
the parties walk, worshipping and performing ceremonies.
ARAsINAGE-INAyr, Karn. (from Karn. Arasina, turmeric, and
A. Indim, grant of land) IAand granted in dower, or as
pin-money ; literall/, for turmeric, which enters largely
into the materials of a Hindu lady's toilet in the South
of India, being applied to stain her forehead, finger-nails,
soles of her feet, &c.
ARATI, or ARTi, H. ( -*), चारती, occurring in most dialects,
from the S. अाराचिकं, nocturnal ceremony) Waving lights
circularly in front of an idol or object of worship, part of
the usual evening ceremonial. Im the South of India it is
performed in honour of individuals at marriages and
festivals.
ARArrUKl, Tam. (9ंयुD' ँaकैeºl, A Madras phrase) The
pillory, lit. half-hanging.
ARAvA. ARAwI, or ARAwU, Tel. Karn. People and language
of Drāvira, or the country from the North of Madras to
Cape Comorin, along the Coromandel Coast.
ARAvAR, Karn. (edव्यधं) In Canara, a mortgage in which
the mortgagee retains possession of the property, in lieu of
interest, until the debt is paid ; also called Ildracdr and
Tladdracdr, from the S. Ild, the earth.
Acadhā-aracdr, Karn. (from S. acadhi, limit) Usufruct,
as before, with a stipulation that the mortgagee shall not
be dispossessed before a given term.
8l
AR.
ARA-wARI, Tam. (from 9|०००Dr arai, half) Half revenue,
applied to a village or lands assessed at half the usual rate.
ARA८, URAZEE, H. (A. from the plur. of U93,e, or Ce)*.
lands) Applied especially to detached portions of land
which are either rent-free or have been recovered from the
retrocession of rivers.
ARBAB, H. (A. ५--*५9', plur of५--9) Masters, lords, possessors.
4rbab-al-mail, H. Officers of the treasury. Extra allow
ance to the officers of account.-Gl. āth Rep.
4rbdb-ā-shara, H. A. ( &AG) Law officers.
ARDAL, Thug. A person who has separated from his party,
and has, in conseguence, escaped the fate of his companions.
ARDAwA, H. (9le)l) Ground meal, coarse flour ; ground
pulse. The term more commonly denotes a mixture of
the meal of chick-pea and barley, which is given to the
horses of Europeans, or barley parched and ground, and
similarly employed.
ARDDHA, S. &c. (सडॆ, a moiety) Half or a part in general.
Arddha-khil, Ben. (अििथन) Land only partially in cul
tivation (from S. arddha, part, and khil, B. fallow land).
-1?’dhal, or Ardhola, Mar. (from S. स्रडॆ, half) A halfshare,
either of the produce of land or profits of trade.
Ardheli, or Ardheliya, Mar. (S. स्रडॆ, a half) In the
Konkan, a temporary cultivator, one who undertakes the
cultivation of the land for a share, generally a half of
the produce.
4rdda-mdniyam, Tam. (9त्रै'ंठंठLorrechu-ta) Land partly
or halfrent-free, being assessed at half the usual rate ; also
a grant of the Government share of the rent to one who
does not enjoy the share of the hereditary proprietor.
" Arddha-siri, Beng. (from *ीन', ploughing) Cultivating the
land on condition of receiving half the crop.
Arddhdi/a, Karn. (e9Goहं99) An incomplete heap of
cOrn.
A?’tole, or Arthole, Karn. (७ठै०ह-ऽं) A weight of half
a rupee.
ARiं, Karn. The Karnataka name of a Maratha.
ARPA, A. ( ं,e) The eve of a festival on which Preliminary
religious rites are practised, especially on the days pre
ceding the two great Mohammedan festivals, the Shab--
IBardit, and the /Bakr-{d.
ARGH, ARGHA, or ARGHWA, H. (A9l, from the S. अधै:) A
respectful offering, chiefly of fruit and flowers, or water,
or milk and honey, to an idol, a Brahman, any wenerabie
person, or a bridegroom at the marriage ceremony. A
 AR. AR.

libation of water between the threshold and the spot where allows others to have the use, under certain stipulations
the first bundle of corn is deposited after it is brought -Mohammedan Law.

home from the threshing-floor; or, the ceremony of placing ARivAr, H. (स्ररीयह्) Land recently recovered from jungle.
on the threshold, at seed time, cowdung, dried and formed ARJANNA, H. A tribe of Kunbis, or cultivators, in Western
into a cup, filling it with seed, and pouring water upon India.

it : both these ceremonies are intended to secure prosperity. ARJA, H. (S. स्राय्यैीा, fem of चाय्यै, respectable, venerable) A
4rºjha, or Arghya, also signifies the boat-shaped earthen female mendicant, so termed in central Hindustan.
or metallic vessel in which the offering or libation is ARJU, or ARDZU, URDZoo, or URJOO, Tel. (eं, cOr

presented. ruption of P. ;j)) Price, value.

ARHAR, Hindi, &c. (अरहणं, S. आाढकी) A kind of pulse very Arju-bdj4ri dhdrd, Tel. Price-current, or market price.
generally cultivated throughout India (Cytisus cajan). ARJU, URJOO, Tel. (eं, corruption of A. c*ः breadth)

A:HAT, URHUT, or ARHUT, H. (अड्हत्,अढत्, स्राढत्) Agency, The measurement of a heap of grain from the bottom to
brokerage, commission. the top, as opposed to Tula, a measurement of the cir
Afhatiya, H. An agent, a broker, a correspondent. See cumference.

4rthiya. ARoLA, Hindi (चारोल) Asweet grass growing in short tufts,

ARHAT, URHUT, H. (cº-9') A revolving wheel for raising the seeds of which, when ripe, are often used as food by
water when the water is near the surface, or from a river ; the poorer classes.
also Italiat, and Rahat. AROLAT, (?) In the Dekhin, land held at a guit-rent by
ARH wAL, H. (J;ध्;) A day labourer.-Benares. the Mehr, who acts as the willage watchman and messenger,
ARI, Tam. (9JDT), S. हरि and हरितः, green) A bunch or in compensation of his Services.
bundle, a bundle of corn, a cornstack, a heap of grain ARoPANAM, Mal. (S. ७96)(opa-l6*००) An accusation, a
before the straw is separated from it, a handful ; also false charge.
raw rice. ARRU, URROO, Tel. (eं9) Sore on a bullock's neck, made
4riddla, or Aridardn, Tam. (9IDhgrToo, alpngणrefr) by the yoke of the plough.
Stubble. ARsAL, URSAL, or more correctly, IRSAL, H. (A. J५9)) Send
4ridalaha, or 4riyedupu, Tam. (9थDhंठ5uleg), ०JD्री ing, mission, despatch, especially of treasure or of revenue
Gul-'(BLL) A handful of corn, or as much as can be held collections to the treasury.
by both hands put together, as the perguisite or fee of Ar2-i-Trs4l, H. Invoice. Particulars of the despatch of
certain willage servants. treaSure.

4riddla-billi, Tam. An estimate of the produce of a field ARSATH, URsUTH, H. (ं9l) A monthly account of receipts
from the appearance of the stubble. and disbursements.

4rikattu, Tam. (9JDheBeELO) A sheaf of corn. A:SATrA, or ApsATTA, URsUT'rA, or UpsUTTA, also, cor
ARINA-PArri, or PArriं, Karn. (e०.७ॐं, from dra eं9, ruptly, ARSOTTA, and ATosATTA, possibly also a modifi
a plough) An account of the number of ploughs belonging cation of the preceding, or ARSUTH, H. Mar., but it occurs
to each cultivator in a willage. in other dialects also (U.9l, अडसट्टा) Estimate, guess, a
ARINDI, H. (P. ४.91, lit. a bringer) An agent, a broker. rough calculation ; a monthly treasury account of receipts
ARINr KATTU, Tel. (eटैं) Dams in a salt pan. and disbursements made up from the daily entries.
WiZagapatam. _ 4rsattd macis, H. Per. The clerk or accountant who keeps
ARISH, A. (Uं,e) Damages, fine for injury done to person the monthly account.
or property, particularly for bloodshed not causing loss ARsHA, S. (चाषै:, from चसृषि, an inspired sage) One of the
of life.-Mohammedan Law. modes of marriage according to Hindu law ः the gift
ARISI, Tam. (9JDheºl) Any kind of grain, but especially of a girl, by her father, on receiving one or two pairs of
rice freed from chaff oxen from the bridegroom. Scriptural, any thing for
AftivAT, H. (A. ५-५9'e) Loan of any thing which is itself which a Rishi is an authority.
to be returned. ILand or orchards of which the owner ARTHA, S. (अर्थे:) Object, purpose, meaning, wealth.
32
 _ AR. _ AR

AIRTH f, H. (S. खथैिन्।, one who has an object, &c.) A suppliant,
a plaintiff a prosecutor, a petitioner.
Art//dicedama, S. The complaint of a plaintiff taken ver
bally by the officers of a Court before the filing of the
written plaint recorded by them in writing.
Widydrthi, or Bidydrthं, S. Ben. (from cid/6, knowledge,
and.arth{, who seeks for) A student, a pupil, a school
boy or collegian.
ARTHI, ARTHIvA, URTHEE, URTHIvA, H. (.sट्रै', ५ ंl)
broker, a commissioner, an agent, a Salesman, a com
mercial correspondent, one who conducts business on com
outside of a native house ; also termed a Piāl, a screen
to shade persons of respectability from the sun.
ARULU, or ARLU, Karn. (eं9eo, eeoह) Mud, clay,
or miry soil.
ARUMBU, Tam. (9।। 9ta-I) Searcity, dearth.
ARUPPU, Tam. (9।। 9ltut-l) Cutting, harvest, cutting the
crop, the act of reaping.
Aruppu-chittu, Tam. (9।। gpluJL-वै*Gº--G) An order or
A permission to cut the standing crop.
-Aruppu-hdlam, Tam. (9धgpluJL-फैट्ErT6ota) Season of
harvest.

mission for a principal at a distance ; a banker who 4ruppu-huli, Tam. (Sug)LL-GC)6t)) Wages of reaping.
grants and accepts bills on other bankers or correspondents. । ARUwA, Uriya. (ध६थ।) Rice cleaned from unboiled paddy.
See also Adat, Arhat, Adat/d, and Arhati/a, as spelled ARUwARI, Tam. (9ppl6-Dh) A tax paid at fixed times.
with the hard d ड, or hard ?” #, and with a soft or hard ARt Z, URooZ, A• (cx3}x) In Mohammedan law, Personal
t, तं or ठ, also with or without the aspirate. property, exclusive of money, goods and chattels.
ARU, or ARUKARU, Karn. (eं9, eं9००99) A plough ARvEI.A, Karn.(e*हथ्)) A caste of Smārtha Brahmans
with oxen and implements of husbandry complete. in Mysore.
Ara bhatta, Karn. A tax on grain at So much per plough, ARwADIWA-GHARENIWA, Gu2. In Gu2erat, Lands mortgaged
afterwards commuted to a fixed money rate. by the village authorities for a definite period.
-frugiddaical, Karn. A tax on the Ryots for leave to cut ARwAN, ARwUN, H. (J9)) The first cuttings of the harvest,
timber from the jungle, for the fabric of their ploughs. not taken to the threshing-floor, but brought home to be eaten
4ru-kanike, Karn. A tax on ploughs. by the family and presented to the household gods and to
ARU, Tam. (ं,29)) ARA, Mal. (GOO) A river, a rivulet, a Brahmans. The corn is taken out of the ear amd eaten with
watercourse. See Attukal. milk and sugar : the term is chiefly current in Rohilkhand
ARUDI-KARAI, Tam. (supplंठीफैट्&ुDr, from aruthi, or and theUpper Doab. The more usual and intelligible term is
aradi, fixed or final, and karai, boundary) One of the three Nandn, from the S. mara, new, and anna, rice or
kinds of tenures under which land is held in the Tamil pro food.

vinces ; that in which the distribution is final or absolute, ARwAR, Karn. (?) A kind of mortgage, in Mysore, in which।
that is to say, the occupant holds a defined portion of the land is made over to the lender until the produce
the village lands, of which he has the entire disposal, has discharged the debt.
and may let or sell them : his other rights and privileges, | ARZ, URZ, H. (P. ;)l) Price, value. 4?”2-i-ba2ar, Current
which h* holds in common with the other proprietors, or market rate. -

are transferable along with his share of the land. This
is corrupted to Ard-karr/, and Audi-carei, in the Fifth
Report, and as the Adhikdri, of the more recent returns.
It is also called Pdla-bho//am, ५. v. -Selections from the
Records, i. 004, 905.
Arudi-kraj/a, corruptly, Urdi, or Urdee-krayum, Tam.
(applंठीफै८ी Du-da, S. क्रय, sale) A final or permanent
sale ; sale of a Share held under the Arudi-karai tenure.
Arudi paggu, Tam. (9यg)ंठीL-IIT-&ट)) Final settlement
or allotment. What is given in full of all demands
ABUGU, Tam. (Sugplg)) A raised platform or terrace
cowered ower and forming a veranda or porch on the
88
ARZ, URZ, H. (A. ०9') ILand, earth, landed property.
AR८, URZ, vernacularly ARJ, URJ, ARJI, URJ EE, H. &c. (A.
C3,e, अजः, स्रजे) Petition, representation, In ylpham
medan law, personal property except money. See 4 ru:
*1rgi, Urgee, H. &e. (c-3,e) सञ्जीं, eg) A petition, an
address, a memorial, a respectful statement or representa
tion, whether oral or written.
-1rg-bedi, H. (T. e_ं-५, a lord) An officer who, under the
Mogul Government, was appointed to receive and present
petitions, &c.
Airg-dard, H. (A. .9ee) A petition of complaint, the
plaint, the first pleading in a suit.
K
 AR
4rg-ddsht, H. (P. ५-4alo, what contains) A written peti
tion or memorial.
4rg-i-narammat, H. (from A. marammat, ५--~9-०, repair
ing) A petition to amend or amplify a preceding petition
or complaint.
4rg-i-ndjibdt, H. (from A. mujihdit ५-५५-१०, reasons) A
representation of reasons or pleas, a petition of appeal
setting forth the grounds of it.
Afrg-i-nukarrar, H. (from mukarrar)7-०, established) A
petition or memorial representing the circumstances of a
case, a representation to the royal authority of the pro
ceedings taken in respect of a grant of revenue or a
Zemindari.-Har. Anal. iii. 407.
Afr//chi, Tam. (g|,ंघैTrui Jeeºl, perhaps from A. Arं) An
officer under the magistrates, head of the police, a sheriffः
ARZAL, H. (A. J}9', for J9', plur. of J9a wile) Low castes
located on the estates of Zemindars, in some parts of
Hindustan, as tenants at will, partly paying rent and partly
rendering personal services, considered, in some measure, as
adscripti glebae, and not entitled to remove off the lands
except by the landlord’s pleasure ; dependent also upon him
for support in unfavourable Seasons.
ARZAMINI, or ApZAMINI, H. (from ar, ad, H. M. d', ;',
अड, or षाड, ५. w., implying protection or’screening, and ।
४dmini, A. _*.५3, security) Counter security. Surety ।
for a surety, mutual surety or responsibility.
ARZiZ, URZEEZ, A. (Gaj)l, lit. tin) Base or light money.
AsA, H. (A. ५८e) A staff a stick, a long stick or mace,
usually coated with a thin plate of silver, carried by a
personal attendant as a mark of rank.
484-barddr, H. A staff or mace bearer.
AsAB, A. (५--~e) Incidental or indirect heir.
Residuary
heir (in Mohammedan law),
-fsihat, Asoobut, A. Inheritance in the male line from
incidental contingencies.
ASAD'HARANA, S. (from च, neg., and साधारण, common,
special, individual) In Hindu law applied to property
held by one person without the participation of another,
as opposed to co-heirship or co-parcenary.
ASAGA, Karn. ( e9*C K) The washerman of the willage, one
of the village servants.
AsAGoTRA, S. (from स्र, neg., and सगोच, of kin) In Hindu
law, A kinsman by the female line only, one not of the
same lineage or descent. _ 4sli-mausd, H. An original willage, See the preceding.
AsAL, USUL, corruptly, ASIL, ASOOL, ASSIL, AZIL, AUsIL,
34
AS
AwsII., H., but occurring in all the dialects, sometimes
slightly modified, as Tel. AsULU, and the like (A. 9~l)
Root, origin, foundation. Principal, capital, original
property or estate, also the original of a document. As
a revenue term it is applied especially to the original or
established rate of assessment without any extra cess.
In Mohammedan law, a principle or ground of dpcision.
48al-ber12ं, H. In the Northern Circars and the Carnatic,
the standard or original assessment of the land revenue,
without any extra cess. Also 48al-jam(i.
48al-chittu, Tam. (9G60Gu--G) The original or first
copy of a bond.
48al dastdroes, H. An original document or record, in con
tradistinction to a copy. _
48al-jamd, H. (A. e**- , total) The original rent or revenue
charged upon the lands of an estate, or village, or district,
without any Abn’tib or extra cesses ; also the amount
taken as the basis of a revenue settlement.
48al-mukaddama, H. The original suit, in distinction to
one appealed.
48al-tan, H. (from Pers. tan Jं , a person) A party plead
ing his own cause, the principal party in a suit.
48filatan, H. (A. ५-JL०) In person, personally (appearing or
pleading), in antithesis to IWahdlatam, pleading by a Vakil.
These are both adverbs from the substantives Asdilat and
IWakdlat, with the Arabic syllable an added.
48al-tumar.jumd, H. The original rent-roll of the assessment
of the land revenue in the Mogul provinces according to
the register of Raja TODAR MAL, in the reign of Ak BAR.
Also the same as subseduently modified.
। ASLI, USLEE, or ASALI, USULEE, H. (formed from asal, de
|
nominative) Primary, original,applied to a registered village
। under the Mohammedan system, in opposifon to the
|
|
Dakhili one subseduently occupied, In the directions to
। Settlement officers in the N. W. provinces, I844, par. 45,
|
|
{
"
the application of these terms was modified, and thence
forward those JMaugds only which were numbered in the
Settlement lists were to be called 4sali, while JDdikhālā
was to be confined to such smaller mausds as might be
afterwards formed.
48li-6aon, H. A principal or original village, one from
which others hawe branched out, that on which the revenue
was originally assessed.
4sli-2am{n, H. Original land, that forming part of the
 AS
originally assessed estate, exclusive of subseduent additions,
as from alluvial deposits, &c.
4stl, Useel, H. A female servant among Mohammedans
who is a free woman, and therefore superior to the Laund%,
or purchased slave. It is sometimes, but incorrectly,
applied to any female slave.
AsAMI, corruptly, ASSAMEE, ASSAMIE, ASSAUM w, H. &c.
(A. ८s~''~', चसामी, plur. of ism, a name, sometimes
derived from i84m PGl, a criminal) A cultivator, a
tenant, a renter, a non-proprietary cultivator ; also a
dependant; also a debtor, a culprit, a criminal, a defendant
in a suit. Mr. Elliot (Supplement to the Glossary) con
jectures, with every appearance of probability, that 4sdmi।
has come to signify ' an individual,’ from the heading of
the register in which the appellations of the willagers, &c.
were recorded, as, Asdm, ’ names,’ each item then
becoming an 4sttm-i, or one of the names, or an individual |
Person. The term is adopted in most of the dialects.
4sdmi-ch'happer band, H. A resident cultivator, one who
occupies his own cl।'happer band, or thatched cottage ;
one who holds at a fixed rent.
4sdmi.jdi-bdhi kdjaj, Ben. A record kept by a Zamindar
in which the names of the tenants, and the balances due
by them, are registered.
4s4mi maurisi, H. An hereditary cultivator, one who,
although not a proprietor, cannot be dispossessed as long
as he pays a stipulated rent.
4sdmi-paikdsht, H. A man who cultivates land in a
willage without any hereditary right, a tenant at will.
4s८imi-shikami, H. One who cultivates the land of another
person and pays him a fixed rent : a sub-tenant ; one
who labours for his support (shilam, lit. belly),
-1sdmi-7rdr, H. Individually, personally, according to name ;
applied to a revenue settlement with each individual
cultivator, the same as Ryot-war.
4sdmingdr-1utta, Tel. (from gutta (Kं, rent) The rent
or revenue to be levied from each cultivator. A Ryot
war Settlement. _
4sdmincdr-hisdb, H., -hissdhu, Tel. (from P. hisdb, an ac
count), An account, kept in the Madras provinces, shewing
the particulars of each Ryot's produce, assessment, pay
ments and balance as it stands at the end of the year.
4sdmingdri, Tel, Individually, according to name. A
settlement or assessment made on each.
Asdmincdr or -m’dri makta, H. Mar. Tel. (from the A.
85
AS
?mahota ee-० , divided) The rent or revenue payable by
each individual cultivator, An account shewing the distri
bution.
4simin'tir or -ndri mufrid, (from A. mufrid e,ं-२, single)
In the northern Circars, an account shewing the amount of
each cultivator’sproduce,both by estimate and measurement.
AsAPINpA, S. (from च, neg. and सपिण्ड) One not connected
by offerings of the funeral cake to the same ancestors ; a
distant kinsman.
ASAPUTRA, S. (from सं, neg., सं, with, and पुच, a son) In
Hindu law, A son adopted from a different family, not
descended from a common ancestor.
AsARH, AsApम, more correctly, ASHApH, H. (s;'~', from S.
चाषाढ:), also vernacularly, AkHAR, Mar. &c. (स्राखाड)
The fourth month of the Hindu solar year (June-July),
considered the first of the rainy season, and beginning of
the rice cultivation.
4stirhi, 4४drlice, H. ( ७ु'~') The harvest of Asarh, but
differently applied to the harvest that springs from plough
ing or from sowing in that month. In the former case
it denotes the spring harvest, and is so used in the North
west. In the Benares district and Eastern Oude it is
applied to the latter, and then imports the autumnal harvest.
AsARA, H. (?) In the northern Circars, Lands of which the
revenues arepaid in kind, also lands which are notdependent
on the rains, but may be irrigated from a tank or river.
AsARA, or ASRA, H. ()~", from S. स्राश्रय:) A place of pro
tection, a shelter, a home, a sanctuary.
AsARA-sISTU, Tel. Fixed, unfluctuating amount.
ABARI, Mal. (७C)००9(?) A carpenter.
A:AS, H. (A. e-ºgl) Property, wealth, effects.
486ं al bait, H. Household furniture. _
A%AUCH, A5AUCHA, H. Ben. (F*“', from the S. स्रशेोच:)
Social or legal uncleanness, as from the death of a relation
or the like.
ASBAB, H. (A. plur. of ५-५५०) Goods, effects, materials,
implements, &c.
AsEDHA, S. (स्रासेध:) Legal arrest, restraint; which may
be of four kinds, kālāsedha, confinement for a time, by
the end of which the affair must be settled ; Karindsddha,
restraint from any particular act, restriction from religious
rites; Pracdsdiscdha, prohibition of removal, a writ of
` ne exeat;’ Sthdndisedha, confinement in any given place.
ASHHAD, H. (A. plur. of shahid) Witnesses, eyewitnesses.
In Mohammedan law.
 AS
AsHAR, ऐsHUR, A. (from ४,*.e, ten) A tenth, tithe. In Mo
hammedan law, the tithe assessed on lands occupied by
Mohammedans, or which have been divided amongst a
wictorious army from the possessions of infidels.
Ashari, H. Subject to tithe.
Ashir, A. An officer appointed to collect the tithes.
4shara, also 44shira, Or '्hoora, H. (A. 9*e, ;9*५e) Tho
first ten days of the month Moharram, which, by the
Shfas, are dedicated to the commemoration of the death
of Ali and his sons.
-1shair-lihana, H. A building in which the bier, the ban
ners, and isigmia used at the ceremonies of the Moharram
are set up.
ASHRABAT, A. (plur. of ५-'*, drink) Drinks, but in law
applied especially to wines or spirituous liduors produced
from the fermentation of grapes, raisins, or dates, the
drinking of which is prohibited.
A5-HAR, A. (9५~', plur. ofJrº-e) Relations by marriage AsIvA, H. (P. ५.)ि A mill, a water-mill.
within the degree in which marriage is prohibited. AsrvANA, H. (G५.T) A whetstone.
AsHRAF, corruptly, AsHRoP, H. (A. ५-',ंl, plur of -५:)* ॥ ASMANI-FARMANI, H. (P. ७५~~', heaven, and ७५9*, com
noble) Noblemen, persons of rank. In Behar and other
provinces of Hindustan, the designation is assumed by the |
more respectable classes of both Mohammedans and Hindus,
most of whom rent and cultivate lands, although they
s consider themselves soldiers and gentlemen and as de
graded by personal labour, to which, nevertheless, they
are freguently reduced, performing all kinds of agricul
tural work except driving the plough. In some places
they hold their lands under more favourable terms than
other cultivators: " the Government Revenue (in Aligerh),
when settled by a division of the crop, was one-third from
Zemindars, 'one-fourth from Ashrofs, and one-half from
ordinary cultivators.” App. Revenue Report.
ASHRAFI, USHRUFEE, corruptly, USHURFEE, H. (from the
A. ५-५४,ं , noble) A gold coin ; a mohur, rated at six
teen rupees silver.
ASHTA, S. (अष्टन्) Eight.
4shta bhdja man/am, S. An estate, in the south of India,
held on favourable terms, paying only an eighth of a
share of the produce as revenue.
-Ashta-blºodam, S. Enjoyment of the whole, or the eight
products of an estate ; or the land cultivated, Siddhā ; the
produce ofsuch land, Sadh/a ; uncultivable or rocky land
and its products, as minerals, &c., Pishdna ; property de
posited on the land, Vikshopa : treasure-trove, Vidhi ; ।
80
AS
waters and their produce, Jaldmritam ; actual privileges,
Akshinf ; prospective rights and privileges, 4admi.
Ashtaha, S. Eighth ; the 8th day of the moon in certain
months, when progenitors are to be worshipped.
। Ashtamं, S. The eighth day of the lunar fortmight.
Ashta-pradhdina, S. The eight chief ministers of the
Maratha principality.-See Duffः i. 280, 205.
ASfCHA, USr ECHA, H. (५*५~', from S. स्र, neg., and fषच,
to sprimkle) Unwatered, unirrigated, as land.
AsiN, corruptly, ASSIN, more correctly, AswIN, H. (७*' *
from S. खाश्विनी asrcinं, the constellation in which the
moon is full) The seventh month of the Hindu luni-solar
year (September-October).
Asi R, or, in the crude form, Asis, S. (स्राशीस्) A blessing.
Asir-bad, H., but used in most dialects (from dsir and bad,
or cada, speech) The benedictive address of a Brahman
or religious teacher.
mand) A term used formerly in deeds and leases, providing
for any incidents or injuries arising from calamitous
Seasons or unjust exactions of the Government, which, if
affecting the Zemindar, the Ryots engaged to make good.
In Garwhal, estimated fines and forfeitures, as part of the
revenue.
ASNAN, H. (JU…l, corruption of S. sndna स्नानं) Bathing,
ablution.
ASON, H. (७*~l) The current year.
AsoKASHTAMi, S. (from 48ola खशोक:, the tree so called,
Jonesia asoea, and ashtamं, eighth) The eighth of the
light fortnight of Chaitra (April-May), when a festival
in honour of Wishnu is observed, part of the ceremonial
of which consists in drinking water with the buds of the
ASoka in it.
Asp. ऎ:R, H. (A.)~e) The afternoon.
-4:r-namde, The afternoon prayer of the Mohammedans,
to be repeated at any time from half-past four until sunset.
A:R, plur. A:AR, A. (ं,ं,िgl) Signs, marks, traditions ; the
traditional law of the Mohammedans based on the sayings
and doings of Mohammed.
ASRAMA, S. (साश्रम:) A condition or order of life of which
four should be passed through in succession by Hindus of
the three superior castes, viZ. that of the IBrahmachdrं,
or religious student; of the Gpillastha, or householder ;
 AS
of the Wainaprastha, or hermit ; and Bhikshaka, or
Sanydsi, religious mendicant. Also a hermitage, the
abode of persons leading a religious or contemplative life.
A name borne in addition to their own proper name by
one of the orders of Dandi Gosains.
AsRITA, S. (चाश्रित: lit., protected, supported) A dependant.
A Brahman maintained by an opulent householder.
AST, H. (e~~~', S. चस्तः) Setting of the sun. Place of sun
set. West.
ASTACHAL, H. (S. स्रस्त and स्रचल:, a mountain) The moun
tains of the west, behind which the Sun is Supposed
to set.
ASTHAL, USTHUL, H. &c., (U4.), from S. स्यल, place) Place
of residence or abiding, especially the kind of free mo
nastery in which communities of religious mendicants
reside together under a Mahamt, a chief or abbot.
ASTHAN, USTHAN, inaccurately, ASTAN, H. &c., (७५*~',
from S. स्यान, a place) Abode, place of abiding, a hall
ofaudience, a king's court or palace. The residence of a
Mohammedan fakir. The shrine of a Mohammedan saint.
Asthanaharam, Tam. (g',८fuंठrrcणGrTDrॐा) A speaker in
court, a pleader, an advocate
ASTH I-SINCHANA, S. from asthi अस्यि, a bone, and sinchama
fशाच्झन, sprinkling) The ceremony of sprinkling the re
maining bones of a corpse that has been burnt, a few
days afterwards.
ASTI, Tel. (e&., from the S. स्रस्ति, what is), ASTr or ATA, A. (Jº"
AsTE, or AsTIPASTI, Karn. (C&., eं2.. eं७. व्)व्89.),
also Tam. (g',०fUंठी, g',6fugी-rा6fug) Real or per
sonal goods, riches, Estate. Property, possessions. That
which is of or belongs to, an individual.
Astikdr or -7dr, Karn. (e389.८व्)ॐ), Astikdram, Tam.
(ं,6fuglerrprर्टी) A rich man, a man of property.
Astigeradeya, Karn. (esं७.7 ॐ०७०) The proprietor of ArA K,
an estate.
Asti-ciparam, or -picaram, Tam. (ं,०fugी6ult-Dia)
An account or detailed statement of assets.
AsUR, UsooR, H.&ca Cal, from the S. चसुर:) An evil spirit,
a demon, an enemy of the gods.
Asura, or 4suri, S. Demoniacal, applied especially to one
form of marriage formerly recognised by Hindu law ; ATARPAL, UTURPAL, H. (J५Al),Land
that in which the bridegroom gives as muclt wealth as
he can afford to the bride, her parents, and relations.
AswADHyAwA, S. (च neg., and खाध्याय:, sacred study)
Days or Seasons on which it is prohibited to read the
37
AS
Wedas. A Brahman who has not gone through his
study of the Wedas.
ASwAMEDHA, S. (चमघव, a horse, and m6dha, sacrifice) The
actual or typical sacrifice of a horse. If performed a
hundred times, the sacrificer obtains the rank of Indra,
or king of Swarga.
ASwAMI-BABAT, H. (from S. asmºdmi। अखामिन्, and bdं
hat o--~५, account) A term used in Kattiwar to sig
nify extra and unauthoriZed charges levied by the revenue
officers for their own emolument-mot the demand of the
Snºdmi, the lord, or Government.
4smcdmi-bikri, or -cikri, H. (S. `ष neg., स्बामी, a master,
and cikraya विक्रयः, sale) Sale without ownership, one
form of illegal sale.
ASwANSf, H. (.*~~';“') A land measure, one twelfth of a
Kachwānsi.
A8wAPATI, S. (सघव, a horse, and पfत, lord) A title borne
by some of the ancient Rajas of the South of India.
ASwARI, Karn. An extra levy on a village.
ASwATTHA, S. current in most dialects, (स्रग्वत्य:) The Pip
al-tree-Ficus religiosa.
4*natthodydpana, or 4-pratishth6ं, (S. Asmcattha and
Udydpama, setting up; or pratishthd, consecrating) The
setting up of an Aswattha-tree, or a branch of it, as a
part of various religious ceremoniesं
ATA, corruptly, OTTA, H. (t)ि Flour, meal.
lit., giving) In law, an appointed allowance
or gratuity to soldiers and ministers of law or religion.
ATA, or ATARI, H. (t), ॰9", from S. अट्टाली) An upper
roomed house, an upper story. _
ATA-GoRRU, Tel. (es8x'ं?) A kind of rake used in
husbandry.
ATAI, Uriya, A cattle pound.
Or ATAkAT, A. (GJe, āte) Manumission of slaves
-in Mohammedan law.
-fttं, A. (J*ंe) Emancipated, manumitted (a slave).
ATAL, H. (JGl) A stack, a rick, a heap, or pile of any
thing.
ATAMANAM, Mal. (Gos22CO०) A pledge, a mortgage,
a security. __
which has been for
merly cultivated, but has been subseguently abandoned
(more correctly, 4mtar-pdil, from S. amtar, an interval,
and pala, cherishing. The word is current in the cen
tral and lower Doab.-Elliot.
L
 AT
ATATAwi, S. (चाततायी) In Hindu law, one guilty of a
heinous offence. _
ATCHI, Tam. (ं,Leºl) A heritage, inheritance. It is
most usually compounded as Kaniyatchi, ५. v. A domain or
lordship obtained by inheritance. A right, a privilege.
4rasatchi, Royalty. See Arasa.
ATHAL, (?) Land farmed or rented (perhaps for Astha).
Gl. āth Rep.
ATHAwANI orATHAwANE,also ATHTHAwANE, or, with the un
aspirated t doubled, ATTAwANE, or ATTAwANI, ५. v. Karn.,
(e9ंॐं, ७ॐक्ळै९, eं) Revenue. An armed mes
senger or peon employed in revenue affairs.
4thacanā-kacheri, Karn. (ंe) Office for revenue
COuntS. A Collector’s kacheri.
4thacameildkh6, Karn. (e०ॐळैcooersंॐ९) Revenue de
partment.
4thacaneyalekhkha, Karn (eॐहै०७98) A revenue
account.
ATHyrAs, H. (c~''~～ा, from āl, the vernacular form of S.
अष्ट ashta, eight, and mdsa, a month) Lands constantly
ploughed for eight months for sugar-cane ; or, from
4shdrh to Mā//, both inclusive.
ATHyrANA, H. (t.्र, from S. अस्त:) The west, in oppo
sition to 4ginandं, the east. ATHAWE (अयये) is used in
the same sense, but more commonly to signify 'evening.’
ATम-PAHARI, ATH-PUHUREE, H. (.9a ु)ि One who is
always on duty (lit., an eight-watch man), applied espe
cially to a servant employed to collect rents ; or, in
Bengal, to one who is set to watch the crop, and acts
as a messenger for the rest of the villagers,
ATHwARA, corruptly, Athrydra, H. (}}}{,ि from अष्ट, eight)
A money-lender who advances money on condition that
the borrower shall pay by weekly instalments a larger
Sum than he receives. A cultivator who, for the use of
agricultural implements on his own account for eight
days, works the rest of the month for the benefit of the
lender.
ATi, Himdi (साठी) A sheaf a handful of stalks of any kind
corn given to the reapers for cutting a bojha, or load,
usually about one-sixteenth.
ATIPATAk, H. (from S. अति, implying much, exceeding,
and पातक, crime) Heinous or capital offence.
AriT, UTEET, H. (from the S. चतीत, passed away, by
whom worldly interests are discarded) A religious men
dicant of the Hindus, usually a Vaishnava.
88
AT
ATITH, ATrTHI, H. but used in most dialects, (S. चfतयि:)
A guest, any stranger entitled to hospitality.
4tithi-pitja, S. (पूजा, worship) Hospitality, reverence of
guests.
Atithyam, S. (स्रातिथ्यं) Hospitality.
ATAsH-BEHRAst, Pers. (from Atash U*,ि fire) A chief
temple of the Parsis, the sacred fire in which is said to
be composed of I00I kinds. Six such temples exist in
India.
4tash-hada, or -hhana, P. (sA% ade-) A fire-temple.
ATIvASA, S. (अfतवास:) The fast observed on the day
preceding a Srdddha, or obseguial ceremony.
ac ATRAo, H. (,४Gl) Arrest. Seduestration.
ATRARI, H. (.9G)ि A caste of silk weavers in the Dekhin.
ATMA, S. (सामा) The soul, the selfः PARAMATMA, The
Supreme Soul-God.
Atma-bandha, S. (स्रामर्बभु:) A person's own or cognate
kinsman.
4tmaja, S. (अ'ात्मजः) A son.
Atmaghditah, Ben. (from S. स्रात्मघात:, a self-destroyer) One
_ ___ -
who commits suicide.
4tmacikrayi, S.(स्रात्मविक्रयी) Onewho sells himselfasaslave.
ATR, UTR, or, more correctly, ITR, corruptly Ottar and Otto,
A. 9ag) Fragrance, perfume, essence, especially of roses.
Agr-ddn, H. (P. Jle, holding) An ornamental box or phial
containing essence of roses.
4tdr, H. (A. )"e6) A perfumer, a maker of perfumes and
essences, a druggist, a chemist.
ATRAF, UrRAF, H. (A. ५-9}}el, plur of -9e) Limits,
boundaries.
Atr4fi-rancana, H. (P. ॰);)) A pass for the transit of
goods beyond the limits of the custom-stations.
ATTATCHI, Tam. (9ंठrrt-G) Proof, evidence, attestation.
ATTA-TARISU, Tam. (?) ILand which has laid waste for a
long time.
ATTAwANAI, Tam. (sut1.L6uॐऽऽठा) An index, a register.
A cash-book, a statement in figures ; also an accountant
or writer. When prefixed to any official designation, it
implies that the person is duly registered as holding the
office.-In Mysore, Revenue, &c. See ATHAWANI
AppAvANA1-KANARAN, Tam. (Sut-l-61-ॐ०००ार्यै८5००णG
GC्ठा) An accountant, a book-keeper, a registrar.
Apprppp, Mal. (७०sh6a-lo) Freehold property. C4tti is
here a various and apparently less accurate reading of
Otti, ५. w.).
 AT
ATTIPBRRoLA, pronounced ATTIPFTToLA Mal. (Go3)
6aa-a6)००9e-A) Title deeds of freehold property. See
the last.
ATTU, Tam. (9ं), from A. Ae-) A boundary a limit.
ATTU, Karn. (eं)A shelf, a platform in corn-fields on
which persons are stationed to watch the crop.
AITU-RAL, Tam. (ं,ंbgplकैeBrr6b, from श्bgD, a river, and
kd', a channel, the double pppronounced as tt) A rivulet.
A channel for conducting water from a river for the pur
pose of irrigation.
4ttakal-6ri, Tam. (6यTf), a tank) A pond or tank filled
from a river by a water-course.
Atta-pachal,or-p4/achal, Tam. (g',ppplult-lrTut-lवै 5-60)
In S. India, River irrigation, lands watered from a river.
4tta-ceppa, Mal. (७‘O००6a-lg-i) New land left by the
retiring of a river, or gained from the sea. Plantations
by the sea-shore.
ATU KU BADI, or -ABADI, Tel. (?) Giving waste or unoccupied
land to a cultivator at a low rate of assesSment on con
dition of his bringing it into cultivation.
AppuPU, Tam. (Sut--GLL) Boiled salt. Earth-salt.
AUKAs, A. (plur. of Wakas ०~ं;) In Mohammedan law,
any number of cattle intermediate between two numbers
which are liable to Zakfit, and on which additionalpayment
is not lewied ; thus, the numbers from 40 to छ0 are
4akag, being charged as 40, from छे0 to 00 as G0, and
S*CO OL1
AUL, or AoL, A. (J;e) Increase. In Mohammedan law,
The distribution of a fractional proportion of inherited
property more than the amount of the legal shares of the
respective heirs : thus, if a woman deceased have left a
husband and two sisters, the first is entitled by law to a
half or द्वैths of her wealth, and the two last to ईths
each ; making, therefore, #ths, or one more than the
whole. In such case the denominator of the fraction is
made edual to that of all the shares, or to seven, and the
numerator remains unaltered, forming the fractions #,
#, #, or giving to the husband #ths, and to the sisters
#ths each.
AULAD, H. (A. e}}l, plur. of A9) Children, progeny, de
scendants.
AULAi, Thug. A person who is a Thug, as opposed to one
who is not.
AULIA, A. (plur. of G?? Im law, The nearest of kin, and
therefore entitled to demand the fine of blood, or com
39
AU
mutation for murder. In ordinary use, holy men, reputed
prophets.
AURAsA, Sa but adopted in most dialects, (औरस:) Uterine,
as a son by a wife. . A maternal brother, or son of the
same mother.
AURANG, AURUNG, H. (e-9)) A place where any article
of trade is manufactured and collected for wholesale dis
posal or export. During the Company's commerce, it
was applied to the factories for piece goods, &c.
Ais, more correctly AsU, corruptly, OUsE, Beng. (याजेन, or
षीं) Rice ripening early, being sown in Chaitra or
Waisākh (February, March), and ripening in Sritvana or
Bhādra (August, September), growing rapidly through
the rainy season. The same word 48a occurs in other
dialects, as in Mal, A:५, (७949) Rice ripening in the
rainyseason ; being from the S. 4:५, (साशु) ouick,५uickly.
AUT, Aoor, Mar. (चाञ्जत, from S. स्रायुधं, a weapon) An
implement, a tool, especially one used in agriculture, as a
plough. As much land as may be ploughed by a pair
of bullocks, usually considered edual to 80 bighas.
4it-bandi, Aoot-bundce, corruptly, Out-bundee, Mar.
(स्राञ्जतबंदी) Assessment of revenue calculated at a fixed
rate per plough. Engagement to pay a fixed charge for
the use of a plough and pair of bullocks.
Aut-patti, Aoot-puttee, Mar. (स्राजतपट्टी) The tas on
ploughs ; also any extra cess, whether authorised or
unauthorised, upon each owner of a plough.
AwAD'HI, S. (अवधिः) Limit, term, period.
Acadhi-arardr, Karn. (e9ॐयण्ळॐ) In Kanara, A kind of
mortgage, in which the land is held for a term in lieu of
interest. See Arardr.
Acadi-Braya, or Acadirama-kraj/e, Tam. (from S. अवधि,
and क्रयं, sale) In Southern India, a conditional sale, to
become absolute if the purchase-money be not repaid
within a stipulated time.
AvADHUTA, S. (अवभूत:, liberated) A religious mendicant
in the South of India, of the Saiva and Sākta sects, one
who is exempt from ceremonial observances and worldly
restraints. See Abdhttt. Among the Sāktas there are two
classes of such devotees.
Wyaktaicadhaita, (from S. /akta, manifested) One who
openly professes religious emancipation.
Guptacadhitta, (from S. gupta, hidden) One who throws
off the usual restrictions of caste, &c., unavowedly and
in private.
 AW
AvARAsAM, Mal. (Goo-leop०००, from S. स्रवकाशं, oppor
tunity) Right, title, privilege. Inheritance.
Acahasam-mari, Mal. (aG), a written agreement) A deed
of partition, a deed declaring the several rights and privi
leges of persons having a joint interest in property.
Acah4ं, Mal. (७०o-lap०al) An heir, a rightful owner.
AwALAKKI, Karn. (eॐeं) Rice bruised or flattened by
beating the paddy after being scaled in the husk, some
times eaten without being boiled.
AvANEJANA, S. (स्रवनेजन) Washing, ablution. A ceremony
prior to offering the funeral cake, pouring water in
which white flowers and sandal paste are immersed upon
the bed of kusa grass placed to receive the cake.
AwATARA, S. (अवतार:, a descent) The descent or incarna
tion of a deity, his appearance or birth upon earth for
some important purpose. The principal Avatārs of
Vishnu are ten: l. the Matsya, or fish ; 2. Kitrma, or
tortoise ; 8. Wardha, boar ; 4. Wrisinlia, or man-lion ;
5. W4mama, dwarf; 6. Parasurdmud ; 7. Itdmachandra,
or HRAma ; 8. Balardma ; 9. IBuddha ; and I0. yet
tO COme, JKalki. JK?rishna is usually considered not
as a mere aoatdr, but as Wishnu himself A number of
other descents or incarnations, both of Wishnu and Siva,
are specified by modern sectaries.
AwArr, or AijTr, Mahr. (अवटी) A goldsmith's stamp, The
officer of a town who has charge of the standard mea
sures, and measures all the grain that is brought to market.
AvrBHAJyA, S. (स्र neg., विभाज्यं, to be divided) Indivisible,
as property.
AvrBHARTA, S. च neg., विभक्तः, divided, partitioned) Undi
vided, as property held in common, or as joint property.
One who is unseparated from his family, a co-parcener
Awi RA, S. (स्र neg., and वीर, ध्ir, a man) A childless
widow, a woman who has neither husband nor Son.
AvRo or AwARo, GuZ. (Put१२t) In Surat, One of the
account-books kept by merchants-a waste book.
AwA, H. (l,l) A potter’s kiln or furnace.
AwAI, H. (.s)) A pick-axe
AwAk, H. (e)", स्रावक) Insurance. In Western India,
Respondentia, an advance ofmoney to a merchant upon the
goods or merchandise in a ship before sailing, under the
condition that if the voyage be profitable the loan is to
be repaid with an extra rate of interest or per centage.
Arcal-n/tju, or -bidjit, H. (from व्याञ्जू, principal) A trans
action in which a person who has made a respondentia
4()
AW
advance enters into an engagement with some third
person, who, for a bonus or stipulated interest, insures
him against loss.
AwAR, Mar. (S. स्रवारं) A fence, &c., enclosing a yard
round a house.
AwAL, Hind. (S. स्रवाल) An enclosed space formed by a
cluster of Ryots’ houses.
AwAN, or, more correctly, ANwAN, ५. w., the nasal being
blended with the vowel, Mar. (अ्रवण) The first field of rice,
that in which it has been raised from seed.
4nicanं, Mar. (स्रांवगू) The part of the field into which the
young shoots of rice are transplanted from the 4arran.
Transplanted, applied to the young rice-stalks from the
first growth.
A?cangilli, H. (?) A mode of torture, compelling a man
to stand with each foot upon an inverted earthen vessel,
the shape and position of which endanger his falling ; a
Chaprāsi stands by to flog him if he loses footing.
AwARDAH-NAwfs, H. (from P. dmgardah। s9:", what is
brought, and macis U“ं', a। writer) A writer or registrar
of accounts as delivered, applied to a class of accountants
in the ceded districts.
AwARIJA, UwARIJU, or AwARI.JA, UwURIJU, corruptly,
AwERJA, H. &c. (P. *9b', अवारिज, supposed to be de
rived from Amºdrd )))) , scattered, and occurring in Persian
also, as Abdr, Abdra, and 4mrdra) A diary, a day-book, a
ledger, a rough note-book, an abstract account of re
ceipts and disbursements. The word occurs in most
dialects, somewhat modified occasionally in spelling and
in meaning, as in Cuttack, it denotes a revenue account,
specifying, first, the unproductive lands of a willage, and
then those paying revenue, field by field, arranged under
the names of the occupants, with a Specification in sepa
rate columns of the number of each field in the Bhau
riya or field-book, the guantity of land and kind of
cultivation ; the total rent by each occupant being also
summed up. Mar. AwARJA, corruptly, Awण्ZZA, (स्रवरजा )
A particular and distinct head of account abstracted from
the day-book, or a separate account of each cultivator’s
land rewenue and charges upon it. Tel. AwARJA, (e२g)
A distribution of items of account under appropriate
heads. Posting an account.
Amudrij6-jama kharch, H. An account of receipts and
disbursements.
AwAsi,UwAsEE, H. ( us“'', S. स्रवासी) Unripe corn cut from
 AW
time to time, and brought home to be eaten without being
threshed.-Benares. See DADRI.
AwASTA, corruptly, AVESTA, Pehlevi. Literally, ‘ word ;’ but
used by the Parsis to denote a mystical prayer or incan
tation. Wilson, Religion of the Parsis, pp. 14. 167.
AwASTHI, H. One of the subdivisions of the Kamauj
Brahmans.
AwKHAR, Thug. Dakhini. Any person maimed or deprived
of the use of his limbs.
AwA, S. (स्राय:) Income, profit.
ArA, or AwAyr, Karn. Tam. (es०ऽo श्,u-ta , S.* चाय:, in
come, profit) Toll, tax, tribute, custom, measurement. In
the Dakhin, the portion of the crop formerly paid to the
hereditary willage officers and servants.
4yandya or 4yandnya, Tam. (?) Fees in kind paid to the
village officer : perhaps an error for 4/as4/a, ५. w.
4yak4r, or 4yagdr, Karn. (es०ऽ७ठव्ॐ, es०Go7ज्व्ॐ) Awi1
lage servant or officer, one entitled to the Aya, or pro
portion of the crop, for his services to the community.
OPlur. 4yagirru, Or4/engandia, also written, but either
locally or incorrectly, 4yengade, 4yengadlu, and 4/en
gandea) The officers and servants of a village, the whole
establishment, the Balutd of the Maratha countries, g. v.
4yahattuं, or 43/ukuttoo, corruptly, 4%/acut, Karn. Tam.
(e॰ं, g,u-"फैet--G) Regulation, settlement.
Measurement of lands, determining the boundaries of a
willage. An account of the total land belonging to a vil
lage, including houses, wells, &c., and particulars of its
distribution and condition, to be kept by the willage
accountant,
4yaketta, Mal. (७OCo)6)c6-5) Register of assessed land.
Land prepared for cultivation. (In Malabar) the same also
aS 4yahattu, G. w.
4yakrit, () (probably an error for 4yahattu, or 49acut)
Total cultivable land. Gl. 5th Rep.
A3/akallu, (?) Mar. Rent on Government lands in cultivation.
4yas4ya, also 4yasanya, Karn. (esCGOGa०Co, es०ऽo
न्यव्*98) The share of the croppaid to willage Servants.
4yap4sah6, Karn. (e०9य॰पै९) Fecs in kind paid
to the willage Servants.
4yati, Or 4yoti, (?) Karn. An officer in towns in the
Dakhin, whose duty it is to examine, adjust, and mark
the weights and measures, charging a fee for so doing.
4yatturai, Tam. (ं,u-' ँ८,०००p) A custom-house, a place
where tolls and taxes are collected.
4l
AW
4yarydya, H. S. (स्वायव्याय) Income and expenditure,
receipts and disbursements, profit and loss.
AwA, or AwwA, (from S. साय्यै, respectable) A common ad
junct in the south of India to the names of Brahmans
or Spiritual guides, especially to the religious teachers of
the Lingayits.
AwAN, Tam, Mal. (g',u-dठैश्) A shepherd.
4/arpddi, Tam. (ं,u-"प्रै'-rTu}-) A willage of shepherds.
AwAN, Tam. (g',u-dटैी) A general term fºr the revenue col
lected on six kinds of produce. See Aim.
AvAN--MAZxUs,A. (७x~4० ७५e) Things lent or pledged,
to be restored, when redeemed, in the same condition as
when deposited.
AwIN, or AwEEN, H., but current in most dialects, See Ain,
Rule, statute, ordinance.
AwATNIRGAT, Mar. (from H. 4/4 ५l, what has come, and
S. mirgata निगैत:, what is goneout) Customs levied on im
ports and exports.
AZAD, H. (P. e);l) Free, liberated, A Mohammedan de
wotee who shaves his beard and eyelashes, and takes a wow
of continence, but considers himself exempt from the
usual observances of religion.
AZAN, H. (A. ७ld)) The cry or Summons to prayer.
AZHI, or AZHIwA, also written ARI, Mal. (?) Expense, the
expense of improwing and cultivating land.
Ashā-hushi-ldnamTam.(g',9ंकैंट)9$कैerr००णta) Akind
ofmortgage, in Malabar, in which the proprietor transfers
the lands to the mortgagee on condition of his bringing
them into cultivation or improving them, engaging to
reimburse him all expenses incurred for that purpose
when the mortgage is redeemed.
AZHrvA-PADAyr, A.rwA-PADAM, Mal, Tam. (from dicham or
dlam, depth, andpddam, place, श्,!*ut-luG-pth, (Grogºloo9
a-a0s०) Land in a low situation, capable of irrigation,
and especially favourable for rice cultivation.
AZMAisH, H. (P. U**9' , literally, trial, examination)
Estimate of the crop while standing made by the subor
dinate revenue officer. Re-measurement or repetition of
survey. Among the Marathas, an anticipatory state
ment or estimate of the receipts, expenses, and nettbalance
ofa district made up at the beginning of the revenue year.
42maish gomashta, H. A revenue officer, one who com
putes the crop. A native surveyor, a measurer, Also
A2maish mutasaddi.
AZUBAG, (?) Abstract of an account (Ganjam). MSS.
M
 BA
B
BAB, corruptly, BAUB, H. (A. ५--'), BABU, Tel. Karn.
(C*१99) A section, a chapter, a title, a head of accounts. । BABBALIvA, BABBULIvA, Beng. (दनिश्चl) A hanger-on about
A tax, a cesS. See ABwAB.
Baib-ngdr, H. ()'}'ं) Arranged, classified, as fields or
items of account ; whence JB4b-fodri, classification.
Bab-yāft, H. (P. cº-3५, found) Classified, entered under
its proper head.
BABA H. (Turkish, ७५) A father, but addressed as a term
of kindness to young as well as to old persons.
BABAT, BABUT, corruptly, BAUBUT, H., but used in most
dialects, (A. ७“-४५) Account, statement. Head of an
account. Article or item of an account. Matter, business
affair ; also adverbially in some places, as in Pura
niya, to signify, from the account of or by the relinguish- |
ment of
Babatdn, (P. plur. of ५-५५) Sundries, miscellaneous items
of an account.
_Babat-fodr, H. Oly oe-५५) According to entry, agreeably
to the particulars of any account or Statement.
Babat-7udri, H. (-9b ७“-५५, बाबतवारी) Any thing which
is registered or entered in a general statement or account,
as lands belonging to a village not actually cultivated,
but entered in the village accounts, or as land held by a
tenant at a registered rate. In Purami/a the term is
applied to lands which have fallem into the renter’s hands
when taken up by another Ryot, and held at rates fixed
by the renter.
-Babat-mudri.jdmd, H. (A. e**-) The revenue of an estate
according to a registered amount.
_Babat-lodri samin, H. (P. …A.७;) Lands registered in the
statements of a village or Zaminditri. In Purant/a this
and the preceding are also applied to two columns in
the general account shewing the guantity of land which
had been relinguished, retaken, and the rent derived from
them.
bdbat-्//[ft, H. (P. c-G५, what has found entry) The par
ticular items of any charge, applied especially to a state
ment of fees and perguisites under the gowernment of the
Nawab of Bengal. The fees and perguisites So registered.
Jºdbat{, corruptly, IBabt{, Babtee, or IBaabtee, Mar. (बाबती,
that which is according to the b6bat, or account) The
shares of the public revenue, especially those arising from
the Chaath, which were appropriated to the chief offi
42
BA
cers of the Maratha State. H. (८५५) Any cess or item
of revenue, particularly when imposed in addition to
the ordinary revenue.
courts of law, ready to give false testimony, or to bring
false and malicious charges against a person for hire.
BABU,BABoo, Beng.,&c. (दांबू, S.बाबू)A title ofrespect attached
to a name, as "Mr.,” or " Esg.” In Bengal it has lost
something of its respectability, and is commonly given
to natives who manage the pecuniary concerns of the En
glish, and to native clerks who write English. In Go
rakhpur, it is applied to any man of family or influence.
In Benares it was formerly assigned to younger brothers
or mear relatives of a Raja. In Beng. Reg. viii. of I79ंछ
Baboos are defined "persons of the blood and family of
the Raja of Benares.” Babu, in Karn. (००थ्99) is a syno
*
nym of " father.’
BABUL, BUB0OL, also BABUR, BUBOOR, H. (J;:५) The
name of a tree (Acacia arabica), the wood of which is
much used in making agricultural implements ; the bark
is employed in tanning leather, and, in the north-west,
in the manufacture of a spirituous liguor.
BACH, BUCH, H. (6 । वच) An inferior tribe of Rājputs in
the district of Jonpur.
BACH-GOTI, BUCH-GOTEE, H. (G*ः। बच्वगोती) A tribo of
Rājputs, said to be a branch of the great family of Chau
hans, chiefly settled on the borders of Jonpur, Gorakhpur,
and Oudh. _
| BACH'H, BAACH, BATCH, and, corruptly, IBUCH, H. (-4ं-५,
वाञ्छ्, lit., selection, from S. वॉच्छा, wish, desire) The
proportionate rate or division either of lands or liabilities
attached to them. The apportionment of a village or
estate, or of the produce in separate portions among asso
ciated or coparceny occupants, especially in the case of
mixed Patt{dari tenures: where part is held in common,
and part in severalty, the Government rent and village
. expenses are paid from the land held in common, and
any owerplus is distributed, or any deficit made good, by
a bdch'/', or rate levied on the several holdings. The rate
is sometimes lewied according to the number of ploughs
employed by the cuktivators. In some parts of India the
term implies, a Share of the village lands, which consists,
in general, of as much as may be ploughed with ome plough.
Dach'h-bardr, H. 9)* &*-५) A tenure, common in Bun
delkhand, in which the shares of the revenue payable by
 BA
the joint proprietors of a village are liable to occasional
re-adjustment and alteration ; also, IBhdj-bardr, G. w.
Bad-bach’/, IBud-bach'h, H. (P. c५ bad) A fraudulent di
vision or apportionment of the assessment
JDach'hontd, IBuch'honga, H.(Uं,**ः ,S. बच्छोटा)Distribution
of an aggregate sum among several individuals (Upper
Doab).
BAcHHAL, BACHHUL, H. (d)4-५, बाल) A tribe of Raj
puts who claim a descent from the IAunar race, formerly
Zaminditrs of Farida and Shah-jehan-pur, now settled in
Aligerh, and in different parts of Badaon, Mathurā, and
Shah-jehan-pur.
BACHRA, (वiप्ञ्जi) Land formerly cultivated, but now neg
lected.
BAD, H. (P. c५) Remission of revenue on account of defi
cient crops. (North-West provinces, Mr. Elliot derives the
term from the P. Baid, which, in the Burhdin-ā-kditi, has,
for one meaning, W6-bud (ext), not existing).
BAD, corruptly, BUDH, Mar. (बाद) Deducted. Excluded from
a number, a list, or collection.
BADA, Karn. (०॰) A ridge.
Gaddebador, Karn. (xं9ं) A ridge between rice-beds.
BADAGALEWAwARU, Karn. (६०ॐxॐ०ऽoंo, from ८०ॐK,
north) Brahmans, followers of Wishnu, wearing a mark of
three perpendicular lines. (Mysore).
BADAGE, (?) A tribe of slaves in Kurg.
BADAGI, or BADIGA, Karn. (४०ॐ7\, १००%) A carpenter, A
man who supplies travellers with water.
BADAHAND, H. P. Cld pers. plur. imp. of the Persian verb
daidan, to give ; AJuoc५, lit-, let them give) A superscrip
tion of assent by the Emperor on a petition for an assign
ment of revenue.
BADAL, BUDUL, or BUDL, H. (A. Je५, बदल), Tel. Karn.
BADALU, BADULU, ( ६96eo, ४० ँoeo) Exchange, Substi
stution,eduivalent.Change ofmoney. Pledge,loan. Rejoinder.
Badald, or J8adali, or JBadld, IBadli, or JBudla, IBudlee,
H., and in other dialects, ( ७.* बदला , बदली) A substi
tute, a person or thing taken in representation or ex
change of some other person or thing.
IBadal-mushdlidrd, less correctly, JIBudul-mooshara, H.
(A. 9*५~०) Stipend given in money or kind to public
or private servants.
BADAR-NAwist, H. (P9.५, lit., to the door, A.५;, writing)
Writing off items of an account which are objectionable or
excessive. Audit of an account.
48
BA
BADAR, Hindi (बादारं) A large house-granary raised on piles,
JPuramiya.
BADAwA-HRITA, S. (बडवा, lit., a mare, a female slave, ढत,
taken) One of the fifteen kinds of slaves, In Hindu law,
A man who becomes a slave that he may marry a female
slave in the family.
BApAwA-PoLAMU, Tel. (थ्”ॐ3GPoं99) Low, swampy
ground, a bog', a marsh.
BAppr, Karn. (*०१, S. वृडि) Interest of money.
JDaddijantu, Karn. (०३९x०&ं७) Interest and principal.
J/drbaddi, Karn. (Coo०Fं) Compound interest.
BADEGACHI, Tam. (?) A low caste in Travancore, but supe
rior to the Pariahs.
BADH, H. (बाध) A lesser division of an estate. A plain, a
desert.
BADHA, S. (बध:) Killing, slaughter ; also, striking, wounding.
In law, Corporal punishment, which may be of three
kinds ः I. T4rana, Beating, caning, flogging ; 2. Chhed
dana, Cutting, mutilation ; 8. Mairaga, Putting to
death : the second is abolished by the British Government.
J9adhak, IBudhuh, corruptly, IBadhik, IBudduck, IBuddick,
H. (४-७०.५, बधकः, from the S. बध) A killer, a mur
derer. A robber of a particular tribe associated with
Thugs, and, like them, murdering those they rob, resid
ing chiefly on the borders of Oudh, but carrying on
their depredations usually at a distance.
JDadhya, S. (बध्य) One who ought to be punished or put
to death ; fit for, or deserving death.
BAD'HAwA, Hindi (बधावा) Presents to a woman after lying in.
BApHIA, BUpHIA, H. (५*ं) A disease affecting Jamrur,
JBdjrd, Indian corn, and sugar-cane, which prevents the
head from shooting.
BADHWA, Karn. (ंऽग्छं 8) Relationship. An obligatory
duty. A right or claim of possessson.
IBdd//anu, IBadhyasta, Karn. (८००dं8ं9, ४ऽव्ं83.) An
heir. _
BADf, more correctly, WADI, S., but adopted in most dialects,
(वादी, from IBada or Waida, a dispute, a discourse) Aplain
tiff a complainant, a suitor, An advocate, one who states
a plaint, whether for himself or another.
Pratibadं, or Praticada, S. &c. (प्रतिवादी) Defendant, re
spondent. Opponent or replicant.
BAD1-cHoR, H. 9-.se५) A determined thief
BADI, BUDEE, H. (.go५, S. बदी) The dark fortnight, that
of the moon's wame from full to new moon.
 BA
BADIGA, Tel. (ध्ऽ० ँx), BADIGE, Karn. (ंऽब्b7ं) Rent,
hire, guit-rent, or a low rent on lands granted in Inam.
BADroE, or BADror, Karn. (श्छ०7*) A carpenter.
BADI-KATTU, Tel. (०*७) Ascertainment measurement
Badi-pdradi, Tel. (० ँ`ॐ) Classification of land as
of first, second, or third class, &c. Collections of contri
butions for extra expenses of the willage rated on each
JK4ti of the willage lands.
BAprvA, or BAprvA BHUsr, Hindi (बडिया भूम) A rich and
fat soil. Puraniya.
BAD-MAAsH,BUD-MAAsH, H. (P. bad c७, bad, and A. U**०)
means of living) A disreputable person, one following
evil courses.
BAD-NAMI, BUTo-NAMI, H. (c•५.५; from A१, bad, and ",
ndm, a name) Disrepute, ignominy ; but in Tel., corrupted
to Bad-!4mi, it implies, also, responsibility.
BADNI, BUDNEE, H. (.go७) A contract by which a bor
rower gives a bond at high interest, in satisfaction of
which he assigns his crops at a rate below the market
value (from UA:, badna, to wager, to agree),
BADRAKA, or BADRIKA, BUDRAKA, BUDRIKA, H., also oc
curring in other dialects, and read BADARAKA, and BA
PARKE, also, corruptly, BADRUCKA, (A. A9As) A guide,
a guard, an escort. Safe conduct. Also a charge for con
voy formerly levied on merchandise at the rate of I per
cent., as the expense of keeping the highways and rivers
safe from robbers.
Dadrakā-hisdb, H. (A. ५--*५-, an account) An account
sent with a guard of goods or treasure under its charge.
An invoice ; also, transit duty.
BADSHAH, H. (P. ४५&o५) A king, a sovereign.
_Baidshdh{, Badshahee, H. (P. ७*५*9५, royal, from s५se५,
king) As applied to tenures, it denotes land, &c. held
under a royal grant, or, in the language of the Regu
lations, a IBddshdhee grant extended to all grants made
by the ruling authority for the time being, and compre
hended royal grants properly so termed, grants by the
Subahdar of Oudh, and by the British Government. Ben.
’ Reg. xiii., 1705.
JBddshdht Samad, corruptly, Summud, H. (A. AG.५, agrant)
A royal grant, a written document conveying lands or
titles from the ruling power.
BADU, Tel. (थ्”ंC) Fees in grain paid to the willage ser
vants before the division of the crop.
BA-FAR८ANDAN, or -FURZUNDAN, less correctly, BA-PAR
44
BA
ZAND, vermacularly, BA-PARJAND, H. (from the P. ५,
with, AG),*, oflspring, in the plur. * with children') A
term inserted in a grant which is made to the grantee
and his posterity ; also, BA-AULAD (c},l ५), having the
same meaning. It has been ruled that both apply to
heirs and descendants generally, although, in strictness,
they denote only the children of the grantee, or his heirs,
in a direct line ofdescent.
BAFT, H. (P. c-$५, from ७७५) to weave) Weaving, web.
JD%fta, H. (P. ंis५) Woven. A kind of cotton cloth.
B4f H. (P. ५-*५) Weaver, woven, used chiefly in compo
sition ; as, Zar-b4f, (from 27 ? gold) Gold-tissue, cloth
ofgold. ‘A gold lace or brocade weaver.
BAG, Beng. Uriya, Mar. (दiºl, बाग) Agarden ; more correctly,
BAGH, g• w., but in the dialects noted, and perhaps in
others, both in this word and its derivatives the unaspi
rated Sanscrit g is substituted for the Arabic final.
BAGALwA, corruptly, BAGLAH, Mar. (षगल्पा) An assistant, a
mate ; sometimes applied to the Chaughala of a willage.
BAGANDEN, or BAGHI, Tam. (?) The caste of Palankin
bearers. Timmerelly.
BAGAR, BAGUR, H. 0%५) A hedge of thorns or twigs
(TMalmsa).
BAGAR, BUGAR, H. (,५) Pasture-ground GDundelkhand).
BAGAR, Mar. (बगाड) Swinging from a pole with iron hooks
fastened to the back. See Charkh. ,
BAGARI, BUGUREE, H. (.9,१) A species of rice cultivated
chiefly in the province of Benares.
BAGARIA, Thug. A class of Thugs who reside chiefly in
the Gwalior country.
BAGDI, or BHAGDI, (?) A low and serwile caste of Hindus
following unclean and out-of-door avocations. _Bengal
and Cattack.
BAGH, dialectically, BAG, corruptly, BAUGH, H. (P. ā५ । plur.
BA(aHAT बाग , बाघ) A garden, an orchard, a plantation.
JDdjhdyat, Bagdyat, IBaajait, Bdgdyati, corruptly, IBagahat,
_Baugd/ut, Baughayhir, H. (P. e-५७*५, from the plur. of
JB4gh or Bdjhat) Mar. (षागाद्दैत), Karn. ( टऽव्-7रव्`०Soठै)
Land which, being well supplied with water, and adapted
to the cultivation of various useful and edible vegetable sub
stances, is appropriated to their growth, or to that of betel,
hemp, sugar-cane, plantains, Saffron, ginger, pepper, to
bacco, onions, garlic, chilis, and other vegetables ; also
to that of fruit-trees, and the areka, cocoa-nut, and other
palms. It is assessed at a higher rate than arable lands,
 BA BA

according to the value of the produce. In Birbhum the
term was formerly applied also to garden lands held free
of revenue.-Parl. Papers, I8l8, p. 298.
_Dddhāyati, IBijhaiti, or Ddjaiti, corruptly, Baajaite,
&c., H. (Jः.५७s५), Mar. (बागाद्दैत) Fit for, or relating to,
garden cultivation (land, &c.). Having much garden ground ।
(a town or village). Raised on garden ground (fruit, &c.).
Assessed or levied on gardens (revenue, tax).
-79dgdyat-kachdri, Karn. (& ँ९e, from H. `श्रू', an office)
Department or office in Mysore for the superintendence
of the revenue levied on garden cultivation in the time
of the Mohammedan Government.
| of Bdjar, between the south-west borders of Hariana
and the Setlej. They seem to have been originally R4j
puts, but are now looked upon as a branch of the Jaits.
The term is also applied to other tribes, and there is one
tribe of IB60ri Brahmans. Baajar is also the name of
a tract on the south-west of Malwa ; and Bdgri denotes
a native of the province. IBdgris are also described as
Hindus of the lowest castं, robbers by profession, who
came from the west of India, and settled in considerable
numbers in the eastern parts of Malwa.-Malcolm, Cen
tral India. Tod considers them as one of the aboriginal
raceS.

_D474yat.j4sti-birdd, Karn. (श्छद्यं9. ०यन्व्ॐ) Anextra cess BAGSARIA, BUGSUREA, H. (७)~%) Name of a small clan

charged on garden cultivation in Mysore.
4adghicha, Dijicha, Dageechu, H. &c., (*te५) A garden,
a little garden.
-7947bagichd, Mar. (बागबगीचा) Gardens ; comprehensively,
orchards, plantations, cocoa-nut or areka groves, &c.
of Rājputs in the Moradabad district; also of a branch of
.Kamauj Brahmans.
BAHA, H. (७५, S. वाह, प्रवाह्) A water-course, usually an
artificial one ; but in the Delhi district applied to a
natural one also.

JD47hbdin, Baghrodn, or Bdgmoan, H. &c. (JAs५, बागवान) BAHA, BUHA, H. (P. ५{) Price, cost, value.
A। gardener, one who cultivates garden produce ; also, in JDah८-i-khilat, H. (A. ७e-ºl5-, a dress of honour) A cess
the west of India, a vender of vegetables, fruits, and flowers. or tax added at so much per cent. to the ordinary
Bagh-hdrं, H. (P. .9४) Garden cultivation, the busi revenue to defray the cost of complimentary dresses or
ness of a gardener. robes of honour granted by the Mohammedan rulers or
BAGH, H. (-*५, S. व्याघ्रः) A tiger. governors to persons whom they thought proper So to
Bda//-mdri-inddm, H. (from S. मारणं, killing, and A. •५dl, distinguish.
a gift) A grant of land made to one who kills tigers. liah4--Maha:, H.(3a४,paper)Priceorexpenseofofficepaper.
BAGHEL, BUGHEL, H. (U५:ं) A branch of the Sisodhiya BAHAcHINA) Uriya, (Gl६॥9१) A fee or cess levied by
Rājputs of Gu2arat, who migrated to the East, and gave । a Zamindar on his temants on occasion of a marriage.
their name to IBag//tel-khand, or Iterca, the Raja of which BA-HAL, BU-HAL, H. (Usः, from the P. ba &५, according
is a Baghel. Subdivisions of the tribe, under diferent । to, and A. hdl J-, condition) Re-instated, re-established,
denominations, are extensively spread through the Com restored to, or replaced in, a former condition, restored to
pany's provinces of Bundelkhand, Allahabad, Benares, a situation or appointment. (It occurs in different dia
Gorakhpur, Kanpttr, and Farakhabad. lects, as in Tel., Bahdlu (ंOteo), &c.
BAGEI, BUGHEE, H. (A. ७ं) Tyranny, oppression, Insur । Da-hdli-8anad, H. (Aं… Jeः) A grant restoring to a per
rection, rebellion, turbulence, infraction of the laws. | son possessions or privileges of which he had been de
Bdgki, H. (A. ५*५ । plur. Badhāt e-º७५, or, with a |। prived, or confirming him in their enjoyment.
Pers. plura Dijhitin ७५a७) An insurgent, a robber, a |। BAHAN, BAHUN, H. (..,s५, बाहन, from bdhna, to plough)
rebel, one who disobeys the Imam, or civil and religious | Fallow land, land ready forsowing. IPloughing (Hariana),
head of the State. | Land that has been ploughed and left unsown (Khet
Baghdrrat, H. (A. ५-29७ं) Insurrection, rebellion, oppo- | harm),
sition to, and defection from, the rightful Imam, Wiolence, । BAHANGI, corruptly, BANGw, H. ५***ः बर्हगी) A pole
plunder, breach oflaw. with slings at either end supporting portable boxes or
BAorNI, Karn. (श्०?\७) A species of palm from which Tiri baskets for baggage, carried ower one shoulder.
is extracted. । Bahangi-barddr, H. (P. 9'9*, who bears) A bangy, or
BAGat, H. (.9%५) Name of a tribe inhabiting the district baggage-bearer or porter.
4छे
 BA BA

The ! account of, the cultivators. The word is a vernacular cor

BAHAp, Mar. (बहाड) Ground liable to be overflowed. |
tide. A salt marsh or meadow. ruption of the S. Byabahdra, or Wyacalidra, business, or
BAHARA, BAHURA, H. (9a५) A man who stands by the ' it may be a corruption of IBohra, ५. w.
mouth of a well to turn over the bucket when drawn up. | BAHoRo, BUHoRo, H. (9a) The sloping pathway for bul
Dehli. locks drawing water from a well, especially that by which
BAHAR, or BAHIR-BHUM, or -BHooM, H. (from S. bahir they return to the well. (Central Doab, from baharnd, to
। बहिर्, out, and भूमि, land) Lands lying beyond the return, probably from the S. blarama, to turn round).
willage boundaries. BAHRA, Thug. Four travellers or victims in the hands of
Bdhar-, or Bahir-odis{, corruptly, IBarirasee, H. (from S. the gang.
bahij” बहिर्, out, and वासो, who abides) A Hindu of BAHURU PfA, IBUHROOPBEA, H. (५9ं । from S. baha८ बहु,
low caste and dirty avocations who is not permitted to many, and rttpa रूपं, form) A mime, an actor, a person
dwell in a village or town. assuming various characters and disguises.
BAHERIA, H. (५9*ह) A clan of Rājputs in Jonpur and Chunar. | BAHU, S. (बहु) Much, many. Large, great.
BAHi, IBUHEE, H. &c., (_५१, बही) An account-book, a । J9ahaidaka, S. A mendicant who lives in a strange town,
journal, a diary, a ledger. and begs his food from house to house. One class of the
Bahā-khasra, H. (P. ',“* ७४) A day-book. fourth order, or Bhikshu (from bahu, many, and udaka,
Bahā-khata, H. (७५% ५*ं) A day-book kept by merchants. water, drinking water from various sources),
Bahā-mahdjam, H. (S. महाजन) A merchant's or banker’s IBahudhdnya, S. &c., (from Bahu, much, and dlidnya धान्यं,
book. corn) The l2th year of the cycle, supposed to be parti
_Bahā-patndri, H. (.9'*: ) Register kept by the willage cularly fertile.
accOuntamt. Bahuputra, or -putraka, S. (from बहु, many, and पुच:, a
BAHfN, Mar. (बहीण, S. भगिनी) A sister. A female cousin. son) A man who has many sons.
BAHIR, BUHEER, H. C५:) A camp-follower of any kind. BAHU, BUHoo, H. ७५१, from S. वधू) A wife, especially a
The baggage and incumbrances of an army : (not to be son's wife.

confounded with Bhir, H.7-५४, a crowd). BAHU, H. and other dialects, (S. बाहु) The arm ; also a
BAHIRANGA-KAGADA, Karn. (४०००d०xCoxॐ, from the S. measure of two cubits.

bahir बहिर and anga सँग, body, and A. hdjhaं $3४, । JBdha-band, Mar. (?) Association or joint interest in the
paper) A public advertisement, a public edict or procla- । property of a willage, or the persons so associated, usually
mation. kinsmen of the Patāl.

BAHIR CHALAN, Beng. (दiरिह प्रीनi*) An open pass or ।
despatch. A summons issued by the Police Darogah to
witnesses to attend the Court in a criminal case.
BAttrvAR, H. ७५५, from the S. बहिर्, out) Lands at a |
distance from the willage. (Bhagalpur).
BAHILiM, BUHLEEM, H. (**५ं) A tribe of Mohammedans
in the neighbourhood of Dasma and Meerut : they as
Sume the name of Sheikh. but have mo right to it. The
name is also applied to some divisions of the Rohilkhand
Banjitras. In the Thug jargon the name denotes one of
their Seven original clans or gangs, searcely any of whom
are to be found north of the Nerbudda.
BAHoNpA, or BAHAUNpA, Hindi, (बहोंडा, बहोड़ा) Land given |
rent free to the willage watchman, or Chaukidar.
BAHoRA, BUHoRA, H. ()ya, बहोरा) A shopkeeper, or
monied man in a willage who makes advances to, or on
4{}
Bdhuband-mirdsi, Mar. (?) Occupancy of land in copar
cenership, especially by members of the same family.
BAHULA, (S. of India) The dark fortnight. S., Much, many.
Daliulapdd/a, Karn. (०००?व्वं8) The first lunar day of
the fortnight.
BAI, BAEE, corruptly, By E, BHy E, Mar. (बाई) A lady, a
mistress, a respectful adjunct to the name or address of a
woman in general. H. Beng., (.४५, वार्रि) A dancing
girl, a prostitute.
BAIA, commonly, BAI, BWF, BAwA, BEEA, or BUwA, A.
(s- ं ) Sale.
IBad for Dai-bdt, Uriya, (G१G|६) Foreclosure of a
mortgage.
JPai bil rafi, H. (A. ७9५ 8-५, lit., sale with faith) In
Mohammedan law, Conditional Sale, Sale depending for
its completion on the consent of the seller, Also the
 BA
_
nominal sale of an article, in lieu of a debt, to be re
turmed when the debt is paid, or upon condition that the
debt shall be paid by a given term, in default of which,
the article becomes definitely the property of the pur
chaser. A contract of pawn or of usufruct.
JDai Dil rafaddr, H. (P. 9le, who has) A person having
the use of an article conditionally sold to him in acguit
tance of a debt.
Bat l4 kal4mi, A. (lit., sale without (ld, }) words (,•ls),
Absolute sale.
Dainiaddi, H. (A..se५० &५)Conditional or eventualsale.
-79at mahd8a, also IBai mukdyaga, A. (**५, and & ०५.०,
balancing accounts, or A4ं७.०, proposing an exchange)
Sale or exchange of one article for another, Sale of goods
for goods, barter. Sale or transfer of property by a hus
band in liduidation of dower due to the wife.
Bat n4ma, H. A. (P. &०५, a document) A deed of sale.
_Bai pattd, H. &c., (ं, lease) A lease or Sub-lease ob
tained by purchase.
JPai sultdni, H. (A. ७५el~) Sale of lands or other property
by order of Government.
Bai taljih, H. (A. 3*)A fictitious or temporary sale.
JBdia, IB4/d, or IBd/i, IBayde, H. (A. e५) A seller.
Bai ddr, H. A. ()'e e:) A purchaser, a possessor by । BAINI)f, H. (.3ं-५,`वंडी) Throwing up water from a pond
purchase.
BAiANA, or BAwANA, `corruptly, BAINA, or BwNA, H. (A.
७५-५) BAWANA, Mar. बयाणा) Earnest money.
BAI, BAEE, Thug. A freduented road.
BAIALI, BwALI, Mar. (?) An indefinite land measure, ईth
of a httn,
BAID, BAIDwA, corruptly, BAw D, H. Beng. (from S. वैद्य:)
A physician, a man of the medical caste.
BAIGAR, BrGAR, H. ७५%A:) A name of the Kharicar tribe.
BAIHARIA, Thug. A scout, a spy (used by the river Thugs).
BArKHAT, H. (c4-4ं) Sale. (East Oudh and Benaresः it
may perhaps be derived from the H. bikma, to sell,
rather than from the A. bd? 8-*ं),
BAIKUNTH, corruptly, IBWKONT, BwKONTAH, H. (S. वैकुण्द:)
The heaven of Wishnu. Pits in which, in the time of •7af- ।
.fir K7an, revenue defaulters were confined until they ।
paid the demands against them.
BAIL, or BEw L, Thug. A spot chosen for burying those who ।
have been strangled.
| the descendants of Salicdhana, king of that city A. D. 78,
BAILHA, Thug. The person who selects the spot where the |
murder is to be committed.
47
BA
_Bailhai, Thug. The office of selecting the spot where the
crime is to be perpetrated
BAIL, BwL, H. Beng. Mar. (Uं, बेल, S. बलिवडै:) Abullock.
JDail-bejari, Mar. (बैलबेगारी) Bullocks impressed for pub
lic service, or a tax in commutation.
JPail-dām, Mar. (बैलदाम) A duty or tax formerly levied
on the sale of bullocks.
BAILU, Karn. (ं8eo) A plain, an open field, especially
Such a field as is best fitted for rice cultivation, lying
low, and having abundance of water. The first sort of
rice-land, producing in general two crops of rice and one
of dry grain or vegetables, or sometimes even three crops
of rice in the year. It also means waste, uncultivated.
JBailusime, Karn. (ंbeoठै९्) Open or champaign
country, in opposition to hilly.
Bailukammdr, Karn. (ं8beoठै०Coव्&) A class of
blacksmiths who work in the open air. Mysore.
BAIMATRA, or IBAIMATREwA, IBeng. (S.द्वदष्मांज, देवष्मांटजप).A
brother by a different mother (also Bai- or Wai-maitura).
BAIN, Beng. (दश्नं, S. भगिनी) A sister.
Dainjhi, Beng. (ददेश्मरिं) A sister’s daughter.
Bainpo, Beng. (वटेश्मट*i) A sister’s son.
| BAINSI, BwNSBE, H. (_s“ं) A subdivision of the Gujar tribe.
or reservoir with a basket for irrigation.
BAIPrTRA, Beng. (देवश्रिज, S वैपिच:) A brother by a different
father.
BAIRAGf, BwRAGEE, corruptly, BAIRAGO IE, By RAGHEE, H.
but occuring in most dialects, (L' ं, S. Wairdji वैरागी,
lit., one devoid of passion) A Hindu religious mendicant,
mostcorrectly, one attached to the worship of Wishnu, but the
term is indiscriminately applied to different classes of
vagrants professing a religious life.
BAIs,corruptly, BICE, BwsE, or BHyCE,H. &c., (U~ ं, S. बेस,
S. Waisya वैश्यः) The Hindu of the third order, whose
especial duties are agriculture and trade.
BAIS, BEIS, H. (U~ं । बैस) A numerous tribe of Rājputs
_ found in Oudh, in which they give name to the dis
trict. They are also numerous in the Company's terri
tories in the north-west provinces of IBaismudra. Their
traditions are very remarkable. They refer their origin
to Munji-Paithan in the Dakhim, and assert that the
। 860 clans into which they are said to be subdivided are
giving name to the Sttka era, by as many of his
 BA
wives. They are included amongst the thirty-six royal
races, and may intermarry with Chouhdins, JKachmodhas,
and other eminent Rajput tribes. The branch of them named
Tilak-Chandra (i. e. having the moon for their 'tilaka,’ |
or frontal mark), residing at Dundia-khera, and their
nearest of kin, hold themselves superior to the other di
visions, and profess to give their daughters to mone but
the very purest races, There is reason to suspect that, in
the Oudh territory at least, they practice female infanticide.
BAisAk, BysUK, H. (c4-५.g) A spot in a Jangal where
cattle are sent to graZe (Dehli). The term is also ap
plied to old and worn out animals.
BAisAKH, BysAkH, corruptly, BEsAK, and BEIsAK, H. &c.,
(*५~ं , S. बेशाख:) . The first month of the luni-solar
year of the Hindus (April, May)
BAISHINAw, BysHINAw, H. &c., in Beng. and Uriya pro- ।
nounced BoISHNoB, C ;.*५,देवषवद, S. paishnaca वैष्णव:,
. from Wishgu विष्णु:) Any Hindu professing the preferential
worship of Vishnu, of whom there are many sects. The
term is commonly applied to vagrant mendicants bearing | service.
the marks and insignia of Wishnu, and repeating hymns BAITHARouGAR, Mar. (बैठारोजगार, from baitha, sitting,
in honour of his Acatdrs, especially Itdma and Krishna.
Baishnacottar, or. Boishnobottar, most corruptly, IBasto
mittur, H. &c., (,ं,ं-५, दष्ट्वङ्खिन्नः) Lands granted rent
free to the worshippers of Wishau, epecially of the men
dicant orders.
BAIT, BwT, corruptly, BEIT, BIET, H. (A. ५- ं) A resi
dence in general, a place of abode, a house or office. In
Mohammedan law, the simplest kind of residence, or any
roofed chamber surrounded by walls, and having an en
trance or door.
BArr-UL-MAL H. (A. ५--~ं, place or office, J५० Jl al-ndl,
the treasure or revenue) The public treasury or exche
duer, into which payments on warious accounts are made,
and, according to the sources whence they are derived,
applicable to the support of different classes of persons.
The principal sources are, I. Duties on merchandise
which, after paying the officers employed in the collection,
should be applied to the support of the poor and desti
tute ; 2. The fifth of the spoil taken in war, and the pro
duce of mines and of treasure trove, to be applied to the
support oforphans, paupers, and travellers; :}. The amount
of the tax and tribute levied from unbelievers, from which
the salaries of magistrates, the pay of teachers, students,
and soldiers, and the expense of public works are to be
48
BA
defrayed ; and 4. Property escheated, or for which there
is no owner, and also the fines for manslaughter and
murder, which is to be expended on the maintenance of
the sick, the poor, and foundling children. The Sultan
may take from the Bait-ul-mail the necessary expenses of
the State, but not forhis personal use. "The Bait-al-m4lis
not the property of the ruling power, but that ofall Mo
hammedans, for whose beneft it should be administered.”
The term is sometimes erroneously confounded with IBe
tam-mail, d. w., and rendered an escheat, or the escheat
and place of deposit are confounded. One or other has
misled the Marāthas, as the term occurs in Mr. Elphin
stone's Report, IBait-al-mdil, Escheats-Sel. iv. l66.
BAirH, H. &c., (ंa५) Walue of the Government share of the
produce of land.
BArrHAR, BvTHUK, H. (v4-'ं.५, S. बैठक) A place where
people sit together, a solemn assembly, the customary
public seat of a religious mendicant.
BAITHAPAGAR, Mar. (बैठापगार) Pay without exaction of
abiding, and the vernacular form of the Pers. ro2gdir
99}}/ * service) Service or occupation that does not re
quire departure from home.
BAryA, BvA, H. (Uं) A person appointed in ba2ars to
measure grain. (Lower Doab and Bundelkhand).
Bai/di, H. (.s'ं) The perguisite of the Baiya, or fee for
measuring grain.
BAIZ, H. (A. C4५) A sort of cypher or monogram formerly
affixed to a written paper in place of a signature by
Mohammedan functionaries and persons of rank.
Baiºdina, H. (ंL4५) Fee to a magistrate or public officer
for affixing his cypher to a deed or document.
BAJ, H. (P. ह-५) Tax, toll, tribute.
Bijgir, H. (P. Aं-५) A tax-gatherer, a collector of tri
bute or revenue.
BAJANI, Thug. A gun.
BAJANTARI, BAJUNTUREE, also BAJA-wALA, H. (from baija
५-५, a musical instrument, S. ctidya वाद्य) A musician,
a willage musician.
JBdjantarā-mahdl, H. (J-* ५.9***-५) A tax under the
Mohammedan Government imposed upon all professional
singers, dancers, and musicians.
BAJAR,Beng. Mar. (बाजार) Tel. Karn. BADZARU, (य`व्ञका' ँ9)
A market (vermacular corruption of the Pers. bd24r).
 BA
BiuE, Mar. Beng. Uriya, (बाजे), Tel. Karn., BAJA, or BAJI,
(य्*ed', 'य' ं) Some, several, miscellaneous vernacular)
corruption of IBagi, ५. v.
B4je-4rdji, Uriya, (G|G१टll6.|१) An estate or Taluk,
the lands belonging to which are scattered ower a num
ber of willages.
-Baंje baib, or bdbu, Karn. (य्ऽग्छaंऽव्००) Miscellaneous
items. Rewenue derived from warious small farms and
licences in Mysore, but allowable in all Mohammedan States
(vernacular for bagi abnal).
-B4je.fasl, Uriya, (G|G१8P१RO Miscellaneous and extra
crops, as Sugar-came, tobacco, wheat, &c.
-B4je kharch, Mar. Ben. (बाजे खबे), Tel. B4ja iharchuं,
(व्य’83ांश्9ं9ह) Extra expenses, miscellaneous charges,
such as are not included in the regular account. Miscel
laneous expenses incurred by a willage. See Bdंā-kharch.
BAJHA, H. (५*ः, बझा) Marshy soil.
BAJHARAT, H. (५-9५*ं) Adjustment of accounts.
BAJHwAT, BUJHwUT, H. (***) Stalk without ear. (East
Oudh).
BAJf D, Thug. A term implying that the road is clear of
danger, and that the victims may be murdered.
BAur DAR, BUJEEDAR, H. 9les) An agricultural servant
who is paid with grain, not money. (Rohilkhand).
BAJNAMA, Hindi, (बाजनामा) A deed of surrender by a Ryot
for lands which he gives up to a farmer of the rewenue,
acknowledging what he has done. Puraniya.
BAJPAI, H. (.3५-५, corruption of S. odjapg/: वाजपेयी) A
branch of the Kanauj Brahmans. BAkHRA, H. (P. JAs:) A share, a portion.
BAwRA, BAJRI, or BAu RA, H. &c., (9-५ or .9-५, बाजरा) A Bakhri, H. (.3,*ः) A sharer.
grain much cultivated throughout India, a species of Panic
or millet (Panicum spicatum). Bijri properly denotes a
smaller kind which ripens earlier. It is also applied to
the stalk of either sort used as fodder.
BAJRA, BUJRA, H. &c., (४)*' , S. बञ्जत्र) The thunderbolt.
-79ajrdglidt, H. S. (lit., struck by a thunderbolt) Any sud
den calamity, especially if considered a judgment.
BAJRA, H. C)*ः , Beng.बद्धहl) A large boat used in travelling,
round bottomed, and without keel.
BAJU, BAJoo, Karn. (०००8े”) An open file of retainers pre
ceding a man of rank.
BA K, H. (७4-"५, from S. वाक् , a speech) An estimate of the
crop without measuring the field.
BAKAI., Karn. (ंऽब्ठैं) A low caste oflabourers from Kanara.
BARAND, H. (o-४५) Proportion of two-fifths of the crop
49
BA
which is sometimes paid by cultivators to Zemindars as
rent.
BARAR, BUKAR,H.Ok)Walue of a cropfixedby the appraiser.
BAKARA, BUKARA, H. (J,४ं) Intelligence by word of mouth.
BAKH, BUKH,Thug. The word used by the Thugs in calling to
each other to assemble after having been dispersed by
accident or design.
BAKHA,BUKHA,H.(५ं)Grasskept for pasturage(Rohilkhand).
BAKHAL, BUKHUL, Mar. (षखव्ठ) An open or clear space
in a town or willage, one not built on or cultivated.
BAKHAL, BUKHUL, Mar. (बखल) Low ground, A bottom,
a hollow.
BAkHAR, BAKHARI, BUKHAR, BUKHAREE, H. 9५*५, .9५*ं)
A gramary, a store-house.
BAKHAR, BAKHAR, BUKHUR, BAKHUR, also BA KHAL, 9*३,
*५, 9*५, S. षाखरं, षाखल) A house, an inclosure,
dwellings within an inclosure. In Dehli, a cattle shed.
In Bundelkhand and Malwa, a sort of cattle hoe, a rough।
sort of plough usually employed instead of the ordinary
plough for first breaking up the black soil of those
provinces.
BAKHAR, BUKHUR, Mar. (बखरं) A history, a marrative,
memoirs, &c.
BARHARf, Hindi, (बखरी) A round granary ofgrass, reeds,
and mud, raised on piles. Purani/a.
BAkrāpA, Karn. (०े९००) Loss by bad debts.
Bakhedi/aranu, Karn. (०:ं)००ऽoॐऽC) A bankrupt, an
insolvent.
BAKHSH, BUKHSH, H. (U**, from the Pers. bakhshiden
JAA4-5-ः, to give, to forgive) One who gives, a donor.
Gift, donation. Pay. Pardon, forgiveness ; used also in
the composition of names, as Khoda-bakhsh, Gift of God
a proper name.
JDakhsh ndma, H. (&०७ U**.) A deed of gift.
Bakshayimpu, Tel. (?) Pardon, forgiveness. (Ganjam).
Bakhshi, IBukhshee, corruptly, IPuary, JPuare्/, H. (.**)
A paymaster, an officer whose especial duty it was also
to keep an account of all disbursements connected with
military tenures, as those of Mansabdars and Jagirdars.
Paymaster of the forces, Under the Mogul system, fre
quently one with the Commander-in Chiefः
IBakshi, Karn. (०$ंA) A superior magistrate. A superin
tendant of revenue officers, Mysore.
O
 BA
Bahhshidit, H. (c“-५ॐ5’) A pargana in the Jonpur
Sirkār mentioned in Beng. Reg. ii. l79छे. The term ap
pears to have been originally restricted to villages
assigned to provide funds for the Bak/shi, the paymaster
or commandant of the province. It is now merged in
later Subdivisions.
Bakhshian--Adgen, corruptly, IBakhsiam 43am, H. (A. and
Pers., lit., the most eminent (,leel) of commanders) A
title given to four Bakhshis in immediate attendance
on the Emperor. Assignment of a Jagfr for the mainte
nance of the commanders of the forces in Bengal.
Bakhshish, H. (P. U***) Gift, donation, reward. For
giveness. In the Dakhin the term was applied under the
Mardtha Government to land, especially garden land, held
rent and tax free during the pleasure of the Government,
although rarely resumed during the life-time of the occupant.
Bakhshish mdma, H. P. A deed ofgift.
BAKI, BAoEE, corruptly, BAKy, H. (A. U*५, from tः:, what
is perpetuated or remains ; plur. Pers. ५-'AG५, Hindi,
बाकी) Remaining, continual. Subs., Remainder, balance,
arrears, especially of revenue, in which sense the term is
current in most parts of India. Also balance of an
accOunt.
Bakdia, H. (५५, A. plur. of Aं, baki/a, B. द८दश्च)
Balance of rewenue arrears. In Bengal, a tax levied
before the permanent settlement to make up for defi
ciencies in the revenue payments.
Bakdia-tauji, corruptly, tonjee, H. (५-;५|ं) Account of
arrears of revenue for any given period past.
Bakdia-bdhi, H. (._*५ ७५५, S. बकैसा बाकी) Arrear on
arrear, the arrears of the rewenue of the preceding as
well as of the current year.
Baki-ddr, H. (P. ु'e, who has) A revenue defaulter, one
who is in arrears.
Daki.jifi, H. (P. Ls५-, a place) An account shewing a
deficit or balance of revenue.
Bdhi.jamd, H. (A. 8-4--) Statement of revenue after de
ducting the balances of former years.
Baki-laifi/at, corruptly, IBaki/ kgif/et, H. (A. P. G५
५- ँ) Statement or account of outstanding balances,
Statement of surplus or improwement in any branch of
the revenue. As formerly applied to the accounts of the
salt lands of IBengal, the profit on the salt sales.
Baki khirdh, H. (from sl;*-, who reguires) A landlord,
or the Government in that capacity.
870
BA
Baiki lekha, Karn. (ट्ऽब्&ejgo, from A. G*५ , and S. लेख
lehha, writing) Written statement of arrears.
JDaki mdli/ugdri, H. (P. ८.४9'ASJं) Arrears of re
Venue.
Bdiki patrak samicttt, Mar. (?) An annual account of the
balance due from each cultivator. _
Biki-2amin, or ºjumin, H. (P. ७५-७) The balance of the
land revenue after deducting any deficit from the pre
ceding year. -
BAKIRU or BAKILU, BUKIRoo, -Loo, Tel. (ं$ंO) A state
ment, return, or report.
BAKKAL, H. (A. J७:, Mar. बकाल) A grocer, a chandler,
a gfain merchant. A cloth dealer, A shopkeeper in ge
neral. In Mar. it is more usually Baktilbdni (बकालबाणी).
BAROLI, BUKOLEE, H. ( ..*ं) A small caterpillar destruc
tive of rice crops.
BAKoT, BUKOTE, Thug. The strangler, the person whose
office it is to throw the noose or turban round the neck
of the victim.
BA KR-fD, BUoR-EED, H. (A. o.c Jं) A festival observed
by the Mohammedans on the I0th of the month Zulhaja
-the feast of the ox-in commemoration of the offering
of Ishmail (according to Mohammedan tradition) by
4braluam. Sheep, oxen, and camels are sacrificed on this
occasion, It is also termed the ld a-colia.
BAKUL-ASwARI, Karn. (?) A tax levied upon each house
in a village for the expense of peons sent to expedite the
collection of the revenue by the Government of Mysore,
consolidated by Tipu with the general collections.
BALA, and BALA KA, S. &c., (बाल, बालक) A child. In law,
a minor, who is distinguished as, 1. JKumdra, a boy
under five years of age ; 2. Sisu, under eight ; B. P0
ganda, a boy from the āth to the end of the 9th year ;
or, where the next distinction is omitted, till the lGth year ;
4. Kisora, a boy from the I0th to the I(ith year : to the
end of it is apparently the most correct limit, but some
make it the commencement. (Each of these terms is used
also in the general sense of a child, a boy, a youth).
After the close of his minority the youth is termed Wya
calidri, or Jaita, or prdpta-cyacalidra, one by whom
affairs (्/apahdra) may be conducted. Some authorities
maintain that these epithets do not apply to him, and that
he is not to be trusted with the management of his own
interests till the end of his 20th year, although minority
expires at the close of the I0th. The British Govern
 BA BA

ment has extended the completion of minority to the end | BALAGwE-JATr, Karn. (ॐ०7ं8aठऴ3) The right-hand castes.
of the l8th year.-Beng. Reg. xxvi. 1798. BALAHAR, BULAHUR, also, BALADHAR, incorrectly BII.A
Balahatya, S. (हत्या, killing) Infanticide. (Or with Bala, HUR, H. 9s"५, बलाहर) A low-caste servant, a village
fem. of Bala), Female infanticide. guide or messenger, a willage watchman, inferior to the
-BalGopal, Mar. (बाव्ठगोपाळ्) A collective term for all the ordinary Chaukidar : he is also employed as a sweeper.
people of a place as uniting in a petition to some great IBALAHI, H. (c*५) A man of low caste-a Chamdr, or
Iman, &c. Lit., boy-cowherd, in which sense Baila//0 worker in hides and leather, sometimes employed to
pala, S. vern. Baljopal, is universally current as a name measure land.

of the juvenile Krishna.
Balparresi, or -parnarashi, Mar. (बाळपरवेशी, -परवणशी,
from P. U%9}}: ; cherishing) A pension granted by the Go
vernment to the family of a Soldier or Servant who has
died in its service.
Balsantosh, Mar. (बाळसंतोप्) A particular class of beg
BALAI, corruptly, BALLAE, and BULLAEE, H. (.*५, from
Pers. }५, above (?) ) Any extra cess or tax, especially
Such as were formerly lewied by the Peshwa and Gaek
war at Cambay and Surat, of undetermined amount and
varying application. Payment of revenue in kind, or a
village where it is so paid. _

gars, or an individual ofit. They generally ask for clothes, BALAiyAPHT, Mar. (बालाईयाफत, from P. ५-5५) Fees, per
crying out '' IBalsantosh,’’ child-satisfaction. quisites.
BALA, H. (*५, बाला) A grub that eats young plants of BALAJI, or BALAJIvApU, Tel. (ॐca3, ॐ०a3ण”ॐ७) A
wheat or barley when about six inches high. caste, or individual of it, engaged in trade, a dealer, a
BALA, S. (बल) Strength, force. shopkeeper, a merchant ; sometimes occupied in agri
Bal4t-hdra, vernacularly, IBalatthdr, S. &c., 9ki', from
culture, and usually of the Lingamite sect.
बलात्, by force, and कार, doing) Wiolence, oppression. BALAM, Beng. (दiलiभ) An excellent sort of rice grown in
Any act of violence, as robbery, rape, &c. In Karnata Bengal, especially about IBdkharganj.
and Malabar, Detention of the person of a debtor, and BALAND, H. (AJ५) Name of a tribe who were expelled by
infliction by the ereditor of personal punishment to com the Chandels from the southern parts of Mir2apur, and
pel payment. settled at Manwai, where they formed a Rāj in subor
Balatkair-nebar, Uriya, (S११ºl9२, taking) Exaction, ex dination to the Raja of Tºerod.
tortion. BAI.Astr, Karn. (०४ं9) Husbandry.
Baladasti, or -dustee, corruptly, IBaladust/, H, (_ं.A.) Dalasija, Karn. (०१69x) A husbandman, a cultivator.
Unauthorised or oppressive exactions. BALAT, BALANT, or BALAT, BALANT, Mar. (बालट, बाल्ठंट,
Balbho7, H. (c3-f94.J५) Taking forcible possession of बालाढ, बालॉट) A false charge, a calumnious accusation.
another’s right. BALAwA, Mar. (?) Tax on travellers in Kandesh to defray
BAL, H. (J५) An ear of corn. the expense of keeping up guards in dangerous places.
BALAD, or BALD, BULUD, BULD, H. &e., (A५, from S. BALBAND, BALBUND, Mar. (बालबंद) The alphabetical cha
बलीवर्द्धे) A drove of cattle. racter peculiar to the Marittha language.
Baldana, H. (AilA५) A tax on laden oxen. BALBODH, Mar. (बालबोध) The Devanagarf alphabet, also
_Bal-deo, H. (*A५, बलदेव) A cow-herd. in common use among the Marathas.
JDaldiyd, H. (५A५) A herdsman, a drover. BALEGAR, Karn. (४०छ्रं7त्व्ॐ) A maker of the Bale, or glass
Baldihai, H. (.४५०.४५) Compensation for pasture ground, rings worn by women on the fore-arm.
also termed IBardaih? to the eastward. BALESAR, H. (बलेसर् ) A sub-division of the Gujar tribe.
BALADUR, (?) Awerting an omen, waving a lamp to avert BALI, BALi, IBALEE, Beng. (वiलि, दीनी) Sand (also, in this
a spell or unlucky omen. and other dialects, IBalu, ५. w.).
BALAGASHTI, also, in some dialects, BALAGASTf, and, incor BALI, BULEE, S., but adopted in most dialects, (बलि) Any
rectly, BHALAGASHTI, H. ( J***५, from IBaild, above, offering to an idol, flowers and other articles for worship.
and gashtt, walking about) A Superintendant of watch- " Presentation of food to all created beings, that is, Small
men, an inspector of police. A watchman, a patrol. guantities of grain, &c., thrown up into the air for that
छेI
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purpose. Animals offered in sacrifices, or the sacrifice of
animals, as goats, &c., to Durg6; more correctly, IBali-ddin.
Bali-akki, Karn. (from eं, rice) Rice placed on a stone
outside of a temple in Kanara, having been previously
offered to the idol. Eating it by women separates them
from their caste and families, and converts them into
courtesans, mot necessarily servants of the temple, but
connected with it by occasional offerings.
Balः-dam, Mar. Beng. &c., (बलिदानं, दनिग्न's, S. Bali,
and दानं ddinam, gift) Presentation of an offering
to a deity. When presented by the worshippers of Wishnu।
to any of his forms, the Dali usually consists of rice,
milk, curds, fruits, and flowers ; when offered to the
terrific forms of Sioa, and more especially of Durgd, it
consists of living victims, as sheep, goats, buffaloes, and the
like, the heads of which, after decapitation in presence
of the idol, are given to the priests, the carcases are
carried away and eaten by low castes. Presentation of
grain and the like to all creatures.
Balikallu, Karn. (०0ंp) A large stone slab outside of
a temple on which rice offered to the idol is placed.
Bali-hul, or -hool, Karn. (?) The rice so placed. See
JBali-ahki.
BALroHATA, Tel. (?) An allowance of grain made to the
persons who are employed to measure the crop.
BALIJ EvARU, or BALJEvARU, Tel. (ं9ळ-ऽ०&७,ंगुण’&०)
A numerous tribe of Sidras in Telingana (probably the
same as the Balajioddu, ५. w).
BALioH, BALiGHA, H. (A g५, fem. &l५) Adult, mature. Of
years of legal maturity.
Bulāh, H. (A. 89५) Maturity. Legal maturity, being
of age.
BALISHT, H. (५-4.J५) A span from the tip of the thumb
to that of the little finger both extended.
BAI.IvALI, Karn. (०४२४) A wife's dowry.
BALKA, H. (from S. बालकं, a boy) A young follower of a
religious Hindu mendicant.
BALKAT, BULKUT, H. (G-%५) Rent taken in advance.
(Lower Doab, Bundelkhand, and Benares) Cutting ofears
of corn without regularly reaping (from Bal, an ear of
corn, and latnd, to cut).
Balkati, H. (.ॐ५) A tax formerly lewied on the com
mencement of reaping.
BALLA, BUI.I.A, Karn. (ं)A measure of capacity, con
taining 48 double handfuls, or two Sers. A large land
52
BA
measure in Coimbatore, egual to 8.88 acres. Beng. (बाल)
A weight of two Itatis.
BALLABA, Beng. (दालद) A cook. A cowherd.
BALI.ALA, or WALLALA, Karn. (०，०, or ॐछ्लo) The
title of an officer under the Gowernment of Bidnur who
engaged to collect and pay the revenue of a viIlage or
district for certain fees or perguisites, and exercised the
civil and criminal jurisdiction. He had no power to alter
the assessment, or to interfere with the proprietary rights
of the willagers. In many respects he corresponded to
the Zamindar of Hindustām.
JBall4yi, or Ball4ं, (?) (In central India) The village
servant who is employed to preserve the willage boundaries,
also wood-cutter to the willage.
BALRAKH, H. (?) A person put in charge of property under
distraint for arrears of revenue.
BALRAKHA, H. (७*9५) Wages of persons employed to
watch ripe crops at night (from bal, an ear of corn, and
?rakhnd, to protect.
BALsUNDAR, BULsooNDUR, H. (AJ५) A kind of soil,
clay much mixed with sand.
BALU, BALoo, H. &c., ७५, चालु, from the S. बालुका) Sand.
Balui, H. ()}५, बालुच्चा) Sandy.
Balubard, IBalo0-burd, H. (from P. JeA, to bear, to take
away)also vernacularly, Bala-bird (बालुचूरद्), Arable land
destroyed by a deposit of sand from inundation. An item
of remission of revenue on this account.
Bala-char, or chur, H. &c., (from Bala and Char_,*-, a
shoal, a bank) Land covered by a deposit of sand. A
sand-bank formed by a deposit of sand from the waters
of a river. The name of a willage near Murshidabad,
perhaps originally so formed from the river ; whence
JBdluchar{, a kind of Silk manufactured at IBdla-char.
BALUCH, corruptly, BULOOTCH, or BULOTCH, (?) A bundle
of corn, to which, in the northern Sirkars, the willage arti
ficers are entitled. A portion of corn paid at harvest
time as a moiety of their wages to the willage peons by
the peasantry. (Although repeated in the Glossary from the
Fifth Report, and found there p. 08I, the word is most
probably a typographical error for Bulooteh, corrupt
reading of IBalute, or IBuloot6, ५. w.).
BALUTA BULooTA, Mar. (बलुता) or, as the persons so
named are usually spoken of collectively, plur., BALUTE,
BULOOTE (बलुते), or, with BARA, twelve, prefixed, BARA
BALUTE (बाराबलुते), The twelve BALUTAs, from their
 BA
being twelve in number, or, according to some, from the
amount set apart for them being divided into twelve
parts. The word is also spelled BALOTE, BALUTwA, and
BALOTwA, and is corruptly written in a variety of forms, as,
BULOOTEE, BALOOTEE, BULLooTEH, BALLUTAw, BULLO
TEE, BULowTEH, BALowTAw, &c. A willage officer or Ser
vant. The-popular enumeration is twelve, but the whole
number, by including three who may be regarded as the
heads of the village, and the twelve inferior classes, or
Alute, d. v., extends to twenty-seven. The actual number,
however, varies in different parts of India, as do the re
spective appellations : there is less variety, although
some, in the duties. According to JMolesmcorth (Mar.
Dict), the twelve Balutas of the Maratha villages in
which the system is preserved most entire, are, I. The
Patil (पाटील), or Head-man ; 2. Kalkarnt (कुलकरणी),
Accountant ; 8. Chaudhari (चौधरी), Head of the trades ;
4. Potad4r (पोतदार), Assayer, money-changer, and sil
versmith ; 5. Des-pandya (देशपाण्ड्मा), District account
ant ; 6. Nhdroi (न्हावी) Barber ; 7. Parit, (पर्णीट),
Washerman ; 8. Gurao (गुरव), Attendant on a temple ;
9. Sutdr (मुतार्), Carpenter ; 10. Kambhdr (कुंभार), Pot
ter ; II. Wasahar (वेसकर), Gate-keeper, usually a Mahdr
by caste; and, I2. Josi (जोशी), Astrologer. Most enumera
tors,however, exelude the principalofficers or administrators
of the willage affairs. Thus, Grant Duff specifies the
village officers ; the Patil, the Kulkarai, and Chaugala,
assistant or deputy of the Pattl, as distinct from the Ba
#-4 Balute, and Bdrd Alute. For the latter, see the
word Alute. The twelve village Servants he terms, I. The
Carpenter ; 2. Blacksmith ; B. Shoemaker ; 4. Mahdr, or
watchman ; छ. Maing, worker in leather ; G. Potter ;
7. Barber ; 8. Washerman ; 9. Gurao or Sitdra, atten
dant on a temple ; 10. The astrologer ; II. The Bhat,
or bard ; and, 12. The Mauldna or Mulla, or Moham
medan priest. In some places the Balute are fourteen,
divided into three classes, Severally denominated the Tho
ral4-khas (योरलाखास्'), Elder or principal division ;
TMadhala-khds (मधलाखाम्) The middle ; and Dhdhat८
khds (धाकटाखास्) Wounger or inferior ; the first com
prising the Carpenter, Blacksmith, Shoemaker, and Mahdr ;
the second, The Washerman, Potter, Barber, and M4ng/ ;
and the third, The Goldsmith, Mauldna, Gurat', Josi,
Waterman, and the Raintisi or Bhil, In the Kanara
countries these village servants and officers are termed
58
BA
49akdrru, or Ag/agdrru, or Ayang4ndlu (e०७००&) *
e०97रव्७99 , and e०७००7त्व्०ं), ५. w., and are enu
merated by Reeve as, I. The Gauda, head-man ; 2. S4
mabh60a (ळळ)ऽं8-०९x ), accountant;8.Joisa (ं,०९ COOC),
astrologer ; 4. Patta,{(ंC3ॐ.०९ ); corm-measurer, or money
changer ; 5. Kamm4ranu। (ॐ०Sooॐ ॐC), blacksmith ;
6. Badija (००x), carpenter ; 7. Kumbhara (&S०ेऽब्&),
potter ; 8. Naida (त्यं७ ँ), barber ; 9. Agasa (exं७),
washerman; 10. Bdrika (ट्ऽळe6),Onewho affixes the public
seal to public papers ; ll. Talamrdra (फै%ंव्व्ॐ), watch
. man ; l2. Niragantt or Kalarira(२ंx०83९,ठै०%ज०6),
waterman ; 18. Komihdrachakra (C०ऽ)ठव्6as&/), be
tel-nut gatherers. In the Telugu willages we have the
I. Pedda hdjpu। (ब्9ंशं) ), head-man ; 2. Karamam
(ॐ६२ंOO), accountant ; 8. Wadla-badu। (ॐं॰णःॐo), CaF
penter; 4. Kammari (sं७,०), smith ; 5. Kummari(*9ं9,०),
potter; 0. Chdikdli, (ध्ऽां) ), washerman ; 7. Mangali
(ॐ००x9),barber;8.JMadija-cadu(ं93x~ण`ॐo),A Chan
ddila, and Wetti-pddu (न्8२ं७ ), a sweeper. In Gu
टerat, the Desai and Majmuddr, properly district officers,
sometimes exercise the functions of Pat6l ; at other times,
the Pait८l is the head-man of the willage, under whom are
the Tal4ti, accountant; Sutdr, carpenter ; Dolidr, iron
smith ; Kumbhair, potter ; Darji or Sui, tailor ; Dltobi,
washerman ; Hajdm, barber; Mochi, shoemaker ; Khdlpd,
leather-dresser ; Bhangi, sweeper; Dher, watchman; Kosia,
water-drawer ; Somar, goldsmith ; Bhdt or Dilldrat, bard;
besides the Akhum, Mohammedan teacher ; Baid, Hindu।
doctor; Josi, astrologer ; Gosains, Fakirs, &e, In the Dehli
district they are known collectively as the Kamin (७***),
the inferiors of the willage, and are, the Johdr, Smith ;
Barhai, carpenter ; Kumhdr, potter ; Dhobi, washerman ;
Naiº, barber ; Kahdr, bearer ; Sagga, water-carrier ;
Darsi, tailor ; D6m, musiciam ; Dhtiniya, cotton-stuffer ;
Chipi, cloth-stamper ; Rangresi, dyer; Brahman; Pa
lahar, or Dhamuk, messenger ; Khakrob, sweeper ; IPau
raha, guide, intelligencer ; and Chandr, shoemaker.
In Bengal, and those parts of Hindustan where the village
organi2ation has been greatly disturbed by the long Period
of Mohammedan rule, the establishment of village officers
and servants is less complete, but the head-man and ac
countant are almost universally retained, and more or
fewer of the rest are to be found. In most instances the
offices are hereditary, are capable of being mortgaged or ।
sold, and āre paid by recognised fees and perपuisites, by
P
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allotments of corn at the time of harvest or sometimes,
by small portions of land held rent-free, or at a low Guit
rent. The following is a further specification of their
synonymes and functions :
I. Mar. P4til, Gu2. Patel, H. A. Mukaddam, Ka
dim, H. Chaudhari, IMahto, Mahdjan, Thakur, Jetl
rdyat, Ben. Mandal, S. Grdmddhipati, IPradhdn, Tam.
Grdmdittan, Ambalagdr, Ijam4n (S. Hajamdina), J/4
niya hdram, Monijar, Pracarttika, Karn. Gauda, Mal.
Nattdr, Naittdrā-hdre, Tel. Naidu, Ndyadu, Pedda
hdpu, Pedda-hdr or Pedda Reddi, IReddi-cddu. (These,
and the synonymous appellations of the other willage ser
vants, are not always exclusively applied to them, and many
are so applicable only in wirtue of their general purport ;
as, S. Pradhdma, vern. Padhdm, the principal ; A. Mu
kaddam, one who precedes or takes the lead, or Kadim,
elder, senior ; Tam. Ijdmdn, lit., the institutor of an act of
worship ; and Tel. Pedda-kdpu, the old or chiefman, &c.).
The head-man, the Patil (Mar.), or Patel, (of other
dialects), has the general controul of the affairs of
the village, usually assisted by a sort of willage council
of the most respectable of the community, but not exclu
sively, as any discussions that may occur are mostly held
in an open space in the willage, where all have access,
and do not hesitate to give their opinions. With their
concurrence, the head-man superintends the cultivation,
apportions the assessment, collects the revenue, either in
money or kind, and pays it to the Government district
collector, regulates the willage expenses, distributes the
quotas for defraying them, and collects the money and
pays the charges. He examines and checks the accounts.
In some places, especially in the south, he has charge of
the police, and is entrusted with limited magisterial
powers. -Madras Reg. xi, I810, Bomb. Reg. xii, I827,
sec. wi. xlix. And as willage MunsiffS, the heads of wil
lages are also entrusted with powers to decide civil
causes of small value.-Madras Reg. iv. l810. The P6
{dl also usually settles petty disputes in the village
either by his own authority or through the agency of
a Panchayat, or court of arbitration. He is the chief
organ of Government in its dealings with the village In
some places the office is hereditary ; in others the head
man is appointed by the Zamindar, or contractor for the
revenuc ; in others he is elected by the willages. In some
villages, especially those held by coparcenary tenure, their
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BA
affairs are usually managed by several of the principal
inhabitants, not by one head-man ; and ewen where such
a functionary is recognised, there are sometimes more
than one individual regarded in the same light, in which
case the eldest, or more respectable of the number, takes
the lead in transacting public business, Such a head-man
is distinguished among the Marathas by the Hindustani
or Arabic term Muhaddim ः his fellows retain the national
term of P6t{l. Where the office is hereditary, as it com
monly is among the Marathas, its fees, perguisites, and
privileges may be pledged for a loan, or may be sold.
The office of Paitāl is regarded as extremely respectable,
and Hindus of the highest rank have not disdained the
title. Daulat IBao Sindhia particularly affected the title
of Pait{l, and in some willages of the Dakhin exercised
the office by deputy, and claimed the perguisites and
rights ; and Bhairi Sal, the first noble of the Court of
Jaypur, boasted of the title of hereditary Patil of the
principality. In Maratha willages the Pattl is commonly
assisted by a deputy, the Chaughala (चौघला), who, on his
part, or in his absence, conducts the affairs of the community.
He is not known elsewhere by any specific designation.
Mar. Kalkarni, IBhoi, H. A. Kamun-go, H. Patrodri,
S. Grdma-harama, or R?iyastha, Tam. Kanakapilli, B.
JKayeth, Moharir, Karn. Sanabhoga, Tel. Karanam or
JKarnam, GuZ.Talditi, IBijal, Mal. Memaca, Memon. The
accountant's business is to keep accurate accounts of the
lands of the village, their extent, Guality, produce, and pro
prietary distribution, whether held singly or in common,
of changes of possession or property of the lands, of the
village expenses, and assessment and payment of the re
venue. He acts as clerk and notary, and often as the
scribe, or letter-writer and accountant of the willagers.
The village servants, properly so called, are,
1. S. Siftradhdra or Warddhaki, Mar. Gu2. H. Sutair,
H. Barhdi, Karn. Badije, Tel. Wardhaki, Wadla-nddu.
The carpenter and wheelwright, who makes and repairs all
the wood-work and agricultural implements of thevillagers.
2. S. Lohahdra, H. Mar. Gu2. Beng. Johdr, Karn.
JKamin/)’ (S. Karmahdra), Tam. karumdri, Tel. kam
mari, blacksmith or ironsmith, who makes and repairs all
iron-work for the willage.
8. S. Charmahdra, H. IBeng. Chamdr, Mar. Chdm
Wir, Tam Chakhili or ShaWili Tel CWoppulu-hutta
udda, H. Beng. Gu2. Mochi, GuZ. Khdlpa. A man of
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low caste, who works in hides and leather, and makes
the leather bags for drawing water, and any other leather
article for public use. He makes shoes, whips, thongs,
&e-, for the willagers, but forhire when forindividualuse. He
also dressesand tansskins, and sometimesskinsdead animals.
4. Mar. Mahdr or Mhdr, Dhep, Balldyi, IMhau,
&c. These are local names current in the Maratha and
GuZerat provinces for particular tribes ofoutcasts, members
of which are usually found in the villages. The Mahār is
the guardian of the village boundaries and lamd-marks, and
is the public servant of the head-man. He summons the
willagers to public meetings, carries the collected revenue
to the Govermment office, and acts as public letter-carrier
and messenger. He cuts wood and grass, and serves as
scout, guide, baggage-porter, and general attendant on
travellers. He assists the head-man in his police duties,
and traces and apprehends thieves. He officiates also, some
times, as watchman, especially of the crops, and is the
sweeper of the roads through the willage. Some of these
functions are wholly or in part discharged by other ser
vants, as the Maing and Heskar. The office of willage
JMahdr is generally held by one or more families ; so
that, although there is nominally one officer, the duties
are commonly performed by several individuals. The
functions of the Mahdr, are, in part at least, also dis
charged in different places by other low tribes or castes,
especially those of protecting the village boundaries, and
acting as guides, messengers, and watchmen, who are
freguently Bhils, JKolis, or Hºdmusis. The persons em
ployed to protect the roads and boundaries are also termed
Jtakh-wrdlas and Warttamiyas, whilst the village watch
man is desigmated by a variety of terms in diferent parts
of India, as H. Mar. Beng. Chauhidar, Koticar, Uriya.
Chokid, H. Dosdid, IDhamak, Goret, HIdri, &c., Tel. Pa
?/ik, Pdisbdn, Tam. Kaicali or Kdical-hdram, Tel. Karn.
Talairi, Karn. Taldicdra, also Mar. Jagla.
5. Mar. Maingl, Tel. Bdrikuda, IMadija-cadu, Wetti
r4du, Tam. Wetti/%n, H. Bhangi, Khakrob, lfehtar,
Halal-khor, Karn. Tot1. A man of very low caste who
is the scavenger and sweeper of the willage. He is also
employed as skinner, and as executioner, and occasionally
as a watchman.
6. H. Dhobi, Mar. Parit, Karn. Aydsi, Tel. Chdhali
or Chdhala-cddu, Tam. Wammun (6.4०र्राड्ठष्)ळैी) The
washerman, who washes the clothes of the villagers.
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BA
7. S. Kumbhakdra, H. Kumh4r, Mar. Kumbhdr,
Tel. Kummdri, Karn. Kumbhdra, Tam. Kuyaram. The
potter, who makes pots and tiles for the willage, and has
sometimes to supply travellers with water.
8. S. Vdjpita, H. Nai, Mar. Nhdngi, Karn. Ndida,
Tel. Mangali (S. Mangala),Tam. Ambattam, GuZ. Narti,
also from the A. ITajdm, which is also used in other
dialects, as Him. and Beng. The barber, who has to shave
the inhabitants, more especially their heads : he also bleeds,
and acts as surgeon. His wife is the general midwife.
He is occasionally called upon to carry a torch before
travellers at night.
9. S. J/otishi, H., and in most dialects, Joshi or Josi.
The willage astronomer, who prepares the almanack, an
nounces lucky and unlucky days, and the days appropriated
to public festivals, and casts mativities. The name applies
to the office, which is filled most commonly by a Brah
man, who in that character conducts the willage cere
monies and religious observances, and is known by the
terms Bhat or Bhat, Parsdi, Purohit, and others.
I0. S. Sncarmahdra, whence the Sondr of most of the
dialects, also H. Mar. Beng. Potaddr or Potddr, Karn.
JPattdri, and H., from the A., Sar4f vulgarly, Shroff
Goldsmith, silversmith, assayer, and money-changer,
weigher of coin and bullion. He declares the value of
coins tendered in payment of the revenue, and makes the
silver ornaments worn by the villagers.
II. Mar., from S., Guru, Gurao, or Pujairi, A Su
dra whose especial duty it is to clean the village temple
and deck the idol. He acts also as a servant to the more
respectable villagers, and attends their wives when they
go out. He has also to assist in the carriage of travellers’
baggage, and sometimes acts as trumpeter.
I2. Mar. (S) IBhdit, A bard, or genealogist, who
keeps a record of family descents, and arranges marriages.
He composes and recitespoems or songs on particular festive
occasions. He is sometimes reckoned one of the 4lute, ५. v.
18. H. Mar., from A., IMauldna, IMulla, Akhund,
The Mohammedan priest who conducts the ceremonies of
the Mohammedans of the willage, and acts as School
master. In some places he has degenerated into the
butcher, killing animals for Such of the villagers as
eat meat. Where there are no Mohammedans, the place
of the Mulla is filled up by the Koli, or waterman, who
supplies water to the villagers and travellers, but who is
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more usually enumerated amongst the 4lute. In Kar
nāta, the waterman, Niraganti or Kolardru, has charge of
the supplies of water for irrigation, superintending its
distribution, and preventing waste. The Karnata establish
ment, also, includes officers not recognised elsewhere ; as
the Alatigdra or Pattari, Corn-measurer, who apportions
the shares of Government and the cultivators where the
revenue is paid in kind ; and the Addila or Addija, who
superintends the cultivation, ५. v. ; also the JKomikdra
chakra, who gathers betel-nuts for the villagers from the
public plantations. For the other classes of willage ser
vants, see Alute and Vidrat-hdrit.
IBALUTEN, BALoTEN, BULOOTEN, BULOTEN, Mar. (बलुतं,
बलोतेि, the final n is scarcely sounded), also read BALU
TEH, BALoTEH. The portion of the crop assigned to the
willage servants for their maintenance, also their fees, per
quisites, or other rights.
Balute-d4r, Mar. (बलुतेदार) A willage officer or servant
receiving a share of the crop, &c.
JPalute-patti, corruptly, IBulloot/-puttee, Mar. (बलुतेपट्टी)A
cess or tax upon the shares or claims of village servants.
BA purrARAw,Karn.(य्व्ंं०) ILandin Kanara withwhich
temples were endowed, but remaining in the hands of the
original proprietors. They were not at first included in
the assessment, being considered religious property ; but
subseduently they were assessed, such share of the produce
as the temples had formerly received being continued to
them. Land claimed as the special endowment of an
officer of the temple.
BAM, BUM, H. (r:, बम) An exclamation of salutation in
passing, interchanged especially with Sttica mendicants
carrying the water of sacred rivers to a distance, who
call out as they go along to those they meet, Bam-bain
JMahddeo, and receive the same words in reply.
BAM, or BAM, H. (rः । (५) A measure of three cubits and
a-half A measuring-rod.
BAyrAL, H. (JUA४, from ५, with, and JL०, property) Found
in the possession of the thief (stolen property),
BAyrn, IBUMB, (?) A revenue defaulter, one who owes a ba
lance to the State.
BAMBETf wA, Beng. (वटञ्चि, from Bombardier (?)) A
pirate, a river pirate or robber.
BAMBHA, BAMBHEE, H. (.६:G५), An ant-hill.
BAMHAN, BUsf HUN, H. corruption of Brahman (J**:), A
Brahman.
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BA
BAMHANGAUR, H. C9***ं), A class of the Gaur Rājputs.
BAMHANIA, BUMHUNEA, H. (५५4ं), A subdivision of the
34chlui tribe, a class of cultivators.
BAMHNi, H. (c_3५-A५), Light red soil. (East Oudh),
BAsttrHA, BUMEETHA, H. (५ं-५), An ant-hill, A snake’s
hole (Lower Doab).
BAMLA, Hindi (बमला) A spring, a hole from which water
left by the inundations springs up after the waters have
retired.
BAM-MATr, Asam. (रiभभiछि) Land not subject to inun
dation.
BAM-TELE, H. ( (A***ं) A Rājputtribe in the eastern parts
of the central Doab, not in much consideration.
BAN, BUN, H. (.५, S. वन:) A wood, a forest.
JBdnaprasth, corruptly, IBamperust, H., from the S., वानि,
a solitude in the (वन) wood, and प्रस्य, who proceeds to)
The Hindu of the third order, who has discharged the
duty of a householder, and has become a hermit.
.Ban-char, Bamchur, H. (S. L*ं) A forester, a woodman.
A wild animal, one who goes or dwells in a wood.
Danchari, IBunchuree, H. (.9ं) A high jangli grass,
also called Baro.
JBandauntlud, IBumgountha, H. (५्रं; J?) Cow-dung found
in forests. _
-Bankaad4, IBumkundd, H. (l3ं७:) Cow-dung found in
forests and dried for fuel.
_Dankar, Dunkur, H. 09५) Spontaneous produce ofjangal
or forest-land, timber, brushwood, gums, wild honey, &c.
This is considered as distinct property from the general
estate or Zamindari, and as not conveyed by the sale of
the estate unless So specified. The Bankar may be sold
separately. The term is also sometimes applied to pas
ture lands, Beng. Reg. i. l804, and to revenue derived
from forest lands-Elliot..
-Bankatti, IBunkatti, H. (.* J?) A fee paid for cutting
timber. The title obtained by cutting away jangal or
thicket, and bringing the land into cultivation.
-Banotsarg/a, H. (from S. ban, a wood, and utsar7a उत्सर्गे,
abandoning) Consecration of a wood or orchard newly
planted by going through the forms of marrying the
Stildgram stone or ammonite, a type of Wishmu, to a
branch ofthe Tulasi tree (Ocymum sanctum), the type of
a nymph belowed by Wishnu or Krishna : one man, car
rying the stone, represents the bridegroom; another, holding
the plant, the bride. The usual ceremony, somewhat
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modified, takes । place,
and on the completion of the
ceremonial the fruit which the orchard is to bear may
be eaten.
JBan-salaimi, H. (from Sal4m "~, salutation) A fee for
merly exacted by the Zamindar from the Ryot for per
mission to gather the juice of the date-tree for the pur
pose of making a fermented liguor.
Bantarid, IBuntarid, H. (५ुं । बनतfया) A class of
wood-rangers formerly holding rent-free lands in ५uit
tance of police duties in the northern Parganas of Go
rakhpur. The duties having ceased, revenue has been
levied on the occupants (Bantarias) at an easy rate.
BAN, BUN, H. (७:, बन) Cotton.
IBankhard, IBiumkhura, H. ()*५) ILand on which cotton
has grown during the past season (Central Doab), and is
succeeded by a crop of grain.
BAN, BUN, (?) A division of a Patilship.
BAx, Beng. (दiम) An inundation within the influence of
the tide ; also the rapid influx of the flood-tide, com
monly termed the Bore.
BAs, Mar. &c., (S. वाण) An arrow. A fire-work or rocket.
IBa{ndai,’, Mar. (बाणदाएं) An archer, A rocket-bearer, GuZ.)
'A village watchman.
BANA, H. (७५) A vat, a large jar without feet. An iron
bucket used for raising water for irrigation.
BANA, Mar. (बाणा) The woof of cloth.
Bapataind, Mar. (बाणाताणा) The woof and warp.
BANA, Hindi, (बना, from बनानां, to make) Land dressed५
and ready for seed. Made up.
BANABE, BANAVE, Karn. (थ्9६० ँ, ४०६०:ं) A stack.
BANAPAR, H. (],*ं) A tribe of Hadubansi Rājputs, chiefly
settled in Oudh, but also in Allahabad, IBenares, and
Bundelkhand.
BANAJIGA, BANANJIGA, BANJIGA, Karn. (४०६2a3x, ४०६००a3x,
००a3x) A sect of dissentients from the Hindu system,
Lingayits, or, according to some authorities, a tribe of
Sidras engaged in trade or business : (the same, appa
rently, as the Tel. IBalajiodru).
Also IBanijaga, ५. v.
BANAR. Thug. Bad news. A road beeome unsafe.
BANASIGA, Karn,(८००ॐ७x, from श्ंं०, cooking) Acook.
BANAULA, IBUNoULA, H. (;५) The seed of the cotton
plant•
BANDU, or BAMBU, BUNBoo, IBUMB00, Karn. (&9०&9O) A
bambu (Arundo bambusa).
BAND, BUND, H. &c., (*५, बद, from the imp. A५ band or
57
BA
bumd of the Pers. verb ७*“*, to bind, to confine ; when
derived from the S. बन्ध bandh, also signifying to bind,
to tie, the word and its derivatives preserve the final
aspirate, and are properly written IBandh or IBundh,
&e., ५. v.) A band, a binding, literally or figuratively,
as imprisonment, fetters, a tie, a cord. A bundle of
papers tied together. A written contract, an account, a
pledge, a bond, an agreement, an arrangement, stipulated
allowance, deduction, &c. In Mar., also, a law, a regulation.
J9anda, Dunda, H. &c., (बंदा , from the Pers. participle
sAG५, bound, tied, and thence, in H., more usually Ban
dah) A servant, a slave.
JDandali, IBandu/, H. (P. ४.Aं) A slave, a bondman, a
servant. A term of humility in speaking of one's self to
a superior.
J9andagi, IBundu//ee, H. (U*oं) Service, slavery. Aterm
used as a complimentary salutation.
JDandah-ical4-i-Bdr//dh, (lit., the slave of the exalted
Court) A nobleman under the Mogul system charged
with the Diwani or revenue administration of a province,
and holding a Jagfr for his personal and official expenses.
JPandi, or Dandi, IBundee, (.sA५, ५.sAG५) A slave girl.
JBandi, Karn. (*०००) Imprisonment. A prisoner.
JPandirodn, IBundeeroam, H. ७';:Aं) JBandiydn, Beng.
(दनिलश्चis), A prisoner, a convict ; IBandirdnamuं, Karn.
(०००व्यं) One in custodyunder suspicion.
'{,
J9amd- or IBund-khdna, .IBandi- or IBumdee-khdna,
(Ge-oं) A prison, a jail.
_
Bandi pota, Tel. (ॐ०ॐयं७) Gang-robbery.
Band- or IBund-behri, II. (.9ं,५9GJ) Statement of the
amount of each share of the money instalment of the re
venue assessed on a willage.
IBand- or IBund-barddsht, H. (C~~'9x AJ) Account of
a share or portion of an instalment to be paid by each
member of a village.
/Band-batai, H. (.sं Aं) Account of each share of the
assessment paid in grain.
_Dand-histil), H. (--''~~ Aं) An abstract account.
IBandi, IBumdee, H. (.seं) Agreement, arrangement. Dis
tribution. Stipulated allowance, Deduction or charge, as
JBeluri-bandi, IB6t-bandi, &c., ५. w.
Jiand-ijand, H. (A. 5---) Distribution of the assessed
lands among the cultivators so as to allot to each an
c५ual proportion of good and bad lands, and to make
him responsible for a fixed proportion of both.
Cº
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Dand-ā-mudat, H. (e-º5-० AJ५), Mar. (बन्दीमुदत्) A stated
term for the settlement of an account.
JBand-ā-Sale or -Seal, H. (a compound of IBand with the
English word Sale or Seal) A contract of sale, a docu
ment executed immediately after the sale of a Zamindarf,
specifying the lands sold, the amount of assessment, and
the price.
Band-nacts, H. (Bamd, and P. mabis U“ं;', a writer) A
clerk, an accountant. _
IBand-0-bast, Bumd-0-bust, or Sometimes inverted as IBast
o-band, H. (P. ५--~५9A५ or A५*~ं), Beng. (दटन्मांदख),
Mar. (बन्दोबस्त), lit., tying and binding, both words being
derived from the same P. werb ७*“:, to bind) Agree
ment, settlement, bargain, adjustment, arrangement. Set
tlement of revenue to be paid by the Zamindar, renter,
or farmer to the Government, or by the temant to the
Zamindar.
Band-0-bast damodmi, H. (from A. •be, perpetuity) Per
petual or permanent settlement.
Band-0-bast miadi, H. (from A. e५५-०, fixed time) Tem
porary settlement, one for a prescribed time.
Band-0-bast-6-mulh, H. (A. ५4-9-०) The sum total of the
revenue of a kingdom or prowince as settled and en
gaged for.
Band-o-bast-i-parmudma, H. (G|}):) Patent or deed of set
tlement. A warrant given by the Government to the per
son with whom a revenue settlement had been agreed
upon, empowering him to make the collections from the
cultivators or land-holders.
Band-0-bast-1-8anad, H. (A. AA.) Warrant or patent of
settlement. See the last.
Band-0-bast sarsari, H. (.s)P५x) Summary and temporary
settlement.
Dau!-band-0-bast, H. (डौल, J;े , manner) Particular
statement of the manner in which the rental of an estate
or district is subdivided.
IBand-0-bast-i-Sarrishtaddr, (P. 9leं99~) A revenue
officer attached to some of the Government offices in Ben
gal to assist in making and revising revenue settlements,
and to keep and record all documents relating to them.
IBand-phanta, Dundphanta, H. (AG५.५xं) An account of
the shares of the liabilities of a village.
BAND, BUND, H., and in most dialects : (the same as the
preceding in its literal sense, but having a specific appli
cation) A dam, a dyke, a causeway, a raised bank or
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BA
mound of earth constructed to confine the waters of a
river or reservoir, or to preserve a road-way across plains
inundated in the rainy Season ; also Bandh, Dundh, or
B4ndh. _
Band-tal, H. (JGA५) Damming a watercourse for the
purpose of irrigation.
BANp, Mar. (बॉड) A field of grain blighted before coming
into ear, or of which the heads have been eaten by
cattle. The stalks of Such corn.
BANp, BUNp, Mar. (बंड) Insurrection, sedition. A band or
body of insurgents.
BANDA, BUNDA, H. (loं) A grain magaZine above ground.
BANDA, BUNDA, Mar. (बदा) Whole, unbroken, unexchanged
for smaller coin.
BANDAR, BUNDUR, H. (P. JAं) A port, a harbour, an
emporium. In Bengal, also, a market, a mart
Shah-bamdar, Harbour or custom-master.
BANDAwAI.A, BANDAwAI.Ay Karn. (४००ॐॐe, ४००ॐञव्%)
Stock in trade, capital.
BANDE, BUNDE, Tel. (ॐ०6) A fine for trespass by cattle
BANDH, BUNDH, occurring in most dialects, (from S. बन्धं ,
binding, confining, literally or figuratively) Confining,
fastening. A cord, a fetter, a tie, a ligature, a bond, a
deed, an agreement, a pledge. A rule, a regulation, &c.
See IBand, also Bandham or IBundhum.
Bandh, Bundh, or, preferably, IBdndh, H. Mar. &c., (बंध,
बधि) A bank, a dyke, a mound for confining water, or
forming a roadway ower inundated fields. Boundary of
a field or willage.
Bandhak, Bundhuk, in most dialects, (बन्धक), Tam. Bam
dagam (-्रgeti) A pledge, a pawn, a mortgage.
Bandhak-dditd, Beng. Uriya, &c., (S. दाता, a giver) A
mortgager, a pawner.
IBandhakgrdhi, IBeng. (दंशदहंभीरी) A pawnbroker, one who
lends upon pledges.
Bandhak-grahitd, Beng. Uriya, &c., (from S. ग्रहीता, who
takes) A mortgagee.
Bandhal-len4-b/akti, IBeng. Uriya, &c., (दंशकटनदं दुखिनः,
from H. UJ, to take, and S. व्यक्तःि, a person) A pawn
broker, one who takes a pledge, a mortgagee.
Bandhal-ndma or -patra, Beng. Uriya, &c., (मiभl, १ज्)
A mortgage-deed.
JBandhan, IBundhum, H. &c., (S. वन्धन) Binding, the act
or implement of binding, &c. See IBandh.
IBandham, IBandhum, Mar. (बांधण) Ground formed into
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rice-fields by damming a stream, and laying the soil
under water. A dam, an embankment. A mound raised
across a field to prevent the soil from being washed away.
79andhaird, IBundhara, Mar. (बंधारा) A bank, a dyke.
-79dindhdr4, Mar. (बांधारा) The ground adjoining and along
the course of a field-dyke or embankment.
-7Bandhdra, IBundhara, Mar. (? perhaps for Bhanddra,
५. v.) An assembly of religious mendicants convened to
celebrate the funeral obseduies of a deceased Mahant, or
principal of an establishment of the order, and confirm
the nomination by him of his successor.
JPandhāl, Mar. (बांधील) Tying up rice in sheaves.
JPandhi/d, H. (५०.A५) Raised embankment for confining
water and flooding fields.
Bandhae, Mar. (बांधणे) A gap made in the bed of a
stream to let the water through : the rubbish with which
it is occasionally stopped.
Bandhmuds, IBundhmuas, H. (Cx';PA:) ILand embanked
all round so as to admit of being flooded.
BANDHAN, BUNDHAN, H. &c., (७५०A-५) Apension, a stipend.
BANDHAN, BUNDHAN, H. (J५०cG५), also BAND'HUR, BUN
DHooR, (99*Aं) Purchase ofgrain in advanceof theharvest.
BAND'HAL-GOTI, IBAND'HUL-GOTEE, H. (A;%ss:) A tribe
of Rājputs of Chauhan descent, occupying part of Bun
delkhand and Benaudhia. Sometimes pronounced IBadhil
or Banjil-goti.
BANDHU, S. (बन्धु) A relation, a kinsman in general. In
law, a cognate kinsman in a remote degree. Three kinds
are enumerated, personal, paternal, and maternal. The
first are the sons of the deceased's father’s sister, of his
mother’s sister, and of his maternal uncle. The second are
the sons of his father’s paternal aunt, of his father’s ma
ternal aunt, and of his father’s maternal uncle. The third
are the sons of his mother’s paternal aunt, of his mother’s
maternal aunt, and of his mother’s maternal uncle. These
succeed after the Gotrajas or Gentiles.
JDaindhaca, S. (बान्धवः) A kinsman in general. A cognate
kinsman. See the preceding.
BANDI, BUNDEE, corruptly, IBANDw, H. (.sA५) Name of
a dry measure. Tel. Karn. (४०००) A cart, a carriage, a
gig', any wheeled conveyance.
BANDLI, BUNDLEE, H. (७५) A sort of rice grown in
Bumdelkhand.
BANDiti, H. (.9Aं) A kind of grass growing in rice-fields,
and used as fodder.
छ9
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BANGA, H. (UG५) Raw cotton. The cotton plant. Banaula,
q. w., is, properly, the seed of the plant; Itui or Itooee,
the cotton itself; and Kapds, the seed and cotton in the pod.
BANGA, BUNGA, H. (UG५) Soil impregnated with oily well
water, and cultivable at either the spring or autumn har
vest (Agra). Well water slightly brackish (Central Doab).
BANGALrvA, H. (५)9५) A sort of rice grown in the eastern
parts of the north-west provinces.
BANGAR, BANGUR, H. (AG५) High ground. Uplands, Upper ;
as Pamipat bdnjar, Upper Panipat, in opposition to Pa
mipat-kadir, Lower Panipat.
BANGARA, Karn. (९००ग्ज्व' ँ) Gold ; golden.
BANof, Tam. (-्रं,eी) A species of village tenure in Tin
nevelly by which the fields are divided once in every six
years among the willagers by lot.
IBangali, Tam. (–perr6) A shareholder of village lands
under the preceding tenure.
BANGKA, H. (KK५) A sort of water-beetle that feeds upon
rice plants.
BANG-KApiA, H. (५ं e-*५) A species of Solanum re
sembling a thistle-not of any use.
BANGKI, H. ( ७*ं) A sort of rice cultivated in the Be
nares district.
BANG LA, corruptly, BUNGALow, Beng. (दf*ीन', ’ probably
from Banga, IBengal) A thatched cottage, such as is
usually occupied by Europeans in the provinces or in
military cantonments.
BANGRI, BUNGREE, H. (-9ं) A bracelet, an ornament
for the wrist ; corruptly, ' a bangle.’
BANGU, Thug. The river Thug of Bengal. These inveigle
people into their boats, and, after strangling, cast them
into the water,
BANI, H. (.*५) A weight egual to eighty rupees. A yel
low earth , with which potters sometimes decorate their
pottery. The thread with which cloth is woven. Price
paid for a work. Thug., Blood.
BANIJ, BUNIJ, H. (2-AG:, from S. षणिज्) Trade, traffic.
Thug., A traveller.
JDanili, IBapik, H. (--' ं:, S. षणिजन् , Im0IIn. वणिक्) A
merchant, a trader. In IBengal it most commonly denotes
a money-changer, or banker.
BANIJAGA, BANIJAGA, plur. BANIJAGARU, Karn. Tel ।
(८०ई०e3x, ४०$2a४%, ०६०aग्ज्व्ं9) The name of a class or
sect, including several divisions, generally followers of the
Lingayit sect. See Dataajija.
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JPanchama bamajija, Karn. (ं9०ॐo ०:०ex) Merchants
and traders of the Lingayit sect.
Tenugu bamajija, Karn. (ंoxॐ ०२ex) Persons fol
lowing the business of tailors, bracelet-makers, and
speaking Telug/u.
BANIwAL, H. A subdivision of the Bahangi sect.
BANJAR or BANJAR, IBUNJUR or BANJUR, H. 9*५ुति-५०
बंजरं, बांजरः, from S. बन्ध्या band//4, barren), also BAN. H,
H. (**५), BANJARU, and BANJP, Karn. (६००&ं9,
००eं) Waste or fallow-land.
/*anjar.jndid, H. (A. A५A#-, new) Land again brought
into cultivation after lying fallow for some years.
/Banjar-lºadim, H. (A. **eं, ancient) Land left fallow
from a remote period.
-79anjar-kami, H. (from P. ham **ः less, little, deficient)
Abatement of revenue on account of land left unculti
wated (South of India).
JPanjar-landi/am, Karn.(९००2ं ँ ॐ०८ऽळ०ऽ७०) Tax in My
sore lewied on waste lands.
#anjar-lihārij-fºjand, H. (A. ॰- -,७-) Waste lands
evoluded from the rental, In Cuttack, lands which, being
waste, and therefore not yielding revenue, were sold by
the district and village officers clandestinely as rent-free
lands. They were subseduently subjected to a light Juit
rent.
BANJARA, BANJARI, BUN.JAREE, corruptly, IBUN.JARw, BEN
JAftw, BRINJAREE, &c., H. ()'st:, from S. वणिज्, a
trader). The term is most usually applied to a grain and
cattle merchant, who, with a more or less numerous party
of the same calling, moves about to different markets, and
especially accompanies bodies of troops to supply them
with corn. It is especially applicable, also, to a nume
rous tribe spread along the foot of the mountains from
Haridwar to Gorakhpur, and forming various subdi
visions, many of whom are stationary, and follow agricul
ture. They comprise both Hindus and Mohammedans,
acknowledging a common origin and affinity. The most
migratory are the IBalºurttpa IBanjairds, of whom there
are five branches, four of whom assume the well-known
appellations ofthe chief Rajput tribes, or I8ahtord, Chau
hdn, IPon’ar, and Tumdr. The fifth, called IBarha, is
said to be descended from a Gaur Brahman. Each of
these is infinitely subdivided. The Rahtore branch, for
instance, splits into four families, and these comprehend
138 Sub-branches. Some of these Banjards have
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BA
the privileges of the Chdram and IBhdit, ५. w., their per
sons being Sacred, and accepted in guarantee of engage
ments. The origin of these people is obscure : if they
were primarily a distinct race, they are now much inter
mixed.
BANJIN, BUNJIN, H. (J*t) Lands close to a village. A
weed which springs up with the kharif crop to the
height of about three feet. It is much priZed by mendi
cants professing alchemy.
BANK, H. &c., (c4-'G५, बाँक, S. वक्, crooked) A bend or
reach of a river.
BANKA, H. (KG५) An idle, dissolute fellow. A bully. A
bravo.
BANKsAL, Beng. (दंहभील, from S. बणिक्, a trader, and
शाला, a hall) The office of the chief officer of the marine,
or harbour-master.
BANK''A, Hindi, (बंकटा) The crop on the field irrecoverably
Spoiled.
BANNAN, Tam. (?) The washerman caste. Tracamcore.
BANNAN-ADIGA, (?) Tam. A smaller grain measure used in
giving grain to slaves_and labourers. Tinnicell/.
BANNI, BUNNEE, H. (Uं५) A portion of grain given to a
labourer in reduital of his.services,
Danni- or Dani-hdr, H. (A:, 2५ं) A ploughman or la
bourer whose services are paid in kind.
BANS, BUNS, H. &e, (U~५ S. वंश:) A race, a family.
JDansticali, H. (_४;५-५, S. वंशावली) A genealogy, a family
record.
BANs or BANS, BUNs or BANS, H. &c, (U~-५, U~५, S.
वंशा:) A bambu, a measure of length. A rod or bambu।
about ten feet long used to measure excavations.
JBansti, H. (U.G५, probably from Dans, a bambu) The
hollow tube or bambu through which the seed descends
in a drill-machine, usually, but not always, attached to a
plough.
IBdnsdi, IBeng. (दi*े) A frame of bambu-work like a lad
der, used as a harrow for breaking the clods after
ploughing.
Jºdns//dri, IBeng. (दf*१rीजैी) Planting a bambu in the
ground as a monument of any transaction.
BANSA, BUNSA, II. (U.GJ) A grass growing amongst rice,
and used as fodder.
BANSARI, BANSUREE, H. (.9.3५) A weed found in parts
of the Doab near the Jumna, injurious to the crops, and
difficult to be eradicated.
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Banslocham, H. (७५-9U~* S. वंशलोचन) Bambu
manna, a sort of white flinty substance found in the
joints of the Bambu.
Bainsphor, H. ()9ं U~*५) A caste who work with bambu
canes. A basket-maker.
BANsI, BUNSBE, H. (c*“५) A sort of wheat with blackisl।
ears.-North-west Provinces.
BANT or BANTAR, BUNT or BUNTUR. Karn.(&o०&ं,६००&? ँ)
A cultivator, a Ryot.
BAN', H. &c., (G-G५, from S. वण्टन), BANT, BUNT, or
BANT, Beng. (दंष्ट, दfत्र) A share, a portion, division of
property.
-Bant4, Beng. (दfत्रl) A partition, an allotment; also Hindi,
(बांटा) Tying up the crop into sheaves or trusses. Pu
ran{ya.
_Bantak, Beng. S. (दन्छदं) A share, a portion. A sharer.
_B4nt-chont, H. (e-39*- ५-4५) Share, portion, distribution.
Bantan or Bantap, Beng. (S. दंछम, रश्मि) Sharing, di
viding, partitioning. B4r{, H. Beng. (वीजैी, from S. वाटी) A house, a dwelling.
Bant-patra, Uriya, (S. पच, a leaf) Record of division of BAR, more correctly, WARA, H. &c., 9५, S. वाग्) A day of
property.
BANTRoTU, BUNTRoToo, Tel. (ॐ०ऽं)ंO) A peon, a foot
. man, a courier usually wearing a badge. A policeman.
BANUT, Beng. (वनूं) A sister’s husband.
BANwIKRI, corruptly, IBUNwICKIREE, H. (from the S. वन, a
wood, and cikraya विक्रय:, sale) The sale of an adult of
one of the agricultural classes as a slave in his absence
(in the woods or elsewhere), the purchaser taking the
risk of finding and securing him (formerly practised in
Behar).
BAN wA, BUNvA, corruptly, BANIAN, BANwAN, H. (U.GJ),
BASrwA, BANwA, BENwA, Beng. (दiनिश्चl, दीनJ,
८वन्रn, from S. चणिक्) A Hindu trader, shopkeeper, or
money-changer. In Bengal it is commonly applied to
the native cashier or man of business in the service of
Europeans. In the West of India it ordinarily denotes
Hindu merchants settled either as agents or principals at
the chief places of traffic in the Persian Gulfor Red Sea.
BAoI.I, or sometimes BAORA or BAORI, corruptly, BowLEy
or BowREE, H. (.*; ५9:५), Mar. (बावडी) A deep
well, the descent to the brink of which is by long flights
of steps leading far down below the surface of the
ground, relieved by landing-places and covered chambers
where travellers may rest and take refreshment during
the heat of the day. Some Baolis are constructed with
61
BA
much architectural embellishment, particularly in the
west of India.
BAOLIEN, BAOLIER, Mal. (?) Outcast slaves who reside in the
jungle.
BAONI, BAONEE, H. (cs;५) Seed-time. Sowing.
BAoRI, H. (.ॐ५) A vagrant tribe in the Bhattt country
and west of Dehli, who subsist chiefly by stealing. A low
caste in the Jangal Mahals, cultivators and palankin
bearers.
BAPANS, H, (U~'ं । from bdp, a father, or S. capra, a
field, and ans चेश, a part, a share) Patrimony, patri
monial inheritance.
BAPoTi, erroneously, BAPRoTTEE, H. (८39:) Patrimony.
BAR, H. Hindi, Mar. O५, बाड) A fence, a hedge, an inclo
।sure. The boundary of a field. The outer Screen of a tent.
Bdri, IBdree, H. Beng. (.39५, बीजैी) An inclosed piece of
ground, a plot for Sugar-cane or other garden produce,
also cotton.
the week, used chiefly in composition, as, Som-bdr, Mon
day ; Buddh-bdr, Tuesday ; Mangal-bdr, Wednesday ;
Brihaspatā-hdr, Thursday ; Sukra-bdr, Friday ; Sani
bdr, Saturday ; 4ditya-bdr, corrupted to I9troar, Sun
day : also, A time, a turn.
JBdr-bdr, H. Repeatedly, time after time, turn after turn,
IBdri, H. (.9५) A mode of keeping up the village watch
in some places, in which the willagers watch by turns ;
also, in the season of grinding the sugar-cane, the
working of the mill by turns, so that there shall be no
intermission might and day until the whole is ground,
the villagers uniting for this purpose.
BAR, BARA, H. 9५, 9५) A perguisite of the Ahir, or cow
herd, in milk, generally the milk of every eighth day.
BAR, H. (P. 9५ ) A load, a burthen.
JB4r-barddr, H. (P. 9'e:, who takes up) A porter, a car
rier, a burthen-bearer.
JDar-barddri, H. P. (.39le,५, bearing) Carriage hire, cost
of conveyance, charge of porterage, and the like.
IBar-batdi, H. (.sं,५) Division of the crop by sheaves
(or loads) before the corn is trodden out.
Bdr-pir, Barjeer, corruptly, IBageer, H. &c., (P. D:%५ ।
बारगीर, lit., one who takes a load) A trooper who is
mounted on a horse which is supplied by the State or
the chief he serves.
 BA BA

BAR, H. (P. ),५) A court, a tribunal, a place of audience. lands. Im this and similar compounds, however, very
B4r-i-44m, H. P. (Ale,५) Public hall of audience. commonly only one willage is meant, as, Tin-gdon, three
B4r-74h, H. (P. ४७५) Place of audience, a royal court. willages ; Panch-gdon, five villages; Stitl-gdom, seven
The court of the Mogul. ditto, &c.; each being the appellation now borne by a
.Bar-ā-hhds, H. (P. ००५- ु५) Private audience or council single willage.
chamber. Bdrah-thdkarai, H. (from ठाकुर, a chief) The twelve
Bdr-y4bi, H. (P. ५५ 9५) Admission at court, presen lordships. Twelve petty hill States between the Jumna
tation. and the Setlej.
BARNis, Mar. (बारनीशा) An officer whose duty is to affix Bdral-ncafit, H. A. (from ५-'G;) death) The twelfth of
the word बाणः bdr, to notes, bills, &c., implying that the month Rdbi-ul dn'al, on which day Mohammad died.
they are to be entered on the account-book. It is observed by the Mohammadans as a religious
BAR, H, P. 9५) Fruit. festival.

B4ramba, Barumba, H. (ं,५) Revenue derived from
the lease of a mango-orchard.
BAR, H. 9५, S. वारि) Water.
Bdrdn, H. (J),५) Rain.
Bar4ni, H. (.g',५, lit., rainy) Applied to land, it signifies
that which is watered by rain, not by irrigation, It is
also the name of a cloak for keeping off rain, commonly
corrupted by Europeans to Brand/, as Brand/-koortee
for IBdrdmā-katrta/..
BAR, BUR, Beng. (द७) A band of straw to secure a thatch,
Bdrotra, Mar. (बारोचा) Interest at the rate of l2 per cent.
per annum. The twelfth part of the interest due on any
SULIm,
Bdruld, Mar. &c., (बारूलता) A measure of I2pailis. A man,
or mun, or maund.
BARA, BURA, corruptly, BURRA, (Jं) Great, large, much.
JDar4-bh4c, H. (५५),:, lit., great price) Premium or
money borrowed by the cultivators at a rate per cent. to
be reckoned according to the highest rate during the
SeaSOn.

or to bind down a stack of Salt. J9ar८-brahmam, H. (७**): ]x) A great Brahman, used
BAR, BUR, BARGAT, H. 9}} Or ५-%, from S. वटः) The ironically to denote an inferior class of Brahmans who
Indian fig-tree, commonly, the Banian-tree. comduct funeral ceremonies, and are thereby held impure ;
BARA or BARU, Karn. (थ्ऽब्ॐ, श्ऽव्&७) Troops, a line of also IMah८-brdhmam. *.

troops. The infantry of the Mysore State.
JB4ra kach6ri, Karn. (य्ऽाळॐ ँ९o) The head-guarters or
office of the infantry.
Barºia iachar, Karn. (श्छ०ग्ज्ठं७ ँऽ०) The ca
valry office. In Tipu's time, the office of the body-guard.
The' horse-guards.’ It seems to beconfounded with Bdrgir,
as it is also written IBdrigira kach6ri (ष्ट्ऽाळb९?(९6ंतँ९e),
BARA, corruptly, BARAH, BURRA, H. (J५ , बाडा) Land next
to, or surrounding, a village ; (perhaps from Bdr, an in
closure). Land ofthe first guality, although containing a
portion of sand.
Bar4-2amin, H. (from P. c4-9, land) Land adjacent to
a village, also land of the first class.
BARA, or BARAH, H. (9५), Mar. BARA, (बाणा) Twelve.
IBAra-dari, H. (from Barah, twelve, and P. dar)e, a door)
A summer-house, a Summer palace Chaving twelve, i. e.
many, doors and windows).
Bdrah gdon, corruptly, 9aum, H. (S. ys) Any tract con
taining twelve willages (or more), with their dependent
Bar4-midn, H. (J५.०!A) Term of address to an elderly
and respectable or venerable person, also to the head of
a village.
Bard magar takdn' ं, H. (A. ५.39ं , advance) Fee or al
lowance granted to the cultivator who uses the ' bardः
nagar,’ or large plough used for breaking up new land.
Bara-Thdiku?’, corruptly, IBarra-Thakoor, H. Great
chief A title given in Tipera to the person who stands
next but one to the succession to the Raj. Puraniya.
BARA, Karn. (थ्9 ँ) Famine.
Baragdla, Karn. (० ँ7ज्ञe) A season of famine.
BARAD, BURUD, corruptly, IBURRUD, Mar. (चरद) Inferior
soil. Stony and sandy land. In the Dakhin it is distin
guished as Lal-barad, red gravelly soil ; Piiila-barad,
yellow ; and Mail-barad, hilly and stony.
BARAp, Hindi ( बारड) Division, parcel or portion of land
in a willage distinguished by some epithet, as, JPurrrdri
bdrad, eastern parcel ; Matidrā-bdrad, clay-Soil division,
&c.

02
 BA
-Bdrad sal4mi, Hindi, (from A. •'~,
compliment) A con
sideration taken by the proprietor from the Itakhmodila, or
watchman of a Bdrad for granting him permission to
be employed. Puraniya.
BARAHI, BURAHEE, H. (Lºx) A small kind of sugar
cane.
BARAHI, H. (.As),५) Land, or, more properly, the earth,
from its having been raised from the deep by the Ba
rdha or Wardha, the boar-avatar of Wishnu.
BARAr KHOR O PosH, H. (P. L*}: 9295- ५.s):, lit., for the
sake of feeding and clothing) Designation of an assign
ment of real or personal property to a person for main
tenance for life, not conveying a right of transfer.
BARAKA, Karn. (थ्०ॐ ँ) A double sack with which manure
is carried on land with buffaloes.
BARAL, Thug. Omen from the howling or appearance of
wolves, bad or good according to circumstances, but
always of great weight.
BARAyrAD, Mar. (चरामद, from P.,५, and ocal, what comes)
Export duty.
BARA-xARo, also BARA-BHApi, Karn. (श्वं७०xह,
य्ग्व्यव्यग्छं)The high orroyal road. Transit duty or toll.
BARAMATTf, Thug. Cry of the liZard, always a good omen.
BARAMDAH, BURAMDUH, H. (४ck•',१, from the Pers.J:, oft;
and ४ocal, what has come) Issue, expenditure, disburse
ments. _
BARAN, BURUN, corruptly, IBURRUN, H. &c., (J)*, षरणं, S.
carma वर्णै:) A caste, a class, a colour.
JParan-Sankar, corruptly, IBurrun-Shumkur, H. Beng. (S.
Warna-Sankara वर्णेसंकर) The mixed castes, the classes
of the Hindus other than the four first pure castes.
BARAN, Hindi, (चरन) Alluvial. Fresh earth thrown into
hollows by water.
BARAN, Beng. (वश्वंl) Betrothing of a female, making a
promise of marriage.
BARAR, BURAR, H. (9!x , षणार)Tax ingeneral,as, Hal-bardr,
a tax on ploughS. Land-tax or rent. Apportionment of BARATHA, H. (- ं,ं) Land situated amidst jangal.
revenue payments according to agreement with the village BARAUNDHA, H. (५०Aं) Cotton soil.
community. See IBlugj-bardr. Any division of shares. | BARAwARDA, BURAwURDU, or BARAwARD, BURAwURD,
See Bdch/..
Bar4r{, H. ५.9' , चरार्णी) A shareholder, a co-parcener.
One paying his portion of the assessment.
4rdg bardrं, H. (A. .4a),e, lands) Land in a village
retained by the proprietary cultivators, not let to strangers,
and paying the rent or revenue. Bundelkhand.
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BA
BARAS, BURUS, H. (U५,ं , from the S. वषै:) A year. Rain,
raining. An intoxicating preparation of opium.
JBarasdlid, IBarasolia, or Barasodia, shortened in pro
nunciation to Darsdlid, &c., H. (५J५9? • ५!;*५9? ? ५e; ५x)
An agricultural labourer or servant who is hired for a
year.
JParasauri, H. (.9%A) An annual rent or tax.
_Baras-7dnth, H. (ACG८५,१) The custom of tying a knot
on a thread on the anniversary of a child’s birth. Birth
day observance.
JBaraspadi or -pari, Uriya (?), An annuity.
BARAT, BURUT, H. (e-9५) A disease affecting rice crops.
A leather girth or rope for drawing up a bucket from a
well. (In the Dehli district) Government revenue, or a
part ofit.
BARAT, BURAT, corruptly, BERAUT, H. (A. ५-'A) A record,
a register, A diploma, a warrant, a commission. An as
Signment or order on the revenue. In this last sense it
is adopted in Mar. (बरात), Tel. (ॐय'eंOO), and Karn.
(थ्००ब्ठं) . in the latter it also implies a peremptory de
mand, or dunning for payment.
JBardtahdr or gdr, Karn. (००वर्षैग्ज्ठॐ) One who holds a
written order or assignment. One who presses for
payment.
Bardit, Burat, or, more correctly, Shab-i-bardt, or Shub
i-burat, H. (A. P. ५-',: ५--~～ , lit., the night of record,
or that on which men's deeds during the coming year
are said to be registered in heaven) A Mohammadan
festival, held on the I4th, or rather on the eve of the l4th
of Shabdm, on which a vigil is observed with prayers,
fasting, and illuminations. In Hindustan, lamps are
lighted and prayers repeated in honour of deceased an
cestors, a practice no doubt borrowed from the Hindus.
BARAT, BURAT, H. (५--',:, probably from the S. cara वरं,
a bridegroom, and rditrं राचि, might, at which season the
principal ceremonies take place) A bridal procession.
corruptly, BURRAwURD, and BIRAwIRD, H. &c., (P._r??
on, and amoardah। *99', brought, brought up or forward)
An estimate, a calculation. What is summed up. In the
west of India, a monthly statement sent to the Govern
ment of the revenue and willage establishments of the
sums payable to each person, and the increase or decrease
 BA BA

as compared with preceding months. A statement of dis | BARHAH-sADAT, H. (५-29५ -्9५) A powerful tribe of
trict disbursement. Saiads still numerous in Mu*ंijar-nagar. The Saiads
BARDA, BURDU, H. (P. se,५) A slave, a captive. of Barh furnished many persons of note to the Court of
IBarda or Burdu.farosh, H. (P. C%9A , a seller) A slave Dehli from the reign of Akbar to that of Farokhsfr.
dealer.
BARHAwAN, BURHAwUN, H. (७७)ं) A cake of cow-dung
BARpt or BARpt, H. ('9:, ॰ंx) Light stony and sandy | placed on the top of a heap of corn to protect it against
soil. an evil eye, and to secure it good luck.
BARDASHT, H. (from P.A, on, and ५-~～le, what has) Stores, BARHI, BURHEE, H. (.*9ं , S. oriddhā वृडि) Profit, increase,
Supplies. interest.

IBardasht-khdna, H. (P. AGle-) A temporary store-house, Baphi, IBarhee, H. (.*छ५) Interest in kind upon seed
or houses for preserwing supplies for travellers or troops. grain.
North-west Provinces. BARHIA, BURHrvA, H. (५BA) A sugar-mill stone. A species
BAREHTA, H. (ंa',५) Land of the third guality on which of pulse (Eastern Oudh). A grain measure of one seer,
Sugar-cane has been lately grown. or, in some places, one and a-half A small clan of
BAREJ, BAREJA, H. (ं,५ः')ं), Ben. BARAJA or BARJA, Rājputs.
(दद्भञ्जि) A betel garden. BARHNI, BURHNEE, H. (._ं) Advance on a contract for
BAREsIRI, H. (.9-५,५) A tribe of inferior Rajputs in the goods or grain.
Agra district. BARHOLIA, H. (५५;9ं) A branch of the Bhrigu-bansi Raj
BARETHA, H. (-ं,?) A washerman. puts, chief proprietors of the town of Barhoul.
BARGA, Beng. (वन्तः ?il) An agreement by which the culti- | BARHOTARf, H. (.9ं99:) Profit, interest.
vator engages to pay the. landlord half the produce, the BARHTI, Spelled most correctly, BADHTI, but pronounced as
latter providing half the seed, and paying the whole the first, H. (._As.५, from S. वृडि, lit., increase), BApri,
reWemue. (दiञ्जउि) Mercantile profit, gain on stock, Surplus, excess.
Barg6-it, Beng. (वङ्गभींश्चा) One who cultivates the land BARI, Beng. (दiद्वि, S. वाग्)ि Water.
on the above terms ; also Barga.jot-ddr. B4ri-gandi, Beng. (वiहि’गन्नी) An extra cess formerly
JBar74-patta, Beng. (*छ) Deed or lease by which land levied on the Ryots in Bengal, abolished by the British
is rented on the above terms. . Government (perhaps for irrigation (?) ).
BARGAN, BURGUN, H. (cः9?) Partition, share. Hoshang BARf, BAREE, Mar. (बारी) A hollow way, a passage
abad. through hills. One infested by tigers, robbers, &c.
BARHA, BURHA, H. (५)’, बरहा) A narrow channel for the BARI, Karn. (॰०9) An inclined plane sloping from the
passage of water from a well to a field, or from one field to edge of a well, down which the bullocks employed to
another. A field in which cows are fed. A rope or string, raise the water descend as they drag up the bucket. A
especially ome by which a harrow is drawn, or one time, a turn. See IBdr.
thrown over a loaded cart to secure the load. In some BARI, BUREE, corruptly, BURREE, H. (.3x) Wedding
places in the Central or Upper Doab, Barlud, corruptly, | gifts carried in procession. The marriage procession, and
Darreh (बरहा), and Barheta (बरहता), is the land of the day of its performance. See Bardt,
a township or village farthest from the inhabited portion, BARI, BAREE, H. (.9५) A caste of men employed to make
constituting the third class of land. Bdra (बाडा) is that and bear torches. 'They also act as barbers, and, in the
immediately adjacent, and Manjhdः (मंभका), middle or in Oudh service, have the character of good soldiers,
termediate. Barhd, corruptly, IBurre/, in Etawa is applied BARI, IBUREE, H. {५.9?’ probably from the P._A, ofr) Re
to the uplands. lease. Released, exempted, acguitted ; applied to a de
BARHAI, BURHAEE, H. (.s५:, S. वडैकि), BApAf, Karn. -
fendant who is released by the plaintiff from the demand
(थ्)८ऽव्)COO) A carpenter. As the name of a caste fol against him.
lowing the occupation of carpentry, it comprehends sewe BARIAR, H. 9५,?) Strong ; applied in the Purania district
ral subdivisions. to land, to denote fertile, rich, productive.
04
 BA
BARI K, H. (-49)५, corruption of Edrish L9५, from S. वर्षॆ)
Rain.
-Barik patt{, H. ( ८्र:) A statement shewing the guantity
of rain fallen.
BARIRA, or BARIKE, Karn. (ंऽळिeठै, दृऽाळeठं) A willage
officer who affixes the public seal to official papers. Any
one who applies a public Seal or stamp.
BARikr vApU, Tel. (य्*6$ ~ण`ॐ9) A person employed
to watch the standing crops.
BAFu Ku DU, Tel. (थ्’०ऽं9ं9), also BARryA wADU, Tel.
(य्ऽश्c०ऽCocooॐ७, and, less correctly, BARRI, per
haps for BARIKI) The low-caste man who discharges the
lowest menial offices in a willage, the sweeper, or
scavenger, employed also as a messenger, watchman,
&c.
BARrZ, H. (;)५) A term in accounts. The half of the left
hand page in which the balance is entered. Account of
the assessment of the land revenue on any estate, formerly
entered in the middle of the paper prepared by the Za
mindar as an application for investiture in the Zamin
darf. See Berij.
BARJA, Beng. (*, perhaps for वर्जी, abandoning, from S. वृज)
also BARJAI and BARJAT, corruptly, BARJow, BARJAUT(?).
Forcing people to purchase goods at more than the
market price. Bdijdi is said also to mean a grant of
land rent-free by a Zamindar to one of his retainers,
and an enhancement of the rents of the other Ryots so as
to cover the loss arising from the grant. (Gladwin, Re
venue Terms).
BARRA, IBURKA, Thug. A leader of Thugs, one gualified to
organiZe as well as head a gang.
BARKALA, BURKULU, H. (A*9?) An inferior tribe of Raj
puts found in Bulandshahar.
BARKANDAZ, BURKUNDAZ, subject to most extraordinary cor
ruptions, as, BURKENDOSS, BURKONDOSS, BURGUNDAss,
&e., H. (P. IBark GA, lightning, and andd2 2lAG), who
casts) A matchlock man, but commonly applied to a
native of Hindustan, armed with a sword and shield, who
acts as doorkeeper, watchman, guard, or escort.
BAR-, BUR-KU wAN, H. (७५*A) A well not lined with
brick (Oudh).
"AR-, BUR-KHWAST, prono KHAST, H. (from P._A, up, and
७*“'*-- to will, or wish) A rising up. A breaking
up of a court of justice.
BARMHoTAR, more correctly, BRAHytoTTAR, ५. w.,H. 9***9ं)
07
BA
A grant of rent-free land to Brahmans for charitable or
religious purposes.
BARNAK-BRAH.MAN, Beng. (द‘हिप्वीरूां) A Brahman who
performs ceremonies.for the lower classes,
BARNAR-MATTI, H. (L* )9, वणैरिमट्टी) Coloured soil of
two kinds, one tinged with yellow, the other yellow and
white. _
BARNI, BURNEE, H. (.3)ं) Am advance made for culti
wation or manufacture .
BARNfS, BARNEEs, Mar. (बारनीस, from Bdr, and mis,
abbrew. of Pers. mancis U~ं;' ; a writer) An officer under
the Maratha Government whose duty it was to write the
word Bdr upon original documents, to intimate that they
had been entered in the public register.
B6/’-n{s{, Mar. (नीसी, for P. ७“्y) The making or re
gistering of copies of public documents, and marking
upon them the word JDdr.
BARo, H. ७A) Name of a high jangal grass.
BARoNKHA, H. (५%A) A kind of sugar-cane with long
thin joints.
BAROTHI, H. (.sं;A) A tribe of Ahirs in the Mynpuri
district.
BARRA, BURRA, H. ()A) A rope, especially one pulled on
the l4th of the light half of the month Kidir, by two
opposing willages. The party that breaks it, or drags it
out of the hands of the other is regarded as wictor, and
retains the character for a year, when the contest is
repeated.
BARRoH, BURRoH, H. (४)7ः) Uplands on the right bank of
the Jamnā in the 2illa of Etāwa. _
BARsAT, BURSAT, corruptly, BURSAUT, H. (e-º५*, from
the S. वर्षे) Rains, the rainy season.
Barsati, H. ( Jº-2:) A disease in the heels of horses.
Relating to the rains or rainy season.
Barsati .fasl, H. (U~*_?५x) The rainy-Season crop.
The various kinds ofgrain and pulse sown during the rains.
BART, H. (e-9५, बरत) The rope attached to the bucket of
a well.
BART, BURT, H. (५-2}}, S. वृति) Maintenance, Support,
means of livelihood.
BARTAN, BURTUN, H. ( eं)?) A wessel, a bason, In Cuttack,
a Salt-sloop.
BARTANIO, GuZ. (५२०t०11न्Juu) A willage watchman ; a
police peon : a guard armed with sword and shield, or
with bow and arrows, never with fire-arms.
S
 BA
BARTARAF, BUR-TURUP, H. (P. A, off and tardf ५-9*,
part, or side) Set aside, dismissed, as a plaint ; also, Sub.,
Discharge, dismissal (from office). It is adopted in other
dialects, as, Tel. BARTARAw U (ं6७ॐं७)).
Bar-tarafi, H. (._AAe,:) Dismissal, discharge.
BARTUsH, BURToosH, H. (Uं,?) Land sown with sugar
cane after rice. (Rohilkhand.)
BARU, Thug. A Thug who is considered by his tribe as a
respectable person.
BARUA, BURooA, less correctly, IBARwA, H. (} :, बरूस्रा)
Sandy soil of inferior guality, a mixture of sand and clay,
the same as IBhttd or IBlutr.
BARUI, BUROBE, Thug. An omen from the cry of the jackal.
BARULI, Mar. (?) A measure by which the grain was
measured in willages paying their revenue in kind.
7Dakhin.
BARUNi, Thug. An old and venerable Thug female : (properly,
S., the wife of Waruna, the god of the waters).
BARUsi, H. (J,५, S. वारुणी) A Hindu festival in honour
of Warupa on the l:Sth of the dark half of Chait.
BARwAIR, H. (4-५'9x) A class of hereditary Chaukidars,
or watchmen, introduced into the south-east extremity of
the forest tract under the Sewalik hills.
BARwAR, H. ()}A, बरवार) A class of people in the north
west employed in cleaning and selling rice. A tribe of
Rajputs in Gorakhpur and the adjacent Zillas.
BARwATIWA, Hindi (बरवाटिया) An outlaw, a vagrant. See
Bhdrnatiya.
BAS, H. (C-५, S. वास:) Scent, odour.
JPas-banya, H. (५-५, a dealer) A dealer in fragrant
articles, a perfumer,
/Bds-maatā, H. (._**~~५) A fragrant kind of rice and of
millet.
BAs or WASA, H. (U.५५, S. वास:) A house, a dwelling.
IBdis? or Wais{, H. S. (cs’५ । वासी) An inhabitant, a
dweller. A native ; as IBraj b//s? or ods{, a native of Braj.
BAS, BUS, H. (बश्) Letting lands newly cleared of thicket
(Rangpur).
Basinia, IBasinia, less correctly, IBasamia, H. (बशिनिया)
The head-man of a village (Rangpur).
BAsAIyf PU, (?) Money advanced to a cultivator. (Ganjam).
BASAK, BASAKf, or BASKi, Mar. (बसक, बसकी) Tax or
toll for holding a stall in a market.
BAsANT, BUSUNT, H. (e-A.५, S. वसन्त) The season of
Spring', also (in Bengal), the small-pox.
00
BA
Basamtं, H. ( …**“:, बसन्ती) Wellow, as the colour of
spring, applied especially to the yellow garment worn by
the Rājputs when about to sacrifice themselves in a hope
less conflict.
/Basant-pancham{, H. (IBasant or Wasanta, and panchamā,
the fifth, from the S. पञ्चमी) The vernal festival of the
Hindus on the fifth lunar day of Mdgh; formerly ob
served as the beginning of the spring.
BASAT or BASAT, H. (५-५५,७--~~५, from S. वस, to dwell)
Inhabited, land occupied and cultivated.
BAsAURi, H. (.9ु५.५, बसावरी) Ground-rent, rent paid
for the ground on which the huts of a willage are erected
by such of the inhabitants as do not cultivate the village
lands.
BASAwA, Mar. (बसवा), BAsAwApU or BASAwANNA, Tel.
(०००ॐॐ०, ०००ॐॐं9), Karn. (९००२) The sacred
bull-the vehicle of Sica ; also a proper mame, that of
the first teacher of the Lingayit sect.
BASAwi, Mar. (बसवी), BAstwl, Tel. Karn. (०७२) A pros
titute, but especially one who has been married or dedi
cated to the deity Sica, and waits upon the idol. They are
also called Lingd basacis, Garuda basacis, &c., accord
ing to the deity to whose service they are dedicated.
BAsGAT, H. (c~~:, बसगत्) Homestead. The site of a
willage, the extent of which is to be deducted from the
lands paying rewenue.
BAsGrwA, Hindi (बाशगिया) Crops being choked and de
stroyed by weeds.
BASIAN, H. (७५५०५) A branch of the Gaur-taga tribe, ५. v.
BASiKAT, IBUSEEKUT, H. (cº-*४~:, from S. वस, to dwell)
Inhabited, peopled.
BA5INGA, Mar. (बाशिंगा or बासिंगा) An ornament of gilded
paper, Silk, or other material in the form of a diadem,
placed upon the heads of the bride and bridegroom on
the second day of the marriage ceremony : it is supposed
to counteract the effects of the evil eye.
BAsiT, BUsEET, inaccurately, BURsEET, H. (५-५५, बसीत्)
The head-man of a willage, the Mukaddam, or Patil.
BASTA, IBUSTA, H. (ं॰५, the past part. of the P. verb JA.५.
to bind) A parcel, a bundle, a bale. A cloth in which
papers or other articles are wrapped up.
BASTi, IBUSTEE, sometimes written BASATI, BUSUTEE, H.
(L*“:, बसती, from the S. वस, to dwell) A village, a
town, any inhabited place. In the South of India also,
a Jain temple.
 BA
BASTU or WASTU, H. (;.५, S. वास्तु) Site or foundation of
a house.
Basta-ptija, H. (S. पूजा, worship) Ceremony observed on
laying the foundation of a building.
BAsU, Beng. (वञ्जू , S. वसु) An adjunct to names borne by
families of the Kidyath, or writer caste in Bengal, com
monly pronounced IBose.
BAsUR or BAswARi, H. 9x५, .9';.५, from S. वंश) A bam
bu growe.
BAT, BUT, H. (G-५, from S. वट, to divide) A partition, a
division, a share.
-Gatdi, IButaee, corruptly, IBetaj/, Buttaee, Buttai, IButtei,
JButtaye, IBhutt/e, &c., H. (.stं, बटाई, also, चतेऽं) IDi
vision of the crop between the cultivator and the landlord,
or the Government in that capacity. The proportions vary ः
in some poor lands the share ofthe landholder may not ex
ceed a sixth ; in the Konkan it is a half: the more usual pro
portion was a third, IBatdi-noasia was a divison which, in
the Benares district,assigned nine-sixteenths to thecultivator,
seven-sixteenths to thelandlord. The portion in kind was
early commuted in Bengal for a money payment. Beng.
Reg. ii. I705, defines " Betay lands as those of the pro
duce of which Government or the collector of its dues is
entitled to a certain proportion, the value of which, esti
mated at the current market price, is paid in money by
the cultivator of the land.” The proportion in kind is still
receivable in some parts of the south. The word is also
applied to a kind of joint interest in land, in which one
party pays the Government assessment, and the other fur
nishes the labour : the seed and implements are provided
jointly, and the nett produce or profit is edually divided.
In Mar. IBatdi means also difference of exchange. See
IBatta.
79at4%-ddr, H. (P. )'e, who has) A cultivator who shares
the crop with the proprietor.
JTisd0-i-Batdi, H. (-५०-, an account) Accounts kept
by the village accountants, in which the partitioning
system prevails, of the particulars of the settlement be
tween the village and the Government.
Batenth, H. (ं) Proprietor or holder of a share.
IBatrrdrd, IButicara, corruptly, IButicarra, H. ()';ः,
बटवारा, less correctly, IBdtardrd )'*५, वाटवारा) A share,
a portion. Division of a crop in shares. The partition
of an estate by co-heirs (Act xx. l88(). Distribution of
the lands of a village in allotments as originally made or
67
BA
agreed upon. The allotment so held which the occu
pant may let in subdivisions.
BAT, BUT, Beng. (दा) Fallow-land, in Eastern Bengal. In
common use, the IBar, or Indian fig, or banyan-tree.
BAT, H. (c5-*५, बाट) A weight. A measure of weight
whether of stone or metal.
JDat-chhdjp, H. (५-५*५) Stamping weights and measures.
The stamp upon them to warrant their accuracy.
B41-chhdjpi, IBd!-chhdipdi, or IBdt-chhdjpni : the first and
second vowels are also sometimes made short, as, IBat
chhapi, IBu!-chhupee, &c., the word is also grossly cor
rupted, as, Baad-chhupp/, IBut-chltuppace, Dut-chappa
mee, &c., H. (५५*५) Stamping weights and measures. A
fee charged for applying the stamp.
Bat-hara or Bat-lahard, IBut-kuru or But-khura, H.(s*३,
],ं) A stone used as a weight. A weight in general.
BAr, H. Beng. (ex५, वीण्) A road, a highway.
IBat or IBdtpdr, H. 9५ or )५, e-५, ५-्), IPaitpāra, Beng.
(वiछ१iज्) A robber, a highwayman.
IBat-pārd or -part, Beng. (वiछश्रiज्i, -श्रiजॆी) Robbery,
highway robbery. Gang-robbery or IDakaiti. A robber, a
thief; also, in this sense, IBdtjptiriya.
BArAS, Hindi (बतान) Place of assemblage of cattle at
night in an open field. JPuraniya.
BATAR, BUTUR, H. 9ं) ILand in a state fit for the plough.
BArAwANi, Mar. (बतावणी, from H. ५-9, to exhibit or ex
plain) A rough account of a tradesman framed from the
day-book.
BATELA, Mar. (बतेला) A boat from ā0 to छे00 kandis
burden.
BATEs, Buprºs, H. (U~ं, बटेश) A passage a pathway.
BATHAN, BUTHAN, H. (७५ं, बठान्) Pasture grounds.
BArrrrA, H. (UAं) A heap of dried cow-dung (Rohilkhand),
IBATHUA, H. (}ं) A kind of weed which springs up
with the Rabi crops and in the vicinity of water ; also a
pot-herb (Chenopodium album),
BATi or BARI, Beng. (वiर्छी, दiजैी) A house, a dwelling.
BApr, Uriya (Gu81) A measure of land egual to 20 manas.
IBaitā-tamki, Uriya (a।818G) Land paying a Guit-rent of
one rupee per Bitti, egual to 20 mitnas or bightts;
BAriA, BUTEBA, H. ('ं) A passage, a pathway.
BATIN, H. ( JP५) A tract of land in Etawa between the
Jamna and the Ghār.
BAgrN, H. (A. J०५, lit., interior, internal) Private, do
mestio. In law, Property of a domestic mature The con
 BA
cealed or internal meaning of a passage in a book of
law or religion.
BATKE,ं Beng. (दiछ८क्) A labourer in the salt-works. An
under-Malangi.
BATyff or BATNi, Mar. (बातमी or बातनी) Intelligence, news.
/Bditm? or Baitma-ddr, Mar. 9le, who has) An intelligen
cer, a Scout, a Spy. 2 dar when a daughter of one of his tenants is married.
BATNAN-BAD BAT NAN, BUT.NUN-BAD BUTNUN, H. (Uile:
ta A७५) Generation after generation : a term inserted
in a grant to denote its descent in the direct male line :
at present it is understood to imply the right of perpetual
descent to heirs general without restriction.
BAToHI, BUToHEE, H. (L*ं) A wayfarer,
a traveller. .
BAToRAN or BAToLAN, BUTORUN, BUTOLUN, H. (e9*ं ।
..}}ं) Gathering or heaping grain in one place at the
time of harvest. .
BA'''A, BUTTA, H. (ं, बट्टा), BATrA, Beng. (दीठl), BAयूTA,
Mar. (बट्टा) Difference or rate of exchange. In revenue
matters it applies to the amount added to, or deducted from,
any payment according to the currency in which it is paid
as compared with a fixed standard coin. Discount on un
current or short-weight rupeeS. A cess or charge im
posed to make up for any probable deficiency in the value
of the coin. (It is often confounded, but incorrectly, with
Bhatta, ५. v.),
Baher-batta, Mar. (वाहेरबट्टा) Diference of value added,
in opposition to 4ntabattd (स्रांतबट्टा), difference of value
deducted, in exchanging various currencies.
IBajdr-batta, Mar. Rate at which various coins are cur
rent in the baZar with reference to a standard currency.
BATTA, Karn. (०० B.) Rice before it is deprived of the chaff,
Paddy, which is probably derived from this word. Corn
in general.
। BATrA-vARTTI, Tam. (- --61-! प्रंठी) Property held in
severalty, in contrast to that which is held in jointshares.
BATTEM U, more correctly, BHATwAMU, ५. w., Tel.(ं,ंOC)
Daily allowance of food or money for subsistence.
BArrEsA-sETHI, Tam. (?) An arbitrator among the right BAwA, ByA, H. (५ं) A person appointed in bagars to
hand castes.
BATTNAUL-KAI, Tam. (?) A tribe of weavers in the Madura
and Tinnivंlly districts who have a peculiar slang dialect.
BATTI, H. (.*)
A stin for distilling spirits Acandle..
BApwAR or BATwAL, BUTwAR, BUTwAL, H. 9' ं; J';ं)
A custom or police-officer stationed on the road to collect
transit duties.
68
BA
BATwADE-PATRAK, (?) A tabular statement of pay due for
a given term to every person on the establishment of a
JKamacisddr or JMahalkarni, except the peons.
BATwoN, Hindi (बतवोन) Finish, the preparation of land for
the reception of seed. Puraniya.
BAU, BoU, H. (* , बाड) The fee or perguisite of a Zamin
BAt, Beng. (वजे) A wife. A son's wife.
BAt or BAw, BAwi, Mar. (बाव, बावी) Alarge-mouthed well.
JBdiikhol, Mar. (बावखोल) A dry well, or one partly choked
with rubbish.
BAUCHHAR, H. ७५-}ं) Wind and driving rain.
BAUL, Mar. (बाञ्जल्) Moist soil over rock favourable for
rice. Ground on the bank of a river, &c.
BAULi, more correctly, BHAULf, ५. w., corruptly, BowLEw,
H. ५.* , बौली) Settlement direct with the Ryots ; a
khds or Ryotwar assessment.
BAtixi,Beng.(दiजैनी) Hansel, the firstmoney taken by a dealer.
BAUTf JAMiN, Hindi (बौती जमीन) Lands held by the owner
of a village to give out to the Ryots for cultivation,
sharing the crop. JPuramiya.
BAtj RI, Beng. (दजेिहि) A Hindu of a low caste, com
monly, by avocation, a swine-herd.
BAwA, Karn. (श्ॐ) The son of a mother’s brother, or
of a father’s sister if older than one's self; also a man's
brother-in-law ifhe is the elder, and a woman's brother
in-law if older than her husband.
J9dicamaiduma, Karn. (यव्ॐं७bॐ०७) A man's brother
in-law.
BAwAG, BAw UG, H. (c3-%'ं) Seed-time (Benares).
BAwARI, H. (.99५) A robber by profession, one belonging to
a numerous tribe dispersed through India, and known in
different places by different appellations, but called by
themselves BAwARI. They are all Hindus, and use a pe
culiar dialect, which is said to be spoken in some parts
of Gu2erat.
BAwERA, H. (४)29ं) Sowing seed. See BoARA.
measure grain.
Daydi, IB/aee, H. (.४५५)The weighman's fee or perguisites.
BAyALU, Karn. (४००ेoeo) A field, a plain, an open Space.
BAWANA, Beng. (दiपन्ग्') Earnest-money, money given to
bind a bargain.
BAvANAkkA, Beng. (दीपनीक्', from P. .,५, relation,
and eb) event) A report or recital of particulars.
 BA
BAwAT, BwAT, H. A. (?) Inauguration. The ceremony of
admitting a person as a disciple.
BAZ, vernacularly, BAJ, H. (P.J;५, बाज) Again, back.
JP43-4mad, H. (P. ;५, again, and o-3,ि what comes) Re
turned, reported, resumed.
-7942-dmad ahkdm, H. A (,४- , orders) Return to the
orders of the Court by the head criminal officer or
Nāटar.
JB42-ddri, H. (P. ५.9'9; having) Relinguishment of a
claim of action, or withdrawal of a suit.
7Ba3-giri, H. (P. 9५, again, and Giri, from ७*ंु*ः to take)
Taking back, resuming ; resumption of alienated revenue
on lands.
_B4-ndma, also B43-i-ndma, H. P. (४-८७७) A deed of
relinguishment; one abandoning or renouncing a claim,
whether walid or mot.
B43-ydft, H., &c., sometimes dialectically modified, as in
Uriya, Bdjidft; or Bdj-्//ifta, (from the P.);५, again, and
c*५, to find, to obtain) Resuming, recovering ; espe
cially resumption, either wholly or in part, of alienated
lands, and again subjecting them to a revenue assessment.
Money refunded when in excess of the authorised col
lection. Any escheat or lapsed property falling to the
Government.
B42 /4fti, H. (P. ८_*५, a finding) The article recovered
or resumed ; a grant of rewenue, or a land-free tenure
resumed.
BAZAR, H. (P. 9}}'ं) in the dialects which have not a 2,
BAJAR, Hindi and Mar. (बाजार), Ben. (रiञ्जोद्भवं), Tel.
(ष्टऽप् eठांO), &c. A market, a daily market. A market
place. As opposed to a Basttr, a IIdt is held only on
certain days; a Ganj is where grain and the necessaries
of life are principally sold, and generally wholesale.
JB42drs and IIdts are sometimes included in Ganjes.
B42dir-batta, H. The market rate of exchange for dif
ferent coins.
B62dr- or D4jar-baithalº, blunderingly, IBa2ar-heetick, H.
(-५५, बैठक, a place of sitting) A fee or tax for setting
up a shop or stall, or for trading at a BaZftr.
J94jdr-chalam, Mar. (बाजारचलन) Current in the market, as
coin.
B424r-hharch, H. (P. दः95-) Expenses incurred for mar
ket purchases ; daily or domestic disbursements.
B4-4r-niraW, H. (P. -A)) Mar. (बाजारनिरख) Mar
ket rate of prices. Price-current.
69
BA।
B424r or B4jar-phasji, Karn. (थ्व्aछव्) ँ99?\) Tax
or toll on articles brought to market.
B4j4rroard, Mar. (बाजारवाडा) Market-place.
2 A _ _
BAZAAT, H. A. Agency, commission. See Big4at.
BAZi, H. (A. .3ं) Some, several, miscellaneous. (In the
Hindu dialects it always becomes B6ji or Baje, बाजी,
बाजे).
JBd:#- or IBdj1-bab, H. (A. ५-५) Various or miscellaneous
items. Head of a revenue account, comprehending various
petty taxes and cesses, Also IBa:{-bdhat and Bd:{-dafa.
#d:#-or bdji.jumd, H. (A. eA-) Miscellaneous revenue.
ggregate of revenue derived from other sources than the
Mal and Sair or land revenue and customs and excise:
as from fines for petty offences, fees, cesses, &c., most
of which are mow abolished.
Bd:{- or Batja-kharch, H. (A. दःA-)Bdje-kharch, Mar.,
-Bdja-kharchu, Tel., also corruptly, IB43i-curtch or hurch,
Miscellaneous expenses. An item in revenue accounts for
Sundry charges not included in the fixed regular dis
bursement- A deduction in revenue accounts formerly
allowed to Zamindars to cover their claims to compen
sation for expenses incurred in the collection of the re
venue, the repair of roads and bridges, including some
thing additional by way of remuneration for their public
services.
J8d:#-2amin or cumeem, H. (P७*9 , land) Miscellaneous
lands : applied especially to IL1-kharāj lands, or lands
exempted from assessment, and paying no revenue, or a
light guit-rent only, to the Government, held under different
tenures : according to some authorities, not inclusive of
Chitkarfin lands, or those held in lieu of pay for public
services.
bd:#-2amin d५ftar, H. P. (AGo) Before the permanent
settlement, an office in Bengal for the investigation
and registry of miscellaneous rent-free tenures.
BAZiGAR, H., or, in some dialects, BAJiGAR,BAJEEGUR, (from
P.J५, sport, play) A juggler, a tumbler ; a low caste,
living by sleight of hand and bodily tricks.
BAZrK, A. (-2;५) A kind of spirituous liguor made from
grapes boiled down to about a third, whether before or
after fermentation, prohibited by Mohammedan law.
BAZZAZ, H. (A. 2);) A cloth merchant, a draper.
BAZU, H. (A;५) A document bearing the seal or signature
of a competent officer of the Mogul government authen
ticating a royal grant.
 BA
-B42u-iःfarmdn, H. A document giving effect to a royal
grant.
BE, H. (P. ५* A particle prefixed to words to imply ab
sence or privation ; as Be-bdh, H. P. Without arrears,
paid up in full.
-Be-chhdpar, Ben. (८दशi१ह) Without a roof Applied to
the site of a village on which no huts longer remain,
having been abandoned by the inhabitants.
De-chirं'. H. (P..’ and 89-x a lamp; without a light)
Ruined, deserted, desolate (as a willage).
_Be-dakhil, H. (from d)5-e, entering) Dismissed, set aside,
not admitted ; also, ejected, dispossessed (of land).
De-ddhhili, H. (._A5-le, entering) Ejection, dispossession.
_De-damod, H. (from the A. ds;re, a plaint) Relinguish
ment of a claim or suit.
-Ge-ddn'ti-patra, H. A. S. An acguittance, a release, a paper
acknowledging the abandonment of a suit.
#e:jd, H. (P.५-, a place) Improper, out of place, unsea
sonable.
Be:ja-lºurki, H. ( ५.** distraint) Illegal distraint, a suit
for replevin.
IBe-k८7', H. (P.9४, business) Unemployed, without work.
Behdri, H. (P. ५ः96ं) An unemployed labourer. Incorrectly
confounded with IBegdri, ५. w.
/*e-kasur or De-taksir, H. (A99-4ं,A4ं) Without blame,
innocent, acguitted.
IBe-mdm{, H. P. (from •५,
a name) Nameless, fictitious,
fraudulent; as a purchase under a false name, or land
held in another name than that of the real proprietor.
Be-iodriं, H. (A. ५4-9b, an heir) Bemudrasं, Mar. (बेवारशी)
Without heirs ; lands, property, &c.
-Den’tiri:-mdl, H. A. Property that escheats to the Govern
ment in default of heirs.
(There are many other Such compounds, as they may be
formed at pleasure.)
BEB, H. (५-५५) A grass from which a twine is made ; also
called BABAR.
BEBARTTA, BEBURTTU, Uriya. Head officer of a tributary
Rāja.
BEDA or BERA, Hindi (बेडा) Ben. (८वज from S. वेष्टन) A
fence or hedge, an inclosure.
BEDI or BERI, Ben. (८दजैी) A fetter.
BEPA, BE0ANU, plur Dedarit, whence commonly Beder or
Weda?', Karn. (ॐ९ ं, ॐ९ॐऽo, ॐ९ॐंO) The name
of a caste, or of members of it, who are considered as
70
BE
outcastes, or Chandalas, and live by the chase ; hunters,
fowlers: they are considered in Mysore as coming origi
nally from Telingana.
JB6dara-ha!i, Karn. ( ँ९ॐ6०९१) A village of Bedars,
or outcastes, living as hunters and fowlers.
BEDDALU, Karn. (ंeo) Tax upon the straw of the dry
grain, the whole of which is taken by the Ryots.
BEppA-8ISTU, Tel. (व्ंं०५) The summer crop.
BEnloA, Tel. (व्ंं०x) Guit rent.
BEGAR, BEGARI, also BIGAR, BrGARI, corruptly, IBEEGAR,
BEEGARAH, BAGARAH, H. 9\ं-५, ५.9५५, from P. ८4,
and )ं, for )४, who works, S. कार) A forced labourer,
ome pressed to carry burthens for individuals or the
public. Under the old system, when pressed for public
service, no pay was given. The Begdrं, though still
liable to be pressed for public objects, now receives pay
Forced labour for private service is prohibited.
Begdrं, H. Ben. (.9५, ८द’tiईी) The act of pressing
labourers or servants, In Mar:, Bigdr or Degar (बिगारः,
बेगार्) is the forced labour, IBijarā or Begdrं (fषगारी ,
बेगार्णी) the labourer. In Karnata, IBegdri ( ँ९7रब्e) is
the performance of the lowest village offices without pay,
but reguited by fees in grain, or rent-free land.
BEHARA, Ben. (८दशंतl, S. व्यवहार:) A domestic servant, 'a
bearer,’ a palanguin-bearer.
BEHpA, pronounceable BEHRA, also BEHARA and BEHEBA,
incorrectly BAHERA, Mar. (बेहडा, बेहेडा) A document
under the Mahratta Govermment, shewing the amount of
all the fixed receipts and disbursements of the state, all
establishments, grants, and endowments, and all particular
transactions during the past year. It formed the basis of
the collections of the ensuing year. Abudget. A statement
of ways and means.
BEHJAR, (?) Cultivation of barley and grain mixed.
JD0ab.
BEHNAUR or BEHAN, H. 9;५*+} ७(*ं) Nursery for rice
plants. (Eastern Oudh.)
BEHRA, H. (])(*५) Grass kept for pasturage.
BEHRi, IBEHREE,incorrectly, BHERI, BHEREE, BEHRW, Br HRI,
H. (c.9-(*५, P. 9५:, a Share, a guota) A proportionate rate
or subscription ः assessment on a share : instalments Paid
by under-temants to the landlord : distribution of an ag
gregate sum among a number of individuals, or a monthly
collection from them according to circumstances. A sub
division of a Paggiddrं or Bhag/achdr estate being an
 BE BE

unegual fractional part of a Th6k ; that is, a Th6k of and swearing by them. Am agreement or promise satisfied
three Biswas may be divided into three Behris ; one by this oath.
containing two Biswas, one ईths, and one वैth of a Biswa. BELA, also BEHLA, H. (P. IBila, *५, ु५५) Mar. BELEऽ,
The share or interest of one of the coparceners in such (बलं) Money, or a bag of money, carried by a person of
estate. Beng. Reg. vii. I822, s. l2. rank and wealth as he trawels, for the purpose of dis
49ehri-bandi, corruptly, IBhery-bundy, IBery-bundy, or tributing or throwing among the poor.
#ehry-bund/, H. (.sA५ .9-५-५) One of the items for Bel4-bardair, H. (P. 9'9ं) An officer who distributes or
merly allowed in the revenue accounts as abatements of scatters money among the poor on the part ofa Superior, a
the collection. An allowance for keeping causeways and purse-bearer, an almoner.
embankments in repair, also for digging and repairing Bel4-kharch, H. Expenditure of a man of rank or wealth
wells and other public works, the charge of which was in almsgiving.
borne in common by the Zamindars of a district, in pro BEI.AsU, BEI.AwI, BE!.E, &g., Karn. (ंo, ॐ%२, ं%
portion to their estates and other deriw. from &छ्रं, to grow) Growing corn, a
Behrā-bardr, H. (9]* tax) Collection on shares of the standing crop.
revenue in kind. Belasdda-hola, Karn. ($ंत्येव्)ॐॐ~०e) A held of grown
JPehrā-ddr, corruptly, IBeyrydar, H. (P. 9'e, who has) COTIm.

The holder of a Share in the lands of a village. One
bearing his guota in the assessment and charges.
BEJHARA, BEJHURA, H. (),५*५) A mixed crop, generally
of rice and barley.
BEJor, H. (P. ८.3, without, and H. ५-29-, tillage) Untilled,
as land : applied also to a Ryot who has ceased to cul
tivate, and has thrown up his land.
Bejot.jamd, H. (A. 8-*+) A statement in the public ac
count of the revenue lewiable on the land left untilled.
BELBUTA, H. (ं9AA:) A bush.
BELE, Karn. ( ंॐ) One-eighth of a rupee ; also split
pulse.
BELHA, or BEwLHA, Thug. The person who selects the
spot where the murder is to be committed.
Belhai, Thug. Selection of the spot where travellers are
to be strangled.
BELKi, IBELKEE, H. C ८५) A cattle-breeder, a graZier.
BELLA, Karn. (ं2g) A coarse kind of sugar, commonly

Bejot-2amin, H. (A. ७४-७) Land abandoned or untilled, called Jagari.

as registered in the willage accounts. JBella-ddle, Karn. (ं.g०० ँ) A sugar-mill or press,
BEuwAR or BiJwAR, H. 9b*५, from Dij, 2५, seed) Per Sugar-baking.
guisite of the lower classes, consisting Tof a portion Bella-dagdita, Karn. (&gॐ7त्व्ं२) A coarse Sugar
of the seed-corn brought away daily from the fields. mill.

(Rohilkhand.) . BELwA, Karn. (ंoS) A man whose business it is to gather

BELor BiL, H. (P. O५) A sort of spade or hoe, a pick-axe.
JDelcha, or Belchak, or IBelak, IBelchu, IBelchuk, IBeluk,
(५*५, ***, ५८५*ं) A small spade or hoe.
Belddr, or Bilddr, H. ()lol.५) A digger, a delver, one BENAP, Hindi (बेनाप, from P. ८.५, without, and S. माप,
who works with a IBdl, a pick-axe, or a spade ; a pioneer,
a sapper, a miner.
BEL, H. (c)-५, S. बिल्व) A creeping plant, a sort ofjasmine.
A fruit-tree (-490le marmelos). A spot on which the re
ceiving-pams of a sugar-factory are placed. A line marked
out on a r0ad, or in a garden, to shew the direction of
any proposed work.
the juice of the Tal tree, speaking Malayalim, though
settled in Mysore.
BELwAL, Mar. (?) High land.
measuring, corruptly changing m to n) Unmeasured,
unsurveyed.
Bendip-ha-patta, Hindi (बेनाप का पट्टा) A lease in which
it is agreed between the renter and the cultivator that the
original measurement and average rates shall remain
unaltered as long as the cultivator pays the stipulated
rent.

Bel-bhanddr, corruptly, IBelbundar, Mar. (बेलभण्डार) The BENAUD'HA, H. (५०e;*५) A name commonly given to the
leaves of the Bel tree and turmeric placed upon an idol. country between Allahabad and the further side of the
A form of oath. Taking such leaves from off the idol, Sarju river, also called Benftwat.
7I
 BE
BENDE, Karm. ( ँ०&) A kind of hemp made from the
fibres of the Hibiscus esculemtus.
BENGAT, BENGUT, H. Ce-9.५, बंगत) Seed : especially
when lent for Sowing to an indigent Ryot, who is to
repay the same at harvest, with such addition as may be
agreed upon.-Benares.
BENयू', H. ५5-*:, बंट) The handle of a hoe, axe, or si
milar implement. Pronounced BiT in Rohilkhand, and
BINTA in Dehli.
BENTAGAM, Tam. (possibly an error for Bandagam, ५. v.)
Mortgaged plough-land. (Travancore)
BROHAR, H., &c. 9५*५, बेस्रोहार्, S. व्यवहार्) BEHARA,
Karn (ं$९व्ठव्& ) Business, calling, trade, traffic, money
lending. A loan. “ In law,’ legal proceedings. At Jabalpur,
a Kdnumgo.
Beohard, IBeohdrd, IBeohdriyd, andless correctly, IBahord,
H., &c. (),ं9-५, )७b9-५, ५,५99. बेत्लोहप्ा, बहोरा, S. accountant.
व्यवहारी, व्यवहारिकं) Dalār, Karn. (ंव्वव्e) A BERHA, H. (७५, S. वेष्टनं) A paling, an inclosure. BERH
trader, a man of business, a merchant, a money-lender,
a creditor. A litigant, one who engages, or may engage,
in legal proceedings.
BEPAR, H. (),५.५, बेपार्, S. व्यापारः) Trade, traffic.
Bepdri, H., Ben., Mar., also pronounced Baipdrā or
Byoptir, and written Ba/paree, Deopdree, &c. (.9५,
५-9५*, ८दश्रiक्री, देवश्रiङ्गी, बेपाग्री, S. व्यापारी) A trader, a
dealer, a shopkeeper, a travelling trader or pedlar. A
merchant, a grain merchant. _
BER, Mar. (बेर्) Second or transverse ploughing of a field.
Bf RA, Karn. ( ॐ९ऽ ) Trade, merchandise.
BERA, H. (}५) A raft, a float, especially one on which a
sort of paper and tinsel boat, with the face of a female
and crest and breast of a peacock at the prow, is set afloat
by the Mohammadans on the rivers of Bengal, with
lights and music, in honour of Khaja Khigr, on the
evenings of the Thursdays, especially of the last Thursday,
of IBhddom (Aug--Sept.), Opulent persons amuse them
selves with being rowed up and down the river during
part of the night in illuminated boats, having musicians
and singers on board. The Berd is usually presented
in conse५uence of a vow made during the previous year,
in acknowledgment of some benefit, as the birth of a child,
supposed to have been obtained through the intercession
of the saint.
BERAp, Mar. (बेरड) Alow tribe in the South Maratha country,
72
BE
inhabiting the hills and thickets, and subsisting by the
chase, and by plunder. They are sometimes employed in
police duties, and in garrisoning forts, and are also
called ftdmosi.
BERAGApU, Tel. (व्ॐ7प`ॐ०) A purchaser.
BERAJEE-KA PATTA, Hindi, (बेराजी का पट्टा) A lease of cer
tain rates to be paid by the Ryot for ploughing the soil,
levied upon the crop raised by actual measurement- The
amount paid is never to be less than that of the preceding
year, and increases with additional cultivation, according
to the usual rates (Puraniya). (The word is of doubtful
origin, and may be a corruption of Derij, ५. w. ; or of
the P. be, without, and rdgi, assent)
BERAM U, Tel, (ध्ऽॐ ँOO) या'raffic, trade, a bargain.
BERAR, H. (9)*:) In Baitul and the Dakhin the same as
the Kanungo of Hindustan, the village registrar and
NA, (tisA५, from the same S. root, वेष्ट, to surround)
means also to drive off cattle by force, to foray.
BEEf, BEREE, H. (.s9-}} , बेडी, from S. वेष्ट, to surround)
BrRi, or BE:f, Mar. (बिडी, बेङी) Iron fetters, or a chain
for man or animals. A sort of basket with two ropes, by
which water is thrown up from a pond or well to a
higher elevation, when it irrigates a garden or field.
BERI, Tel. (व्S०) The name of a caste in the south of
India, following trade, and claiming to belong to the
original Waisya caste. They also call themselves Chitti,
or, more correctly, Sheti, from the S. Sreshtht, a mer
chant ; but, as belonging to the left-hand castes, they are
distinct from the Komatis or Cluittis of the right-hand
diwision.
BERfJ, also written BARIJ, and BERIZ, or BAgZ, Mar.
(बेग्रीज) BERi.JU, Tel. ( छ6ae*) Karn. (थ्9९०ऽeं”) all
from the P. &ं ? an account) The total sum or
aggregate of an account. The total amount of a revenue
assessment, the same as Jama ; the total assessment of a
district. The items -of the assessment on a Zominddrं,
usually inserted, in former times, in the middle of the
grant, and thence identified with that part of the document
in which the entry was made, or `the middle ’ of the
paper ; also the nett revenue assessment, after allowing
for village and other fixed charges. In Karnata the
original IBidnur assessment was termed the Shist ; the
 BE
additions made by Hyder and Tipu, the Shdmil, The
two together constituted the JKarim (? Kadim) Berij,
or old or original assessment. The assessment of l8l9-20
is termed the Tarao IBer{j ’ the Sasrcata (S. perpetual)
JDer{j is the permanent settlement. The term is more
usually employed in the south than in the north of India
to express the sense of a settlement of the Revenue.
In Hindustan it more commonly referred to the entry of
the Jamd in the Zaminddri grant.
BEsAwA, more correctly, WyAwASAwA, Karn. (ं$९णळ०ॐ०,
from S. व्यवसाय) Cultivation, agriculture, farming.
-B68diyadata, Karn. (ंऽजैव्)०ऽoॐ०) A farmer, a culti
wator.
-Besdyadabhaimi, Karn. (ॐ९जेळ०ऽ७ॐं७-७२७ Land under
tillage.
BESHI, H. (P. *५५) Increase, Surplus, Increased assess
ment, either on the general account, or any particular item
of the revenue ; as corrupted, IBeeshy and IBeeshg/
mamooli occur to express the additional duty formerly
lewied on the cultivator of opium.
Beshi.jamd, H. (A. e*+) Increase of rewenue or assess
ment upon that of the preceding year.
_Deshi-2amin, H. (A. JA-७) Increase in the lands cultivated,
either by addition, or by more accurate measurement.
Separate columns are kept for this and the preceding in
the books of the willage.
BEsTA, Tel. Karn. (ट्5ं,) The name of the caste of fisher
men in the Madras and Mysore provinces, to which the
palankeen-bearers usually belong.
7Bestaraca, IBestaru, Karn. (ंॐ.ॐ, plur. र्थं,*७) The
name of a caste in Mysore, comprising fishermen, lime
burners, and palankeen-bearers. (Probably the same as
the preceding Telugu word.)
BETA, H. &c. (७५) A son, IBETf (.*:) A daughter.
BE-TAN-MAL, H. (P. ५#? without, ७" tan, a body or person,
and mndl, J५०, property) An escheat, property devolving
to the State in default of legal claimants. (This has
evidently been confounded with IBait al-mail, g. w., which
has thence been incorrectly interpreted an escheat.
BET- or BETRA-BANDI, H. (५--~५, .sAc५_A.५, from S. cetra,
वेच, a cane or willow) A Pargana or Zamindarf charge for
merly allowed to be set offfrom the assessment as being in
curred for mats or wicker work in which goods or treasure
were packed for transmission to the Sabaddr of the
province, or to the court of Dehli. (Misprinted in the
78
BE
fifth Report, and so copied into the Glossary, IBedrh
cumd/.)
BETH, H. (ंA५) Sandy, unproductive soil. (Rohilkhand.)
BETHIA, Uriya (s६०el) An impressed labourer, a Begdr{.
BETTA, or BET'r, Karn. (ं)
High land, a hill, a
mountain. The third and worst kind of land for rice,
situated on high ground, and imperfectly irrigated, yield
ing but one crop a-year ; also called BoRU-BETT.
BEwARA, Mar. (बेवारा) Discharge of business, settlement
of a debt, &c. See IBeolidr.
BHABAR, BHABUR, H. (A५:) The forest under the Sewalik
hills. The name of a light black soil in the neighbour
hood of Baitul.
BHABHUT, H. (“-29aAg, S. विभूति) The ashes of burnt cow
_ dung, with which mendicants, of the Saica orders chiefly,
besmear their bodies.
BHACHA, also BHACHRt', Mar. (भाचा, भाचरू) A nephew :
BHACHf, (भाची) A niece : the son or daughter of a man's
sister, of a woman's brother or sister, or of a husband’s
sister.
IBhachdjagndi, Mar. (भाचेजांवाई) The husband of such a
niece.
IBhdchest{m, Mar. (भावेमून) The wife of such a nephew.
BHAI)A, BHUpA, H. (lo५१) A kind of grass growing in a
poor soil to the height of little more than a foot, making
excellent fodder.
BHADAHAR, BHUDAHUR, H. (Aslo५:, भदाहर) Cutting grain
when it is only half ripe.
BHADAf, BHUDUWEE, H. (3…} भदई) The produce of the
month Bhādog ; the grain, &c., gathered in that month
Aug.-Sept.
BHApARfA, BHUpUREEA, H. (५)3a, भडरीस्रा) A tribe of
mendicants of Brahmanical descent, professors of astrology.
(Probably from Bhadra, S., auspiciousness.)
BHADAUnfA,BHADOURIA, corruptly,BHUDOREA, H. (५)*** "
भदौरीस्रा) A branch of the Chauhan Rajputs, residing
chiefly in the provinces of Agra and Etftwa, and in other
places along the Jumna, whence the tract is termed
Bhaditwar. The Raja of the district pretends to be de
scended from an ancient family, the members of which
enjoyed high consideration at the court of Delhi from
the reign of Akbar, and his pretensions are admitted by
the surrounding Rajas, who yield him precedence, and
accept from him the Tilaka or frontal mark on their
accession.
 BH
BHADBHADANA, BHUDBHUDANA, H. (UlAgea, भदभदानी)
Cutting grain when half ripe. Stealing fruit from a tree.
BHAr)E, Mar. (भाडे) BHADA, or BHARA, Ben. (जीजi)
BHATAK, Karn. ( ६ऽळ83ं) Hire, rent, price, recompence.
Bhddatakiyd, Ben. (जीजउरीपl) A renter, a tenant.
Bhadehar{, Mar. (भडेिकरी) One who lets out any thing
for rent or hire, one who works for hire, a hireling.
BHADoऽ, corruptly, BAUDooN, H. (Jyo५:, भादो', S. भाद्र:)
The fifth month of the luni-solar year (Aug.-Sept).
Bhadogic{,or Bhddut, corruptly, IBliddocey, Hindi,(भादीवी,
भाहुर्र्) Bhddarं, Mar. (भादवी) Relating to the month
Bhadog, or the harvestgathered in Aug--Sept. : autumnal.
BHADRA, S., &c. (भाद्र) The fifth month of the luni-solar
year (Aug.-Sept.)
BHADRABAU, Ben. (जiच८र्रa) A younger brother’s wife.
BHAG, BHAGAM, corruptly, BAUG, BAUGAUM, BAUGO'M,
H., but in most other dialects also, (e-४५:, S. भार्गं) A
share, a part, a portion, a share in kind : tax, duty, the
share of the Government. Share or portion of inheritance.
In Hindu law, partition may be regulated amongst the
sons according to the number of their mothers, or the
wives of the deceased, which is termed Patna bh40a ;
but this is allowable only where the usage has been long
established as the custom of the family. The more regular
distribution is according to the number of sons (putra),
thence denominated Putra-bhdja. See Wibhdaja.
Bh40-batdi corruptly, Blugnuttee, H. (.stं ce-itg,
भागबटाई) Apportionment of shares of the crop in kind
between the cultivator and the Government.
Bhdj-batti (?) IBhdgacati, (from S. Bhdja, share, and
the possessive particle cat{, belonging to, or possessed
of). In GuZerat, division of the crop in kind, the
Government taking one-half of the crop in the rainy
season, and from one-third to one-fifth of that in the dry
season, if the land be irrigated; (probably an error for
the preceding).
Bhagddr, corruptly, IBauddar, H. (9'o*५:, भागदार)
Bhagiddr, Gu2. (अttottं ५२) A sharer, a partner ;
also, in Cuttack, an accomplice.
Bhdgddrं, H. (.9'os' ं, भागदारी) Holding a share ; the
same as Pattiddr{, in the Dakhin.
Bhdji, H. (भागी) A sharer, a partner ; also, a share, a
portion.
Bhdja-ddr, Mar. (भागीदार) A sharer, a partner. It also
occurs IBhdjil and Bhdgeli.
74
BH
Bh47-jot, Ben. (जi?८आiछ) Cultivation by the Ryot on
the terms of sharing the crop with the Zamindar.
Bh40-khamdr, Ben. (Gl?ीर्थiभiद्भ) The transfer of land,
held on the condition last named, from one Ryot to
another Ryot, the latter engaging to give to the former a
half share of the produce.
Bh4amodr, H. ( 9b*' ं, भागवार्) Held upon a joint or
sharing tenure (land, &c.)
BHAGAT, H. (c~~~ंa, corruption of Bhakt) A religious.
mendicant, a worshipper of Wishnu.
BHAGNAR, H. (As५:, भागनर) A name given to the rich
alluwial lands under the banks of the Jumn6.
BHAGTA, H. (UKe) A tribe of Ahfrs.
BHAf, BHAEE, also BHAIwA, less correctly, BHAwA and
BHwE, H., &c. (.s५: । ५***, भाई, भेया, S. भ्रातृ) Ben.
(जीर्र्) A brother, a natural brother ; also, a friend and
companion ; metaphorically, a brother. It is especially
applied also to individuals connected by community of
origin and joint interest in a common ancestral property,
proprietors of shares, either actually or conventionally,
in the same willage lands. (The derivatives and compounds
may follow either form of the primitive, but those which
take the second form, Bhaiyd or IBha/a, are most freguent.
Bhda-ans, Bhaiydns, H. (U~～l º.४५, भैयांश, from चर्षश, a
share) The share or portion of a brother or a co-parcener.
Bhaiyans1-bijhd, H. (भेयांशीबीघा) An arbitrary measure
of land, used by the brotherhood of a co-parcenary willage,
for apportioning the revenue upon the lands they cultivate.
It is larger than that in common use upon which the
revenue is assessed at So mnch per Bigha.
Bha{-band, IBhaee-bund, H. (A५ .s५) A brother, one
by lineal affinity, or one by community of origin and
interest, or only by friendship and association.
Bha4-bandi, H. (.sA५ ८.४५, भाईषंदी) Brotherhood, fra
ternity, actual or incidental.
Bhd6-bat, Bhaeebut, or Bhdimpad, IBhaeercud, or Bh3/but,
Bhymcad, H. (c-५५:, भाद्दैवत, from bat or icad affix
implying like to) As a brother or co-parcener, brother or
partner-like (acting, engaging, sharing, &c.)
Bhdibau, Ben. (जींदॊ) A brother’s wife. _
Bhaiya-bant, H. (भैयाबॉट) Held in common, as a village.
See the next.
Bhaiyachdrd, or Bhai/dichdrं, less correctly, Bhayachdra,
&c., H. (),५-५a, .9५-५#, भेयाचाराः, भैयाचाग्री, either
from the S. chara, बर, going, or dicludra, institute fra
 BH
ternal establishment) Lands, or willages, or certain rights
and priwileges held in common property, either entirely or in
part, as in the perfect, or imperfect Pattiddr? tenure by a
number offamilies forming abrotherhood,originally perhaps
descended froma common ancestor, but now not always con
nected by sameness ofdescent. Their several claims and lia
bilities are sometimes regulated by established custom, but
they sometimes rest upon ancestral rights, the nature and
extent of which are not always easy ofdetermination and ad
justment, and reguire careful investigation, In all such
fraternities the Government rewenue is most usually
paid through one of the number representing the whole.
Any one of the co-parceners may let or mortgage his
share to a non-proprietor ; in some places, Subject to the
concurrence of the rest of the fraternity, In such case,
the original shareholder may retain his privileges of ad
ministering and voting, in regard to the interests of the
community, as well as his share in the manorial rights
of the whole to waste lands, water-courses and reservoirs,
ground-rents on land let to strangers, taxes on trades,
fees on occasional fairs, and a variety of other emolu
ments which are shared in common.
Bh44-hissi, H. (from the P. A4-, a part) The shares of
a brotherhood.
Bhdjhi, Ben. (जiश्री) A brother’s daughter.
Bh4- or IBhai/4-jamd, H. (भाई- भैयाजमा) A fee paid to
the head or heads of the willage on Settling the assess
ment of the revenue.
Bh4i, or Bhaiya-pamsi, H. (c*: .४५, भाई- भैयार्पसी)
The shares of a co-parcenary or brotherhood.
Bhdia-digitiyd, H., &c. (from the S. भातृद्वितीया) A Hindu।
festival. See Bhrdtri-droitiyd.
Bh4-phot, Ben. (जींश्टफीष्ट) Marking the foreheads of
brothers-with sandal, on the preceding festival.
Bhdi-pui, Uriya, (६२|२gट्) Lit., A brother’s son, appliedto
a relation holding lands in a willage on easier terms than
others not related to the Zamindar, on paying a pro
portion of the revenue and willage charges.
BHArMi, S. (भैमी, from Bhima, भीम) The eleventh of
Māgha, on which day offerings are presented to the manes,
in honour of Bhfma.
BHAIS, Thug. One of the seven original clans.
BHAITA, Hin. (भैता) A stunted crop.
BHAJANAPPURA, Mal. (eetrog-(C) The palace of the Elia
Raja ofTravancore. A private residence in atemple.
75
BH
BHAJAwAL, Mar. (भाजावल) Burning the weeds off the
ground before sowing the seed. Ground so burned.
BHAJfDAST, Mar. (from भाजी, vegetables, and P. dast,
v4-~५०, the hand) A tax levied in kind, either by the
Government or the willage officers, on fruit and vegetables
brought to market.
BHA KAR, Mar. (भाकर) A plain cake of bread ; most
usually applied to bread made from inferior grains, as
holcus, millet, &c.
BHAKSI, H. ( :, भकसी) A dungeon, a chamber in
which revenue defaulters in native states are confined.
BHAKSHyA, S. (भघ्य:) Eatable, what may be legally eaten ;
in opposition to 4bhakskya, what is not to be eaten,
what is prohibited.
BHART, BHUKT, also read BHAKAT, BHARTA, and BHAGAT,
H. (c4-*५, S. bhakta, भक्त:) A follower, a worshipper,
one devoted to, as to a divinity, as Sica-bhakt, a follower
of Siva ; Wishna-bhakt, an adorer of Wishnu.
JBhakta, S. (deriv. of भक्ता:) A follower, a dependant, a
pensioner, a religious sect or School, as those of Saipas,
or of Waishnaoas. The right-hand worshippers of Sakti।
are also called Bh4ktas.
Bhakti, S. (भक्ताि:) Faith, devotion, service, hire of labour.
BHAL, H. (भाल) A tribe of Rajputs, proprietors of lands
in the districts of Bulandshahar and Aligarh.
Bhdl8ultdm, H. (७५-4५:) A clan of Rajputs, Same as
the Bhāl, but freer from intermixture.
BHAI.AwAN, BHULAw UN, Mar. (भलावण) A letter of credit,
one of introduction or recommendation.
BHALE, or BHALU, Thug. The cry of the jackall-an un
lucky omen.
BHAyrATwA, or BHAऽwATwA, Mar. (भामठ्चा, भविठ्चा) A sly
thief, a pickpocket, a shoplifter, &c.
BHAND, commonly pronounced Blidnr, H. (भाण्डं, from the
S. भाण्ड:, buffoonery) A native actor, mime, and jester,
of a particular tribe, mow usually Mohammadans, but
Sprung from the Hindu Bahrupiyas.
BHAND, H., &c. (S. 9G५:, भाण्ड) A vessel. Stock, capital.
JBhandar, or Bhdaddr, or Bhanddra, also IBhdi:ddr
hhdna, H., Mar. (भण्डारः, भाण्डार, भण्डारा, from the S.
भाण्डागार:) Band4ra, or Bhanddra, Karn. ( &००८ठव्ॐ,
क्ष्9०८ठव्अॐ) A treasury, a store, a room where house
hold supplies are kept. Willages managed by the Raja or
Zamindar himself his own peculiar estate, not rented or
farmed to others. In Cuttack, also, a reservoir.
 BH
IBhdjiddr{, H., Mar. (भाण्डारी) A treasury, a store. See
the last. In Gu2erat, a kind of guarantee-assurance to a
creditor that a loan made by him shall be repaid by the
borrower, without the surety's becoming personally liable.
Also, guarantee or assurance to any person of the un
disturbed enjoyment of recogmised office or property,
granted on many occasions by the British Government to
the creditors and officers of the Gaikicar.
IBhdaddr{, H., Mar., &c. (from Bhanddra) A treasurer,
a storekeeper. In Sylhet, a servant, an out-door servant.
In other parts of Bengal, a steward, Im Cuttack, also, a
barber. -
BHANDARA, BHUNDARA, Mar. (भडारा) A feast given to a
number of religious mendicants or Gosains. (Perhaps the
same as IBandhdra, g. v.)
BHANDARf, BHUNDAREE, Mar. (भंडार्णी) A man of a low
caste, whose especial employment it is to draw the sap
from the cocoa-nut tree, and convert it, by fermentation,
into a strong spirituous liguor.
JDhdiaddr-mdr, Mar. (भंडारमाड) A cocoa-nut tree reserved
for the preparation of spirit, and not allowed to bear
fruit.
BHANG, BHANG, BHUNG, BHANG, corruptly, BANG, H.
(e-ॐ५:, “-9५:, P. e-ं, bang) Mar. (भंग, भांग)
Ben. (जri) Tam. (-pes) &c. An intoxicating pre
paration of hemp (Cammabis satica), either an infusion
of the leaves and capsules, or the leaves and stalks
bruised and pounded, and chewed or smoked like
tobacco. According to Mr. Elliot, the natives of Hin
dustan distinguish the Bhang from the Ganja plant ; the
former bearing female flowers only, the latter male.
From Dr. O'Shaughnessy's description, the term Bhang
properly applies to the larger leaves and capsules, and
Ganja to the dried plant with the stalks. From the Bhang
is prepared the infusion bearing the same name. The
Ganja is used for Smoking.-Bengal Dispensatory.
IBhan//{, H. (L*५’ , भगी) One addicted to the use of
Bhang.
IBhdngrd, H. (JAG५:, भांगरा) One who is addicted to the
use of Bhang.
Jºhdngera, H. (७AG५:, भांगेरा) A seller of Bhang.
Planjek', H. ('Aं५१) Hempen cloth for wear, or for
sacks, also sacks made of it.
IBHANGA, Mar. (भांगा) A field, a division of a fiold.
PHANGi, IBHUNGEE, corruptly, IBANGw, or BAHANGy, H.
76
BH
( .* ं, भगी) The name of a low caste, employed as
sweepers,and in the most inferior menial offices. They are
said to be of mixed origin,having Sprung from the union of
a Brahman womam and a Sudra man. They extend through
out Hindustan, where they are known by different appel
lations, as Melutar, Haldl-khor, &c. They profess to be
Hindus, observing some Hindu usages, but in others they
follow the practices of the Mohammadans, and can
scarcely be considered as members of either faith. The
name is probably derived from Bhang, for the Bhangis
are generally addicted to the use of intoxicating drugs
and liguors.
BHANGA, Uriya, (9.9l१l) Correct weighment of salt.
Bhang6-moharir, Uriya) (A. a clerk, ))=*) An officer
who superintends the weighment of salt.
BHANGUNI, Tel. (?) Settlement of a dispute among Ryots
by arbitration. (Ganjam.)
BHANGURIA, H. (५)yं५:) A branch of the Gaur-taga
tribe in Bulandshahar.
BHANJA, H. (५*५५, भांजा, S. भञ्ज, to divide) An arrange
ment by which three or four Ryots engage to assist each
other in turn, either in preparing the crop or getting in
the harvest. When it is the turn, or Bhdnjd, of the one
to be assisted, the others contribute ploughs, bullocks,
and labourers.
IBHAऽs, Mar. (भांस) Heap of husks and grains of rice pro
duced from grinding in order to husk.
Bhagsal, Mar. (भांसळ) Husked rice.
BHANSARA, H. (४)*५.५:) A branch of the Ahfr tribe.
BHANS-LENA, Thug. To defraud one another in the par
tition of the spoil.
BHANTA, BHUNTA, H. (ंd, र्भटा) A ploughman's wages
in kind. (Rohilkhand. Elsewhere the word is Bhatta.)
BHANwAG, BHUNwUG, H. (e-f*५?) A Small clan of
Rajputs.
BHAo, Ben. (जi७) Mar. (भाव) Price of any thing,
value of an article, market price or rate ; interest on
money or seed advanced.
BHAOLi, IBHAOLEE, or BHAwAI.f, corruptly, IBHOWLEv, BHA
wELEy, BEHAwILLEw, H. (G9५ः भावली) Distri
bution of the products of the harvest, in prewiously
stipulated proportions between the landlord and tenant.
Rent paid in kind, instead of money, It is also possibly
the correct form of IBaoli, ५. w.
IBhdoli-ltluil, H. (c)*५* _',५ं) Land recently brought
__
 BH
into cultivation, and of which the cultivator is allowed a
larger Share of the produce.
Bhdoli-pd, H., corruptly, IBhomcle/-pah, (५ ७:'#) ILand
long cultivated, in which the proportional share of the
cultivator is less than in land of recent cultivation.
BHAR, BHUR, H. 04:, S. भर) Full, complete (used chiefly
in composition).
Bhar-has, Mar. (?) Land paying full rent. (Dakhin.)
Bharpdi, or pace, H. (.s५9५५) Mar. (भरपाई) A release
in full endorsed on the back of a receipt (being properly
the two last words of the phrase, main me hauri bhar
pda, the kauris have been received in full by me).
Bharirasil, Mar. (भरवमूल, from A. J;०) Full revenue
received.
Bharrcasali, Mar. (भरवसुली) A village, &c., from which
full revenue is realiZed.
BHAR, BHUR, H. Oं) One of the aboriginal races of
Hindustan, called also Hºdjbhar, IBharat, and IBhar
patrca Tradition assigns for their original seat the whole
country from Gorakhpur to Bundelkhand, and the Pargana
of Bhadoi, properly IBhar-doi, in Benares, is named from
them. Many old stone forts, embankments, and excava
tions in Gorakhpur, AZimgarh, Jonpur, MirZapur, and
Allahabad, are ascribed to them. Amongst others, the
celebrated fortress of Wijaya//arh, or Bija///arh, is still
called, after them, a IBhardn'at? fort. When mot with
they are found following the meanest vocations. They
are especially swineherds ; and are considered as knowing
where treasure is hidden. In the hills eastward of Mir
Zapur there are some IB/ar Rajas. The name may be
possibly an abbreviation of IBhdrata, a mative of IBhdrafa
or India ; especially as it is retained unaltered as one of
their Synonymes. - party (Dehli).
BHABA, H. (',५:, भाडा) Ben. (जीजi) Mar. Bhairap, (भांडं)
Hire, wages, rent, recompense. In Bengal it is especially
the hire of any inanimate thing', and therefore does not
imply wages.
IBh4rdti/a, IBen. (जiजiछिश्चi) A temant, a renter.
Bhdrekarं, Mar. (भाडेकरी) One who lets out houses,
cattle, &c. One who hires them. A labourer, a hireling.
7ah4regtoreg, Mar. (भांडंतोर्ड) A loose term for rent, hire,
fare, &c.
BHAR, or BHARA, H. &c. ७५, )५, S. भार्, P. )५) A
load, a burthen. A rupee weight. A weight of gold egual
to twenty tolas.
??
BH
79h८/’{, H. (५-9५?) Heavy, weighty, a load.
BHARA, Mar. (भारा) A bundle of grass, a sheaf of corn.
IBhdrebhait, Mar. (भारेभात) Threshed rice, usuallyyielding
half a maund per bhdrd, or bundle.
BHARA, (?) A charge made to the Ryot who pays his rent
in kind for the carriage of the grain to the place where
it is sold. (This may be derived from Bhdr, a load, or
from IBhdrd, hire ; in the latter case it should be written
with the hard r, (!}५ं)
BIIARA, Thug. The dead bodies of the victims (Dakhini).
BHARAHAR, Thug. A pitcher full of water. A lucky omen.
BHARAi, corruptly, BHURRwE, BHURAw, BURRw, H. (Ard)
भरडॆ ) An allowance formerly made to the Government
revemue officers in the provinces of Bareilly and Bemares, to
cover the cost of remitting the collections to the Government
treasury, and of exchanging the different sorts of rupees
received in payment into standard currency. A cess or
tax raised on pretext of providing for such deductions and
allowances, which was originally divided between the
Raja and the Amil. IBharat was finally abolished by
Reg. xiv. I807, cl. l4.
BHARAKI, Thug. A gun.
BHARAN, IBHAIRANA, or BHARNA, H., Mar., &c. (c9ं, S.
भरण) Completing, filling, rearing. Paying in full. (In
the south) A row of betel-nut trees.
BHARANA, Uriya, (S.G. ँl) A measure of rice in the husk,
egual to eighty ८/aunis.
BHARANTU-DIBBA, Tel, ( ँ०ॐ००ं) A platform or mound
on which a salt-heap is raised. (From bharantu, a floor,
and dibba, a heap)
BHARAT, BHURUT, also pronounced BHARIT and BARAT,
H. (“-9a) Amount of rent paid by an individual, or a
BHARATA, GuZ. (*t२.९1) Measurement. An account opened
by the debtor in his own handwriting in his creditor’s book.
BHARAT,corruptly,BHARoTE, GuZ.(*ut२.९1) Abard. See Bhat.
BHARATA, or BHARATA-vARsHA, S. (भारत, भरतवर्षे:) India ;
the country or kingdom of IBharata, the son of IDushyanta.
BHARAUNA, H. (५97ं) A load of wool.
BHARAUTI, H. (cºfं) A release in full.
BHAR-BHUN.JA, ISII U :-BHooNJA, corruptly, IBIIADBHOO.JA,
BURBOONJA, H. (५*ंहः from S. भ्राष्ट्रं, a frying-pan,
and भर्जक, who fries) Mlar. (भडभुंजा) also BHUJARi, or
BHUऽJARi (भुजारी, भुंजारी) Grain-parcher or fryer.
The name of a caste employed in parching and frying
x
 BH
different sorts of grain, pulse, &c. They are said to spring
from a Kahār father and Stidra mother, and pretend to
be distinguished into seven tribes, which do not inter
marry. There is also a tribe of Kayeths distinct from
these, who follow the same business. `
BHARE, H. (.४,५५) A kind of grass growing to the height
of about mine feet, and used for thatching and making
SCIreenS.
BHARERAnf, Mar. (भरेकरी) A travelling cloth merchant,
who buys it from the manufacturer, and retails it to the
shopkeepers.
BHARGAT, BHURoUT, Mar. (भरगत, from S. भर, full, and गति,
condition) Full complement of any thing, load, lading)
cargo.
BHARI, BHUREE, H. (.9a) A weight, that of the old
Sicca rupee. In Cuttack, a weight of gold egual to ten
māshas.
BHARIPPUKARAN, Mal. (efol3-! ८6,0(o(ob) A superintendant
or overseer of a kitchen.
BHARrvA, H. (५,५:, भयिा) Land watered by irrigation.
BHARKI, BHURKEE, H. ( -*'x?) A kind of land in Behar,
Superficially of a dark colour, but lighter when turned up
by the plough. It is suited to both spring and autumn
crops, but reguires abundant watering.
BHARNA, BHURNA, H. (५,५३) Filling, completing, nourish
ing. Giving up property in payment of a debt.
BHARNA, H. (9x’, भरना) The vessel that receives the
expressed juice of the sugar-cane.
BHARPATwA, H. (),ंAं) A branch of the Bhar tribe.
BHARTKUL, H. (d*ंxं) One of the branches of the Gaur
Brahmans (for Bharata-hul, of the race of Bharata).
BHARTOT, BHURTOTE, Thug. The strangler, the person who
applies the noose.
JBhartoti, Thug. The office of strangler.
BHARTRI, S. (भर्नृ) A protector, a master, a husband.
BHARTRI-HARI-JoGi, H. ( -*१६-, योगी) An order of Hindu
mendicants, who profess to have been instituted by Bhartri
hari, the brother of Wikramāditya, in the century before
Christ.
BHARUTHAL, Mar. (?) A tax for liberty to graZe cattle.
BHARwAR, BitunwAf, GuZ. (*t२.२tts ) A shepherd, lead
ing a nomadic life, pasturing sheep, goats, and camels,
and living on or by their produce in milk and wool.
BHARwATIA, or BHARwUTTIA, (?) A feudal dependant or
chief in a state of open insurrection against his liege
78
BH
lord, or against the State, committing robbery and de
predation on the country, and assuming the character of
an outlaw. (Captain M"Murdo, Bombay Trans. i. 27I,
derives it from Bhar, out, and mºut, country ; but in that
case it would more correctly be Bathermoatamāa ; for the
words in GuZ., as in other dialects, are Bdhar or Bdher,
from the S. bahār, out, and ?catam, from the Arabic,
country. Perhaps the aspirate is altogether incorrect, and
the word should be Barrodtia, g. v.)
BHARvA, pronounced also BHARJA, H., Ben., &c. (S. भाय्यॆt)
also BHAJ, Mar. (भाज) A wife, one wedded according
to the ritual of the Wedas. It sometimes denotes a second
or inferior wife, as distinct from the Patmं, the wife first
married. It also applies to the female of the Nairs in
Malabar.
BHASAN, Ben. (उiशiम) The name of a class of Sirdars in
the Kasiya hills.
BHASAwAN, H. (भसावन) A tax on boats carrying grain.
BHASHA, S. &c. (भाषा) Speech, a speech, a form of speech,
a dialect or language, commonly applied to Hindi. The
plaint in a law-suit ; (also Bhdsh6-pada).
BHASKARA-SAPTAMf, S. &c. (भास्करं, the sun, and सप्तमी,
seventh day) A festival in honour of the 'sun, held on
the seventh of Māgha.
BHASMA, or BHAsyf, H. (A५५.५,'S. भस्मन) Ashes.
Bhasma-sndna, S. (भस्मस्नान) Rubbing or smearing the
body with the ashes of burnt cow-dung, a common prac
tice of the Saiva mendicants.
JBhasmi, Thug, (from S. भस्म, ashes) Fine earth or sand,
Such as is best Suited for the interment of those who
have been murdered. Also, Flour.
BHAT, BHUT, also written BHATT, BHUTT, H. &c. (G-५.५, S.
भट्टः) A title or cognomgn of learned Brahmans, as
JKumaril Bhat, and others. Also, the name of a particular
tribe of Brahmans in the province of Benares, said to have
Sprung from a Maratha father and a mother ofthe Sarmaria
tribe of Brahmans. A common title or appellation of
Maratha Brahmans, especially of Such as live by begging.
BHAT, also BHARATA, H. &c, (५5-*५५, S. भाट:, भारत:)
BATTU, BHATTU, and BHATRAJU, Tel. (ं, *ं,
०७9ee) The bard, herald, genealogist, and chronicler
of ancient days, Sprung from a Kshatriya father and Vaisya
mother. The modern Bhat is sometimes said to have been
born of a Brahman widow by a Kshatriya father. He fulfils
the same office ashis prototype, though with inferior dignity;
 BH
although in the west of India, where he is identified with
the Chdram, his personal security is held sufficient for
the payment of a debt, or fulfilment of an engagement ;
its violation being followed by the voluntary death either
of the Bhāt himself or of some member of his family,
the retribution of which falls upon the defaulter. In some
parts of India the Bh6ts are distinguished as Birm
bhat and Jaga-bhait ; the former being hired on particular
occasions to recite the traditions of a family ; the latter
being the chroniclers of the family by hereditary descent,
and visiting the members periodically, to take note of all
occurrences regarding them. Both classes are as much
dreaded for their rapacity, as respected for their reputed
sanctity. In some places in Upper India the Bhdts are
found forming willage communities, and branching into
varions subdivisions, Some have become converts to
Mohammadanism. The Bhdt of the village establishment
appears to be of an inferior class.
BHAT, H. (ee-º५:) Advances to cultivators without interest.
The name of a particular soil north of the Ganges, con
taining much mitre. In the Lower Doab and Bundel
khand the word means, Umeven ground. The more universal
sense of Bhatt is, Boiled rice, from the S. IBhakta, In
Maratha, and in other places in the south of India, it is
applied also to rice in the husk.
Bhatan, IBhatem, Mar. (भातण, भातेण, for भात-तृणं, S.)
Rice-straw.
Bhat-४ct, Mar. (भातशेत) A rice-field, land fit for rice
cultivation.
BHAT, Mar. (भाढ) An elewated spot of land, dry and fit
only for the cultivation of inferior grain ; also a Shoal, a
sand-bank.
Bhditi, Mar. (भाटी) Rich soil along the banks of rivers,
creeks, &c.
BHAT, Tel. (दृग्*०) Karn. Bhage, (छ्ऽं) A road. In
Upper India the word is always given with the initial
unaspirated, IBdit.
Bhatsari, Tel. (दृग्*&o-७०) A traveller.
BHATA, BHUTU, or BHATA, incorrectly, BATTA, H. (4-५५,
5५:) BHATrA, BHATEऽ, Mar. (भत्ता, भातं) BHATwAyrU,
Tel. (ं७8ंOO) Additional allowance. Extra pay or
allowances to public servants or Soldiers. Subsistence
मnoney, or additional allowances to officers employed on
special duties, or in distant places.' Often confounded
erroneously with BATTA, exchange, g. w.
79
BH
BHAT GAUR, H. A sub-division of the Gaur Rajputs.
BHATHA, H. (५:५) The current of a river, the ebb-tide.
BHATi, IBHUTEE, BHATHA, BHUTHA, BHATHf, BHUTHEE,
H. (.*; 'ं, or ८* ं, from the S, भ्राष्ट्रं), A furnace,
a kiln, a still, a distillery, a liguor-shop. (In Cuttack)
also a fire-place for evaporating brine for Salt.
Bhathi ddr, H. (P. 9le, who has) One who manufactures
or Sells Spirituous liguors.
BHATIA, H. (ं) The poorest land in Sāgar and Bun
delkhand. In the latter it is also termed more usually
JBhatti and Bhatui.
BHATIARA, or BHATIwARA, fem. BHATIARf, H. (J५a,
५.9५*#) A man or woman who cooks wictuals for tra
vellers in a Serai.
BHATRARIA, H. A class of inferior Bais-Rajputs in Jonpur.
BHATNAGAR, H. A large tribe of Kayeths who derive their
name from Bhatnir.
BHATOLAR, H. 9;*a) Land granted to Brahmans bearing
the designation of IBhat.
BHArr, or BHArrA, BHUTr, BHUTrA, H. S. (G-५, भट्टः)
A learmed Brahman. In some parts of the south of
India it especially designates a Brahman who professes a
knowledge of the Wddas, or belongs to a family in which
they have been taught. _
Bhattdichdrj, H. (ह9५-५e), Ben. (जष्ठींष्त्री)ि, both from
the S. LBhattacharya (भट्टाचाय्यै:) A learned Brah
man ; one who teaches any branch of Sanscrit lite
rature. In Bengal it is also applied to any respectable
Brahmam.
Bhatta-mdnyam, Tel. Karn. (ंशं8०) Landgranted
either rent-free, or at a low rate, to Brahmans.
Bhatta-pritti, also Bhatta-cartulu and IBhattcartti, Tel.
Tam. (from S. वृति:, maintenance) An assignment of reve
mue or lands granted to Brahmans at a low rent, or rent
free, for their Subsistence ; the lands in such case being
mostly held in severalty. The term sometimes desig
nates a village, the lands of which are permanently dis
tributed among hereditary Sharers.
BHATTA, BHUTTU, Karn. (॰3.) Rice in the husk, com
monly called by Europeans in the south of India Batty,
in the North, Padd/, both derived apparently from this
term, which again is derived from the Sanskrit Bhakta,
properly, not raw, but boiled rice.
BHATTA, H. (ं) Ploughman's wages in kind.
BHATTA-GUTTA, BHUTTU-GooTTU, Karn. (ं' ं,?० डै.)
 BH
An addition to the revenue assessment in Mysore, accord
ing to the productiveness of the soil, originally fixed by
Sivapf naik, one of the _petty chiefs of Mysore.
BHATrt, BHUTTEE, H. (Uं) A Rajput tribe of the Wadu
bansi race, ruling in Jesalmer, and giving their name to
the IBhatti country.between Hisar and the Garhi.
iahattidna, H. (Ad५ं) The tract occupied chiefly by the
Bhatti tribe.
BHATTI-KARI, Mar. (?) An extra peon employed to collect
outstanding revenue.
BHATTI-KUMBHAR, Mar. (?) A tax in kind or money levied
formerly upon potters in the IDakhim.
BHATUA, BHATUprvA, Beng. (जीडूय। जीडूजिच।, from IBhdit
उउि, boiled rice) A servant who serves for his food.
BHATULA, H. (ं) Bread made from the flour of the
Arher and other sorts of pulse.
BHAयUvA, H. (भटुवा) Light dry soil, yielding only an au
tumn crop. _ BHELI, H.
BHAऎ, corruptly, IBHow, Mar. (भाऊ) A brother, a cousin.
It is affixed respectfully to the names of persons, as
Hari-bhatt.
JBhdii//ardi, Mar. (भाञ्जगदीं) Any torrible defeat; lit. the
defeat of Parasuram Bhati at-Patnipat.
IBhaiiii, IBeng. (जी७ङे) A younger brother’s wife.
Bhaiij, (जी3ज) An elder brother’s wife.
BHAt NRI, Uriya (G.६०6.1) A salt willage; a place in which।
salt-works are set up.
BHAijNRIA, Uriya (२६०6.1थ॥) An account of all the lands
of a village, Specifying the fields according to their num
bers, with the name of the cultivator, the length, breadth,
s५uare contents and species of land and cultivation.
BHAwA, S. &c. (भावा) The eighth year of the eycle.
BHAwANTI, H. (?) A house built after the customary Indian
fashion, having externally four dead walls, in one of which।
is the entrance to am external Guadrangle, Surrounded by
chambers, or sometimes with one chamber only at each।
angle, connected by an open viranda or roofed passage.
BHAvAvA or BHAvAiA, Gu2.(*tst४“tt) An itinerant actor,
dancer, and musician.
BHAwA, Mar. (भावा, from भाज्ञ) A husband’s elder brother.
BHEDA, Tel. (क्ष्5८ऽप्) ILevying a contribution from the other
Ryots, to enable one who has been unfortunate, to pay his
rent.
BHEDi, or Bil ERi, IBeng. (८ज्जी) A dyke, an embankment.
Bhedibandhi, Beng. (८ज्जैीदन्*ी) An embankment.
80
BH
BHEDIyA, H. (७c५:, भेदिया) Soil in which various kinds of
crops are grown (from S. भेद, difference),
BHEJ, H. (ह्*ं । भेज, Rent, a proportionate share of it, an
instalment.
IBhgj-bardr, corruptly, IBhdj-barrar, H. (2)***ं , भेजबणार)
A temure freduent in Bundelkhand, in which the propor
tions of the revenue or tax (Barftr) payable by the common
proprietors of a villageare subject to periodical or occasional
adjustment, and in which balances of the revenue and of
village charges arising from the fraud or dishonesty of a
sharer are made good by rateable contributions from the
other Sharers. Strangers are sometimes introduced into
over-assessed estates on condition of paying the Barār ; but
their admission is not a mecessary incident of the tenure,
the essential feature of which is the re-adjustment of the
shares. The term is also applied to a willage in which
this tenure prevails : it is said to be a IBhdj-bardr gdon
(U*ं) A lump of coarse sugar, usually consist
ing of fotir or five Sers (8 to I0 pounds),
BHEr, or BHENयू', corruptly, BHETP, BHAINT, H. (५-*#
५-*#) Bhdj, Ben. (८जप्5l) Interview, introduction ; but
more commonly the presentation of a gift made to a superior
on ocoasion ofbeing presented or introduced to him ; a com
plimontary gift, a Vasar. A present made by the
cultivator to the collector or farmer on settling his assess
ment. In the south of India, the offering of a small pre
sont, as of one rupee, to the European collector by the
Patol, or head of the village, on the settlement of the
revenue for the year.
IBhe{-balard, II. &c. ()ं ७-५:, भेटवक्रा) A present made by
the villagers to the governor of a district on his coming
to the village ; lit. the present of a goat, which is the
original usual offering.
IBhe{{, Bon. (८जघ्रेी) A present at a visit or meeting made
by the mother of the bride to the mother of the bridegroom
to propitiate her good will to her daughter-in-law.
IBhct-patra, H. A deed of gift made on being introduced
to a superior or public officer.
Bil IAN, Uriya (s.1थ|Gl) A statement of the particulars of an
estate ; the value of produce, amount of revenue, and dis
tribution among the cultivators, with their names and
numbers; the basis of the settlement. See BHAijNRIA.
BHi HAR, H. 9*+:) A tribe which, according to tradition, was
one of the primitive tribes of the Upper Doab. They were
expelled from Nirauli and the neighbouring districts by
 BH
the Bir-gujar Rājputs. In the Doab they are commonly
called IBeimhar, and in Rohilkhand, IBihar.
BHI KH, H. &e. (A%A4:, S. भिघा) Alms, asking for alms, beg
ging, giving alms. An item in the allowances formerly made
as abatements from the revenue ; a small sum So deducted
on account of charity or alms-giving by the village or the
Zamindar. The term occurs in most dialects,with or without
modification, as Bhiksha and Bhāk (भिष्ट्वा, भीक) Marathi.
Bhikhat, H. (***, from S. IBhikshaw, भिषु, or IBhi/ं
shuka, भिक्षुकः) A beggar, a mendicant ; especially the
Hindu of the fourth Order. In the present day, in the
south of India the IBhilishal may have a wife and family ;
or the term may be applied to a Grihastlia, or house
holder, Subsisting upon alms, being used, in fact, in its
general acceptation.
Bhikhdri, Beng.(ङिथीती, from भिष्वा)Amendicant, a beggar.
BHiL, BHEEL, H. (d).५a, S. भिज्ञ:) Thd name of a wild
race inhabiting the mountains and forests of Malwa,
Mewar, and Kandesh, and in the Dakhin to the north of
Poona. They subsist partly by agriculture, and partly by
the chase, and in former times were notorious for their
depredations. They are also found settled in the villages
of the low lands, and are employed as the village watch
men, as guides to travellers, and in warious menial offices,
for which they are remunerated by fees and perguisites ;
sometimes by small grants of land. The Bhfls of the
Company's territories are much improved, and follow
agriculture steadily : a number are incorporated as a lo
cal militia under European officers.
BHf yrARATRi, S. (भीमणाची) The seventh night of the seventh
month of the seventy-seventh year of a man's age, after
which a person is exempt from all instituted observances,
it being considered the end of his natural life.
BHf MJODHA, Thug. A small bird, a sort of cuckoo.
BHINNAGOTRA, S. (bhinna, fभव, different, and gotra, गोत्रं,
family) One not belonging to the same general family.
BHINNoDARA, S. (bhinna, different, and adara, उदरं, womb)
A brother by a different mother, a half-brother.
BHf R, H. 9*(?) A crowd, a mob.
BHIS, H. (U~५a, S. विशः) The edible root of the lotus, or,
more correctly, the fibres of the stem ; also called Basend,
7Bhisenda, IBhas{nr.
BHisHyrAsHTAMi, S. (भीष्माष्टमी) The eighth day of the
month Māgha, when libations are offered to Bhashma, the
son of Gangd.
8I
BH
BHiT, H. (e-A५१, S. fभक्तःि) The wail of a house.
BHfr, BHI'ri, or BHfri, H. (५-५५.५, ५** ॰ं) Ground
either naturally or artificially raised, and fit for warious
purposes, as for the site of a house, or of a village.
Mounds confining a tank or piece of water. Raised
ground near a tank for planting the Piper betel upon.
Westiges of an old house. The old or main land of a
willage that which has been always cultivated, in oppo
sition to that which is gained from the river, or by allu
wial deposit; also, but apparently erroneously, IBita,
JDeeta. Although somewhat differently spelled, especially
with regard to the last consonant, which is the hard !
instead of the soft, the word has probably the same
origin as the preceding one, or S. IBhitti, a wall.
Bhitauri, H. (.3) *ह) Ground-rent, rent paid for the
site of a house by one not a cultivator of the willage
lands.
_
BHITARIA, H. (५,५:, from ,*५०, within, S. अभ्यन्तर्) A
domestic, male or female, one admitted to the inner
apartments of a dwelling, a guest at a marriage-feast
who is admitted to eat with the relatives of the bride.
BHITRI, Thug. A pair of travellers.
BHOG, BHOGA, or BHOGAM, corruptly, IBogum, H., but
occurring in most, or perhaps all the dialects, sometimes
slightly modified, (e-%a, S. भोगं) Enjoyment, fruition,
use : possession, of two kinds, saredha or sacddha, with
obstruction, and mircedlta or mircddha, unobstructed, un
disputed ; corruptly, sarredhbhogy and mirrcedhblogy.
JDhodya, H. S. (भोग्यं) Any thing that may be used or
_ possessed. (Tel. Bhd0yamu, ४ऽां W8ंCoC)
Bhogddhi, or Bh00/ddhi, H. S. (from bhoga, or bho///a,
and ddhi, `नाधि:, a pledge) A pledge or deposit which
may be used until redeemed.
Bh00a-bandhak, or -bundhuk, or Bh00/a-bandhah, H.,
&c. (भोगबन्धकं, S. Blogabandhaka) Tel. Bh67-7anda,
(४S`x४००C) A kind of bond or mortgage in which the
article pledged or mortgaged may be converted to use,
as land, houses, cattle, trees, &c., the profits of which
are to be appropriated by the lender or mortgagee in lieu
of interest.
Bhogabanda-sanadu, Tel. (*०ॐुॐ०) The document
by which a usufruct bond or mortgage is settled.
Bhoga, or Bhog-ddr, H. &e. (P. Jle, who has) One in
the possession or enjoyment of any property.
Bhogddhikdr, or Bhogyddhikdr, H. S. (from bhoja or
w
 BH
bh0///a and अधिकारं, a right) The possessor of the
usufruct of pledged or mortgaged property.
Bhoga-l4bha, or -labdhi, the latter very corruptly Book
labby, H. &c. (भोगलाभ:, भोगलन्धि:, from labha or labdhi,
S. acduiring) Usufruct in lieu of interest.
JBhogotra, or Bh0//ottar, corruptly, IBh0guecottur, H.,
&c. (9* ५, from S. भोग and उच्वर:, subseguent, or च,
what preserves) A grant of revenue for the enjoyment or
use of an individual, especially of a Brahman or religious
character.
Bhog{, H. &c. (S. भोगी) The person who enjoys or
possesses any thing.
BHoGA, H. S. (भोग, enjoyment, as before) The food offered
to an idol.
Bhoga-mandapa, H. S. (from maadapa, a temple, lit.,
pleasure-temple or chamber) That part of the temple of
Jagannath where the foodtobe presented to the idol is cooked.
Bhoga-matrtti, Mar. (from S. मूर्त्तेि:, a form) An idol
carried about in processions, representing the principal
idol, which is newer taken from the shrine ; also, fig., The
head of a concern, one who has only the benefit of it ;
also, the active manager under a nominal head.
BHooHIyA, Hindi (भोधिया) A small basket in which the
sower carries his seed.
BHoi, IBHOEE, incorrectly, BHowEE, H. Mar. (.39a, भोऽं)
An individual of a caste whose business it is to carry
palankins, and who is at other times a fisherman. Also
read IBoi, ५. w.
BHoJAN, H. (Jº-9a, S. भोजन) Food. Eating or taking food,
feeding, entertaining.
Bhdjam-kharch, H. (A. दः'A-, expense) Table expenses,
JBrdlimam-bhdjam, Ben., Feeding Brahmans.
BHoJPATRA, H. S. (भोजपत्र:) The birch tree, or rather itsbark.
BHOPf, BHOPwA, Mar. (भोपी, भोप्या) The priest ofa village
temple, generally a Sitdra.
BHOTi, H. (भोती) Labour.
Bhotihd/’, H. (भोतीहार) A labourer.
BHRATRI, S. (भ्रातृ) A brother.
-Bhrdtri-datta, S. (दच, given) What is given by a brother
to a sister on her marriage ; one sort of Strā-dham, or
. woman's wealth.
IBhrdtri-dncitiya, S. (fद्वतीय) A Hindu festival on the
second of K{trtik, on which sisters give entertainments to
brothers, in commemoration of Hamund’s entertaining her
brother Hama.
BH
BHRIGU-BANSI, H. A tribe of Rājputs deriving their origin
from Parasurāma, the stem of the Barhoulia clan.
BHRITA, S. (भृत:) Hired, a hired servant or labourer.
BHRrrI, S. (भृति:) Hire, wages.
JDhriti-ralpa, S. (from रूपं, form, nature) A reward given
to a person in lieu of wages for the performance of a
duty for which stipulated payment or hire is improper, as
for the performance of a Srāddha on behalf of another
person.
BHU, or BH ºf MI, S., but current in most or all the dialects,
occasionally modified, as, BHUM or BHooM, BHU-IN or
BHOO-EEN, or BHUN, BHOON, &c., H. (*(* ; ५.****** P***
cºd) ७)*d ? S. भू:, भूर्ड्, भूमि:) Earth, land, ground,
soil. (Bhttm, as derived from the P. IBitm, py: ; is said
to be applied to uncultivated land only, but the Persian word
was no doubt originally the same as the S. bhami ab
brewiated, sigmifying land in general, earth, the earth).
Bha-banda, Tel. (ंGग`४०० ँO) Boundary of a field or an
estate, particulars relating to it.
Bha-banda-jabitd, Tel. (ध्छथ्99ं, from the A. AlaL3) The
ground statement, shewing the total extent of the lands
of a village, and their distribution as arable, garden,
and unproductive, and distinguishing those held free of
assessment Particulars of the boundaries of an estate.
Also, IBha4-band-likhd, IBha-bamd-hissebu, and similar
compounds.
Bht1-ddmam, or Bhaimi-ddinam, S. (from दानं, domum) A
grant of land, or of the revenue assessed upon it.
Bha-ddna patra, H. &c. (पच, a leaf) A deed of grant of
land.
Bhua blidreg, Mar. (भुर्दूभार्ड) Ground-rent.
Bhaipati, S. (from पति:, a lord) A prince, a sovereign,
a landholder, a Zamindar. Also IBliumipati, IBh४mipa,
and Bhttpa.
-IBha{-smudmi, S. (from खामिन् , master) Landholder, pro
prietor, prince, Sowereign.
IBhttmi, H. (from S. भूमि:) Earth, land. (In Rajputāna)
Hereditary landed estate held free of assessment.
JDhatmid, H. (५-9ं) from भूमि:) A landlord, a proprietor
of the soil. Descendant of the founder of a willage. The
head of a willage or Patdl. Among the Bhfls, a guide.
Dhum//, Mar. (भुम्या, from S. भूमि:) An old inhabitant
of a place, one whose family has been settled there for
seweral generations.
JDhatmal, Mar. (भूमक) In Nagpur, a village officer who
 BH
performs the worship of the boundary deity, and attends
upon the Government revenue officers when they visit the
willage.
Bhatml4, Mar. (भूमका) The tutelary divinity of a village,
or ofits boundaries, or of the soil, or any particular Spot.
-Bhaimidicat, Bhoomiamout, H. (५-2,५-७-४) A general
plundering, especially the depredations of petty chiefs
holding lands of which an attempt has been made to dis
possess them, or from which a revenue not heretofore
paid is demanded.
-Bhaimi4icati,H.(ं;५-९xं)Adiscontented andinsurgentchief
Bhami ddhd, H.TCucle ५.***ं) Being burnt (as a corpse),
being reduced to earth.
Bha4mi ddr, H. (P. 9'e, who has) A landholder, a pro
prietor. A head-man. A chief
JBhaimāj, H. (from भूमि, and ज, born, Earth-born) A caste
of low Hindus numerous in Ghatsild.
Bhaimila, H. &c., (भूमिक) A landholder, a proprietor, A
head-man. A military chief
-Bhoi, Uriya (G9२l2२, probably a vernacular corruption of
Bhai, from भूमि, earth, land) A willage accountant.
Bhoi-mail, Uriya (ss२॥२१50 A district accountant ः also
the salary or perguisites of the willage accountant.
Bhain daddhd, H. (sose Jºya, from Bhuin, and दग्ध,
burnt) Gifts at marriages and funerals, some earth being
burned before their presentation. (Eastern Oudh.)
IBhafin-hdr or IBht{n-hdr, IBh00eem-har or IBh00mhar, H.
9५*ं;(ं । ०५dyd; from the S. भूमि, and हार:, who takes ;
in the vernacular terms the n is of very masal enunciation)
A tribe of Hindus settled in great numbers in the districts
of Gorakhpur, AZimgarh, and Benares, the Raja of which
last is a member of the clan. They claim to have been
originally Brahmans; and although they admit that the
distinction is impaired by their having become culti
vators, which pure Brahmans should not be, they do not
wholly abandon their pretensions, and style themselves
Thākurs, a title common to both Brahman and Rājput
tribes. Many of their Subdivisions have names which are
common to them and the Sarwaria Brahmans, as Sandal
Gautam, Dikshit, Upādhyāya, and Pande ; and those
which have not identical appellations, have titles con
necting them with the same stock; thus, the Sankar-wftr
take the title of Misr, the Donwār that of Tewari, &c.
This renders their account of themselves credible, and
they are probably Brahmans degraded by being cultiva
83
BH
tors, their usual avocation. The term may also designate
a landholder in general.
JDha4āhdr{, H. (भूईहारी) Land let at a low rent to.
temants liable to be called out for military service.
Bhaām mdli, H. (A"० ७ं) A Hindu of a low caste
engaged in the lowest menial offices.
Bhtin-bhai, IBhoon-bhaee, H. (.s' ं;*, from S. भूमिं, and
भ्रातृ, a brother) A man invited by a proprietor to reside
in a village upon a portion ofland assigned to him to cul
tivate for his own benefit, but which he may not dispose
of: a land or estate-brother.
Bhandari, IBhoondurce, H. (.9eं;ं, from S. भूमि) A
small patch of cultivation. Land let rent-free to the vil
lage servants, or to indigent relations, or paupers, tem
porary occupants. The term also occurs, IBlutndd, IPaundd,
and Bhaunddri. _
Bha{niya, H. (भूनिया) The head of a village. In Cut
tack, one of the former petty chiefs holding lands by
tenure of military service.
Bha{n.jari, (?) A term of the south-west provinces. Lands
held by those who first brought them into cultivation, or
by their direct heirs : they cannot be alienated or trans
ferred, and, in default of direct heirs, escheat to the
Gowernment.
Bhaiyain or Bha/% H. (from S. भूमि) A landholder. A chief
holding by military service. A head of a village.
Bitt DA, H. (४cya) Soil of a light inferior ५uality. (North
west Provinces) Sandy Soil. See IBHUR.
BrrUpkr, BHooDKEE, H. (?) A well sunk for purposes of
irrigation, either in the bed or immediate wicinity of a
river or watercourse : if near them, a channel is cut for a
supply of water from the main stream to the well.
But NGAi, IBHooNGAEE, H. (.39xं) The name of a tax
leviod by the Raja of Bijpur on part ofthe forest-produce
of Tappa Sattisgarh, in MirZapur In the official report
of the Settlement of the Tappa, the term is said to be
derived from IBhungd, an axe.
Biru KsA, H. (Lं) Name of a tribe inhabiting the forests
from Sabna on the Sarda to Chandpur on the Ganges,
claiming to descend from the Powar Rajputs, having been
expelled from IDhār, and taken refuge, first in Oudh, and
hnally in the hills bordering on Kamaon They are di
vidod into fifteen clans, twelve superior, three inferior.
BHU KTAN, Beng. (ङ्खन) Making additions to stock. Add
ing new sums to what is paid offः
 BH
BHUNDIA, H. (५$५:) One who cultivates with a borrowed
plough.
BHUNJA, H. (भंजा) Parched grain.
BHUR, BHUp, BHUDA, BHooR, BHoopA, corruptly, IBUDAH
and BooDA, also BHUpA, BHUDUH, H. Gx:, exe, pro
perly written with the cerebral d, as भूड) An unproduc
tive soil, consisting for the most part of sewen-tenths of
sand and the rest ofclay, with very little vegetable fertility,
being the third in common enumeration. Warieties ofit are
termed Bhad-khdiki and Bhatd-pdrdmi, It is also de
scribed as land not retentive of moisture.
BHURA, H. () ?, भूप्ा) Land belonging to a village lying
farthest from the inhabitants.
BHURARI, BHooRUREE, H. (.9xं) Corn remaining in
the ear after it has been trodden down, especially appli
cable to the grains of the Rabi crop.
BHURDAND, Mar. (भूरदण्ड) Money paid, or a fine imposed,
to counterbalance a profit unjustly suspected of having
been improperly made. A fine, a forfeit. Money op
pressively exacted or carelessly lost.
BHURi, IBHURBHURi, Hindi (.9xं, भूरी, ५.3xं,५:, भुरभुरी)
Light sandy soil.
BHURsi, IBHURf, Mar. (भुरशी, भुरी) Mould. See BURA.
BHUS, BHUSA, BHOOS, BHOOSA, also with the vowel short,
BHUS, &c., H. (C**ः ५५x:), Mar. (भुसा, भुंसा, भुंस,
भूस), S. (बुस:) The husk or chaff of corn. The straw.
Bhais4- or Bhains6-jins, (U~ं-५.39a) All kinds of
grain in husk.
Bhasdr or Bhamsar, corruptly, IBharsar, Mar. (from भूसा)
A generic term used chiefly in marketing, for grains,
grasses, and esculent culms.
Bhasdr ं, Mar. (भुसारी) A grain-dealer, a corn-chandler.
A petty shopkeeper or chandler ; also one who husks or
cleans grain.
Bhaisauri, also Bhtischrd and Bhisaula, H. (.9x39a,
!r(*“**; ***ं) Room in a house where straw is kept.
Bhatsdrcam, H. (७५०*) A tax on boats carrying grain.
JBhatsrd, IBhoosra, H. (!)~xं) An inferior kind of wheat.
BHUT, Beng. (ञ्जूट) Rescission of an order. Reversing
any thing.
BHUT, BHooT, also BHUTA, H. &c. (from S. भूत, been, be
come, past part. of भू. to be) A ghost, an evil spirit. Any
living being. A material element. (In law) Matter of fact,
the real state of the case.
Bhttt- or Dhatta-bali, H. &c. (S. वfलं, asacrifice) Offerings
84
BH
to maligmant spirits, or to ghosts and goblins. Offerings
to demons or spirits at funerals, Offerings to all creatures.
JDhatta chaturdasi, S. &c., (चतुर्दशी) The 14th of the dark
half of Aswin, when offerings are made to malignant
Spirits.
Bhatta-decata, H. &c. (S. देवता) A spirit worshipped as
a diwinity.
JBhatt-liumdd, Mar. (?) A tax on witches or persons pro
fessing to exorcise evil spirits.
Bhait-lihet, H. (from S. भूत, and क्षेत्रं, a field) A field or
land granted to the Pahan for the cost of sacrifices to
propitiate the evil spirits (South-west frontier).
JDhaita-?/ajna, S. (यज्ञः, sacrifice) Worship of all creatures ;
also, offerings to evil spirits.
Bhaty6ं, Mar. (भुव्चा) A mendicant devotee of the goddess
Bhavānf.
BHUT, H. (e-ºx:, भूट, but it is probably only a various
spelling of.Bhair भूड्, ५. v.) Land irretentive of moisture.
BHUTTA, H.(Uं) Indian corn, maiZe. Mar. (भुटा, भुट्टा)
An ear of Indian corn.
JBhute- or Bhutte-chor, Mar. (भुटे-, भुछेचोर) A petty thief
BHwNS, H. (U~ं) A buffalo.
IBlij/mssonda, H. (?) A tax or cess for the privilege of
graZing buffaloes.
BIAJ, also BIAZ, H. (K' ं, बीस्राज), WyAJ, g. v., Mar (व्याज)
Interest on money or grain. In the north-western provinces,
the interest paid by the cultivators on the advances made to
them by the shopkeepers for their subsistence and repair
of agricultural implements, for seed, and for the Government
reWenue. What is borrowed between Asharh and Kartik
they repay after the autumn harvest, with 2 anas per
rupee, or about l2 per cent., addition. What they borrow
between Aghan and Phalgun they repay with the same
addition after the Rabi. Khet karm.
.Bidju, H. ७-५५) Capital put out at interest.
Bijj-khaibar, Uriya (6च॥१४||२६|6) Usury.
BIAR, H. G५) Seed-bed (Delhi). Evening (Sagar). Waste
land fit for cultivation (Lower Doab). Subdivision of a
village, Synonymous with Patt{, ५. v.
BIAS, H. (U~५५) Land prepared for sowing in the fol
lowing year. Land under preparation for rice.
BIBAD, Ben., but also in most dialects, (दिदff, more
correctly, S. ciudda fववाद:) Dispute, argument, con
troversy ; a Suit at law.
BIBHAd, Ben. &c, (विजiºl, more correctly, S. cibhdga
 BI BI

fवभागः) Portion, partition, division. Share of in

heritance.
BicHAR, Ben. &c. (दिप्रोक्तं, more correctly, S. WicHARA,
विचार:) Discussion, consideration, investigation, trial.
Bichdr-karttd, Ben. &c. (दिप्रोद्भदश्ड़्) A judge.
BIDRI, H. (.9As) A kind of mixed metal of copper and
tin, of which vessels and hukka bottoms are made ; so
called from its being originally made at Bidar.
BipU,Tel. (ं9ॐo), Bi DUKADU, Karn. (८०eॐo०व्)ॐo) waste,
uncultivated land.

Bichairah, Ben. &c. (दिष्ोद्भदह) An investigator, a com BioA, or BidANU, Karn. (४०९x, ४०e KंC) The father of a

missioner, a judge. son's wife or daughter’s husband ; a person related by

BICHHAITi, corruptly, BECHAITf and BEDCHAITf, Mar.
(बिञ्छाड्ती, from बिळिानां, a mat, a bed, &c.) A petty
dealer who does not keep a shop, but carries his goods
to a fair or market, or exhibits them in a street, or on
the steps ofa door, on a mat or cloth spread on the ground.
Bior wAi, IBiCHwANi, H. (from ँ, intermediate, cs;*: ,
',ञ्*:) Am umpire, an arbitrator, a middleman.
BicinA, Hindi (षीचरा) Seeds sown for the purpose of
raising plants to be transplanted, especially rice seedlings.
marriage.
Bijati, Karn. (०९%9) A sister-in-law, the mother of a
son's wife or daughter’s husband.
BrGAR, corruptly, BEEGAH, Mar. (बिगार) Forced labour,
compulsory and uncompensated serviee. See IBegdr.
IBigdri, also, IBegari, Mar. (बिगारी) A forced or pressed
labourer.
BiGHA, IBEEGHA, corruptly, BEEGA, BEEGAH, BEGAH, &c.,
H. (५.K.५) BIGHA, Mar. (बिघा) A measure of land,

BipA, H. (l5g) Mounds, raised ground (Oudh). Perhaps varying in extent in different parts of India. The standard
a corruption of JBihar, ५. v Bigha of the revenue surveys of the morth-west provinces
BIDA, H. (log, from the A gle) BrDAw, Ben. (दिङ्गiष) is egual to B02ं sGuare yards, or ईths of an acre. In
Taking leave, granting leave, dismissal. Bengal, the Bighā contained only l000 sguare yards, or
BIDAAT, H. (A. ५-~ee५) Nowelty or change in religion, little less tham हैd of an acre. In Benares it was, at
heresy, schism ; also, oppression. the time of the settlement, determined at $180 S५uare
BrpANrvA, Ben. (दिज्iनिपi) An umpire. yards, In other parganas it was egual to 2025, to 8000,
Bi DAR, Hindi (बीदग्) A sort of rake or harrow worked by or to 892छ sguare yards. A Kachha (an immature or
oxen to loosen the soil and extricate weeds from among crude) Bigha is in some places a third, in others only a
the standing crops of young rice. fourth of a full or standard IBighā. Akbar’s Bigha con
Bidar-parot4, Hindi (बीदरपरोता) Dressing the rice crops, tained 8000 Ilahi-gaZ, which have been consideredas edual
first by raking, and then passing a roller over the field. to the B02ā sguare yards of the Bighf of Hindustan.
BIDARU, IBIDURU, Karn. (४० ँंO, ०ं9CO) A bambu. Mr. Elliot specifies the following as some of the va
BrDAnu, Tel. (०८२ं9) BrDARA, Karn. (००० ँ) A troop riations found in the Upper Provinces :
Bighas. Biswas. Kattas.
of grain carriers, or Banjaras : their camps : a herd Farakhabad - - - - - - I00 acres= l7छे l2 0
of loaded cattle, a number of bullocks carrying grain, East and South Gorakhpur - - , =102 I0 7
grain in a heap. In Karnata, also, a load of any other Allahabad & part ofAZimgerh, , = l77 5 6
Part of AZimgerh & GhaZipur, , = l54 6 8
articles, as Aralibiddra, a piled heap of cotton packs; Bijnur - - - - - - - - ** = 187 19 15
= 582 8 0
Kobar1biddra, a heap of cocoa-nuts in bags, &c. In the Upper Doab (Kachha) - **

Br D'HI, H., and in most dialects, (.*५, S. pidhi, विधि:)
Rule, precept, prescribed rule or ceremony, statute law.
Badhibat, H. &c. (बिधिबतु, more correctly, Widhicat)
Conformably to rule, precept; gr law.
BipfKEvAwARU, Karn. (४०९०९C०Coॐ ँ७) Persons
ing corn, cotton, &c., from one part of the country to
another.
Buorop, Tel. (००7) A favourable or guit-rent.
Bipr KE, Karn. (०९०पै) A herd of loaded cattle, the pile
of their loads.
85
In Cuttack the Bigha is now considered to be an English
acre. The Maratha Bighd is called twenty Painds, or
400 sguare Kathis or rods, each five cubits and five
hand-breadths ः as the rod varies, so does the Bighā :
carry under the Aadil Shahi dynasty it was egual to 488a
sguare yards, or only 457 sguare yards less than an
English acre. The Gu2erat Bighā contains only 284र्क्
sGuare yards.
Bijhati, or IBijhdoti, corruptly, IBegehree, Deegotee, Dee
ghari, IBighari, IBigharni, H. (ं,. ँ;५*ं) Accord
Z _
 BI
ing to measurement by Bijhds; as revenue assessed at so
much per Bijhd ; also, division of lands by Bighās
among coparceners. Settlement of the revenue per Bighā,
with reference also to the guality and produce of the
lands, generally made at a money rate, but sometimes in
kind. A coparcenary willage, in which the lands are dis
tributed among the sharers in Bighās and their fractional
parts.
IBijhd-dam, H. (from dam, ple, price) Settlement of the
revenue at so much per Bighā, especially in willages
held in common, in which the lands are apportioned in
Bighās, and the assessment proportionably rated.
Bijha-d4n, H. (?) Rate levied on the sharers of an im
perfect Pattidārf village, to make good any deficiency of
revenue left by the produce of the land held in common.
(? If this and the preceding are not essentially the same)
Bigh6-daftari, corruptly, IBejhah-dufter/, H. (from the
P. _PGe, a record) Official record of the measurement of
the lands of a district im Bighās in the time of Akbar.
Bijhdnagं, corruptly, IBegoromee, Mar. (बिघावणी) Assess
ment of willages at a stipulated rate per Bijhd. Reduction
into Bighds of measurements by a different standard.
BrGHA, BEEGHA, Thug. A term used by the Thugs of
Behar and Bengal to express a Share of the spoil.
Bi HAN, Hindi, (बीहन) Seed. Puraniya.
BrHANp, BEEHUND, H. (A५५) Land cut up by torrents,
broken land abounding with ravines.
BIHAR, BEEHUR, H. 9+}:) Sterile land, land unewen and
broken into ruts and ravines. (No doubt the same as
the preceding, differently pronounced).
BiHNop, BIIINoNp, H. 9;५.५, विहनोड) Land on which the
plants of rice or other grain are sown for transplanting.
BIH RI, H. ( ५9*, P. 9-(*, a share) A subscription, a con
tribution, an extra cess or assesSment. In Benares, a
ward or street rate, or a contribution from each house
for cleaning and repairing the drains. (See IBeluri : the
words are no doubt the same, Slightly waried in pronun
ciation).
BfJ, BEEJ, H., and in most dialects, (a*d, S. pāja, वीजं)
Seed, lit. or fig., as origin, cause, commencement, &c.
Bij4ः, H. (.४५*:, विजाई) A portion of seed corn which
the poorer classes are allowed to take from the field ; see
Bgjicar ’ also the portions of corn given to the willage
smith, carpenter, barber, and washerman, by each cul
tiwator.
80;
BI
Bijanar, Karn. (८०९eछव्)ॐ०) Extent of land computed
according to the guantity of seed reguired to be sown
in it (Mysore). Allowance for such corn (Madras). Read
also IBijioari.
Bijkhad, H. (c५४ 3ं) Advance of seed and food to
agriculturists (Rohilkhand).
JBijmdr, H. OL० ह्र्यं । from m4raiga, destroying) Failure
of germination of the seed.
JBij-paraca, Tel. Land actually sown (Bellary),
Bij-parmia, (? prameya) chi patti, Mar. (?) An account
kept by the willage accountant of the guantity of land
sown, and the amount of revenue due upon it.
Ab{j, or Nirb{j, H. (from S. bij or oij, with the privative
a or mir prefixed) Seed that does not germinate.
Bi.JAk, H., and in most dialects, (५4-५*५) A note of grain
when stored ; thence, a note or memorandum attached to
any article of trade or transport, as a ticket, a label, a
list, an inwoice.
BiJAn,Bi.JUR, H. O*५) Asort of soil in which the cerealia
are generally sown (Lower Doab).
BJHERIvA, H. (५A4*५) A tribe of Rajputs in the district
of Gorakhpur.
Bi.JHoNIA, H. (५G94*d) A tribe of Rajputs in the Zilla of
Jonpur.
BrHISHTi, H. (Lं.*५:, from the P. ५--~**:, paradise) A
water-bearer.
BIKRI, H. &c. (-9*, from the S. विक्रय:) BIKRAy, BIRRi,
Ben. (दिकप, दिङ्की) Sale, selling.
Bihrā-pola, Ben. Uriya, (दितःिीट्?ीलi) A salt store where
Government salt is sold by retail.
BI KwAN, H. (७'*ं) A branch of the Gaur-tagd tribe
(North-west Provinces).
BIL, Ben. (दिल, S. विल, a hole) A lake, a pond, a swamp,
low marshy ground.
BiL, H. (U५) A spade, a hoe, See Bel.
Bilddr, H. (Ale'ं) A digger, a miner, a pioneer. See
IBelda?’.
BLLABANDi, IBILABUNDEF, or BILAHBANDI, corruptly,
BEELABUNDy, H. Ben. (.४AG५ ४५, दिलीदन्ती, possibly
from दिन , to arrange, to allot, or a vernacular variety
of IBeluri and Dehri-bamdi, ५. v.) An account of the
revenue settlement of a district, specifying the name of
each Mahal, the farmer of it, and the amount of the
rent. In the north-west provinces, Bila-bandi usually
means an arrangement for Securing the payment of the
 BI
revenue. In Behar it is said to imply the annual dis
tribution of the portions of the lands among the Ryots
for their respective cultivation.
Bida-ddr, H.(9'e ४५)Acollectorofthe revenue(Central India).
BII., H. A. (a contraction of the Arabic preposition ५--*, bi,
and article al, J', prefixed to many words, forming
compounds in daily use, several of which are employed
technically as well as generally) In, with, by, &c.
Bil-ijmail, H. (A. JU~～'ं) In the whole (as an estate
without co-parceners.
IBi-l-dhs, H. A. (U~*ु५) On the contrary.
(u)xंJ५) In fact, indeed, actually.
IBi-l-fail, H. A.
Bi-l-kul, H. A. (U9५) Universally, entirely.
JPi-l-maktd, IBil mu//td, corruptly, IBilmaookta, IBilmokta,
IBilmugta, H., but adopted in various dialects, (A. ee-AJ५)
According to agreement, stipulated, fixed, consolidated ;
applied especially to a tenure by which a Ryot holds his
land at a fixed rate per plough or per Bighā, or to the
engagement by which his rent is fixed for a given term,
without liability to enhancement. In Benares it was ap
plied to the fixed or consolidated revenue, including in one
aggregate the Mal, or land-tax, and Abwftb, or miscella
neOus CeSSeS_ In the Northern Circars, IBil-makhtd, Tel.
(८०e, श्य` ) was applied to a fixed ५uit-rent or revenue
assessed at a rate below the usual standard. In the
South it implies land or a village held at a fixed rate.
See Agrahdram.
Bil-maktd Indm, H. A. (A. ,५) A grant of land at a
low fixed rent.
Bil-makta jand, H. A. (e-A-) Consolidated revenue,
stipulated assessment.
Bil-makta-mukhd8a, H. (A. A.०५ञ्-*) A village held
either rent-free, or at a low stipulated Guit-rent.
IBil-mahta pattd, H. A. (H. पट्टा) A lease for a gross
aggregate rent, one in which the laud-tax and all other
cesses or Abwaibs were consolidated.
Bil-maktd Tºdi, H. M. ( ५-sf9) Consolidated rent or assess
ment, aggregate rate per Bighā.
BLA, H. A. (*५) Without; a preposition and prefix to many
terms in common use.
Bila bandi H. (P. .so-५, a binding) Doing any thing,
as cultivating land, pending the final adjustment of the
conditions. BiND, BEEND, H. (AG.५) A reed, a rush, a landmark.
Bilā sharat, or Dila mashrit, H. (from A. ४,ं, an । BIN pA, Mar. (बिंडा) A mass of cotton or cordage rolled
agreement, or **-०, agreed) Unconditional, absolute :
87
BI
a grant of land or the like without amy condition, as of
service, &c., being attached to it.
BiLA, BEELA, see Dela, H. &c. (P. }५) Money distributed
to the poor from the private funds or privy purse of a
man of rank. According to Gladwin (Wocabulary), Funds
appropriated to the support of the ladies or other mem
bers of the family of a Nawaib.
Br I.GARi, Thug. An extensive jangal or waste, a convenient
spot for murder.
Bf LHA, Thug. A great enemy of the Thugs. A leper. A
man deprived of his nose and ears. One much emaciated
by sickness.
BILfA, Thug. A brass cup ; technically, a place for mur
dering or burying the victims, IBilia marjana (? for
mairjama), to clean the cup, i. e. to choose a spot where
to commit murder.
BILKHARIA, H. (*४,*५) A tribe of Rājputs of the Bachg/ot{
Chauham stock, so named from Bilkhar in Oudh.
BILLADUGU, Tel. (?) An allowance of grain made to the
person appointed to measure it.
Bip.U, Karn. (०९४०) Waste, uncultivated land.
J%lddahola, Karn. (&०९छ्व्ॐ ॐvo०) A fiold lying waste.
BiLU BrTTI, Karn. (०९ॐ ॰ है,) The guantity of seed
reduired to sow a given extent of land.
BiMA, BEEMA, also BiMAN, BEEMAN, H. (५ ५ ७५.५)
Insurance.
Bis, Mar. (वी', from S. वीज) Sced, especially as kept for
sowing
Bijabiancald, Mar. (बींबिंवळा) Seeds, slips, roots, or any
thing of the kind for sowing or setting.
BiNA, BEENA, H. (U५) A sort of long grass.
BINAHA, IBINNAHA, BINNAPA, Karn. ( ४०5ऽॐ, ४०ॐं,००,
४०.७9ं), from S. cijnapti, विज्ञप्तःि) Petition, respectful
statement or re५uest.
BrsAHAR, BNUHUR, H. ७:५) A gatherer of cotton (from
L५, binnd, to pick). Benares, Elsewhere termed Paihdr,
JPaihara, or Pui.
BINAI, BINAwAT, H. (.s'ं, ५-29५) Weawing.
IBINAULA, H. ( ं;५) Cotton seed : it is used as fodder for
cattle.
B, NAURIA, H. (&9५) A weed which grows in fields sown
for the kharif crops : it is used as fodder.
। together, a small load or bundle (of sticks, grass, &c.).
 BI
BiNDA, BEENDA, H. (lod.५) A kind of rope made ofgrass ।
or of the fibres of the Arher plant.
BINDERI, Thug. A sword.
BINDU, Thug. A Hindu.
BIPAKH, Ben. (S. दि*श्ये, S. fवपघ्छ्) An opponent (in a suit).
BIPAL, H. (c५. S. fवपल) A measure of time, either the
Same as a Pal or second, or #th of a second.
BIPHAI, H. ( ५.sं) also, BHIPHAI, (.*ं) S. (Wrihaspati,
वृहस्पति:) Thursday.
Bi R, BEER, H. (A:) Pasturage, grass land.
BiRA, BEERA, H. ()A५, बीरा) Rate of rent of lands ac
cording to the guality of the soil and value of the crops.
J%rd beshi, H. (P. ८s***, Surplus) Increase of rent with
increased value of produce.
Bi RA, Bi RA, or Bi Rf, corruptly, BEREE or BEEDEE, An
glicised BETEL, H. (४५ ].५, बीडा, बीडी, S. वीटिका) A
Pan or Paun, or small pieces of areka-nut, spice, catechu,
and sometimes a little guick-lime, rolledup in a leaf of the
piper-betel, to be slowly masticated, answering the pur
pose of an aromatic, astringent, and alkalescent condiment.
It is much used by the matives of all parts of India, and
is commonly presented from one to another, in token of
civility or affectiom. It is also given in confirmation of
an assurance of a pledge or promise, and among the
Rajputs is sometimes exchanged as a pledge of defiance.
BIRANA, or, vernacularly, Bi RNA-KHAR, Hindi, (बीरनाखर,
from S. वीरण) A tough coarse grass spreading over
uncultivated lands which are inundated yearly, and re
movable only by digging.
BIRAR, Dakh. O)ं) A drove of bullocks laden with grain,
cotton, &c. ; also Bri:KI, –ं)
BIRAR, Thug. The fighting of cats, or their cries when
fighting.
Bi RBANf, BEERBANEE, H. ( ५*9-५, from cir or bir (Lat. cir)
a man, and bdmi, a form of the possessive affix, having a
man, or husband) A term used among the Jats, and in
the north-west provinces, to designate a man's own wife.
Bi RGUJAR, BIRGO0JUR, also BARGUJAR, BURGO0JUR, H.
(9-*ं) One of the thirty-six royal races of Rājputs,
settled chiefly along the Jumna, from Rohilkhand to
Mathurā. Their chief town was Anupsheher, the rulers of
which, as well as the branch of Katehr Birgtijars, are
Hindus, but the other tribes are Mohammadans, although
adopting the Hindu title of Thākur along with the Mo
hammadan appellation, as, Thākur Akbar Ali Khān.
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The Mohammedan tribes retain many Hindu customs, so
that, as Mr. Elliot remarks, it is almost doubtful which
religion they prefer, According to some of their traditions,
they migrated into the Doab from Dajore, in the Macheri
country ; to others, from Deosar, in Jaypur, whence
they were expelled by the Kachwahas. Rathor tradition
places them in the vicinity of the hills bordering Rohil
khand in the fifth century.
BrRHAr), or BIRHAR, Mar. (बिन्हाड) Lodging, residence in
a lodging for a time.
Birhdd bdjalep, Mar. (बिन्हाडबाजाले) A traveller’s bag
and baggage ; lit., LOdging and bedstead.
Birhad War{, Mar. (बिन्हाडकर्णी) A lodger.
BIRHANA, H. (Ute);) ILands in which culinary herbs are
grown.
BrRHERIA, H. (५As,:) A branch of the Chumar tribe.
BIRINJ, H. P. (ं) Rice.
Birinj4ri, H. (P. )l , who brings) A dealer in rice fol
lowing camps; more correctly, IBanjari, ५. w.
Birinjphal, H. A sort of rice.
BrRJIA, H. (५-9ं) A division of the Ahir tribe.
BIRKA, H. (४A) A pond, a small well.
BIRMBHAT, H. (e-५*७,?) A branch of the Bhat tribe,
whose office is the recitation of ancestral exploits at family
festivals. They are hired for the occasion. They reside
permanently in willages and towns, and do not lead a
migratory life, like some of the other Bhftts. See Bhait.
BIRoD'H, Ben. &c. (दिट्त्रंथं, from the S. cirodha) Liti
gation, opposition.
BIRRA, H. (४7ं) Gram and barley sown in the same field.
In the Delhi district, chana or gram injured by wet.
In East Oudh, a ceremony connected with the building
of a house.
BIRRA, H. (श्रैः, but more correctly, 9-५, detail) Entry of
the different crops of the willage lands under separate
heads in the Patwari's account.
Birr6-bardr, H. (9'A%, but apparently either a various
reading, or an error for Beluri-bardr, ५. w.) Collection in
kind (Central Doab). Mr. Elliot suggests its derivation
from 'Birat,’ separation on account of the crops being
divided before appropriation, or from the Birra of the
JPatngdji.
BIRT, or BRIT, H. (५-9:, from S. Critti, वृश्विः, maintenance,
Support, means of livelihood) Grant or endowment to any
person for his maintenance, or for religious and charitable
 BI BI

objects. Proprietary right, whether acguired by purchase, exercise the entire management of their willages, not
inheritance, or grant, heritable and transferable, subject liable to be ousted, holding an hereditary and transferable
to payment of revenue, either to Government, or to the tenure, and subject to enhancement of rent only when
Raja or Zamindar, when not Specially exempt. A right, the Government revenue is increased. (They do not ap
custom, or privilege derived from the performance of pear, therefore, to differ essentially from Ryots holding
offices, whether secular or religious. A right to perform hereditary property under a Zamindar, and not liable to
certain offices claimed by different castes. Fees to family dispossession as long as paying their rent ; except that
priests. IBirt, as used in Gorakhpur, has been supposed . they are analogous to village Zamindars in excluding the
to indicate a peculiar tenure ; but it does not seem to district Zamindar from interference in the management
have any especial sense, or to be more than a local of the willages.)
term, eduivalent to other terms indicating a grant of | BIRwA, H. (bA) A tree. In East Oudh, The labourer em
land, either rent-free or at a stipulated rent, being merely ployed to raise water with the Beri, ५. v.
a grant of land made originally by the Rajas of Gorakh JPirrodhi, H. (JP';A) An orchard. (From Birrod, a tree),
pur and Benares, and held in absolute and hereditary BlsAH, H. (४५.५) Purchase, buying.
right upon payment of a stipulated rent or revenue to Disahru, H. GA~५) A purchaser.
the representatives of the original granter. The rent is BISAL, Thug. A person intended to be killed, but who has
liable tooccasional adjustment, and to increase,ifthe Govern- clothes round his neck, or some hindrance to strangu
mentdemand on the Raja be increased, Although not liable to lation. A victim awkwardly handled, A Thug with
be dispossessed as long as the rent is paid, yet the occupant traces of his crime on his dress.

may be ousted, for a time at least, during which he is | BisANAM, Mal. (?) A second or lighter crop (Travancore).
entitled to Malikfina. He is also considered as at all | BisANDHI, Thug. Fetters, any metal utensil.
times entitled to the Jalkar and Bankar, or products of BISAR, H. 9५~:) Loan of seed, to be repaid with increase
the waters and the woods.-Revenue Report, Commons, after harvest.

App. iii. 81, par. B80. Warious kinds of Birt are specified
as recognised in Gorakhpur : as
.Wican IBirf, H. (५-9? o99*त- ; lit., maintenance for living ;)
An assignment by the Raja to a younger son and his
descendants of willages in perpetuity, granting them by
Patta, or deed of lease, and receiving a fixed sum as rent.
An allowance to the family of an old servant deceased.
Warrrat Dirt, H. (५“-9: c“-%A०, from Marnd, to die) Com- | BISBN, H. (JA.५) A powerful tribe of Rajputs in the
pensation in land to the family of a man killed in the
service of the Raja, chargeable with half the rent of a
village held as IBirt on the usual terms.
Sankalp IBirt, H. (५“-2; '-~～~~, from S. Sankalpa, संकल्प:,
a vow) A religious grant to a Brahman, and held at first
rent-free, but latterly subject to a small payment.
Birta, H. (in Nepal) Grant of land rent-free in absolute
property and for ever.
IBirtid, H. (५GA) One holding a Birt, or subsistence
grant of any description, upon the terms of the grant.
In Gorakhpur, the IBirtias, according to Mr. Elliot, pay
a fixed yearly sum, eguivalent to 20 per cent. of the
Government revenue, on account of the Raja or superior
landholder ; but they are the owners of the soil, and
89
BisAT, H. (e-º५.५, less correctly, 'e५.५) Mar. (बिशात)
Stock, capital, goods, means.
BISATi (A. _*५~?, _०५~:, from the A. ka.५, a bed, a car
pet) A pedlar, a hawker ; a trader not keeping a shop,
but exposing his wares on a carpet or mat Spread on the
ground. (The notion is the same as is expressed by
JDichhdit{, g. v., and the terms are probably confounded.)
eastern parts of the north-west provinces, the head of
whom is the Raja of Salempur Majjhauli.
(U*, also
BISH, corruptly, BEESH and BEESIt w, H. &c.
written and pronounced BrkH, ॰ं, S. विष:, cisha)
Poison in general, but usually applied to a root used
sometimes in medicine (aconitum ferox). The fibrous
stalk of the lotus (from S. विशा),
BisHA, Uriya (६:।) A brass weight egual to 20
palas.
BISHKAPRA, H. (9****)
A kind of spreading grass used
in medicine (trianthema pentandra).
BisHNPRiT or PREET, corruptly, BISHUN PEREET, H. &c.
(c“-४,ं५, S. विष्णु, cishnu and prita, प्रीत, grateful to,
beloved by) whence also Dislamuprit, IBen. (विपूंी)
2 A
 BI
Lands held rent-free by Brahmans, or religious persons,
professing the especial Service of the deity Wishmu.
Bishnprit-ddr, H. (P.)le, who has) A Brahman holding
lands granted in honour of Wishnu. _*
BISHNoTTAR, corruptly, BISHNowATTUR, H. &c. (9*५,
S. विष्णोच्चारणं) Land held rent-free by Brahmans profess
ing the worship of Wishmu, or granted in honour of that
divinity ः hence also, Baishmaoottar (from Baishmag, a
follower of Wishnu).
BISHNowr, H. (.3;.*५) A tribe of growing importance in
some parts of the north-west provinces, combining Hindu।
and Mohammedan practices and belief, generally terming
themselves Sheikhs, but adding the title to a Hindu mame.
BISHT, H. (७e-4५) A provincial term in Kamaon for a
kind of Talukddr, appointed by Government.
Bisf, BEESEE, H. ( ५५) A measure of weight, commonly
a Wis or Wis:, egual to five Sers. In Garwhal and
Kamaon, a dry measure ; also a measure of land egual to
20 nalis, and 4800 sguare yards, In Rangpur, a land
measure egual to I6 dhams.
Brsi, BlsEE, Uriya, (6a1) A fiscal division of the county
a province or district paying revenue under the Hindu
Government of Orissa : also termed Bishe (from S.cishaya,
विषय:, a country).
JBissoi, or Bishaj/i, read also, Bisaye, (?) Uriya, The chief
of a district in Orissa, collecting the Government revenue,
and exercising police and judicial authority. The Des
mukh of the Marathas.
BisNI, Thug- A Thug, a thief, amy one living by plunder.
BrsoDHAN, Ben., Uriya, &c. (दि८ंश्iiथन् , S. fवशोधनं, lit.,
making clean or pure) Acguitting, discharging, as
a debt.
/*isodhan patra, Ben. &c. (१च, a document) An ac
५uittance, a receipt, a written discharge or release.
PIswA, H. (४x५, विश्व, from Dis C~५, S. cinsati fवंशति BrTAURA, H. ();ं) A heap of dried cow-dung.
twenty) Lit., a twentieth, but applied especially to the
twentieth part of a Bijhd. It is also used to express a
proportionate share of proprietary right in a willage which
is conventionally taken as a Bijhd, divisible into twenty
parts distributed among the sharers ; as, a holder of five
/*iंfrds is proprietor of one-fourth ; of ten IBi8)cas, of a
half; of one Disica, of one-twentieth ; of half a IBi8rca,
of one-fortieth, &c.
JDismoa-bardr, H. 9'ं, वरार:, tax) Assessment or col
lection ofthe revenue upon the Bismgas or Sharesof the land.
90
BI
JBi8foaddr, H. (P. 9'e, who has) The holder of a share or
Shares in a coparcenary willage.
JBismoad4ri, H. (P. ५9'9x having) Proprietary tenure in
Bismoas, or shares so designated, Also the tenure of in
dependent willage communities holding under a superior
Talukdar, as in Aligarh, Mynpuri, and Gorakhpur. In
some places, as in the Delhi district, the term is eguiva
lent to Pattiddri or Zamindari. (In that case the deri
vation is probably different, and it may come from the
S. oisna विश्व, all, whole),
Bisnak, Mar. (बीखकः, from S. विंशति, twenty) The
twentieth part of a Pad, which is the twentieth of a
IBijhd. The Basicak is one sguare Kati, or rod, which,
howewer, varies in length.
JBismali, Uriya (ag|.1) Land assigmed to the JKhan
d4yat, or head of a division called a Khanda (or, more
probably, the land assigned to the Dissoi, the H. Khand
and U. Bish6 meaning the same),
Bismudmsa, or Bismcamsi, H. (*~~''～~~～' , from IBisca, and S.
स्त्रंश amsa, portion) The fraction of a Bismoa, usually
the twentieth.
BI$wi, H. (cs;***१, बिष्वी) The holder of a Bismca, or share,
in which character the person may be appointed by a col
lector of revenue to collect the dues of the other Sharers.
Alienation of lands on a low Guit-rent or payment of a
fine (East Oudh). In the north-west prowinces it some
times implies a deduction of two Biswas per each Bighā
cultivated by under-temants, claimed as his right by the
landlord or lessor.
BiTA, BEETA, H. (षीता, more correctly, perhapS, BHITf,
q. v.) Lands of a willage that have existed from time im
memorial, in opposition to lands recently acguired by
alluvial deposit. _
BrTA or BHfTA, Thug. A hundred.
BipAURi, Hindi (बीटीरी) A tax upon artificers and shop
keepers for permission to work or trade in a village
Puraniya. _
BrयुHAR, H. (e-Aं) Ant-hills (East Oudh and Benares) ;
also a seat or platform where people meet to converse.
See IBaitha/.. •*
Bir RH ºr, H. (e-५.3 e-५५) I-ands on which forced or un
reduited labour is demanded from the Ryots by the owner
of the village.
Brयू- or BID LAwAN, corruptly, BrrNoBEN, Hindi (बिट or
 BI BI

fबड लवण) A kind ofmedicinal salt, commonly known as B67amu-oddu, Tel. (१S*xंo७०ऽण्ॐ७) A dancing girl.
black salt, formed by fusing common salt with Bmblic JD60amudi or Bhdjandi, Tel. (१S`xंoo०, १S*x०b)
myrobalan. A dancing girl.
BrTRA-BANDI, H. (.sA५ ],ं) Arrangements for Securing BOGASE, Karn. (ं०xहै७) The two hands joined so as to
the revenue (Sagar). See BILA-BANDI. hold any thing ; whence it comes to imply the small per
BITTADAHOLA, Karn. (४० टै,ॐ&०००) A field left fallow. Guisites granted to the willage servants measured by
BrTTE, Karn. (० *) Performance of inferior offices in a handfuls.

village, as porterage, &c., for fees in grain, or lands BoHAUDIA, H. (५exxx) Acultivator who has not a plough,
exempt from rewenue. and either works with a hoe or a borrowed plough.
BrrTं-KHADI, Karn. (ंशब्e) A cess levied in lieu BoHNI, H. ( 'ं BAt Nr, Ben. (वज्रेनि), B6NI, Tel.
ofa piece of cloth formerly exacted annually from each loom. Karn. (४Sां ), Mar. (बोहनी) The first money received
BrTrrwAwA, BiTTIvAI.U, Karn. (ं॰३, ं॰ब्१०) A during the day, or the first ready-money sale by shop
free porter. keepers and hucksters. Handsel. No credit is given for
BrTr E wETTU, Karn. (Pं) A tax levied in Mysore the article first sold.

in lieu of bullocks formerly reduired from the willages
for the conveyance of grain to the Paligars.
BITTUwADU, (थ्39,ं०ॐ०) Sowing seed.
BITU, BEEToo, Thug. Any person not a Thug.
Brw UTAT, H. (५-99*५, pl. of bait, a house, lit-, house ex
penses) A term applied to lands in the neighbourhood of
Agra that were assigned originally to members of the
royal family, but had come under general cultivation.
BrZAAT or BAZAAT, A. (o--~e७4ं) Agency, commission, in
which the profit on the sale accrues to the proprietor of
the article sold, and is not divided between the owner
• and the agent. Capital. Stock in trade.
Bo, H.9: , root of JB0-nd, to sow) Cultivation. Sowing seed.
Bodi or Bodrd, ५.s' ं, '9'x) Sowing seed. Time for Sowing.
Boyar, H. 9**, बोयर) Land that never lies fallow.
JBob, H. (v--2}) Sowing grain by the drill (Bundelkhand),
BoHRA, incorrectly, BoRAH, H. ()**, S. pyacahdr{ व्यवहारी,
a trader, a man of affairs), also BoHARA, BoHARf, or Bo
HARf, Mar. (बोहारा, बोह्री, बोहार्णी) A banker. A money
lender, or merchant of a particular tribe so called, usually
receiving any article of marketable value in payment of
money advanced. The Bohras appear to have originated
in Gu2erat, where they became converts to Mohammad
anism, but they are settled in many parts of central and
western India and in the north-west prowinces.
B6i, IBoEE, Tel. (थ्Sा"०ooo) A man of the fisherman-caste,
but whose usual avocation is also the carrying of litters
and palankins, and who is employed as a domestic servant
at Madras, where the word is pronounced like, and con
founded with, the English "boy ः” also written and
pronounced " Bhoi,” g. w.
B0iDU, Tel. (१ST००ov ँo) A man of the cow-herd or

Bo bachh, H. (**-५ .3x) Assessment to be realised on shepherd-caste.

actual cultivation (Delhi). BouH, H. (&-9:), Ben. BoJA or BouHA, (८दञ्जिl, ८दभि1,
JBonā, H. ५.*;) Sowing. Seed-time. Hindi (बीभता) A sheaf or bundle of grain or grass ; also,
BoBHATA, Mar. (बोभाटा) Notoriety. Publicity of what ought a load, a burthen. A load of corn edual to five Dhokas,
to be kept Guiet. General outcry. A clamorous com but the measure varies in different districts, and also ac
plaint or accusation. cording to the crops. The first of the pans placed for
BoDA, H. (lex) A buffalo. receiving sugar from the boiler.
BoDAR, BoDUR, H. 9ex) A place to stand on whilst JBojh-batdi, H. (.stः &*) Division or Shares by stocks
throwing up water with the Dauri, or basket, from a lower or bundles of mowed corn (Rohilkhand),
to a higher lewel. BOKA, H. (9:, बोका) A basket, pail, or leather bag for
BoDDHA, Ben. ( ) A security, a bondsmam, a bail. throwing up water ; possibly connected with the Anglo
BoGAMI, Tel. (?) The chief of the left-hand caste in Dindi Saxon term IBul, IBoul, IBucket.
gul--Gl. āth Rep. BOKKASA, Karn. (ं ०ं०) Treasure.

B6GAxU, Tel. (ं `xं9०, from S. भोग, enjoyment) The JBokhasadanuane, Karn. (ं०॰०र्र) A treasury.
dancing-girl caste. BoKKENA, Tel. (ं`हु ं, from the H. boka) A bucket
91
 BO
for drawing water from a well. A leather bag for baling
out water, A grain or corn bag.
BoI.A, H. (}}}, from u!}:, to speak) Werbal agreement be
tween two parties. (In the Delhi district) agreement
between the willage lessees and cultivators as under-tenants.
/Bolams, H. (U~**) Making ower one's share to
amother.
/9olamsi, H. ( .***) The holder of a share properly be
longing to another, An adopted heir. (This and the pre
ceding are current in Benares and East Oudh, from
bolnd, to speak, and ams अंश, a share).
BOLKHATor BOLEKHUT, elsewhere written BHOLKAT, (?)Mar.
One of the accounts kept by the Kulkaranf, a debit and
credit account, shewing the amount received from the cul
tivators, and how it has been disposed of
Bor.wAN, Mar. (बोळवण) Ceremony of conducting a bride
to her husband’s house ; also, dismissal of the bridegroom’s
friends and attendants. Ceremony of propitiating Bhtttas
or evil spirits, who have entered a village, to induce them
to leave it, and conducting them with music and in
procession to the confines.
Boxt ByA, Mar. (बोष्य)ि A person in office at Gaya, who,
when a party of pilgrims arrives, precedes them, making
a noise by beating his mouth.
BoMKAR, Mar. (?) A class of weavers in Kandesh.
BoxpA or BoNpA KovvA, Tel. (ंT० ं, ंT० ॐST०98)
Stocks for confining petty offenders.
BON DU, Tel. (ंT०ॐ०) A field or crop dried up for want
of rain.
IBondu-porcadam, Tel. (?) Parched or dried-up crops,
yielding no grain. _
BoNTALU-RAsi, Tel. (?) Ears of Jamrdri retaining the grain
after threshing.
BoRA, H, Ben. (9:) A sack for holding rice.
BORo, H. Ben. (८दi८ल्) A sort of rice sown in January
and reaped in April : it is sown in low swampy ground,
or near the banks ofa river where irrigation is not rediuired.
/Boro.fasl, H. Ben. (u)~～) The season of spring, or that
in which the Boro rice is reaped.
IBo!' U, Tel. Karn. (ं) A drop. A spot. An ornament
or Spot-mark on the forehead of a bride at the time of
marriage, Sectarial mark with paint or ashes on the
forehead. Also #,th। of a pagoda.
Borrt’, Tel. (ं *ॐ9) The husk or chaff of grain after
threshing.
02
BO
BRAHMA, S. (masc. IBrahma, ब्रझt) One of the chief Hindu
deities. The agent in creation. The creator.
BRAHMA, with the final wowel short (ब्रह्म) The first cause
of all things. The Supreme Being. Also, the Wedas
collectively.
BRAHMAN, BRAIt M UN, dialectically, BAHyrAN or BoHMAN,
or, in Tamil, IPA RAPPAN or PIRRAMANAN, corruptly,
BRAMAN, BRAMIN, &c., H. (७**]ः, S. ब्राह्मन् ) A man
of the first order or caste of Hindus, properly charged
with the duty of expounding the Wedas, and conducting
the ceremonies they enjoin : in modern times, engaged
not only in such duties, but in most of the occupations
of secular life. The Brāhmans of the present day are
distinguished into a variety of divisions and subdivisions,
between most of which no social relations exist. The
first distinction is between those who maintain a sacred
fire–and are thence termed Agnihotras-and those who
do not, by far the larger proportion. A more universal
distinction is that of the five Gaurd and five Drdicira
races. The first are the Katnyakulija, or Brāhmans of
Kanuj ; Sdrasncat, or north-west of India ; Gaur, or
Bengal ; Ifaithila, or north Bahar ; Utkala, or Orissa.
The second are the Drdoira, Tailanda, Karndita,
JMahardshtra, and Gujar, or GuZerat Brahmans.
Each of these has various subdivisions. According to a
.74ti Wail4, or list of castes current in Hindustan,
the principal are thus enumerated: I. KANwA KUBJA,
four : Sarjupairi, Saricaria, Jijhaulia, and Sanaudhi/d.
2. SARAswAT, ten: IBhdradicdji, Sipoli, Chaini, Sitdlahi,
IBharati, Khahati, Itanlihati, IBoli, IMali, Graliani.
8. GAUR, six: Gaur’, Parill, IBdhinं, Khandelirti',
Sdrasm’at, Shakhmrdl. 4. 5. The Maithila and Utkala
Brāhmans have but one order. Of the five Drduiras,
the IDRAvi RA properly so termed has three divisions :
IBddam, IBrihatcharam, Ashtasaluasrd. 2. TAILANGA
has six : Tel//hdnya, IBelndd, IBegindd, Karndikammald,
J/unjandd, Kdsalm/id. 8. KARNATA, two ; Badgulndd*
Silndid. 4. MAHARASHTRA, eight : (ardde, Chitpd
?cam, De8astha, Hajurcedi, Apastambha, Abh?r, Serabut,
JKa/asthiprabha. छे. The GURJARA Brahmans are of
eighty-four tribes ; the principal of which are the Nºijard,
I/ora, Audiah, lfendra, Sri-gaur, Khcdercal and
IBhitinhdr : (some of these names are very possibly
inaccurate) There are also two classes considered ad
ditional to the whole, Stikadictpi, who came latterly, it is
 BR
said, from Sathadn'tpa, and Gaydli, said to have been
made IBrdhmams by Wydisa. Each of the above has an
infinite number of subdiwisions. The Kanouj Brāhmans,
from whom the Brāhmans of Bengal are reputed to spring,
are said to have been divided, after their settling in Bengal,
into a hundred and fifty-six families. Of these, one hundred
are to be found in the portion of Bengal termed Wdren
dra, and fifty-six in that termed Tºdrli. Of the former,
eight, and of the latter, six are considered Kulina, or of
good family, or noble ; a classification ascribed to IBalal
Sem, a Raja of Bengal in the twelfth century. The
first are named Maitra, IBhima, Itudra, Wdjisi, Santaः
mani or Sandyal, I,dhuri, IBhdduri, Sudha-cdjisi, and
IBhadara. The fourth and fifth names are not unfre
Guently met with, the rest Seldom. Those of the Tidrh।
Brāhmans are more common : they are JMuklluti or
JMukharji, Gdnguli, Kanjldha, Goshdla, IBand//ati or
JDanarji, Chatati or Chatoji.
BRAHyrANi, corruptly, IBRAMINEE and BAHMANEE, H. S.
(ब्राह्मणी) A female of the Brāhmanical caste, the wife
of a Brāhman.
Brahmacharya, H. (ब्रह्म, from IBrahmana,and Charya, चय्यै,
practice) The condition of the religious student. Leading a
similar life,or one ofcontinencyandself-denial. Mendicancy.
Brahmachdrf, H. I. (ब्रह्म, for ब्राह्मण and चारी, who fol
lows or practises) A youth of either of the three first pure
classes during his pupillage, and while studying the
Wedas. A mendicant who professes to have prolonged
the period of studentship, and to observe through life the
practice of study, powerty, and continence. In general,
however, an ignorant vagrant.
JBrahmadaya, corruptly, IBreinllada/, IBramadayum, IBra
mandoyan, IBumad/a, H. S. (ब्रझ, for ब्राह्मण', and diddya,
स्वादाय, what is received) Any grant or perguisite ap
propriated to Brahmans. In the Carnatic, a twentieth
of the Government revenue was formerly considered as
payable to the Brfthmans for religious purposes.
Brahmahat/6, S. (ब्रह्महत्या) The murder of a Brahman.
Any crime of like enormity.
Brahma, or Brahman-jai or ºjaed, Marः (ब्रझजाई) A
man of a mixed race, Sprung from a Brahman father and
woman of inferior caste. He is usually engaged in
service, agriculture, or trade.
Brahmanabhojand, S. &c. (ब्राह्मणभोजना) Distribution of
food to Brahmans.
98
BR)
JBrahmanaditya, S. Mar. (ब्राह्मणदिव्य) A form of oath :
making oath while holding the feet of a holy Brāhman.
JBrdhmanjam, Mar. (from S. जन, a person) A Brāhman
entertained in a Brithman family as a menial.
JBrahmacdsitt{, T. (-)प्रLaeurr०)ळै ँ, Spelled Pirama
cdsitti) A Brāhman willage.
JBrahmuottara, corruptly, IBurmhotur, Bruhmutter, Bro
?mutter, IBarmautar, IBurmuter, IBermcrtur, &c., Ben.
Uriya (अ८श्म'l७ā , S. ब्रझ, A Brahman, and उक्तर्, uttara,
what comes after or belongs to, but the derivation
and form of this compound, notwithstanding its very
general use, are not Guite certain, It is sometimes
written IBrahmatrd, as if derived from S. trd, what pre
Serves, from the root चा, trd, to preserve or protect, but
the correctness of this is doubtful) Land granted rent
free to Brāhmans, for their support and that of their
descendants ; properly as a reward for their Sanctity or
learning, or to enable them to devote themselves to re
ligious duties and education. Such lands have not un
freduently fallen into the possession of lay proprietors.
JDrdhmammodd, Karn. (?) A term used in the Nagar dis
trict of Mysore for the garden country.
BRAJ, or IBRUJ, incorrectly, BRIJ, H. (Erं । from the S.
craja, व्रज, a cow-pen or pasture) The tract about Ma
thura and Brindaban, the residence of the juvenile
Krishna, and the scene of his boyish gambols with the
Gopas and Gopts, or cowherds and milkmaids.
JBrajbdsi, IBritjhasee, corruptly, IBrijbasi, IBirjebassy,
JBirjebussie, and IBirjellaussie, H. S. (lit., an inhabitant
Wdsi or IBdsf of the district of IBraj) An armed atten
dant, one carrying arms, as a Sword and shield, or
sometimes a matchlock, and employed as a doorkeeper, a
guard, or an escort. He is always a native of Western or
North-Western India, and is thence identified with a
Hindu of IBraj.
JBraj-bhaishd, or -bhdikhd, H. S. (from S. भाषा, speech)
The dialect of IBraj, the form of Hindi spoken in the
neighbourhood of Mathura and other parts of the north
western provinces, and in which the most popular poems of
the Hindus are written ; as, the Rāmāyana, by Tulasf Das.
BRAT, or BRUT, corruptly, IBURT, H. (५-2;१, S. orata, व्रत)
A wow, a fast, any self-imposed religious obligation.
(The word is improperly confounded with Birt and Brit.
See the next.)
BRIT, H. (५“-2A, S. pritti, वृति:, means of subsistence) A
2 B
 BR. BU

grant of land or other means of support to any one. (In Bujhonta, H. (Uंx*ः, from t५-9:, to understand) An
the spoken dialect the word is most usually pronounced abstract account of a village proprietary, made out annually
Birt, g. w) by the Patwitrf, shewing the profit on each share.
BRITTANT, H. (५-49:, S. वृत्तान्तं, crittanta) Information, Bt K, Book, H. (c4-%ं) Land recovered through the reces
news, intelligence of a transaction or occurrence. sion of a river (Rohilkhand).
JBrittdnt-patra, H. (patra, a leaf) Record of a decision BUKARA, BookARA, H. (99ं) ILand left by a river, but
pronounced by a Panchdyat. rendered useless by a deposit of sand (Rohilkhand).
BU, BUA, BUBU, H. (५, ';:, xx) A sister. Bud is also an BULANDI, BooLUNDU, H. (from the P. buland, Ad५, lofty)
aunt by the father’s side. IBubu in the west of India is High land.
a lady. BUS, Hindi (बुन) The guantity ofgrain given to a labourer
Bij D, BooD, H. (from the P. ex, third person preter. of for a day's work in weeding, from two-and-a-half to three
७५*, to be) Being, state or condition of being, espe Sers of rough grain (Puraniya).
cially with reference to the past. It is used in Hindi BUN, B00N, H. (ct) Coffee in seed, before it is ground.
chiefly in composition ; as, J9atd-bdsh, a residence, IBitd BUNDELA, BooNDELA, H. (A५AG}:) A spurious tribe of
nd-baid or Hast-n८-blid, remission of rent on failure of crops. Rajputs, who give name to the province of Bundelkhand,
BUpH-GANGA, BoopH-GUNGA, H. (Uं, from Badh, corruptly, Bundlecund. They are descended from the
pronounced IBitrh, or Birha, old) The old bed of the Garhwars of Kantit and Khairagarh, and first settled
Ganges, traceable below Hastinapur, and also below in Bundelkhand in the thirteenth or fourteenth century.
Soron and Kampil. There are few genuine Bundelas in the British portion
BUDHAwARA, vernacularly, IBudhmudr, or Budlab4r, S. &c. of the province, except in the Pargana of Panwari.
(बुधवार, from IBudha, the planet Mars, and rdra, a day) BUNDU, Karn. (॰ण`०69) The coffee plant (Mysore),
Wednesday. Baindu Ujj, Karm. (from S. c{ja, seed) The coffee berry.
BUDIBU DAKr, Karn. (००००००ॐG) A class of religious BUNGA, or BoNGA, H. (ंx) A stack of straw.
mendicants in Mysore. BUNGAH, corruptly, IBoUNGA, H. (P. ४७9५), Mar. BUNUGES,
Bt pIDE PANNU, Tel. (ंoc०व्)ॐ5ं७:S, from budide, ashes) (बुगुगं) Followers, Suttlers, and baggage of an army.
A fee for permission to burn a corpse. Bt Nयू', BooNT, H. (G-G}ं) Unripe grain or pulse (Cicer
BUpiT, BoopEET, Mar. (बुडीत) A loss, a sum of money arietinum).
given up as lost. Money imprudently invested. BUNyAD, H. (P. c५d५), Mar. (बुन्याद) ILit., foundation, but
IBudithil, Mar. (बुडीतकूल) A bad debtor, one not applied to offices or appointments which have existed
likely to pay. from time immemorial.

IBudit khat, Mar. (from hhat, खत, P. a writing) A bond Bumyddं, Mar. (बुन्यादी) Original, fundamental.
not expected to be discharged. Bunyadi thalkarं, Mar. (यलकरी, landholder) The origi
IBudit hharch, Mar. (खत्वै, from लः93-) Expenditure with nal landlord or proprietor of an estate.
out return• Head of an account specifying losses. BURA, BURHA, Mar. (बुरा', बुन्हा) Mould.

IBudit khditeg, Mar. (बुङीतखनिं) An account or register Bt RA, BooRA, H. (9:) Redeemable mortgage (East
of bad debts. Oudh).
BUnki, IBUEki, Mar. (बुडकी) A hole or pit dug by theside Bu RANयु, BURANT, Mar. (बुरंट, बुरटि) A place overgrown
of a stream to collect water for distribution in irrigation. with grass and bushes. A thicket of low bushes.
BU DRU KH, Mar. (बुदूख, dialectic corruption of P. IBaci{r/, Btj RA- UKRA, BooRA-ToKRA, Ben. (?) An account of village
4-9ं, great) Wenerable, dignified. Greater or upper, as receipts and disbursements made up for six or eight
fields or towns opposed to lesser or lower: also, sonior months by the Patwitri, and balanced. The balance is
as opposed to junior, or major to minor. carried to the demands of the rest of the year.
BUGARA RAsi, Tel. (?) A heap of unwinnowed grain. BURI, Ben. (बूजि) An inundation, immersion of a tract
BUJ HARAT, H. (५-9५*a from ५५-*, to explain or cause under water. A measure of value egual to five Gandas,
to understand) An audit or adjustment of accounts. or twenty Kaupris.
04
 BU
BURf DA, BooREEDU, H. (P. ४.५A, lit., cut) Fields cut by BvAJU, H. (*-५५) Principal bearing interest. See Bidja.
stealth (Rohilkhand), BvANA, BvARA, Karn. (श्8ं२, श्वश्8ं) A piece ofpasture
BURKA, Mar. (?) A subdivision or share of the lands of a
willage, varying from ten to fifty, each comprising a cer
tain number of fields, but not a defined guantity of land.
APairkd chi ktil, Mar. (?) The managing Ryot who appor
tions the Burkas and the revenue among the other cul
tivators. JDakhim.
BURKI, Mar. (?) A structure of masonry for drawing
water from rivers and nalas.
BURRI, BooRREE, H. (-श्रे) Sowing seed by dropping it
from the hand into the furrow, instead of sowing broad
cast or by drill ; also read GURRI and GULLI.
BURUp or BURAp, Mar. (बुरूड, बुरड) The name of a caste,
or individual of it, whose occupation is mat-making. He
is sometimes enumerated among the willage servants.
BUTADU, Tel.(थ्99'69) Household expenses.
BUTARAD, Hindi (बुतारद) A name given to extra cesses
upon the cultivator. Puraniya.
BUT-FARosHI or -PARoSHI, Tel. (from P. batt, an idol, and
parroarish, cherishing) A tax levied on different trades
in a town or village to defray the cost of celebrating the
worship of the tutelary divinity. A tax lewied on the
festivals of the inferior castes and the drums beaten on
Such occasions. In former times, also, a fine imposed by
a Guru, or spiritual guide, to expiate certain breaches of
the laws of caste.
BUTTAwAL, (?) Tamil. Land newly cleared for cultivation. In
the first year it is exempt from rent, in the succeeding
years it pays the Government revenue in progressive
fourths, until, in the fifth year, it is fully assessed.
Trawancore.
BwABASAw, for S. WWAwASAwA, Ben. (दJदजiप), S. (व्यवसाय:)
Trade, business affairs.
_Dyabas4/t, Ben. A tradesman, any one engaged in affairs
or business.
BrABASTHA, for S. VvAwASTHA, Ben. (दrदग्छ्i) A statute,
a law. A written opinion or dictum on a point of Hindu
law drawn up by Pandits.
BWABAHAR, Ben. (ब.Jदशन्तः), S. (व्यवहार) Custom, usage.
Business, profession, affairs in general. A suit at law ;
whence, also, byaballdrik, one engaged in affairs, in a
suit, &c.
BWAH, H. (४५, S. विवाहं) Marriage.
BWAJ, H. (श्-'A:) Interest. See IBij.
95
BW
ground attached to a village, and assigmed as a pergui
site to the head-man, who lets it out for the graZing of
cattle at a charge per head.
BwAPAR, H. Ben. (०५५५, व्यापारं) Business, affairs.
J8ydjpdrं, H. (.9५५, S. व्यापारी) One who transacts busi
ness of any kind, a merchant, a dealer, a trader. (It
occurs in most dialects, slightly modified, as, Bepari, IBai
pdrं, Deopttri, IB/opdri, IByaupdrं, &c.
BWAURA, H. () ं, S. व्यवहार:) Detail, narration, statement
of circumstances.
BWAw or BwAwHAR, (L*9५*, S. व्यय) Expense, expen
diture.
BWOHAR or BwAUHAR, properly, IBwABAHAR, as above, or
WWAwAHARA, H. ७५०}५) Business, affairs, trade, calling.
BwOHAR, H. 9**५, from the S. व्यवहारः) A loan.
Dyohard or Dyohari, H. (JAs}५, .9'sys, S. व्यवहारिक:)
A creditor, a lender.
C
CASTE, Eng. A word applied to the distinctions of birth,
tribe, and occupation, which separate the people of India
of the Hindu religion, and preclude their eating, drinking,
and smoking together; their using the same vessels ;
their intermarrying ; and other relations of social life.
The lower orders of Indian Mohammadans pretend to
similar distinctions ; caste being in all cases matter of
pride, not of humiliation. The word is derived from the
Portuguese Casta, race, Species.
CHABENA, CIIABENI, H. (U५*-, *A4-, S. चर्वे, to chew)
Parched grain.
CHABUTARAH, CHUBOOTURA, CHABUTRA, CHUBOOTRA, H.
(9*+, चबुतरा -चा) A raised bank or terrace de
tached from the residence, sometimes covered ower, on
which persons sit and converse. A kind of summer
house or pavilion. A place where the head of the police
is usually stationed, A police-office or station, or the
magistrates’ court. A room or hall used for public meet
ings of the villagers. A custom-house or station. A
guard-house. A market-place. A stone platform erected
as a boundary mark.
CHABUK, corruptly, CHAwBUCK, H. (५4-५५-) A whip.
Chdbulº-surcdr, corruptly, Chairbuck-sicaar, H. (P. ु';“॥
a rider) A rough rider, a groom, a jockey.
 CH
CHACHA, CHACHA, H. &c, (५्”, ५-५-, चचा, वाचा) A CHAHAL, H.
patermal uncle, a father’s brother.
Chach{, or Chaich?, H. &c. (Gन्नरैः। _६-५ह-) A father’s
brother’s wife.
Chacherd, H. &c. (,*े ) Connected through a paternal
umcle ; as, Chacherd-bhdi, A first cousin, the son of a
paternal uncle.
CHACHAR, also CHANCHAR, CHUCHUnt, or CHUNCHUR, H.
05री, )*र-, वंचर) Land that has lain fallow for a CHAHIL, or CHAHIRA, H. (d)s५-, ],७५-)
year or more, but not a very long time : on being taken
under cultivation the produce was divisible for the first
year in the proportion of one Share to Government and
three to the cultivator : after a year of cultivation it was
placed on the footing of fully cultivated land of the same
description.
CHACHAR, H. (9-५-) A Hindu festival held after the
Holi.
CHACHAR, Ben. (BiPa ) Land on the banks or in the
bed of a river, from which the water has lately been
dried. Inferior fallow land.
CHADAR, CHUDUR, H. (P. A-) A sheet or cloth.
Chadar amd42i, H. (P. .9'AG), throwing) A ceremony
among the Sikhs : when a man marries a widow a
sheet is thrown ower the parties.
CHADARU-GUDDI, (?) Karn. Boundaries of an estate or of
willage lands, including waste.
CHADAw U, Karn. ( ँ८ुवं७) Increase of price or rent.
See Charhai.
JDarchaddou, Karn. ( ँ८ुवं७) Disposing of the
Government Share of the crop to farmers at an advanced
rate.
CHADH, pronounced also CHARH, Mar. (चढ) Increase, ad
vance (as of assessment or price, &c)
Chadhpattं, Mar. (चढपट्टी) An extra cess.
CHApl, Tel. Karn. ( Pगं ) An accusation, slander, defa
mation.
CHAH, H. (P. ४५-) A well.
Chdhi, or Chdhā-2amin, H. (७*-9a land) Land irrigated
from wells.
Mahiti Chdh, H. (from A. ka.ºs~*, surrounding) Land
watered by wells in alternate years.
CHAH, CHUH, H. (**-) A platform, a pier-head.
CHAHAR-SHAMBA, H. (P. ****)५*-) Thursday.
CHAHAR-SU, H. (P. L५-, four, and *५, a side) A sguare, a
quadrangle, a market-place.
96
CH
(O५+) A strong soil, ranking between those
termed Rausli and Dankar (Dehli).
CHAHAL sITUN, H. (P. c)५*-, forty, ७*“) a pillar) A
pavilion, a chamber, a summer-house supported by forty,
i. e. many pillars. (Also with the H. numeral, Chdlis,
forty, Chdlis-sititm).
CIIAHALDA, Mar. (चहलदा) A tax formerly lewied on Ban
jitras in the Dakhin.
A tribe of
Rājputs in Hisar, mostly converts to Mohammadanism.
They mevertheless retain charge of the tomb of Goga
Chauhdm, a Hindu prince now esteemed a saint.
CHAHLI, CHUHLEE, H, (J५त-) The wheel on which the
rope revolves at the top of the well.
CHAHORA, H. ()*-) Rice dibbled in a field after being
sown in a separate bed, A fine sort of rice.
CHAHoTRA, or CHAHUTRA, Mar. (चहोचा, बहुचा, from चहुं,
four, and उच्वण:, subseduent) Interest at four per cent.
per month.
CHAHUR, Mar. (चाहूप्) A long measure of land. Accord
ing to one statement, egual to l20 sguare Bijhds, to
another, to Iछै0 Bijhdis.
CHAHvARf, Mar. (चाहरी) The drag rope of a plough or
of the bucket of a well, to which the head pair of oxen
are yoked.
Chdhcar{ mot, Mar. (चाङ्क्षणी मोट) The bucket of a draw
well worked by bullocks.
CHAIL, H. (Uं-) Land twice tilled (Rohilkhand),
CHAIN, H. (o3-) Cultivated land.
CHAis, H. (J3-) A low caste of Hindus.
CHAINA, H. (Aं#-) An inferior kind of grain. A sort of
millet (Panicum pilosum), also called Chena and China.
Chdiakhati, IBen. (प्त्रीनििश्चाग्)ि A spot in the salt-works
where the drainage of the wbaskets is collected.
Chdig laban, IBen. (प्रोक्षिलदम) Basket salt.
CHAIT, or CHwT, properly, CHAITRA, H. &c. (५-“-35-, S.
वैच) A month so called (March-April) begimming with
the sun's entrance into Pisces.
Chaiti, H. (वैती) Relating to or produced in Chait, as,
the spring harvest. In Bundelkhand it is usually so ap
plied, denoting the Italli, or spring crops.
CHArrvA, S. (चैत्य) Any large tree in a village, held in
peculiar Sanctity : an altar, a monument. A Buddhist
temple or monument.
CHAK, CHUK, corruptly, CHUCK, H. &c. (७4-५-, बक, S.
 CH
चक्रः, a circle or district) CHAKU, or CHEKU, Tel. ( ँऽ०, |
`च्ऽऽ०) A portion of land divided off; as, the detached
fields of a village, or a patch of rent-free land, or any
separate estate or farm. In old revenue accounts the
term was applied to lands taken from the residents of
a village, and given to a stranger to cultivate. In the
north-west provinces the subdivision of a Pargana formed
under cl. 88, Settlement Circular of 1890. In the Dakhin
survey the term is used to designate a field within a
field, when it is necessary to subdivide a field without
changing the number or Series of the larger portion of
the land into which a village is divided.
Cluah-bamdi, Chukbumdee, H. (.*****- चकबंदी) De
termining the limits or boundaries of a detached piece of
land, an estate, or Chak. The limits of a police or
revenue jurisdiction.
Chak bardr, Chuk burdr, H. 9'A a tax) Collecting the
rents of a Chah according to its siZe or productiveness.
Chak ndma, Chuk ndmu, H., or Chekandmd, Tel. (P. &०५
a document) A register of the extent and boundaries of a
detached or Separate piece of land, or of a separate willage.
A grant authorising individuals to hold alienated lands,
and specifying their limits.
Chah mdma drdgi, H. (A. ५***ः See Afrigi) A docu
ment given to a Zamindar from whom a portion of land
। __-_
has been taken by the Government for public or other
purposes, defining the extent, boundaries, and ५uality of
the land.
Chak tukra, H. (५-५- and 9ं, a piece) A plot or par
cel of a landed estate.
CHAK, Ben. (Bदं) A sguare ; also, a market-place enclosed
by building. It has also the sense of the preceding.
Chak bandi, IBen. (प्रहदंलिी) Building a sguare, connecting
the buildings round it.
CHAR, Thug. Suspicion.
Chak-bele, Thug. A dangerous or Suspicious place.
CHA K, H. Ben. (५*५-, प्रकि’, S. चक्रा) A wheel ; especially
applied to the pulley through which the rope attached to
the bucket of a well passes. Also a mill, Also the rings
of baked clay used in sinking a well, and a vessel in
which sugar is manufactured.
Chdhai, IBen. (Biकl) A wheel, a discus. The upper portion
of the Balt-boiling furnace.
CHARALAvApu, Tel. (ंगं9य`ॐ9) A washerman.
CHAKAR, CHUKUR. H. &c. 9*+} S. CHAKIRA, चक्रi, in
97
CH
which form it occurs in most dialects) A wheel, a circle,
or any thing revolving in a circle.
Chahar-bardeshi, (?) H. Compound interest.
CHAKAR, CHA KUR, H. (P. J*+, चाकर्) A servant.
Chdhard, IBen. (Biश्al) Land given in reward of past
services.
Chdhardin, H. (properly the plural of *-; servants)
Allowances of land, or the revenue derived from it, pro
fessedly appropriated in Bengal to the pay and support
of the public officers and servants of a willage or Za
mindāri, including the Zamindar, Kanungo, Mokaddem,
Patwari, and the Peons and Chaukidatrs. Under the an
cient system the lands so appropriated were exempted
from the Government assessment in fawour of the Zamin
dar, but this was disallowed on the formation of the
decennial settlement. Ben. Reg. viii. 1799; ix. l825.
Chdharain-2amin, corruptly, Chakeram-2emeen, Chakeram
.jemmg/, H. (chdhardn, as above, and P. 2amin, ७*9 ।
land) Lands exempted from revenue on the plea of being
appropriated to maintain the public officers and servants.
Chdka/“i, H. (५*ध्र*५-) Service. Allowance of land, &c.,
for public officers and servants, Service land.
Chdharid, incorrectly, Chdhrid, Mar. (चाकर्णीया) Applied
to land held revenue-free, on condition of performing
some office, or discharging some obligation. Service land.
CHAKI, CHU KEE, (?) Karn. An extra assessment in Kanara.
CHAKf, IBen. (प्रiहिी, from S. चक्रं) A mill, a grinding
stone, an apparatus for spinning twine suspended from
the hand.
CirA Kr RI, Mal. (-2-lefºlf0) The fibres of the husk of the
cocoa-nut, of which rope, or kayar, is made.
CHAkrvARA, Mal. (2-42aºco2(o) A class of out-caste
Brahmans.
CHAKKA, CHUKKA, H. (K-, from chakra, a wheel) A
circular lump of clay, used to press down the smaller arm
of the lever employed in raising water from a well, A wheel.
CHAKIANp, Uriya (G|१igl,) A measure oflength, half a cubit.
CHAkkALU, Tel. (ंeo) Small bubbles of salt that rise
upon the first ebullition of the brine.
CHAk KAN, CHAKKALA, Mal. (42-lcoosrrt), a-lcooु9e-A) An oil
presser.
CHARRARA, Mal. (-2-lc068(o) Coarse sugar, made from the
juice of the cocoa-nut and other palms.
Chakharahkalla, Mal. (4a-lco68foce693).3).) The tdri, or
juice of the cocoa-nut, from which coarse sugar is made.
४ C
 CH
CHAKKAT, CHUKKUT, H. (c“-*-) The loss of a chak, or
plotofground,.by inundation.
CHAKKI, H. ( .*र-) A handmill, a grindstone.
Chakki m4ma, H. (A.०७) A song sung by women at
weddings, while grinding a perfumed powder.
Chakki mduri, H. (.9G) Presentation of perfumed pow
der to the bride and bridegroom, and the female as
sistants by whom it has been prepared.
CHAKKILI, Tam. Mal. (ePGeºl60) A low-caste man, work
ing in hides and leather ; a currier, a shoemaker, the
willage shoemaker. Apparently corrupted to Chuckler,
the word in common use among Europeans.
CHAKKU, Karn. (aंS) A pack or bale of raw cotton.
CHAKKUBANDHr, Karm. (ंS००?) Land measure.
CHAKLA, CHURLA, corruptly, CHUCKLA, H. (ुं-) CHAKI.A,
or CHARLA, Ben. (Bञ्श्लl, प्रदिश्नi, from the S. चक्र)
A large division of a country, comprehending a number
of Parganas; first introduced as a recognised local di
vision in the reign of Shakjehan. Bengal was divided
by Jaffir Khan, about l772, into thirteen Chaklas, each
under a separate superintendant of finance. At different
times, and in different parts of the country, the Chakla
seems to have waried in extent, and in its subdivisions.
In modern times it is applied to the part of a town
chiefly inhabited by prostitutes. In Mar., besides a di
vision of country, it also means the court or office of the
magistrate of a ward.
Chakld bandi, corruptly, Chuchlabund/, H. (.४od५ ुं-)
The distribution of a Zamindari or of a province into
Chaklas, especially for financial convenience.
Chakle ddr, H. 9le _ं-) The superintendant or pro
prietor, or renter of a Chakla.
Chakle ddri, H. (.9'e *-) Superintendence or pos
session ofa Chakla. Theright ofoccupancyasadmitted payer
of the Government assessment, with such fees or privileges
as usage may have attached to the office or possession.
Chakle kharch, H. ( लः)*- .**-) Expenses of the whole
Chakla or district, charged in proportion to each Ryot,
under the old revenue system of Bengal.
Chakld mancis, H. (U~** ुं-) The accountant of the
revenues and charges of a Chakla.
Chakli, Mar. (चकली) A division of a willage in some
places.
Chakalyd, Mar. (चकस्या) An officer of police, a magistrate.
CHAkRA, Sa but it occurs in all dialects, most commonly
08
CH
unchanged, but sometimes slightly modified, as, Chakar,
Chakt, Chdh', (चक्रं) A wheel, a discus, a duoit, any
thing circular or revolving, lit. or fig., as a potter’s
wheel, an oil-mill, a period of time, a district, a province,
a region. An ancient small gold coin in Mysore, usually
10 fanams. In JMar. also, a rule, a regulation, an extra
cess or tax. In Karn/tta, the extra assessment of I720,
which was to cower the interest of money advanced by
the Raja to pay off the demands of the Sdhukdrs or
Bankers on the Ryots. (The word is incorrectly printed
in the th Report, p. 804, Chuckes, for Chucker, whence
it has been entered in the Glossary Chuckees, as a
separate word.)
Chakramu, Tel. (ंऽं,ंOO) A wheel, &e., (being, in
fact, the same with Chakra.) An ancient coin current
ौth of a Pagoda.
formerly in the south of India, egual to
Chakrdinal, Chakrdinali, Mar. (S. चक्रावळ, चक्रावली)
Compound interest, (from chakra, revolving, and dical:,
a range or Series). _
Chahrapartt{, H. S. (चक्रवर्त्तेी) A prince, a ruler, an
emperor. A name borne by some families of Brāhmans
in Bengal, corrupted commonly into Chuckerbutty.
Chakra-criddhi, S. (chakra, and criddhi, वृडि, increase)
Compound interest.
Chakra-camtije, Tel. (ं,ॐ०७-7) An extra assessment
of #th under the Mohammadan Government.
CHARATf, or CHURTEE, Mar. (चकती) A scrap of writing
paper, a note, a passport, an English letter.
CHAKRi, IBen. (S. प्रीि) An oilman.
Chdhrahuda, Tel. (ंग७*9ॐं) An oilmaker.
CHAKwAEN, H. (JPlyं-) A small class of Rajputs in
GhaZipur.
CHAkwAND, H. (Aं,*-) A common weed, bearing a long
legume, growing from eight inches to two feet high,
used by the poor as a potherb.
CHAL, H. (U५-) Habit, practice, course of life ; as, IBad
cltdl, a man of bad habits ; Su-chail, one of good habits,
of respectable conduct.
CHALA, (?) Mal. The hut of a slave in Malabar. (Possibly
Sdld, g. w.)
.CHALAB, Thug. Early part of the evening, between sun
Set and dark.
CHALAN, CHULAN, also CHALAN, corruptly, CHELLAUN,
CHILLAUN, CHULLAUN, H. &c. (J'-, J}५-, from
c)+} S. चल, to go, sending off, despatching, [goods, &c.])
 CH
A document sent with goods, treasure, or individuals ; an
invoice, a woucher, a pass, a passport. The post-office list
of letters forwarded, &c. Ben. Reg. x. 1819.
Chal4n-d4r, H. (P. 9le, who has) A person who accom
panies a despatch or remittance, and has charge of the
inwoice.
Chalamā, Chalaiomं, or Chalmः, H. (.*+} ॰';"#- ५*+}
from the w. ude-, to go) Current, circulating (as coin).
Chalantd, (from ule-,
to go) Passing, moveable, vendible,
saleable. Duties formerly levied by Zamindars on goods
passing through their jurisdiction. Ben. Reg. xxwii. l798.
Chalanti-j4adad, Uriya (०२१a॥१०l०) Moveable or per
sonal property.
CHALAN, Ben. (Biलन्t) Sifting any thing, passing it through
a sieve.
Chailan{, Ben. (प्रीनन्दी) A sieve.
CHALAvADr, Karn. (ं9य`०) A low caste. (In My
sore) The servant of a Linga merchant carrying a large
ladle with chain and bell on his shoulders. (In Telingana)
A Stidra who goes from house to house to give notice
of a death.
Chalacddi ayu.joti, Karn. (aंe)ञ्छO e9०ऽoo ं,०8) Tax
levied on the preceding in a village.
CHALAwAN AMDANi, Hindi (चलावन स्रमदानी) Statement
of collections sent with the collections to the Zamindar
by the Patwarf (Puraniya).
CHALi, erroneously, CHowI.EE and CHOOLEE, Mar. (चाली)
Land that bears the highest rate of assessment, culti
vated by permanent inhabitants of the willage agreeably
to allotment, by which each cultivator has a fixed pro
portion of the lands of highest, medium, and lowest
assessment. Hereditary land held at a fixed rate, which,
after being brought into cultivation from waste, may
be assessed at a rate proportioned to its guality, and
to custom. It is sometimes said that a Ryot cannot throw
up his Chdlf land.
CHALI, Ben. (चालि) A thatch, a shelf, a gang or separate
station of conwicts engaged on public work.
CHALioARAvU, Tel. (ं9xं७) Soil sandy on the surface
with black earth underneath.
CHALIPANDILI, Tel. (ं9ं9००9) A shed where cool
water, &c., is distributed to passengers.
CHALI GAINI, corruptly, CHAUL GAINEE, CHALI.w, CHALLI,
or CHALIE oUEsv, Karn. &c. (श्व9 7，3ं२, probably
from the S. बल, chala, mowing, going) Tenancy-at-will,
00
CH
or occupation on paying rent for a short or indefinite
term.
Chdli Jaini-chitu, Karn. (&#ऽ&39) An agreement orlease
for a short time, usually for a year.
Chdli Jaini-6dr, Karn. (7 5ं॰7रब्ॐ) A tenant-at-will.
CHALisf, H. &c. (P. ७*॥ forty) CHA!.st, CHALISA,
Mar. (बाळसी, चाळिसा) An aggregate of forty, as of
forty sers, forty cubits, &c. Also a period of forty days
of impurity from the birth of a child, or death of a
relative. A period of Guarantine. The great famine in
Hindustan of 1783 is known by this name, from its oc
curring Samoat l840.
CHAI.I SIDAKKA, Karn. (ं) Rice husked.
CHALIT, H. (५-45-, S. चलितः, lit., gone) Moveable or per
sonal property.
CHALrwAN, Mal. (4a-lpe-mount) A weaver.
CHALKI, (?) H. A crop raised by irrigation.
CHALLANIDORA, Tel. (ंg२े४) A cold gentleman, a
European functionary of a calm and gentle temperament,
a highly complimentary designation.
CHALTi, H. Mar. (, ं *-, चलती) Passing, moving, cur
rent. In Dehli, Cultivated lands. In Masulipatam, Gross
measurement of the grain after gathering.
Chalti dgftar, H. (P._9*e, an office) Under the Maratha
Government, the records reduired for current business.
That portion of the Peshwa's register which was always
in the hands of the Farnacis, or Secretary of State.
CHALTtj, Hindi (चलतू) Land in cultivation.
CHALU, Tel. (CD ॰99) A furrow. Ben. (प्रोनू) Rice cleaned
fit for cooking.
CHAMA, Mal. (4a-l02) A kind of grain, a sort of millet
(Panicum miliaceum). S. S/dmd, (शयामा),
CHAMAN, Thug. A Brahman.
CHAMAR, CHUMAR, H., but in most dialects also, (,५
Ben. CHAMAR (Biभiह) Mar. CHAMHAR (चाम्हार)
from the S. Charma-hdra, or worker in skins, चम्मैकार) ___
A man of a low caste, whose business is working in
hides and leather, a currier, a tanner, a shoemaker, a
harness-maker, and the like. Chandrs are said to be
descended from a Brithman father and Chanddl mother,
according to some authorities ; in the north-western
provinces the Chandrs are considered as divided into
seven classes, who do not eat together or intermarry :
they are known by the names, Jatifti, Kaca", Kiril,
Jaisicara, Jhusia, A2imgerhia or Dirlteria, and Kori
 CH
or JKorchamari. The last are most commonly weavers.
IDifferent tribes of Chamdrs are also known in the
Dakhin, as Sultangerll, IMarath{, Paradosh, Pardesं,
Harall)hakt, Dabdli, IW0j, and Chaur.
Chamar-paur, Chumur-lour, H. 9*_**-) A division of
the Gaur Rajputs. The highest class, although from
their name liable to the suspicion of intercourse with
Chamdrs. They affect to call themselves Chaunhar
gaar, from a Raja named Chaumhar ; or sometimes
Chiman-1aur, from a Muni called Chiman.
Cham?’drrat, H. (५-')*+) Per५uisites or privileges of
Chamārs.
CHAMARA, Ben. Mar. (प्त्रीभङ्ग , S. चामर:) The bushy tail
of the Tibetan ox set in a handle, and used to drive away
flies. In H. Chaumri, (.37ं-)
CHAMAVEN, CHUMAw EN, H. (७:५--) A small class of
the Gujar tribe in Panipat Bangar.
CHAst BAL, CHUMBUL, H. (U५**-) A log of wood with
grooves, fixed on the banks of canals, and used in draw
ing water for irrigation.
CHAMCHorti, H. (.99- •+, lit., skin stealing) Adulterous
connexion with the wife of another,
CHAMiA, Thug. Those of the gang who assist in seiZing
and holding down the victim.
CHAMosfA, Thug. The person who holds the hands of the
wictim (Dakhini).
CHAMPA KA CHATURDAsi, S. (चम्पकः, a yellow flower, and
चतुर्दशी, fourteenth lunation) A Hindu festival on the
fourteenth of J/eshth, when the flowers of the Michelia
Champaka are offered to idols.
CHAN, Mal. (4a_l96rro) A Spany a span measure.
CHANA, CHUNA, corruptly, CHENNA, CHUNNA, H. (५*-,
चना) A kind of pulse commonly known as gram (Cicer
arietinum). Three kinds are usually reckoned in the
north-west prowinces, JPAla, Pachmil, and JKasa. The
last is an inferior sort, also called Itaksmca, Chaptdi,
and Kasdr{. Paclimil is a mere mixture of the first and
last sorts. There is also a small kind called Chan?
and IBatort. Chand, to the eastward of the upper pro
vinces, is freduently called Rella and Loma, but in general
/,ond is applied to an acidulous salt which forms upon
the leaves, and is collected for chemical purposes. Cham6
also implies a species of plant, of which the seeds are
often mixed with corn, giving it a disagreeable taste.
(Wicia of one or two undescribed species).
100
CH
CHANAMBU PARATf, (?) Mar. The name of a servile caste
in Anjengo, employed apparently as domestic servants.
CHANAyrtA, H. (LCA4--) A tribe of Chandrabansi Rajputs
in Jonpur, AZimgerh, and Gorakhpur.
CHANAN, commonly from the plural SHANAR, Mal. (42-l2
rropmb) A man of a tribe whose business it is to extract
the sap from the palmyra tree, a ttiri drawer.
CHANAPPAN, Tam.Mal. (P०००ाLL-' ँा) A weaver of coarse
cloth for sacks, of hempen cords, &c. (From Chama or
Sana, hemp) See Samappan.
CHANATTAM, Mal. (-2-l०532(o०) Favourable or privi
leged rent of land granted to persons liable to be called
out for occasional work or Service.
CHANCHAR, CHUNCHUR, H. 0ञ्*र-, चंचर) Land left un
tilled for a year or more, but not for a very long interval.
See CHACHAR.
CHANCHARf, H. (.9ज्ञ*) Inferior grain, as Mung or
Jawftr, remaining in the ear after being trodden out.
CHANCHARU, Karn. (ंCं७) A tribe of savage people
tenanting the forests in the south of India.
CHANCHfo, Gu2. ( २५tन्५1ºtu) The name of a tribe, or
of an individual of it, inhabiting GuZerat, Kach, and
Sind, and wearing a large long-pointed turban. A pirate,
a sea-robber.
CHAND, H. &c. (AG५-, S. चन्द्र:) The moon.
Chdndi, H. (.sAG५-) Silver. (From Chdnd, the moon).
A tax formerly lewied by the Zamindars of Bengal.
Chdndm{, H. &c. ( c*99५-) Moonlight, an awning.
Chandni Chaah, Hं (५--'*- ७***५-) The principal mar
ket-place of any considerable city.
Chdndnā karam, Hin. (चांदनी करण) The practice of Brdh
imams, Chdrans, and others, of wounding tltemselves, in
order to extort alms or payment of a debt.
CHANDA, CHUNDA, H. (lod’-, from the P. Chand, ‘A*-,
how much) Subscription, guota, assessment.
Chanda a0/dhi, H. &c. (.*9'A4-) Levy of rent or
revenue from the Ryots, according to their shares or
proportions. See 40/dhi.
CHANDA, IBen. (Pifl) A subscription, a collection of
money.
CHANDA, H.(४AG५-) A common station of the revenue survey.
CHANDA, Thug. Cloth.
CHANDAl, Tam, (G प्र०००्ठ) A fair, one held annually,
the meld of Hindustan.
CitASpAt, CHANDAL, Ha and most dialects, (Jo्-, Jo--,
 CH
S. चण्डाल) A man of a low mixed caste, sprung from a
Saidra father and Brahmam mother. In common use it
is indiscriminately applied to all low-caste or out-caste
tribes.
Chanddi4, H. (५J'oं-) A tribe of the Bhangis, who
might be also termed Chaadalas.
CHANDAM, H. ( •.७-) A small tribe of Rajputs in Allaha
bad and Jonpur.
CHANDANAwATRA, also CHANDANOTSAwA, S. (from cham
dama, चन्दनं, sandal, and ?/ditrd, याचा, or utsaca, उत्सव:, a
festival) The ceremony of offering sandal paste or other
perfume to an idol. A festival held at Puri in honour of
Jagannftth.
CHANDANA, or CHANDf NAH, CHUNDANA, CHUNDEENU,
H. (P. &'AG-, &ंAAA-, from chand, Aं-, some, how
many) Sundry or miscellaneous, applied to a division of
the Sair, or a wariety of petty taxes, under the Mogul
Government ; as,
Chandāma -flamganj, H. A tax on all persons engaged
in trade at Dacca, from one to two rupees per annum.
Chandina bajantri, H. (.9ं-५) A tax on musicians.
Chdndind, Uriya (६५२1१) Ground-rent, rent of land
on which a house is erected. Tenure derived from such
payment. (It is probably from the P. &loं-, like the
preceding).
Chandinaddr, Uriya ( ६५०1१०l6. ) A person paying
ground-rent, and holding his house and garden by that
payment.
Chandina damdhdri, H. (.9'PAcce) A tax on exhibitors CHANot Li, Karn. ( 2ंCWC-9) Daily hire.
of snakes, monkeys, and bears, or fakirs, jugglers, &c. CHANK, or CHANKA, H. (c4-७५-, 9५-) A stamp fixed
Chandam-khuri mahal, (?) H. A tax formerly levied in
Rangpur upon the sale of hogs, abolished since the de
cennial settlement.
CHANDAwA, Hindi (चंडवा) Shaft of the share of a plough.
CHANDEL, H.(OAAं#-, चंदेल, perhaps from Chandra, the
moon) A numerous tribe of Rajputs, originally from
Mahoba in Bundelkhand, but now scattered ower the
north-western prowinces : they claim to be of the Soma
banst, or lunar race, and gave their name to the district
of Chanderi or Chandeli. In the lower Doab they are
divided into four tribes, bearing the several Hindu de
signations of a ruler or king : as, Itdja, I'do, Tºdma,
and ftdngat.
CHANDELf, H. ( ७५.**+) A very fine sort of cotton cloth,
originally fabricated at Chanderi, on the left bank of
101
CH
the Betwa, from a kind of cotton grown at Ama?’dngati।
in Berar. The thread, when of fine guality, is sold for
its weight in silver ; and the cloth is of so costly a
description, as to be worn only by persons of the highest
rank in native courts.
CHANDrvAI.A, Karn. (ं००*१) Earnest money, hansel,
also what is given to dissolve a bargain.
CHANDrvA, H. (५A**) Deep places (East Oudh),
CHANDLA, H. from Chdnd, the moon, (JAGl’-) A small
wafer-like ornament of gold or other metal worn on the
forehead between the eyes. The ceremony of affixing the
ornament on the foreheads of persons present at the
drawing up of a marriage contract, as the ratification of
the agreement.
CHANDRA, S. (चन्द्र:) The moon.
Chandra Grahama, S. (from ग्रहण, seiZing) An eclipse.
Chandraseni ka/astha, S. Mar. (चन्द्रसेनी कायस्य) A caste
of writers in Puna, who pretend to be descended from a
Raja named Chandrasema, and therefore claim to be re
garded in some degree as Kshatriyas, and to be entitled
to perform the ceremonies of the Wedas ; a claim not re
cognised by the Brāhmans. There are two divisions : the
JPatama Prabhu, and the Damgami Prabhu. The former
are found at Bombay and other towns, the latter at Goa.
CHANETH, H. (ंA4-) Drugs for cattle.
CHANGAR, Thug. A thief of any kind.
CHANGEL, H. (UACA-) A herb growing among ruined
buildings. The seed, used in medicine, is termed Khabdji.
on the side of a stack or heap of grain, when the heaps
are to be divided ; or when, after division, they are left
in charge of one of the sharers. A piece or pieces of
cow-dung placed on a heap of grain, to protect it from
the evil eye. A ceremony observed in the threshing-floor,
when the winnowed corn is gathered into a heap. It is
variously observed in different places, but the essence
consists in reverentially and silently circumambulating
the heap, finishing the process with a short prayer.
CHANK, CHUNK, or more correctly, SANKH, H. (c4-७-,
-4ं.०, S. शंख) A conch shell. When entire, with the
greater end cut off; it is used as a kind of horn formerly
blown in war, but now at the worship of idols. Cut in
segments of circles, it forms ornaments for the fore-arms
and wrists of women. The chief supply of these shells
2 D
 CH
is from Ceylon, and when the volutes turn to the right
the shell is held in peculiar estimation.
CHANNANGI-NELLU, Karn. (८*०:ऽ०?\ं) A kind of rice
grown in Mysore.
CHANNEL-MARA, or CHANNEL-wARI, (?) Names of a small
additional money tax on the cultivators of Karnata under
the old system ः (apparently, Chammel is the English word
connected with the local terms for cess or tax, being a
charge for keeping up the water-courses necessary for
irrigation, or a tax on fields so watered, as being more
productive ; also denominated Chammel fees.-छैth Rep.
p. 966.)
CHANTi, H. (.्र-) Cesses lewied from artisans and others
(from Chdntna, to sgueeZe),
CHANwAL,or CHAwAL,or CHAoL, or CHAUL, (J;५-, U;५-)
Undressed rice, but cleaned of the husk.
CHANTA, Mal. (4a-loo)) A fair, a market.
Chanta nagaram, Mal. (a-l Cro)Co००fo०) A market town.
Chantacila, Mal. (42-loro)42-hea) Market price.
CHANTRAM, Mal. (42-l(CO० ) The office of a petty district
treaSurer.
Chantral.hdram, Mal. (42-l(COcocox9forrt) The petty trea
surer in a district.
CHANwAN, CHUNwAN, H. (७';*-) A small sort of millet.
CHAp, Beng. (प्रi१ ) Mar. (चाप) A weight or block used
to press down any thing, a press, a screw press; an im
pression, a seal (but in this sense the original word is । CHARA, H. (9५-) Grass, food for beasts and birds ; fodder,
more correctly Chhdjp, the initial being aspirated. The
substitution of the unaspirated Ch has probably arisen Char6//h, H. (४७],*) GraZing ground, a field, a meadow.
from confounding the two words.
Chdjpd, Beng. (प्रीश्रi) A weight, a cover, any thing laid
upon another to press it down ; treading down clay or
salt to press it together, pressing salt together for weigh
ment.
Chapa dar, Uriya (६५॥9|२|9२) The officer who puts the
salt into the scales.
Chdjpa gattu, Tel. (ध्ऽां) *ं ) A bank or mound om which
salt is placed immediately after it is taken out of the pans.
CHAPANI, (?) Asam. Islands formed in rivers, or any
alluwial deposit.
CHAPATA, or CHAPATf, H. (G५--, ७*५#-) A thin cake of ।
flour and water, without leaven, slightly baked or toasted
ower an open fire.
CHAPAwANI, Karn. (aकव्यवॐ६०, from H. Chhdjpna, to be |
hid) Concealment of lands in order to defraud the revenue.
102
CH
CHAP-JARfB, H. (५--~a9-५-५-) Gross measurement of the
lands of an estate : (perhaps from Chdjp, in one sense, a
bow, and jarib, a land measure, a bow-shot, or bird’s-eye
measurement).
CHAPoLALU, (?) Tel. Watering by hand.
CHAPPA, Tel. Karn. (ं”, a dialectical form of Chhdjpd)
An impression, a stamp, a custom-house stamp ; the straw
of an inferior kind of grain,
Chappelatte, Karn. ( 23*३ं) The office of a custom
house where goods are stamped.
CHAPPAR, CHAPRA, Karn. (ं8ं, ८ॐॐ ) A thatched
roof a shed ; any temporary thatched structure, as for
the celebration of a marriage, giving water to travellers,
a mat, a screen, &c. The Chhappar, of Hindustan and
Bengal, g. w. has not such a range of meaning.
CHAPRAS, H. (U~',**) A badge, a plate worn on a belt
as a mark of office.
Chaprds{, H. (c~',*-) A messenger or courier wearing
a chaprds, most usually a public servant.
CHAPRE, H. (c-9:'-) Cakes of cow-dung after drying, used
as fuel.
CHAPRI, CHUPREF, H. (.s,ं-) A puddle : a small kind of
pulse somewhat resembling millet.
CHAR, CHUR, H. 9-) A sand-bank or island in the current
of a river, deposited by the water, claims to which were
regulated by Ben. Reg. xi. l82छे. Pasturage, fodder.
pasturage.
Cha?' ं, or Chardi/, H. (9री- , )ं-) Pasture lands, fields
appropriated to the graZing of cattle. Sending out cattle
to graZe. Rent derived from pasturage.
CHAR, Thug. A strangler, peculiar to certain classes.
Chdrai, Thug. The office of strangler.
CHARA-PAIR, or CHAR-PAIR, Karn. (ंकव्ॐई०3ं, &ं)ss)
IDuties on grain levied from the peasantry, whether it be
of their own growing or purchased for re-Sale. A tax
on villages of various items.
CIIARAGI, Thug. A Bairagi.
CHARA K, IBen. (Bञझकं, also written प्रज्यं , from the S. चक्रः,
" a wheel) C!IARKH, H. (P. ह-9न् । a wheel) A wheel
or lathe for turners’ work, cleaning cotton, &c. ; a sugar
mill. The ceremony of swinging suspended by hooks
passed through the skin, abowe each bladebone, and con
nected by ropes with one end ofalever traversing an upright
 CH
post with a circular motion. The apparatus for Swinging.
Charakgachh, Ben. (प्रहदह?tiश्) The upright pole or mast
supporting the horiZontal lever on which the swinging
is performed.
Charah-pंjai, IBen. (S. पूजा, worship) The swinging festival
held on the Sun entering Aries. .As a religious obser
vance it is confined to Bengal, but the swinging is practised
in other parts of India as a feat of dexterity for obtain
ing money.
Charaki, IBen. (प्रद्भहि) Asmall wheel, a reel, a machine for
separating seeds from cotton.
CHARAKKA, Mal. (42-lfoco6?) Goods, merchandise.
CHARAN, H. (७)*-) CHARANi, IBen. (प्रहनिी) A meadow,
fallow land, graZing ground.
Chardm, Ben. (Bद्वीन्स्) Pasturing or attending cattle.
Chardramnd, Hindi (चरारमना) Lands appropriated for
graZing', in conseduence of being left unploughed for
more than a year.-Puraniya.
CHARAN, H. (J9५-, `वारण) The name of a caste analogous
to, or identical with, the IShdt, following the profession
of bards, heralds, and genealogists ; and held in like
estimation, so that their personal Security is considered
Sufficient for engagements of the most important descrip
tion, the breach of which involves the death of the surety,
or of some of his family. They also subsist by carrying
grain, salt, groceries, and the like. The latter, in Central
India, are styled Kachili Chdrans ; those who are not
engaged in trade are the Maru Chdrans, or Chdrans of
the desert, or the sandy tract east of the Indus.
CHARANAMRIT, H. (S. चरणं, foot, and अमृतं, ambrosia) Water
in which the feet of a Brāhman has been washed ; also
with Udaka, water, Charamodaka.
CHARAS, incorrectly, CHURRUS, and CHERRUS, H. (Ux)#-,
चरस) The resinous exudation of the hempplant, possessing
strong intoxicating powers, and the basis of all the
inebriating preparations of hemp : see IBhang and Ganja.
Also, a large leather bag or bucket used for drawing
water from wells.
CHARAwAM, Mal. (-2-10(o0G2)०) Spirituous liguor ; rum,
dirak, any intoxicating beverage.
Chdrdiya hata, Mal. (4a-l2(o0G2)०6xs) An ārak or spirit
shop.
Chdrd/a kdram, Mal. (4a-l0(o0op)०6,0(orrt) A distiller or
vender of spirituous liduor.
Chdrdiya kuttumata, Mal. (-2-40aopo2)०9C%ं22(?) Contract
10:B
CH
with Government for the sale of spirituous liguors. Spirit
or arak farm.
CHARDEIIAT, H. (from chdr, four, and A. ddhāt, ५-५be.
villages) An estate formed of the lands of four villages,
or a subdivision of four willages set apart from the
Pargana.
CHARGAN, CHURGUN, Mar. (चरगण) GraZing ground, pas
turage.
CHARH, corruptly, CHUR, H. (9-) Rise ; lit. or fig..
Increase, augmentation of rewenue or rent. An item of
the public revenue in Bombay.
Chaphā, or Charhdii, H. (.s9-; *५9ह-, from ५9-,
to mount, to rise ; or 9bध्*-, to raise) Mounting, ascend
ing. Raising, as price or rent.
Charhdit, H. (५-५५ु-, from ५ध्द-, to mount) A
trooper mounted at the expense of the State. Also
Chaphicd/a, &c.
Charliamddr, incorrectly, Churundair, (9loं9-) A servant
accompanying a cargo of goods, a supercargo, a pas
senger by a boat or vessel.
Chaphainc6ं, H. (',५ध्*-) Offerings made to idols. Raising
in price, &c.
Charhtd, or Charlit{, H. (५ध्व्-, ७*ध्द-) Increase of
price, making additional profit, settlement of revenue at
a progressively increasing rate.
Charluta-patta, (Uं) H. A lease for a term of years at a
progressively increasing rent.
Chaphict, H. (.399-) Raising, as rent or price.
CHARI, CHUREE, corruptly, CHURREF, H. (cs)*-) Jawftr
sown close and not suffered to run to seed, but cut un
ripe, and used as fodder for cattle. In the Lower Doab,
a small portion of rent-free land.
CHARr-KAGAJA, Uriya (६ं6al११) Paper of pleadings.
CHARH LI-PHOLLU, Thug. Time between sunrise and noon.
CHARKHI, H. (.*ध्र-- from the P. श्छत्-" a wheel, S. चक्रः)
The pulley, or rather Spindle, by which water is raised
from a well by two water pots tied to the ends ofa rope
that passes ower the cylinder, and are raiscd alternately.
A spinning-wheel.
CHARMAJoDA, Mar. (from S. चम्मै, leather) A pair of shoes
exacted periodically by the head willage officer from the
willage shoemaker, or a money cess in lieu of it.
CHARMAk, CHARMAKARA, Mar. (S. बम्*कं, चम्मैकार) A
currier, a shoemaker, a worker in leather.
CHARNI, H. (.3,२-) A feeding trough.
 CH CH

CHARsHAMBA, H. (from )'-', four and P. shambal, AAं , worship Wishnu exclusively, and whose occupation is the
a day) Wednesday, the fourth day of the week. sale of flowers.

CHARsU, H. (P. *9५-} from chair, four, and sti, a guarter) CHATAR, Uriya (६५६)9.) The place in the salt works
A sguare, a market-place, a place where four roads where the saline earth is collected and prepared for
meet. filtration.

CHARTTA, Mal. ( a-lpo*ण)) A writing, a document, a CHATARA (?) Ben. Land of an inferior duality, Indifferent
title-deed, a register, a catalogue. (Probably adopted fallow land (Jessore)
from the Portuguese.) CHATi, Uriya (६६8) A salt manufactory.
Chdrttumari, Mal. (42-l2(ं)८afol) A document, title Chdtjpdih, Uriya (६ं8a॥२०) A peon attached to a
deeds, writings of land, &c. salt work. An assistant to a native collector.

CHARUTAR, H. (),9,*-) A life-rent grant. Chditia malangi, Uriya (६ं8थ|१R?ी) Head salt ma

CHARwAHA, H. (५el9-) A herdsman, a graZier. mufacturer. (More correctly Chalidmalangi, ५. v.)

Charrodhi, H. (.*';)*-) The wages of a herdsman in CHATTAM U, Tel. (ंC) CHATTAM, Mal. (42-l3०) A
graun. regulation, a rule, a law.
Charm’d1ं, H. (.s';)-) Price paid for graZing. CHATTIGA, Karn. (ं) The head man of a drove of
CHAR-yAR, H. 9५9५-, from chdr, four, and ?/dr, a friend, cattle for exporting corn.
P. Chahdr) A Mohammadan of the Suni sect, one who CHATTIRAM, or SHATTIRAM, pronounced CHATTRAM, Tam.
maintains the rightful succession of the first four Khalifs, (G' ँठीDib , vernacular representative of S. घर्च) A
4bubakr, Omar, Osman, and Ali. place where refreshment is given gratuitously, especially
CHAs, or CHAsA, H. and other dialects (U~५-) CHAsit, to Brfthmans ; funds set apart for such purpose : also,
Ben. (Biष) Cultivation, tillage. an umbrella.

Chasha, Chashdn, IBen. (प्रषl, प्रषiन्ग्) Ploughing a field, CHATTIRIWAN, or SHATTIRIWAN, Tam. (Gछैट्ठीDhu-ेण,
causing it to be ploughed. S. घत्रिय:) A man of the military caste.
Chdsd, H. (५०५-) Chdshd, IBen. ( Biषl) A cultivator, a CHATTU BAvALI, Tel. (ं७य्णं) A well Sunk in a rock
ploughmam, a husbandman. (from 'ं, hard, solid.) -

Ch4shbash, Ben. (प्त्रीषदंषि ) Cultivation, tillage. CHATUKULU, Tel. (ंॐos०eo) A weight of four Dabs.
Ch4sh-sanad, Uriya (from A. AGo५, a grant) Grant of CHATUR BHAGAM U, Tel. Karn. (sंxं००, S. चतुर् ,
rent-free lands (Cuttack). four, and भार्गं, a part) The fourth part of the annual
Chdsi, H. (.~५-) Chdshi, Ben. ( प्रोषी ) Cultivation, crop received by Government from the holders of certain
tillage, a cultivator. alienated lands. According to the definitions of the term
Chdshdchdshi, H. Land prepared for cultivation by repeated as applied in the Tamil provinces, it is the grant or
ploughings (Cuttack). alienation of the Government fourth in fawour of the

CHAsHT, also CHAsHT-GAH, H. (P. e-~:५-, ४७ e-*५-) holders of the land.

The middle hour between sunrise and noon. Refresh
ments taken at that season.
Chdsht-namds, H. Morning prayer.
CHAsNI, H. (Lं~'-) A pan in which the sugar juice is
boiled.
CHATA, Hindi (चाटा) The vessel that receives the juice of
the sugar-cane as it drops from the mill.
CHATAN, H. ( ७5-) Rocky soil.
CHATANA, H. (५5-, caus. of uG'~, to lick) The ceremony
of feeding a child for the first time.
CHATAo, or CHATAI, Thug A share of the booty.
CHATANULU, Tel, (५ग्ध' ंeeo) A class of Stidras who
104
CHATURDAsi, H. (._०e,ं-, S. चतुर्देशी, fourteenth) The
fourteenth : as the fourteenth lunar day.
CHATURMAswA, S. (from चतुर्, four, and मास, a month)
Relating to four months. Applied to four kinds of sa
crifices, the Wai8fradeca, Idruna prajhdsa, Sdhamedha,
Sundsiriya, to be offered in four consecutive months, or
ewery four months, or, according to some, in the months
Ashdrh, JKdrti/', and Phdl//uma, consisting of roasted
cakes of rice flour, offered in the first to the Wismcadecas,
in the second to Waruia, with two figures of sheep
made also of flour, in the third with vegetables to Agmi
(?), and in the fourth to Indra.
 CH
Chaturcedi, S. (चतुर्, four, and वेद, the Wedas) A
Brahman professing to have studied the four Wedas. In
common speech, Chaub?.
Chatussfind, H. (चतुस्सीमा) The four boundaries of a field
or willage.
Chatushpatha, S. (चतुष्पय) A place where four roads
meet, an open place or SGuare.
Chaturupddli.}///a, S. (चतुर्, four, the four Vedas, and
उपाध्याय:, a teacher) The name of a family of IBrāhmans
in Bengal : in common pronounced Chaturjia or Cha
turjee.
Chaturtha, S. (चतुयै:) A fourth, the fourth' day, &c.
Chaturtha-kri/d, S. (from fक्रया, act, rite) Offering fu
neral cakes on the fourth day after a person's decease ;
Chaturtha-pigda, (from fपण्ड:, the funeral cake)
also
Chaturthi, S. ( चतुर्यीं) The fourth day of the lunar fortnight.
CHATwATTA, (?) Mar, A place where four roads meet. See
Charcattha.
CIIAU, H. ( *) A ploughshare.
CHAU, H. ७३-, abbreviation of S. Chatur, four ; used chiefly
in composition) Four.
Chaubtichha, H. (*५६-५,*-) A mode of apportioning the
assessment formerly practised in the Delhi territory or
the levying of a revenue upon four things ; wiZ. 1. A fixed
rate per plough ; 2. The same per head on each
male above twelve years old ; B. A rate per family,
hearth money ; 4. and one on each head of cattle.
Instead of the plough tax, some statements separate the
Poll tax into two, one on adults and one on children.
Thus arranged, the four heads of taxation are denomi
nated, IPat//, from pa//ri, a turban ; Tit//, the cloth worn
round a child’s waist ; Kitdi, or Kori, a hearth ; and
JPa{nc//ं?, a tail.
Chaa-bandi, Mar. (वोबन्दी) Made up of four, or contain
ing four, as a sheet of paper of four leaves. Any con
nexion of four. Tourfold state or Guality.
Chaubdr, or Chaal)drd, H. ()'ं;ह- , ' ५;-) A summer-house,
a place where villagers assemble, a shed, a police station,
especially that of the principal officer or Kotwal.
Chaubdr{, or Chai/])(tri, IBen. (८घ्रेीदiजैी, ८्रीश्रiली) Aschool
a college, especially one in which Sanskrit is taught
by a Pandit.
0haub?, H. (.*ई । abbrewiated from Chatur-bedi or
-cedi) A Brfthman learned in the four Wedas ; now ap
plied to a class of Brithmans who are not always men
107
CH
_
of literary habits. In the upper provinces they are
usually boxers, wrestlers, and the like.
Chau-bisa, H. (*~ं;#-, from S. चर्तुविंशति, twenty-four)
A tract of country containing twenty-four willages occu
pied by a particular tribe : they are freguent in the
north-west provinces.
Chaudhar{, or Choudharee, sometimes, but incorrectly,
Chaudhri, corruptly, Chorcdrah, Chorcdrg/, H. (.9*e*- ,
lit., a holder of four, perhaps shares or profits) The
head man of a profession or trade in towns. The head
man ofa village. A holder of landed property classed with
the Zamindar and Talukdar. In Cuttack the Chaudharā
was the revenue officer of a district corresponding with
the JDesmukh : the Chaudhar? Taluladar, or head re
venue officer, was there treated under the British Govern
ment as a proprietor or Zamindar.
Chaudhardi, corruptly Chondrany, H. (.s,be*-) The
office, jurisdiction, or privileges of a Chaudhar{.
Chaudhard/et, H. (५-!*e*-) The fees of a Chau
dhar?'s office. _
Chaugadda, Chouguddu, H. (४As;3-) The place where
the boundaries of four willages meet.
Chaughachdr, Mar. (चीघाचार) Ownership by many,
common property.
Chaajhala, Chauguld, or Chaughalaं, corruptly, Chou//ulla,
Mar. (चोघला, चीगुला, चीपुला) The second officer of a
Maratha village, an assistant of the headman or Pattil :
he holds his office by hereditary tenure.
Chauhadda, or Chaahaddi, H. (l5-*-, `***-- from
cliau, four, and A. hadd, a boundary) A place where
the boundaries of four willages meet.
CHAupt, Tel. (Gं ॐ9) Salt soil.
CHAUHAN, CHOUHAN, H. (७ु#) One of the principal
Rajput races, numerous and powerful branches of whom
are found in every part of the north-west provinces, as
well as in Malwa and Rājasthan. The most distin
guished families in Central India are the k/htchi, IIdra,
IBhadauria, I'djhumttr, and others : in the Company's
territories, I'ajor, IPratapn{r, Chakarnag/ar, and JMam
chama ; the head of which last is usually known as the
Raja of Mainpuri ; they trace their descent from the cele
brated Prith? I?ai.
CHAL K, Citot K, corruptly, CHowKE, H. (५429-, चौक) A
sGuare, an open place in a city where the market is held,
and the chief police office is commonly stationed.
2 E
 CH
Chauh-nihds, H. (fनकास) A tax or dutylevied on all articles
soldina market-place in Bengalunder the Mogul Government.
Chauk-mudrd, H., or Ben. mdrtं (from ७५०) Or 9५०,
kill, to strike) Smuggling.
CHAUKA, H. IBen. (**-, ८षॆीकi) A cleared space in which
a Hindu cooks and eats his food, or performs any re
ligious ceremony.
CHAUKARA, H. (J%*-) Division of the crop, in which the
cultivator gives up only one-fourth.
CHAUKARA-BHUMI, (?) Karn. Indiferent land.
CHAUKARI, H. (-9*-) A measure of grain, a Guarter
of a Chauthia, ५. w.
CHAUKAsi, corruptly, CHoKUssEE, H. (..%*-) Vigilance.
An examiner, an assayer. Mar. (चीकसी) Careful in
५uiry or investigation.
Chauhashis, Mar. (चौकसनीशा) An inspector, an overseer,
a visitor ; a registrar or record keeper.
CHAU KAL5A, Mar. (चीकलशा) A class of Stidras, or an in
dividual of it, from their having four (chau) ornaments
(kalasis) to the bridegroom’s litter in a marriage procession.
CHAUK-BHARNA, H. Filling a sGuare space with coloured
meal, perfumes, Sweetmeats, &c., on occasions of rejoicing,
a Mohammadan custom.
CIIAUKHA, H. (५**-) A station where four boundaries meet.
CHAUKf, CHOUKEE, corruptly, CHOwKw, CHOKw, CHOKEE,
H. &c. (.*- चौकी) The act of watching or guarding
property, &c. Station of police or of customs, a guard,
a watch, or the post where they are placed.-Ben. Reg.
iw. l705. ix. x. 1810. xvii. 1816, &c.
Chaukiddr, corruptly, Chomºkeydar, Chokeedar, &c., H.
9'Aं}-) A watchman, a police or custom peon, a
village watchman.-Ben. Reg. xiv. I807. xxii. I810.
vii. l817, &c.
C//auk?ddr?, H. (.9A4%*-) The office of watchman.
A tax levied to defray the cost of a town or village
watch. The fees or wages paid to the town or willage
watchman.- IBen. Reg. xxii. l8l6.
CHAt L, Ben.(प्रोञ्ज्ञ) Rice freed from the husk. See Chdarcal.
CHAU LA, H. (}}-) A kind of bean much cultivated in
Hindustan (Dolichos sinensis).
CHAULA, S. (चौल) The ceremony of tonsure. See Chaidd.
CitAULi, Mar. (वीली) A small silver coin, egual to two anas.
CIIAU MAsA, H. (*५~५९9-) A period of four months, the rainy
SCaSOLl. _
Chaunds, corruptly Chorcmass, H. (C०५०9-). Land
10(G
CH
tilled during the four months of the rainy Season, or from
Ashdrh to Kudir. A rate in a Ryot's lease for those
to lands which he sows after the rains, not having had a
crop previously raised on them in the same year.
Chaumasid, H. (५~9-) A ploughman hired for the four
months.
CHAUNDHf, Thug. A turban.
CHAUN RA, CHOUN RA, H. (]**) A subterranean apartment
for grain.
CHAUN RI, H. (-99-) A police-station, usually the Koticali,
(Sagar)
CHAUNTALI, CHOUNTALEE, H. ( J"$*-' Cotton pods in
which the fibre is egual to one-fourth of the whole produce.
CHAUPAL, CHAUPAR, or CHAUPAR, H. (J५६- ०५;ह- 9५*-)
*
A shed in which the village community assemble for public
business (generally erected by the head man of a village, and
used by him as an office) A raised platform near a
house, a Chabutara, ५. w.
CHAUPAN, (?) Mar. Stift; clayey soil.
CHAUPANI, (?) Uriya. A tax formerly levied by petty chiefs
in Cuttack, to cover the expense ofmaintaining police, com
muted for a money payment. Ben. Reg. xii. l80छे, cl. 4.
CHAUR, H. (A*-) A large open space in a forest (Ro
hilkhand) An extensive tract of low land (East Ondh).
CHAURAHA, H. (s)9-) The meeting of the boundaries of
four willages, or junction of four roads.
CHAURAsI, H. (._..}}-, lit. eighty-four) A subdivision of
a district or Pargana comprising originally eighty-four
willages, although now reduced to a smaller number.
The division was wery common in Hindustan, and nu
merous traces of Chaurdsis have been detected by the
industry of Mr. Elliot, who has added to the fact some
highly valuable Observations on the selection of this par
ticular numeral.-Supplement to the Glossary, p. 151.
CHAURRANi, Mar. (चीरकानी, used with रेखा, &c.) A line
drawn across a sheet of country paper through the four
columns into which it is folded, a form used in letters to
Sons, pupils, &c.
CHAURSI, CHOU RSI, H. (L’,*) A granary above ground
(Rohilkhand).
CHAUs, CHoUS, H. (U~9-) Land four times tilled (Ro
hilkhand).
CHAUsINGHA, II. (५.C.५9-) A raised mound indicating
where the boundaries of four willages meet.
CHAUTH, CIIOUTH, corruptly, CIIOT, and CHOUT, H. (ं9-)
 CH CH

Mar. (चौय, for CHAUTHAi, from the S. चतुयै, fourth)
An assessment egual to one-fourth of the original
standard assessment, or generally to one-fourth of the
actual Government collections demanded by the Marathas
from the Mohammadan and Hindu princes of Hindustan,
as the price of forbearing to ravage their countries. The
Chautl was collected by the Marathas through their own
paid to the farmer or Zamindar, for the privilege of
weighing the grain of the Ryots, either to determine the
Guantity, or for Sale, for which the weighman has a fee
of about half a Ser per maund ; the deficiency, when the
grain is sold, falls upon the purchaser (Puraniya).
CHAUTRA, H. ()ं9-) A court, corrupted perhaps from
Chabutara.

agents, and was divided into four parts ः I. Raj baibti,
a fourth allotted to the head of the State ; 2. From the
other three parts, denominated collectively Mukhdsa, six
Per cent. of the whole Chauth, termed Sahotra, was set
apart for the Pant Suchu ; 3. and Narjunda, or three
per cent. was given away at the pleasure of the Raja or
Peshwa ; 4. The remainder, or Ain Mahhdsa, sixty-six
per cent., was distributed among different Jagirddrs, to
CHAvALAyrU, Tel. (ं9ं99) One-cighth of a pagoda.
CHAvALAN, Mal. (-2-lo-l3).rrt ) The name of a low caste
of Nairs, or of a member of it, a fisherman.
CHAvArt-PHtisti:Tel.Karn(ं9axगं२)Brackishground.
CHAwERRUvUTTi, Mal. (4a-l26ीo-loC४o-५(Jol) Lands, &o.,
granted to the family of a person who has conguered,
or who has fallen in battle, a military pension or reward
for Service.

assist them in maintaining the troops they were bound to CHAVIKA, Karn. (ंऽ२ं) A house with four pillars. A
furnish for the use of the State. Even when a country guard-house.
came into the actual possession of the Marathas, the CHAvILE, Tel. (ं२TC) Four dabs of twenty Wis each.
collections were made under the same titles as before, CHAw U, or CHAU, corruptly, CHow, Tel. (ं)) The weight
and appropriated in like manner. Under the British by which pearls are valued.
0iowernment the Saluotra portion, or six per cent. on a CHAw U DAI, Tel. (ं)८ऽव्)०OO, dialectic form of H. Chaar
fourth of the Government collection3, is still enjoyed by thd/i, or S. Chaturthi, a fourth) Land held on payment
the Pant Suchat ; and some of the grants made from the of one-fourth of the nett produce to the State.
4in Muhhdsa, or nett surplus of the fourth, are still CHAvUKA, or CHAURA, Karn. (ं७6) A SGuare. The
held by individuals. In Hindustan, under the Mogul box containing the Linga.
Government, a Chauth was levied from the successful CHAw UKALU, Tel. (ंl Sºco) A measure of SeWen CU1

party in a law-Suit or arbitration : the precise proportion bits and a Guarter.

is not stated, but it was probably a fourth of a rupee or CHAwU .U, CHAULU, or CHAUDU, Karn. (ं७jँ०, ६ेवं७,
four anas per cent. on the value of the litigated pro aेव्&७) Sterile land. Saline soil, in which corn will
perty. Also, a fourth of the pay of hired servants takon not grow, unless much watered, Fullers' earth.
by the head officer who hires them. A fourth of the fee Chaculu or Chaulu ८/adde, Karn. ( ँं७१०xं) Sterile

paid to a peon for Serving a process taken by the W62ir, wet cultivation. _

or head native executive officer of a Court. Chacula or Chaada gadde, Karn. (eॐॐ१०xं) Barren dry
Chauth८1ं, H. (.४५े;+) A fourth, a fine edual to a fourth cultivation. (It differs from the last in the dental aW.)
of the rewenue. Chaculu mela, Karn. (2*ं७)ं०र्रe) Barren unproductive land.
Chauthard, Mar. (चीयरा) A condition of letting land, in Chaou!uppu, Karn. ( ॐं) १9ं) Earth-Salt. Also
which the landlord takes one-fourth of the produce. A Chautuppu, Chauduppu.
fourth of the produce of a field, &c. CHAvUTU, or CHAUTU, Karn. (ं9ं७) Saline, as soil.
CHAUTHi, H. (चौयी) The fourth lunar day. The ceremony CHAwAL, Mar. (चवल) Two anas, or an eighth of a rupee.

of untying the wedding bracelet on the fourth day after
consummation.
CHAUTHIA, CHoUTHEA, H. (५५े,#-) A measure of grain
in general use in the north-west provinces, about edual
to a S6r of wheat : five Chaathias make one Panse);.
CHAUTKi RAIALf, Hindi (चीत्की केस्राली) An annual sum
107
CHAwALi, Mar. (चवली) A silver coin worth two anas.
CHAwAL, (?) GuZ. A small share in a co-pareenary willage.
(Perhaps the same as the preceding, implying a two-ana
or one-eighth share),
CHAwAR, Mar. (चावर) A measure of land, I20 s(juare
bijhdis.
 CH
CHAwATHA, Mar. (चवाठा) A place where fout roads meet.
Any place where gossips meet, as a barber’s shop, the
village tree, &c.
CHAwATi, or CHAUTf, corruptly, CHOLTRw or CHOULTRw,
Mal. (a-lpo-sी) CHAwApl, Tel. (ष्णंॐe) A public
lodging place, a shelter for travellers.
4nchechdicadi, Karn. (e० ँaमळ२०) The post office.
Chestarachdicadi, Karn. ( ँ*ॐॐaकव्ॐ०) A station
palankin bearers.
JKaigdacludradachdicadi, Karn. ( ॐ०८०aऊळॐaऊळ3०)
Station of armed peons or militiं
JKottaicdlachacadi, Karn.. (Ceर्ट' यण्ट्eaमध्ॐ०)
office of the chief police magistrate, or Kotwal, &c.
Chdicadiyaca, Karn. (&ग्व्ॐ००93) The keeper
choultry or karavansarai.
Chiicaं, Mar. (चावडी) Any place of resort, the magis
trates’ court, a police office, a custom station, an inn.
Chdicarā-hlarch, Mar. (A. द्व्य9*-, expenses) Cost of keep
ing up a public lodging-place.
CHAHwARi, Mar. (चाद्भरी) The drag rope of a plough, a
well, &c., to which the bullocks are yoked.
Chdhicarimot, Mar. (चाद्भरीमोट) The bucket of a draw
well.
Chdhicarydbail, Mar. (चाहन्याबेल) One of the bullocks
yoked to the rope of a plough or well.
CHAwUPULA, or CHAUPULA, Mal. (4a-l2o-५०-APA) Mourning
for a relative. Period of impurity arising from such a
death.
CHAWA, Tam. (GrTLL) A root from which a red dye is ex
tracted (Oldenlandia umbellata).
CHEpAvU, Tel. (G००७) Increase.
JDhar-cheddicu, Tel. (from ॐॐ, price) An extra assessment,
by relinguishing the Government share of the crop to the
Ryot at a higher than the market price.
CHEDU RU, Tel. (य7ॐ७ॐC) An allowance of grain made to
the Ryots in compensation of the right of gleaning.
CHEHAR, Thug. Jungle, forest.
CHEHRA, H. (P. 9-५६-, a countenance) Descriptive roll of
a Servant ; also, Chelura-bandi.
Citf KAWAN, or CHEGAWAN, Mal. (G42-jeeo-lrt) A man
of a low caste, commonly a Tair : one whose occupation
is drawing the Tatrf juice.
CitERU, Tel. (यं) Aseparate portion of land. Soc Cha/.
CHEKKU, Te), (य्ं७) Grain derived from extra measure,
Karn. (ं ) Half a bullock load.
108
CH
CHELA, H. ('-, S. चेट:) A servant, a slave, a pupil, a
disciple, especially one brought up by a religious men
dicant, to become a member of his order. In Mysore, a
Hindu boy seiZed in early life and forcibly made a Mo
hammadam, by order of Tipu : these boys, as they grew
up, were incorporated in a military corps, retaining the
name of Chelas.
for CHELAwANI, or CHELAUNI, Tel. (चञ्eणप्5ॐं) Current, as
coin.
CHELIKE, Tel. (य्*9_S) A field left fallow, a field after
the crop has been cut and cleared.
The
CHELLAM, Mal. (6)2-lā-3०) Royal treasure, hidden treasure.
CIIELLU CHiTi, Tel. Karn. (म्)ं) A receipt.
of a CHELLUBA KILU, Tel. (य्， ंग्’se०) Collections and
balances.
CHEMBADrvApण्, Tel. (य्，०००००~णंॐं) A fisherman.
CHEM MAN, Mal, (6)42-l222rt) A currier, a shoemaker, a
worker in leather. See Chamar.
CHENA, H. (AGA4-) A kind of millet (Panicum miliaceum).
CHENCH, H. (ल्***-) A herb which springs up in uncul
tivated places in the rainy Season.
CIIENCHUvADU, Tel. (य्，०े9॰णश्ॐo) A tribe of half
savage Hindus dwelling in the hills and forests ; also
Karn. plur. Chenchukuladararu.
CHENDI, Tel. (य्，००) The fermented juice of the date tree.
CHENGAvARUsA, Tel. (व्०?ं9*०) A land roll, a list
of farmers and fields.
CHEऽGOLI, Mar. (चंगोलि) Work done for hire.
CHENU, Tol' (य्-7ंC) A fiold of dry grain, a crop.
CHENwUKoTri, Mal. (6)2-loo.J6)co-93), from clienca, copper)
A braZier or coppersmith.
CHEOTA, Thug. Rupees.
CHERA,CHE!.I, Mal. (6)2-!०, 6)2-lg) Soft or wet soil, mud,
mire, Soil in general, or such as is fit for rice cultivation.
Cher-ldpam or -kibham, Mal. (from cher, and S. लाभं,
gain) The profit of cultivation, the cultivator’s share of
the profit.
Ch6५:rucita, Mal. (6)2-!०Go-h(O) Cultivation of wet
lands.
Cher५mon, plur. Cherumar, whence corruptly, Chermers,
Chdrinds, Churmars, also plur. Cheramakhal, corruptly,
Chermakkal, and Sharruimukh al, Mal. (6) ०_loo.cºrrt),
plur. 6-2-lO c२.2a66 (ob) A slave or slaves, priedial slaves ;
the term designating9 them as '' childron of the soil.’’
CHERADAyA. Karn. (ं Cश्०9) Profits to Government
 CHE
from the sale of unchaste women. Assessment on cattle
graZiers.
CHERAi, Karn. ( ँ०व्०००) Pasturage among the hills.
CHERI, Tam. (GEPDh) Mal. (6)4a-l(?)) A town, a village, a
hamlet. _
Paraicheri, Tam. (Lcº-pळै3GDP) A village of Pariars.
JPuducher:, Tam. (L-ुञ्:G*6)e-Dh) A new village or town,
the original form of Pondicherry.
CHERI KKAL, Mal. (6)2-l(Ole65(ob) Threshing-floor and farm
attached to Government lands, Jungle or hilly tracts
sometimes cultiwated.
CHERNADAR, Tam. (Geºry
Frºr) Relations, dependants.
CHERRA, Mal. (6)42-lo०2 ) An artificial reservoir, con
structed for irrigating lands.
Cit ERU, H. ( 94-) The name of a wild tribe inhabiting
the hills and woods in the southern parts of the province
of Benares, in MirZapur and Behar, Sometimes called a
branch of the IBhars, and sometimes identified with the
JKoles. Mr. Elliot considers them to be the aboriginal in
habitants of the provinces, on the skirts of which they are
now found, driven from their proper seats by Rajput races.
CHERUKU, Tel. (य्यां Cºos७) Sugar cane.
CHERUJANMAM, Mal. (6)42-lo४ध्8C2०, from cheru, little)
The rights or perguisites of the inferior members of the
village community.
CHERUMANAM, Mal. (6)42-l(CB620CO०) Collection of revenue,
the duty of an inferior collector.
Chdrumdnahdram, Mal. (6)42-'(CB20Cocºport) An inferior
revenue officer.
CHERUv U, Tel. (य' ँ9ं)) An artificial pond or tank.
JPanta-cherucu, Tel. (from ॐ०&.०, crop) A tank for the
irrigation of various crops.
Ura-cherucu, (from G*ंO, a village) A tank for the
common use of the inhabitants of a village.
CHET, Thug. A traveller who has discowered the designs of
the Thugs. A gold coin.
CH fं'A, Tel. (यं) A cribble : an allowance of grain made to
the head of the village. J/aila-ch6ta, A similar allowance
to the village washerman (from ॐ०००००, H. १maila,
dirty).
CHETAN, Mal. (6)-2-lsrrt) A man Servant, a slave, a
weaver of a particular caste.
CHETRAyf, or SHETRAM, Mal. (6)ceo(ं9०) A temple of the
first order, one dedicated to the Trimartt4. See Kshet;rd.
CHETTE, Karn. ( *ं) Half a bullock load.
100
CHH
CHETTI, Mal. (6)2-l5)) A foreign or Karnata Sitdra, a
tradesman, a weaver by caste and occupation.
CHETTU KARAN, Mal. (6)2-l(ंDeexport) A Tiri drawer: a
grass cutter.
Chettupattam, Mal. (6)42-l(ंDr-l23०) Rent of cocoa
nuts or other palms for extracting Tair{.
CHETU KUT)U, Tel. (Ge॰॰ॐ9) A male servant or slave
CHEwARA, or CHEwARRA, (?) Lands situated at the ex
treme boundaries of a village.
CIIHADAM, corruptly, CHUDAM and CHHEDUM, H. (,'e:५-)
A coin of very small value, one of six, or properly six
and a guarter ddms, or two damris, a ५uarter of a paisa
valued at twenty-five ddms, The word is used to imply
any thing of no worth or value.
CHHAHEL, Hindi (छहेल) Land.
CHHAHKUR, CH'HUH-KOOR, H. 9*५+, from &५--, six)
Division of crops in which the Zamindar gets only one-sixth.
CHHAI, H. (G*५तः-) A pad to prewent laden bullocks from
being galled.
CH HAJ, or CHHACH, H. (F५तः-- *-५तः- छामः) A winnowing
basket.
CHHAKRA, H..(JKश्-, S. शकट) A cart.
CHHAL, CHHUL, H. (U५-, S. च्ल:) Deceit, fraud, In law,
a misdemeanor ; also, a legal guirk or deceit.
CHHALA, IBen. (श्रीलl) A pair of sacks or panniers, or any other
article, So placed on a bullock as to hang on either side.
Cit HALAvAt)r, Karn. ($५०००॰) A menial under the head
merchant of a willage.
CH HALNA, IBen. (श्रीलन्र') An awning under which a
father or guardian presents the bride to the bridegroom
on the day of marriage.
CHHAM UCHITAऎ, Uriya (६|शू38६) Grant of land by
the Raja of Khurda.
Chhdmukdram,Uriya ( ६lधूal6ंl) The accountant of a Raja.
CIIHANTA, H. (UG५--) Throwing additional seed among a
growing crop of rice (Delhi). ILand in which seed has
been sown after a single ploughing, especially at the ex
tremities of a willage, to secure possession.
CHHAN PATं, Uriya (१६l9|5) Grass lands. Hemp.
Cti HAoNI, H. (८49५--) Cantonments, station of troops.
CH HAP, incorrectly Chdjp, corruptly Chop, H. (५-५तः-) A
stamp, a seal. The impression of a stamp or seal. The
Government stamp on papers or on coins. A mark on
weights and measures to shew their accuracy. The cus
tom-house stamp on goods having paid duty, &c. In
9 F
 CHH
Delhi the word is also applied to a small bundle of thorns
about a foot high.
Chhdjpa, H. (*५५तः-) The willage seal used to impress
grain with any stamp or impression. A fee on stamps.
In recent times the word has come to signify printing; as
Chlidpa hdjha2, a printed paper, a newspaper ; Chhttpa
klidna, a printing-house or office ; Chlldipa harma, to
print. Also adj. Sealed, under Seal, distrained, attached.
Chlidpa hasil, H. (U-०५- &५-) A tax on stamping cloth.
Chhdjpi, H. (4५तः-) IBearing a stamp, stamped, authen
ticated, printed.
Chhdjpikari, H. (-9*ः who makes) An officer whose
duty it is to apply a stamp or Seal, a printer.
Chhdjpi rupaiya, H. ( ४.५)) Rupees which have been
defaced by private marks punched on them, and some
what depreciated in value on that account.
Chlidpti, corruptly, Shaptee, H. (.*:५#-) A coarse Seal
of cow-dung and mud affixed to the pile of grain on the
threshing-ground, to prevent its removal until the Govern
ment or proprietor’s dues are paid.
CHHAPA, H. (४५५-) A heap of refuse corn formed in
winnowing, a small heap of grain appropriated to pur
poses of charity. In some places, the name of the bas
ket used for throwing up water out of a pond.
CHHAPPAR, CHHUPPUR, corruptly, CHOPPER, CHUPPUR,
CHUPPRA, CHAPRow, H. 9ं(*-) CH HAPAR, IBen. (श्रीश्रत्र)
A thatch, a thatched roof
Chhappar-band, Chhuppur-bund, H. (P. AG), a binding)
A thatcher, forming in the IDakhin a subdivision of the
Kumbi caste. A resident cultivator, in contradistinction
to one who takes part in the cultivation of the lands of
a village in which he is not a permanent inhabitant.
C//appar-bandi, II. (.sAं, binding) Thatching. Expenseof
thatching. Cultivating withpermanent residence in a village.
CHHAR, H. 9५*-, छाड) The bank of a river, alluvium,
land gained from rivers.
CHHAR, written CHIIAD, but pronounced as ifwith a final p, Bon.
Uriya (श्रi७) Letting go, relinguishing, allowing to pass, &c.
Ch//trd, IBen., Uriya (श्रीजi) I,etting go, relinguishing.
Relinduished, deserted, as lands out of cultivation.
Ch/dºd-bdiki, IBen., Uriya (A. J*५) IBalance due for
lands deserted. __
Chh{{ri, IBena Uriya (श्रीजि) Remission ofrcvenue: lowering | CHIIATrt R, CIIIIUTTooR, H. 9;्-
or letting off rent: acguittal of a prisoner, release : laches,
not prosecutinga suit, andother uses implying abandonment.
110
CHH
Chhdj-chitthi,H., Ben.,Uriya,&c. (_sं-9५तः- छ्iजञ्छिंठी)
A pass, a permit, a passport on sale of salt, to the ex
tent of twenty mams within a given jurisdiction ; also an
order for its release. (Shakespeare derives the compound
from Chhdr, a bank of a river, but it is probably a
modification of Chhdr, letting goः or, as applied in the
salt agencies, it may be referred to Chhdr, vernacular
form of S. K8hdj’, salt. As derived from the Hindustani
Chhorma, to let go ; the compound is Chhor-chittli).
Ben. Reg. x. I8l9.
CII HARf DAR, or BARDAR, Mar. (छडीदार:, वरदार) A cane
bearer, an usher.
CHHAT, Cf HUT, H. (e-५-) CHHAT, Ben. (श्रीज) The
roof of a house.
CHHATA K, Ben. (श्रुणोदं) CH HATANK, or CHHATANKi, Mar.
(छटांक, छटांकी), also Uriya, CHHATANKI, (S. पट, six,
and अंक , a mark) One-sixteenth part of a Ser measure,
either of weight or capacity.
CH HATAO, H. ७७५-) Cleaning rice from the husk.
CHHATHi, H. (Jं-, from S. पट्, sis) Sixth. A cere
mony performed a few days, from six to nine, after the
birth of a child, by women among the Mohammadans.
The sixth day of the month. .
CHHATR, CHHATRA, or CHHATAR, CHHUTR, CHHUTRA,
or CHHUTUR, H. &c. (A५-, S. छचं) also CHHATA, H.
(G५-) Am umbrella. (S. ष्लेच) A place of shelter for
travellers, especially for Brithmans (Mysore), a serai.
Chhatri, Chhatree, corruptly, Chitree and Chiteree, H.
&c. (49-५तःि । from S. छची, a small umbrella) A monu
mental structure or pavilion erected in honour of some
person of rank. In Mlal., One who carries an umbrella ;
also a barber.
Chllatra-pati, H. S. A prince or Raja, one ower whom a
parasol is carried as a mark of dignity.
Chhatra-dhdr, B., lit. an umbrella-bearer-A mixed caste,
formerly known in the Dakhin, whose function it was to
hold the umbrella over persons of rank, and fetch water
for the four pure castes.
Chhatra-carttana, Karn. (ंॐ_ं,६७) A tax formerly
lewied for feeding the Brithmans of the Chaultris.
CitHATRi, or CHIIETRi, H. (.s,५-, ५9**५तः- S. झत्रिय:)
A man of the second, or regal and military caste.
*+ ६
from छ्च , an um
brella) An article placed upon the top of a heap of
winnowed corn ; a cake of dried cow-dung, or a shoot
 CHH CHI

of grass, or bundle of twigs, or a spear placed by the CHHi Pf, incorrectly CHIPI, corruptly CHEEPA and CHEAPARA,
side of it, or a flower near the bottom, to protect the corn H. ( …’*(द- ) from the w. ५:५तः-) A printer of cottons,
from the effects of the evil eye. a chintZ-stamper, Also Chhipi-gar.
Chhatrapati-paisi, Mar. (पेसा) The copper coin of Puna, CHHi R, H. O:५--, S. घीर, milk) The land cultivated by
&c., established originally by Sivaji, stamped with the the proprietor of a village, or the lessee himself on his
word Chhatrapati. own account. See Str.

CHHAUR, CHHoUR, H. 9;श्-) A large stack of Jawar CHIIIT, Ben. (श्छि) ChintZ, (also from S. शिष्ट) Balance,
collected for fodder, comprising several smaller stacks remainder.

(Delhi). Also, walking a boundary with a raw cow-skin CHHITUA, H. (';्(*-) Sowing broad-cast (IBenares).
on the head, under a solemn oath to decide correctly : CH HOLA, H. (*bश्-) Gram, (Cicer arietinum) The man who
five sticks are held in the hand, to imply that the arbi cuts the standing sugar-cane, and pares off the leaves and
trator is the representative of the Panchayat (In the tops, which are in part payment of his labour.
north-west). CHH6ः, H. ७५-, from 9xतः-, to let go) Letting go,
CHHEDA, H. (le:५-, from S. छेद, cutting) An insect in dismissal, remission, acduittance. Also Chhor6n and
jurious to corn ; the disease occasioned by it. Chhordmca. _

CitHEDANA, S. (छेदनं) lit. cutting, In criminal law, muti
lation, cutting off a member or limb.
CHHELA, Uriya (G9R) A weight of metal egual to forty bishas.
CHHENKwAU, or CHHENKwAIA, H. Gly94५-, ५';**५६-)
Seduestration, distraint.
CIIHENCHAN, Ben. (८श्*प्त्रमं) Throwing up water from a
pond or any reservoir.
CH HETR, or CH HETRA, H. 9*४५तः-, S. क्षेत्रं) A field. A place
of reputed Sanctity, as, JKuru-chhetra or Kuru-khct, at
Panipat. A geometrical figure : whence the Sanskrit
translation of Euclid is known as the Cshetra- or
JKshetra-sanhitd.
Chhetra-phal, H. (U५:)****-) The superficial contents of
a field or any geometrical figure.
CHHi DA, H. ('A५५--) Thin, not close, as a crop of corn
or grove of trees, &c. _
CH H IKAI, H. (.3ं(*) A fee on granting a release or ac
Chhop-chitthi, H. (J*+ 2;**-) A deed of release, a
pass, a permit : a deed of divorce, or abandonment of a
wife, a document giving up claim to a girl betrothed to
the repudiator, but married in his absence to another man.
CHHOTA THA KUR, Ben. (८श्रोत्री, H. ७,५.*-, little, ठेीकूत ,
a lord) The youngest brother of a husband’s father, to
be used only by the wife of an elder brother’s son. A wife's
father’s younger brother, to be used by an elder brother.
Chotd thdkurdn/, IBen. (८छ्ाप्ाठाकूतोनी) The wife of
a husband’s father’s younger brother, or of a wife's
father’s younger brother.
Chottibai, IBen. (८छ्iछांदउँ) A younger brother’s wife.
The youngest of a man's wives, or the one last marriod.
CHHt RI KABAND'HA, Mar. (लूरिका, a knife, and बंध, binding)
A ceremony formerly in use of formally investing a Sridra
with a billhook, in imitation of the investiture of the
Brāhman with the cord.

quittance of rent or revenue (Rohilkhand). CHIIUT, H. (५-2;त्-, from the w. ५ऽं;(*-, to let go) Re
CH Histi, H. (L~५-, S. शिंषी) A pod or legume. mission, ac५uittance, letting go or relinguishing. Re
CHHIND, Bon.T(श् ि॰ज्) A water-course. mission of revenue either on the btjhd or in rupoes.
CHHis KA, H. (७G५५-, छीका, S. शिक्प) A sort of bag of Chhatt, Chh4-m/ifi or m५jrdi, are terms especially applied
rope fastened on the mouth of an ox with straw for him to the reductions made in the assessment of the Fasli

to eat while ploughing. A net or loop for hanging pots year l107 (A. D. l780), Some have been authorised by
or boxes in. Government, but most have been granted without any
CH Hi N'', H. (c~～५५--, S. fचच, variegated) ChintZ, spotted Such authority.
CottonS. Chhiftait{. H. _(G;";(ह-) Remission of rent or revenue.
CaHixTA, H. (L.५५--) A ficld in which Peas and linseed C// {!!i, II. (Uं(*-) IAeave, leave of absence, discharge,
have been sown broad-cast while the rice crop is standing, dismissal, leisure, opportunity.
and left to grow after the rice is reaped. CHi BHAR, H. 9***-) Land which long remains moist (Sāgar).
Chhintab, II. (५--J५--) Sowing broad-cast (Bundelkhand). CH 1GARAvANTrGE, Karn. ( aं K6ंॐ०37रं )
_

A tenure of
111 _
 CHI
land in Mysore by shares, in which .the whole willage
was parcelled out in lots of egual value, each containing
a due proportion of wet, dry, and garden land.
CH IIIAf, CH IHANA, CHIHARA, H. (.s५- ५५तः-) A place
where dead bodies are burned.
CHi HEL, H. (U.५३-) Wet oo2y land. From CHIHLA,
(*५--) mud.
CHi HE, H. (, +(* ) A division of the Gujar tribe.
_ andropagon, minnakun, benZoin, and camphor.
CHIHNA, S. &c. (विह) A mark, a sign, a badge, any dis
tinguishing mark or sign.
Chihnit, H. (e-५--) S. बिह, a mark) Known, ascer
tained, measured, identified. Uriya. Identity.
Chilinit ndma, H. (P. &०७) A specification of land with
its boundaries.
CHI K, H. &c. (विक, J*-) A kind of Screen, usually made of
split bambus loosely fastened together in parallel lines by
perpendicular strings, and painted.
CHf K, CHf KAR, CHEEK, CHEEKUR, H. (५-'*- ;***)
CH I KHAL, Mar. (चिखलं, S. चिकिल) Mud, slime. The
bundle of rushes or turf on which the bucket rests when
brought to the top of the well. Land that has been
recently irrigated.
Chikhalicat, Mar. (विखलवत) Miry, muddy, land rendered
so by irrigation.
CHf K, Thug. A gold Mohur.
CHf KA, Thug. A timid or cowardly Thug.
CHikAL, (?) Planting surplus parcels of rice-plants on un
occupied willage lands, for the use of which the trans
planters agree to pay a portion of the produce.
CH I KAN, H. (७**) Working flowers on muslin, or em
broidering.
Chikan-dos, H. (P._;e, a sewer) An embroiderer, a worker
of flowers in muslin.
CHf KAT, CH I KTi, CHEEKUT, CHikTEE, H. (c~**-- _ं-)
Clayey soil (Sāgar). __
CHIKAi', H. (4-99-) Clayey soil of a black colour.
CHIKHAR, H. 9**-) The husk of Chana.
Cit KHARwAI, II. (.s',U**-) Wages for weeding (Oudh).
CKIR RAN, CHIKNA, corruptly, CHICKUM, H. (Jं-, Uं-)
Mar. (चिकण) S. (fवक्णः) Greasy, fat, unctuous. Thick,
loamy as soil. Pure clay, ineapable of cultivation.
Chikanicat, Mar. (विकणवत) Greasy or fat, especially as
soil ; loamy or clayey soil.
Chi/५///tadu, (?) Mar, A particular kind of rich soil
(Western India).
112
CHI
Chikndicat or Chilinot, H. (e-9ं-, विकनोट) A clayey
or loamy soil, a fat Soil.
CHIKLI, corruptly, CHICKILEE, (?) A ryot cultivating in one
willage and residing in another.
CHILIKI, Tel. (प29$) A field left fallow.
CHIKsA, H. (५~ं-) A fragrant powder made up of a great
variety of ingredients ; the principal of which are sandal,
CHII.AM, corruptly, CHILLUM, H. &c. (,*) The part of
the hukka which contains the tobacco and charcoal balls,
whence it is sometimes loosely used for the pipe itself or
the act of smoking it.
CHILAwA, Mal. (42-heao-l) Expense, disbursement, money
allowed for_expenses, batta, or extra allowance.
CHILLA, H. (A45-, from the P. c५#-; forty) A forty days’
fast, a similar period of religious seclusion, or the place
where it is observed. The period of forty days after
childbirth during which a woman is unclean. Ceremony
of purification. The shrine or residence of a saint.
CHILLAGIN.JE, Karn. (&#g,?\०ं) The nut of the Strychnos
potatorum, which is rubbed on the inside of water jugs
to purify the water.
CHILLAR, CHILLARU, CH ILLARE, CHILRE, corruptly, CHIL
LER Or CHILTA, Tel. (ंagंC) Karn. (es.gपै', &#डै, )
Mal, (a-ng G०) Trifling, petty, sundry, an odd sum of
money, a small grant or allowance.
Chillar-bdb, Karn. Sundry items or cesses in revenue.
Chillar-kharcha/, Tel. (ं2gंC.y) vernacularly or in
correctly, Chilhar kharch, Mar. (?) Sundry or petty
expenses, deductions from the revenue allowed for willage
expenses and for the contingent expenses of the native
revenue servants (Dakhin).
Chillar-lidram, Mal. (2-hg3०८9,9(ort) A petty shopkeeper.
Chilla५-cari, Mal. (o-lf), a tax) The minor or petty pay
ments made to the inferior village servants.
Chilldri-ndn/on, corruptly, Chilla?'/-mannium, Tel.
(ं2ं,०२यं8C) Small grants ofland for village charges,
the pay of revenue officers, or support of temples, &c.
CHII.TA, Karn. (*७५अ) Sandal chips (Mysore).
CHILwAi, II. (GA5-) The turf or rushes on which the
bucket, when drawn up from the well, rests ; and which
therefore becomes sloppy and muddy.
CHIMAMA, Thug. The cry of the wolf a bad omen.
CHIMOTA, Thug. A boy. Chimoti, a girl.
Citrof PGA, Karn. (ं ०२2x) A tailor.
 CHI
CHiN,H.(Jं-) Akind ofsugar(Upper Doab and Rohilkhand),
Ch{ni, H. (.*हं) Coarse sugar.
CHINDA, Gua (Pru'st) Allowance made by Grasias to vil
lage Pittils for collecting their dues.
CHfNG, Thug. A sword.
CHINGANA, Thug. A boy.
CHINGARf, Thug. A clan of Muttarf Thugs of the Mo
hammadan religion, following ostensibly the business of
Banjaras, or travelling grain and cattle dealers.
CHINGORIA, Thug. One of the sects of the Thug clans.
CHiNHA, Thug. A boy.
CHisKALU, Tel (e०seo) The inferior grains of millet
separated by winnowing from the better.
Chinkalu-rds;, Tel. (C`?, S. राशी) A heap of such grain.
CHINTAL-MA KTA, or CHINTAL- LANA GUTI, (?) Mar, A tax
levied on large scales.
CHINwAL, (?) Mar. Tax payable from the customs revenue.
CHIPPAI.A, Karn. (eं8१) An instrument of torture
two sticks tied together at one end, between which the
hand is placed, and the loose ends are forcibly pressed
together.
CHIPPEvADU, Tel. (श्रृंणं७) CHIPPIGA, Karn. (ं%)
A tailor, said to have sprung from a Shakili female by a
Brāhman.
CHIPTEs, Mar. (चिीनं) A measure of capacity, one-fourth of
a। 867*.
CHIE, Mal (~h०) A bank, a dam, an embankment, a mound
across rivers, or dividing fields, serving as a causeway
in the rains; the Band or IBund of IBengal. A large pond.
CHIRA, S. (fबरं) Long, in time.
Chiranjic, B. S. (छित’ङील) Long-lived, said as a bene CitrrA-KirANpA, Ben. (प्ञ्जिीर्थ*७) Spring-harvest.
diction.
Chird/u, S. (चिरायुः) Long-lived.
CHIRA, Thug. Call of the Ruparfl, or the bird itselfः
CHi RA, S. (चीरं) Cloth, clothes, bark. An effigy placed
upon the funeral pile when a woman burnt herself aftor
her husband’s decease in a distant place.
CHIRAGHI, H. (.*)ः । P. 89त-- a lamp) An allowance,
either public or private, for keeping a lamp or lamps
constantly burning at the tomb of a Mohammadan saint,
or for illuminating a mosgue. Presents of money for
like purposes.
CHIRAvARA-PADU, Tel. (eंय`ॐ०) Land recovered
from the waste, and prepared for the cultivation of the
Chiravara or Chdi, a plant yielding a red dye.
118
CHI
CHIRCHERA, Thug..Cry of the li2ard.
CHIRCHITTA, H. (***) A kind of grass bearing a small
seed which may be eaten.
CHIRETA, Thug. A Maratha, a Pandit.
CHIREwA, Thug. Chirping of the small owl, an unlucky
OTmen.
CHIRrvA-MAR, Ben. (त्रिजिपीभीत) A low caste, by pro
fession bird catchers.
CHf RPPA, Mal. (a)ंA) A flood-gate, a piece of wood or a
door to shut up a sluice.
CHisA, Thug. Any good or blessing, especially a wealthy
traweller.
CHrr, abbreviation of Chitthi, ५.w. Mar. (विट् ) A note, a letter.
Chitnacis, or Chitnis, (नवीम्, or नीस, from Chit, and
P. mancis, writer) Under the Maratha Government, an
under secretary of state, who wrote and answered des
patches. Any clerk or registrar. The same as the Sar
rishtaddr of the Company's Courts, in the Dakhin.
CHIT, H. &c. (५--~ः-, S. fवत्) Mind, understanding, the
intellectual faculty, the Soul.
CitrTA, H. &c. (U -, S. चिता) A funeral pile, a heap of
sticks on which a dead body is burned.
Chitdhha, H. (-435-) A funeral pile.
Chitapinda, S. (चितापिण्ड) Offerings of cakes to the
manes at the funeral pile at the time of burning the
corpse.
Chitārohana, S. (वितारोहण) Ascending the funeral pile,
burning with the dead body of a husband.
Chitha, Hindi (चिटका) A place where dead bodies are
burned.
CIIITARI, corruptly, CHEETARo, H. (५9५े- S. fबच्वकाररी)
A painter.
CH ITRA, S. &c. (बिच) Wariegated, spotted : a picture, chintZ.
CHITRABHANU, S. (चिचभानुः) The sixteenth year of the
cycle of sixty.
CHITRAGUPT, Mar. (चिचगुप्तः) A skilful writer, both as
regards his style and handwriting. (From the mytho
logical Chitragupta, S. the registrar of the dead.)
CHiTPEKALARA, Arakan. A class of slaves, those who are
taken in battle. _
CIIITr, H., and other dialects, (५---, S. चित्तं) Mind,
hoart, the intellectual faculty, or its supposed seat.
Chittparcam, Mar. (बिक्तपावन) A Brāhman of a particular
tribe; also termed Konkamastlia, or Konkan Brahman.
2 G
 CHI CHO

CHITTARI, Tam. (ट्रीट्टेट्ठDh) A small tank. CHorwA, H. (५}*-) A hole dug in the dry bed of a river.
CHITTr’, Tel. (eं) An incomplete heap of salt. A rivulet.

CHrr HA, H. (५्-) CHrrA, Ben. (त्रिष्ट) CHITTHA, Tel. CHOKA, H. (७%*) Rice (Sāgar),
( ॰छ्रु” ) A memorandum, a rough note or account, rough CHoKABAG, H. (चोकाबाग) Seeds sown immediately after
journal or day-book. Pay of public servants. Particular a fall of rain.
statement of the measurement of a Zamindar’s estate CHGl.J.U, Tel. (pl. ुं) A kind of grain (Cynosurus
founded on actual measurement. It also applies to an corocanus).
account of all the lands in a village, divided numerically CHoNpA, Mar. (चोड़ा) A clump of rice plants.
into ddghs or Shares, shewing the guantity of land in CHoNpA, H. (l5ं,*) A well not faced with masonry, where
each, the sort of cultivation, and the name of the cultivator. water is near the surface.
Also a field book, more usually termed khasra, an ac CHoND'HA, Mar. (चोण्ढा) A small bed or banked-up portion
count of all the lands of a willage, according to their of a rice field.
allotment, in the order in which they have been CHoNTA, Ben. (८ात्रi*उl) A rough copy, a rough draft (of
measured. __
a writing).
Chith4-4mald4ri, H. (.9le' * ५*) A deed conveying CHoNTf, or CHoTf, H. (Lं;रै- ५* । from S. बूडा) A
a proprietary fight. tuft of hair left at the top of the head when the rest is
CHrrrHI, H. (.्-) CHrri, IBen. (ञ्छिी) CHIrt, CHITri, shaved off, in the case of boys at an early age. Among
CHITHf, or CHrrHTHi, Mar. (fबटी, चिट्टी, विठी, चिट्ठी, the Mohammadans it is sometimes dedicated to a par
CHfrr, Karn. (a Ge&3) corruptly CHITEB,abbreviated CHIT. ticular saint.
A note, a short letter, any letter, a note conveying an CHoPDf, pronounced CHOPRf, corruptly, CHOPEDDI, Mar.
order or demand. (चोपडी) A stitched or bound book for accounts.
Chitthi talah, or Talab chitthi, (from the A. ५--Jue, in CHOPPA, Tel. (ं`ं8) Straw.
guiry) A process, a precept, a summons to a defaulter to CHoP-SANAD, (?) Uriya. Grant ofrent-free lands in perpetuity.
appear and pay his arrears. CHoR, H. &c. 9-, S. चोर) A thiefः
Chitihundi, Karn. (*९&9००००) A bill of exchange. Chorank or dinh, Mar. (चोरअंक -सांक, from S. स्रङ्गुः, a
Chittu, Karn. (a*९e५) A rough copy or draft. cypher) An extremely small figure on the leaves of a
Chitu, or Chit6, Karn. (&#e&3o, aं) Chittu, Tam, MS., or on a bale of cloth or piece of goods, to mark its
(e्रीtं-G) A bill, a bond, a deed : the Hindi Chitthi. price. A secret or furtive mark.
CHITTI, or CHETTI, more correctly, SETHI, corruptly, CHITTw, Chordarmrd3a, (from P. 9b)e a door) A back door, a
Tel. (ं, Or चं, from S. Sreshthi, श्रेष्ठी) All private way.
members of the trading castes in the Madras provinces, Chorgali, H. (गली, a lane) A bye street or lane.
either shopkeepers or merchants. Chorajast, Mar. (चोरगस्त) Secret rounds, going privily
CHivArm, Mal. (-)o-ipsh) A small vessel, a kind of round streets, &c.
Pattamar. Chorsirhi, H. (*५“) Back stairs.
CarvUKA, Tel. (प29*) A coin of the value of a guarter Chorujasti, (?) Tel, A spy, a secret watcher.
rupee. Chorroddd, Mar. (चोरवाडा) A haunt of thieves.
CHIwANA, H. (G}*) A place where dead bodies are burned.
Chorcamin, H. (Jº-99*-) A ५uagmire.
CHoB, H. (--9-) CHor or CHom, Mar. (चोप, चोच) A Chora-nimalk, H.(५--'-॰ं9*-) but used in Cuttack, Con
stick, a staff a staff of office. traband salt.
Chobdair, corruptly Chabddr, H. 9.५;*) An attendant Chordmma-little, (?) Karn. An item of revenue ; remission
carrying a short staff or mace. on account of plunder by thieves or robbers.
CHoHA, H. ('P9-) A small well. Chor{, H. &c. (५-9;का- चोरी) Theft, robbery ; also, doing
CHoHAR, less correctly, CHoAR, Ben. (८ष्त्रीशङ) A tribe of any thing furtively or clandestinely.
mountaineers in the hills of Ramgarh, &c. Chorimdr{, Mar. (चोरीमारी) A collective term for illegal
CHof L, Hindi (चोईल) Land lying low, and always moist. and violent practices, robbery, battery, murder.
114
 CHU CHU

Chori-sarakula-phdramu, (?) Tel. A statement of smug CHU KAT, H. (५-**- from 'ं-, to be finished or settled)

gled goods. Agreement, a contract.

CHoT, H. (e-ºx*) Folding a blanket or sheet as a cower CHU KAUTA, CHOOKoUTA, H. (ं2-) Fixed rates of rent,
ing for the head and shoulders, So as to keep out rain : money rate.
practised by shepherds and herdsmen. CHUKKAN, Mal. (a-d०96)0rrt) A helm, a rudder.
CHoTA, H. (G,*-) IDiscount or premium. Chukhdnkdram, Mal. (a-d०06)086x9(orrt) A steersman. Soe

CHoTANA, Mal. (6)2-iproo०, S. शोधन) A liguid measure, Seacummy.

varying in different places, Searching, determining. CHUKRI, CHookREE, H. (.3,**-) A fractional division of
Chotanakaram, Mal. (6)a-lp(ooeexport) Acustom officer, land (Kamaon and Garhwal).
a searcher, one who examines goods in transit to verify CHUKTA, Mar. (बुक्का) Settled, cleared, as a debt.
their having paid the proper duty. Chukt4, IBen. (हिङी ) or Chukot{, (बुकोती) Chukrcat{,
CHUā, H. (b*-) A plant used as a potherb in some places, Mar. (बुकवती) Settlement of a debt or bargain.
but in Garwal and Kamaon the small grains of it are CHULA, or CHULAH, H. (ं,*-) A tribe of Tagas in Baghpat.
largely used as food (Amaranthus oleaceus). CHULAT, Mar. (बुलत) A term expressing collateral relation
CHUDA, Ben. Mar. (S. चूडा) A tuft of hair left on the top ship, used in composition ; as, Chulat-atjd, a grandfather’s
of a boy's head at the time of tonsure. (It is also pro brother ; Chalat-bhdii, son of a paternal uncle.
nounced Chttrd and Chttl4, whence come the deriva CHULHA, or CHULHi, H. (५्!}*-, .. ं;*? CHULA, Mar. (चूल)
tives Chaura and Chaula, signifying the ceremony of in other dialects, CHULA, CHULLI, from the S. (बूलि) A
tonsure.) fire-place, a temporary and moveable receptacle for fire,
Chttda-karanam, -karma, or -kri/d, (from S. करणं, &c., made of dried clay.
act, ceremony) The ceremony of tonsure performed on CHULIA, (?) A name given to the Mohammadans in Mala
Hindu boys, which should properly take place between bar. In Cuttack (ं6धl) A salt-boiler.

the third and fifth year of their age, but sometimes later, Chalia-malangi, Uriya (ं6ध|१२६ी) The head salt
when a single lock of hair is left on the top of the head. maker, the one who makes engagements with the Go
See Chaura or Chaula, Chaura-karama, Chaula-karana, wernment. _

&c.
Chaul-otsaca, S. A festival held on occasion of the cere
mony of tonsure.
CHUGAI, CHooGAEE, H. (.४५्-) Pasturage.
CHUGHAL, or CHUGHLI, H. (P. . d)ं-, ७*)
telling, backbiting, informing.
Chughalkhor, H. (9x*-, who eats) A tale-bearer, an
informer.
CHt HRA, H. (De9-) The lowest description of village ser
CHULLi, CHooLLEE, H. (U4-) Supports placed beneath
stacks ofstraw or stores ofgrain. A fire-place. See Chitllia.
CHULLU, CHooLLoo, H. (9-) The palm of the hand hol
lowed for holding liguids. A handful of any thing fluid.
Tale CHULTA, Mar. (बुलता) A paternal uncle.
CHUMArA, Mal. (a-42s) A load, a burthen.
Chama{{dl,Chumattukdran,Mal.(a-d 23?७०,a-a 25aexport)
A porter.
CHUMBAK, Ben. (फ़्ंवत्) Substance or abstract of a document.

vants, the same as the IBhangi, Halaillahor, Mehtar, &c. CHUM wA, (?) Asamese. Name of a tribe in Asam exempt
CHUK, Ben. (फ़्) CHU K, but often short in derivatives from manual labour.

and compounds, Mar. (बूक) A mistake, an error, espe CHUN, or Cirtst, CHooN, CHooNEP, H. (७* #se-,
_" *
S.

cially in figures. चूर्णै) Pease-meal, pulse coarsely ground.

Chak1, Mar. (बुकी) A small mistake. CHUNA, H. (५;*-, S. चूर्णै) CHUNNAM, whence the current
Chaakbhail, Mar. (बुकभूल) All kinds of errors or inad word CittsAyr, Tam. (G०र्यश००णt) Lime.
vertencies. Chandru, or Chundrt, H. (99५*-, ॰99-) Lime-burners,
CHURADo, GuZ. (भु%uGu) Decision, adjustment, settle or workers in lime, as plasterers.
ment of a dispute, &c. CHUNDIGAR, GuZ. (धु*$1२ut२) A bracelet-maker, one
CHUKANi, IBen. (पृशनी) Am under-tenant (Rangpur). who makes armlets of glass or ivory for married women.
CHUKARA, CHookARA, H. ()'ं*) Customs, duty (Sagar). CHUNGADr, Karn. (ं७०*०) Interest of money, odds,
115
 CHU
CHUNGAL, CHooNGUL, H. (c)9५-) A handful of any thing
dry.
CHUNGf, H. (७*) A handful of grain lewied as a tax or
fee for weighing, or as a compensation for the use of
market conveniences, as bags, booths, &c. Similar con
tributions to religious mendicants, or allowance to Za
mindars for establishing a new market or permitting a
fair to be held. This is also sometimes called CHUTKf,
( _ं#) lit. a pinch.
Chingi-penth, H. (from Pemth, ****, a market) Amarket
or fair held on the tenure of giving a small portion of
each saleable article to the Zamindar.
CHUNGUT)U, Tel. (थ्७०79ॐo) A small or trifling arrear.
CHUNKAM, Mal. (a-48o०) Duty, customs, See Sunha.
CHUNKIPPA, Mal. (a-aeºg-i) Petty theft, pilfering, fraud.
CHUNNI, Mal. (*-9ं;) A sum of a hundred Raumris.
CHUNTRU, CHooNTRoo, H. (AA%*-) Head man of a dis
trict in IDehra Ditn.
CHUR, CHURA, or CHURi, H. (79-, S. चूडा) A crest, a
topknot, a ring, an armlet, the bracelet put on a bride's
arm at the time of marriage, and which she is entitled
to wear only while her husband lives : hence, meta
phorically, the married, as opposed to the widowed state.
See also Chi{d4.
Chaird bhanddra, H. An allowance or portion of land
granted as means of maintenance to the junior members
of a Zamindar’s family.
CHURA, Karn. (ं0०ॐ, from the S. चूर्णै) The smallest
pieces of Sandal assorted for sale.
CHUTHACHUTH, Mar. (बुयाबूर्ये, lit. deranging) Applied to
writing which has been or is being spoiled by numerous
corrections, erasures, interlineations, &c.
CHUTr, Karn. (ं७॰) A roll of tobacco, a cigar.
CHUTUL, Mal. (a-a(C१७०) A roll, a scroll, a roll of tobacco,
a cigar.
CHUwAR, Ben. (Eपाज्) The name of a tribe of mountaineers
inhabiting the mountains bordering Bengal on the west,
in Ramgarh and the neighbouring districts.
D
DA, Ben. (नl) DAU, H. (,le) A sickle, a billhook, a sort
of hatchet with the point curved. (From the S. Dd, or
JDo, to cut.)
DAAi, H. (A. ,५*
,e'e) A claimant, a plaintitlः
110
DA
-Dadia, H. (A. AAcle) A plaint, a claim, a petition. See
JD4?g८.
DAB, H. (--'l5, Darbha, दभै) A kind of grass (Poa cy
nosuroides) with sharp points ; whence a sharp-witted
man is said to be Darbl-40ra, keen-pointed as Dab grass.
It is not much used for ordinary purposes, but is held
Sacred by the Hindus, and is strewed upon the floor or
on the altar at offerings with fire : it is also considered
desirable that a dying person should expire upon a bed
of this grass. It is also called Kusa.
IDABA, Ben. (जीदl) A large vessel to receive the juice of
the sugar-cane from the mill.
DABA, Uriya (६|६) Memorandum, inventory, list.
DABAK, or DABKA, DABUK, DUBRA, H. (५-५",७ं) Fresh
well water.
IDABALIvA, Ben. (जीवiलिश्चl) Low land.
DABAR, IDABUR, H. (9'o) ILow ground where water lies.
A small tank.
DABBi, IDUBBEE, Tel. Mar. (ं) A small box, a cash
box, one kept in temples to receive contributions. The
contributions so received.The treasury of a temple.
IDABARo, GuZ. (Svtंu) A vessel of leather for holding oil,
ghee, &c., commonly called a Dubber.
.DABBU, Tel. &c. (ं) A JDab or Dub, a small copper
coin of the value of twenty kas; whence it comes to
signify money in general.
DABEHRA, DUBEHRA, H. (]xंe) A large ploughshare
(East Oudh).
-Dabeliri, Dubeliree, H. (.9{-५e) A light kind of plough
in the west of Oudh and Rohilkhand.
IDABr, H. (.४'e) Ten handfuls of the autumn crop. See
the next.
JDabid, Dubea, H. (५e, from ५५e, to press) A measure
of grain : when applied to the autumn crops it usually
designates about ten handfuls ; when to the spring crops,
sixteen ; but it varies in different places.
DABiR, DUBEER, H. (P._Age) A writer, a secretary.
DABRA, DUBRA, H. (JPe) A marsh, a puddle. In the
Upper Doab, a small field.
DABRI, IDUBREF, H. (.9:e) Division of profit among a
village community according to their respective shares.
IPABULES, or IPABOLEN, also IDABULKEN, &c. Mar. (डबुळं,
डबोल्ठं, डबुलकं) A hidden or reserved treasure.
DACH, IDUCH, H. (Fe) Homestead (East Oudh).
DAD, II. (P. e'e) Justice, complaint, representation. (In
 DA।
some dialects, as in Marathi, the latter appears to be the j DAERD, (a probable error for DHER, ५. w) A class of agri
more common use of the word, although the former is cultural slaves, said to be numerous in Kanara.
its more legitimate meaning). | DAFA-DAR, corruptly DUPFADAR, H. &c. (P. )'e ~de) In
JDddं, H. (.sele) A plaintiff a complainant. the Hindu dialects which have no.f the pl is substituted ;
JDadi-fariddi, H. (P. .se५9 .sele) Hindi, Dada-phi
ridda, (दाहुफिरिस्रादु) A complainant, an appellant for
justice.
JDaid-hhngdh, H. P. (४);*) A plaintiff a suitor, an ap
pellant for justice.
Dad-hhndhi, H. P. (Jºb5-, desiring) Applying for jus
tice, instituting a Suit.
DAD, H. (P. ele, from ७ele, give) A gift. Giving.
to
-Ddd-o sitad, H. (P. oं…, taking) Giving and taking, ex
change, barter, traffic.
Dadai, Hindi (दादै) A term used in leases, meaning
that the lessor 'gives,’ or 'has given.’
Dadani, or, abbreviated, Didni, H. &c. ( _siole, दादनी)
Paying in advance, advancing pay to labourers or manu
facturers : any additional gramt or allowance.
JDadani malangidn, H. ( ७*२, salt maker) An ad
ditional allowance to the makers of salt, an item in the
former revenue accounts of Bengal.
DADA, H. &c. (le'e) Paternal grandfather, an elder brother,
any elder or venerable person.
JDddi, fem. (.sele) A paternal grandmother, any wene
rable old woman.
DApH, incorrectly, DAT, Mar. (दाढ) Ground prepared by
burning for being planted ; the weeds and grass strewed
ower it to be burned. Grain growing on ground so pre
pared. Ground in which rice, &c. is grown from seed for
the purpose of transplanting.
DAD'H, DUD'H, Thug. A man who is not a Thug.
DADEvA, Karn. (ॐ&०ऽ७) A measure of weight, the fourth
of a mam, or ten sers.
IDADRI, IDU DREE, H. (.9ee) Unripe corn, chiefly barley,
which is cut occasionally, and brought home to be eaten,
without being taken to the threshing-floor.
DADUPANTHi, H. (Jंyole) A follower of the religious sect
of Ditdu, a cotton cleaner of Ahmedabad, in the beginning
of the severfteenth century, who endeavoured to establish a
sort of monotheistical worship.
DAEN, H. (७।'e) Tying a number of bullocks abreast, that
they may tread the corm under their feet and force out the
ear. Also DAON.
DAER, Uriya (०॥१9.) Pending, as a suit.
117
DA
as, DAPHEDAR, Mar. (दफेदार) DAPHEDARIIDU, Tel.
(ॐद्धं)oं७ॐ७) Commandant of a body of horse, head ofa
party of police, a police officer. In Bengal, a person at the
head of a number of persons, whether labourers or Soldiers.
DAFTAR, DU FTU R, H. (P.)ंe) or, ;ph being substituted for
.f; Ben. (मुिक्तः) DAPHTARAs(U, Tel. ( ँ9ंO०)
DAPHTAR, Mar. ( दतर) A record, a register, an account,
an official statement or report, especially of the public re
venue, roll, archives, &c. An office in which public records
are kept ; more correctly, JDaftar-khana.
JDaftar-band, or -bund, H. (P. Aं) A record or office
keeper. Allowance paid to such an officer.
JDaftarddr, Daphtarddr, H., also in Mar. Daphtarnis,
(9'9**०, दप्तरनीस) A record keeper, a registrar, an
accountant. The head native revenue officer on the col
lector’s and sub-collector’s establishments of the Bombay
Presidency. Under the Maratha Government, a district
officer whose duty it was to collect and enter together in
the ledger the accounts of the waste-book as prepared by
the Pharmās, and to transmit monthly and yearly abstracts
to the head of the State. Under the English admini
stration his duties are still more multifarious and respon
sible : and he takes an active part, not only in the record,
but in the settlement of the revenues with the Ryots.
JDaftarddr{, or Daftarnist, (.92PGe) The office of the
JDaftarddr.
Daftar{, Digfturee, H., M. (.9Ge, दपतग्री) A record
keeper, a registrar. In Hindustan it more usually de
notes an inferior office servant, who prepares writing
materials, and arranges the books of the establishment.
JDaftar-khdna, H. (AGe9ंGe) An office in general, a
counting-house, an office of public records.
JDaftar-hharch, {त्तः)*$e) olfice charges.
JDaftar-saranjaimi, H. ( _•्टं”’ eflects) Office charges
an article of disbursement formerly deducted from the
revenue payable by the Zamindar.
IDAG, Ben. (प्ली?) A spot, a stain, a brand. See Dd0h. A
lot or portion of an estate which has been measured, and
of which the measurement is recorded in the order of
time at which it was made.
JD(ig blidura, IBen. (जीजेनi, awry) Aiot or parcel of land
2 H।
 DA
out of its place, not following a preceding one in nu
merical succession.
DAGAR, I)AGRA, IOUGUR, IOUGRA, H. 9*ं , ],ं) A path.
Mar. (डगणं, डग्रा) A steep slope, as of the bank of a
river. A small hill.
DAGDHA, S. (दग्ध:, lit., burned) Applied to a day on which
an inauspicious aspect of the planets may occur, and on
which,therefore, no religious ceremony should be performed.
IDAGDUGi, IDAGDUJi, IDAGI)UG,.or DAGJ)0Jf, Mar. (डागडुगी,
-जी, -डागंडूग, -डोजी) Repairing tanks, buildings, &c.
DAGH, H. (P. gle) the Hindu dialects commonly drop the
aspirate, as IDAG, IBen. (Wri*t) and with the initial op
tionally changed, IDAG or DAG, Mar. (दाग, डाग) A spot,
a stain, a mark made with a hot iron, a brand, especially
Such a mark stamped on the necks of horses belonging
to the Emperor of Hindustan, or maintained forhis service.
Ddijh-ā-tashila, H. The office where the public horses of
the state are mustered and branded.
JDdrogha-ā-ddājhi-tashiha, H., A. The officer who super
intended the branding of the horses for public Service.
DAGHA, DUGIIA, H. (A. 3e) Daaja in most dialects, Ben.
(छा?h) Deceit, fraud, cheating, treachery.
Dadhabd’, H. (];५'3d) in other dialects, Ben., Mar., &c.,
Dagdhdj, A cheat, a deceiver, a Swindler, a rogue.
Dajabdjire-chaldibdr, Uriya. Issuing fraudulently.
DAH, DUH, commonly written DEH, H. (so, from the Pers.
४c), and S. दश्) also with the wowels long, DAHA, or, less
correctly, IDAHA, DUHA, Mar. (दाहा , दहा) The number
ten, forming various derivatives and compounds.
Dahd, H. (७slo) The ten days of the Moharram, during
which public mourning for -1li and his sons is observed
by the Shidh Mohammadans.
Dahak-patti, corruptly, Dehug-puttee, Mar. (दहकपट्टी)
A tax upon hereditary offices, the whole receipts of which,
except the revenues of the rent-free lands attached to them,
might be stopped once in ten years, and carried to public
account, under the Maratha Government.
JDahmarda, Duhmuurdd, H. (leAce, from ४.ु, ten, and exट;-०,
a man) A cart of a moderate siZe, one capable of holding
tem men.
Dahnima, Dahncemce, H. (P. ७*****, from *ं, a half)
Five per cent (Delhi). __
JDahotard, JDullotura, H. (',ं;*e, from ४c), and S. Uttard,
],ं), over) Tythes, an allowance of ten per cent. DAHO
TARA, or DAHoTRA, Mar. (दाहोतर्, दाहोत्रा, from दाहा,
118
IDA
ten) Rate of interest at ten per cent. : allowance on
articles sold of ten on the hundred.
JDahsama, Duhsumee, or De/summee, corruptly, JDuhsemee,
H. ( J*“*e from ४e ten, and cy.५, a year) Relating to
ten years. The title of a book comprising the revenue
accounts of ten years, Such a record, called Dahsan?
kital) was compiled for the Bareilly district in l802,
under the directions of the collector, Showing the occu
pancy of the lands for the previous period of ten years,
so as to verify the title of the holder as Mitlik kadim
and Mālih hdl, the ancient proprietor known in the
Kanungo records, and the more recent or actual occupant.
.Dah-84la, H. (Ad५४.o) Decennial, for ten years. The
decennial, as introductory to the perpetual settlement of
the revenues of Bengal, and therefore applied commonly
to the latter.
JDahyel, De//elं, corruptly, De्/ek, H. (५4-५Pe, from dah,
ten, and 6l, ५4-५', one) An allowamce of ten per cent..
which used to be assigned to the farmer or collector of
the revenue as his profit, and for charges of mamagement,
and to the native collectors or Zamindars for police
charges : abolished by Reg..xiw. l807
DAH, or DAHA, H., and in most dialects, (S. दाह:) Burning,
lit., as with fever or disease : also the burning of dead
bodies.
JDaha-karma, or -harana, or -kri/d, S. (कम्मै, &c., act)
The act or ceremony of burning a dead body.
DAHA, DUHA, IBen. (प्लशl) Brine obtained from saline earth.
Dah4-baldn, Ben. (लशबूलांन) Placing the brine in the
boiler.
DAHAL, DUHUL, H. (Use) A guicksand, a guagmire.
DAHAN, DUHUN, H. (JPo) A gold coin, in value six
rupees.
DAHAND, DUHUND, H. (from the P. participle Dahanda,
४.AJuoo, giving) A good payer, one willing to pay or give.
DAHAR, DUHUR, less correctly, IDEHAR, or DEHUR, H.
(A०G, डहर्) Low lands flooded during the rains, and
yielding, after their drying up, good crops. A road. Ben.
(उग्रश्त) A lane.
IDAIIIA, IDUHIA, H. (५:oo) A field, land near a willage
(Benares, Sagar). A tribe of Jats in the Dehli district,
more properly Dahid, (५:oo),
IDAH IA, Thug. Cry of the hare, an ill omen.
DAHI.AN, DUHI.AN, H. (Jºboo) A tribe of Tugas, in the
Upper Doab.
 DA
DAHLIZ-KHANDALNA, H. (UdA4%Alse, lit., to tread the
threshold) Invitation of the bridegroom to an entertain
ment at the house of the bride's parents, when a delay
intervenes between the betrothment and the marriage, a
custom of the Mohammadans.
DAHR, DAHRi, DUHR, DUHREE, H. (,००, .s,oo) Stiff
clay soil in low grounds. Amarsh or inundated land (Delhi).
DAi, DAEE, H. (.sle, Pers., or from S. धाची, when it is
more correctly written D'HAi) A nurse, a wet-nurse, a
midwife, a female commissioner employed under early
Regulations to interrogate and swear native women of
condition, who could not appear to give evidence in Court.
DAI, Thug. The road.
DAIBA, Ben. (लद्भेिदl) Reaping corn.
DAfJ, Mar. (दाईज, from S. दायाद:) An heir, a kinsman,
one entitled to inherit.
DAi.JA, DwJA, H. (Ge) A dowry or portion which a wife
brings to her husband in marriage, or presents made to
the bridegroom by the parents of the bride, the object
of which in the present day is usually to obtain a hus
band for the daughter of higher rank or tribe.
IDAf MI, H. (.*'e, from Al*, perpetual) Relating to what
is perpetual ; the perpetual settlement of the revenue :
a criminal sentenced to imprisonment for life : also
Daim-ul-hal8.
DAiN, corruptly, JDec्/me, H. (A. ७**) IDebt, either one ac
tually ineurred by borrowing, or, in matters of sale, by
purchasing on credit.
_Dain-dar, H. (P.)le, who has) A debtor.
JDain mudijal, A. (Uईश्-९ uंe) A debt payable on demand.
-Dain-mungaijal, A. (U*;२ Jae) A debt of which payment
is deferred.
DAGN, H. (c'e, दायं) A threshing-floor.
DAiN, H. (७'e) A hamlet or estate, the lands of which
are intermixed with those of another. Dehra Dhttn.
DAfN, Ben. &c. (डाद्दैन, S. दाकिनी) A witch, a female ma
lignant being.
DAIR O SAIR, H. (A. ु५ 9Ple, going aboui) Proceeding
on circuit (judges, &c.).
JDatirah, H. (A. 9'*) A circle, a circular inclosure, &c.
A monastery.
JDdirah-ddr, H. (P. 9'e, who has) The head of an esta
blishment of Mohammadan ascetics.
DAITwA, S. (दैत्य) A demon, a goblin,
DArvA, S. (दैव:, from देव:, a deity) Divine, relating to a
119
IDA
divinity. A form of marriage, the gift of the maiden to
the officiating priest. Fate, destiny.
JDaicala, or Dairajna, S. &c. (दैवक,दैवज्ञ) An astrologer,
a calculator of nativities, and announcer of lucky and un
lucky days, an almanae maker : he is usually a Brāhman ;
but there is also a caste professing the same functions.
DA K, corruptly, IDAwK, H. &c. (Glo, डाक) Mar, also IDASK,
(डांक) Post, post-office, or establishment for the convey
ance of letters and of travellers. Relays of men or
cattle along the road for these purposes.
JD4k-chauk{, H. ( ५*9-) A stage or station where a
relay is posted.
JDal-'्/har, H. &c. 9* ५4-"le) A post-office.
IDARA, H., Ben., Mar. (४lp, डाका) An attack by robbers
especially armed and in a gang. (This and its deriva
tives are also written with the dental d, as fiदह), &c.,
but perhaps incorrectly),
Dahdit, corruptly, Dakoit, Decoit, H. &e. (c~~*le,
डाकाडॆत) A robber, one of a gang of robbers.
Dahditi, or Dakdti, corruptly, Decoity, H., Ben., &e.
(डाकाडॆती, डाकाती) Gang robbery.
Daha, H., Ben., &c. (जीं) A robber, a burglar, a gang
robber or D:ikāft.
DARARA, also DAKAR, DANKRA, DHARAR, H. ('Ald,
_ ',G' ं, As5, डाकरा, ढाकर्) The best or second best
Guality of soil in the Upper Doab and Dehli. In many
places it is considered inferior to the soil termed Itausli,
whilst in others it is regarded as the same.
IDARHAL, IDUKIIUL, H., but used, as well as its derivatives,
in most dialects, with the meanings occasionally modified,
although bearing a relation to the original (A. Us-e,
entrance, as into a house) Taking possession, occupancy,
engaging or meddling in an affair, entering in an account,
and the like. In Mar., Known, familiar to.
Dahhal ndma, H. (P. & ०७) A deed of possession or occu
pancy, a document giving right of occupancy.
DAkhald, incorrectly, JDakhl4, H., Mar. (दाखला) Proof,
evidence, a receipt, a bond, a certificate.
Da;//,ali/, Tel. Karn. (०*999) Examination or com
parison of accounts, records, &e. Pntry in a book. De
livery of money or other article due.
Ddhhil, H. (A. 95-lo) Entrance, taking possession, entry
of an item in a deed or register, a receipt for money,
annexation of lands, inclusion of a minor in a major
parcel of land.
 IDA
JD4khil dahar, H. (AGo U3-le) Entered upon the record,
which is eduivalent to being laid on the table, or post
poned indefinitely ; struck off the judge's or magistrate's
file.
JDdhhil-ddr, or Daikhil-hdr, H. &c. ()४, who makes) An oc
cupant, either in his own right, or as a manager or trustee.
JDakhil-khdrij, or Dakhil-mukhdrij, H. (श्रः93- ejecting)
Entering and ejecting, erasure of an entry, In Bengal,
especially, the remowal of the name of one proprietor and
insertion of that of another, on occasion of a transfer of
the property. Receipts and disbursements, JDakhil
mukhdrij is also applied to fees on the registry of
eStates.
JDdhhil-ndma, H. Warrant or deed of possession, a con
veyance. _ A present, especially one made to a Brāhman on the con
Dakhil, Dukheel, H. (c)A5-e) An occupant.
JDakhil4, H. ()5-le) A receipt for money or goods, pay
ment of revenue, or rent.
JDdhhildhitam, Ben. (लीथिनीदिउ*) Transfer of revenue or
land from one Ryot to another.
Dailihalajpalli, Tel. (Cºaceणं9g) A small willage
within the lands of a larger.
JDdkhilt, sometimes Dakhld, corruptly, JDakhlee and
JDaiklee, incorrectly, JDulthilee, H. (J5-'e) Included,
comprehended : applied especially to villages which have
become included in the revenue list of villages paying
revenue, having branched off from, and being dependent
upon, those on which the assessment was originally
levied ; and which are therefore termed Asali, original,
in opposition to Dailthili, the subordinate or included.
JDdhhili maugd, H. (e3*०) A willage supplementary or
additional. See the last.
Dakhhili nall6ं, H. (A. Asi) An additional or supplemen
tary subordinate willage, or subdivision of a -Maugd.
DAKINf, H., S. (डाकिनी) A female goblin, a witch, or an
old woman so reputed.
DA KoCHA, or DA KoTA, Mar. (दाकोचा or -ता) A man of
mixed caste, professing to descend from a Brithman father
by a cowherd mother : they follow the avocations of fortun6
tellers, almanac-makers, &c.
DAKAUT, I)UKoUT, II. (५-*o, डकौत) A tribe of mendi
cants of Prfihman descent, practising astrology, fortune
telling, and the like. (The word is no doubt the same
as the preceding, vernacularly modified).
DAKSHINA, S. vernacularly, IDA KIIIN, or Du KIIIN, or some
120
DA
times DA KKAN, and DACHHIN, corruptly, IDECCAN,
IDECKHAN, IDEKHIN, &c., H. &c. (७**, S. दक्षिणं) The
south, the south of India, the right-hand, opposed to
the left, whence the vernacular terms, JDdhma, D4/und,
JD6-6m, &c.
JDakship4chdr{, S. (दक्षिणाचारी) One who follows the
observances (fichitras) of the right-hand tribe or caste,
practicers of the purer forms of the ritual, as opposed to
the Wdmdchar{.
Dakshindyama, S. (दक्षिणायन) The sun's southern decli
nation, the six months of his progress from the northern
to the southern limit of the tropics.
DAKSHINA, alsovernacularly, IDAKHINA,DAxINA and DACHH
INA, or DACHHNA, corruptly, IDUCKNEH, S. (दक्षिणा)
clusion of any public ceremonial. Presents to other per
sons are also sometimes so termed. Presents made annu
ally by the Peshwa to the Brahmans at Punft, and continued
as a definite allowance applied partly to them and partly
to the maintenance of the Punf college by the British
Government.
IDAL, H. The letter of the Persian alphabet d, e, formerly
affixed to Zamindftrf and other grants by the head native
revenue officer under the early British administration of
Bengal.
DAL, DUL, H. (JP) Wild rice.
IDAL, IDUL, H. &c. (Je, from S. दल, to divide) A portion,
a part, a body of troops. In Bengal it commonly
designates a club or association of artificers, or, among
the higher classes, a faction, a coterie, into many of which
native society in large towns is split.
JDalda, Dulaee, Uriya (१Rl2ं, from १R, a troop) A
subordinate officer in command of Paiks.
JDalbeherd, Uriya (GPG9G६9२l) The chief or head of
the Gwala and other castes. An officer in command of
Paiks, the hereditary militia and police of Cuttack.
Under the former system, a military or feudal chief
holding lands, most usually in the hills, on the tenure of
military Service.
JDaliodrं, Mar. (दलवारी) The officer in command of the
local militia, or Scisanradis.
DAL, IDUL, Thug. A weight.
IDAL, corruptly, IDoL, H. &c. (Je, from S. दल, to divide)
A kind of pulse (Phareolus aureus), but applied to other
kinds, the pea of which, especially when converted into a
 DAL
sort of coarse pease soup, enters largely into the food of
the natives.
DAL, H. &c. (Jlp, डाल, from H. dalna, to throw) A
bough : a basket used to throw up water from a pond or
canal for irrigation.
DALA, H. (Alle) A particular tenure in the Doab. See
JDhdila.
DALAL, H. (U}e) A tribe of Jats in the Rohtak Zila.
A broker, but in this sense more correctly Dalldl, ५. w.
DALAMBU, Tam. (ंठ6rrtal-) A flood-gate, a sluice.
DALAR, or DALAR KHAN, Thug. A name pronounced to put
the party on their guard, or uttered by the leader as a sig
nal for the stranglers to be ready.
DAI.AwA, Mal. (०3).o- 2) One of the ministers of state in
Trawancore.
DALAwAI, Karn. ( ँञ्ळ०००, from ॐ१ , an army) The
commander-in-chief and hence, also, the prime minister
under the Hindu rulers of Mysore.
DALDAL, or DALDALI, DULDUL, DULDULEE, H. (JeJe) A
Guagmire, a guicksand, a sandy swamp, a marshy soil.
DALoANJANA, H. (U***) A kind of rice.
DALBARA, H. ()५Je) A grain seller.
DALf, H. &c. (७"e, डाली) A tray, or a couple of trays,
fastened by slings to each end of a pole, carried over the
shoulders. Such an apparatus is used especially to carry
complimentary presents of fruit, sugar, Spices, fish, &c.,
on festive occasions, whence it has come to specify the
presents So offered. Such complimentary enwoys from
natives to Europeans were formerly freduent, but those in
the Company's service are now forbidden to accept them.
DALIA, H. (५Je) Any sortofsplitpulse ground finer than Dal.
DALIAJHAR, H. ७५-५Je) The conclusion of the sowing
season : lit., the brushing out of the sowing basket.
DALi L, H. (A. ५)ंle, plur. c५Je) Argument in pleading,
proof, evidence. Precedent, example. A voucher.
JDaldlat, H. (A. ५-!}e) Proof evidence. Argument.
DALiMA, H. (UAJe) A class of Tugas in Moradabad.
DALKAR, DULKUR, Uriya (१RG9x) Rent for pasturage.
DALLAL, DULLAL,_sometimes with.one l, IDALAL, corruptly,
DELLoL, H. (Je, from the A. Jo, to point out) DALAL,
Ben. (ग्रीन्लiल) An agent between buyer and seller, a broker,
a salesman.
Dall4li, or Dal4li, H. (Je) Brokerage, agency, com
mission. A tax upon brokers.
JDalldli-paradesi, H. (.****: a stranger) Brokerage or
12H
IDAM
ageney for strangers or pilgrims (paradesis) at Benares : for
permission to act in which capacity a fee was formerly paid
to Government.
DALLAR, DULLU R, Thug. The head.
DALऐंA, Uriya, DA.UvA, or DAI.wA, Tel. (C”१०य्) Light
crops ofrice grown in the dry hot weather in moist situa
tions, commonly called the black crop (Northern Circars
and Cuttack).
DAM, corruptly DAUM, H. (,lo)A coin, originally a copper
coin, but adopted as money of account. In the reign of
Akbar, 40 ddms were reckoned to a rupee ; in that of
Alemgir, 4(ंd; at later periods, 80 and 90 are the pro
portionate rates, which appear to have been liable to great
fluctuation. By the common people in the upper pro
vinces 2ं ddms are calculated to a paisa.-Elliot.
DAM, H. (P. Alo) Price ; Mar. (दाम) Money, cash.
DAMAD, H. &c. (S. e५०le) A daughter’s husband.
DAMAi, IDUMAEE, H. (*०e) Amount ofassessment. (From
ddm, the money of account.
IDAMANGf R, H. (७~'e, lit., a skirt of a garment, and gir,
*ः who holds) A complainant, a plaintift; one who sues
for justice.
I}AMAR, incorrectly, IDAMMAR, H. ७~'o) Resin, pitch,
especially the resinous extract of the Sāl tree used as pitch.
DAMAsAHi, H. (Jº५.५.lo) DAMAsAi, Mar. (दामाशाई) DA
MAsHAl, Tel. (CंUT”~ग१०Go) EGuitable partition of
the effects of an insolvent amongst his creditors : hence,
any just proportionate distribution. (The word is said
to be derived from a proper name, one Damasttll, who, be
coming insolvent, distributed all his property in just
proportions amongst those to whom he was indebted),
IDAMCHA, H. (ं’'o) A platform on which a person is sta
tioned to protect crops: a boundary mark.
DAMDUPAT, Mar. (दामदुपट, from दाम, and dupat, doubled)
Principal of a debt doubled by accumulated interest.
DAMI, H. (c*•le, from ddm, price) An assessment.
JDdm? bi/hi, H. (५9५) The assessment of the lands of a
willage per bighā _
JDami-ndsilat, H. (A. ५-''~';) Gross assets ofa village.
DAstiAT, A.(५-श्-००) A slight wound, a seratch causing blood
to appear, but not to flow ः in Mohammadan law.
JDdmiat, A. (ं--'e) In Mohammadan law, A slight
wound, a scratch, but.causing blood to flow.
DAMKA, DUMKA, H. (K०o) A hillock (East Oudh).
IDAM-MADAR, DUM-MUDAR, H. 9o-pe) A ceremony ob
2 I
 DAN DAN

served by the peasantry of Upper India in honour of
a Mohammadan saint named Madātr, who is beliewed to
have lived four centuries, hawing the faculty of retaining
his breath (dam or dum). The ceremony consists in
jumping into a fire of wood and treading it out, ex
DANA, H. (AGle) Grain, corn.
JDanabandi, Ddhabundee, H. (.४Aंole) Cursory survey
or a partial measurement of a field, or weighment of the
crop, to ascertain the value of the crop, and the amount
of the assessment.

claiming, Dam-madar-by the breath of Madār. It is JDdmabamdā-kamktiti, H. (Jं;** ) Assessment of the re

supposed to be a preservative against the effects of snake venue without measurement, upon a partial valuation of
or scorpion bites. the standing crops.
IDAM MIDHI, Tel. (ॐ२ं(?) A guarter of a dab-five has. Danaddr, H. O'e ंle) Apportionment of revenue, or any
DAM M U, Tel. (ॐं) Mud, miry ground, land prepared other contributions, according to the actual produce
for receiving young rice plants. (Benares).
JDampakarru, Tel. (ॐ००ं) The ploughshare used in IDANA, IDUNU, Karn. (ॐ७, S. dhama, धनं, wealth) Cattle,
the tillage of wet ground. domestic cattle : also wealth. A corruption of Dhan, g. v.
DAyrpArf, S. (दम्पती) Husband and wife. JDama//a, Karn. (ॐ७x) A shepherd, a cowherd.
Dampat; tambula, Karn. Betel-leaf and areka-nut pre JDama//doi, Karn. (ॐऽ7त्ळ२) A herdsman.
sented at marriages by the bride and bridegroom to each JDamadahatti, Karn. (ॐऽॐ४०&3) A cattle-fold.
married couple present. JDamamdr, Karn. (ॐऽCoव्6) A tax on the transfer of
DAMRi, IDUM REE, H. (.9xe) A nominal coin, of the value cattle from one Ryot to another.
of 8ं Or * ddms, or from 8 to l2 laumris. Any money DAND, or DANDA, DUNI), DUN )A, S. (दण्ड:) and in most
of very small value. It is also applied in the Dehli ter dialects, as Ben. (ल७) Mar. (दण्ड:) Tel. (ॐ०ॐ ँoo)
ritory to subdivisions of land, one dam ं being egual to &c. In Hindustani, and occasionally in other dialects also,
25 Kacha bi/htts. the initial is written either with the dental or cerebral d,
DAMRi, IBen. (लिभिर्जी) In retail dealing, five gandas of and the following vowel is optionally made long, DAND,
haumris. or DANp, (OGle, Gly) also Ben. (जी*ज्) Pumishment, of
DAyrwAST, DUMwUST, H. (c“~५x०e) An inferior tribe of two kinds-personal, Sar{ra-danda ; or pecuniary, Artha
Rājputs in the Benares district. danda : also a fine, a mulct: and, in Ajmer, a propor
IDANA, wernacularly, IDAN, S. &c. (७'-', S. ddnam, Lat. do tionate share of the revenue formerly levied on the
nam, दानं) Gift, giving a gift, a gift by will, a beguest. wealthier cultivators to make good any deficit in that due
Dainadharma, S. (दानधम्मै:) The virtue of liberality. from the poorer.
Giving for pious and charitable purposes, alms-giving, JDanda dasa, S. (from दास, a slave) A slave, one who is
building or endowing temples, digging tanks, &c. condemned to servitude as a punishment.
Ddnamdras/aha, S. (from अवश्यं, certainty) An imperative -Danda pdlaka, S. (from पालक:, who protects) A magis
gift, as gifts to Brahmans on certain days, as full moon, &c. trate, the head of the police.
Dampatr, H., or D(tnapatra, S. (दानपचं, from patrd, Danda pdrus//a, S. (दण्डपारूप्य, from danda, punishment,
पत्र, a leaf) A deed of gift, a grant, an assignment of and pdrushyam, violence) Assault and battery.
land, especially to Brithmans. JDandi/a, or Danduja, Tel. (ॐctं७x, ॐ०ॐ७x) A fine, an
JDainapditra, S. (from पार्च, a vessel) One deserving of, or exorbitant assessment, any extortionate demand.
fit for, a gift : one to whom by law property may be DANDA, DAND, or IDANI), S. &c. (दण्ड) H. (Ge, Or 3Gl3, the

conveyed. final sometimes pronounced like r, as DANं) A stick, a

Dampatrddr, or Ddndpatraddr, H. One who holds a
grant, or deed of gift : a grantee of the Brfthman caste
to whom lands have been assigned for religious purposes.
Dainf, H. S. (दानी) A giver, a donor : applied also to a
gratuity to the willage accountant, at the rate of six
paisas on each rupee of the revenue (Etawa).
122
staff a rod, a cane carried by certain mendicants, an oar :
a measure of length, a rod or pole of four or six cubits :
a measure of time-twenty-four minutes.
• Dai da /rahana, S. &c. (दण्डग्रहण) Taking the staff, em
tering upon a religious or mendicant course of life.
JDaada-2ani, H. (from P. 2am, ७ु’ striking) A mode of tor
 IDAN
ture-fastening a man's hands behind him with a cord, DANDA, IDUNDA, DANDI, or DANDI, DUNDEE, DANDBE,
which is twisted round by means of a stick until the |
tension produces excessive pain.
JDandaincat, H. (S. ५-'ं-', दण्डावत्) Prostration, lying | JDaiºdd, or, Dandia, H. (le:Ge, ५5Ge) A collector of
flat like a stick on the ground.
JDandi, S. &c, (दण्डी) Amy one who bears a staff applied
especially to a numerous order of religious mendicants,
founded by Sankara Acharya, many of whom have been
eminent as writers on various Subjects, especially on the
Vedanta philosophy. They are divided into ten classes,
each of which is distinguished by a peculiar name ; as,
Tirtha, 48rama, Wana, Aranya, Sarasicati, Pari, IBh4
ratā, Girf or Gir, Pairgata, and Sagara, which is added
to the proper name of the individual, as Purushottama
Gir, or Bodhendra Sarasicati. They are hence known
collectively as the Da8-ndmं, or ten-name Gosains. Of
these, only the classes named Tirtha, 4:rama, Sarasroati,
and part of IBhdrati, are now considered as pure Dandis :
the others are of a more Secular character, and are more
usually termed Attts.
-24adi, H. &c. (.35ंle, डांडी) A boatman, a rower.
JDandiddr, H. 9'Aंe) An inferior servant or officer in
an opium agency.
JDandiyd, Mar. (दंडिया) A petty officer in a baZar, a
beadle.
JDandyd, Tel. (ॐ०८्8)A police officer, a peon.
JDandio, GuZ. (st४tofu) A watchman who goes the
rounds at might beating a drum.
DASp, DAsp, or DANDA, H. (Glo, dle, EGl5, डॉड, दडि,
डॉडा) High ground, opposed to DABAR, ५. v. Sterile
land, of the kind called IBlutir, land in which sand pre
dominates. Elevated land of the sort called Datmat.
DAND, or DANpA, H. &c. ('OGo) Raised ground forming a
ridge or causeway, a path for cattle, or a boundary be
tween fields, also a landmark ; from amalogy, perhaps, to
a straight line or stick.
Daadd-mendd, H. ('AGA-० le:Go) The boundary between
two estates, or the lands of two villages. (Either from
daad, a stick or pole set up as a landmark, or a boundary
or raised bank, and mead, a limit.
JDanda-meada takrdr, H. (9' ं, a ५uarrel) A boundary
Guarrel.
Dandasul, Tel. (ॐ००*Coco) Village watchers’ (? from
dandd, a boundary).
Dandudsi, Uriya (६gjथ॥ी) A watchman.
12:B
DAN
_
H. (l3Ge, .sºje, .35ale) DASpf, Ben. (जी*जी) The
beam of a balance. (From S. dailda, a stick),
market dues.
Dagdi, or, Dandia, H. (.४ं\Ge) A weighman.
JDdadiddr, Ben. (जi*जैीमोह) A weighman.
DANDA, DUNDA, H. &c. (S. दण्ड:) A measure of time,
edual to twenty-four minutes : a sixteenth part of the day
and night.
N.B.- In this, and all the preceding forms of what is
originally but one word, viZ. S. Danda or Dunda, great
confusion has been made in the vernacular languages by
the irregular and arbitrary alteration of the first syllable ;
in the optional substitution of the cerebral for the dental
d, ड for द, and the elongation of the vowel : so that we
have in some instances four different forms, or द, da ;
दा, d6 ; ड, da ; and डा, dd.
DANDARATrU, Tel. (ॐ०6ं) A wisp of straw bound
round the bottom of a heap of grain. Area within which
the corn is threshed.
DANDi, Hindi (.*ंle, दंडी) A dry, hard soil that does not
retain moisture, and dries Guickly when irrigated : a
gravelly soil on high ground.
IDANDtं, Thug. Braying of an ass (Dakhini).
DASprkALA, Karn. (००००००, from ॐ००, abundan)
Harvest time.
JDandibele, Karn. (ॐ००ॐं) A plentiful crop.
IDANI)wARA, H. (9';ं) A south wind.
IDANG, DUNG, Mar. (डंग) A thicket, a place overrun with
bushes.
DANG, H. (e-Gle) A hill, a precipice, the top of a moun
tain, the high bank of a river. Corrupted provincially
into JDhding/ and JDhdyang/.
IDANG, Mar. (डांग) An ascent, or rising part of a road.
A name given in the IDakhin to a tract of country along,
near to, or below, the Ghats ; and which, although not
mountainous, is so much interspersed with hills as to
have no extent of level ground : it is generally overrun
with low thicket. Also forest or jangal land.
JDain//ं, Mar. A forester, an inhabitant of a low, hilly, and
jangali tract. In the IDakhin a tribe of Rājputs inhabit
ing the woody districts of Eastern Malwa.
JDdnji-7aom, Mar. (गांव) A village in the Oding, or low
hills at the foot of the Ghats.
 DAN
DANG, H. (P..e_ंle) A weight, the fourth part of a dram.
DANGA, Ben. (Gi**h) Dry land, upland, ascent.
DANGA, H. &c. (UGe) DANGA, Ben. (ली*१n) A riot, a
disturbance, a tumult, an affray.
IDANGA, Karn. (ॐ०7त्व् ) Dunning for payment, sitting
JDharma, g. w.
I)ANGAR, DANGAR, DUNGUR, DANGUR, H. 9ं, AGlp,
ईगण) Horned cattle, especially those belonging to a
willage. Sometimes applied only to such as are worn out.
DANGAST, DUNGUST, H. (c~~.Ge) A class of Rajputs in
GhaZipur.
DANGI, H. (, .Gle) A name given to the Bundelas (Sāgar),
DANGf, Mar. (ईगी) A basket or baskets slung to a pole
carried ower the shoulders: the Bahangi, g. w., of Hin
dustan.
IDANGORA, Mar. (डगिोरा) A proclamation, notice by the
public crier. DANGARA, Karn. (ॐ०AG) Proclamation
by beat of drum.
DANGwARA, DUNGwARA, H. (9}}ं5) Reciprocal assistance
in tillage (Dehli),
DANKA, Tel. (ॐ०s) A path between two fields for
cattle. _
DANT, Hindi (दति) Hard, dry soil, not retaining moisture.
DANT. H. &c. (e-ile) S. दन्त:) A tooth.
JDant-Ghumghmi, H. (from पुंघनी, a preparation of wheat
and pulse with sugar) or, Dant-nihalna, H. (from uxlं,
to go forth, to appear) A ceremony observed by the Mo
hammadans on the appearance of the child's first tooth.
IDANTE, or DANTf, Tel. (ॐ०ॐ, ॐcछै) A kind of rake or
hoe. (Probably from damta, a tooth).
DANTAN, Ben. (७i*छन्t) Threatening a person, putting him
in bodily fear.
IDANTAOLI, H. (.}}ंe) A harrow or rake. (From दन्त,
a tooth).
DANTP, H. (._ं'e) A sickle.
DANT-TINKA,H. (KG e-ºlo) Taking a straw or blade of
grass in the mouth to deprecate anger or express sub
ITh1SSIOn.
DANTH, H. (*ं\5) Refuse of harvest-floors, especially of
the kharif produce.
_Danthal, Dunthul, or Danthla, Dunthla, H. (Uंio,
}ंio) The bare stalks or stubble of bājra, jawftr, and
Indian corn : either the stems after the heads have been
cut of or the roots left in the ground after reaping.
The refuse of harvest-floors, especially of the kharif crops.
124
DAR
DANTH I, Thug. Noise of jackals fighting-a bad omen.
DANwAN, H. (J';lo, from S. दाव) Burning stubble, or
fire in a forest.
IDANwARf, H. ( ८.9;le) The rope by which the bullocks
are tied together when treading out the corn. See DAURI.
DAo, H. (,lo) A hatchet or cleaver with a bent point.
DAPANi, Uriya (०9॥१) Brine.
IDAPHAET, DAFAT, Uriya (०9'|१६) , from the A. &श्ge , a
turn or time) Pay in addition to the rent for privileges
attaching to the land, as right of fishing, &c.
JDaphdite:jamd, Karn. (ॐंaठैa४०ऽ०, from the A. &ंGo ,
and jamd, collection) Extra or miscellaneous collections
(Mysore).
JDaphdite hharcha, Karn. (ॐंश्aटै:oं०तः, from the A. as
before) Extra or sundry disbursements (Mysore).
IDAPHEDAR, Uriya (०Gघr०6.) Land of second guality.
DAPHERAPHE, Mar. (दफेरफे, A. go and g) Clearance of
a debt, settlement of any business.
DAPITA, S. &c. (दापित) Fined, sentenced to pay a fine or
। compensation.
JD(ipya, S. &c. Punishable by fine, liable topay compensation.
IDAPNi, IDahkini Thug. A dagger.
DAPPU, Tam. (L-ITLL) A list, a schedule, an inventory.
IDAR, DUR, H. (P. )o) In, within.
JDar-dmad, Duramud, H. (A.),e) An account of fees
paid for serving a process, the return of a process : lit-,
coming in.
Darbandi, H. (..ogo) An item in the willage accounts,
statement of proportionate rates of rewenue payment.
JDar-bast, or, Dar-0-bast, Dur-bust, Dur-0-bust, H. (P.
५~~“ं99) Entire, whole. The whole of a district or
estate, as opposed to a kismat, or portion of it.
JDar-bast-i-aima, H. Grant of the whole of the lands, con
stituting a rent-free estate.
JDar- (Dur-) hamodila, H. (from )", in or Sub, and A.
All)-, charge) Sub-tenure, holding a farm on lease from
a farmer or lessee.
JDar-ijdra, H. (P. A. 9५-l _ye) A sub-lease or farm.
Dar-in-ncilld, H. (P. A. }}JP)e, lit, in this proximity) A
phrase heading official papers in some of the Courts in
the south of India, implying, In this case, or, At this time,
By these presents.
JDar-mustdjar, H. (P. L#-U.~७o, from musttijar, a tenant)
A sub-lessee, or tenant holding of a farmer, not of the
Zamaind4r.
 IDAR DAR

Dardbasta lakhala,Tel. (ॐC*४० &वं_eo, plur) All the DAi:A, or, DApA, incorrectly, IDURRAH, Mar. (दडा) Abody
accounts of a district, &c. or company of Pindaris.
-Dar-pattami, or commonly, JDurputmee, Ben. (विश्रडुनि) DARAp, Mar. (दण्ड) Asteep slope, a high bank.
A subordinate or Sub-leasehold tenure. DARAR or DARK, DURU k or DURK, Mar. (दर्के, दरक) A
JDar-pattani-ddr, Ben. (ततश्रङ्कुनिनोक्तः) The holder of a hereditary public office, as that of Pharmacis, Chitnis, &c.
lease from a leaseholder, a sub-lessee. JDarak-ddr, Mar. (दरकदाण) A hereditary public officer,
79ar-pattani-taluk, Ben. (तश्रडुनिजांनूक्ष) An estate held or functionary. The term was applied under the Maratha
under a sub-lease. See Patni or Pattami. government especially to eight offices:-l. The Kdrbdri,
DAR, IDUR, H. &c. 9e, दण) Rate, price, a number or JMukhtiydr, or Dincdn, the chief financial minister.
Guantity fixed as a standard, an allowance. 2. IIMajmaddr, auditor and accountant. B. Pharmacis,
JDarbamdं, Durbumdee, H. (.s.७५!ye) A statement of the his deputy. 4. Sabnis or Daftarddr, clerk. छ. Kar
different rates of a village. Assessing the price or walue kdmās, (?) Commissary. 0. Chitnis, Secretary. 7. Ja
of crops or produce. Fixing the value or price of any १maddr, an officer in charge of all valuables, except cash.
thing according to a standard. 8. Potnās, cashier. The term was also applied to all the
JDarjasti, Karn. ( ँॐaउळ)3).) An extra assessment, by JK4rkums, or officers of account, who were paid by fees from
making the cultivators buy the Government share of the the willagers, in addition to their Salaries, but who were
crop at a rate above the market price. appointed and removed only by the supreme gowernment,
JDarterrot, (?) Mar. Fixing of rates, revision of assessment. not by the district officers.
IDAR, H. (P.)le, from ७*'-', to have or hold) One who has, Darak-patt{, Mar. (दरकपट्टी) A tax upon public functio
holds, possesses, &c. : used in compounds with the object naries: a fee levied from them, especially a taxof one year’s
held or possessed, as, Chob-ddr, a mace-bearer ; Zammin revenue in ten on the lands of the Desmukh and De:pdrade.
ddr, a lamdholder ; and the like. Also in Marathf, DARANAM U, or D'HARANAMU, Tel. (ॐॐध्२ ँoo, ॐॐ६२ ँoo)
Solvent, having funds, as opposed to , Ndddr, hawing An imaginary coin, of the value of two fanams.
nothing, insolvent. DARBAR, IDURBAR, H. &c. (999) A Court, a royal court, an
Ddj' ं, H. (P. ५9'e) The act or function of a possessor or audience or lewee.
holder, as Zamindari, the condition of a Zamindār, an Dar0%)-charaniyd, IBen. (लिङ्गदोह प्रजनिषl) A plaintifi, or
estate. complainant.
JDdrmadd?”, H. 9'A-9le) An agreement, a stipulation. Darbar-liharch, H. &c. (हः,- J५)e) Political and diplo
Adjustment of a dispute (holding or not holding). matic expenditure, court charges, charge for presents and
IDAR, DUR, H. (P. ye) A door. gratuities made to princes and public functionaries, bribes,
JDarmudm, H. (P. ७'999) JDarbdn, IBen. (प्तद्वदरीन) A &c. In many places under the old r60ime, an addition
doorkeeper, a porter. made to the assessment by gowernment officers or the
IDAR, H. (A. _)'e) A house, a mansion, one with various Zamindars, on the plea of providing for gratuities ex
rooms or tenements and an open court. Used in com acted by their superiors or the State on their payment of
position, it implies a place where any public work is car the rewenue.

ried on, as, Ddr-ul-2arab, the house of striking 'coin,’
the mint ; Dar-ul-inshd, the secretary's office, or house
of letters ; Ddr-us-shgfa, the house of healing, an hospi
tal ; or the residence of a prince, as, JDair-al-khil4fat, the
residence of the khalif; JDair-us-sultamat, the dwelling of
the Sultan-titles given to any royal capital or metropolis.
JDdr-ul-harb, A. (-)~''e) A country under a Govern
ment that is not Mohammadan : lit., the seat of hostility
DARES, H. (U~४)e, दरेस) A road. Margin. Any line
very straight. (Supposed to have been adopted from the
English military term "dress.”)
IDARGAH, IDURGAH, H. (P. ४७e) A royal court. In India
it is more usually applied to a Mohammadan Shrine, or
the tomb of some reputed holy person, and the object of
worship and pilgrimage.
IDARHOT, H. (५-2;=,e) Advance.

or war, infidels at all times being legitimate objects of DARi, Hindi, &c. (दरी) A cave, a cavern, a natural or
attack. artificial excawation, a dell, a hollow.
125 2 K
 DAR,
IDARIA-BAR-AMAD, H. (P.५,e, a river, and o-•TA, what
comes up) Alluwial soil, land gained from a river.
7Oari4-burd, or -shikast, Durya-boord, or -shikust, H.
(from P. 99, and burdan, c)9:, to bear, or shilastan,
५.~.ॐ, to break) Lands carried away by the encroach
ments of a river.
DARfBA, Hindi (दणीबा) A stall in a market where betel is
sold.
DARIDR-KHEDNA, H. (UA4%)eyle, from S. दारिद्रं, poverty,
and khednd, to chase, from S. स्राखेट) IDriving out po
verty : a custom observed on the morning of the JDiicali,
when a sieve or winnowing basket is beaten in each
corner of the house, or the dirt in each place is swept
with a brush, and carried away in a basket, with the
exclamation, 7xrrar paithaa, Dairidr miklo, May God*
be present ! Powerty depart!' or some eguivalent prayer.
-Elliot.
IDARK, or, allowably, IDARAK, incorrectly, IDIRK, A. (C-%3,
or ५- %6) Conseduence of any act or thing. In law,
a contingency, a possible event.
Kafil-bil-dark, A. (--%A५ u)Aं) A surety or bail against
what may happen, liability for contingencies.
IDARKHAL, H. (J५%e) A cattle enclosure (Benares).
DARKHAST, corruptly, D'HURKAST, H. (P. ५~~'*)e)
and Karn. (ॐ63oठ:०.) DARKHAs, GuZ. (९२`*tt&t)
IDARAKHASA, Mal. (3(o6-10COO) A contract, a tender: a
representation, an application, a petition, In judicial
proceedings, an application which is reguired to be made
for the admission of each exhibit in a suit, and for the |
Summoning of each witness. In rewenue matters, the
representation of the proprietor of an estate as to the
amount of revenue he is able to pay ; or a proposal for
renting or farming an estate, or any branch of the public
revenue ; or the engagement entered into by the Lam
bardārs to be responsible for a stipulated amount of re
venue payment for a given time.
JDarkhdist-ā-hhdrij, H. (ह्)७- , exclusion) A petition of
exclusion. In Bengal, a petition to the collector for the
exclusion of the name of a proprietor, whose interest has
lapsed by death or Sale, and the insertion of that of
another in the public books.
JDarkhds-haramci, GuZ. (९२.v५t&t%२०{l) Making a motion । DABA, DURA, corruptly, IDURRAH, Mar. (दडा, properly DApA,
in a court of law.
IDARMA, IBen. &e, S. (लिङ्गभl) A sort of long grass, much
used for making mats (Arundo bengalensis). A mat,
126
1DAR
four or five feet long by three or four wide, much used
in Bengal to make fences and walls to native huts.
DARMAHA, DURMAHA, or -MAHI, H. &c. (५०५७e, Or। ..*9-',
from P. Iye, in, and ४५०, a month) Monthly pay or wages.
DARoCHA, H. (&399-') in some of the Hindu dialects it is
written with the simple g, and with • either a long or
short wowel in the first syllable, as, DAROGA, Tel.
ट्ठ-Aग्”) Mar. DARodA, or DARoGA, (दरोगा, दारोगm)
The chief native officer in various departments under the
native Government, a superintendant, a manager ; but
in later times he is especially the head of a police,
custom, or excise station. In the IDakhin, also, the
officer employed to prewent the remowal of the crops before
the payment or assessment of the Government demand.
A tax originally imposed to meet the expense of employ
ing a IDitrogha, and afterwards brought to credit as an
_
item of public revenne.
D4rogha--Aidalat, H. Under the native system, a judge
or deputy presiding over a court in the absence of a
superior of high rank; as, the Darodha-ā-Adalat-a!
-flia, the deputy of the NitZim in the Supreme Criminal
Court of Bengal ; Darogha-ā-1dalat-Dirdhi, the de
puty of the Diwan in the Civil Court.
Tel. JDarogha-ā-drg-inukarrar, H. 9L*२ C3,e) An officer under
the Mohammadan Government, whose office it was to draw
up an abstract of papers which reguired the royal assent, and
present them for confirmation and signature. He was espe
cially charged with the superintendence of the assign
ments to the IMamsabdars, for the horse they maintained.
JDdrojhagi, H. ( ५**:9le) The function, charge, or juris
diction of a Datro//ha.
Ddroglidna, H. (४' ं99le) The pay or fees of a Darogha.
Taxes levied for the payment of IDāroghas under the .
Mohammadan Government.
JDarojagiri, Karn. ( ँ५०x?\०) Office of a IDarogha, su
perintendence, headship.
JDarogatama, Karn. (ॐडॆ /०xठं,७) Superintendence, in
spectorship, duty of a Ditrogha.
DARog H, or, more correctly, IDARUGH, H. (P. 8x)e) A lie.
Darogh, or Darālā-halfi, H. ( ..*- 8;)e, from A., ha!f
an oath) Perjury, false swearing.
but the cerebral d is sounded like r) A body of Pind:tris.
DARRA, DURRA, H. (sºe) DARA, IDURA, Mar. (दप्ा) A
hollow among hills, a ravine, a defile, a pass.
 DAS
DAR8A, S. (दशै:) Sight, seeing. The day of new moon, when ||
it rises invisible. A sacrifice with fire on that day, per
formed by householders, who maintain a perpetual fire.
Also Darsa-ydda, from /d0a, a sacrifice.
-Darsapauritamdisa, S. (दशॆपीर्णेमासं) Sacrifices or oblations
with fire, performed at the new and full moon by house
holders, who maintain a perpetual fire.
DAR5ANA, vernacularly, JDarsam, H. (७”99. S. दशैनं) See
ing : especially wisiting temples, and seeing or reverencing
idols. A school or System of speculative doctrine, of which
six are recognised by the Hindus t-l. Patrod mimdnsd,
treating of the purport of the ceremonies of the Wedas.
2. Uttara mimadmsd, or Weddnta, inculcating umity ofspirit
and matter. B. Stinklya, dualistic, teaching the distinctness
of soul and matter. 4. Pdtanjala, teaching the practice
of abstraction, or Hoga. छ. and 6. Logic or dialectics in two
parts : the N?/diya, as taught by Gotama, and Wai8eshilta,
founded by JKandda.
Darsana-pratibha, S. (दशैनप्रतिभूः) Bail or security for
appearance.
DARsAR, (?) H. IDistribution of the Government revenue
amongst the several MauZis of a Pargana (Garhwal).
Corrupted strangely to Dirroa.
DARU, H. &c. (,9le) Spirituous liguor, Gunpowder.
JDairu-kalali, Mar. (दारूकलाली, from kaldl, a distiller) A
tax or excise upon distilleries and liguor-shops.
Diru-sisd, H. &c. (५.५~' ;9'e) Military stores, ammu
nition ; lit., powder and lead.
DAnuvU, Tel. (ं9ं७) An embankment for irrigation.
A mound on the bank of a river from which to raise
water in buckets. A well.
DARwADA, incorrectly, IDARor)A, Mar. (दरवडा) A gang of
robbers. An attack on a village by Such a gang.
IDARwESH, or DARwESH, corruptly, IDIRWESH, and DERWISE,
H. (P. U*५)e) A Mohammadan religious mendicant ;
in many instances a mere vagabond and stroller, occa
sionally leading about bears and monkeys, but in some
cases persons leading a religious life, either independently,
or enrolled in different orders.
DARwAFT, H. (P. ५-*५,e) IDARIWAPHAT, or DARIWAPHTi,
Mar. (दयिाफत, दयिाप्ती, also दयॆाप्त, &c.) DARIvAPTU,
Tel. (ॐ००ऽष्टंO) inguity, investigation, detection.
IDARZI, DURZEE, vernacularly, IDARJI, DURJBE, H. (P.
५.999) A tailor.
DA5, DUS, H. DAsA, S. (दश or दश, Lat. decem) Ten.
127
IDAS
|
JDasabhandamu, Tel. ( ँ० ँ99) A deduction orone
| tenth of the revenue, on account of compensation for some
public work, as the construction of a tank, &c.
JDasaha, Mar. &c. (S. दशाहं) A period of ten days. The
period of impurity from the death of a relative.
JDasahard, or vernacularly, JDashard, written incorrectly,
JDasard, and corruptly, JDusrah, Daselura, Daserru,
JDussarat, Dusserat, Dussora, &c. H. ('x“-) Mar.
(दसरा) S.(दशहरा, from दश, ten, i.e. sins, and हर्, what re
moves or expiates) A popular festival in honour of the
goddess Durgft. In Bengal it is exclusively appropri
ated to her worship, and is celebrated for nine days in
Aswin-September, October. In the west and south of
India it is a military festival held at the same season,
which, being the close of the rains, is the commencement
of the period for military operations. It is said to have
originated with Itdnua's worship of Du?'gd, on his in
vasion of Lamhd, by which he secured victory ; hence the
tenth of Aswin is also called the Wijaya dasami, or tenth
of wictory. The original festival, however, appears to have
had no relation whatever to JDurgd, being held on the tenth
of.//eshtha, in honour of Ganga's descent from heaven.
Dasain{, H. S. (दशमी) The tenth lumar day of the fort
night.
JDashara-bakra, H. (A. 9*३) Goats or sheep lewied from
a willage in some parts of India as an offering to Durgft
at the Dasharā.
JDashara kharch, H. (A. श्लं-) Expenses of the IDasharft
festival. A cess levied on that pretext by a Zamindar.
JDashard.jhanda patt{, Mar. (मेडा, a flag, and पट्टी, a tax)
Tax upon hoisting flags at the Dasharit.
Dashard patti, Mar. (पट्टी, a tax) The instalment of the
public revenue, which is lewied at the Dashari. A .
portion of the allowance granted to temples under the
Maratha Government, set apart for the IDasharf festival.
JDasigdmi, H. S. (नाम, a name) One of the ten-named
order of ascetics. See Dandi.
Dasotara, Dasotra, H. (9~e) Ten per cent.
JDasrat-panchrdit, Mar. (रात, for राचि, night, with दश, ten,
and पंच, five) An ordeal or, test of evidence : if a per
son's children or cattle should die within a few days after
preferring a plaint, or giving evidence, it shewed that his
case was bad, or testimony false.
-Das-8dla, H. (Jँe) Decennial, decennial settlement.
JDa8atrd, H. (दशचा) Ten per cent. A tenth part. The
 DAS
tenth of the value of property litigated exacted from the
Successful parties under the Mohammadan system.
JDasngdndं, H. (U';५e) A tenth. Addition of a tenth to
the rewenue, as made in Bidnur in l72B.
IDASA, vernacularly, IDAs, corruptly, IDoss, H. S. (दास:,
fem. IDAsi, दासी) A slave. Fifteen kinds of slaves are
recognised by Hindu law :-I• Grihdjata, one born in
the house of the owner by a female slave. 2. K?’?ta,
one purchased. 8. Labdha, one acguired, as by gift.
4. Ddyddupdjata, inherited. 5. Amakalabhrita, taken
as a slave in a time of famine, for Support. 6. 4hita,
taken as a pledge. 7. Ititaaddsa, one becoming a slave
in payment of a debt. 8. Kuddhaprdipta, acguired in
war. 9. Pangjita, won in a wager. 10. Tacdham,
one who voluntarily makes himself a slave, saying, ' I
am thine.’ ’ II. Pracrajydicasita, an apostate-one
who, having entered a religious order, forsakes it, and
thereby becomes a slave of the Raja. 12. K?’ita, made,
one who makes himself a slave for a definite term.
18. IBhakta ddsa, one who is a slave for his food.
]4. ,Waracdhrita, one who becomes a slave by marrying
a female slawe. Iछे. 4tmacikrayi, one who sells him
Self DASA also means, in some places, A fisherman.
It is a suitable agnomen also for a man of the Sttdra
caste, as Chandra-ddsa ; but it is also borne with that
of a divinity, in token of devotion by other superior
castes, as Wishiºu-dds, Sica-dds, JKrishna-dds, Ndrdiyan
dds-the slave of Wishpu, Sica, Krishna, Narayan,
&c. In the days of Akbar it was borne by Rājputs, as
Raja IBhagmrdn Dds, of the Kachnºdha tribe. It is
now seldom used by them, except for illegitimate
offSpring.
JDisa, also Dasari, and Dasa//a, Tel. Karn. (००,
८ऽ्36, ८ग्७०ऽ०8) A mendicant of a class in the south
of India, a worshipper of Wishnu.
JDisiputra, S. (दासीपुत्र:) A son by a female slave.
Dasira, Karn. (पश्& ँ) Son of a female slave.
IDAsA, H. (&~le) A reaping-hook. । Dast{, Mar. (from दस्त, a tax) Assessable, taxable, (land,
IDAssA, (?) H. Stones for building, from the Chunar guarries.
-Ben. Reg. xxii. 1705, cl. 82.
IPAST DUST, H. (P. ५--~~o) lit., The hand ; also, techni
cally, money in hand, Tel. (ं७) The portion of re
venue actually realised by some head-man, but not paid to
government. Mar. (दस्त) Tax or assessment of the revenuc.
_Dasta", Dustulb corruptly, Dustuch, H. (cº-3.e, from P.
128
DAS
dast, the hand, the signature) A passport, a permit. In
the early days of the British government, a document
authoriZing the free transit of certain goods, and their
exemption from custom dues, in favour of English traders.
In later times, it applies more generally to a summons,
a writ, or warrant; especially to a process served on a
revenue defaulter, to compel him to pay any balance that
may be due.
Dastalidna, H. (*७3.५e) Fee or remuneration to the
officer who serves a writ or Summons.
Dastal--tall)--2ar, H. P. 9 --Je e-ॐ~e) Warrant
issued against defaulters of revenue, demanding payment,
and subjecting them to the expense of maintaining the
officer who serves it until the amount is paid.
JDastdices, JDustances, vernacularly, JDastdrogj H. (P.
Jं,ं…) Dastārºju, Tel. (Geयंव्'ee”) Dasta-ainaj, ,
Mar. (दस्तऐवज) A woucher, a document, any legal paper,
a note of hand, a bond, a title-deed, and the like. Any
thing in writing producible in evidence, or by which a
person may be bound in law. A certificate of any kind.
JDastdn'e2-ā-hibba, H. (from A. *ं-, a gift) A deed of
gift or beguest. _
JDastdice2-i-lai88a, H. (from A. &4~, a share) A deed of
partition.
Dast-ba-dast, H. (lit., hand with hand) Ready-money
transaction.
JDast-bdiki, or Dastu-bdiki, H., Mar., Tel., Karn. (A. G५ ॥
remainder) Balance in hand, money collected but not
brought to account, whether referring to balances in the
hands of the native collectors, or to collections made and
embeZZled by them.
Dast-Darddr{, H. (from P. 9*'9P, to lift up or off)
Withdrawal of a suit from a court.
Dast:farosh, H. (from P. Uं99*, who sells) A pedlar, a
hawker.
७'9* , turning) A loan without
Dast-ajardain, H. (from P.
any woucher.
&c.) H. ( _*~e) A present to native officials at the
Dasharit. T
JDastibdd, Mar. (दस्तीबाद) Exempt from taxation.
JDast-jaim6-kharch, H. IDebit and credit account of col
lections. Account current.
Dast-lardan-i-daftar, corruptly, JDasherdon-d५fter, H.
Account of money in hand. Cash account of collections.
 DAS
(From dast, as abowe, hardam, P., to make, and ddftar,
account).
JDastkhat, sometimes abridged to Daskha!, H. (P. '~~~,
kas“e) Handwriting, Signature.
-Dast-l4f, H. (from P. ५-39, boasting) Handsel, first money
received in the day.
JDast-mucd, H. (e}ं…) Wages, recompense. Revenue
assessed upon the land.
DASTAN, Mar. (दास्तान) A store, a granary.
IDASTRAM, Tel. (ॐ७ं) C) The public document or record
of a district or office. (? an error for Daphtaramu.)
DASTUR, DUSTooR, H. &c. (P. 9;.५e, plur. ५-')*~e,
IDASTURAT) Custom, usage, regulation. A customary
fee or perguisite. A commission or per-centage on the
collections, allowed by the Mohammadan government to
the Zamindars. A subdivision of a Sirkftr, or aggregate
of seweral adjacent Parganas (a sense in which it is now
rarely, if ever, used). A high priest of the JPairsis.
JDastitri, H. &c. (.9;.५e) Dasturi, IBen. (मयूनी) A fee,
a perduisite, a commission ; especially a fee claimed by
cashiers and servants on articles purchased, or on pay
ments made.
JDastt;r-i-kagd, H. (e4ं )x.५०) Fees paid to a KaZi for
putting his seal to a document.
JDastttr-al-dmal, IDustoor-00l-umul, H. (c)~～]*~e, from
A. UAe, business) Rule, regulation, rules of practice,
prescriptive mode of carrying on public business. The
orders and rules of government. A body of regulations
agreed upon by any number of persons for their future
guidance. A body of instructions and tables for the use
of native revenue officers, under the Mohammadan Go
vernment. (Although professing to be copied from the
original of Akbar, no two copies of the Dastur-al-dmal
agree ; owing in part, Mr. Elliot conjectures, to their
having been made up, in warious degrees of completeness,
from another account left by the Kanungos, the Anal
dastitr, in which orders superseding those of the Dastitr
al-dmal were registered). “ ॥
Dastair-paradesi, H. (from S. परदेशी, a foreigner) Fees
formerly levied at Benares from pilgrims from countries
beyond Hindustan.
IDASTU R, DUSTOOR, Mar. (दस्तूर) Handwriting, signature,
the signature of a clerk or amanuensis. The form of an
official paper ; (besides the ordinary meanings as above),
Dastair-lihud, Mar. (from P. ex*-, self) Written with one's
129
IDAT
hand, in opposition to a paper written or Signed by an
amanuensis.
IDATAN, Thug. A police guard, Any person found unex
pectedly on a place selected for a murder.
DATTA, DUTTA, S. (past part. of दा, to give, datus) Given,
(or used as a noun substantive) A son given in adoption ;
also, Gift, donation. (It is sometimes wernacularly changed
to JDat, JDut).
JDatta, S. (fem. of दत:) Given (a girl) in marriage, be
trothed.
JDattalia, or Dattrima, S. (from दत्तं , given) An adopted
son, one given by his parents to a person who legally
adopts him. (Also with Putra, a son, as Dattaputra,
JDattakaputra).
JDattaitma, S. (from स्रामन् , self) The son selfºgiven, one
who oflers himself of his own accord to be adopted.
JDatta-homam, S. (from होम, burnt-offering) Oblations of
clarified butter to fire, a ceremony performed at the
adoption of a son, and by some held to be essential to the
validity of the adoption.
JDattola, Mal. ( 36)(Jro0e_a) A deed of adoption.
JDattdpraddinikam, S. (from अप्रदानिक, not like a gift)
Retraction or resumption of gifts, a head of Hindu law.
(Also called Dattasya-amapakarma, The non-taking back
of what has been given).
JDat-patra, Uriya. A deed of gift.
Datta, commonly Dutt, Ben. (लङ्क, from the S. दन्त) A
Subdiwision of the writer caste. A name commonly borne
by members of the caste, as, Jaykrishn-JDutt.
IDATUā, Thug. Cry of the hare : if on the right, a bad
omen, and travellers must be spared.
I)AUL, DoUL, corruptly, IDowILF, H. (A. J*ः State, con
dition) DAUL, Bon and Mar. (८ज्रेीन, डौल, the initial
being changed to the cerebral d) also DAwULU, or
DAULU, Karn. (ॐं७eo) Mode, manner, shape, appear
ance, form, estimate, valuation, a statement of the par
ticulars of the gross revenue lewied from an estate or
district. An estimate of the amount of revenue which
a district or estate may be expected to yield. In the
west of India it is also used to signify a blank form ready
to be filled up, and sometimes signed and sealed ; or a
blank return, of crimes when none have been committed,
or of revenue when no collections have been made.
JDaul-band-0-bast, H. (P. e-००५ १ ५. agreement) Statement
or particulars of the arrangement made for the amount of
2 L
 DAU
revenue realiZable from a district. Although applicable to
the settlement between the rewenue payers and the Govern
ment, it was formerly used in Bengal and the northern
Sirkars to signify especially the rent-roll of estates, the
gross receipts demanded by the Zamindars from their te
nants or farmers, or the agreement made with them with
reference to the amount payable to the gowernment after
making certain authoriZed allowances and deductions.
Daul-iंfat, H. (A. e-GLal) Statement or estimate of ad
ditional sources of revenue.
JDaul-jamd, H. (ee#- J;ं) Particulars of the total re
venue assessed upom a district or a village.
JDaul-khasana, H. (Ad';*-, a treasury) A memorandum
given to the Ryot by the native revenue-officer, Specify
ing the sum due by him for the current instalments.
Daul-kistbandi, H. (.sA५ ५-~.४) Engagement to hold
land upon payment of the rewenue by fixed instalments.
JDaul-ndma, H. (P. &०७, a document) Extract from the ge
neral particulars of an estimated assessment, for the infor
mation of the person paying, supplied to him as a Patta,
or lease also termed Daal-patta.
Daul-patra, Mar. (S. पच, a leaf) A blank form, a blank
return.
JDaal-tashkhi8-1-bamd-0-bast, H. (from A. U~~*, aSSeSS
ment) Particulars of the assessment of a village : one of
the accounts formerly kept by the Kanungo.
JDaul-nudsil-bdhi, H. '( ५*५ 9-०ly) Statement of collections
and balances.
JDaculuddr, or Dagulddr, Karn. (ॐं७jeo८ग्aॐ, ॐं७छ्रुत्वं)
An appraiser, one who estimates the amount and value
of the crop.
JDagulu-hatturalं, Karn. (ॐं७co*ंॐv) Estimate of
the probable produce.
JDarulu.jama-bamdi, Karn. (ॐं७jeoag०Go०००) Esti
mated assessment of the revenue of a willage.
Daculupatti, Karn. (ं७cosं) An account of the esti
mate of each farmer’s produce.
IDAUL, or DAULA, H. (J;*, 'lyp, डील) The boundary of a
field, a boundary mark, or mound of earth for that pur
pose.
DAUNDI, (?) Mar. A small drum beat by a public crier.
A proclamation.
IDAU It, H. 96) The strings attached to a basket to throw
up water for irrigation.
JDam/?’{, H. (-9xं) The basket so used.
130
DAW
DAUR, Mar. (ईोर) Asmall drum, shaped like an hour-glass.
JDauri, Mar. (डौरी) A player on the Daar.
Daur{-1084gi, Mar. (डैौरीगोसावी) The Gosain who beats
the Daur: he is one of the inferior village officers, orAlut6.
DAURA, Uriya (०६.9.l, probably from H. Daar-nd, to go
about) Sessions, circuit.
DAURAPA, H. (from 'ं, to run) A willage runner or
messenger.
DAURf, or DAURf, H. (५%99a ५.9xं) The rope that ties
the bullocks together when treading out corn.
IDAwASA, Karn. ( ँ;७) Produce of the fields. Grain in
general.
( ॐ3K363-७०) A corn factor.
JDaayasadacama, Karn.
DAwA, or DAwi, H. (A. J39ee) as there is no eguivalent
for the A. 8।। in the Hidu dialects, this word and its
derivatives are written with the simple long vowel, fol
lowed by a or o, व, pronounced as m’, Ben. (तोअपl) Mar.
(दावा) Tel. (OP०C") Karn. (C०व्व्), ८ग्व्ॐ) A claim,
a demand, a complaint, a Suit, a prosecution. In the west
of India it has come to signify a right, a just claim.
JDdjod, or Damgā-ddr, H. &c. (9'e.*-) A complainant,
a plaintift; one who has a just claim or right.
Danci-ghalat, A. (kal3 ७.;ee) Plea of error ; in Moham
madan law.
JDanci-hin:, A. (५*-3- ४.syee) Claim of penalty ; in
Mohammadan law.
DAwAT, H. (A. ५--'yee) Invitation, benediction, a feast, a
banguet.
DAwAM-BAND-o-BAST, H. (५-~~～ 9 Aj५ •';e, from •be.
perpetuity) Perpetual settlement.
DAwAN, DAwUN, H. (J9le) Threshing the corn by bullocks,
attaching some six or eight in a row, and driving them
round a central pivot over the corn strewed upon the
floor.
DAwAN, or DAwEx, Mar. (दावण, दीवं) A rope fastened at
both ends to which cattle are tied.
DAwARA, DAt RA, or DAHwARA, corruptly, DowRA, Mar.
(डवरा or डळ्हरा) A hole dug for water (in the dry bed
of a river, or the like).
DAWA, S., but adopted in most dialects, at least in its legal
sense, (दार्य) Gift, donation, In Hindu law, Portion, in
heritance, which may be of two kinds; without hindrance
or impediment, absolute, direct, Apratibandha ; and Sa
pratibandha, with obstruction, indirect, contingent, or
presumptive.

IDEB
JDayabhdja, or Dayacibhdja, S. (from भागं, a share, or
विभागः, partition) Partition of inheritance. Title of law
books relating to the apportiomment of heritable property
amongst heirs.
JDdyaida, S. (from चादा, to take) An heir, whether direct,
collateral, or contingent. A claimant
-79ayddopdajata, S. (from उपागत, come or descended to) A
slave received as inheritance.
JDdi/gji, Mar. (दायजी) An heir, a kinsman.
IDAwA, Ben. (S. fiप) Charge, plaint, law-suit (besides the
preceding senses).
Dayak, Ben. (प्लीपदं) An accuser, Also, a donor, &c.
DEB, Ben., Uriya, &c. (८ग्लद, the vernacular pronunciation of
-Dec, ५. v.) A divinity, a deity, an idol, a king, a title
of respect in addressing a person of rank, a cognomen
appropriate to Brāhmans, as Chandradeb. (There being
no c in Bengali, the b is substituted for it in this and
all similar words).
JDel)-dihā, Uriya. Enumeration ofestates and villages.
JDebhi-6sdmi, or Debhi-rai/at, (?) In Behar and western
Bengal said to mean, a resident cultivator, one having a
right of property in the ground he cultivates.
DEHRi, H. (.9*-) A marshy soil. See Dahr.
DEJA, H. (५ञ्ee, from S. देय, to be given) A portion, a terest in kind on grain at the rate of fifty per cent.
dowry. DEJA, or DEJ, Mar. (देज) Money given at DEORHI, H. (._ं9:e) A threshold, a porch.
Stidra marriages : given by the bridegroom to the father
of the bride.
JDejं, H. (x’e) Part of a dowry.
DEL, H. (c)५P) Land ploughed and ready for the Tºabi DERH, (SPG) One-and-a-halfः
crop (Bundelkhand). IAand prepared for cotton after
being cropped for gram (Sagar).
DENA, H. &c. (from the v. U५e, to give, that which should
be given, देना) DENE, Mar. (देणे) Money due, a debt.
JDend, or Deme-ddr, or Denddr, H. &c. (9leuge, देनेदार्,
८ालनातीत) A debtor.
Den4-pdnd, H. (from U५e, and ५५, to obtain) Profit and
loss, settlement of affairs.
Deaedhene, Mar. (देणेपेणे) Money transactions, paying and
receiving, lending and borrowing.
JDen-hdikim?, H. (.*-) The share of the government
or Zamindar of the produce.
JDeachari, Mar. (देणेकरी) A debtor.
Den-len, H. (abbreviated from U५o and ५.J, to take) Money
dealings, paying and receiving, borrowing and lending,
buying and selling, &e.
181
२
IDES
-Den-malur, H. &c. (from A. A-०, a portion) A dowry, a
wife’s portion.
JDetdāhet6ं, Mar. (देताधेता) A regular dealer, one who is
punctual in money transactions.
I)ENDA pronounced DENDo, DENDU, also IDENIPA pronounced
I)ESPo, DExptं, Ben. (८ज्*नि, ८ज्’गू.८ज्’१,८ज्) Tath
nical terms used in the measurement of land, implying
relative position or bearing-thus, Denda imports that
there is a parcel of land between the lots last named and
the next lot, lying a little to the south of the land which
is immediately to the south. Dend4 imports that which
is a little to the north of the land immediately north.
JDenpa is that which is a little to the west of the land
immediately west. 79enpd is that which is a little to the
west of that lying west. (The o of Dendo and Denpo
is only the common Bengali articulation of the short a).
DEo, H. &e. (*e, for S. देव, Deva) A god, a divinity.
See देव and its compounds.
IDEO, or DEO LINK, Thug. An exelamation from the look
out confederates, to signify that all is safe and the murder
may be committed.
DEoLA, H. (J}ं) Mounds, high ground (East Oudh).
DEORHA, H. (५ध्}ं) One-and-a-halfः used to express in
JDeorhi-ddr, H. A porter.
IDERA, H. (JPG, डेरा) A tent, any temporary dwelling, a
Ryot's hut
-7?erl-ptio, H. A guarter-and-a-half three-eighths.
-Derlpamrd, A weight egual to three-eighths of a sdr.
JDeri, IBen. (८ालजैी) I'll-prepared ; applied to rice when only
half cleaned, or husked once and-a-half, it being usual to
make the most ordinary kinds pass through the mortar
three times.
DrºsA, S. (देशा) vernacularly, D:S, H. (U*५e) H. Mar. (देशा)
Ben. (८ानम्) Tel. (Gॐ००) Karn. (&छ्) Tam. (GंठGia)
Mal. (6)००००) as the palatal s, which is used by all, ex
cept the Hindustani, is slightly aspirated in Sanskrit, the
aspiration is exaggerated in some of the dialects, and the
word and its compounds are prononuced, as in Marathi,
-Desh : in that language, however, it also occurs, less cor
rectly, but optionally, JDes, with the dental sibilant (देस)
Country, district, place, region. In different parts of
India it is emphatically applied to particular districts, as
 DES
_
constituting the' county. Im Rohilkhand it demotes the
cleared villages on the borders of the Tardi. Im the
Himalayan regions it signifies the plains of Hindustan.
With the Marathas it especially designates the country
between the Sahyādri and Balaghāt hills, the Karnatik
and the Godaveri river. It also applies to amy plain,
open, or champaign country. In Malabar it likewise
signifies, the proprietary possession of a village, and the
rank derived from it.
JDesdichdr, H. S. (देशाचार) Local observance, custom of the
country.
De४ddhihar:, incorrectly, De8adihdr, S. (देशाधिकारी) Chiefः
or gowernor, or Superintendant of a given tract of country.
De8adhipati, S. (देशाधिपति) Chief or head ruler of a
district or country. The representative of the Raja.
Desddhipatyam, S. &c. Office of governor, government of
a district.
Desahdsilu, or Des-hdsil, Tel. (GॐGoठैeo) Inland or
transit duties.
Desdi, corruptly, Desae, and Dess/e, Mar. (देशाहै, from S.
देशाधिपfत) The superintendant or ruler of a Pargana or
province, the principal revenue officer of a district, under
the native government : the office was hereditary, and
freduently recompensed by grants of land, so that the
JDesdं often became akind of petty chiefin the south of India.
JDesdं, Karn. (G९ळव्०००) A chief man among the mer
chants of the Lingam sect.
Des44-7iri, Mar. (देशाद्दैगिCि) Office of Desdi, emoluments
or fees attached to it.
JDesa-lekhaka, S. (लेखकः, a writer) The accountant of a
district.
Desdnt, H. (from S. स्रन्त, end) The boundaries ofa country
or district. _
JDesdntar, H. (from S. अन्तरं, different) A foreign country,
belonging to a different country, a foreigner.
JDe8astlia, or JDesastll, less correctly, JDe:hastl, Mar.
(देशस्य, from S. स्य, who is, or belongs to) One of a
tribe of Maratha Brāhmans, who consider themselves su
perior to the rest. In other parts of the South, a Ma
ratha Brithman in general.
De४dicar, H. C,५.५e) A foreign or different country.
_Destincar{, H. (.9५.५e) Goods, the manufacture of another
country.
Des-chaudliald, Mar. (देशचीघला) The assistant to the chief
native revenue officer of a district.
182
DES
De8-heta, Uriya (G०gls६६)) Service lands of avillage officer.
JDesi, H. &c. (S. देशी) Belonging to, born or produced
in a country, a native of a country.
JDesiya, H. &c. (S. देशिय) Belonging to a country, native,
local.
Des-Mical, Tel. (ढँशंॐ9) Black mail, fees paid to
prevent a willage from being pillaged, expenses of guard
ing a district.
JDe8-kalkaramं, Mar. (देशबुब्ठकरणी) The districtaccountant,
one who prepares a general account from the several
statements of the willage accountants.
De:-hulkaramā-parttana, Karn. (S. वर्त्तेन, subsistence) A
per-centage formerly allowed to the district accountants on
the collections of the rewenue.
JDesmukh, Desmoolah, or Deshmookh, corruptly, Desmook,
Mar. (देश, and S. मुखं, chief) A hereditary native officer
under the former governments, exercising chief police and
revenue authority over a district, containing a certain
number of villages, and responsible for the revenue :
holding for compensation lands rent-free, and being en
titled to the warious fees and allowances, corresponding
generally to the Zamindars of Bengal. Under the present
administration the IDesmukh is a district revenue officer
who is expected to superintend the cultivation, and report on
the state of the crops, to assist in the settlement of the
annual revenue, and to give general aid to the collector and
his establishment in the discharge of rewenue duties.
JDe8mmukh?, Mar. (देशमुखी) The office or duty of Desmukh.
The fees or perduisites levied by him, or on his account
Des-nikald, H. (४७ं U~५e, from UJKG, to send out) Exile,
banishment.
JDespdndd, or Despdiadyd, corruptly, JDespandeah, Despom
deah, Despondee, Daispaundee, Tel. (3ॐ.or०८ऽ्8)
Mar. (देशपाण्डे, देशपांडघा) The hereditary revenue ac
countant of a district or certain number of willages,
holding office by hereditary temure, and paid by lands.
Under the British administration this officer is expected
to keep a duplicate set of the public accounts, to super
intend and. cheek those of the village accountants, keep
note of the collections, and see that they are regularly
paid, to assist in the annual settlements, and give general
information and aid to the collector and his subordinates.
In some parts of Telingana the Despandyft acts indepen
dently of the JDesmukh, discharges the same duties, and
enjoys the same privileges and emoluments.
 IDES
JDesapramdigi, Mal. (o3००७-9226r?) Head of a village:
also, De8amukhyastham.
JDes-tyd/, H. (from the S. त्याग, abandoning) Emigration.
JDesmcdl, H. ( J;“५e) A tribe of Tagas, holding a few
willages in Bhagpur.
JDesical4, or Desnedli, Mar., H. (देशवाला) A native of
any country. In Bengal it is applied to a mative of
the north-west provinces.
JDesarrdli, Mal. (6)००eo-l93)) The head or ruler of a
district. The same as JDesai, g. v.
-7Oesmºdr, H. 9';“:e) Relating to a district or districts,
a statement, assessment, &c.
DEULA, Ben Uriya (८लजेन1, from the S. Derala) A temple.
-Deula-karam, Uriya. Accountant of a temple.
DEvA, S., vernacularly pronounced whether singly or in
many of its compounds, DEwA, IDEv, IDEB, or IDEO,
(देव, Deus) A god, a divinity, an idol. A man of high
rank, a sowereign. A Brāhman. A cognomen Suited
to Brfthmans.
-Decaddna, S. (देवदानं) A gift or offering to a divinity.
-Decadarsama, S. (दशैन, seeing) Wisiting or paying re
verence to an idol ः particularly, in the south of India,
such a visit paid by the bride and bridegroom, with their
friends, at a particular period after their marriage.
JDeraddsi, H. &c. (from S. दासी, a female slave) A dancing
girl attached to a temple.
JD6caddya, Decaddyamu, corruptly, JDeradon’, Decad/en,
and Decadoyam, Karn. (3ंॐ०००७) Tel. (65०८)”०ऽo ँoo,
from S. दायं, a donation) Lands or allowances for the
support of a temple, an endowment.
JDecadechdrd, Mar. (देवदेहारा) Running about from idol
to idol, importunate in prayers and supplications.
JDecadharma, S. Religious offices, acts of supererogation
in honour of a divinity.
JDecadijdr, Karn. (G3b7रळ6) A man of a low oaste, who
performs menial offices in temples in the south of India.
JDecaka, Mar. (from S. देवक, a deity, or a minor deity)
The deities worshipped at marriages, and other essential
ceremonies,
JDeraka-gondala, Karn. &c. Decorating the household or
other deities who are worshipped at the Sanskāras or
essential ceremonies.
JDecala, (from S. Decaldya) vermacularly in Ben., &c.
Deral or Dental, Deul, &c. (देवलं) A temple.
JDecala, S. and Mar. (देवल) JDecalam, Karn. (G३०६२) A Wishnu is supposed to rise up from his four months' sleep.
188
DEW
Brāhman of an inferior order, who attends upon idols,
and lives upon the offerings made to them.
-Decdlaya, S. (from चालय, an asylum) A temple, a shrine.
JDecala-prajd, corruptly, Dercul purchd, Ben. (८ादिनऔयन)
One of three officers, so named, managing the temple of
Jagannath, under the Raja of Khurda, but appointed for
merly by the collector.
-Decala, or Derdlaya-ditya, (from S. Ditya. fदव्यं, an
oath) Making an oath in a temple, or before an idol.
JDecali, Mar. (देवळी) A small building made for an idol
only, not admitting worshippers. A frame or shrine
within a temple.
JDecamdtrika, Mar. Decamditruha, Tel. (S. देवमातृक)
Watered by rain ; fields, lands, &c., as opposed to those
dependent upon artificial irrigation.
JDerding/, Karn. (from S. अङ्ग, the body) A Lingāyat, one
who carries the emblem of Siva on his person.
JDecdnga,Tel. (6०ण७०x)JDecdngada, Karn. (ंशद्ध०xं)
The title assumed by the caste of weavers in the Karnatic.
-Decttrdiya-catta, Karn. (वैश्ञ०ब्॰ं) A tax for
merly lewied in Mysore on the lands of rebellious subjects,
rated at so much for each temple on them.
JDecaski, Mar. (देवखती) Annual ceremonies in honour of
village diwinities.
JDecasthala S. (देवस्यलं) Any sacred place or temple. In
Malabar, a temple of the first order, dedicated to Siva,
as Trimurtti.
JDerasthdna, corruptly, Deostam, S. &c. (from S. स्यानॆ, a
place) A temple. Revenue applied to the support of a
temple.
JDecasthdpana, S. (देवस्यापनं) Setting up an idol in a
temple, or in a room in a dwelling.
JDegastlldna-pudi-patta, Karn. (ॐड्’ ॐ७०3ं) A
tax oftwo-and-a-half fanams per hdndi of land, levied upon
the Ryots, on behalf of the temple or temples of a dis
trict (Mysore).
JDecasica, Mar. (देवख) Karn. (ॐंS, from the S. स्बं,
own) Property belonging to a temple. An endowment.
Derathike, Mar. (देवठिके) A spot of land held rent-free in
some villages by the Mukaddam or Mhar, in reward of
his hawing established by ordeal the disputed boundaries
of the willage.
। Decotthdna, S., vernacularly, Deotthdn, (from उह्यानै,
। rising) The eleventh day of the light half of Kartik, when
2 M
 DEW
The end of the rainy season. It is also the period at which
the Sugar-cane is first cut. See JDith?oam.
JDephdrd, Mar. (देहाणा) The niche or shrine in which an
idol is placed.
Deci, S., adopted in all the dialects, (देवी) Any goddess,
but especially a name of Durgā, the wife of Siva, the
goddess.
JDeootthapana, or Deotthdpam, (from S. डल्यापनं, raising
up) The ceremony of removing or dismissing deities at
the end of the rite at which they were supposed to be
present.
DEvATA, S. (देवता) A divinity. a deity, an idol.
JDeoditara, Mal. (6)3o-10(O(o) A temple dedicated to an
inferior divinity.
JDecatdouttdra, Karn. (ॐ९:उव्७ठरृ४) ILands allotted
rent-free for the support of a temple.
JDeoatrd, or Decottara, S., vernacularly, JDeotar, Deotara,
Ben. and Uriya, Debottar, Karn.JDepatdouttdra, corruptly,
Deonruttur and Dencitter, (S. देव, and च, what pre
serves, or उक्तर्, what belongs to) Land rent-free, granted
for the support of a temple or an idol.
Decatotthdpama, Mar. (from S. उत्यापनं, raising up) Dis
missing the deities who have been invited to a ceremony,
upon its termination.
DHABBU, DHUBBoo, Mar. (धबु) A double pice.
DHABDHABf, Mar. (धग्धबी) A waterfall, the noise of falling
water.
D'HAp, Mar. (धाड, pronounced DHAR) An onset, an over
whelming multitude or crowd, whether of robbers and the
like, or of locusts or other destructive creatures.
DHApA, pronounced DHARA, Hindi (धाडा) A robbery.
DHAI)A, H. ('5७ce, S. धारा, a stream) Water falling from
above, a waterfall (Rohilkhand).
DHADA, Mar. (धडा) A weight of ten s6rs, an accumulation
of weight in a balance. ५*
D'HApA, or DHAppl, D'HUppA, D'HUppEE, H. ('$sp, .*२)
A term applied to low ground (Rohilkhand).
DHAGA, Thug. Eliciting the intentions of travellers, Ne
gociation with persons in authority for protection or release
from arrest.
ID'HAGAL, Thug. Papers.
DHAGSA, Thug. Hilly or woody country.
DHAn IMA, H. (&Aso५ed, धाहिमा) A tribe of Rajputs, formerly
lords of Biana, one of the thirty-six royal races. There
are also IDhahima Jaits and Ahirs
184
DHA
DHAI-GrwA, Hindi (धैगिया, from गिया, gone) Washed away
by inundation (Puraniya).
DHAJA, DHUJA, H. (५*o, S. भृज:) A flag. A pole with
a strip of cloth tied to the end of it, and erected some
times near a place of worship, in satisfaction of a vow.
Also, a flag hoisted on some lofty situation on the last
day of Ashdrh, called the Pairan-parthsha, trial of the
wind ; as, from the direction of the wind on the Sunset
’ of that day, as shewn by the flag, the people draw their
auguries of the guantity of rain likely to fall in the en
suing rainy season. If the wind blows from the west,
it is said that there will be Bamya ka pdm{, grain-dealers’
water-the season will be dry : if a little more round, it
is Kumhdr hd pdn1, potter’s water, as they do not like
much wet : if from the north, moderate weather may be
expected, and it is called Mali kd pdini, gardener’s water:
and if from the east, copious rains are expected, called
JDhobi k6pani, washerman's water, i. e. abundant rain.
DHAR, DHUK, Ben. (छदह) A weight.
DHAK, DHA KA, or DHAKHA, corruptly, DAwK, H. (4-*sp,
४by, ५४boo) A tree common in India (Butea frondosa),
also called Palāsa, the products of which are very useful.
The bark yields an astringent exudation, called Pal48
gond, or Bengal kino ; a strong rope, called Bukel, is
made from the root ; the wood is used for coating wells,
and is walued as fuel for Sacrificial fire ; the flowers are
of a bright red colour, and yield a yellow or orange dye.
In Bengal, and in and along the hills, it is a good-siZed
tree ; but in the plains of the north-west it is of stunted
growth,and comes to signifyanydwarf shrubs or brushwood.
JDhdh.jangal, is any wilderness of bushes.
DHAR, Hindi (धाक) Arable land in a ravine (Puraniya).
DHAKARA, H. (४,*५००)A tribe of Rājputs, Scattered over
the country, from the South bank of the Jumna about
Agra and Mathura, across the Doab to Rohilkhand.
DHAKATA, or D'HAKUTA-PANA, corruptly, IDHAKTEPUNA,
Mar. (धाकटापण, धाकुटापणं) Inferiority in stature, age,
&c., lesserness. Claim to inheritance, or other rights of
the junior branches of a family.
JDhakata, or JDhdkatt, incorrectly, JDhakt{, -khdis, Mar.
The third or inferior class of willage officers. See /Baluta.
DHAKf, Ben. (छीरी) A deduction of rent allowed to tenants
by the Zamindar.
DHAL, Hindi (ढल) An influx of water coming down a
river from the hills (Puraniya).
 D'HA
DHALA, H. (Jo2) Collections from the individual willagers,
to cover willage expenses in Rohilkhand, usually at the
rate of one ana in a rupee, or one sdr of grain per maund.
In the Central and Lower Doab it is generally used with
•7ama, as Jama-dhdla, and signifies a particular tenure.
See JDhdr-bdichh. In this sense it occurs also Ddla, with
the initial unaspirated.
DHALAIT, H. &c. (e-५}be, probably from Dhdl, a shield)
An armed attendant or peon.
D'HALAI., Thug. Spirit vender.
DHALBHOL, H. (J}Alb3) Complete transfer by sale
(Kamaon).
DHALPHOR, (?) H. A class of the Kitrmi, or great agricul
tural tribe in Hindustan (clod piercers).
DHALwAS, Hindi (ढलवां) The slope of the inclined plane
down which the oxen descend from a well.
DHAMAN, H. (?) Payment of rent in kind : applied also to
lands or a village when the revenue is so paid.
ID HAMf, H. (U**७be, plur. Dhdmidn) A follower of Prān DHANA, Uriya (४ll१), probably wernacular corruption of DANA,
nftth, a Hindu reformer, who flourished in the sewenteenth
century in Bundelkhand.
DHAst KAI, H. &c. (from H. ७७%Aso, or Ben. थभशl, to
threaten) Reprimand, reproof threatening.
JDhamahdibd, IBen. Uriya (४l१Gl3.GI) Intimidation.
DHAMONI-KI-MANJ, Thug. Fighting of cats, a bad omen.
DHAMRI, Thug. Metal utensils.
D'HAM UKA, Tel. (ंo s) A road made with gravel. A sugar-cane juice when boiling (Dehli).
ridge or bank passing across water.
DHAN, corruptly, IDAUN, H. &c. (७५be, from the S. धान्यं)
Grain in general, but especially applied to the rice plant, ।
|
or to rice in the husk, of which there are a great number
|
of varieties, bearing different names, Sixty-six different DHANGA, (?) Any hiding-place of robbers and marauders ;
|
appellations are enumerated by Mr. Elliot as known in
the western provinces ; and he states that the wariety is
still greater in Bengal and Bahar. In what respects they
differ, except in name, does not appear.
JDhdn, or Dhdna-bandi, corruptly, JDanabund/, H. DHANGAR or DHANGAR, DHUNGUR, H. &c. (AGeo, AJube)
(.*५ ४d७bo) Estimate of the extent of the crops of rice
or other grain.
Dhanha, Dhanha, H. (७ंse, from धान) A rice cultivator ;
rice-bearing, as a field, &c.
JDh4mā, H. (८dboo) A good Soil, fit for grain.
JDhankar, Dhunhur, H. CKube, abridged from ७५*५,
धकड) A stiff soil, bearing rice if rain has fallen plen
tifully. A field cropped with rice in the previous season.
18छ्
DHA
JDhdin-kaiti, H. The season for cutting rice.
Dhan-nadi, Tel. (G”७२००) A rice field.
JDhant'hia, Dhunted, (५ेtioo) A field which has been
reaped for rice (Rohilkhand).
JDhdmmrdiyd, H. (५);be) A thresher or a seller of rice.
DHAN, D'HUN, H. &c. (Jee, S. धनं) Wealth, property.
A loan. The cattle of a village.
JDhanं, and Dhamik, H. &c. (S. धनी, धनिक) One having
property, a master, an owner : also, a lender, a creditor.
JDhani.jod, Mar. (धनीजोगं, from S. Ho///a, योग्य, fit,
proper) Payable to the purchaser, a bill, &e., as distin
guishable from that which is payable to some other,
Sahdjog (शहाजोग).
JDhamteras, Mar. (धनतेरस) The thirteenth of the dark half
of Aswin, when the bankers worship money.
DHANA, Mal. (CopCO) Fried barley or rice.
DHANA, H. (Adboo) The Gond portion of a village, which
is always separate from the rest (Sāgar).
a grain, a seed) A measure of weight for the precious
metals, four dhdnas (grains) egual to one ratti.
DHANAK, Ben. (*tiमदं) A copper coin, about the value of
two-pence.
DHANDHol, Thug. Any man employed in the pursuit of
Thugs.
DHANDHoi, DHUNDHoEE, H. (.3;*ंuop) The scum of the
DHANDHORA, DHUNDHORA, corruptly, IDHANDERo, H.
(Uyso-Asp, from S. दुण्ड, to search) Proclamation by
|
| beat of drum.
-Dhandhoria, H. A crier.
three such were especially notorious in Katiwar-one
in the neighbourhood of Chuttla, one about twenty
kos to the southward, and the third in the forest of
Chachai.
A tribe of people inhabiting the hill country in Ramgarh
and Chota-nagpur : some of them come periodically into
the plains for employment, and are engaged as labourers
and scavengers. In the south of India, DHANGAR is
generally applied to the caste of shepherds and weavers of
wool. In Telingana, they are also cultivators, and are
divided into twelve tribes, who do not eat together, nor
intermarry.
 D'HA
JDhamgar-mdg, Mar. (from माग, a loom) The loom of a
woollen weaver.
JDhamgar-mdmiyam, Karn. ( ँ०xॐCoot००So०) Taxes on
shepherds. Charge for pasturage.
DHANGI, Thug. A brass pot.
DHANTERA, Thug. An ass, whose braying is an omen highly
esteemed, whether for good or evil.
DHAN wA, H., but in all the dialects also: (S. धान्यं) Grain
in general, especially rice, but mine principal kinds are
enumerated under this title ; small guantities ofeach of
which are sometimes given to Brāhmans at festivals : the
donation is called the Naca-dhdnya-danam.
JDhdnydddyam, Tam. (S. grrcणीu-rांठTu-lta) Receipt
of rewenue, &c., in grain.
JDhdnyadulu, Tel. (plur. of GPॐ 8ॐ०eo) All sorts ofgrain.
JDhdnya-sdrama, Tel. &c. (ढ्ग्७8-Geॐंoo) Grain after
threshing (from S. सारं, substance).
JDhanyacarddhamam, Mal. (Copं9o46Coo००, from S. धान्य,
and वडैनं, increasing) Lending grain at interest, receiving
a usurious return for seed corm supplied to the cultivators.
JDhdnya-cruddhi, Mal. (Copg9९96.J), from S. वृडि,
increase) First-fruits, or the first sheaf reaped.
DHANUK, H. (cº-%be, from S. Dhanush, a bow) The
name of a low tribe in the upper provinces, but most
numerous in Bahar : they follow the practice of fowlers
and archers, and feed upon their booty : they are
also employed as house guards, and in warious menial
offices, and sometimes become slaves. The females are
in reduest as midwives. They are said to be divided into
sewen branches, between whom there is no social inter
course.-Elliot. According to Buchanan, however, the
IDhanuks of Bahar, Bhagalpur, and Puraniya are a pure
agricultural tribe, perhaps not essentially different from
Kurmis : many of them, however, are agricultural slaves.
-Western India, i. l67.
DHANUS, or DHANUSH, vernacularly, IDHANU and DHANUR,
S. (धनुस, धनुष) A bow, a bow used for cleaning cotton.
A land measure of four cubits.
Dhanur-cidya, S. (धनुष, the final being changed to r ।
before certain consonants, and विद्या, knowledge) The
science of archery, literally, but comprehending the whole । IDIIARAwAg', H. (५-')*e) Land ascertained and apportioned
ofmilitary Science, the art of war : also Dhama-ceda and ।
JDhamur-sdstram.
| ID HARAwATU, Tel. ( ॐ०ष्3ं७) A deposit, an instalment
DHAP, H. (५-५be) One-fourth of a kos : a pass, a ghat: an
expanse of low ground.
180;
IDHA
JDhapia, Dhupea, H. (५:Pe, from S. Dhdica, running) A
short kos, a distance which a man may run without stop
ping to take breath.
DHAR, H. Olsā) A heap of corn (Benares),
DHAR, H. ()'so) A hollow tree inserted in the mouth of
wells in the Tarāf, to prevent their falling in.
IDHAR, or D'HARA, H. &c. 9५०-*, )७be) A stream, a chan
nel, a flow of water.
ID'HAR, Hindi (धार) A rawine with or without water.
DHAR, or DHARA, H. &c. ()७be, )५be) Settled assessment,
fixed or customary rate, a proportionate share or charge.
The same tenure as JDhdrbdicluh, ५. v. Also, Mar.
D'HARE (धारे).
DHAR, Ben. (*fiद्भ) A loan, a debt: an edge, a limit, a boundary.
JDharait, or Dhartta, (?) Ben. (शङ्गछे) A loan, a sum de
ducted from the amount lent, by the lender, as a bonus.
JDharttd, IBen. (शङ्खे) A debtor.
IDHARA, Thug. Wessels of metal.
DHArtA, ID'HURA, Ben. Uriya (श्रद्भl, from S. धणं, having,
holding) Personal restraint, arrest, apprehension of a
criminal.
DHARA, incorrectly, IDHUR, Ben. Mar. (श्रीद्भी, धारा) Usage,
practice, custom, customary or current price, rate, or as
sessment, tax on gardens and plantations.
JDhdra-chaddo, Tel. (?) The former custom of making the
cultivators pay a premium on the market price for the
Share of the crop relinguished by the government.
JDhdr6-kari, 'or Dhdre-kari, Mar. (from S. कर:, who
makes) A tenant, one who pays the government assess
ment, one who is possessed of fixed rates or fees. The
permanent occupant of a farm, one who cannot be dis
possessed as long as he pays his revenue, and who may
abandon his farm for a time without losing the right of
resumption on paying a compensation to the temporary
occupier. _
JDhdra-pramda, Uriya. According to custom.
ID'HARAUKI,JDHUROUKEE,H. (C*;oe) Ascertaining by guess,
ID'HARAUNA, H. (५)*०) A woman married a second time.
In case of a dispute, the guantity of land in cultivation
(East Oudh).
by estimate, not measured (Benares).
of revenue in advance ; also read Dhar८/cati, and, incor
rectly, JDharot1.
 ID'HA
DHARA, Mar. (धडा) A weight of ten sdrs, the guantity
weighed by it, a peculiar mode of multiplying weights.
D'HARAI, Thug. Share assigned to the leaders of an expe
dition, usually one article in ten, or one ana in the rupee
on the value.
DHARAKHA, or DHARAIA, H. (५9op, ४,*5) A scarecrow.
D'HARAN, Mar. (धारण) Rate, current or market price.
DHARAN, Mar. (धरणं, from the S. धरणं, holding, con
fining) A dam, a bank across a river : a weight of
twenty-four gunja seeds : a sum of nine anas.
DHARBAND, Mar. (धरबंद) A law, a rule, a regulation.
DHARBACHH, H. (-4-५,७०e) Any even or general dis
tribution of charge or rate, &c., especially that which is
levied from the individual holders of a coparcenary estate,
to make good any deficiency in the produce of land held in
common, or let to cultivators. In the central part of the
north-west provinces the term denotes an imperfect Pattidarf
tenure, in which part of the willage land is held in common
and part in severalty. The profits of the former are first ap
plied to the payment of the government assessment and
the willage charges; and any deficit is made good by the
proprietors of the latter, in proportion to their holdings.
DHARBIGAR, Mar. (from S. धर्, seiZing, and bijdr, forced
labourer) Pressing people for carrying burthens.
IDHARDHo, Thug. A river.
D HAR-DHURA, H. (9;e9be) The boundary formed by a
stream. (From dhdr or dhdrd, a stream, and dhura, a
boundary).
DHARE-BANDI, Mar. (धारेबन्द्)ि (Land) held on condition
of paying a part of the produce : settling the portion to
be given.
D'HARE-BHSAN, Mar. (धारेष्टहसान, from P. ७५५-l, easy,
light) A mitigated assessment, a stipulation fawourable
to the cultivators.
Dhare-clisdn{, Mar. (धारेटहसानी) Land lightly assessed.
Zohdre-mdjp, Mar. (from माप, measure) The measure by
which the government share is received in kind.
DHAEf, DHUREE, H. (.37ee) A measure of five sdrs.
DHARicHA, H. (५ञ्ं,००) The second husband of a widow,
among the lower classes of the Hindus.
DHARINGA, H. (Uं,ंo2) A kind of rice (Rohilkhand).
D'HARMA, more correctly, IDHARMMA, but in practice com
monly dropping the second m, S., used in all dialects,
but commonly corrupted to IDHARM or D'HARAM, DHURM,
DHURUM, incorrectly, IDURUM, (S. धम्मै, from धृ, to hold,
187
DHA
that which keeps man in the right path) Law, virtue,
legal or moral duty.
JDharmddhihdr, or hdir{, S. &c. (from अधिकार, who
presides over) A judge, a magistrate : a superior ower
Brahmans invested with power to investigate and chastise
breaches of custom, violations of caste, and the like.
Dharnddhiharana, S. (from संधिकरण, superintendence)
A court of justice. The duty of a magistrate or judge.
Dharma-ddma, or Dharmaddyam, S. &c., vernacularly,
Dharmaddo, corruptly, JDhurmadom’, (from दान or दाय,
donation) An endowment, grant of food, or lands, or
funds, for religious or charitable purposes.
JDharma, or Dharm-dds, S. &c. (from दास, a slave) An
attendant upon a temple. _
JDharma-kartta, S. &c. (from कर्नैी, who makes) A.judge,
a magistrate. In the South of India, the manager of a
temple, and appropriator of the benefits derived from it.
JDharma-hdrya, S. &c. (from कायै, an act) Any good or
pious work, building a temple, digging a tank, &c.
JDharma-khateg, Mar. (धम्मैखानं, from P. ५5-, a writing)
The head of accounts under which pious or charitable
gifts are entered.
Dharmma-kilam, Mal. (Co22a*lea०) A jurisdiction, a
district under the same legal administration.
Dharma-patna, S. &c. (from पानी, a wife) A wife who
has been married according to the legal forms, and is of
the same caste as her husband.
Dharma-patra, or Dharma-patra, S. (from पच, a leaf) A
deed of gift or endowment for religious or pious purposes.
Dharma-poi, or -porcai, Mar. (धम्मैपीडॆ, -पोवई) Giving water
and food to wayfarers or paupers. A booth or shed where
they are given.
Dharma-putra, S. &c. (from पुच, a son) A legitimate or
adopted son, a person appointed by a widow or by the
caste of one deceased to act as a Son in performing the
obseguial ceremonies : as applied to Europeans, it sig
nifies god-son; as Dharm-pitd, or Dharm-bdp, or Dharm
md, signify godfather or godmother.
Dharmdrth, S. &c. (from स्मयै, object) Any thing given
for charitable or pious purposes.
JDharma, or Dharm-sala, S. &c. (from शाला, a hall) A
building for any legal or pious purpose, as a court of
justice, a place where religious persons assemble, a place
of accommodation for travellers and pilgrims, or for the
poor and sick, a Serdi, an hospital, a monastery, a temple.
2 N
 IDHA
" JDharma-sabhai, S. &c. (from सभा, an assembly) The
word has much the same meanings as the preceding ; but
im Bengal it applies to an association of influential
Hindus, to uphold their religion.
-Dharma-gdstra, S. (from शास्त्रं, a scripture) A work on
the whole body, or on particular Subjects of Hindu law.
The collective writings of the Hindus on thgir laws and
institutions. The Hindu code.
JDharm८tdr, more properly, perhaps, JDharmottar, H.
9५७,*e) A charitable grant, an endowment.
JDharmdicatdr, S. &c. (from अवतारः, descent from heaven,
incarnation) A term addressed by Hindus to a respectable
person, sometimes in the way of flattery to Europeans.
Dharmopadh/4ya, or Dharmopddh/4/ilia, S (from
डपाध्याय:, a teacher) A Brāhman supposed to be ac
guainted with the law, and exercising in some places in
the Maratha country the functions of censor and judge of
offences against the laws, especially of caste, and receiving
perGuisites and fees in that capacity
IDHARNA, or D'HARNE, H., IBen., Mar., &c. (9be, श्रद्भनi,
धरणे, from the S. धरणं) Sitting at the door of a
house or tent, to compel payment of a debt due by a
debtor, or of arrears owing by a public officer or prince.
The person so sitting observes a strict fast, and as long
as he so sits the person from whom he demands payment
is obliged to fast also, and abstain from his usual occu
pations and amusements; as, if the Suitor were to perish,
the conseguences of the sin would fall upon him. Originally
the person sitting in IDharnft was necessarily a Brithman,
either on his own behalf or that of another, and the sin
of Brāhmanicide would be incurred by his death. The
practice is not restricted to Brahmans ; but is altogether
obsolete in the Company's prowinces, hawing been made a
punishable offence by Ben. Reg. wii. 1820. In some parts
of the south of India a similar ` practice is observed, to
extort a boon, or the promise of one, from an idol, by
sitting permanently at the door of a temple until the
attendant priests assure the person his desire will be
granted. Dharme, in Mar., also means an armed party
sent to seiZe an offender.
IDHARoHAR, H. 9s9*e, from Dharnd, to place) A deposit,
an instalment.
DHAROHAR, Thug. Strangling.
ID'HARTA, H. ( ं,*e) IDiscount and commission. Increase
of demand upon land : also, an item of account usual
188
IDHE
with bankers, in addition to a Sum actually lent, gene
rally about three per cent. (Sāgar).
DHARTi, H. (८3,ंee, from S. धरित्री) The earth, land, soil.
D'HARwAI, H. (.sb9be) The village officer or accountant
who weighs grain. (From JDhari, a weight of five s6rs,
which is considered his perguisite at the harvest).
IDHAsANr, Ben. (छञ्जीनि) Falling in of the banks of a pond
or river.
DHAsAN, DHUSAN, DHASAo, D'HASAM, H. ( ७५~Pe, &c.) A
swamp, a guagmire. (From Dhasnd, ५.Po, to sink).
ID HATU RA, H. &c. ()xse, S. भुस्तुर) A plant (Datura
fastuosa), the seeds of which have strong narcotic pro
perties, and are often given with sweetmeats, to stupify
previous to robbery.
IDHATA, S. &c. (धाता) The tenth year of the cycle.
DHATRAR, Hindi (धातकण) A pound or pen for cattle, or
the rails of it (Puraniya).
ID HAUL, or D'HAUR, H. (J;Pe, Ayoo) A kind of sugar-cane
(Rohilkhand).
IDHAULANI, Thug. One of the sects of the Thugs.
DHAU, Mar. (ढीळ) An official paper, sealed and signed
ready to have the blanks in it filled up when reguired.
DHAURi, H. (.39;oe, for Adhauri, a half) A bull's hide
cut in two pieces (Dehli).
DHAwA, Hindi (धवा) The best kind of grass for thatching.
IDHAwAR, Mar. (धावड) Name of a tribe, Smelters of iron.
DHE, H. ( o, ढे) A chief but recent subdivision of the
Jat tribe in the north-west provinces.
DHELA, or IDELA, H. ('Ap5, ढेला, डेला) A clod of earth :
also a Small piece of clay made into a pellet, and cast at
birds from a sling, by a person stationed to protect the crop.
DHEN, H. &c. (Jºse, S. धेनु:) A milch cow.
DHENKA, or Dri ENKi, H., Ben. (ंbe, J***ं, ८थ*दी)
A kind of pestle or pedal projecting from the end of a
lever, one end of which being pressed down by a weight,
or by the foot, the other falls of its own weight when
the pressure is withdrawn. It is used to clean rice or
tobacco, to pound brick-dust, &c.
DHENKAyA, Ben. (८*[*कपl) A debtor, a creditor.
DHENKLi, II. (._ACAs3, ढंकली) A machine for raising
water, a horiZontal lever resting on an upright, having a
weight at one end and a string pulled by a man with a
bucket or water-jar attached to it at the other. The word
is provincially corrupted into DHEKLI, DHURLI, ID'HIRLi,
and D'HEOKAL•
 DHE
DHELi, Mar. (ढेली) Having the impression worm ; a coin.
D'HENRI, H. (.9५*ं) A seed vessel, a capsule.
D'HEPA, Hindi (ढेपा) DHEP, or D'HEN P, Mar. (ढेप, ढप) A
clod of earth, any large lump. Arable land. A piece of
ground assessed in the lump, or according to the guantity of
grain it is estimated to yield, without reference to its area.
Dheappdhani, Mar. (ढंपपाहणी) Inspection or survey of
arable land.
D'HEPALi, Mar. (ढेपाली) A hole in the ground into which
the boiled juice of the sugar-cane is poured to harden and
form into lumps.
DHER, or DHE), corruptly, DHAIR, DHEvR, Mar. (धेडं) considered offShoots of the Mallas or Boatmen.
D'HERH, H. (ढेढ) DHEDA, DHED, or DHER, Gu2. TOHIMATU, Tel. (६०$oॐ७ ) A notice, a memorandum, a
(टS T४२) A man of a low caste, employed as a watch
*
document given before a lease is finally granted, a private
man and messenger in the willage establishments. In the
IDahkin especially, commonly but incorrectly identified
with the Mahār, and properly a worker in leather and
hides. In some places he performs the duty of scaven
ger. In the Sāgar territory the Dher’s eat dead animals,
clean the skins, and sell them to the Cham4rs. In Ka
nara, they are labourers on the soil, and in a very large
proportion are slaves, the property of individuals, Saleable
with or without the land on which they work: they are
very mumerous, and are distinguished into twelve sub
divisions, who do not intermarry. They are rare in the
north-west provinces.
-Dherrcdro, Gu2. (४ऽ०utऽu) A place set apart for the
huts of the Dhers.
DHER, or D'HERf, H. 9**9, -9*ं) A heap, a parcel. In
the upper provinces, a piece or Share of landed property
in a joint-tenancy willage, a subdivision of a Patti, or a
Taraf In the Upper Doab, 7)herं is applied to a sharer,
especially in landed property, one who has a lot or heap.
-Dheriddr, H. The holder of a Dherं, or subdivision of
joint-tenancy lands.
DHERA, Ben. (८छङ्गl) A mark made by a person who can
not write.
ID'HERI, Thug. A sarai, a village.
DHi, or DHiH, Hindi (धी, धीह) The site of a village, |।
whether occupied or deserted (Puraniya).
-Dh{auri, Hindi (धीस्रीणी) Ground-rent for the land on
which the houses stand of those who do not cultivate
willage lands.
42/ {84a, Hindi (धीशास्र) Lands on the site of a deserted
willage; much valued. _ Ben. Reg. xxii. I70ं, cl. 82.
189
DHI
DHi, D'HEE, H. (..sp) The high bank of a river (Sāgar).
_ JDhihd, IDhee/hd, H. (५:Gop) Rising ground, mounds, Also
JD%ha.
D'Hf KADI, GuZ. (gl%ऽl) A contrivance for drawing water
from the bed of a river.
DHILKA, Thug. A paisa.
IDHIMA, Thug. The belly. IDahkini Thug. Goats or
sheep.
DHiMAR, H. 9*५:००, S. Dhioara, धीवरः) A fisherman by
caste and occupation. They are, properly speaking, a
branch of the Kahār or Bearer caste, but are sometimes
agreement. (Probably a vernacular form and local nse of
JDimmat, G. w.)
DHINGA, or DHINKA, H. (UKioo, ७-Joo) A small kind of
rake or pitchfork with curved prongs.
IDHINGAR, (?) Ben. An agricultural slave (Puraniya).
IDHfNKHAR, H. 9ंbe) A bundle of thorns tied together
and drawn by bullocks, either as a harrow, or to beat
out ears of corn.
DHIRHOR, H. 9999) A tribe of inferior Ahfrs in Benares
and Gorakhpur.
DHfRNA, Thug. The belly.
DHoAr, Ben. (८थञ्शिीघ्रे) Alluvial soil ः what has been washed
down by the rains.
ID HOBf, H. (.**e) A washermam in general. The washer
man of a village. As forming a caste, various sub
divisions are recognised, which do not eat, drink, or marry
together. There are seven such in the north-west pro
vinces, but they differ, or are at least differently named
in different provinces.
JDhobi-lardi, (perhaps for kar, every, din, a day) Mar. (?)
A right of having a garment washed daily by the willage
washerman claimed by the Paitil.
| DHof, H. (५*५, from 9be, to wash) lit. Washings, ap
plied in the opium department to refuse opium. Soaked
pulse, a mash. In Cuttack, (Gell3.) Inundation.
। D'HOKA, H. (४%*e) A grain measure, edual to five dabfds
| of the kharif crop. Ten dhokas make a bgjh, or load.
। D'HoKA, or I)HUKA, ID'HooKA, H. (A%*ं) Small stones, of
irregular Shape and inferior guality, allowed to be ex
tracted from the Chunar guarries by poor people for Sale
 DHO ID'HU

DHoKAR, Thug. A dog. A man who seiZes Thugs. four feet high, and placed round the limits of each town
IDHOKHA, H. (५%ंee) A scarecrow. ship at the distance of about 200 yards from each other
DHOLAi, or DHOLAN, Ben. Uriya (८छांलांश् , ८छीलांन, but DHUH, D'HooH, H. (४)*ं) Elewated ground in the midst of
vernacular corruption of H. ७bं, S. दोलनं, swinging) ravines (Central IDoab).
Transport of goods, transit ; or the charge for conveyance D'HU HA, IDHOOHA, H. (५yoe) A scarecrow. See also JDhudi.

from one place to another. D'HUKLI, D'HooKLEE, H. ( c) A machine for raising

DHOLIA, Thug. An old woman. water. See JDhemkli.
D'HONCHA, H. (५े,*e) Four-and-a-half: a term used in DHUL, Ben. (शूल) A measure of land, a kdtd, or the 20th
tables of the multiplication of fractions used by the native of a bijhd.
Surveyors in reducing their linear measurements to bijhas. DHU Lf DHOwA, H. (५;*५A*e) A washer of refuse or dust.

The several terms are thus specified by Mr. Elliot : (From the S. भुली, dust),
JDeorhd, (डेवढा)=l ं; Dham4, (धमा)=2ं; Hontd, (होटैो) JDhuligutta, Tel. (ं७9x० ॐ,) A rent lewied on a field

=8र्ष्टः Dhonchd,=4रृ; Ponchd, (पोवा)=छेर्दृ; Khonchd, before any seed is sown, a dust rent.
(खोवा)=6र्दृ; Satonchd, (सतोवा)=7रृ. The siZe of the 7Ohttlbdph, Mar. (धूळ्बाफ) Sowing grain in the dust, i. e.
fields seldom reduires the specification to proceed further. before the rains have begun, or immediately afterwards,

DHoNDAL, Mar. (धोडाळ्, from धोडॆा, a stone) Stony, abound before the ground is moist.
ing with stones : applied to one kind of black soil, that DHUNDI, D'HooNDEB, H. (.*ं) The pod of gram,
which has stones in it, and which is therefore more re Cicer arietinum (Benares),
tentive of water, and is the most esteemed for crops de D'HUNIA, H. (५Gube) A cotton comber or carder.

pending on the rains for irrigation. DHUNKA, or DHUNRA, H. (ं,oe, )Ayee, from oxe, smoke)
DHoNDA, DHospi, H. (loं;be, .sं;०e) A grass that The chimney of a sugar-cane mill.
grows in rice fields, and sometimes chokes the crop. IDHUPA, S. &c. (धूप:) Incense, the vapours of any fragrant
DHONDH, H. (४ं,*ं) A capsule, a seed vessel, especially gum or resin burnt slowly
of the poppy, cotton, or gram. DHt R, D'HooR, H. (2*e) A measure of land, the twentieth
DHONKf, Thug. A policeman or guard. of a bismud. _

DHOPA, Ben. (८५i*fl) A washerman. Dhairh{, ( । *9be) The twentieth part of a dhair.
DHoR, Mar. Gu2. (ढोर) The general name of horned cattle, DHURA, D'H0oRA, H. (४,००) or DHt RA, Mar. (?) A
or bulls, cows, and buffaloes. A man of a low caste, a boundary, the border or limits of a village.
worker in leather. (Another form, perhaps, of JDhep). JDhuri/d, (?) H. A ploughman who works two days on
JDhormcero, GuZ. (ंठt२१२.u) A tax on cattle. the field of one who hires him, and one on his own
D'HORA, H. (9*ं) An insect very destructive to the Cicer (Bahar).
arietinum. A mound of earth raised by the side of a DHURRAT, H. (५-%9:oe) An advance of rent paid by the
ditch. cultivators to the Zamindars in the months of Jyeshth
DHOTAR, Hindi (धोटर) Cultivation carried on by plough and Asharh (Benares),
men from a distant willage, finding their own ploughs and DHURPHopyA, Mar. (धुरफोडघा) A guarryman, a stone
bullocks, and erecting a temporary residence (Puraniya). breaker by caste and occupation.
IDHRU wA, S. ( भुव:) The north pole: thence, fixed, stationary, DHUs, DHoos, H. (U~:o2) A kind of soil of mixed guality.
(in general). Sloping ground. Sterile sandy eminences.
JDhruca-kaculu, Tel. (७ं9ॐं) 99) A permanent lease. DHwARi, Mar. (ध्वाडी) The brother’s daughter of a man,
JDhruca-pairu, Tel. (Gं92व्9ंC) Garden produce, per the husband’s brother’s daughter of a woman.
manent crop. A tax levied on garden trees after a due DHWAN, H. (S. ध्यान) Religious meditation ; meditating on
period of their plantation. a divinity so as to perceive him with his attributes
DHUANSA, Thug. Dry tobacco. mentally.
D'HUA, or D'HUHA, DHooA, DHooHA, H. (';re, ५syso) A JDI, or DIHi, IBen. (जि, जिरी) A district composed of a few
mound of earth raised as a boundary, most usually about villages.
140
 DIA
Dibandi, or Dihibanai, Ben. (जिद॰निी, जिरीद*ी) Settle- |
ment of the revenue of a small district.
DfARA, or DiwARA, corruptly, IDi RA, and DEwRw, H.
( ',५०, '9}}e) Alluvium, an island formed in the bed of
a river, land gained by recession of a river.
DIBBA, or DIBBA-BHUMI, Tel. (० ं, ०ंणं२०, from
S. भूमि, land) High land, a height.
DIBBr, Ben. (निहि, from S. fदव्य) An oath, an ordeal.
DIBf, Hindi (डिबी) The germ in seeds.
DIBrwA, Hindi (डिबिया) A small portion of grain given
at harvest to some of the inferior village servants.
DiCHHIT, DEECH HIT, a vermacular corruption for DiKSHiTA,
H. (e-4ञ्'e, S. दीfझत, initiated) A name most appro
priately given to Brāhmans, and the title of one of the
sixeen branches of the Kanojia Brahmans ः it is also
borne by some families of Maratha Brithmans; and in
GhaZipur and adjacent provinces by a tribe of Rājputs.
See also Di/k/hit.
Df DAH wA DANISTAH, H. (P. the past part. ४.Age, having
seen, and ं…le, having known) Wilfully, purposelyः ap
pliedto committing anyoffencedeliberately andintentionally.
IDi DAR, H. (P. ु'***, दीदार) An overseer, an inspector,
an officer formerly employed in that capacity in the Com
pany's factories. An overseer, a person stationed by the
owner of a village over the ripe crops, to see that the
whole is brought to the threshing-floor : he remains in
charge till the Ryots have paid their rents, or the owner
is satisfied by the sale of the grain. In this latter sense
it is more correctly, perhaps, JDiliddr, ५. w.
JDiddr-lkharch, H. (A. Gः)*-, expense) The charge of
maintaining an owerseer.
IDIDHISHU, IDIDHISHU, or DIDHisHU, S. &c. (दिधिषुः, -पूः,
or दिधीषुः) (when a masc. noun) The husband of a woman
married a second time ; (when fem.) A wirgin widow re
married : an elder sister unmarried, whose junior is a
bride : the childless widow of a brother whom, under
the old law, a surviving brother was reguired to marry.
Df D, or DipH, Mar. (दीड, दीढ, also, with the vowel short,
दिड, &c., vernacular forms of H. Derh, डेढ, 9ं) One
and-a-half
JDidhākddhā, Mar. (fदढीकाढी) Advance of grain by the
grain-dealers to the cultivators, on condition of receiving
back half as much more at the harvest.
JDidhotard, incorrectly, Deedotrd, Mar. (दिढीतरा) Interest
at one-and-a-half per cent. per mensem.
141
IDIOG
JDirki, Mar. (fदडकी) A piece of money, a dagdni and a
half *
DIG, or DIK, also DIS, or DISA, incorrectly, DEESHA, H.
&c. (e-fo, S. दिश, nom. दिक्, or दिग्) A guarter or
division of the horiZon, of which ten are enumerated;
the cardinal and intermediate points, the Zenith and
nadir.
DIGAMBARA, S. (दिगखरः, lit. sky-clad) A mendicant going
about naked. A division of the Jains, the members of
which either go naked or wear coloured clothes, in op
position to the Swetitmbaras, or those who wear white.
DioAR-RAkM, Hindi (P. ु**e, another, A “9x sort) Any
kind of crop: a term used in leases (Puraniya).
DiGH, Hiadi (दीघ, S. दीधै, long) A pace, two cubits
(Puraniya).
DIGHi, corruptly, IDIGGw, H. &c. (७**, from the S. dirgha,
दीघै, long) Dionf, Didi, IBen.(नीी, लीगी) A long or
large tank or pond.
DIGRI, or DIKRI, Ben. Uriya (a corruption of the English
word decree) Decision, judgment, sentence, especially
that in fawour of ome of the parties.
DiGuyrATr, Tel. (०7०299) Importation, landing goods
from on board ship.
IDIGwAR, corruptly, IDEGwAR, and DEEGwAR, H. &c.
9;*e, from c3-fe, a guarter) A watchman, a guard, espe
cially one employed by the Zamindars in the Jangal
Mahāls: lit. a protector of the regions.
IDIH, IDEH, not unfreguently pronounced, and sometimes written
with the hard d, IDrH, P. (so, ४d) A village, com
prehending not only the actual willage, but the lands be
longing to it. Mr. Elliot observes, that, in the Lower
IDoab and Benares, JDil or Deel is applied to a deserted.
willage, and the Persian Deh is used for an inhabited
one ; but Richardson and Shakespear both write the word
JDil for a village in general.
JDih, Deeh, H. Land of the best guality (Balia)
JDihat, Dehdit, corruptly, JDe/hat, H. (e“-'se, being an
Arabic plural to a Persian noun) Willages collectively,
as opposed to towns : any cluster of villages, especially
when belonging to the same proprietors.
JD%hdta, Dehatt?, H. (.jee) Belonging or relating to
willages or a willage.
JDihaitā-jamd, H. (A. e*+} Willage assessment, revenue
assessed upon any number of willages forming a local
division.
2 O
 DIH
JDihdtā-istamrdr, H. (from A. ))*~', continuance, per
petuity) Willages held at a fixed or permanent rent.
JDih-bandi, or Deh-bandi, H. (.४A५ ४e) A detailed state
ment of the willages in any particular district or estate,
and of the revenue assessed on each ; Such statements
were to have been prepared by the Kanungos at the time
of the decennial settlement, and deposited in the collectors’
offices: also, the rate at which a Ryot holds his lands.
JDih-da, H. &c. (Dih, a village, and द, the letter d) An
abbreviation used by native surveyors, implying that cer
tain lands, passed ower for the time when taking note of
the measurement, lie to the south, or dakshiad, of lands
actually measured. Similar abbrewiations are used for
the other cardinal bearings ; as, JDih-u, for uttara, north ;
JDih-pa, for paschima,west ; and Dil-paं, for patrga, east ;
the first syllable of each being substituted for the whole
word. In Bengal the terms are Denda, Dempa, &c., g. w.
Dih-ddr, H. (Dih, a village, and )'e, who has, or the
word is written Didar from P. ७५ex to see, ५. w) A
revenue officer, the willage overseer or Superintendant on
the part of the landholder or the state, whose duty it is
to exercise a Superintendence ower the willage cultivation,
so that the Zamindar or government may not Suffer de
triment by negligence or fraud ; he is also to see that the
lands are properly distributed, the village boundaries pre
served, and to assist in effecting the collections. It is
said to mean, also, a person having a prescriptive right
of occupancy, who cultivates at a fixed rate (?) (Bahar).
-Dih-ddri, H. The office of the willage keeper or super
intendant. The pay or fees of the Dih-ddr. A Special
assessment (in Bhagalpur) formerly, to prowide for the
pay of this officer, who was more usually paid by fees
from the Ryots. _
JDihddr-kharch, H. Expense of the employment of a village
owerseer. _ charge or keeping of any thing or person.
Dihi, H. ( …*e) Willage, belonging or relating to a village,
a willager, willage cultivator, &c.
Dihi, IBen. (ख्रीि) A district containing a few villages,
Subdivision or minor portion of an estate. (Dr. Carey
derives this from Dis or Dih', a guarter ; but (?) if Dih,
a village, is not allowable in Bengali, although not in his
Dictionary, nor in that of Ram-kamal Sen, under the
word village).
Dihā-bandi, Bon. (जिञ्शैीदन्ली) Regulation or assessment
of the revenue of a Small district.
See Dih-bandi.
142
DIH
JDih-jama, H. The revenue assessment of a village.
JDih-jhdda, Mar. (?) A general list of villages.
JDih-hdsht, H. A resident willager. JDil-katsht-2amin,
]
H. Land cultivated by a resident.
JDil-kharch, corruptly, Del Curch, H. Willage expenses.
An assessment on a village for its guota of the charges
of settlement and collection.
Dih-mºdl, less correctly, JDeehmcal and Delingal, H. A pro
prietary cultivator, whether paying his revenue direct to the
government,or.through a landholder of greater conseguence.
DfHA, DEEHA, H. (५ad) A small mound.
JDiha, or Dihi, Uriya (६६) Land raised for the site of
a dwelling, ground on which a house is situated.
DIHULA, H. (Ayoe) A kind of rice grown in the Benares
district.
DrKHIT, or DiKHIT, H. (c“- ंe, c“~~ंe) A tribe of
Rājputs settled in some numbers from Oudh to Bun
delkhand. The name is probably the same with Dichhit
and D%kshit. See the former.
DrKIti,or Drofti, H. B. (.9*p, जि?ईी , Eng., Decree) Award
of a judge in favour of one of the litigants. *
JDikriddr, H. (P. )le, who has) The person in whose
favour Sentence has been given.
Df KSHA, S., and in most dialects, (दीघा) Religious in
struction, the performance of certain ceremonies before
receiving the mantra, or Secret prayer, from a spiritual
preceptor : sacrificial worship in general.
DIL, H. (Je) A small eminence, the site of an old village.
DryrMAT, Mar. (दिम्मतं, from the A. ँe) Trust, charge,
management, custody. Temporary order or agreement _
for a person's taking possession of property transferred
before the official documents are finally granted. See
JDhimatu.
JDimmat-ddr, Mar. (from P. )le, who has) One who has
DiMRAUT, H. ( G-9।A५e) One of the twelve tribes of the
Mewatis.
IDINA, S., and in most dialects, Sometimes wernacularly
shortened to IDIN, (fदन:) A day.
JDina-kaili, Karn. (b.ऽ ँऽog)) IDaily wages or hure.
JDina-thill, Uriya (3१००) Total of daily measurement
of land, or collection of revenue.
JDindtā, Hindi (दिनाती) Time of a plough's working,
usually from 10 A.M. to an hour before sunset : also, daily
work of labourers (Puraniya).
 IDIN
IDi N, H. (A. ७29) Religion, faith, especially the Moham- ।
madan religion.
Di N, H. (J१e, S. स्रधीन, a dependant) Poor, dependent.
-Din-dayal, H. (from S. दयालु, compassionate) Benefactor
of the poor, a term of respectful address from an inferior
to a superior.
DfNAR, A. 9७५e) A coin, a Silver coin weighing Seven, or,
according to some, ten drachms : also, a gold coin, espe
cially in the compound Dindr-i-surkh, or red dindr. In
the south of India (०९जडँ) Any current gold coin.
DiNDAR, Hindi (डींडर्) An earthen vessel for drawing water
from a well.
DINGA, Ben. (ङि**fi) A ship, a sloop, a vessel employed in
the coasting trade.
JDinji, Ben. (जि१?ी) A boat, a wherry, a passage boat.
DiPA, S. and in all the dialects, also sometimes modified, as
H. Diं, Mar. DiwA, Karn. DiwIGE, but the M. has also
JDipa and in Tam. and Tel. the word is pure S., or
JDipam, (दीपं) A lamp, a lamp burning before an idol. |
JDipaila, or Dip4cali, S. (दीप, a lamp, and स्रालि, or
पावली, a row or line) A festival observed by the Hin
dus in honour of Kartikeya, on the new moon of the
month Katrtik, Sept.-Oct., when lamps are lighted in
honour of him. It is popularly known by the name |
JDirudli, but under that appellation is addressed to a dif- |
ferent object, and has undergone popular modifications. |
See D%nºdli.
_Dipamdld, S. (from माला, a garland) A row of lights.
A festival of the Sikhs, observed on the I4th of the |
dark half of Kartik. Also vernacularly, Dipind!, Mar.,
(दीपमाळ्) A pillar in front of a temple on which lamps are
suspended.
JDipdraidhana, Tel. (b.०॰ठा' ं,७, from S. साराधनं, wor
shipping) Offering a lamp to an idol, worshipping an
idol by waving a lighted lamp before it: also, in Mysore,
setting fire to a cloth steeped in butter or oil, and sus
pended to the gate of a temple on the lāth night of the
month Kartik.
JDipacdrape, Mar. (from वारणे , to revolve) Waving a
lamp before an idol, an act of worship.
JDipddn, II. (७':५०, from S. दीप, a lamp, and दानं, giving)
Offering of a lamp to an idol. A particular popular cere
Inony, suspending a lamp to a tree for ten days after the
death of a relation, in order to light the spirit on its
way to Wamapuri, the city of Wama, the judge of the |
143
IDIR
dead. Presenting a lamp to the Ganges, setting it afloat
on the river lighted, and watching for its extinction, as
ominous of good or ill luck. Also (derived from Dip,
abbreviation of Drcip, S. डीप, an island,) Land assigned
to Brahmans on the bank of a river, to deprecate its
encroachment.
Di RA, Hindi (दीणा) Fresh lands thrown up by the shifting
of the courses of rivers.
DIRM, or DIRHAM, H. (A. px-' F%e) A silver coin, usually
weighing from 45 to g0 grains, rather heavier than an
English sixpence. As a weight, d dirham is considered
to be edual to 8ं ?adshas, or 46ठैः grains. The dirm i५
also sometimes distinguished from the dirham, the latter
being edual to ten of the former.
DITTHwAN, H. ( ७;#9. a vernacular corruption of S. De
tiottludna, ५. v.) A Hindu festival on the eleventh lunation
of the light half of Kartik, on which Wishnu is awakened
with music and singing from his four months’ slumber,
constituting the rainy season : marriages and festive re
joicings, which have been but few during the interval,
are now resumed : and on this occasion the cutting of the
Sugar-cane is commenced by the cultivators bringing home
a small guantity from a corner of the field, and spread
ing it out for the reception of the Sfilagrfim-stone, or
Ammonite type of Wishnu : after this only, when the for
tunate houris announced, the sugar-cane harvest commences.
| DrTTAM U, Tel. (eं००) Arrangement, Settlement, esti
mated aggregate of the rewenue of a willage from inves
tigation of each several holding.
DrvARirurTr, Mar. (दिवा, by day, and कीर्त्तेि, repute) A
barber, any one of a low caste. (A barber is not to be
employed nor spoken of at night).
DrvAsA DARwARA, Mar. (दिवसा, S., by day, and दरवडा, at
tack by robbers) Bare-faced extortion by the government,
or officers in authority.
IDIvrTi-INAM, Tel. (०२ं93~Tंoo) Land granted as the
portion of the village torch-bearer. _
DIvyA, S. and in most dialects ; vernacularly changed in
some to Dibya, (दिव्यं, divine) An oath, or, more cor
rectly, an ordeal, various kinds of which were admitted
by the Hindu law. 1. The Tula, or balance, in which
the accused is first weighed against a weight properly
adjusted, and then, after certain ceremonies, is again
weighed ः if he be lighter than before, he is innocent ; if
the same, or heavier, guilty. 2. 40ni, or fire, in which the
 IDIW
accused touches fire or heated metal : ifhis hands are burnt
he is guilty. 8. Jala, water: the accused is to be entirely
immersed while a person runs to a place to which an arrow
has been shot and returms with it: if he then lives he is
pronounced innocent. 4. Wisha : the accused is acduitted
on his swallowing poison with impunity. 6. Kosha:
drinking holy water, that in which images have been bathed,
and meeting with no misfortune for fourteen days after
wards. 6. Taildula: chewinggrains ofrice andejecting them ः
if they are dry, or tinged with blood, the suspected person
is pronounced guilty. 7. Tapta-mashaः taking a mdsha
weight of gold out of a vessel filled with hot butter or oil,
without burning the fingers, is proof of inmocence.
8. Phdla, the ploughshare: holding with impunity a heated
ploughshare,orsimilar blade of steel. 9. JDharmddharma ः
images or drawings of JDharma and Adharma, virtue
and vice, are covered carefully with cow-dung or earth,
and placed privately in a veSSel : the accused draws one
of them, and is declared innocent or guilty accordingly :
this is also termed JDharmdrchd, worship of JDharma.
10. Talasi, holding the leaves of the Tulasi plant, which
is sacred to Wishatt, and some water, and, after repeating
the form of the oath, swallowing them. Some of these
forms of ordeal are still in use among native states, and
that of chewing rice is occasionally employed for the de
tection of petty thefts by the police-officers of the British
government. There are other forms also in popular
use, some of which are rather modes of adjuration than or
deals, although the notions are blended ; as, I. Kachcha
ghata or ghard, H. Mar. (from lachcha, raw, unbaked, and
ghata, or dhard, a water vessel) filling an unbaked
earthen vessel with water, and carrying it on the head for
a certain distance without breaking it. Bel-bluanddra,
(५. v.) Swearing by the leaves of the Bel. Gangdjala,
(S. Jala, water) Swearing while holding a cup with the
water of the Ganges, or some sacred stream. Deudla,
or Decdilaya, swearing in a temple before an image.
Gau, holding the tail of a cow ; or IBrdlimam{, touch
ing the feet of a Brahman, while pronouncing an oath.
Simd, or S{mbd, a boundary : in a case of contested
boundaries, a person is selected by both parties, who,
after performing religious ceremonies, walks ower and
points out the proper boundary : if no misfortune befal
him or his family within a given term, his decision is con
sidered final : or sometimes he walks the boundary with an
144
DIW
oil-cake on his head,the falling or breaking ofwhich witiates
his demarcation. These different modes of determining
innocence or guilt, or of giving evidence, are accompanied
with various forms and observances, according to the
Supposed Sanctity, and the importance of the judgment
DrwALA, H. (}}}}e) DrwALES, or DiwALUs, Mar. (दिवाळं,
दिवाल् )DrwALi,Karn.(०व्व्)४९) Bankruptcy, insolvency.
JDimcali/%, very corruptly, JDecaleeo, H. (५)}ंe) A bank
rupt. (This and the preceding are wariously derived from
dipa or dingd, a lamp, because, it is said, it was formerly
the practice to announce the event by placing a piece of
burning cow-dung at the bankrupt’s door, or because it
was customary to announce insolvency at the Dingdlः
festival.
DrwALf, corruptly, IDEEPoULEE, H. &c. (.}}}}e) DEt Li,
Ben. (८ालजैनी) Karn. DiwALiGPioHHA, (Ge३१x००9ं *
from the S. Dipdli, or Dipdicali, g. w.) A popular fes
tival of the Hindus, the feast of lights, held on the two last
days of the dark half of Aswfn and the new moon and four
following days of Kartik (Sept--Oct.). Appropriate cere
monies are allotted to each day, but on the last the night
is to be spent in merry-making and festivity, and illumina
tions are to be made in honour ofdeceased ancestors. The
goddess Lakshm{, or fortune, is also to be worshipped,
and in her honour games of chance are to be played
during the last might of the festival. Amongst the Ma
rathas it is the commencement of the commercial year,
ower which Lakshm? especially presides, and accounts are
opened by merchants and bankers with individuals for
the smallest sums—a few rupees-as ominous of success.
Bankruptcies are also declared at this season. In Bengal
the lower orders of the Mohammadans, in imitation of the
Hindus, also offer lamps at this time to the spirits of _
the dead.
DiwAN, incorrectly, IDEwAN, DEEwAN, DrvAN, H. &c. (P.
J}ंe)ः in thedialects the i is short,as DrBAN, Bon.(निदान)
DrwAN, Mar (दिवाण) A royal court, a council of state, a tri
bunalofrevenue orjustice. A minister,a chiefofficer of state.
Under the Mohammadan government it was especially ap
plied to the head financial minister, whether of the state
or of a province, being charged, in the latter, with the
collection of the revenue, the remittance of it to the
imperial treasury, and invested with extensive judicial
powers in all ciwil and financial causes. Under the
Maratha gowernment the Dimrdm was the chief minister
 IDIW
after the Pradhdn. The title also denoted the head officer
of any revenue or financial department, as the JDindn of
the mint, of the jewel office, and the like ; in which sense
it is retained under the British goverment, as the Dindn
of the mint, of the bank, of the salt-agency, and, formerly,
of a collectorate, and is even applied to the managers of
Zamindārts for native proprietors, and to native servants
intrusted with the management of the financial interests of
a house of business, or of amy responsible individual. The
title of Dincdin, or office of Dingdm{, eduiwalent to the
right of collecting the whole revenues of Bengal, Bahar,
and Orissa, was conferred upon the East-India Company
by the nominal emperor of Hindustan, Shah Afilam, in
I765. The word also signifies a record or account book ;
and, in Mohammadan law, the bags in which the Kagi's
records are kept.
JDindnं, incorrectly, Deroami, and, corruptly, Demanny, H.
(A. ८.3'*ं) adj., Of or relating to a Diwfin, civil, as
opposed to criminal. subst., The office, jurisdiction,
_ _
emoluments, &c., of a Diwan. The right to receive the
collections of Bengal, IBahar, and Orissa, conferred on the
East-India Company by the titular Moghul. It is used
also in the early reports for the territory of which the
revenue was receivable under the grant in Bengal.
JDimedn-dene or dhdrd, Mar. (from देण, to give, or धारा,
fixed rate) Any tax or assessment.
JDancān-ju*, H. Gº-, a little) A sub- or deputy-steward, or
finance officer.
Dinrdn-khdna, H. (from H. 4ं5-, a house) The court or
office of the Dingdn : a court of civil or revenue juris
diction : a hall of audience.
7oimrdn-khdsji, Mar. (खासजी) The chief finance minister
of the Peshwa.
JDincdin-kal, H. (A. c)४, all) The head steward or finance
officer.
JDinc4n-patti, Mar. (from पट्टी, a pecuniary collection)
Government assessment
Dinani-1dalat, corruptly, JDemrammy Adan:lut, H. (from
७~J'Ae, a tribunal) The court of civil and revenue ju
risdiction. See 4ddlat.
Dircan--Aal4, (from A.JAe', most eminent) Prime minister.
Dindn--Aim, H. (from A. •५ । all or common persons)
A public court, or general audience chamber.
JDingdn-ā-khds, H. (from A. ००५-, select) Private audience
chamber. A cabinet council.
145
IDIW
JDin'4n-ā-hhdl8a, H. (A. from &८!5-, pure, most eminent)
The accountant-general of the royal revenue.
JDin’tin-i-daftar, H. (JPGe, an office) The account or record
office of the IDfw:tn.
Din’tin1-8anad, H. (from A. AG.५, a grant) A patent or
grant under the authority of the Diwam. A grant of the
office of Diwan. The deed of grant by which the Diwanf
was conferred upon the East-India Company.
Dirdn-f-tan, H. (from P. Jं, the body) The chief financial
minister in attendance on the emperor. The officer charged
with the provision of the emperor’s .personal expenses.
(He is called, in some of the early reports, JDfrodn IBeutal,
which is clearly erroneous, although it may have some
relation to IByay or W/a/ expenditure).
Dindnu, Karn. (०्यव्ऽ9) The head native officer of a
JKachcheri.
DiwAR, DEEwAR, H. ()',५e) The tutelary divinity of a
willage for whom a portion of grain is set apart at each
harvest ; commonly represented by a shapeless stone,
।
although bearing various personal appellations, as, JKa
tesmoari, IIammoat, IBhttm-sen, IIari-Tºdm, &c.
DrvELAwANi, Mar. (दिवेलावणी) Peopling a deserted place :
(lit., causing lamps to be brought).
JDipeldipani chdi kantl, Mar. (A. J;*) A paper granted to set
tlers in deserted places, exempting them from taxes for a
term.
DiwAT, incorrectly, DEwIT, or DEwUT, H. (A. *ंo) The
price of blood, a tax imposed for any act of offence against
the person ः in cases of homicide, payable to the relatives
of the deceased.
JDi/at-mughalago, H. (from A. Al33-०, severe) The heaviest
fine or ienalty for manslaughter that can be imposed
(Mohammadan law).
Do, or, as sometimes modified vernacularly, especially in com
position, IDU, IDoo, H. (Ge, from the S. fड, or nom.
JDual, द्वी, or from the Per. 9e, Du) Two.
JDo-4b, or Da-db, H. ५-';9, from 9e, two, and db, water,
by metonymy, a river) A tract of land lying between two
rivers, which, after running for some distance, unite ; as
the country between the Ganges and Jamuna, known
especially as the Doab : also the districts between the
rivers of the Panjab, as the Jalandhara-Doab, between
the Satlaj and the Beah, &c.
Do-amsa, Hindi (दीच्येंशा) A sort of soil, a light clay
mixed with sand.
'2 P
 DOB
Dobdra, or Diibdrd, H. ७e, and ४9५ or }५, a time) Twice,
two times ; also, twice as much, double.
JD0-kul, or Dal-kul, IBen. (८नोदून, from S. कुल , a bank,
or a family) Both banks of a river. Belonging to both
families-of father and mother, or wife and husband.
Do-tarafa, H. (from -9e, a side) Applied to a suit in
which both parties have been heard.
DoBA, Hindi (डोब) A pond (Puraniya).
DonA, Ben. (८जीवl, from जूव, to sink, properly, immersed)
I,ow and swampy or inundated land.
Dobd.jami, or -jamin, Ben. (from P. ७४-9, land) Swampy
or marshy ground.
JDob4-mair, Hindi (डोबामार) Low lands which lose their
moisture from sand being too near the surface.
JDobdin, IIindi (डोषान) Land situated around and in the
beds of dry ponds (Puraniya).
IDOBE, IDU BE, H. (.299a from do, two, and be, corruption
of Weda) A Brahman who has studied or who teaches
two of the four Wedas. A caste of Brfthmans so termed,
generally ignorant and low persons, and by profession
boxers and wrestlers.
-Dobismut, sometimes abridged vermacularly to Daibsi, or
Doobsee, H. (.3x५ye) An allowance or deduction of
two bismoas out of a biglid, or one-tenth. The right of
the Zamindar in land, as the Mālikftna is in money. A DOHAo, H. (ु५be, perhaps from duh, for ditdh, milk, and.
concession sometimes made by holders of rent-free lands
to the Zamindar, in acknowledgment of his superior or |
proprietary right ; especially, according to Mr. Elliot,
when they are not confident of the walidity of their te
ImU1Te.
A per-centage, 10 per cent., allowed to farmers of ।
the government revenue.
JDocha, H. (**9e) The second reservoir to which water
is thrown up from a pond or river for irrigation.
JDofasld, H. ("~ं,e, दोफसला) Two crops raised on the
same land in one year : the land so cultivated.
JDofasli, H. (cA~ं,9, from se, two, and u)-4ं, harvest)
Wielding two crops in a year (land).
DoppADoRE, Karn. ( &०:३3-०ठै, from &ं, great, old,
and &०ठं, a master) A head-man, the chief authority in
any place, the head of a mercantile firm or bank, &c.
-Doddappa, Doddatamde, Karn. (ं8, 3ं6०ठै,
from &ं, great, old) A father’s elder brother, the hus
band of a mother’s elder sister.
IDoppr, Karn. (&०३) A pound for confining cattle.
IDOGAR, H. 09e) The name of a predatory and pastoral
146
DOG
tribe in the north-west of Hindustam. IDuring the last
century they occupied a considerable tract on the banks of
the Satlaj, and made themselves formidable to the Mo
hammadan government of Dehli. They are Mohammadans
by religion, but claim to be descended from the Chauhan
Rājputs, a claim not admitted by the other converted
Chauhans, who consider, apparently with reason, the Do
gars to have been originally Jats and Gujars, Members
of the race have latterly risen into consideration as former
feudatories of Ranjit Sinh, now acknowledged by the
British as Rajas of Jamu and Kashmir.
IDoGGA, Thug. A pipe for Smoking- An old man.
DoH, Mar. (दोह्) A deep part in a river or tank.
IDOHAf, or IDUHAI, H. (.s७be, from 9e, two, or repeatedly,
and ७५” alas) DAwAHI, GuZ. (९at४t) A word used
as an exclamation in calling out for mercy or redress.
JDohd1-tihdā-karma, To make exclamation twice and thrice,
i. e. importunately.
DOHALi, IDOIILf, or DoHRf, H. (JPse, ८.s,be, दोहली)
Service land, or lands granted rent-free by Zamindars to
village servants, to poor relatives, or religious mendicants.
In some places it is confined to land given to Brfth
mans. The terms are also applied to the perGuisite of
Fakirs at harvest time (Dehli).
more correctly, JDuhao) The Zamindars perguisite of a
certain guantity of milk from the Ryot's cows (North-west
Provinces),
DoHAR, H. (Aye, from 99, two, and P, what takes) The oid
bed of a river (East Oudh). ILand that bears two crops
in a year (Central IDoab).
। DoHAR, Mar. (डीहार) A caste, or individual ofit; a tanner,
or worker in leather
IDoHODIU, GuZ. (ऽtध्tंl१) A copper pice, a Guarter
८८7a८•
DoHRA, H. (!,"ध्99) A sort of ladle for taking the juice of
the sugar-cane out of the boiler.
IDoHUR, IDOHOOR, H. Cºe) A loose sandy sub-soil, which
is apt to give way in sinking a well without masonry
while the water from it is oily and brackish.
Dof PHORyA, Mar. (डोर्ड्, the head, and फोडघा, who breaks)
The name of a Class of Hindu mendicants, who knock
their heads against stones to enforce compliance with their
demands; hence, any importunate petitioner.
Do.i RA, H. (४A-99) A kind of rice.
 DOK DOM

DOKHf, H. (७*9e) A raised mound, indicating the junction dancer, a juggler. (Probably vernacular modifications of
of two boundaries. JDom.)
DoL, H. (J;9) Applied locally to signify the richest black JDomba?’-lingada-ptra kttaik{, Karn. A tax levied on the
soil. (Baitul). cultivators in Mysore in lieu of smaller sums formerly
DoL, Hindi &c. (डोल, A. J;9) A bucket, a leathern bucket । distributed as presents to tumblers and mendicants.
used for drawing up water from a well, or for throwing DoMTIKAR, H. 9keye) A division of Sarwaria Brāhmans.
up water for irrigation. DoN, H. (J99) A fractional division of an estate.
DoKARA, Mar. (दोकडा) A small copper coin, a half pice. D6NE, corruptly Dosv, Tel (०७) A coasting vessel,
JDokaro, Gu2 (a%ऽt) A nominal coin, one hundred of a sloop, usually with one mast.
which are edual to one rupee : the decimal fraction of a DosoA, Tel. (ं'०x) A thief a robber.
rupee. DoNGA, DONGi, IBen &c. (८जi**ti, ८ऊi**ी) A canoe, ome

DoLA, or DoLI, H. &c. (ंbe, .s'* S. दोला, the initial being made of two or three sheaths of the plaintain leaves
vernacularly changed) A swing, a sort of sedan in which fastemed together.
women are carried. A woman of inferior rank married DoNGAR, Mar. (डोगैर) A hill, high ground.
to a man of superior rank: she takes a lower place tham JDonjareg, Mar. (डोगॆरॆ) A sort of coarse rice grown on
a wife of edual station, and is carried home privately, the hills.

without any ceremonial or procession, । JDonjarkolं, Mar. ( डोगरकोळी) A lawless tribe inhabiting
JDoldrca, H. (9ye) Awell having two JDa0s, or well buckets
and ropes.
-Dolcha, H. (ं) A small bucket.
JDol.j4trd, Ben. (८ालोलञ्जोजी, from S. याचा, a festival) The
swing festival, held on the full moon of Phdlijum (March
April), in honour of Krishna, when figures of him and
Rādhā are swung in an ornamented swing.
IDosr,or DoMRA,fem.IDoMNi,corruptly, ID'HOME, H. (*, !~;e,
fem. .*;e) The name of a low caste, apparently one of
the aboriginal races, In Hindustan they are usually by avo
cation makers of ropes, mats, fans, and baskets. In Oudh
the JDom is a sweeper ; and in some places they perform
the lowest offices, as carrying dead bodies and skeletons.
The Dom is oftem a musician, and the female JDommं is
an actress and singer, who performs in the inner apart
ments before the women of the family. There is also
a tribe of Mohammadans termed Dom, better known by
the designation of Mir, or Mirftsf.
। the hilly country.
JDonjarroa!, Mar. (डोगैरवट) Undulating, hilly.
|। DoNi, Hindi (दोनी) Treading out the grain from the straw
by bullocks (Puraniya).
IDON KA, Tel. ( ँ०se) A path between two fields, a pas
sage for cattle.
IDoNwAR, or DUNwAR, H. 9}}}ं) A tribe of Zamindars
of mixed origin, partly Brfthmans, partly Rajputs. They
call themselves Thakurs, but are generally considered
Bhttinhars, Brāhman cultivators. They are numerous in
the districts of Gorakhpur, GhaZipur, and AZimgarh, and
were once sufficiently powerful to establish a Rajship on
the Kosi, in Western Tirhut under Karnadeva.
DOPATTAH, H. (ं9e) IDoPATA, Ben. (८लीश्रीप्रेl, from S.
पट, cloth) DUPATA, DUPATTA, or DUPATEN, Mar.
(हुपटा, &c.) DUPATI, Tel. (ॐ०59ं) A piece of cloth of
two breadths, forming the principal or only garment of
women of the lower orders.

IDoMAr, or Dt MAT, IDoM UT, IDooMUT, H. (G--9-', from 9e, DOPHALI, Uriya (S. मल, fruit, produce) Land bearing two
two and ५* earth, from S. मृत्, दोमट् , दुमद्) A kind crops.

ofsoil chiefly composedofclay andsand,severally JMatidrand DOR, Hindi C}ं, डोड) A tribe of Rajputs, some of whom,
Bhair. In some places it appears to contain a proportion mostly converted to Mohammadanism, are settled in the
of about ौंh of lime. In some districts, as Farakhabad district of Aligarh, also about Banda and Sagar.
and Bareli, it is considered the first ५uality of soilः in IDOR, H. 9e) Land twice ploughed. _ __

others, as in Badaon, the second. por, also DortA and Dorti, II. &c. 99, );े, -99) A
DoMBA, DoMBAR, or DoMBARA, Karn. Doyl MARA, or string, a rope ; also thread. JDort is also applied to the
&०
Doyr MARI, Tel. (C~००६9,
_ ॐ ००९०ॐ
०८9०, ॐ ००ंश००,
6 chain or line used in land measurement ; and, among the
ं,ॐ) Dost BAiti, Mar. (डोबारी) A tumbler, a rope Marathas, to a land measure : a Dort is egual to S0, or
147 ।
 DOR
sometimes l20, biglids. (In Maratha the initial is the
dental d, as दोर्णी. Im Bengali, as in Hindi, the cerebral
८जiर्ही ).
IDORA, Tel. ( ँ४ ) A master, a ruler, a s prince, with the
honorific affix gdiru, Dordgdru.
JDora-gdiru, Tel. (ंऽ' ॐ7षं७) The eduivalent of Mr. or
Sir, applied to Europeans especially. A gentleman.
Do-RAs, Do-RUs, H. (U9o) A kind of mixed soil, con
sisting of the soils known as Matiar and Baluā, clay
and sand, variously estimated as of first or Second guality.
Land yielding two.crops in a year.
IDo-RASTU, Tel. (ँं, from the P. ं…9, grown)
Land yielding a double crop. The double apportionment
of the harvest. The shares of the cultivator and of the
government.
IDORAw U, Tel. ( ँॐं७)) A large well.
IDoRwA, (?) Tel. The native head revenue officer of a dis
trict, the Mukaddam. (The word is probably a modifi
cation of JDora (Warangal).
DoRIA, H. (ं90) ILace. (From `9*, thread).
JDorid, H. (५)ye) Striped muslin. (From the same).
Dorihdr, H. (9५9;e) A pedlar selling laces and thread.
A Saiva mendicant living partly by the sale of thread.
JDorindld, H. (}}}}}e) A ropemaker.
DoRIDENi, Hindi (दोरिदेणी) Measurement of a field after
the crop has grown to estimate the probable produce.
IDOSAD, or IDUSAD, H. (e५.७e) A low caste, employed as
executioners, to remove dead bodies, and the like : em
ployed also in Bengal as willage watchmen and messengers.
IDosAI, or IDOSAHI, H. (५*५~;e, .*५,ं) ILand yielding
two crops a-year.
JDosa?“i, IDosuree, H. (५*9*५%9॥ it were more correctly Do
siri, from सीरं, S. a plough) Ploughing land twice :
the land So ploughed.
Dosdl, H. (P. from 9e, two, and J५०, a year) Applied to
lands that have been two years under cultivation.
DosHA, vernacularly, DosH, Ben., Uriya, Mar. &c. (S. दोष)
Dos, H. (Uxye) Fault, offence, crime.
JDosh{, Ben. &c (S. दोपी) Dos:, H. (.४’se) An offender,
a culprit, a criminal.
IDOSIIAMBA, H. (P.&***99) Monday.
DosrLI, Tel. (ं ॰9) The hands joined together, So as to
hold any thing : what may be so held, a handful. A ?
small guantity of grain granted as a fee or perguisite to
the willage servants at the time of harvest.
148
IDOS
DosiwANIo, GuZ. (ऽt&tle५u७(lvit) A dealer im cloth, a
pedlar of the Banya tribe.
DRAGoMAN, (corruption of Tarjamdn, from A. Tarjama,
&A4-9ं, translation) An interpreter.
DRAwipA, S. (द्राविड) or, the d being pronounced r, DRA
wi RA. The country in which the Tamil language is
spoken : the Coromandel coast from Madras southward :
the country below the Eastern Ghats, to Cape Komorfn.
An inhabitant of the country. A class of Brāhmanical
tribes, called the five Drāvira Brahmans, comprehending
all those of the Peninsula, or Drdoira, Karndita, Te
linga, Gujerata, and Mardtha.
DRAMMA, Mar. (S. द्रम्म) A piece of money egual to I6
panas of kaunris, or l280.
DRAwwA, S., adopted in most dialects, slightly modified, and
met with sometimes barbarously corrupted, as in the
Summary of Hindu Law and Customs, published by order
of the government of Bombay, in which it is always
printed DREww, (द्रव्य) Thing, substance, wealth, pro
perty. It is distinguished as
Sth4cara, or Sthira dratya, Fixed or immoveable pro
perty, property in land, trees, &c.
Asthdicara, Jangama, or Chara dratya, Moveable pro
perty, cattle, money, &c. It is also distinguished as
JK?’amd//ata, descended or ancestral ; Shrdyamarjita, or
JKrita, self-acduired or made ; and 4gantuha, accidental ;
and again as Sddhdrama, common, held in common ;
Asddhdrama, that which is not common, but belongs to
the holder exclusively ; and Wibhakta, divided, partitioned
among separated heirs.
DRrpHA-BoDHA, Ben. (from the S. dridha, दृढ, firm, and
bodha, बोध, understanding) Comviction, judgment. (Uriya)
Presumptive evidence.
DRISHTA, vernacularly, ID RISHT, sometimes corrupted to
IDISHT, (S. दृष्ट) Seen, present, visible.
Drishtadhi, or Drishtabandhak, H. &c. (Sं दृष्ट, with
साधि, or बन्धकं, a pledge) Mortgage or pledge of real
substantial property, that which may be kept in view ;
or, also, that from which, although possession be had, no
profit or benefit is derived. In the west and south of India
it means mortgage or pledge, without giving up possession,
except on failure of payment of the debt for which the
property is pledged.
JDrishti dosha, S. (दृष्टि, the sight, and दोषः, fault) The
influence, or blight of an evil eye.
 DRO DUM

-Drishtdnta, S., but used in some dialects, (दृष्टान्तं) Ex DUBsf, H. ( :ं, from ५:ं, to be immersed) Land
ample, proof precedent. liable to be flooded. See also JDobi8?of.
DRoNA, Ben. (S. ८ºi*t) A measure of capacity, egual to DUDDU, Karn. (ं) DUpt, Mar. (दुहू) A copper coin,
#th of a khdri. (In Chittagong and Sylhet) a land worth twenty kas, Mar., A fourth of a paisa.
measure edual to I6 kdmis. DUDE, (?) A weight egual to the fourth part of a maand
DRoNf, S. &c. (द्रोणी) An oval vessel of wood or stone ; (Madras).
a trough for watering cattle ; a canoe. DUDEKULAwADU, Tel. (ॐऽ-शर्क४७e).Joॐं) Acotton cleaner.
Dt B, DooB, Dt RvA, H. (--9e, S. दूर्वैी) A kind of grass IDU D'HA, H. (५०-99) A sort of rice.

highly esteemed for fodder (Cynodon dactylon). Three IDUDHwATf, Hindi (दुधवती, lit., full of milk) Full of
sorts 'are described : the best, called Paunda, is essen farinaceous matter, ears of corn becoming ripe.
tially the same as Fiorin ; the second, called Khaitia, is DUpl, Tel (ं७०) Cotton after it is cleared from the seed.
smaller, and grows on hard ground ; the third is called DUGAR, H. (AG) A path, a way.
White Daibः or it is distinguished as of two sorts, Ghor’ (exण`ॐ) The dust ofrice in the husk, bran.
DUGARA, Tel.
datb, horse grass, being the best fodder ; and Bam-dab, DUGDHA, H. (bose) A tribe of inferior Brahmans on the
forest grass, of a coarser guality. borders of Fatihpur and Allahabad.
JDaib-mahal, H. (A. Je*) A tax formerly levied on pro DUGGANI, Tel., Karn. (ॐ०?तुं) DUGANI, Mar. (हुगाणी)
widers of fodder or grass cutters (Dacca). A copper coin, worth about ten hds, or a half pice.
Dt BACHAR, H. (from ५;3, immersed, and_*-, an alluvial IDUGLA, H. (A9e) A sling basket of large siZe used for
island) A bank or island in a river, or low alluvial irrigation. _

lands liable to be flooded. DUHf, H. ५.*) Alluvial formations. A mark of village

Dt BAf, H. ५५99. from us;े, to drown) lit., Drowning ; boundaries.

but applied to a bribe which is given absolutely, whether
the briber gain or lose his suit, in distinction to Tarana,
a crossing over, iः e. a bribe which is to be returned if
the suit is lost । DUमृorrARA, or -TitA, Mar. (दुहोत्तर-चा) Interest at two
DC BARA, H. ()५; ँ, from ५; ँ, to be immersed) An island,
or land left in the channel of a river, liable to be flooded
when the water rises, but cultivable in the cold weather
for Spring crops.
DUBARo, GuZ. (दु५ेu) A man of the Bhāl or Ka4li tribe.
DUBARU, Ben. (डूवांबू) A caste, whose occupation is that
of fishermen and divers, (from ज्ट्रदi, to plunge).
DUBAsf, commonly, IDUBASHi, Tel. (ं७थ्ऽ॰ंo, vernacular
corruption of DoBHAsHf, one who speaks two languages,
from S. fद्धः, two, and भाषा, a language) An interpreter,
a native man of business in the service of a European
(Madras), but the office and the name are almost obsolete.
DUBERJi, Mar. (ट्वेरजी) Twice brought to account, twice
entered, Payneit, expenses, and the like ; as, JDuberji
.jam4, IDuberji-laharch, &c.
Dt BHALIS, H. (U.J५aye) Land seated in the neighbourhood
of population, the soil of which is intermixed with gravel ः
vegetables,.jamrdr, and poppy are grown in it (Behar).
DC BRAJ, (corruption of Kucardjd, young prince) H. The
heir of a Raja.
149
DUHITRI, S. (हुहितृ) A daughter.
-Dauhitra, S. (दौहिच:) A daughter’s son. JDauhitr?,
(दौfहची) A daughter’s daughter.
per cent. per mensem.
DUKAL, Mar. (दुः। which in Mar. compounds is used either
for दो, two, or for the S. दुर् , dur, bad, and काल, time)
A dearth or famine.
DURAN-PATTf, Mar. (from P. Dukdm, a shop, which oo
curs in most dialects, and patti, a cess) A tax on shops
or trades.
DUKKI, Tel. (ं9ं,_) Ploughing, ploughed ground, a ploughed
field. Also Dukki-polamu.
DUKBA, H. &c. (दुकडा) One-fourth of a paisa.
DULANDI, DoOLUNDw, (?) A Ryot cultivating land in a
different willage from that in which he resides.
Dt LI, H. (J}ं) DoLi, Mar. (डोली) A litter, a swing cot.
JDuliyd, IBen. (यूनिपा) The name of a caste, or individual
of it, whose business is carrying palanguins, or other
burthens.
DULLAK0TTUTA, Tel. (&gशं) Threshing corn.
DU MA, (?) A leather case, holding about three s6rs, in which
tea was imported into Kamaon from Tibet. The tea of
Kamaon itself is now exported to Tibet.
2 ५
 DUM
IDUMALA, or DUMALi-GAoN, incorrectly, IDooMALLA, Mar.
(दुमाला, the back or tail part, from P. }५de, fig., re
verting or turning back, and गाच्लो', a willage) A re
versionary willage, or lands the revenues of which are
granted for life or a term of years, after which they re
vert to the state ; or lands granted for Service, or through
favour, Subject to resumption at pleasure. Also, lands
of which the revenues are not wholly alienated, but which
are subject to a guit-rent. In common use it is also
loosely applied to all alienated willages. (The word, in
the usual sense, is more probably derived from du, two,
and mail, property ; the holder and the state hawing botl।
an interest in it).
DUsrBALA, Tel. (ॐ००थ्”cण`) An order for giving up the
government share of the produce to the cultivators.
JDumbdl4-deron, (?) The issue of an order to the cul
tivators to reap the crops without waiting for the final
adjustment of the assessment with the Zamindars. E'ifth
Rep., p. 644. (The second term is obviously erroneous,
and the sense of the first has been, perhaps, mistaken.
An absurd etymology is given in the Glossary to explain
the term : as, JDumbdleh, P., tail of a cow, and JDharan,
H., seiZing, taking hold of the tail of a cow, to urge her
along).
JDumbald-mdnyam, Tel. (ॐ७०य्ऽveणंOण्७8०) ILands
held free of assessment, or at a low guit-rent ; under
special grant, not forming part of the original assign
ments.
DUN, DooN, H. (J9e) A valley.
DUNA, Thug. Stocks for culprits.
DUNBI, also writtem DOENBEE, (neither, perhaps, is guite
correct) Mar. Split, cracked ः applied to the first kind
of black soil, which, although very rich, regnires a copious
Supply of water.
DUNDA, H. (lं) A bullock with one horn.
DUNDi, or DoNpi, Hindi (दुंडी) Proclamation by beat of
drum.
DUNDUBHI, H. &c. (दुन्दुभि:) The fifty-sixth year of the
cycle, the next recurrence of which will be A. D.1802.
JDundubhā-hechchije. Karn. (ॐ००ॐ००&०ं7ं) Increase
in the Mysore assessment made in a former JDundubhi।
year, I784-85.
DUNGA, H. (UGyd) IDeep ; a trough, a canoe.
DUNGALI, Karn. (ॐo०K%) A measure of two-and-a-half
s6rs (South Kanara).
150
DUR.
IDUNGANf, H. (4५ंe) A small fractional division of an
estate (Kamaon).
DUNGAR, or DoNGAR, H. 98;p) Ahill, a hilly country.
DUNR, or DUNRf, Thug. Cry of the wictim for help.
DU PIKf, Mar. (हुपिकी, from दु, two, and fपकण, to ripen)
Bearing two crops in a year (land &c).
DURAHf, Mar. (दुराही, from S. दुर, bad, and चाड्,
saying,
also Drudhā, द्वाही) An expression used in prohibiting
any thing on the part of the authorities or the Raja, im
plying his vengeance in case of disobedience.
DURAf, Tel., Karn. ( ँOCooo, from the S. particle दुर्,
implying deprecation or prohibition) Protest, prohi
bition. Citation, Summons, an order of the state to
bring a person to trial. (Probably a modification of the
preceding).
DURAKANf, Mar. ( दुरकानी) Drawn (as a line) through the
two central columns of a sheet of country paper leawing
the first and last as margins; the form used in letters to
Superiors or eguals.
DURBHIKSHA, S. &c, vernacularly, IDURBHIKKA, (दुर्भेिष्वा)
A famine, a dearth.
DURGA, S.,vermacularly, IDURG, DOORG, whence, erroneously,
DRooo, H. &c. (e-je, दुगै) A fort, a hill fort.
DURGA, S. &c. (हुगैी) A goddess highly popular in many
parts of India, especially in Bengal; the wife of Siva,
and, in an especial manner, the destroyef ofevil beings
and oppressors : her worship is permitted to the lowest
castes.
JDurgd-nagami, S. &c, (हुगैीनवमी) A Hindu festival, the
worship of Durgā on the ninth lumation of the light half
of Kārtik.
JDur7a-pijd, S. (दुगैीपूजा) The worship of Durgā, celebrated
for ten days in the month of Aswin (October), with par
ticular pomp, in Bengal.
JDurgotsaga, S. (from उत्सव:, a festival) The festival of
IDurgā, the Durgā-pttj6
DURG-BANSI, H. ( ७“ं9e) A tribe of Rājputs in Jonpur,
and AZimgarh.
IDURIA, or DORIA, H. (५993) A dog-keeper. (From Dorं,
or Duri, a string, with which he leads the dogs.
DURMATI, S. &c. (दुमैति:, from दुर, bad, मतिः, mind) The
fifty-fifth year of the cycle.
DURM UKHA, S. &c. (दुर्मुखः, from S. दुर, bad, and मुख, aspect)
The thirtieth year of the cycle.
DURvA, or DURBA, S. (दुर्घेी) Bent grass ः see Dt B.
 DUR.
JDurp4shtamā, S. (from स्रष्टमी , the eighth) The eighth
lunation of the month Bhādra, on which day JDurgdः
grass is used in the ceremonies observed.
DUsorA, Mar. (दुसोटा) Pulse, &c, sown in a field from
which the regular crop has been gathered.
DUSIGA, Karn. (ं७ग`3ox) A cloth merchant, a tailor,
DUsAf, Hindi (.४५~99, हुसाई) The second sort of sugar-cane,
which is sown after the autumn crop is reaped.
DUTA, S.(दूत:) A messenger, an enwoy, an ambassador.
DwADASA, S. (द्वादश) Twelve, twelfth.
Dnada:4ahima,Karn.(यु.S ँश्? ँ, s इादश, and अधिकं,
more) Twelve fold, a rate of increase to be calculated on
the produce of land.
Drcadasahiha, S. (from चाहिक, relating to a day, अहर् )
A Brāhman householder, who keeps a store of food for
twelve days’ consumption.
JDrodda:{, S. (द्वादशी) The twelfth day of a lunar fortmight.
DwAITA, S. (द्वैत, from fद्धः, two) Duad. The doctrine of
duality, distinguishing two principles in creation, spirit
and matter, as opposed to the 4dn'aita, or monad doc
trine, which acknowledges the reality of spiritual ex
istence only.
DwAPARA-wUGA, S. (ह्रापरयुर्गं) The third age of the world.
DwAR-DEvATA, Mar. (ह्राणदेवता, S. द्वार, a door, and देवता,
divinity) The attendants of a great man, who must be
worshipped in order to get access to him.
Dwi.JA, or DwIJATI, S. (द्विज:, fद्वजाति:, from द्विः, two, and
ज, or जाति, who is born) A twice-born man, first by his
natural birth, and secondly by his Spiritual birth, or in
vestiture with the sacrificial cord. The term properly
designates a man of either of the three first castes, the
Brahman, Kshatriya, and Waisya, but is now generally
understood of the former.
Dwf PA, S. (द्वीप:) An island; also a continent surrounded
by an ocean. Jambu-dwipa is that division of the world
in which India lies, So named, because it is the climate
of the Jambu tree : it is encircled by the sea of salt water.
Dwr PADf-wwAwAHARA, S. (द्विपदीव्यवहार) A law-suit which
consists of only two of four padas, or steps, of a regular
process. One in which the defendant admits the truth
of the charge, thus limiting proceedings to the plaint and
reply.
DwIPADwAM, Mal. (e-2ha-a23)०) A double fine or penalty.
DwwAMUsHAWANA, S. (ह्यामूषायण:, from fद्वः, two, and चामुष्य,
an individual person) An adopted son, who retainshis right
1छै1
EDA
to inherit also from his natural father. The adopted som,
the Dattaka-putra, properly renounces all claim to direct
imheritance from his natural father and paternal relations,
except through any affinity which he may derive from
his adoptive father ; but a continuance of a double re
lationship may depend upon express stipulation, or where
the matural father has no other Son, or where certain
ceremonies, as that of tonsure, have been performed prior
to the adoption in his natural father’s house. This sort
of adoption is also sometimes distinguished as Witya or
Anitya, perpetual or temporary : the latter is the case
when the tonsure has preceded adoption, and then the
children of the adopted son return to the family of the
natural grandfather. The term is sometimes considered
applicable to the son begotten by a brother on his
brother’s widow ; but this union is no longer regarded
as legal. Among the Marathas it is applied to a boy
born in adultery.
Dw6KARAN, Mal. (33)peexport) A blacksmith.
DwUTA, S. &c. (द्यूत) Gambling, playing either with animate
or inanimate materials, as dice, chess, &c., or cocks, rams,
and the like.
JDytita-pratipad, or -ptirnima, S. (from प्रतिपद् , the first
day of a lunar fortnight, and पूणैिमा, full moon) The
night of the last day of the light half and eve of the
first day of the dark half of Kartik, which is to be spent
in gambling in honour of Lakshma, the goddess of
fortune.
E
EDAGAI, or EDAGAI-KULA, less correctly, EDDAGAI, Karn.
(२ॐ*8ं), from 9ं, left) IDANGAI, Tam. ५. w. A
left-hand caste. According to the Karnatic enumeration
of the castes included under this head, they are nine in
number :-I. Panchdla, comprising five subdivisions; as,
JKammdranu, blacksmith; Bddije, carpenter; Kinsagair,
braZier ; Kallurutiga, maSOn ; -4kasdle, goldsmith.
2. B6rāseth{, a class of traders. 8, Deodingada, a class
of weavers. 4. Gdnigdr, an oil maker. 5. Gollur, (?),
people said to be employed to carry money ; (perhaps a
mistake for Golla, a shepherd, plur Gollar). 0, 7. Pa
lincdn and Palamcan, (?), two tribes of cultivators, (per
haps for Palligacanu, a villager, a peasant). 8. B6da,
a low caste of Hindus, living by hunting and catching
birds. 9. Madiga, a worker in leather, a shoemaker :
 EDA
the latter is generally most active in contests with the
right-hand castes (Buchanan's Mysore, i. 78).
IEda//ai hisdb-caru, Karn. A tax levied on workers in
leather and skins.
EDARU-CHf''U, Karn. ( Boंoa#e&2७) A document given by
the purchaser of land engaging to give it back to the seller
on repayment of the purchase-money within a definite term.
EDDANGALLI, or WEDDANGALI, (for, in the languages of
the South, and in Malayalim and Tamil especially, an
initial e is very commonly pronounced as if preceded by
an initial /) (?) Mal. A dry or grain measure, the
measure most in use in Malabar : a cylindrical measure,
2ंin. high, 6र्दृin. diameter, or 85 cubic inches : it
ought to contain 57,000 grains of kalama-nella, a kind
of rice.
EDDU, Tel. ( 9ं9) An ox, a bullock.
_ Eddurddu, Tel. { ०ं9~णःॐo) A bullock-driver.
#prk6LA, Tel. (ंoeऽ`e) The shaft of a plough.
EDURU-cHirण्, Karn. (ं069ं9e*९५o) A note ofhand given
for amother that is lost.
EGANI, Tel. ('O7त्रं२) A copper coin, edual to ten hds.
PGUMATI, Tel., Karn. ( BOKS3c&) Exportation.
E/umati-dijumati, Tel., Karn. (ंox०299०KSं99) Ex
port and import.
EKABHoGAwr, S. EKABooAM, or WERABoGAM, Tam. (टकभोगं,
6य' ँ०L-rTeta, from Elia, one, and Bho//am, fruition)
The possession or tenure of village land by one person
or family without any co-sharer. The appellation is con
tinued in some instances where other parties have been
admitted to hold portions under the original tenure as
long as that remains unaltered.
#KACHHAvA, Tel. ('Osंशश्०७) Abond signed by ten persons.
BKADA:f, S. (एकादशी, from एकादश, eleven) The eleventh
day of a lumar fortnight.
Jkaidasi-prata, S. (from व्रतं, a religious obligation) Fast
ing on the elewenth lunation.
EKAHA, S., Ben., &c. (टकाहं) A single day, Fasting for aday.
EKA-JATA, S. (from जातं, born) Of one parentage, born of
the same parents on both sides.
BKA-JATI, S. (from जाति, caste) Of the same caste.
PKAMATI-EKAJATI, Gu2. ( न्R%tभtrtlºa%tavem, from S.
टक, one, and मति, mind, with a rhyming repetition) A
term used in agreements, contracts, and the like, by which
the subscribers bind themselves jointly and severally to
fulfil the terms specified.
1छे2
_ EKID
ERANHArH, (?) Mar. The total sum of an account that is
closed. The name of a particular mark which is drawn
over the signature affixed to the account.
ERAprkf, Mar. (टकपिकी) Wielding one crop a-year-land,
a field, &c.
ERAPUTRA, S. (from पुच, a son) Hawing one son only
EkARIBA, Thug. A single or short cry of a jackal suddenly
checked-a bad omen.
EKARNAB, Ben. (eaकोदि, from S. संगॆव, the ocean) An
undistinguished multitude, a crowd of persons eating or
acting together without distinction of caste.
ERATRA, or EKOTTARA, H., Mar-, IBen., &c. (9ं। 9*५,
S. टकच) Together, jointly, acting together as one. (In
Bundelkhand) A sum total; also applied generally to
signify interest at one per cent. per mensem.
EKBACH Hi, (Jst5-9ं) IDistribution of any sum or cess
lewied upon land at an edual rate.
EK-BA-DfoARI, H. (.9ंAं) One against another (as
opposite parties in a suit).
EKBAL, or EKwAL, Ben. (elहदiल, eaह७ोल) A total sum : a
bringing together of details under one head : one of the
Zamindar’s accounts in which is stated the gross amount
of the land in each Ryot's possession in each Mahal,
with the deduction for waste, &c., and the disposition of
the productive land remaining.
EKBARDA, Thug. An oil maker and vendor ; a man of
which employment it is considered tunlucky to kill.
ER BERJf, Mar. (टकबेरजी, from S. टक, one, and P. ंP)
The first entry in the books of sums disbursed or re
ceived. A sum total.
Ehberja-daphtar, Mar. (टकबेरजीदफतर) An oflice at the
seat of gowernment, under the Peshwa, to which accounts
from all departments were transmitted, and in which they
were recorded, after abstracts were made of the receipts
and disbursements of the year. Also, the abstracts.
ERCHErryA, Ben. (eक्टप्रतििषl) Monopoli2ed.
JEhchetiya-byabasaj/, Ben. A monopoly.
Ekof HAwAs RfrA, Ben.(aश्iपiविज, from S. टक-छाया, shade,
स्राश्रितं, taking refuge) Held umder one obligation (joint
bondsmen or sureties).
EKD'HAN, Ben. (eवहथीन) (Land) producing one crop of rice
in the year.
EKDARRA, Hindi (टकदरणा) A common rate per bighd. See
JDar.
JEkdarra ka pattd, Hindi (यकदररा का पट्टा) A lease, in
 EKE ENU

which the Ryot is to pay the same rate per bijhd, what Ehnum-jamin, Hindi (टकुनजमीन) A statement of the total

ever crop he may sow.
EKE-ANA-PA'''A, Hindi (एकेचानापट्टा) Lease of a definite
duantity of land, at an average rate per b{{llud ; a tenure
by which Ryots hold in Puraniya.
EKERf-RARKUN, Mar. (टकेरी, single, and कारकृन् , a clerk)
An inferior Scribe or clerk, one to whom no eguipage is
allowed.
EKFARDf, and EKFASLI, H. (.se)*५॥ from d,*, a kind,
–s'~ं , from u}4ं, a crop) Land producing only one
efop a-year.
EKHALA, Hindi (एकहाला) Moisture extending through the
whole depth of the soil ; lit., that which is in one uniform
land measured to each Ryot for the current year.
Ehan-hami, IBen. (from P. **ः deficient) Total remission
or deficiency.
EKwAL, Ben., Uriya(१कदलि, ११थ|?', possible corruption ofA.
J'*), plur. of J;*, agreements) A general account of a
willage or estate, Shewing, under the name ofeach cultivator,
the Guantity and description of the land held by him.
ELAko.A, or WELARo!.A, Mal. (oa)e-16) ं,?2) The use of
words in place of figures, in which each syllable has a mu
merical value, and the whole are read backwards (Malabar).
ELAst, Mal. (odeA०) Auction, outcry, public sale; see Wiki//..
ELE, Karn. (ढैं) Thread.

condition (Puraniya). ELE, Karn. (ेॐ) A leaf in general, betel leafः

EkJAr-JARi B, Ben. (elक्योंझेष्जतीद) Measurement of the whole Elegdr, Karn. (?) ँ7त्ळ6) A betel seller.

of the lands of a village or district, with a specification ELLA, Tel. (9ं,) ELLAl, Tam. (6T6036o) ELLं, Karn.
of the individual holdings. ELI,A, Mal. A boundary.
EKKAN, Mal. (ogleg6)(ob) Soil cast on shore by the current JEllaihal, Tam. &c. (6T60&ंoG८छ60) Ellehallu, Karn.
of a river. (०ं,ं;) A boundary-stone.
Ek KARU, Mal. (og)ce6)(CB) Agricultural implements, ap Ellai-takrdr, Tam. (from A. 2)ंG) Boundary dispute.
paratus for ploughing. Ellai-pyaj/am,Tam. (S. व्याज) Aboundary guarrel or dispute.
EKo DDISHTA, S. (टकोद्दिष्टं) The Srdddha, or obseguial ce IEllardi, Tel. ('Og ०२०००) A boundary-stone.
remony performed for one definite individual deceased, Jllchattu, Karn. (२ं) A limit, a boundary.
not including other ancestors. ELU, Thug. Any single person not a Thug.
FCKIPACH HA, H. (***, from S. टक, and पघच, a side) Ex ENDH, Thpg. A woman.

parte (as evidence). ENDIRAM, Tam. (व्य' ं,ंठी प्रta) A sugar-cane press, a mill,
EKPADIA, Uriya (१००६धl) The total rent of a village, a hand-mill.

with the proportionate charge to each Ryot.
EKPHASLA, Hindi (टकप्राशाला) A single crop. Land yield
ing one crop a-year. Rate charged in the Ryot’s lease,
calculated on his rearing only one crop a-year on his land.
ERRA, Tel. (9ंष्णं) The English word Acre.
EKRAk y, Mar. (from /*9x sort) In a lump, at once, the
sum of different items.
ExGrLI,Tel. (9०?\9) ESJULU, Karn. (9०ee’eo) Ecitcirir,
Tam. Mal. (6Tत्रैेl60) Any thing that has become im
pure by having been in the mouth : orts, leavings, frag
ments, crumbs, and the like, considered as impure.
ENNAM, Mal. (ंभ्a)ं,०) Counting, an account, Charge for
reaping, usually ten per cent. ; or if paid in kind, one
sheaf out of ten.

EKRoro, Hindi (टकरोजो, from P.}}), a day) Authorised ENNARI, Mal. (PGं,?ुी, from enta, or, in composition,
daily expenditure of public officers (Jodhpur). dn, cight) Eight ndipis, or two measures.
EKSALA, H. (J~ं from P. J~,a year) Annual, for oneyear, ENATf MAM U L, Mar. (टनातीमामूलं, from A. Indyat andnutl,
lasting one year, a cess levied originally for but one year. J;*~० c-५५e) Customary presents, an additional charge
EkTARFA, H. (from P. -9*, a side) Ex-parte, on one side. on the district at the time of assessment on this account.
Ditarfa-gldddana, H. An ex-parte proceeding or Suit. ENTHA, Thug. Rupees, or money of any kind.
EKu, Tel. (ंDSC) A roll of cleaned cotton. ENUKA, or WEN UKA, (?) Mal. A certificate given by a he

ER.UN, Hindi (एकुन) Ben. (aदून) Sum total.
-79kun-beshi, IBen. (from P. U*A:, more, excess) Total
-Ekun-jam6ं, Hindi (एकुनजमा) Statement of the total rent
of each piece of land in the village accounts.
158
reditary proprietor to the person to whom he has mort
increase. gaged or made over occupation of his lands ; Or a document
given to the proprietor by the mortgagee, if he transfer
possession (Malabar),
2 R
 ENU FAK

Enuld, or Hemuld muri, (?) Mal. A similar certificate to ESKAR, Mar. (एसकर) A man of a low caste, a Mahdr,
the last, given to the person to whom the mortgage is trans- । one of the willage servants;C more usually
_ _ C
Heshar. _

ferred: also, a notice from the proprietor to the mort | ETAM U, or ETAM U, Tel. ('Oॐ००, 0छे' ँOO) ERRAM,
gagee that he has transferred his proprietary right and pronounced wfºrrAst, Tam. (6ग्र” ं) pta) A machine on
accompanying liabilities to a third party (Malabar). the principle of a lever, for raising water from wells,
ER, or WEn, Tam. (6य टैr) A plough. commonly termed at 'ंadraं a Pikota.
Erdhmai, Tam. (6य' ँrTCठ्ठाठ्ठुLa) Tillage. Edma-bolikena, Tel ('Oछंo०४ऽ`ङ्_७) The bucket
Erdnar, Tam. (6य टॆ"rT6TDr) Husbandmen. by which the water is drawn.
Erhdl, Tam. (6य DrGrT6b) A yoke, a plough-beam. Hdttachchal, Tam. (6यं)pळै८Prr6७) The bucket of the

Ersdmdn,Tam.(6य DrePrTLarTCठैी)The apparatus ofaplough. Pikota.

ERAI, pron. IRAI, Tam. (6TCºp) Tax, tribute. Hetta/kol, Tam. (यं)pे6GrT60) The bambu by which
JErai-cari, or Irai-cari, Tam. All dues demandable by the bucket is suspended. _

landholders from their temants. #rrojipuciram, pron, I?ettappuriram, Tam. (6यं,p4

ERAMATI, Asamese (elज्ञोगो)ि Land that has been aban t-6-rTDta) Share of the charge or tax for watering
doned after cultivation. the |lands.
ERAPHER, or PHERI, H. 9**!)", from 9*३, to turn round : ETU-KoNAMUPARRA, (?) Mal. The rate of tax levied in Tra
the syllable without the initial repeated) Exchange, barter. । vancore ; or one in eight upon the produce of garden
ERAw U, or ERw U, Karn. ( GDॐं), ं)ं७६) A thing lent or । land, and three in ten out of rice land.
borrowed for temporary use. ETTU, Tel. (ंoं) Weight, a burden ; a weight of two
ERf, Tam. (6य Dी) A large reservoir or piece of water, ris, or (ं pounds.
partly artificial, constructed for purposes of irrigation. ETTU wAI.i, Karn. (ंॐ९?) Collecting money.
Erikarai, Tam. (6य प्रीँट्EcoxDr) Bank of a reservoir. ETwAR, H. 9';ं) Sunday, abbreviation of S. Adit/a
Erikidai, Tam. (6TpठीGGra-coxt-) A basket used for odra, through, Aiticdr.
throwing up water. (From 6T pठी, throwing).
Erimerai, Tam. (6य DhGL००ठुDr) A portion of the crop set । F

apart to meet the expense of keeping the reservoir and
watercourses in repair.
#ri-pichal, Tam. (6य DhLLITe*60) Watered by channels
conducted from a reservoir or tank (land).
ERI, Mal. (og)(Ch) A row of stakes to Support an embank
Iment. _
FAAL, A. (Ce७, from C)ं, to do) An agent, one who
does any thing.
FAIDA, H. (A. ४A५७) PHAwi DA, Tel. (०ेण”CS.P८२ग्) Profit,
gain, interest. (In this and other Arabic words beginning
with.f adopted into the Hindu dialects which have not

the letter, ph is substituted for it).

ERPADU, Tam. (यं)–rाG) A decision, a settlement.
I"AISAL, or, more correctly, FAISALA, FwsUL, Fyst LA,
ERU, Tam. (TC) Manure.
(U~ं, &~ं) adopted in most dialects with slight
ERU, Tel. Karn. (ं ँ७) A plough with its apparatus, bul modifications, as, Ben. PHAisALA, (८ञैश्लोन्नतः) Mar.
locks, &c., complete. PHAISAI, and PHAIsALLA, (फेसल, फेसज्ञा) Tel. PHArsAI.A,
ERUGERU, (?) Tei. Gross produce. ( ँ००99.७०) A decree, a judgment, a decision, ad
ERUKU, or ERUKAI.A-WAI)U, Karn. (ं)८७०ऽ०, ं)ं ँ०९?. justment of a Guarrel, settlement of a debt.
व्व्ॐं) A man of a tribe living in forests and mountains, Faisal-ffrngai, H. (from the Tam. (ंघैश्य-6u) The rates
resembling gipsies in their habits: the women are famous
settled on each field at the time of the original survey
as fortune-tellers.
assessment (Madras).
ERUPALU, Karn. ('Ocoयण्ठe७) The farmer’s portion of the Jaisalati Tel. Karn. (ं9०99७७`9) Settled, as an ac.
produce. C
count especially, according to a decree or award.
ERUvA KA, Tel.( 0ंO॰ां) The commencement ofcultivation. /*aंalndina, H. &c. (&०७0-4ं) A written sentence or award.
ESHAMAN, or WEJAMAN, Tam. (6TeLarा c्ा) A person em
FA K-AR-RAHN, H. (A. c9 ) --*) Expiration or fore
ploying priests : vernacular form of S. ] ५jaindna. closure of a mortgage, redemption of a pledge.
lं74
 FAK
FA KHR UL-TUJAR, H. (A. )७-'AG) The provost of the
merchants : an honorific title granted by the Moghul
government to any eminent banker or merchant.
FAki R, FU५EER, H. (A. Aं, plur. PUKRA, ],ं, or FA The vocation of a Fakfr, or any thing relating to one.
Ki RAN, ७)ं) PHAKf R, or PHUKEER, Mar. (फकीर) । FAk], Fuor, H. (A. keं) lit., Only, no more ; written at
Any poor or indigent person. In law, one who possesses । the end of a document, deed, petition, &c., to indicate
only a little property. The most general application is, ।
a Mohammadan religious mendicant, who wanders about
the country, and subsists upon alms, Many orders of
them are known in Hindustan, named after their founder,
or some peculiar practice or doctrine. They are gene
rally divided into two classes : I. Those who are IBd
s/td rd, with the law, having families, and following the
precepts of the Koran ; they are also known as Sdlik,
travellers or pilgrims: and 2. IBe-shard, without the
law, or J/ajgib, 'abstracted,' who lead a life of celibacy
and seclusion, and whose sanctity is such as to place
them abowe the necessity of observing the rules of the
Koran. The chief Hindustani Falkārs are, I. The
JKiddaria or Dainanc6, who profess to be the spiritual
descendants of Saiad Abdul-liddir Jildni, of Bagdad.
2. The Chishtia, followers of IBanda-mamud2, whose shrine
is at kalbarga ; they are usually Shias. 8. Shtttdria,
descendants of Abdul-shtttdr-i-ndik. 4. Tabliditia, or
J/oddria, followers of Shdh II/addr ; many of these are
jugglers, and bear or monkey leaders. छे. J/alan//,
descended from Jainam Jatt, one of Shah Waddr’s
disciples. 0. TRafti, or Gur2-mdr, descended from Saiad
4hmed Kalifr It५fiii, who appear to beat, cut, and
wound themselves without suflering inconvenience, and
who, in the belief of the faithful, can cut off their own
heads, and put them on again. 7. Jaldlia, followers
of Saiad Ja//// ud din IBokhdr{.
8. Sohdjia, from
J//sa Sohtt//, who dress like women, wear female orna
ments, play upon musical instruments, and sing and
dance. 9. Valksh-bandia, followers of IBahd ad din, of
Nakshband, distinguished by bogging at night, and carry
ing a lighted lamp. 10. IBdird pittri ka.falk{rdn, who
dress in white. There are other distinctions ; and at the
JMuharram a number of the lower classes assume the
character and garb of Fakfrs, of diferent ridiculous per
sonations, for the amusement of the populace, and the
collection of contributions.
Faktrdina, H. (-'AG) Appropriated to the support of
Fakfrs (lands, &c.). _
1छं)
FAR
Fakfr{, H. (.9ं) Phakir{, or Pha/%)’{, Mar. (फकिरी,
फकीरी) Alms given to Fal:{rs. An item in the village
accounts or charge for alms to Mohammadan mendicants.
that it is completed.
Phaktu:jarditi, Tel. (ं2ऽ७8ट०२०७cं, from the A. = ं,
and ५~=!9a cultivation) A richly cultivated country.
Nothing but cultivation.
FALAM, whence the English Fanam, H. (**, but more
properly, no doubt, Phalam, S. (मालं) A small silver coin
formerly current at Madras ; 12ं are egual to one rupee.
FALAN, or FALANAH, H. (A. ७**, ॰'s) A certain person,
Such a one, used to designate an individual whose name
is not specified.
FALIZ, H. (A. GAls) A field of melons.
FALUs, corruptly, FELoos and TLUCE, H. (U~99, plural of
U~4#) A small copper coin, of varying weight and
value, current in Arabia and Persia, and sometimes ap
plied to the paisa of Hindustan. It was also the de
nomination of a copper coin current at Madras ः one
.falus was edual to five kds or cash.
FARA, H. (P. ],s) lit., Above, ower ; a term used in the
Mohammadan revenue accounts for the increased revenue
derived from new taxes.
FARARi, more correctly, FIRARi, H. (-9' ं, from A. Fird/’,
))ं, flight) Mar. (फरारी) Tel. (ं9CO) A fugitive, cspe
cially a cultivator who has abandoned his lands and
home. The head under which the names of absconded
revenue defaulters are entered.
FARAZi, H. (५9)*, from P. Fards, G'A, above) Elevation,
exaltation. The name of a sect of Mohammadan re
formers, who object to many of the practices of their
Indian brethreu, established in and about Dacca since
IS28, by a man named Sharkatulla/.
FARD, FURD, incorrectly, FERID, or FIRD, vernacularly,
PARAT, and PHARAD, or PHARD, H. (A. e,#) Mar. (फर्ट)
A single thing or individual, one out of two, a single leaf
or sheet of paper, a written list or statement, a long
slip of writing containing a list, a catalogue, &c.
| Fard-ā-hakikat, H. (from A. ं-, actual state) A
।
। memorial, a statement of circutnstances, a return made
।
by the officers of government to a reduisition for in
formation, a report.
 IFAR.
Fard-ā-hdsht, H. (from P. e-A४, cultivation) Statement
of a Ryot's cultivation.
Fard-i-8aical, H. (from A. J';“ asking) A petition, an
application. The recommendatory report of a revenue
officer in former times in favour of the grant of a Za
minddrā sanad to the person named in the application,
and specifying the districts to be granted. | a present to a superior.
Fard--tafri/ं, H. (from Uः9ं, separation) A paper or ।
deed of partition.
Fard-i tashkhas, H. (from ००****, settlement) Record of ।
a rewenue settlement.
FARIAD, FURwAD, H. (P. e५,*) wernacularly, PHARIWAD,
or PHAIRAD, Ben. (यद्भियiप्तः, ८ङेंतोल) PH InvAD, Mar.
(fफयैाद) PHritvADU, Tel. (१SCं8ॐ०) FARWADI, or
FARAyADr, Karn. (ं9Cव8०, ॐ ँ०GOव्)०) PinryADu, FARMAN, Ft RMAN, vernacularly, PHARMAN, corruptly,
Tam. (LfDhu-IIT*य) Cry for help, complaint, accusation,
the entering of a law-suit,
Fariddi, I'uryadee, H. (.se५,ं) also Phari/ddi, Phairddi,
_Phiryddi, &c., as before, and corruptly, Feriaudy, A
complainant, a plaintifiः
Faryddiyaca, Karn. (ं०००8००93) A plaintift; a com
plainant.
Faridd-ras, H. (from P. U*७, who arrives) A defender,
a protector, one who listens or attends to a complaint.
FARfB, or FAREB, H. (५--~g,*) Fraud, deception, trick,
cheating.
FARIg H, H. &c, (A. ं,७) PHARik, or PHARfKH, Mar.
(फार्णीक, -ख) PHARAG, GuZ. (५t२२u) Free, discharged,
settled (as a debt, &c.), concluded_(as a law-Suit), &c.
/*४tri//-khatti, or -khattee, A. ( ७aं- ā" from 'ं)",
'a5-, a writing) changed, vernacularly, to JPhdrkhat, Ben.
(फीझर्थs) Phdrkhat, or Pharikhat, Mar. (फारखति,
फण्खित) Pdrikhatta, Tel. (Coescं७) and written
corruptly, Farikhat, Tiraghkhattee, and Taraghatted, FARsH, H. (A. Uंध्र*, from U9*, spreading) A carpet, a
A written receipt and acGuittance, a deed of release from
all demands, a deed of dissolution of partnership or of
parcenership, a bill of divorcement.
Firighhhatdna, H. (Gues*9G) A fee for making out a
release or discharge.
Firkhati, or rather Phdrhhati, IBen. (adj. यगझर्थङी) Set
free, acguitted, divorced.
FAiti S, H. (A. ७५,#, from G9* ; separating) A troop, a
party, a party in a law-Suit.
Farik-dical, H. (from P. ८:', first) The first party in a
suit.
1-70
FAR
Farik-di/am, or :{{ni, H. (from the P. *ं;9, or A. ५.3G,
second) The second party to a Suit.
JParikain, H. (A. dual) Both parties to a suit.
FARMAISH, or FURMAISH, H. (P. U*५P) PHARMAIs,
Ben. (एतभांश्ल) PHARMAs, Mar. (परमास) An order, a
command, a direction, a commission to execute any work,
Far-farmds, or Phap-pharmais, corruptly, Fur-furmanesh,
JPhaur-pharmaish, Mar. (फडफर्मेीास) Petty articles of pro
vision formerly exacted from a village by the government
। or public officers : it occurs also in this sense as Far
। maish alone. It was also applied to all sorts of produce
payable to the government in kind, or at an under
valuation, as part of the government dues.
FIRyrAN, Fi RMAND, PHIRMAUN, &c., H. &c. (७५०,ं,
परमान) A mandate, an order, a command, a patent.
Farmain-barddr, H. (from P. 9'9:, who conforms to) A
Subject, an officer, one who obeys or executes a mandate.
Farm/in-bidgi, H. (from ०*५:) A command under the
royal signature or stamp.
FARoD, H. (ex9*) lit., Alighting, coming down ; a term used
in the customs department to express the arrival and de
posit of goods within certain limits.
FAROKHT, FUROKIIT, vernacularly, PHAROKHT, H. &c.
(५-4-99*, फरोखत) Sale, selling.
Farolaht-khat, H. (kes- ५-*-99*) Pharoht-khat, Mar.
(फरोक्तः खत) A bill or deed of sale : also Farokht-ndma.
Tarosh, H. (P. Lं;A) Sale, selling. A seller, a dealer.
and 7arosh-ā-maimal, corruptly, 'e?’00sh-memuck, H. (P.
५-**ं C**) Sale Of salt. Public sale of salt on account
of the gowernment. The rewenue derived from the mo
nopoly.
mat, a floorcloth, a bed, any thing spread out.
Tirdsh, H. A. (C*JP) A bed, a couch. A female, a wife.
In law, a female slave taken to her master’s bed.
/'a?"rds/।, H. (A. C*' ँ, it is commonly written with one
?’, Taraish) A servant whose business it is to spread and
Sweep the mats, carpets, &c. ५
Fardsl-klidna, II. (P. ४d3-, a house) A room in which
carpets, &c., are kept.
J/{rda-fardsh, II. (U*]* *9-्) A man of low caste,
whose business it is to remowe dead bodies when lying
in the way.
 FAR.
FARSANG, H. (4-39) A Persian measure of distance
the Parasang of the ancients-about four miles.
FARZ, H. (A. ०9*, from C3*, to command) A divine or
positive command or ordinance, a statute, an injunction
that is not to be disobeyed, a duty not to be neglected ;
especially applied to the five indispensable obligations of
purification, prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage,
in contradistinction to other acts which are optional or
meritorious only : also (as derivable from ८%*, to divide)
a definite payment or portion, inheritance, share or por
tion of inheritance due to an heir : also, a widow’s jointure,
or her Share of the succession to her husband’s property.
Farं-4in, A. (with ७:ey Special, essential) An absolute
obligation. See the preceding.
-Farigat, A. (--~4a9) A divine positive statute. A de
finite share.
_Fardi:, H. (A. c4a),*, plur of ०49*) The obligatory or
divine precepts or statutes of the Mohammadan religion,
those which are not to be neglected. The law of in
heritance or partition of property.
JPargan, A. (3)ं, adv) Specially, definitely : as applied
to law, conformably to the special right of inheritance.
Fargan-0-raddan, A. (from ठै' bringing back) Conform
ably to direct or special claim, and also to an indirect
or rewersionary claim, as coming back from failure of
nearer heirs.
Farं-kifaiat, A. (from C3* , and ं\ं, sufficiency) The
sufficiency of a religious obligation, as fulfilled by one
person of a party, association, or township, on behalf of
the whole.
Farं-rakar, A. (ंश्*2 ०%*) Fixed rules of performing
prayer.
Fargf, H. (A. JeंP) Ben. Farj{, ( मङीं) By way of
proposition, supposititious, fictitious. It is applied espe
cially to a person who is either altogether an imagi
nary party in a suit or purchase, or to one who, although
the ostensible, is not the real principal, or to a suit or
purchase conducted or effected under an assumed or fic
titious name.
Fargā-mudai, H. (_,eo०७.3,*) Pharji-hddi, Ben. (एरणीं
दiङ्गी ) A fictitious plaintiff or prosecutor, a person put
forward in that character.
Fargā-muladdamo, H. (A. A॰5ं.०, a law-suit) A fictitious
Suit or prosecution ; one set on foot by other ostensible
parties than those really interested.
157
FAS
Ism-fargं, H. (A. ~', a name) A fictitious name; any
thing done under a fictitious name.
Furuं, A. (० ं;)*, plur of c2)*, a portion) Shares, por
tions, the proportions in which property is diwided among
those entitled to inherit.
FARZAND, H. (P. 99)*, plur. ७le9P) Offspring, pro
geny, a son or daughter, a child, children. In Mo
hammadan law, lineal descendants in the male line :
females and their posterity are excluded from the order
of descent, except the person's own daughter. See B6
.far2amddin.
FAsAD, A. (o५.3) Wice, depravity, corruption, In law, any
species of mental depravity not arising from defect of
understanding.
Fisid, A. ( A~७) Base, wile, wicked. In law, one who,
according to some authorities, may be deprived of the
management of his own affairs, as unfit to be trusted
with them.
FASKH, H. (A. &“) Breaking an agreement, dissolwing a
contract, breaking off or dissolving a marriage.
FASL, FUSL, corruptly, FUSSUL, H. (A. c)-८$, from the verb
94$, to divide) A section, a chapter ; but in India more
commonly a section of the year, a Season; thence also, a crop
or harvest. There are two principal harwests in the year,
spring and autumn, to which a third is sometimes added ;
they are
Fasl-i-rabii, commonly, Fusuli-rubbee, or simply, Itubbee,
(e) c)-८s) The spring harvest, which yields dry crops,
as wheat, barley, different kinds of pulse and grain that
do not reguire irrigation or much water : “ the seed is
sown towards the close of the periodical rains, or in
September-October, and the crops are gathered about
February and March.
Fasl-i-kharif, or -khuregf, H. (A. ५-ं;*- 94*) The
autumnal harvest, consisting chiefly of rice, or grains
reguiring irrigation. The seed is sown at the commence
ment of the rainy Season, and the crop is usually reaped
after their close, or about October-Nowember.
Fas'-Dhddogiri, H. (.3}9e५: U-2i) This is an inter
mediate harvest of occasional cultivation, consisting of
grains of Guick growth, as millet and different sorts of
pulse which may be sown at the beginning of the rainy
Season, and gathered in the month of IBhddra, or about
September : this is, however, commonly included in the
Kharif
 E'AS
Faslana, H. (AGlas) Relating to the harvest or the crop;
a fee or perguisite derived from it, &c.
Fasli, Tuslee, corruptly, Fassily, Fasly, H. ( _A~*) Be
longing to the harvest, or Season when cultivated, or lands
productive of crops assessed according to the value of | FATIHA, corruptly, FATTAHA, FATEHEH, and FATEEAH, H.
the crops, or freduency and abundance of the harvests.
The harvest year-a mode of computing time prevailing
throughout India, and one of the forms used in giving a
date to all public orders and regulations. The era
originated with the emperor Akbar, who, finding different
eras current, thought to simplify the existing chronology
by introducing a new mode of computing time. In fact,
however, he only aggravated the confusion, by adding to
the number ; the old eras still continuing to be current
along with the new. According to Akbar’s directions,
the year of the Samrat, corresponding with the Hijra
year 968=A. D. Iछैछेā, and which was therefore Samcat
I6l2 (lāpā + छ7), was arbitrarily shorn of 640 years,
and called the Faslt year 909, the same as the Hijra.
Starting from this point, it has since gone on concur
rently with the Samucat, or luni-solar year of the Hindus;
so that by adding 649 years to the Fasli year, we get the
। Samcat year ; and by adding छ{}2-98, the difference of the FATwA, H. (J.**) A judicial sentence, a judgment ; but
Christian era (G49- छ7=छे92), we obtain the Christian
date. The Fasli year began on the 10th of the lunar
month Asmoin, corresponding to the I0th September Iछै:छंछ :
if more than four months of the year have expired, the
addition is छै93. Thus, the date of Reg. i., I0th Fe
bruary 188B, corresponds with the lst of Phdlijum 1880
(I88B +50) Samcat, and with the Ist of Phdlijun I240
(I88B- छ08) Fasli. In the Dakhin the Tasli year is rec
koned somewhat differently, being two years later than the
same year in Hindustan, having been introduced by Shdh।
.Je/hdn. The addition to the Tasli therefore, to convert
it into the Christian year, is only छ90; thus, the Bomb.
Reg. dated Fasli I289 is eduivalent to A. D. (1289 +
500) I829. The Tamil year of Fasli, I257-58, cor
responds with I848 (=l298 + छ90). The year is, or
ought to be, Sidereal ; but the Madras government fixed
its commencement to the l2th July. Its subdivisions are |
little attended to, as its Sole use is its application to rewenue
matters; and the year only is specified, not the months.
Fasl.jasti, Tel. (ं9ं99&ं &2., from P. siddati) An
extra crop, one more than usual : an extra cess imposed
on land bearing more than one annual crop.
158
FAU
Fasl-hamं, H. (from P. (*ः less) Deficiency of harvest.
Deduction from the revenue on account of a scanty crop.
Fasli rdiyat, H. (*e) ._A4) A cultivator paying revenue
according to the crops he raises.
(A. AG७, from ं,
to open) An opening, a commence
ment. The first Sura or chapter of the Koran, which,
being read for the benefit of dying Mohammadans, the
word has come, in India, to signify prayers offered up
for defunct persons on different days after their death,
accompanied by alms and distribution of food, as, Fa
tiha-chahdram, on the fourth day ; Fatiha-bistam, on
the twentieth, &c. : also, oblations and offerings to saints,
and a variety of prayers and ceremonies used at mar
riages and funerals, including one observed by women in
commemoration of Fatima, the daughter of Mohammad,
called the F%tiha-sahmak, from sahnal:, a dish, sweet
meats in small vessels being distributed to the female
assistants.
Tatiha-bu2urgm’dr, H. (from P. ५4-9U१, great) Offerings
and prayers for the benefit of the souis of deceased an
cestors.
more usually applied to the written opinion of the Mo
hammadan law officer of a court.
Fatdngd, A. (plur. #ुUG) A collection or digest of ju
dicial decisions, several of which are current in Hin
dustan, especially the Fatāwf Alemgiri, compiled by order
of AurangZeb, printed by the Bengal government (to its
great credit) in six guarto volumes.
FAUJ, FoUJ, H. &c. (A. श्ट*, पीज) An army, a multitude.
Police jurisdiction.
Faujddr, H. &c. 9'A*, पीजदार) An officer of the
Mogul government, who was invested with the charge of
the police, and jurisdiction in all criminal matters. A
criminal judge, a magistrate. The chief of a body of
troops.
7'५५jddrdin, H. (P. plur. of Fa५jddr) Assignments of re
venue for the maintenance and remuneration of Faujddrs.
J'attjddri, H. subst., The office of a magistrate or head
of police, or criminal judge. adj., Relating to the office
of I'a५jddr; criminal, as opposed to civil ; levied as a
tax for the support of the police, &c.
/'a५iddrt-abird), H. Cesses or imposts levied for the sup
port of the Fal.jdd/s, or in commutation of the charge
 FAU
so incurred; or upon the Faigjddrs, or commandants, or
military chiefs on the frontiers of Bengal.
* Faujdari 4dalat, H. (from A. ५-Jloe, court of jus
tice) The chief criminal court, more usually called in
Bengal the Wicdmat 4ailat, but this designation is
in. use at Madras and Bombay-Mad. Reg. wii. I802,
Bom. Reg. xiii. l827, and subseguent Regs. See also
-1dalat.
Fauj-jaijir, or Fauj-8ardnjdm, H. 9***५-श्-*, ('～''~ह्*)
ILands or revenue assigned for the support of troops or
of police.
Fauj- or Phauj-8aranjam, Mar. (पौजसरंजाम) Assignment
of rewenue for the support of troops and maintenance of
forts.
_Fa५j-sehbandi, or Tattj-sihbandi, H. (.sAं.५.५५, militia)
The troops of the Faujddr, provincial troops or militia
employed in garrisoning forts, escorting treasure, and in
revenue and police duties.
Far6-fagjddri, H. (from A. 89* a bough or branch of a
tree, met., produce) In Mohammadan finance, the produce
of the Tattjddri, or criminal court, arising from fines
and confiscations carried to the credit of government.
FAUTI, corruptly, FowTEE, H. (A. _ं;, from ५- ं, death)
A person deceased, or one who is legally defunct, from
profligacy or any legal disgualification. The property
of one who dies intestate and without legal heirs, which
therefore rewerts to the sowereign.
Fautiःfardri, H. (Jं,*, and ५9!* disappearance) Dead,
and absconded, A list of cultivators who have died, or
have deserted their homesteads.
Fauti-ndma, H. (P. &०५) A document stating the death
of an incumbent, and the names of his heirs.
Famatiydisdma-bdhi, Karn. (ङ्)व्3०ऽOव्येद्ध२cंऽव्6) Ba
lance due to government from a person deceased.
FAZIL, H. (A. 9-33) PHAJf L, Mar. (पाजील) Much more,
abundant, excessive, a surplus, excess ower an estimate,
receipt in excess of revenue, &c.
Figil, H. (A. U-45, plur. "4#) A learned or pious man,
one learned in the law.
Faigil-nrasitl, H. (A. J;~} collections) Extra or additional
collections.
Fagdli, H. (from A. A4-4ं, redundance) In Mohammadan
law, an unaccredited agent, one who acts for another
without authority, and whose transactions are invalid un
less confirmed by the principal.
150
PIIL
Fa24la-bid, H. (ं ७;*) Sale of another’s property
without his authority : the sale may be confirmed or an
nulled at pleasure by the owner.
FAZiH, H. (A. 3-*) Disgraceful, wile, infamous : mis
managing an estate or property.
Fagillat, H. (A. *५४-4i) Phajeti Gu2. (५?ctl) Dis
grace, infamy.
FI, H. (A. L') A particle and prefix to nouns, signifying
in, with, by, with respect to; before Arabic nouns it is
followed by the article J" the initial of which merges
into the final of the prefix.
Fi':faur, (9ं) c्र) Now, immediately, in briefः
F%'-hdil, H. (Jं) ५*) Instantly, presently, actually, on
the Spot.
Fi'-hakikat, H. (५-8ं-" -') In truth, in fact.
Fil.jumla, H. (AL~～'' ं) Ujjn the whole.
Fil-ndia, H. (gl} _ं) In fact, certainly, in truth.
Fi-hasi, H. (P. U~%some one, an individual) Tax per
indiwidual, poll tax.
Fi-8ad, H. (from the P. A०, a hundred) Per cent.
Fi-8abil-ullah, A. (S) O.५५ C) In the way of God, or
for his service : applied to alms givem to persons to
enable them to eguip themselves for a holy warfare, or
for pilgrimage.
FIDiAT, H. (A. &AG, from AG, ransom, sacrifice) In Mo
hammadan law, a redemption or redemptionary atonement
for what would else be forfeited ; ransom or redemp
tionary fine paid by a master for his slave who has com
mitted some fault, which would make him the slave of
the injured party.
FIDwi, H. (A. ५.s;Aं, from lAG, devoted to) Servant, slave;
but only used as a term of humility in speaking of one
self Wour slave, your humble Servant.
FIHRIST, H. (P. e-०५,५े) PHIRASTU, Tel. (3xं) A list,
a catalogue, an inventory.
Fihrist-ā-dihdit, H. A list of the willages of an estate or
district ; one of the accounts kept formerly by the Ka
nungos in Bengal.
FIKH, H. (A. Aं) Knowledge of religion and law. Prao
tical jurisprudence, in which there may be difference of
doctrine without involving any sectarial opinion.
FiL, H. (A. d)xs) Act, action, In A. grammar, The verb.
Fil-shanid, or Tial-i-shamia, corruptly, Feeal-shuneea, H.
(A. eं-* 9-d) An abominable or unnatural offence.
Fil-gamin, H. (A. ७०५* 9xं) Phaitjdinin, Mar. (फैलजामिन)
 FIIL
#‘lliydl-'्/dmin, Uriya (६aIRa|११) A surety for good
or peaceable conduct.
Fil-3dmini, H. (A. ७*४-* c)ं) Security for conduct,
Surety for good and 6rderly behaviour.
Ff L, H. (A. c}ं) An elephant.
Fil-kh(ind, (AG5- UAG) Elephant stables.
FisK, H. (J.J) Iniguity, willainy.
F%silं, (A. J;~ं) Wicked, abandoned, depraved ; one
unworthy of credit as a witness in a court of law.
FIFR, H. (A. Aap) Breaking a fast. Eating at sun-set daily
during the RamaZan. The ceremony of breaking the
fast at the end of the month. See fa-al:fitr.
Fitrat, H. (A. 9as) Alms given at the ia-al:ftr.
FrTU R, H. (A. 2ं) PHITU R, Mar. (फितूर) Treachery, de
ceit, fraud. In India it is applied more especially to
traitorous or rebellious conduct; revolt, insurrection,
desertion.
Fitatri, H. &o. (.9*) A traitor, a rebel, an insurgent,
a deserter, one who has changed sides.
Phitatr-ph6nd6, Mar. (पितूरफांदा) Seditious risings and plots.
FoTAH, H. (P. &e;) A bag', a bag of money, a purse.
Tax, revenue, land-tax, annual rent of cultivated land.
। Fotaddr, H. ()'ese;) Potaddr,or Potddr, Ben. (८१ीजालोद्ा)
Mar. (पीतदार्) Podddr, whence the common term Podar,
H. 9lee: ) A banker, a cash-keeper, a money-changer,
an officer in public establishments for weighing money
and bullion, and examining and valuing coins.
Fotaddi/%, or Potaddrf, H. &c. The occupation or bu
siness of a Fotaddr.
Fota-khdna, H. &c. A treasury, a banking-house, a money
changer’s shop.
FCRNADAyAM, (?) (perhaps from ptirna, full, and ddyam,
to be given) spelled corruptly Fourna/d/em and Four
ng/diam, The money rent in commutation of the revenue
in kind in the south of India.-App., छेth Rep. 771.
FUR5AT, II. (A. ५~~2ं) Leisure, opportunity, suspension
of public business for a season.
G।
GAnAR, Gu BUi', incorrectly, GUEBRE, H. (P. As) An in
fidel in general, but commonly applied to a Pdrsi, or
fire worshipper.
GABAsAN, Bon. (*विजिन) A skinner, a currier, a tanner.
GA B19ADU, Tel. (xंशं७) Gruff goods ; small articles, as
treacle, cocoa-nuts, spiceries, &c.) sold by hucksters.
100
GAD
GABDi, GABTI, or GABfD, Mar. (गाबदी, गाबती, गाबीद) A
fisherman.
GABHAN, GUBHAN, (?) Land contiguous to a village. _
GABHIN, H. (७+७, S. गर्भिणी) A pregnant woman, or a
cow with calf _
GABRAUTA, H. 9A) A large beetle, found in old cow
dung and dunghills : also called Gobraura and Goba
?’aunda.
GACHH, Ben. (?fiश्) A tree ; applied to any thing fibrous,
as, वदं ?ीश् झ*ी, a rope of a single cord.
GACHCHU, Karn. (*ं७) Mortar, plaster.
Gachchugdna, Karn. (?ंं०7त्व्ं२) A lime-mill.
GACHCHHAwAT, Ben. (? from the S. गच्छावत् , having gone,
passing) The compulsory sale of articles at a higher than
the market price.-2d Rep. 1772, p. 298.
GACH HAGACHHI, Ben. (?ीश्री?ीक्षितः, from ?ीश्, to deposit or
receive in deposit) Mutually deposited or intrusted, a
mutual deposit.
Gachhita, Ben. (*श्रिउ) IDeposited, a pledge.
GACHHi, H. (Jº-s) A pad for the back of a beast of
burden.
GAD, H. (०७) Sediment of dirty water.
GA), Gup, H. (७) A boundary mark (Dehli),
GAD, GUp, Mar. (गड) also GA)r and GADIII, (गडी, गढी)
GApr, Karn. (*॰) in Hindustani also GAD'H or GARH,
&c., g. v. (the cerebral d being pronounced something
like r, and in Hindustani being always aspirated) A small
fort, especially a hill fort.
Gadkar{, Mar. (गडकर्णी ) A soldier or peon serving in a
hill fort.
Gadnās, Mar. (गडनीस) An officer who keeps the account
of the charges of a fort.
GApA, Mar. (गाडा) A common cart for carrying loads.
See Gddi.
GADA, Karn. (Kॐ) A ferry. A stipulated term for pay
ment of a debt or Sum due.
JKaijada, Karn. (Gbxॐ) A loan without interest
J/ungada, Karn. ( ँ9००xॐ) Advance of pay.
Tenjala-gada, Karn. (डॆ०xंxं) Monthly term of pay
ment.
Warshada-gada, Karn. (ॐॐ४०ॐxॐ ) Annual payment, or
payment at the end of a year.
GADAyr, GUDUM, Mar. (गदम) Watery, moist (as land),
receiving and retaining water (soil).
GADAyrU,Tel.(7जं99) Grass growing in fields ofdry grain.
 GAD GAD

GADAR, also GADDAR or GUDDUR, H. ७e's ) Half-ripe । GADE, Tel. (7त्यव्) A barn.

fruit or corn. GADI, Ben. (?ीनि) GADI, Mar. (गादी) GADDr, GU DDEE,
GAI)AR, GADUR, H. 96७, गाडग्) A sheep. H. ( .* ) A cushion or any padded seat, or sheet, or
Gadarid, Guduria, H. (५90% गडयिा) Gddari/%, Ben. carpet on which a person sits. The seat of rank or
(*ीजङ्गिपl) A shepherd, one by caste as well as occupation. royalty, a simple sheet, or mat, or carpet on the floor,
There are several subdivisions of the caste in the north with a large cushion or pillow at the head, against which
west prowinces, between whom no social intercourse sub the great man reclines.
sists. Amongst the Gadarids the younger brother mar Gaddi-nashin, H. (from P. Jं, who sits) A chief a
ries the elder brother’s widow : the elder brother has not principal, a prince, one who sits upon the gaddi : the
the same privilege. heir-apparent is sometimes so designated.
GADDA, Tel. (Kं)
GADDE, Karn. (x3) A bulbous root. GADGARA, Hindi (गदगरा) Abounding in moisture (soil,
URLA- or URALA-GADpA or GADD#, A potatoe. &c.)
GADDA, Tel. (Kं) A water-course (Ganjam), GADOGOL, H. (J;%As) Muddy water.
Gaddateru-indmu, (?) Rent free grant for bringing waste GADHAN. Asamese (*ीथिन) Poll-tax.
land into cultivation (Madras), GADHE-KA-HAL, H. (Os ४._*.४ ) An ass's plough, one
GADDAD, GUDDAD, (?) Broken uneven ground brought drawn by asses over the ruins of a captured fort, as a
into cultivation by the hand. A class of landholders mark of contempt.
in the ceded districts, holding their lands at a reduced Gadhe-par-chaphdnd, H. (५Bºx _*.४ ) To seat upon
rent, on account of their having lewelled and brought an ass, a kind of punishment or disgraceful public ex
broken ground into cultivation. Ceded districts.- ँth posure ; sometimes the culprit was seated with his face
Rep. 794. to the tail, or had his face partly blackened.
GADDE, corruptly, GUDDEv, Karn. (K3) Wet or paddy GApi, or GARi, Mar. (गडी) A person or individual of a
land ; land fit for rice cultivation, or on which rice is class or caste ; used in this sense in composition, as,
grown. An embankment, a bank or dike. Brdhmam-1adi, an individual Brahman, &c.
Gadde-bedalu, Karn. (xंॐco)
Wet and dry land, or । GA0f, Ben., Mar. (?ीर्जी, गाडी) Tel. and Karn. (7त्ळ3)
wet and dry cultivation. -

|।
A carriage, a cart, especially for the carriage of persons.
Gadde-gada, Karn. (Kंxॐ) A ridge or bank dividing
|
In Hindustani it is written as well as pronounced Gdrt,
rice fields. ५. W.
Gadde-hasi-hullu-hama, Karn. (x3०2०७g००) A tax ।| Gade-bagdr, Mar. (गाडे बगाड) Swinging round a mast
|
formerly lewied in Mysore on grass grown on the banks | fixed in a cart which mowes round the idol.
of the paddy fields, half of which was given by the cul । GAI)I, or GARI, Gu2. (२॥$1) A common labourer, a
tivators for the horses of the Raja. porter.
।
Gadde-kattu, Karn. (*ं) *

A bank, a dike, an em- ! GADI, Karn. (K०) A district. It has a similar meaning
bankment. | in the Rajmahal hills, or a small division of country ;
Gadde-nadi, Karn (*ंe) A paddy feld. also in Karn., a boundary.
(xं२९०७
Gadde-niru-kuli, Karn. ४) A tax on water Gadi-hallu, Karn. (K०$ं) A stone set up to mark a
supplied by gowernment reservoirs to rent-free or pagoda boundary.
lands.
। GADi, Ben. (?ीी) Mar. (गादी) GApr, Karn. (*०) Half
Gadde-2amin, (?) IAands on which crops that depend upon a ream, or ten Guires of paper.
the rains are grown. GADf, Mar. (गादी) An exclusive right of sale, a monopoly.
GADDEM U, Tel. (Kं००)
Force, compulsion. । GADIANUN, Gu2. (२,६lottt ) A goldsmith's weight,
GADDHRI, H. (.9*:) The unripe pod of the gram plant edual to 20 cals, 8 mdshas, or half a tola, or about छे2
(Cicer arietinum). grains troy.
GADDI, Tel. (*३) Grass, straw. । GADicHAr, or GuDEECHUT, H. (G-*.४) A sort of grass
Gaddi-pacal, Tel (*87े२०) Waste land (Salem), similar to Ditb, but much larger, also used as fodder.
16I 9 T
 GAD GAJ

GAnfPATr, Ben. (*tiलिी*उि, from Gadi, a bench) The GAHLOT, or GAHILOT, H. (G-;५* ) A tribe of Rājputs, ex
। chief of a body of religious mendicants. tensively spread through the north-west provinces and
GADRA, GUDRA, H. ()os ) Unripe corn or fruit. Rajputana. The Raja of Udaypur is a member of one of
GADUBA, -BU, or GApUwA, Karn. (Kॐo०, -89O, Xॐ७ॐ) their most celebrated branches, the Sisodya.
GAI)Uw U, Tel. (Kॐoं७) A fixed term for payment an GAHts, Mar. (गहं) Wheat. See Gehum.
instalment. GAHU Rf, H. (-9*) IDemurrage.
Gadu-humdi, Karn. (Kॐ७००००) A bill payable after a GAINI, also read GENI, and, corruptly, GUENIE, or GUENy,
certain date, or by instalments. Karn. (7रं8ं) Rent paid to the landlord or proprietor.

GAEL, Thug. Treasure. - (The Glossary, छth Rep., explains it incorrectly, Tenant).
GAGARA, Thug. A class of Thugs so called. The word itself is rather doubtful, and does not occur
GAGO.ARI, or -RE, Karn. (Kंe -G) Pieces of loose iron in Reeve’s Karnftta IDictionary. It should possibly be
fastened to a stick to frighten animals and reptiles, com Gehimi, from Gelia, S. and Karn., a house, Relating to
monly carried by post-runners. a house, house-rent, &c. Brown says it is the same as
GAGRA, H. (),४७) A Subdivison of the Bhangi, or Sweeper caste. JKain{, (केणी) A field.
GAHAf, H. ( ८५*) The custom of treading out the sheaves Gaini-chali, or Chali-gaini, corruptly, Guemie-chalie, or
of corn by bullocks. -chall/, Karn. (7ं8ं२aं)) A temant-at-will, one whose
GAHAk, H. (cº-*७, from S. ग्राहक) A purchaser. rent is resumable.

GAHAM, Thug. Food. _ Gaini-hdr, Gaini-gdr, or Gaini-ndld, Karn. A temant,

GA HAN, GUHUN, H. ७* S. ग्रहणं) An eclipse. a rent-payer.
GAHAN, corruptly, GHAAN, Mar. (गहाण, from S. ग्रहणं, Gaini-nairmal, (?) Karn. A proprietor of land.
taking) GAHNA, H. (U५४) A pawn, a pledge or thing Gaini-shadmal, (?) Karn. A tenant at a fixed and per
in pawn, a mortgage. ILand held by mortgage tenure. petual rent.
Gahdnkhat, Mar. (from P. kas-, a writing) A mortgage Gaini-chiti, corruptly, Gueng/-chit, Karn. Agreement for
bond, a pawnbroker’s ticket. payment of rent, receipt or acknowledgment of rent.
Galudn-patro, corruptly, -putr, Mar. (गहाणपच) A deed of IMil-gaini-gdr, Karn. Original lessee or mortgagee.
mortgage. GAIRA, H. (]*, गैरा) A sheaf of corn, as much given at
Gahdmmrat, Mar. (गहाणवट) In pledge, by way of pledge, harvest to the lower classes of a village as will yield a
pledged. 86r and a Guarter of grain.
GAHAN, GAHUN, H. (Jº७) A harrow with teeth for eradi GAIRADA, Tel. (ं7 ठश्८ऽ”) Waste, uncultivated.
cating grass from ploughed land. Gairdd4-sthalama, Tel. (from S. स्यल, soil) Waste land.
GAHARf, H. (-9*ः गहरी) Low swampy ground, fit for GAITA, Tel. (Zंॐ) Name of a barbarous tribe in the
rice cultivation. Rajamahendri district.
GAHARWAR, GUHURwAR, corruptly, GHERwAL, 99*) GAJ, GUJ, Ben., Mar., &c. (?ञ्जि, or गजः, a vernacular cor
A tribe of Rājputs, extensively spread through the north ruption of P. Gu’, ;) A measure of length. See Ga2.
west provinces : one of the thirty-six royal races, appa Gaj-mojag{, Mar. (गजमोजणी) Measuring fields by the
rently at an early period settled at Kanoj. ८/dj measuring rod.
GAHI, H. ( ५.*७) Five, a total or aggregate of five parts, GAJA, H. (५-s) First sowing of rice at the foot of the
a mode of reckoning ; counting by gdhis is counting by hills, which takes place in the month IBaisdk/.
fives. GAJAN, IBen. (?tiजन्म ) A band or company of persons in
GAHINA, Hindi (५५*, गहिना) also read GAHAN and GAHAN, flicting tortures on themselves in honour of Sica, at the
(गाहनं, गहीन) A heavy plank or flat piece of wood on swing-festival. See Charak.
which a man stands whilst it is dragged by oxen ovor a GAJAR, H. (,-७) A carrot.

ploughed field, to level the ground. See Gdham. | GAJof R, IBen. (?ञ्जि’ीक्) A plasterer, a terrace maker : a
GAHi RA, IBen., Uriya (?ीरीद्भ , from S. गभ्भीर्, deep) Land | terrace. _

lying low, or in a hollow. GAJ.JAR, GUJ.JUR, H. (*) Swampy ground.

1(G2
 GAL
GAL, H. (J':) A kind of tobacco.
GAI.A, H. &c. (P. 'll3, गाला) A pod of cotton, or a ball of
carded cotton.
GALA, Ben. (?fiलl) Lac, Sealing-wax. account of a district containing several willages.
GALA, Mar. (गळ) A hook, a fish-hook, the hangman's hook, | GAMBHi R, Hindi, also abridged, GAIHIR and GAHARi,
that by which those who swing are suspended.
GALA, H. &c. ('s, गला) The throat, the neck.
Galdphdnsa, Mar. (गळठाफांस) A halter, a moose for the neck.
GALAMATi, Hindi (गलामाटी) Rich free mould ; from gal4,
rotted (Puraniya).
GAI.ANTA, Mar. (गव्ठंत) A cypher placed after the first letter
of a word, or the first word of a sentence, to denote the
omission of the rest.
GALAw-DARI, Ben. (*नीषजि, from ?ala), on the neck,and
dari, a rope) Hanging, strangulation.
Gal4/adari/%, Ben. (?ीलीपमजिपl) Deserving to be hanged.
GALEvU, Karn. (Kंe.७j) A complete ploughing apparatus.
GALf, H. &c. (Js) Abuse.
GALI, Tel. (7र्ज्9) A heap of salt, egual to 15 ८/arces.
GALLi, H. (५७) A bullock that lies down in the midst of
his work.
GALIGE, Karn. (K९?7रं) A large basket for storing corn.
GALLA, GULLA, Mar., Tel., &c. (गल्वा, Kंय्व्, vernacular
corruption of the A. Ghala, &l3) Grain of every kind ः ।
also Ghalla, ५. w.
Gall4-kharid{, Mar. (गल्बाखणरौदी) A cess levied on all
purchases of corn by the village.
Gall6-tolapatt?, Mar. (गज्ञातोलपट्टी) A cess levied on a ।
village, to cover any possible loss of weight in dividing
the crop with the cultivator.
Gallchar{, Mar. (गज्ञेकरी) A corn-chandler.
Galle-patti, Mar. (गज्ञेपट्टी) A tax imposed upon willages
under the Maratha government, in lieu ofgrain formerly
exacted for. the public stables. An extra money cess ।|
charged on the amount of the crop, at so much per
maund. _ |
GALLi, GULLEE, H. &c. (Jºs , गज्ञी) A lane, an alley.
GALLU, Karn. (?ंं?) Hanging, as of a culprit.
Gallinaha//a, Karn. (Kg,७०x) A halter. | individual invested with the authority being one of them
GALTANS, H. (U~ंs) IDying without issue. (From the S.
galita, गलित, lost, and ams, अंशाः, portion or inheritance).
GALUā, Hindi (गलुस्र) Soil excessively humid, in which
the crops turn yellow and rot (Puraniya).
GAyr, pronounced Goxt, Ben. (१ोभ, abbreviation of S. गोधूम)
Wheat.
l68
GAN
। GAM, corruptly, GAUM, H. &c. (,:, abbrewiation of ग्राम)
A village. See Grdm.
Gdmagdnelekhlaha, Karn. (7रब्397त्वं) Revenue
(गम्भीरं, गैहिर, गहरी, from the S. गम्भीर, deep) Deep,
commonly applied to soil of a rich Guality, descending to
a more than usual depth before reaching the sub-soil :
most of the soil of Malwa is so termed.
GAMALLAwADU, Tel. (xं,~णं) A toddy drawer ; the
caste following that business, Said to be derived from a
Sidra father and Kshatri/a mother.
GAMRi, Hindi (गमर्णी) The corn when swelled out with the
ear not yet protruded.
GANA, Karn. (7स्थ99) An oil-mill.
Gdigaterije, Karn. (7त्ळ:०डॆo7ं) A tax on oil-presses in
Mysore.
GANA, S., adopted in most dialects, (गण) A troop, a flock,
a multitude ; an assembly of families to decide upon a
domestic difference or impropriety, In Mysore it is ap
plied apparently to the sect or Society of Lingayats.
Gandichdr, Karn. (Kश्aaकळं, from S. आाचारं, usage) A
fee formerly paid by the Lingayats to their priests at
their marriages; subseduently included in the cesses pay
- able to the government (in Mysore). Properly, the ob
servance or established usage of any associated body.
| Gandichdri, incorrectly, Gunnacharce, Karn. (Aश्a&ग्a०,
from S. गणः, and साचार्यी, a teacher) A censor, an in
" spector of morals appointed originally by the gowernment
of Bidnur, but continued under the Marathas in Karnāta.
1 His duty was especially to notice violations of caste, eat
। ing forbidden food, intercourse with impure castes, for
nication and adultery, which he was empowered to punish।
by expulsion from the caste, and restoration to it could
। not be eflected without his concurrence. He received fees
on marriages and deaths, and fines for minor offences
against caste, for which the office still subsists partially,
| although usually set up by the castes themselves; the
selves, recognised as a chief or head.
Ganadratya, Karn. (from S. द्रव्य, thing) Common stock,
common property.
Gamagoshthi, IBen. (*८१ीव्रैी) A race, a family, family
lineage or genealogy.
Ganakumdrika, Karn. (Kं२&S6ऽ०० ँ) A tax on the
 GAN GAN

income (? the marriages of the daughters) of Lingayat । GANDAM, GUNDUM, H. (P. ods) Wheat.
priests. GANDAPENDARA, Karn. (Wo ँई००८ग्व्ॐ) A badge of
Gapapati, S. (गणपति) A name of Ganesa. honour, a medal, &c.
Gandrddhama, Karn. (Kं२००० ँॐ) A feast given by a GANDARwALA, GUNDURwALA, H. ('9Ais) Part of a sugar
Jangama priest to his followers. mill, the receptacle of the cane before it is cut.
Ganesa, S. (गणेशा) A Hindu divinity, characteriZed by an GANDASA, GANDASI, GUNpASA, GUNDASEE, H. (५०l3ं,
elephant's head, who, in his character of remover of ob ७~' ं ) A sickle in general, one used for cutting down
stacles, is worshipped especially at the commencement of sugar-cane, jamodr stalks, or thorny bushes. Also, in
an undertaking. This, and similar terms as the pre IDehli, a tax formerly lewied on the number of such im
ceding, imply that he is lord or chief (ईशा -पति, &c.) over plements in the hands of the Ryots.
various classes Ganas) of inferior divinities. GANDERI, H. (APं ) Pieces of sugar-cane.
Ganesa-chattirthi, S. A festival in honour of Ganesa on GANDHA, S. &c. (गन्घ:) Smell, fragrance, any fragrant sub
the 4th of the light half of Bhadra stance, Sandal-wood or other odorous matter pounded for
Gaijih4, Hindi, &c. (S. गणिका) A prostitute. rubbing on the person or on the figures of the gods, &c.
GANAKA, S, adopted in most dialects, (गणकः) An astro In Karn. Ganda or Gandha, ( X० ँ, x० ँ) means espe

loger, a caster of nativities, a keeper of genealogies, and cially, Sandal wood.

negociator of marriages. Gandha-banik, Ben. (from दभिहि, a trader) A druggist, a
GANANA, S., and in many dialects, (गणन) Computing, cal perfumer.
culating. Gandha-bir02a, H. ( 9x*4-४ ) Frankincense, the resin of
GAsAURI, H. (.9;s) A bulrush (Eastern Oudh), the Boswellia thurifera : also of a kind of pine (P. lon
GANDA, GUNDA, H. (soं) GANDA, Ben. (*७) A money of gifolia).
account, eduivalent in reckoning to four haumris or cowry Gandhasarā-mellu, Karn. (x०ॐ०र्रg)) A sort of rice

shells,or the twentieth part of an ama. Twenty Gandas make
one pam. The value of the 0anda in practice varies,
and from four to six may be rated as a chhaddm, but
as a mode of reckoning in general it invariably implies
four. To count by gandas is to count by fours.
Ganddhiyd, Ben. (*t७दिीपt) Method of counting by four,
the most usual multiple in Bengal.
GANDA, (?) Lands situated nearest to the willage.
grown in Mysore.
' Gandhel, H. (OsAs) A fragrant grass (Andropogon
calamus aromaticus), from the leaves, culms, and roots
of which a sweet-Smelling essential oil is distilled.
Gandhila, H. ('APAis) Fetid, bad smelling, The name
of a low and vagrant caste in the north-west provinces,
who make mats, and exhibit feats of activity : they are
also thieves.

GANDA, H. (४As) Fetid, foul smelling. Gandhottamma, Tel. (xc' ँॐ.ॐ०, S. गन्ध, and उक्तम, best)
GANDA, H. (loG७, गाडॆा) Sugar-cane, or a cane when ready Spirituous liduor, the fermented juice of the palm, tdrā
for cutting. _ or todd/.
GANDA, H. (l3is) A knotted string round a child’s neck GANDHA, Ben. (***t) Relationship, connexion, friendship.
to protect it from evil eyes, Mar. (गंडां) A string bound GANDHARBBA, S. (गन्धर्व्वे:) A kind of inferior divinity, at
round the wrist or ancle, as a charm or protection against tendant upon Indra and Kuvera, and distinguished for
evil influences. musical proficiency.
GANDAGRAM, Ben. (१७dliभ) A principal or respectable Gandharbba, S. (गान्धर्व्वे) Relating to a Gandharbba, as
willage. music, singing ; a form of marriage formerly recognised as
GANDADA-PO'MMU, Karn. (x०ॐॐईं/०ॐ०३) A fine, for legal, depending solely upon the mutual consent of par
merly lewied from the cultivators of gardens for turning ties of the Kshetri/a, or military order. _

up sandal seedlings in ploughing (Mysore). GANDHU, H. ७sAं) A branch of the Jat tribe.
GANDAL or GANDAR, GANDUL, GANDUR, H. (Joss,AGS) GANDr, Tel. (A००) A breach in the bank of a tank made
Thatching grass, the root of which, or khaskhas, is used by the water, a channel cut in it to let out the water
for Tattis (Andropogon muricatum). for irrigation : also a pass in the hills.
104
 GAN
GANDRU PIN, H. (७:9;***) A Hindu dancing-girl ः (perhaps
an abridgement of S. Gandarblia-rajpini).
GANGA, GUNGA, S. (गगा) The river Ganges, the river
Godaveri, any river. (The word occurs in all the dialects,
but sometimes in composition with the final shortened or
elided),
Gangdla, H. (AluGs ) Lands subject to inundations of the
Ganges. _
Gang6-jal, Gunga.jul Ben. (???fiञ्जल) The water of the
Ganges, sometimes applied to the water of any river re
puted holy. A kind of oath, swearing by the Ganges
water ; more correctly, Gan//dःjal-sapath, oath by the
Ganges water, or Gangdःjal-spar8a, touching the water
of the Ganges, which forms part of the ceremony.
Gangdjali, IBen. (S. **ीष्जनी) Swearing by the water of
the Ganges.
Gangdjali/d, Ben. (S. *?ीञ्जिनीष) A person who has ad GANIME, Tel. (*&व्O) Aridge of earth dividing two fields.
ministered, or who has taken an oath by the Ganges :
used contemptuously.
Gangalabh, Ben. (S. १ी*?ीलिीजं, from S. लाभ, obtaining)
Being brought to the banks of the Ganges to die there.
Committing a dead body to the river. Also Gangdprdpti,
(from S. प्राप्तःि, obtaining) and Gangd/4trd,(from S. याचा,
a going)
Gangdiputra, or Gungapootr, S. H. (from S. पुच, a son)
A tribe of inferior Brahmans, who pretend to be a branch
of the Kanoj Brāhmans, and who call themselves sons of
Gangft, claiming a right to attend pilgrims and direct
their ablutions at Benares, and other holy places on
the banks of the Ganges. At Benares, where they are
most numerous, they claim a hereditary right to the bank
between high and low-water mark. Some follow agri
culture.
Gangti-Tidm, Thug. Rama and Ganga, two divinities; but,
as used by the Thugs, a hint that danger is nigh.
Gangdsdjara, S. (from सागर, the ocean) The place where
the Bhagirathf branch of the Ganges debouches into the
Bay of Bengal.
Gangd-yamund, commonly, Gunga.jumna, (from गंगा, and
यमुना, the river Wamunā, vulgo Jumna) A mode of ad
justing an account of borrowed money, interest paid to
the creditor until the whole debt is discharged, and, on
the other hand, interest allowed to the debtor on all the
instalments he may pay.
Gang-bardr, or -bar-dmad, H. (2!Aं, Or o--)ं, from
10छे
GAN
P._A, and A-॰,ि or ु,ि bringing or coming) Alluvial land
recovered from a river, especially from the Ganges.
Gangodaka, S. (from उदक, water) The water of the Ganges,
or any holy river.
Gang-shikast, H. (from P. ७*~~, to break) Encroach
ments of the Ganges, or any other river.
Gangthart, also Gangdtir, Mar. (गंगयङ्गी, गंगातीर्) The
country along the banks of the Godacer; river. (From
S. स्यली, a place, or तीर, a bank).
GANGANA, Tel. (7ज्`०7पुत्v ") By willages, settlement of
revenue by willages; the same as Mausamudr : (vernacular
corruption of /aon, or grdma, repeated),
GANGUTiA-BANDI, Uriya (६ं8च॥०॥२1) An embankment,
a dike.
GANIGE, Tel.(K&7) An oil-mill, one worked by oxen.
Ganijar, Karn. (Kºo7ां) An oil-maker or vendor.
GANITA, S. (गणित) Counted, computed ; computation, arith
metic.
JDija, or Wija-7amita, Algebra.
GANJ, GUNJ, corruptly, GUNJP, H. &c. (P. e*) A mart,
a market : in Bengal and Hindustan a village or town
which is an emporium for grain and other necessaries of
life : in the designation of such a place the word is
commonly compounded with some other word, not un
freguently English, as, Isldm-ganj, Captain-Ganj, Iterel
ganj, &c. In Maratha the word also signifies a heap or
pile of grain, a rick, a stack, &c.
Ganji, Mar. (गंजी) A small stack.
Ganjihhdna, Mar. (P. AG'*-, a house) A yard with many
stacks of hay, &c. : a lumber-room.
GANJA, or GANHA, H. (ं’s) The hemp plant (Cannabis
sativa), or, according to some authorities, a different species
(Cannabis indica) : according to others, it is appiicable
to the plant only whilst young. In the north-west pro
vinces the term also designates an intoxicating liguor, an
infusion of the young flowers and leaves in water. In
Bengal the same are dried and pounded, and then used
in smoking. The intoxicating property depends in either
case upon the resinous exudation of the plant adhering to
the vegetable substance, See IBhang/.
Gdnjakhor, Ben. (?fi*ऊो८stiङ्ग) A smoker of hemp, one
addicted to its use.
Gdnjamcdld, H. (}}} &ं७) A wendor of intoxicating pre
parations of hemp.
2 U
 GAN GAO

GAsJAR, H. Us’s) A kind of grass. Ganthio, Gu2. (tर्थlºtu) A pickpocket, a swindler.

GANJP LI, H. (J.As*) A kind of coarse sacking or can Gdntā-hditd, Ben. (Trieन्तिीक्iषॆ) A cutpurse, a pickpocket :
was made from the fibres of the hemp plant. the natives usually tie their money up in a corner of
GAN.Jf FA, H. &c. (P. ४ं, गंजीफा) Cards; the game, or their upper garment in a kmot, whence the expression.
the cards with which it is played. The pack consists Also, a plunderer or cutter open of packages.
of ninety-six cards, divided amongst eight suits. Gdnti-clilidird, IBen. (१॥२नििश्ोजi) Tying the bride and
GANKAR, or GA KAR, H. 0%s, ),४७) A kind of coarse bridegroom together, as part of the marriage ceremony :
bread, made from inferior grains or pulse, and imper a cloth, with fruit, &g., is placed upon their hands, and
fectly baked. _
one end is fastemed to the borders of the dress of the
GAssA, GusNA, H. (ं) Sugar-cane, a cane especially woman, the other to that of the man.
when ready for cutting. GASTI, Ben. (?fiं ङी) Insertion of an article among others.
Gankaita, H. (ंks) A man whose business it is to cut Gdati.jamd, IBen. (१ीi*ङीष्ामा )Including a small parcel of
the cane into lengths of about six inches for feeding land in the general rent.
the mill. ? GANTRI, Ben. (S. ?” ～ी) A car or cart drawn by oxen.
GANNEL, H. (JAं७) A species of long grass used for GASTण्, Tel Karn. (*०ं9) Stock capital, principal as
thatching. ६ opposed to interest : a debt.
GANNI, commonly, GINNy, H. (As) A name given to the GAN U, Thug. One of the gang who on occasions shams
coarse bags made of a sort of sacking from the fibres of sickneSS.

the Pait (Corchorus capsularis) : the word is a corruption GANUA, Thug. Any fraud or trick of Thugs.
of that first given to the Pait by Rumphius, Gania, which GANUGA, Tel. (7णंx) An oil or sugar press.
was no doubt the Mara.ha, or rather Sanskrit Gond or GAN w, always pronounced, and sometimes written GAON,
Goni, ५. w. H. (*७, Mar. गवि) A village. A measure of distance,
GANo, Thug. A class of Thugs. four kos, varying from four to mine miles. (The word
GANOT, Gu2. (२utituct) Ground-rent of land let by pro is a vernacular corruption of Grdm, ५. v. ; also see below
prietors to tenants or cultivators for the purpose of cul Gºdom.
tivating and improving it. - Gammcdr’, H. 9';* , abbreviation of Gdonn’ttr) Willage,
Ganot-ndmun, or -ndom, GuZ. (२uttºtºtt्टुं) A lease of rude, rustic ; a clown, a villager. _

land given by the proprietor to cultivators, stating the GAON, corruptly, GoNG, H., Mar. (७: ं, the same as GAN w,
extent, name, and site, as well as the amount of rent. or गांव, corruption of ग्राम) A village, See Grdm.
Ganotio, (२uttuºttoft) A tenant, a leaseholder. Gdombad, II. (cº- ं;५) A division of a Taluk into se
GANTH, GANTHA, or GAN' Hf, H. (Ads, `ं७, ५*५, S. parate villages, or of the several additional or subordinate
ग्रनिय) A knot or tie ; fig., an engagement. In the villages attached to the one originally assessed. See
north-west it is applied to the refuse of straw, com Gditaillandi.

prising the knotted parts of the stalk and ear-ends, which। Gaion-derat6ं, Mar. (गांवदेवता) The village idol.
are formed in a separate pile on the threshing-floor : the Gdondhe, or Gdondh(gaon, Mar. (गांवढे, गांवढेगांव) A
colder of English agriculture. small village, a hamlet.
GANTHA, H. (५े-७) A fractional part, one twentieth of a Gdonjanna, Mar. (गविगन्ना) By willages ; distributively,
.jari), egual to three 0a2. In GuZ. the Ganthd (ºtथu) as village assessments, &c.
is a measure of eight feet in length. Gaonhar, Gaonkar, Mar. (गविकर्) A villager : a Sidra
Gdnthi-ddr, II. 9le ७*५५) An occupant of lands under appointed in a village where there are no IBrāhmans to
a landlord at a fixed rent and by heritable tenure. attend upon the village idol.
Ganthijand, A. (***- .*५) Hereditary under-tenancy Gionhar, Karn. (7ज्e०७०० ँ) The head-man ofa village
of land at a fixed and permanent rent. (Sonda).
Ginti, or Gdai, IBen. (१ti*प्रेि, ?tiं, S. ग्रग्यि) A knot, Gdom/harch, H. Mar. (रुः9ं,४ , गiवखचॆ ) Willage charges.
a tie, a parcel, a bale of goods. See G'/'dma//arch.
1(G0
 GAO GAR

Gaonkusia, Mar. (गांवकुर्मू) The village wall or fence. GARAo, H. ()%) An instrument for cutting.jandr stalks,
Gaonnemmaik, Mar. (गांवनेमनूक) Expenses of willage esta &c., for fodder (Central and Lower Doab).
blishments. GARAPA, Tel. (?ंं०) Stony, gravelly (as soil).
Gdionsion, Mar. (गांवशींव) A general term for a village Garapa-bhimi, Tel. (Kंo-७२०, from S. भूमि, land)
or willages. Sandy or gravelly soil.
Gdonsai, Mar. (गविसई) Annual propitiation of the wil G.t RAPAGAR, or -GARI, or -GARwA, Mar. (गारपगार -ग्री -या.
lage blitits, or goblins, by offerings of fruits and flowers. from Mar. गारं, a hailstone, and S. सपकार:, who drives
Gdionthan, corruptly, Gaotom, Mar. (गांवठनं, from स्यानं, away) An individual supposed to have a power over hail
place) Site of a willage, whether in ruins or still stand storms, and who is retained in some villages as part of
ing ; also Gaonthal (from S. स्यल, soil). the establishment, to prevent their injuring the crops.
Gaontd, H. (Uं,s) Willage expenses. GARARI, GURAREE, H. (.४9'A) The block over which the

Gionti, H. Mar. (ं,५) Of or belonging to a willage. rope of a well traverses.

Gaontia, H. (५ं,s) A small hamlet. GARASf, H. (C~JP) An implement for cutting jarctir
Gaogikd, H. (४ं;) The head manager of a village, stalks, thorn-bushes, &c.
e(juivalent to a Mukaddam elsewhere (Sohagpur). (The GARATA, Karn. (Kॐष्ठं, wernacular form of S. गृहस्य,
first term is an abbreviation of Gdon or Grdm). ५. v.) A householder.
Gum-gdom, Mar. (गुमगांव, from P. (* lost) A willage, the GARAwA, Hindi (गरावा) A light and poor soil, in which।
site of which is unknown. the crops never come to perfection (Puraniya).
GAPAN, IBen. (?fi१न्) Denial or concealment of facts, pre GARBHA, S. &c., vernacularly also, GABH, (गर्भे, गाभ) The
varication, self-contradiction. embryo, the foetus ; sometimes, but less accurately, the
GAPSA, GUPSA, H. (५~ं) Hard soil, of a whitish appearance. womb. In Bengal the term is also applied to the whole
GAR, or GARBHANG, Thug. A share of spoil. Space covered by the Ganges when at its utmost extent
GARA, GURA, H. (',s) A large sheaf; except in the Dehli in the height of the rainy season.
district, where it denotes a small one. Garbhddhaina, S. (गर्भ, the womb, and अाधानं, holding)
Gardbatdi, H. (.s-५]*) IDivision of produce without A ceremony performed on the first indications of preg
threshing, by stacking the sheaves in proportionate shares. nancy ; One of the Sanskftras, or essential rites of the
(Rohilkhand). Hindus.

GA BA, GARU H, H. (४,७) IAow land on which water does Garbha-7riha, or Garbha-sthala, S. (from गर्भे, the womb,
not lie long (Upper Doab). and गृहं, a house, or स्यल, a place) The interior of a

GARA, H. (७७) A class of Mohammadan cultivators in dwelling, the inner apartments, the sanctuary of a temple,
Sahātranpur. the adytum in which the idol stands.
GARAI)A, Mar. (गराडा) A body (of troops, &c.) forming a Garbhaja, S. (गभैज) Born of the mother, a son, whether
cordon or investment. begotten illegitimately or of a wife by another father
GARAI)f, Mar. (गराडी) A cart-rut : the groove in which the than the husbamd under Special appointment, when the
wheel moves that bruises lime and prepares it for mortar. child is logitimate.
GARAGADAyl U, Tel. (KॐxॐंOO) Marks made with cow GARDEZI, H. (-929* ) A class of Saiyids in MuZafferpur.
dung and water upon heaps of winnowed grain to pre GARDI, (English Guard) Native soldicrs disciplined after
vent depredation. the European mode to act as guards : (an obsolete
(GARAGESANNANELU, Karn. (Kं7ं७०६२र्रe७) A sort of term.)
rice grown in Mysore. GARDi, GU RDEF, Mar. (गदीं) IDustiness, confusion, disorder,
GARA KANATTU, Tel. (xesं)
A tough and deep tumult, rout of an army, state of public dismay and
distress.
rooted grass, growing in some fields, and weeded only
by ploughing. GARDORA, H. (!}e,ः) A small pit.
GARA-KATA-JARi B, Uriya (१llG.१8|99.1a) Measured by a GARERAN, II. (७)ं) The receptacle for the sugar-cane
rod, exact measurement. before it is cut.
107
 GAR
GAnr, Karn. (7ज्ञ्यै) A plaster or mortar of chunam or
burnt lime, used to coat the walls of apartments.
Gdrehdr, Karn. (7रव्ठंठव्)6) A plasterer.
Wajrajare, Karn. (* ७97त्व्वै) A mixture of lime, plaster,
and small stones, used for making floors; the Khoa of GAruANTAIL, Ben. (*निर्देउल) Wood oil, an oil that exudes
Bengal.
GARo, H. (e-iं, from the S. गगै:, a celebrated Rishi, and
founder of the Garga family) One of the sixteen Sub
divisions of the Kanojia Brithmans.
Gargbansi, H. ( ७“ं9* ) A tribe of Rājputs so called,
chiefly in Gorakhpur and AZimgarh.
GAutGAwA, H. (!}9* ) Agrass growing in low ground during
the rains, and sometimes injurious to the rice.
GARH, GURH, H. (७;) also GADHf, or GARHf, (A*ं,
…9*ः गढी) A fort, a hill fort, a mud fort, or one the
walls of which are of very thick clay, strengthened
by bastions. The word occurs also in this and other
dialects with the cerebral unaspirated d, as, Gad, Gud,
(गड), but in either case the d is pronounced much the
same as ?’, The word also occurs with an initial aspi
rate, Gllar or Ghari, but this is incorrect.
GABHA, H. (५)*, गढा) A pit, a cave, a ravine.
GARHAI, H. (Jं9ः) A small pond.
GARHAL, Hindi (गरहाल) Land without moisture (Puraniya).
GARHAPATyA, S. (गार्हपत्य) The sacred fire of the house
holder, (Grihapati,) of which this is a regular derivative.
GARH IBAND, GURHEEBUND, H. (A५ ५*) Tenure of land।
in Bundelkhand, on payment of a guit-rent much below
the usual amount, arising out of the successful resistance
which the possessors of the Garhis, or forts, made to the
Maratha government, who were compelled to reduce their
demand to the lowest Sum which the landholder would
consent to pay. The holder of land on these reduced
terms (Bundelkhand).
GARi, GUREE, Uriya (६l6.1, from Ben. १ीजि, a wave) Undu
lating ground.
GARi, or GApf, H. &c. C ॰ंछ७ः •0% गाडी) A carriage of
any description, a carriage or a cart for the conveyance
of persons : see Gºddi.
Garildn, or Garictin, H. &c. (७५gs, J}9s) Acoach
man, the driver of a coach or car.
Gdr?, Gdli, GuZ. (out*l) A cart-load, a corn measure
of thirty maunds.
GARIA, or GADIA, Uriya (६ll6.1थl) A small tank or re
servoir of water.
108
GAT
GARIM, (?) Tel. An apparatus for raising water from a well.
GARISA, corruptly, GARCE, Tel. (Koॐ) GARASI, -SE, Karn.
(Kॐ3, .ळै) A measure of grain egual to 400 markdls,
or 185.2 cubic feet=9860 lb. avoirdupois, See Markdl.
from incisions in the bark of several Species of Diptero
carpus.
GARJAT, Uriya (६1ं२१॥६) Estates in the hill country of
Orissa.
GARKHA, Thug. The neck.
GARMATTU, Karn. (KGo६ ॐ) Any kind of reed, grass,
Or COrn.
GARRI, GU RREE, H. (.ॐ)A haystack, a rick (Lower
Doab). A large stack of wheat or barley, the produce
of one field (Upper Doab). A large stack of kharif
produce (Rohilkhand).
GARTHA, Thug. The dead body of a wictim.
GARUSU, GARASU, Karn. (KॐOKo, KGCO) Gravel.
Garusa-nela, Karn. (KCOK39र्रe) A gravelly soil.
GARUvU, Tel. (KCOं)) Gravelly soil.
GARwA, Mar. (गरवा) Ripening late; applied to particular
grains which are slow of coming to maturity.
GASA, Karn. (7रव्)७, vernacular corruption of both S.
grdsa, ग्रासं, and H. gh48a, घास) Subsistence, salary, pay ;
forage for cattle.
GAsHT, H. (P. ५-4.3) GAST, Mar. (गस्त) Tel. (Kं.) GASTI,
Karn. (Kं७.) Watch, patrol going the rounds, the
boundaries of a division of a town or willage, a division
or ward of a town, that is, the range or beat of the patrol.
Gashti, Gushtee, H. ( _*** , from P. ७*** , to turn round)
Presents to a revenue officer, on his making the tour of
his district.
Gasht-mahal, H. (J५-२५-~~* ) A toll or transit duty
levied in some Zamindaris upon boats passing.
Gasht-salaimi, H. (.••"“ ५~~.s) A tax or fee levied by
public officers under the native governments, when making
either a revenue or judicial circuit.
GATA, H. ( ं७) Woking bullocks together to tread out
grain (Dehli). A plot or piece of land, a part of a
willage.
Gatabandi, Gatabundee, H. (.soG५ 4ं७) Division of a
village by parcels or plots of land, some of which may
be scattered among the fields of several other villages.
Also termed Gdtemºdr 9}}ं७),
GATA-AwAJI, Ben. (?उिञ्चाषदजी, from S. गत, gone, and A.
 GAT GAU

drra:, ०*, exchange) Transfer of land or of revenue Gauditya, Mar. (गीदिच्य) Form of oath, swearing while
payment from one Ryot to another. holding the tail of a cow.
GATA-KHAMAR, Ben. (?गङथiभोद्भवं, from थiभोद्भव , a threshing Gdukhdma, H. (AG5-9७) A cow stable or stalls.

floor) Lapse of a Ryot's holding into the possession of Gaukos, Mar. (गौकोश) A land measure, the distance at
the Zamindar. which the lowing of a cow may be heard.
GArHA, H. (५्) The twentieth part of a Jarib. Also 6duli, Gaolee, (.*) A cowherd ; a caste living by
Ganthd. keeping cows and selling milk : different classes of them
Gathrodmsi, H. (.~'ं)
The twentieth part of a Gathd. are known in the IDakhin, distinguished sufficiently by
GATHAUND, H. (Aं) A pledge or deposit tied up in a their appellations, as, Ahir-Gduli, a branch of the Ahfrs;
bag JKonkami-Gduli, natives of the Konkan ; and Lingdyat
GATHBANDHAN, H. (७*…५ ं, from Gdnth, a knot) Tying Gduli, followers of the Jangam sect.
a knot, especially tying the clothes of the bride and bride G4ushum4ri, Gaoshoomaree, H. (.9'~ं,५) An enume

groom together, as part of the marriage ceremony. See ration or census of cattle, a tax upon cattle.
Gdintichhdrd. GAUCHANA, GoUCHUNA, H. (U**) ILand sowed with
GATHI, H. (.*) A pad put on the back of a beast of wheat and chana.

burthen. GAUp, pronounced GAUR, H. &c. C;) S. GAUpA, (गौड,

GATHIA, H. (५ās) A pannier, a sack, a bundle.
GATHONI, Thug. A knot in a turban, or any piece of cloth
in which money or jewels may be concealed.
GATH!ti, GUTHREE, H. &c. (.9ं, गठडी) Abag ः money
brought in payment of revenue in a bag (Benares), A Brahmans of Bengal proper, who are distinguished
bundle, a package, a parcel.
GATKUL, or GATKULi, H., Mar., &c., corruptly, GHUTKooL,
(गतबुल, गतबुली, from S. गत, gone, and कुल, a family)
Applied to property, lands, houses, &c., the proprietors of
which are extinct; unclaimed inheritance ; lands of a
willage uncultivated, or without owners, considered in some
respects as willage property, so that they may be disposed
of sold, or leased by the community, but when not so
disposed of they were often granted in Indma by the
Maratha government.
Gatkail, Mar. (गतकूल) An emigrated or extinct family.
GATTU, Tel. (*ं) A bank, an embankment, a dam or
dyke.
Gattu-t4mu, Tel. (ंश्*००) One twentieth part of
the gross produce collected by Zamindars from each wil
lage for the repair of tanks and embankments.
GATTU, Karn. (*ं) A large trading town.
GATwARA, GUTwARA, or, more correctly, GANTH wARA,
H. (9'*४, 9',ं) A tribe of Jats in the Doab
GAऐ, GAo, also in the uninflected form, especially in com
pounds, Go, also GAi, or GAw, S., but adopted in all
the dialects, (गी, गो, गाय) A cow, an ox, a bull.
Gduchardi, Gaocliuraee, ( Jरुं) GraZing, graZing or
pasture ground; a tax lewied on pasture lands.
169
८गेीज) The ancient name of Central Bengal, and that of
the ruins of its former capital. A name applied to one
of the two great divisions of the Brāhmams, or the Five
Gauras, (see Brdhmana) ; also to one of the five, the
again as Warendriya, Itdrhiya, Sattshati, and Waidika
Brithmans : the two first from their being settled in the
several portions of Gaura, called Warendra and Tºdrh ;
the third as descended from 700 Brāhmanical families
who were settled in Bengal before the introduction of the
families from Kanoj, who are said to have been fugitives
from Orissa ; the fourth from their knowledge of the Wedas.
" The Gaur Brahmans were also classed by Balal Sem, a
Rajaof Bengalabout the eleventh century,in three divisions:
1. Kulinas, from kula, a family, the most respectable
members of the community ; 2. Srotri/as, those who had
passed through the established institutions, and had read
part of the Wedas ; and 8. Wamsajas, merely born Brāh
mans, possessing neither respectability nor learning.
There are other divisions of Bengal Brāhmans of a still
inferior description, degraded by acting as priests for the
mixed castes, or by some peculiarities of a fanciful and
fabulous character. The term Gaur is also applied to
other castes or tribes, as specified by Mr. Elliot.
Gaur-Brahman, H. (७*५2*) The Brāhman of the
Gaur tribe or caste, one of the five Gaurs, but located
in the upper provinces throughout the Subah of Dehli
to the hills. There are many subdivisions of these Gaur
Brāhmans of Hindustan, who are apparently unknown in
2 x
 0GAU
Bengal, as, the Adh-Gaur, Kaithal-Gaur, Gijar-Gauj’,
Sidh-Gaur, &c., amounting in all to forty-two.
Gaur-hdj/ath, H. (ं2* ) One of the twelve divisions
of the Kayastha tribe, or writer caste. Although pro
perly of Bengal, many are found in the upper provinces,
where they settled under the patronage of Nasir-ud-din,
son of Balban, about six centuries ago.
Gaur-Tºdjptit, H. (५-**-!) 2;) One of the thirty-six
royal Rājput races whose origin is doubtful, They are
numerous in the north-western prowinces, divided into
three principal branches :-the Bhat-Gaur, Bahman
Gaur, and Chamar-Gaur ; names derived, Mr. Elliot
supposes, from some intercourse with Bhats, Brāhmans,
and Chamārs.
Gaur-tagd, H. (५$2; ) An important tribe of Brāhman
ical descent in the north-west of India, extending through
a great part of Rohilkhand, the Upper Doab, and ter
ritory of Dehli. According to the fables current among
them, they were originally invited from Bengal by Raja
Janamejaya, king of Hastinapur, for the purpose of ex
terminating the Takshakas or snakes, in concert with the
Raja. Mr. Elliot considers the Takshakas to have been
Buddhist Scythians from the north, who invaded India
about 500 years B. C. The Tagas are so termed, it is
said, from the S. fydja, abandoning', as they abandoned
their Brāhmanical character by accepting and cultivating
the lands granted to them by Janamejaya.
Gaur-thdikur, H. 9*'#2* ) A tribe of Rājputs, settled in
the Farakhabad district.
GAUp, GAUR, or GAUDA, also spelt GAvUpA, corruptly,
GOwDA, and GOw DOO, Karn. (7रव्%, Kं७ॐ) The head
man of a willage in the Karnatic who superintends the
cultivation and the collection of the rewenue, correspond
ing with the Patil of the Maratha provinces: or one who
farms the lands of a village, and lets them out to cul
tivators, in which case he corresponds with the Zamin
dar of IBengal.
IIuttu-ddra-gauda, Karn. (*ंरब्8x०४) A head
man, who is also a native of the willage.
Phatt८-gdra-gauda, Karn. (ं7रब्6x०ॐ) A head Iman,
who is not a native of the village ower which he
presides.
Gaud-dyd, Karn. (7रव' ंes०ऽ७) Proportion of the crop
formerly set apart for the head man,resumed by the
Mysore gowernment.
170
OGAU
Gauda-manyam, Karn. The privilege land and fees of the
head man of a willage.
Gauda-mirds, Karm. The hereditary privilege land of the
head of a willage.
Gauda-teri/e, Karn. (7रव्&डैo7 ) A fee formerly paid
to the head man by the willagers, resumed by the govern
ment of Mysore.
GAUpA, or GAURA, corruptly, GowRA, (?) The head man
of certain castes-of the potter, the shepherd, and the
weaver ; also, in parts of the Sahyādri hills, of the cul
tivator and cowherd caste. (From the locality of its use
this should be a Maratha term, but it is not found in
Molesworth).
GAUToALU, Karn. (K०ॐeo) A caste or tribe in Mysore
following agriculture as labourers, or Bometimes small
farmers under a lease from the landholder.
GAU HAN, H. (७५*) A willage made ower by its pro
prietors to any person, on a permanent revenue assess
ment, with all the privileges of a Zamindar (Eastern Oudh).
GAU HANf, H. (4b*, गीहानी) Lands situated close round
a willage, and commonly left for pasturage : also, the
entire lands of the willage, or the willage itself `
GAULiGA, Karn. (K१४x) Name of a pastoral and migra
tory tribe in Mysore, who rear buffaloes, and sell their
milk and ghee, and accompany camps ; also, a seller of
buttermilk.
GAUNA, S., Ben., &c. (गीण, from गुण, ५uality, property)
Secondary, supplementary, special, or Specific.
Gaund-mdsa, S. (from मास, a month) The lunar month,
as reckoned from full moon to full moon.
Gauna-putra, S. (from पुच, a son) A subsidiary or re
presentative son, one by adoption, &c., or any form except
by birth.
GAUNDi, Mar. (गौडॆी) The name of a caste, or individual of
it, by calling a mason or bricklayer--Nagpore. Jenkins,
204. (It ought to be Maratha).
GAti NI, Uriya (१l६ ंी) A measure of rice in the husk,
egual to twelve sers. A basket used for measuring grain.
GAUNJi, Hindi (गीनजी) Fresh shoots of rice put forth anor
the crop has been cut and cleared.
GAURA, H. (),*) A tribe of Ahirs.
GAURAHAR, H. 9ं)* ) An obscure tribe of Rajputs on the
borders of Badaon and Aligerh.
GAURo, corruptly, GowRo, (?) A person employed to esti
mate the crop while standing.
 GAU
GAURUA, H. (9*) An inferior class of Rajputs in Agra
and Mathura, and other districts west of the Jamunā.
GAUTAsf-RAJPUT, GoUTUsf-RAJPooT, H. (c“-’}}-!) *;) A Land of deceased shareholders unclaimed, or coming un
branch of the Chandravansi, or lunar family ; very nu
merous in the Lower Doab, and formerly wery powerful.
Gautamaidn, H. ( ७५** ) A class of Rajputs in AZim
garh and Gorakhpur, offshoots of the preceding, but of a
spurious breed. `
GAUwARA, or GAUvENp, Hindi, (गौयरा, गीपंड) also written
Go/ar4, or Goird, and Goyend, (गीयरा, गीयंड) Land
immediately next to a village.
GAvADA, Karn. (ग्व्ॐ ँ) A measure of distance, the largest,
between eight and ten miles.
GAvANKAR, Tel. (K~ण`०svॐ) The head man of a willage.
GAvARfCA, Karn. (*२०९x) A basketmaker.
GAwwA, Tel. (Kॐ8) A kaunri shell, used as money.
GAwAH, H. (P. sl; ) A witness, an evidence.
Garrdhdn-chashm-didah, H. P. (from /***-, the eye, and
sA५e, having seen) Eye-witnesses.
Garudhdin-samdi, H. P. (from A. e*“, hearing) Hearsay
witnesses, persons Speaking from what they have been
told.
67angdh?, H. P. (U*'* ) Evidence, testimony.
Grodhi, Mar. (ग्वाही) Evidence : a witness ; in the latter
also Grodhiddr.
GAwALf, Mar. (गवव्ठी ) The caste of cowherds, or an in
dividual of it.
Garcalioddd, Mar. (गवळवाडा) The part of a town or vil
lage inhabited by the caste of cowherds.
GAwANDi, GAwANDyA, Mar. (गर्वडी, गवंडघा) Abricklayer.
GAwAT, or GAwAT, Mar. (गवत) Grass.
Ganpatkattai, Mar. (गवत, grass, and कट्टर्ड्, cutting) A cess
formerly imposed on villages in lieu of grass for the go
vernment stables, or the grass so furnished ; the wages
of labourers employed in cutting grass for the public
stables ; grass-cutting in general.
GAwHALA, Mar. (गद्भळा, from गद्भः, wheat) Fitted for wheat
(soil, &c.).
Gant/tdl, or Gamohdli, Mar. (गद्भाळ्, -व्ठी) Wheat grounds,
fields, &c., suited for wheat crops.
GAwi, Mar. (गवी) A combination among the villagers to
reject the gowernment terms of the assessment, or to resist
any orders of a public officer.
GAwAL, Mar. (गयाल) Neglected, left uncultivated, as land.
Emigrated, as cultivators.
171
GAZ
Gayda, Tel. (K०9ण`१०) Land unfit for cultivation.
GAwAL, also GAwARI, H. (J' ं, `9५*, from Gayd, gone)
der the management of the Mdl-Gusdr upon its being
abandoned by the cultivator.
GAwATRf, S. (गयर्ची) A form of metre, and thence applied
to a verse in the Wedas, which is held to be of peculiar
sanctity, and is repeated inaudibly in the daily morning
worship of the Brahmans. The sense is, " We meditate
on that excellent light of the divine sun : may he en
lighten our minds !' Tat sacitur-parenyam bhar//o de
oas/a dhimalāi : dhi/o /o mal pracltoda/tit !
GAwAwAI., or GAwALi, corruptly, GwAL, H. (गयावाल ,
गयाली) GAyAwAI, Mar. (गयावळ) A Brahman of a
class or tribe which claims the privilege of conducting
the ceremonies of the pilgrimage at Gayft, and receiving
fees for the same. They also officiate as collectors and
conductors of pilgrims to the city of Gayā.
GAwRA, or GAIRA, Mar. (from गाय, a cow) A cowherd.
Gd/rdn, or Gairdn, Mar. (गायणान्) Open pasture-ground, a
common; loosely applied to all lands unsuited forcultivation.
GAZ, GUZ, vernacularly, GAJ, or GUJ, H. (P.ु* ) A measure
of length, a yard, In the reign of Akbar there pre
wailed a great number of measures of this denomination,
warying in length from IS to छेS inches ; to correct
which disorder, they were all abrogated, and a standard
८/a2 established in their stead, termed the Ildhi-6a2. The
actual value of this measure was made the subject of
many induiries and experiments upon the institution of
the great revenue survey of the western provinces, when
it was found to be the basis of all the records of land
measurements in that part of India : as no standard
had been preserved, a fixed object of comparison could
not be procured, and the different reports and’ measure
ments made it vary from 29 to :9ं inches, and as the ma
jority of actual measures of land made it B} inches, that
was assumed as the fixed standard value, and it con
stitutes the basis of the survey measurements. In trade,
a greater latitude prevails, and the cloth merchant, in
particular, has a das of his own, egual to two hdts, or
cubits, or an English yard.
GAZAR, H. (P. 2ं) A washerman by caste as well as oc
।
।
"
cupation.
।
।
G62ar-mahdil, H. A tax formerly levied on washermen in
Bengal.
 GEID
GEDATA, Karn. (7रंe८ऽळ&3) Ploughing or tillage.
G6ddra, Karn. (7रॆ९८ऽ०ॐ) A ploughed field.
GEHUN, GEHooN, H. (P. ox* ) Wheat, which is exten
sively cultivated in the upper provinces. Several kinds,
but resolvable in native opinion, into two families, red
and white, are grown : there is also a beardless Species
similarly divisible.
GELI, Tel. (79) A heap of salt;
GENJA, Ben. (८१t*उनi) The tops of hemp, used to make an
intoxicating beverage. See Gdnja.
GENToo, (derived from the Portuguese Gemtio, a Gentile or
heathen,) A Hindu, a native of India.
GENU, Karn. (7t९६००) A span from the top of the thumb
to that of the little finger.
GERU, H. (*) Soil of a red colour, red ochre, or ochreous
clay.
Gerdmagi, Hindi (गेणामाटी) Loam of fine clay.
GERwA, Mar. (गेरवा, from *, red clay) Blight, turning the
crop of a brickdust red colour. (The word appears to be
the same as the Hindustani Girici, ५. w., which is applied
in the north-west prowinces to the insect causing the disease
or blight).
GisTA, Karn. (*९&., from Grilastha) A householder.
GHABAR, Mar. (घबाड) A lucky conjunction of the planets.
Ghabdrmdp, Mar. (घबाडमाप) A weight or measure rather
in excess of the market one.
GHABN--PAHISH, A. (U*-७ JAs) Shamefully fraudulent ;
applied, in Mohammadan law especially, to the sale of
property for a price grossly inadeduate to its value ; also
termed Nuksdn-iःfihish. (From ७-86, fraud, or ७५्रं,
loss, and U*-७, shameful),
GHApi, or GHA:f, Mar. (घाडी) A Sttdra attendant in a
willage temple.
GHADSi, or GHARsf, or GHURSEE, incorrectly, GURSEE, Mar.
(घडसी) A caste, or person belonging to it, by calling
vagrant or willage pipers and drummers. They are said
to be descended from the aboriginal imhabitants of the
great forest of the south, the Dandakāranya.
GHADf R, A. (AAe) A festival observed by the Shias of
India on the I8th of Zilhaja, when three images of dough
filled with honey are made to represent Abu-bakr, Omar,
and Othman, which are stuck with knives, and the honey
is sipped, as typical of the blood of the usurping khalifs.
The festival is named from ghadir, a pool ; Mohammad,
it is said, having declared Ali his successor at a place
172
GHA
called Ghadfr-khttm, a watering-place for caravans half
way between Makka and Medina.
GHAEJA, (?) Gu2. The village barber and barber-surgeon.
GHAFIL, H. (A. UGle) Careless, negligent.
Ghaflat, H. (A. ५-435) Carelessness, negligence, in
attention.
GHAं, or GHy E, H. (.** ) Ground cleaned and raised, on
which to raise a stack of straw, or pile of grain
GHAIB, vernacularly GAIB, (the aspirate being rejected and
g substituted for the A. ?h) H.(A. ५--~～*, गैच) Hidden,
concealed, missing, lost.
Ghaibat, or Gaibatu, Tel. ( य7०ॐ७) Lost, missing ; ex
tra (as collections); distant (as an outstation)
Ghaibat-ā-mankatad, A. (eleं० ५“-५e) In Moham
madan law, remote distance. The absence of a husband
at Such a distance as renders the acts of his wife, with
regard to his property, valid.
GHAINS, Thug. Uproar, confusion.
GHAIR, when adopted in the Hindu dialects, GAIR or GAR,
H. (A. A3) GAIRAH, Hindi (गैरह्) Mar. (गैर) Tel.
(T7 ॐ) Ben. (?ीज्ञ) Gu2. (ण। २) Different, other, without;
used as a particle to imply the absence or want of a
thing
Gar-4bad, Ben. (*ीद्भीदiप्तः) Devoid of cultivation ; land
cultivable, but meglected.
Gairadd, Tel. (प्रव्ठश्८ग्ग्) Uncultivated, waste.
Gairdd4sthalamu, Tel. (T7 ॐCं०ॐOO) Waste land.
Ghair-band-0-bast, H. (e-०५ 9 Aं9*) Unsettled; applied
to lands not included in the revenue assessment
Gair-dasta, or -dasti, Mar. (गैरदस्त, -दस्ती) Exempt from
government imposts (fields, &c.),
Ghair-hdgir, H. (9-3-9*) Gair-hdjir, Mar. (गेरह्ाजिर)
Absent, not in attendance.
Ghair-hd3irं, H. Gair-hdjirं, Mar. Absence, being away
especially when called for, as in court.
Garjabd, Ben. (?ीतजलं, for A. ka.º-3A3,ghair-gabi) Omitted,
excepted; applied to lands in Sylhet not included in any
measurement, and conseguently unassessed.
Ghair.jama, H. (e****) Not paying revenue, rent-free.
Gairhā-kharch, Hindi (गेरहीखरत्व) Expenses of various
kinds incurred by a village, or on account of establish
ments and collections.
Ghair-kabal, H. (J}AG)ं) Gar-labil, Ben. (शतकयून)
IDenying, not admitting or confessing, not agreeing to.
Gair-kharch, Mar. (गैरखचै) Extra or miscellaneous expenses.
 GHA GHA

Ghair-khirdj, H. (E***) Not paying tribute or revenue, GIIALLA, H. (A. A43) Grain, corn ; it is sometimes used to
rent-free lands, &c. denote money.
Ghair-mahdi, H. (५***9**) A sect of Moliammadans Ghalla-farosh, H. A corn or grain seller.
who deny the re-appearance of the 12th Imam, or the Ghalla-mi:lat, A. (ं ०43) The proportion of the pro
Imam Maladi. duce of the labour of a licensed slave which has been

Gair-marang, Hindi (गैरमरंग) Low river lands based on reserved for the master.

sand, and unable to support vegetation in the dry months GHAMETA, (?) A subdivision of the Kurmi tribe in Bahar.
(Puraniya). _ GHAMUS, A. (U~***) Mysterious: in law, Perjury.
Ghair-manktila, H. (ं;A-92ं) Immoveable or real pro GHANA, Ben. (चन्) Struck, as a rupee ; but applied only to
perty, property other than personal ; (mankail) rupees of native coinage.
Ghair-mashrºtt, H. (ke,9*-9**) Unconditional ; applied GHANA, Mar. (घण) A sledge-hammer.
to grants of land, &c., without any stipulations of service, GHANA, GHUNA, H. (U.3) A preserve for game.
or the like, being attached to them. GHANA, GHANI, H. (७५%, ५.}' ं) A sugar-cane press. Mar.
Ghair-maurं, H. (J}}}०As) Not holding by hereditary (षाणा) An oil-mill ः (see the next).
descent; a temant or farmer ; not inherited ; acguired. GHANA, GHANf, Mar. (घाणा, घाणी) The Guantity of material
Ghair-ma2rtia, H. (A. **999-9**) Uncultivated land. put into a mill at once, or of cane into the sugar-mill,
Ghair-m4ंtin, A. ( ७*9**) An absolute slave, one not rice into the mortar, or of any thing to be pounded or
allowed to do any work on his own account (Moham triturated into the triturating machine. A heap of grain
madan law) which, at the Makara Samkrdnt{, or Sun's entrance into
Ghair-mumhin, H. (A. ७**9*ं) Barren, waste ; land not Capricorn, the mistress of a house places on a mortar to
capable of cultivation ः (from ८/hair, not, and mainhin, be given to a Brfthman.
possible), GHANCH I, GuZ. (atन्थ{\) An oil maker, an oil dealer, one
Ghair-mustabin, A. (७***“-9**) A totally irregular and who expresses it or 5ells it.
invalid deed (Mohammadan law). GHANCHo, GuZ. (atन्थu) A man of a caste whose occu

Gair-panchdiki, (?) Lands formerly held in Cuttack, which pation is mat-making.

were exempt from any taxes but those specified in the GHAND, H. (Aं) A branch of the Jat tribe.
deed of grant. GHANGHAS, H. (C~ं) A branch of the Jatt tribe.

Ghair-s4l, H. (A. J५५)**) Of a different year ; applied
to coins or currency, implying also their being base or
adulterated.
Ghair-samadi, corruptly, Ghir-sumdee, H. (.sA५9**) Extra,
extraordinary, contingent, not included in the sanad or
grant.
Ghair-sarsari, H(.४9*ट;*५9**) Regular or legal proceedings.
Ghair-silsila, H. (A. A.५A#) Irregular, summary ; ap
plied to judicial proceedings.
Ghair-rckenni, or, -caldni, corruptly, Guire-cehenng/, or
-calamtng/, (?) Resumption of an allowance of land given
up to the Ryots, being the tenth of a bijha.-Gl. āth Rep.
(The first word is no doubt intended for ghair, the others
GHANI, Ben. (चीनि) An oil mill.
Ghani-pachh, Ben. (चीनि?ीीश्) The hollow trunk of a
tree forming part of an oil mill which receives the seed,
and having a hole through which the oil issues.
GHANI, A. (J**) A rich person : in law, one not poor
enough to be entitled to alms.
GHANTA, S. &c., in some dialects, GANTA, (घंटा) A bell,
a plate of metal on which the hours are struck ; an hour.
GHAR, GHUR, H., IBen., Mar., &c. 9*, घā, घर्) A house,
a dwelling, a habitation : a family, the people of the house.
Gharbaithd, Mar. (घणबैठा) Whilst staying at home; said
of work or business done at home ; without employment
or service abroad.

must be blunders), _ Ghar-bandi, H. &c. (.sA५* ) A slave born in the house.

Gair-?cd/td, Mar. (गरवाका) Misrepresentation, a false state Gharbdr, H. (०५* ) Household concerns.
ment. Gharbdr ं, H. (.99*) A householder, the head of a
GHAIT, Ben. (चाद्भेथ्) Fault, crime, misdemeanor. house.

GHAL1-PATTUTA, Tel. (ंऽ'9॰ं) Winnowing. . Ghar-ldr{, Mar. (घरबाडी) Rent of houses without owners,
178 2 w
 GHA
lewied in some towns by the former gowenment. Uriya,
(०l6२६॥६) A dwelling-house, See Gharicari.
Ghar-phadd, or -bhdrd, H. (lo५,ं) Ghar-bhadem, Mar.
(घरभांडं) House-rent.
Ghar-Bharaiं, Mar. (घरभरणी) Ceremonies observed on
taking possession of a new house, house-warming.
6har’-chdr, or Ghardichdr, Mar. (घरचार, घराचार) The
rules or customs of a household or family.
Ghar-ddr, Mar. (घरदारं) A family, a household.
Ghar-dene, Mar. (धरदेणे) House tax.
Ghar-dmudr{, corruptly, Ghur-dempar्/, H. (.9}9)*) House
tax: also an illegal cess upon shopkeepers and house
holders.
Ghargant{, Mar. (घरगणती) Enumeration of houses in a
town or willage.
Ghar.jama, (?) corruptly, Ghar.jummah, Mar. (घरजमा)
House tax.
Gharjdica{, Mar, (घरजावई) One who with his wife lives
in.the house of his father-in-law, and manages his affairs.
Gharhar{, Mar. (घरकर्णी) The master of a house, the head
of the family.
Gharpattं, Mar. (धरपट्टी) House tax; levy or collection
per house, from which Brahman village officers were
exempted.
Gharsabil, H. (UA५9* ) Advances to peasants to enable
them to build their cottages.
Gharsdrd, Mar. (घरसारा) House tax.
Ghar{{, or Ghartis, Mar. (घरटी, घरटीस) Relating to
each house sewerally, per house, as contributions, charges,
taxes, &c.
Ghar{{p, Mar. (घरटीप) The numbering of the houses in
a village or town ; the list so taken.
Gharica), Mar. (घरवण) House tax.
Gharmcdri, Mar. (घरवाडी) An inclosure in which is a
dwelling-house. See Gharbari.
GHAR, GHAR, H. 9५*, or]' ं, from H. ५98, S. गर्त्ते, a cavity)
Clay soil in low situations where rain lies for a long time ;
land that has been worn away by running water ; a sub
division of Matiar Soil ; a name given in the north-west
provinces to strips of land lying along the banks of the
Jamna, or, in the Agra districts, to the tract intermediate
between that and the more northern portion.
GHAR, H. (A. 9-3) A cave, a pit, a ravine.
GHARA, H. (]*, S. घट) An earthen water-pot or jar.
GHARA, Uriya (G6) A column (in a book or account)
174
OGHA
GHARAB, commonly GRAB, A. (--',ं) GURAB, Mar. (गुप्ाष)
A vessel of a peculiar build used on the Malabar coast
and in the Arabian gulfः
GHARAMi, IBen. (चद्भीी, from चक्र, a house) A man whose
business it is to construct the mat houses of the poorer
natives, or roof them with thatch. A thatcher.
GHARANi, Mar. (षडणी) Document kept by the Kulkarnt in
account with the several families of a willage.
GHARAR, H. 9)* ) The dry Motl plant, given as fodder
to cattle.
GHARENE, GuZ. (धन्५प्) Mortgaged, pledged.
Gharendiiil-khat, GuZ. (ध२uttं“ta) A mortgage-bond,
a written acknowledgment of money borrowed, or pro
perty mortgaged or pledged.
Gharentd, incorrectly, Geramia, Gu2. (ंचश्७flºtu) ILands
held in mortgage or pledge.
Gltarei1id-maharid, Gu2. (ध१U(ua५॥॰t%२aPuu) Priwate
lands in mortgage.
Gharent4-8alamia, Gua. (ंध२७ttश्tt२a०tu*flश्tu) Mort
gaged lands paying a guit-rent.
GHARI, GHUREE, inaccurately, GHURREE, H. (ं) GHARf
or GHATf, Ben. (चर्जी, गों”ी) GHARf and GHATf, Mar.
(घडी, घटी) GHApr or GHALiGE, Karn. (ं’०, &ं’९*7ं)
GHATIKA, Tel. (ं9ंs) A measure of time, a term of
twenty-four minutes, being one sixtieth part of a day and
nightः in common use it has also come to signify an
English hour. Any instrument for computing and an
nouncing time ; originally the Hindu clepsydra and the
brass plate or gong on which the hours were struck, but
latterly the English watch or clock. The term, in its
signification of an hour of twenty-four minutes, was ap
plied also, in the Delhi district, to one mode of dis
tributing the assessment of a willage : each cultivator
being charged one sixtieth of the whole for each ghari
in the day during which he had drawn water for the
irrigation of his lands from the royal canal. It also de
notes the subdivision of a village in the Dehli district,
as, JKhandijaom, which is divided into 144 langris, and
each lam//ri into eight jharis. The vernacular terms are
derived from the S., in which jhat; is the timepiece, and
gliatikd the hour which it marks ; but in use both mean
ings are commonly attached to the same word.
Ghapidl, H. &c. (J५9*) Ghar/al, Mar. (घन्याल) The
plate or gong on which the hours are struck with a
wooden mallet.
 GHA
Gharidild, or Ghariali, H. &c. (G५}ं, .."9*) Gharyal
ch{, Mar. (धन्यालची ) The gong striker, the bellman.
GHARf, GHAnf, Mar. (धाडी) A Stidra attendant on a temple,
corresponding with a Gurao.
GHARiB, H. (A. ५-५9ं) Strange, foreign; poor, distressed,
helpless.
Gharib-parroar, or Gharib-nands, H. (from P.299:, who
protects, or ु'*, who is kind to) Cherisher of the poor ;
an expression commonly addressed to a superior, or to a
European functionary, by natives of inferior rank, espe
cially if supplicants or Suitors.
GHARIM, A. (9५्) A debtor, SO helpless as to be a proper
object of 2ikdt or alms.
GHARKr, GHURKEE, H. (A. 9e) Owerflowed, inundated.
GHARPHANT, also written GURPHANT, (?) H. (e-4५,ं) GHAT, corruptly, GHAUT, or GAUT, H. (cº-' ं) Ben. (चोळे)
An arrangement made by the manager of an estate, or by
the shareholders themselves, for the payment of the govern
ment revenue by each willage, when more than one is
included in the lease (Kamaon),
GHARsi, Mar. (घडसी) A man of a particular caste, or the
caste itself: the members are musicians and singers.
GHARsU BHUMI, (?) Tel, A strong red soil (Warangal),
GHARTA, or GHARTf, Mar. (घरटा, घरटी) A large hand
mill.
Gharti-bhar-s4r4, Mar. (?) Atax formerly levied by the
Maratha government on millstones.
Ghartā-khot{, Mar. (धरटीखोटी) A contract or farm of
the exclusive priwilege of grinding corn.
GHARwA, Hindi (घडवा) Gleanings from the threshing-floor
fallen amidst rubbish and dirt, the perguisite of the
lowest castes.
GHAs, Mar. (घस) Loss in trade, loss in drying, leakage, &c.
GHAs, H. B. (L~५:, चीन) GHANS, Dakh. (U~～' ं) also either
GHAs, or GHANs, Mar. (घास, घांस) Grass, meadow grass,
hay, forage. In Mar. it also implies a mouthful, or a
quantity eguivalent, (more correctly, Grds, ५. w); also the
Guantity of grain put into a mill at once, and the grain
which falls into the hollow and remains unground.
Ghds-berd-mahdil, Ben. (चiज८दजiभाद्रीन) Land inclosed or
set apart for pasturage, meadow lands.
Ghas-ddnd, Mar. (घासदाणा) A military contribution ; grass
and grain for the horses, or a contribution in lieu of it.
Gh68-galidni/a, Mar. (?) corruptly, Ghas-djrenia, A mort
gage with possession, under which the produce of the
land is taken instead of interest. See Galudm.
175
OGHA
Ghasidrd, H. (],५~ं) A grass-cutter. See Gh48-katd,
Gh48-kar, -kur, Ben. (चiजबहद्भ ) A tax on grass or
forage.
Ghds-hdt6, corruptly, Gras-kut, H., Ben. (G४.५% चांजरुीघ्रेl)
A man whose business it is to cut fresh grass daily for
the horses of his employer.
Gh68-hditani, corruptly, Ghas-huttance, Mar. (घासकाटणी)
Cutting grass, a fee or tax for cutting grass on govern
ment land.
Ghdsu6-bhatmi, Uriya (G|वृद्ध॥ं) Pasture land.
GHASB or GHAZAB, GHUSB, GHUZB, A. (७--~as, ५--~as)
Wiolence, oppression, seiZing any thing by force. In
Mohammadan law, forcible or unauthorised possession and
use of property belonging to another.
Mar. (घाट, from the S. घट्ट) which the Tel. and Karn. adhere
to (ं०, ॐं, ॐं) A landing-place, steps
on the bank of a river, a guay, a wharf where customs
are commonly levied, A pass through the mountains: the
mountains themselves, especially applied to the eastern
and western ranges of the south of India ; or, in the
Maratha country, to the Sahyddri range, and to the Des,
or tract above.
Ghditdini, H. (.3G५:) A toll lewied 'on crossing rivers or
hill passes.
Gh4-bari, H. (.9५d' ं) Lands attached to a ferry Duty
or toll lewied at landing-places upon the boats that come
to at them.
Glidit-bandi, Mar. (घाटबन्दी) Blocking upa pass over a hill.
Toll or tax levied on passengers for keeping a pass or
landing-place in repair.
Ghdti, or Ghdtid, Uriya, A watchman, a police or re
venue officer, especially one in charge of passes or land
ing-places. Mar. (घाटी) Of or belonging to the country
above the Sahyddri range (products) : when the people
are meant, the term is Ghatioa! (घाटवळ्).
Ghati/d, Ghdtyd, H. &c. (५G' ं, घाटिया, घाव्चा) A Brah
man who attends where pilgrims bathe, as at Benares, to
take care of their clothes, and supply Sandal, flowers, &c.,
for certain fees, which he exacts as a right, denouncing
imprecations on any who resist his exactions : these people
sometimes repair to a distance to escort pilgrims to their
places of ablution.
Ghatmdnjhi, H., Ben. (Lत-' ँ' ं) A ferryman ; applied
also to a man who regulates the hire of boats, Supplies
 GHA
boats, provides crews, and generally superintends, more |
by usurpation than by authority, the details of a landing
place on the river.
Ghatmdrd, H., Ben. ()U.G' ं) Smuggling ; a smuggler,
one who evades the tolls at landing-places.
Gh4tpdndyd, Mar. (घाटपांडया) An officer presiding ower
landing-places.
Ghdit-?’akhmodli, Mar. (घाटरखवाली) A guard at a pass in
the hills.
Ghatti, IBen. (चर्घेी) A private wharfor steps to the river.
Ghattijhoshand, Ben. (घ्रो८षांषनi) Proclaiming news,
making any thing public.
Ghd’-th{hdiddr, H. 0le४4ंe-५;) The farmer or con
tractor for a ferry.
Ghitrdl, or Ghdtirdld, H. (J';' ं, ';' ं) A ferryman,
a person in charge of a landing-place, or a mountain pass.
A member of a class of landholders in Birbhttm, holding
lands under a peculiar tenure : (see the next), It is also
read with the short wowel, Ghatmcdr or Ghatmudl.
Ghdtrrdli, Ghditrodli-mahdl, or Ghdtiodli-2amin, H. (from
J=*, places, or ७*-9x land) Lands granted either rent
free or at a low rate of assessment to public ferrymen,
or to officers guarding passes in the hills. In Birbhttm
the lands were granted at a fixed rate of assessment in ।
perpetuity to the holders and their descendants, as long
as the revenue is paid, although apparently no longer
connected with the performance of any particular duty.
Reg. xxix. I814.
Ghatnam, (?) Ben. A man of a low caste, freguently a
predial slave, in Ramgarh.
GHAT, GHUT, H., Ben., &c. (cº- ं, from the S. GHATA, घट)
A water-pot or jar, representing, on some occasions, the
goddess Durgā.
Ghatapija, S. (घटपूजा) Worship of the water-jar as ।
Durgf. See Ghatasthdjpama.
Ghatasphota, Mar. (घटस्फोटः, from the S. Sphota, a
breaking) Ceremony of the ejection of a person from his
caste, or of the repudiation of a wife; typically expressed
by the actual breaking of a pitcher on the occasion.
Ghatasthdjpana, S. (from स्यापनं, placing) The ceremony
of placing a water pot as a type or receptacle of Durgā,
who, after certain invocations, is supposed to be present
in it, and to receive the worship addressed to her. It
is one of the essential ceremonies of the Durgā-Pitja.
GHAT, GHATI, or GIIATTi, H. (c~*, ७*,
from the v.
176
GHE
Uं, to abate) Deficiency, decrease, lightness in weight,
fall in price or value.
GHAT, H., Ben. (S. ५-' ं, चांज) A blow, a wound, striking,
killing ; what is struck or hurt.
Ghaitaka, H., Ben. (4-*G' ं, चउिक्) A murderer, one who
wounds or kills.
Ghata-chandra, Ghata-tith{, Mar. (from चंद्र, the moon,
or fतथी, a lunar day) An inauspicious day.
GHATA, Ben. ( चछॆi) A crowd, a procession.
GHATAKA, Ben., Mar. (घटक) A person who negociates
marriages between families, especially in Bengal ; also,
a manager, or leading man in general.
GHATf, Ben. (चर्छी) A clock. The native clock is a brass
plate, or gong, on which the hour is struck with a
wooden mallet. See Ghari.
Ghatihd, IBen. (S. चछेिकi) Ghatahd, Mar. (घटका) An
hour, properly of 24 minutes : the little metal vessel, by
the sinking of which in water the hour is measured. See
Ghari.
| GHAwf, or GHAf, Tel. (ंय'99C") An embankment to con
|
fine water, a reservoir.
GHAZi A. (.9५6) A champion, a hero ; especially one who
fights against infidels.
Ghasi-midn, H. (J'A० ५.9.3) A saint held in high repute
in Hindustan, in whose honour an annual festival is
celebrated in most large towns, but particularly at Barech,
in the month of Jeth. It is commonly called the Shādi,
or marriage of the saint, in allusion, according to one
tradition, to his having suffered martyrdom on the eve of
his nuptials. The origin of the festival, which is egually
popular with Hindus and Mohammadans, is, however,
doubtful, and much uncertainty prevails regarding the
person of the saint. The most particular accounts make
him a nephew of Mahmud of GhaZmi, born at Ajmer,
and killed in battle with the Hindus at Barech, after
Mahmud’s death.
GHEGARA, or GHEGHARA, GHEGURA, GHEGHURA, H.
(JAA#, ',:ं#) The unripe pod of gram. The unripe
bole of cotton before it bursts.
GHEIAUsi, H. (.3;"*) An addition to an article sold in
fawour of the purchaser, An additional per centage of
an article counted, as, II0 bambus, or l20 mangoes, rated
as I00 only.
GHENAI, Thug. Fetters.
GHENEDENE, Mar. (घेणेदेणे, from घेणे, to take, and देणे, to
 GHE
give) Borrowing and lending, dealing with, traffic, mer-
cantile intercourse.
Ghetadetd, Mar. (धेतादेता) A regular customer, onewho |
punctually pays what he owes.
Ghet/tadetdg, Mar. (धेतदेितां) On the conclusion of a
bargain.
Ghepodgpo, Mar. (धेपोदेपो) Money lending without in
terest, unprofitable or troublesome lending and taking back.
Ghendderrd, or -mc{, Mar. (घेवादेवा) Traftic, dealing with,
borrowing and lending, &c.
GHENTi, H. (Jं#) The unripe pod of gram and other
kinds of pulse.
GHER, or GIIERA, H. &c. 9**, from Gherma, to surround)
Enclosing, surrounding ; an enclosure, a fence, a bound
hedge.
GHERUA, (?) H. A mortgagee holding land in possession as
security, and in payment of the interest. See Giro.
GHEwARf, Mar. (धेवारी) A retail dealer, a huckster ; in
some places limited to one who buys and retails garden
produce.
GHi, GHEE, H. &c. (.*ः from S. घृतं) Ben. GH I, (श्चि)
GHf, Mar. (घी) Clarified or oiled butter ; butter boiled
and then set to cool, when it remains in a semi-liguid
or oily state, and is used in cooking, or is drank by the
natives : (the primitive GHRITA is also current in most
dialects).
Ghā-guttd, corruptly, Gheecottah, or Gheegootal, Mar.
(पीगुप्ता) The exclusive right of the renter of a village
to the buying and selling of Gha in retail.
GH IsA Jºf, Mar. (fघसाडी) A low caste, or individual of it,
whose occupation is manufacturing common iron utensils.
GHOf LA, Thug. Copper coin, pice.
GHOL, Ben. (८घiल) Butter milk.
GHo!., Mar. ( घोळ) A ring, with bits of iron attached to it,
at the end of a staff to make a noise with to frighten
reptiles, birds, &c.
GttoNTA, or GHoTA, Mar. (घोटॆा, घोटा) An intoxicating
potion, an infusion of the leaves of the hemp.
GHONGHf, H.'(Jं;*) Tying the end of a blanket in a
knot, and placing it on the head, so as to keep off rain.
Wrapping oneself up in a blanket.
GHoRA, H. &c. (S. 9*, घीडा ) A horse.
Ghoracira, (?) (from Ghoda, or Ghora, a horse) A tax
paid by Rājput tribes to their chiefs in commutation of
a gift of a horse.
177
GHU
। Ghorcharha, H. (from Ghora and charhnd, Lis,*-, to mount)
| Ghorachara, Ben. (८घजिiप्त्रजl) A rider, a'horseman : a
Subdivision of the Kurmi or Kumbi tribe, which is exten
sively spread throughout India, and follows principally
| agricultural occupations.
Ghore-hhdd, Mar. (घोडेखाद) GraZing or pasturing of horses.
Ghore-r44t, Ghore-sn’tir, Mar.(घोडेराजत, धोडेखार) Atrooper,
a horse-soldier.
Ghorec4!, Mar. (घोडेवाट) A horse-path ; especially a
practicable path for horses over hilly ground.
GHosH, corruptly, GHosE, Ben. (८चषि, from S. पुष, to cry)
The name of a division of the writer caste, and com
monly used as their family name, as, Chandra-//hose :
also the name of a tribe of herdsmen in Bengal. A
station of cowherds.
Ghoshand, IBen. (S. ८धषिन्) A proclamation.
Ghosi, Ghosee, H. (S. –’*) A herdsman, a milkman :
also, in the north-west provinces, a class of milkmen, who,
although said to be descended from the Ahfrs, are now
mostly Mohammadans.
GHoTAKHOR, Hindi (धोटखोर्, from घोट, a gulp, and P. खीरं,
who swallows) A diver ः in some villages in the western
Maratha states a diver forms one of the servants, and is
employed in recovering articles dropped in tanks and wells.
GitoTi, H. (G*) Land which has been under a rice crop.
GHUGRf, Mar. (पुगररी) Grain boiled in the husk. Grain
presented to the head of the willage, or the government
officers, on the ripening of the crop : a cess formerly im
posed in its stead.
GHULAM, in some dialects, GULAM, corrupted in pronoun
cing to GULAP and GULAB, H. (A. •"e) GU LAM U, Tel.
(Keथं99) A youth, a servant, a slave.
GHt MAo, GHOOMAO, H. ७५०*, lit., a turning round, from
UL**, to turn round) As much land as can be ploughed
in one day by a pair of bullocks.
GHUN, GHOON, H. (७*) A weevil destructive of wood and
grain.
GHUNDf, H. (.soं) A herb that grows in rice fields after
the crop is cut ः camels are fond of it, and it is used in
medicine.
GHUNGCHI, H. (.*ं) The seed of the Abrus precatorius ;
especially as a'standard measure of weight : more usually
Gunja, ५. w.
GHUNGi, GHOONGEE, H. (J ं;*) An insect destructive of
growing gram ; also Gindar.
2 Z
 OGHU GIR.

GHUNGRU, H. &c. (9xं, भुंगरू) Small bells fastemed round Giddatmi, Karn. (?ंं०) The 256th fraction of a fanam,

the ancles 'or wrists of women, sometimes worn on the or a rupee.

toes, especially of dancing girls. Gi DDANGf, Tel Karn (?ंं०%) A shop, a storehouse, a
GHUNT, GHOONT, H. (cº-*) Rent from lands granted as granary, a jail.
endowments of religious establishments (Kamaon), GiniA, GEEDEEA, H. (५AAs) A class of vagrants and
GH U R, GHOOR, H. (9*ः पूर) The soil of the sandy ridge thieves in Upper India.
east of MuZaffarnagar. GIDNA, Karn. (?\ॐB) A measure of grain, edual to four
GHURA, H. ()*) Soil, manure. Soli//e, ५. v.
GHURAB, Mar. (पुराब, A• '--]#) A kind of vessel, a sloop GII.A, H. (As) GILLA, Mar. (गिज्ञा, both from the P. As)
with long projecting bowS, used on the Malabar coast. A complaint, a remonstrance, abuse, reproach.
GHURAT, GIIOORUT, H. (५-9*) Cattle pens (Eastern Oudh). GII.ANDAZI, H. (-)oºls, from Us, clay, earth, and -9'AG),
GHUR-BARAIR, GHOOR-BURAR, H. C)9*) Dues levied on throwing) An embankment ः charge for making and repair
every sharer and under-tenant, in proportion to the ex ing embankments, allowed formerly in the willage accounts.
penses of the willage for the year : from II. GHURA, a GiM, Thug. Search after Thugs : also theft.
dunghill or Sweepings, all miscellaneous charges being Gryf wA, or Gryf H wA, Mar. (गिमवा, गिम्हवा, from गीम, or
heaped together (Bundelkhand). गीम्ह, vernacular of S. ग्रीप्म, the hot Season) Grain raised
GHURRAtा, or GitURRAT, incorrectly, GrtoRRA, A. (B,#) in the hot Season by irrigation.
A fine of छे00 dirms, being the value of a male or female Gimicas, Mar. (गिमवस) A field prepared for the growth of
slave of that price, to whom also the term is applied grain in the hot season by irrigating ; the grain so
(Mohammadan law). raised.

GHURRAT, H. (A. 9* , whiteness, &c.) The first day of GINDAR, H. (As ) An insect very destructive of growing
the moon's age. pulse : also Gºhum/i.
GH US, H. (C~*) GHUSH, Ben. (पूष) A bribe. GINDURI, H. (.9As) A circular twist of straw or grass
GHUsL, H. &c. (U…3) Bathing, ablution ; especially the to support a vessel with a round bottom.
ablutions of the Mohammadans. GINNA, Karn. (?\०८०) Cheese.
(*hassttl, H. &c. (Jं) A bather, an attendant on a bath ; Ginma//adde, Karn. (x०:०xं) A cheese.

but applied more especially to one who washes the dead. GINTf, Karn. (?\०&9) Double-thread texture.
GIIUSRAND, H. (AG)~*) A creeping grass with a yellow Gintada calli, Karn. (?\c&3 ँ3.9) A single cotton cloth
flower, bearing a bitter fruit ; used as a condiment for woven with double threads.

horses, but considered poisonous to men. Gintadabatte, Karn.

with double threads.
(x०&3ॐ०ं)
ऐ.)
A double cloth wowen

GAftwAs, GiAftwiS, Dakhini H. (७)},५s, JP}9५:, for

J/arah) Eleventh. The eleventh of Rabi-us-gani, a day GINTI, H. (ं , from S. गणः, to count) Number, reckoning :
dedicated to the homage of Pir-i-Dastagfr, a Moham the first day of the month : a specimen, a muster.
madan saint in the south of India. GIRA, Mar. (गिरा) A measure of length, a Tasu and a half,
GiCHUvALf, Karn. ( 7\९eं७२९?) Farming', agriculture. or one-fourteenth or one-sixteenth of a gas, G• v•
Gi DA, Thug. Impure, unclean ; a man of a very low caste. GIRARAI.tr, Karn. (?७०न्धe9) One-sisteenth of a rupee.
GIDAGAwAL, Tel. (7\ॐ7रव्) ँ०) Taxes levied on forest GIRAN, H. (P ७)*) Dear : heavy.
produce. Girdni, II. ( GP) IDearness, dearth, scarcity : weight.
Gf IDARvf AIR, H. ७७*, lit., jackal-killer) A wagrant and GIRAsi, GIRAsi, Mar. (गिराशी -सी) A caste, or individual
thief in Upper India. of it, living by piracy &c.
GIDDA, GII) DE, Tel. (? ँ, ?ं) The smallest measure of GIRD, II. (P. e,s) Round, surrounding', a wall, an inclosure,
capacity in use, varying in dillerent places, but calculated a circle, a department.
by Captain Jervis at {}00 grains=छे'897 cubic inches, the (*ird/rdr, or Girddn'ar, H. 9' ं, 2:'e)*) A patrol, a
fourth of a Sola. watch, a guard, a superintendant or inspector of police
Gi DDANA, Karn. (?ं) The fourteenth part of a indund. Or CuStOmS.

178
 GIR.
Girddicari, H. (.9ुle% ) Inspection, patrolling, going the
rouuds : looking after smugglers or contraband goods : a
circular order.
GIRDA, Karn. (?\ंह) The fourth of a fanam.
Girdana, Karn. (?\ॐहाश्) The fourth of a Solije, a dry
ImeaSU1re_
Girddisaga, Karn. (?\व्यवह3%) The eighth of a fanam.
GIRDi-NAwAwA, Mar. (गिरदीन'वायां, from A. Nandh, en
virons) A surrounding tract, land round any particular spot
or fort- A tax levied on willages so situated, in lieu of sup
plies to the garrison, &c.
GIRHAik, Mar. (गिन्हाईका, from S. ग्राहक) A purchaser, a
bidder.
GIRIFT, H. (P. ५-9*) Capture, apprehension.
Giriftdr, H. 9-93) A prisoner, one seiZed or apprehemded.
Giriftdri, H. (P. -9ं,*) Apprehension, seizure, taking
up, arrest.
GIRIKE, GIRUKE, Karn. (?\eठं, ?\ं७ठं) An instrument
for Separating cotton from the seed.
GIRo, or GIRAU, H. (P. *) GritAvu, Tel. (?\ं७) A
pawn, a pledge, a mortgage, a contract. (The term G/ter
rous, holders of lands on mortgage, Ben. Reg. ii. 17!) ँ,
is no doubt intended to represent some derivative from
this word).
Girci, or Girici, or, vernacularly, Girbi, H. (-39* ) A servation of which is considered as obligatory as that of
pledge, a mortgage ; the thing pledged or mortgaged.
Girnciddr, H. (9le५;A) The holder of a pledge or mort
gage. _
Giricindma, H. (&०७५99* ) A deed of mortgage.
Gr Rwi, H. (P. _ं,L* ) An insect mischievous to standing corn :
see Germrd.
Go (गो, properly the crude form of the S. noun, nom, Gau,
or Gao, गौ:, in which form it is most commonly used),
A cow : । (the word Go is also used singly in the dialects for
any animal of the cow kind, but its more common ap
plication is in forming derivatives and compounds),
Gdo, H. &c. (,s) or Gdi, Gay, Mar. (गार्ड्, गाय) A cow,
a bull.
Godld, pronounced like Grrdl4, Ben. (८१ीीञ्पनिl) A cow
herd, one whose business or caste it is to attend cattle
and sell milk, (the word, orignally Gopttla, is modified
vernacularly as Gomirdla, or Hindi, Grrdla, &c. ५. v.).
Godl4-paird, Ben, (८?fयिनी”riजl) A village, or part of one,
or of a town, inhabited by cow-keepers.
Go!aid/a, IBen. (८१fi८दंछि) A cow doctor, a ५uack•
170
GO
Gobar, Gobur, H. (* ) Gorcar, Mar. (गोवर्) Dried cow
dung, used as fuel, or for plastering floors.
Gobardg, Ben. (८१ीीदतीव्रै) The threshold of a door, from
its being made Smooth with cow-dung effused in water,
forming a Sort of plaster.
Gobar?, or Gobrf, H. (-9*) Gorcarं, Mar. (गोवरी)Apieceor
cake of dried cow-dung ; paste or plaster made with it.
Gochar, Gochard, Gochardं, H. &e, 9*,)*, ५s)- )
Pasture land, land kept free from cultivation as the graZ
ing ground of the village.
Gocharma, Mar. (S. गोचम्मै) A cow's hide, a measure of
land as much as can be comprehended by a cow's hide.
Godandd, Uriya. (G9l|२gl१|) Pastture land.
Goddna, (S. गोदान) The gift of a cow to a Brahman, to a
bridegroom, or at religious ceremonies : it is also,among the
Marathas, a name of the Samskdra of shaving : see Chttdd.
Godhail, Mar. (गोधूल) lit. cow dust : hence, Evening twilight
(from the dust raised by the cows returning from pasture).
A certain division of time, thirty palas before and thirty
after stunset : it is considered an auspicious hour for mar
riages.
Gogrdsam, Tel. (x ए7ष्9००) Fodder of a cow.
Gohdं?, H. (.st* )Treading out grain by bullocks.
Gohar, Goliur, H. (*) Abroad pathway for cattle, the pre
a boundary.
Gohat/d, S. &c. (गोहत्या) Killing a cow-a heinous crime.
Go-fm, Goeen, H. (७*) A pair of plough oxen, sometimes
called Do-//arrd, also Gora.
Gohalla, Karn. (AT 6ं) Cow-stone, stones set up in
Kanara for cows to rub themselves against.
Golahadai, Uriya (G%ll६1०l) Damage done by stray cattle
to the crops of the cultivators, for which an allowance is
sometimes made. _
Gokhati, Uriya, (G६।।६६) Fine for stray cattle.
Gokal, H. (U3* ) A herd of cattle. The country about Brin
ditvan, where Krishna passed his boyhood.
Goma/a, Mar. (S. गोमय) Cow-dung.
Gomedh, S. (गोमेध:) Sacrifice of a cow.
Goarcald, or Gogrdºd, Mar. (गीवब्ठा, गोवॆाळठा) A cowherd.
Gop, II. (५-*) Gopa, S. (गोप:) A cowherd, a man who
by caste breeds and attends on horned cattle, and sells
their milk, butter, &c. fem. Gopi, (गोपी) a woman of the
same caste ; also Goptlid.
Gopa-' or Gopi-chandana, S. &c. (गोपचन्दन) lit., cow
 GO
herds' sandal, a sort of whitish and saponaceous clay
found at Dwitrakft, and valued as the most appropriate
pigment with which to mark the person with the sectarial
insignia of the Waishnava sects ; also called Gopa-mdti,
cowherds' earth.
Gopala, H. (S. गोपाल:) A cowherd by caste and occupation.
Gopandhdbhatmi, Tel. (x ४००कंणां२०) Pasture land,or under the hills.
place where cattle go : (see the next, Pandh4 being the Gopx, Tel. (K' ं) Any horned cattle.
same word as the S. Pamthd).
Gopanth, Ben. (S. गोपन्य) A road or path for cattle.
Gopdshtam{, S. &c. (गोपाष्टमी) The eighth day of the light
half of the month Kartik (Oct.-Now.), when cattle are
fed, and decorated with garlands, in commemoration of
Krishna's passing his youth among the cow-pastures of
Brindāvan.
Gopmahal, H. (J'~*:,ं) Pasture grounds.
Goraksh, or Gorakshaka, vernacularly, Gorakh, H. &c.
(from S. रघ्ष, to preserve) A cowkeeper, a cowherd.
Goras, Gorus, H. &c. (from S. रस, juice) Milk, curds,
&c., the fluid produce of a cow.
Gorsi, more correctly, Goras{, H. (.’थ्*ः
from S. गोरस,
milk) A milkpail.
Goru, Gor00, also Mar. Gurit, Gooroo, d. v. H. (9*
from S. गो) A cow, an ox.
Gorud-dhakdin, H. (JKsp '9* ) Twilight, time of bring
ing home the cows.
Gorudr1-bcrd, H. (]*: -99* ) Evening, time of bring
ing home cattle.
Goruklli/d, Uriya (G१।०.६ं.।) Damage or destruction
by cattle.
(*08dild, H. (S. शाला, a hall) A cowhouse.
Goshtha, S. &c, (गोष्ठ:) A station of cowherds, a cowpen,
jasture, or the like ; a herd of cattle : also, vernacularly,
as in Bengali, Goth, or Gotha (८१fiठे).
Goshtdshtami, H. S. The same as Gopdshtham{, g. v.
Gothdm, H. (७५*, from S. स्यान, a place) Place of as
sembling the cattle of a village.
Gond, Hindi (गोवा) Manure, cow-dung.
Gomcdr{, Mar. (गोवार्णी) A cowherd.
Gorrdri, II. (.४9*) A dwelling-house, a family, a cow
house (Dehli).
Girdl, or Girdld, also read Gual, Gooal, but less cor
rectly and more barbarously, Gicaller, H. (J',* ",s, S.
* together.
गोपाल) A cowherd, one whose caste it is to tend cattle,
and sell milk, butter, &c. The caste of cowherds in Orissa
180
GO.J
furnishes also palankin-bearers and domestic servants to
Europeans and natives in Bengal.
Gicdilin, or Gm’dilam{,H. (J'*) A female of thecowherdcaste
Go-AL, H. (J;) Unclaimed land (Dehli).
GOBBA, Thug. A circular grave.
GoBRI, H. (.9;) A tribe in Rohilkhand, now living just
GopAGARA,orGoDARI-vApण्,Tel.(ATॐ Ã`*८ठ०e.J०&%S)
A shoemaker, a worker in leather, Sprung from a female
of the barber caste by a potter.
GODARA, H. ()le; ) A large subdivision of the Jat tribe
on the borders of Hariana.
GODARf, H. (-9e*) A circular twist of grass or twine
Supporting the bottom of a round vessel.
GOD'HAR, H. Obe* ) The weeds and grasses collected from
a ploughed field by a harrow.
G6Dr, G6or, Karn, (7.०९०, 7.०९d) Wheat.
GODIwABHUMI, Tel. ( K`o०ऽGoं७-५२७) Stony soil.
GODNA, H. (Ge;) GoNDNE, Mar(गोदॆणे) Tattooing, punctur
ing the skin, and rubbing it with the leaves of plants,
yielding a dark dye chiefly produced by women. Brand
* ing as a criminal punishment, (abolished Act. ii. l840).
GopowN, Ben Gu DAst, (भूलोम) (from the Malay GADAso,
8os ) An outhouse, a warehouse, a place where house
hold implements or goods are kept. The 'black hole'
was nothing else than a Godown.
GoEND, GwEND, or GwENDA, H. (ं, los;) A suburb,
fields near a village, a homestead or neighbourhood.
GoCA-PIR, H, 9-५५;*) A saint held in much veneration by
the agricultural population of Dehli and the Upper IDoab,
who, in the month IBhātdon, present offerings at his shrine
which is at IDudiera, 200 miles south-west of Hisar,
GoHANi, Hindi (गोहानी) Land near a village, well manured
land.
GoHARi, H. (.9s;) Rich highly-cultivated land (Sagar).
GofNDA, commonly, GOwINDA or GowENDA, H. (sA५*,
from P. ७*, to speak) GOENDA, Ben. (८१tiea*लिl) An
informer, a spy. _
GO.JAI, GO.JWEE, also Go.JI, and Go.JARI, H. (.***) Wheat
and barley sown in the same field.
Go.JARA H. (४)*) IBarley and chana, or chick-pea, sown
GoJ HA, H. (५-* ) A species of thorny grass which springs
up during the rains.
 GOK
Go KHA, Uriya. (69ll६1l) A caste of fisliermen, or a man
of that caste.
GokHRU, H. (,* ) A herb which springs up on bhair land,
bearing a fruit coverered with small prickles (Tribulus
lanuginosus) : in seasons of dearth the poor of Harifina | GoLLA, Tel. Karn. (K`g) A shepherd, a man of a caste
feed on the poumded seed : a large kind called Gokhru Da
khini bears a fruit of a triangular Shape, with prickles at the
angles, and hence the same name is given to the iron crows’
feet thrown on the ground to check the advance of cavalry.
GOL, H. &c. (J;) A ball, a circle, any thing round, a
mass of people, an associated body or Society, a crowd,
a troop, a brigade, a party from a different willage sojourn
ing with their cattle for pasture.
Goli, Goli, H. (',% J}ं, from Gol, round) A ball, a can
non ball ; a mode of trial by ordeal, in which the accused
carried a heated ball of iron in his hand for a given
distance, and, if his hands were unscorched, was do
clared innocent.
Golandd:, H. (from the P. _'AG), who throws) A native
artilleryman.
GOLA, H. (१,s , from Gol, round) A granary, a storeroom,
a place in which grain or Salt is kept for a season. In
Bengal it is usually a circular structure of mats or clay,
raised two or three feet from the ground upon short
pillars of wood or stone, and covered by a thatch. A
grain or Salt store or market ; a place where it is sold
wholesale. A salt or saltpetre manufactory (Agra).
Goldddr, H. &c. (9le',s) Golddr, IBen. (८१fiलातीत) A
wholesale grain merchant or Salt dealer, one who keeps
a StOre.
Goldhhati, Uriya (G१।२।१३) Depot for salt after weighing.
Goldipaharu, Uriya (G१llºl9१)C.) A watchman ower a
salt store.
Go I.A, H. (५,s) Name of an inferior caste, who are em
ployed as cleaners of rice ; or of one whose business is
the manufacture of salt.
Goldpitrab, H. (५-9**) An inferior tribe of Sunadh
IBrfthmans, who cuitivate lands in the Agra district.
GoLARA, S. &c. (गोलक) A son born of a widow. Among the
Marathas, the term Golak is considered to apply to a
caste supposed to be descended from the illegitimate off
spring of a woman of the Brithman caste ; distinguished
as the Kunda-g/olak, ( कुण्डगोलक) the adulterous pro
geny of a woman who has a husband, and Itanda-ājolal,
(रण्डगोलक) the illegitimate son of a widow. The mem
181
GON
। bers of this caste at IPuna act as astrologers, agents,
money-changers, and are held as no better than Stidras.
Go J.KAR, Karn. (7/०९्ठद्धं) Sons of female slaves or
| bondwomen.
। whose duty it is to graze sheep or cattle, sometimes em
ployed as confidential servants and assistants in public
treasuries. Also Gollddu, Gollacttdu, plur, Golla
odndlu, Karn Gollar, or Gollaru.
Golla-larama, Tel. (ATgs० ँ००) A tax on herdsmen
and shepherds.
Golla-palli, Karn. ( Re 'ं,ं9ं,) A willage of cowherds or
shepherds.
Gollar-१ndn/am, Karn. (ATgॐooऽ8०) Taxes levied
from shepherds.
GOLLI, Thug. Coral.
GoLYA, Mar (गोल्पा) A rice pounder or pestle, a man who
gains a living by pounding rice.
GoMA, Thug. Omen from the flight of a shrike, considered
good on whichewer side it is observed.
GoMAJf KAPAsA, Mar. (गोमाजी कापशा) A fictitious name ;
sometimes inserted in accounts as the name of a revenue
defaulter for arrears for which the head of the willage, or
revenue officer, is responsible : (from Gomd, pretended
ignorance : hdjpasd or kdpsd appears to be merely an।
unmeaning adjunct).
GoNA, or GoNi, IBen., Mar., &c. (S. ८*ti*l, गोणी) A coarse
sack made from the fibres of the Pat. The coarse sort
of canvas of which it is made is commonly called Gunn/ :
see Ganni.
Gonapat, or Gomapdt, or Gonatdit, Mar. (गोणपटः, or -पाट,
or -ताट) The coarse canvas or sackcloth made from the
fibres of the Pait (Corchorus capsularis), of which sacks
or bags of various siZes are fabricated.
GoNA, Thug. The hand ; also, amongst the Dakhini Thugs,
Fine.
GoNAGAR-AwA-JopI, Karn. (7 /०ऽ7रव्७e०७०&००) A tax
levied on those who cut betel-nuts for the willage.
GoNARALLU, read also GoNI KAL, (?) Karn. (7/००5ःg)
A rough stone ; stony or gravelly soil.
Gopakallulddi, Karn. (7/०६०5ंव्ठ००) A rough road.
Goscrir, Karn. (7 /०००*) A field, especially one rented
by different tenants.
Gonchi//ttr, Karn. (7/००aं7त्व् ं) A proprietor or occu
pant of a field.
:} A
 GON OGOR.

Gonchipatta, Karn. (*००ं) A lease of fields or GONDRA, or GONBA, H. (Jं}}, ]ं;) A reservoir to which

lands held jointly by several co-occupants. water is thrown up from a pond or pool below. The
Gonchda, Karn. (7C/००&ग्व्१०) A man set to watch a field. straw or reeds which are placed to protect the side of the
GOND, H. &c. (P. os; ) Gum ; a solution of gum used to upper reservoir. (Central and lower Doab).
fasten the envelopes of letters. GONI, Thug. A shoe.
Gond-ddin?, H. (P. ७'-' holding) The gum-stand. GONIAwAT, Thug. A man who has lost his hand or nose : it
Gond-hasf, H. (P. c~.% spreading) An instrument for is unlucky to murder him.
applying the gum to envelopes. GoNTIA, H. (५ं; ) The head man of a willage, a Patel.
GON D, H. (Aं; ) A sort of rush used in making mats and In some places the term is restricted to a Brāhman hold
baskets. ing that office.
GOND, (?) Hindi. Land immediately adjacent to a village, GOPHNA, GOPH Nf, or GOPHIA, H. (५५*, ५*५*ः ५.५*,
and, being richly manured, cultivated for vegetables and गोफनी , गोफया) GOPHAN, Mar. (गोप्तण) A sling, espe
tobacco (Bundelkhand). cially one used by persons stationed on a platform in a
Gosp, corruptly, GoAND, H. (S. ं;s) The half barbarous field of corn to drive away cattle, birds, &c.
inhabitants of the eastern branches of the Windhya moun GoPo, Uriya. (G%llG9|) The whole household : lit., cows
tains, between Bundelkhand and Berftr, and subject partly । and children.

to the British gowernment, and partly to that of Nagpore, GOPURA, Mar, &c. (S. गोपुरं) A gate, a town gate, but
giving its appellation to the country of Gondwana. A more especially applied in the South to the elevated and
small portion of them is found in different tracts, bearing ornamented gateway or entrance tower of a Hindu temple.
the title of Raj-1ond, who are looked upon with respect GOPwA, S. (गोप्प, from गुप, to preserve) To be preserved or
by the other Gonds. taken care of as a deposit. -

GospA, H. (l3ं;) A branch of the Ahir caste. Gop/ddhi, S. (गोप्पाधि:) A pledge or deposit to be pre
GONIDANA, GONDALA, or GONDLI, Karn. (7/०० ँ६०,7/००ॐं, Served, one that is not to be made any use of while in de
०:ं,) GoNDHALA, or GoNDHAL, Mar. (गोधल) A posit : also Gopyabandha, &c.
tumultuous festivity in honour of the goddess Devf, cele GOrtA, H. ();) Fair, white, a European ; but, when ap
brated, even in Mysore, chiefly by Maratha Brithmans, it plied to cattle, red.
being a Maratha festival, (from the Mar. Gondlidla, tumult, GORA, or GoI)A, Ben. (८१ilजl) A foundation, a source.
bustle,) consisting of music, and dancing, and recitation Gorajori, IBen. (८१ीजi८१ीङि) From the beginning, from
of mythological stories. The word in Kanarese, Spelled the origin or foundation.
with a long t) ( ९० ँ) is said also to mean a cere GORABA, GORAVA, Karn. (7/०४६०, 7/०ॐ) A shepherd's
mony performed for the sick, om the birth of a child, priest.
at marriages, &c., whem the tutelary household divinity GoRAi, Hindi (गोराई) A clan of Rajputs in the Agra
is splendidly attired, and music and dancing are performed district.

by hired musicians in the outer court. It is probably
the same thing as the Gomdhal.
Gomdhali, incorrectly Gomdali, and Gondli, or Gondlee,
corruptly Gomedullee, Mar. (गोधली) The name of a caste,
or indiwidual of it, whose business it is to sing and dance,
and perform the Gondha! : in some places the Gomdh
ali is the village drummer ; sometimes he is a vagrant
musician, dancer, and tumbler, or Subsists by begging.
GoNEwAR, (?) Tel. An inferior division of the Kunbi or
agricultural tribe in the northern Sirkars. See Goriicdr.
GONGADI, GoNGARI, Karn. (7/००x०) A woollen cloth or ।
blanket. See kamaba/.
182
GoRAf-ZAMi N, (? 3amin is Persian, and Gordi may come
from //ord, fair, but the compound is not met with in any
dictionary, nor is it confirmed by any local authority)
Mixed soil of sand and fine red earth, the latter pre
dominating, producing all kinds of grain except wheat
and rice : on the best kind, sugar-cane, chilis, and tobacco
may be raised.
GORANT, (?) A light soil (Bundelkhand) : (probably the
same as the next word).
GORAT, GuZ. (Ju२.tct) A light Sandy soil ; one of the
two principal kinds found in GuZerat : also termed
-Marm*८.
 OGOR
GoRET, or GORAI-IT, corruptly, GoRAwT, GoRAWAT, or GH0
RITE, H. (G-४)*ः गोरेट, गीरेड्ट) A watchman, a village
watchman and messenger, one whose duty it is to guard the
village and prevent depredations on the crops, also to carry
messages for the superior willage officers : he is, in most
places in Upper India, one of the municipal establish
ment, and is especially employed under the Patrrdr? to
call the villagers to the public office when reduired.
GORGARf, H. (-99*ः perhaps from P. ु* a grave) A ।
method of deciding village boundary disputes in Chota
Nagpur : two holes are dug on a spot in the contested
limits, in which the watchmen of the two contending
villages are severally buried up to the waist : whichewer
holds out longest gains the cause.
Gop HA, H. ('s;) Fields near a village homestead.
GORHA, or Go RHONI, Thug. Bread.
GORH NA, Thug. To strangle.
GopsA, GoRNA, H. (५-७%,७),%, गोडना, गोरना) A sort of
hoe used for digging up sugar-cane, and the like.
GoRf wAR, (?) Tel. A division of the Kunbi, or agricul
tural caste in the northern Sirkars ः (icair is the vulgar
form of rdda, an individual).
GOBRU, Tel. (K`क्षु) A land measure, edual to l2छे kuntas,
or 4ā,ं97ं sguare yards, or :)ँ acres : also an instrument
ofhusbandry, used as a sort of harrow, or as a drill-plough, |
or sometimes for weeding after the grain is in stalk.
GOsAIN, H. (७।'~*) A religious mendicant : see Gosprdini.
Gosain talki, H. (.*ऽ ७*~*) A cess of a Guarter ana
per rupee on the revenue, formerly granted by a Za
mindar of Birbhttm to establishments of Gosains in the
Zamindarf, and collected by them from the Ryots : as
many disputes arose out of the arrangement, the right to
levy the tax was finally restricted to the Zamindar, and
the payment of the Gosain-taiki left to his own discretion.
GosANGrvApu, Tel. (ATं७०?\~ण`ॐo) A shoemaker, a
worker in leather ; a low caste, whose occupation is ।
working in skins and leather.
GosAwi, Mar. (गोसावी) A religious mendicant: see Gosn’timi.
Gostici-patt{, Mar. (गोसावीपट्टि) A cess self imposed for
merly by the willagers to raise a fund for paying Gosains.
GosHA-NAsHiN, H. (J४ं ***) A Mohammadan ascetic
or recluse, one who professes to have withdrawn from the
world ; lit., one sitting in a corner : hence, also said of a
woman of rank or respectability, though the term for her
is more properly Parda-mashin.
188
OGOS
GoSHTA, Mar. (गोष्ट) A story, an affair, a circumstance.
GosHTHi, IBen. (S. ८गीर्टी) GosHrA or Gostrri, the unas
pirated letter being substituted for the original, Mar.
(गोष्ठः, गोष्ठी) An assembly, a meeting, especially one held
for discussion or debate. Family connexions, relations,
kindred.
Gosh!?-srdddh, Mar. (from S. श्राद्धं , a funeral ceremony)
An obse५uial ceremony performed in words only, when
circumstances prewent its actual performance.
GOsHwARA, H. (P. 9;** , गोशवाणा) vernacularly modified
as Go5ERA, or GoंwARA, GOSHwARA, corruptly GoosH
wARAH, Mar (गोशेोणा, गोष्वाणां, गोष्वारा) GosBARA, or Gos
wARA, Bon. (८१fiजदांतंi)GositUpARA, Tel.(ATCo~ण“पणं)
GoSHUARA, Uriya (66॥gal6al) An abstract statement,
giving the substance of different documents, the ab
" stract or Sum of a village or Zamindftrf account, shew
। ing the total (juantity ofiand, and its distribution, as waste,
। cultivated, fallow, productive, &c., made up from the
|
।
Chittlids, G. v. An index, a Summary.
Goshprdra-labuliat, H. (A. ५-्!}:G, agreement) Counter
part or acceptance of an abstract account.
Goshnxira-kal, H. (from A. Uं, all) A complete abstract
। or Summary of the whole.
।
GoswAMi, S. (गो, sense or passion &c., खामी, master, one
who restrains his passions, modified vernacularly as GosAIN,
| GoosAIN, GosAMI, or simply SAMI or SwAst I, GosAi, Go
SAwr, GosAyf, &c.) A religious mendicant in general. As a
special name it is applied to very different classes of per
sons, identified only by their professing a religious and
mendicant life. The most respectable are the reputed de
scendants spiritually of Sankara Achitrya, of whom there
are ten chief branches, and who are thence also called
the Das-ndmi, or ten-named Gosains, attaching to the
ordinary IIindu appellation one of the terms, Tirtha,
(shrine), Afsrama, (an order), Wana and Arag/a, (a wood),
Sarasnrati, (the goddess of elojuence). IBhdrati, (the
goddess of speech), Puri, (a city), (firi and Parrata,
(a hill), or Sājara, (the ocean), as, Ananda-{/iri
Wid/tiraya, Puran-jir, Itama-dsrama. These, although
they are occasionally wagrants, are usually assembled in
maths, or conventual residences, under a superior : some
of their establishments are liberally endowed, and ofgreat
reputed Sanctity, particularly that of Sringeri, in the western
Ghats, near the sources of the Tunjabhadra, said to have
been founded by Sankara himself Individuals of the
 0GOT।
three pure castes are admissible, and in some cases Stidras
also ; but as they profess celibacy, their numbers are in
part recruited by the purchase or adoption of boys at an
early age. The Da8-mdmi Gosains worship preferentially
Sica, of whom Sankara is said to have been an acatdra ;
but many have been distinguished as advocates of the
Wedanta doctrines. One division of them, termed Atits,
। differs from the more rigid Dandi-posains, in following
secular pursuits, as traders and ministrant priests of tem
ples : some of them even marry and settle, when they are
termed Samyogis, or Gharbdris. These Gosains, al
though met with in Upper India, are most numerous and
influential in the south. In Hindustan the name is more
correctly applied to two different classes, both worshippers
of Vishnu, the 6'osains of Gokul, who are descended
from Wallabha 4chdrya, and, although religious characters,
are allowed to marry and follow secular pursuits, and the
Gosains of Bengal, who are the disciples of Chaitan/ti,
a native of Bengal, who instituted a mew form of Vaish
nava worship at the end of the fifteenth century. They
also marry, and, like the Gokulastha, lead domestic and
respectable lives. The term is also applied loosely to
mere vagrants, some of whom wandered about formerly in
armed gangs, and levied contributions forcibly on the vil
lages, plumdered them, or now, coming singly, or in small
bodies, extort money by inflicting disgusting tortures upon
themselves : these sometimes go naked.
Gostirnं, Mar. (गोसावनी) A female Gosain ; one who,
on arriving at years of discretion, adopts a life of con
tinence and mendicancy.
JDauri-Gostic?, Mar. (डीग्री गोसावी ) A class of religious
vagrants, Said to be disciples of Gorakhnatth ; in which
case they are not properly Gosains, but Jogis : they sing
hymns in honour of Bhairava, playing on the daura (डीग्),
or a small drum shaped like an hour-glass ; whence their
name, daturi, a player on the daura.
GOT, H. &c. (५-;*, abbreviated from गोच, ५. v.) A family,
a race ; a family of IBrfthmans, bearing the common name
of some Rishi, their supposed progenitor, or primitive
spiritual head, as, S6indi//a, Kais/apa, IBludradicaja, &c.
Any branch or subdivision of a tribe or caste. A caste
collectively.
GoT, Thug. A large city.
GOTA, Thug. Stones, especially from graves.
GoTA, Ilindi (गोता) The mustard-seed crop (Puraniya).
l84
GB.A
GoTAf, Mar. (गोताई) Ceremonies observed by Stidras prior
to the re-admission of a man who has forfeited his caste,
Gotpat, or -pdt, Mar. (गोतपत-पात) A caste or family col
lectively. Ceremonies of receiving back a man who has
lost caste among Sttdras.
Gorr, Gu2. (ituथ) Four ; a private number used by mer
chants, &c. Gofl-padi, fourteen.
_
;
G6TAM U, Tel. ( K*छे' ँoo) A coarse canvas or Ganni bag
GorARA, Hindi (गीटारा) The rich lands immediately ad
jacent to the village (Puraniya).
GoT BASTi, Hindi (गोटबसती) The chief or first assemblage
of houses erected on the settlement of a village : those
subseguently built form the thola or patt1.
GoTRA, S. &c. (गोच:) Family, lineage, relationship by
descent from a common ancestor of the same name. A
family, a tribe, especially applied to races of Brahmans
who profess to regard some celebrated saint as their pro
genitor or their primitive spiritual head, and whose de
signation they bear ; as, the IBhdradicttja-gotra, Kdis
?/apa-gotra, Saindilya-g/otra, &c. The term, at least
in its vermacular form Got, has come to signify a sub
division of any common tribe or caste.
Gotraja, S. (गोचज) A kinsman of the same family and
name, the 'gentile,’ in opposition to the bandha or kins
man of a different family or cognate. Adoption is pre
ferably enjoined in the same gotra, while marriage is
prohibited.
Gotrahatya, S. (हत्या, killing) Striking or killing a person
of the same Gotra.
Gotra-caranam, S. (from वरणं, choosing) Ceremony of
repeating the genealogy of the bride and bridegroom at
a marriage : (it should probably be carnanam, deseribing,
relating),
GttAHA, S. (ग्रहं, from गृहं, to take) A planet.
Grahapatra, S. (from पच, a leaf) A horoscope, a table
indicating the positions and aspects of the planets at any
particular moment, as at birth, marriage, &c.
Grahapt{jd, S. (from पूजा, worship) Worship of the
planets, to render them propitious.
GitAHANA, S., IBen., &c. (ग्रहणं) An eclipse. Taking, ac
cepting, seiZing', apprehending. In the dialects more
usually Gahan. _
GRAHiA, Uriya (१]६1थ|) A mortgage, chiefly of lands.
GRAM, English. The term current for varieties of pulse,
especially for native chana, the chick-pea (Acer arietinum).
 OGRA
The word is probably of Portuguese origin, from Grao,
grain.
GRAyr, or GRAMA, S. &c. (ग्राम), the term occurs in all the
dialects, Sometimes in the primitive form, but usually
modified, as, GAM, GANw, or GAON, corruptly GAUM,
(गाम, गांव, गाच्नो'), also varied according to inflexion,
as, GRAMAM U, Tel. (७C)39ं9०), or to alphabetical
peculiarities, as, KiRAMAM, (so written though pro
nounced GRAyrAy), Tam. (eीDrrTLata), GRAyrAyr, Mal.
(CC222०) A willage, literally ; but, as specifying a mu
nicipal and fiscal division, a hamlet, a township, con
sisting not only of the residences of the inhabitants,
but of a tract of land around them within determinate
boundaries, including arable and pasture lands, wood,
waste, and water. The organiZation of such townships
prevails, in principle, throughout India, but varies in prac
tice in different parts of the country : they are, however,
reducible, in the first instance, to two principal classes,
one of which is so far the property of one individual that
a single person is responsible for the rewenue, and collects
it from the cultivators as if from his temants, exercising
the right to distrain their goods, or eject them altogether,
on failure of their paying their stipulated or customary
share of the government demand, and claiming also a right
to impose upon them occasionally cesses and charges, and,
in some cases, to let the lands to temporary occupants at |
a stipulated rent : in the second great class the govern
ment revenue is paid direct by a number of individuals
claiming proprietary rights in the village lands, paying
either severally, or through a head man, who is one of
their own community, representing them either by here
ditary descent or election. Modifications of both these de
scriptions occur : thus, of the first, in Bengal generally,
and in the north-west provinces occasionally, the pro
prietary right is vested in one individual, either by his
having been in possession of such right from the earliest
recorded period, or from having acGuired it by purchase
when lands have been sold for arrears of revenue : these
are known as Zaminditrf tenures. In the south of India,
in the Tamil provinces, an IEkalihojam (sole enjoyment),
or Ijaindn (/ajamdna, or householder) Graimam is usually
the property of a single individual, either in his own
person or as head of his family : sometimes, however, the
village is distributed amongst a body of hereditary pro
prietors, over whom the Ijaman has a controlling power,
185
GRA
allotting the lands amongst them according to their shares,
and apportioning and collecting the revenue ः no sale of
the land can be eflected without his sanction. The second
great class of villages, in which the proprietary right is
vested in a certain number of individuals, who are respon
sible for the public revenue, is the most numerous class,
and may once have been universal ः these coparcenary te
nures present many peculiarities, which it is necessary to
become ac५uainted with for each in particular, in assess
ing the public revenue, but they may be chiefly distin
guished as of three kinds ः I. Those in which the whole
land is held and managed in common; the rents paid by
the cultivators, whether they be the proprietors themselves
or tenants under the proprietors, being thrown into a com
mon stock, with all other profits from the estate, and,
after deducting expenses, the balance is divided amongst
the proprietors, according to old and established practice:
these are called in Hindustan 2aminddrf villages, as the
occupants are termed village Zamindars, to distinguish
them from the Zaminddrs of Bengal, or they are termed
/Blayachara, or brotherhood willages. In the south of
India they are called Pasung/-karai and Pangna-cali, or by
the S. terms Samudayam or Samohi. Panjurali and
Samudayam are especially applied to coparcenary tenures,
in which the allotments are liable to revision and re
adjustment from time to time, on the agreement of the
occupants. 2. The more general form of coparcenary wil
lages is that termed in the north-west provinces, Pattiddr{,
in which the lands are divided into Pattis, or Shares, and
held in severalty by the different proprietors, or Pattaddrs,
each person managing his own lands, and paying his
fixed share of the government revenue; the whole being
jointly responsible, in the event of any one sharer failing
to fulfil his engagements : in the south these tenures are
known as 4rudi-larai, Achandrdrham, IBhattagritti or
IBharttcartt, Palablio6am, ५. w. B. A third form is that
known in the north-west provinces as the imperfect Pattā
ddrt willage, in which part of the land is held in common
and part in severalty ; the profits of the land held in com
mon being first appropriated to the gowernment rewenue
and the village expenses, and the owerplus being distributed,
or the deficiency made good, according to a rate on the
several holdings, when the proprietors are said to pay
their revenue by Dhdr-bachl or IBighaddm, ५. w. Wil
lages may also be denominated from the mode of the dis
8 B
 GRA
tribution of the lands, as the IBijhati of the upper pro
vinces, where the division of the allotments usually held
in severalty is by bijhds, or their fractions : the Wisabadi।
of the Ceded districts, where the division is by risas, or
sixteenths, which are usually held in common : the Nirnga
or Bhdjmrdr willages of GuZerat, in which the village is
distributed into bhdjas, or portions according to the
original number of sharers: these bhdjas are subdivided by
dmas, or sixteenths, amongst the heirs of a deceased pro
prietor, according to their number and respective rights,
and these dmas may be again subdivided into fractional six
। teenths, termed dinis and chdirals : Bhdjmcdr villages are
usually held in severalty. In some parts of Hindustan
villages are primarily divided into a certain number of
nominal integral parts, usually twenty, which are called
bisicas, and then again into fractions of twentieths, termed
bisnidnsis and karrodnsis : these portions are distributed
amongst the representatives of the original proprietor or
proprietors, constituting the proprietary shares, termed
JPattis, or sometimes Pens, ५. v. ः the Pat{{is divisible ac
cording to the number of the heirs of a Pattiddr, into
smaller portions, called thoks, tholas, or dheris, and these
may again be subdivided into smaller Shares, termed belur{s.
। Thok is sometimes convertible into Patt{: see these terms
severally, also the Tamil terms, Pangu and Karai. When
the proprietors of a village are of different classes or re
ligions, it is primarily divided between them according to
their respective interests, and the portions in Hindustan
are termed taraf& ; so that there may be a Mohammadan
and a Hindu taraf in one village, each being severally
divisible according to the prevailing usage. Every village
has an establishment of municipal officers and servants,
more or less complete, according as its organiZation has
been more or less interfered with : see under the word
JBaluta.
Grdmadecatd, H. (S. ग्रामदेवता) Grdmdebta, or -delitd,
Ben. and Uriya (2fभटालवज्ठ1) Grdmdeo, Mar. (ग्रामदेव)
The tutelary divinity of a village ; sometimes this is one
of the ordinary pantheon, but it is more usually local, and
is not uncommonly a rude block of stone : the term is
also applied to lands appropriated to the expense of the
village idol.
Grdnddhikttri, vernacularly, Grdmadhihair, incorrectly,
Grdmddikir, S. (from स्रधिकारी, one who has a right)
The head of a village; either the proprietor, the head
180
GRA
man, or the collector of the revenue on gowernment
account.
Gramddhinam, Mal.(CC2922CClort) Awillage carpenter.
Grdmadhipati, S. (from अधिपतिः, master) Grdinddhipan,
Mal. (UC2929Cola-art) The head of a village, commonly
charged also by the government with the general con
trol of it, and the collection of the revenue.
Grdma-hissebu, Tel. (७ुष्/ं93णुं2०, from the P.
JHisdb, ५--"५.~-) The general account of the collection
and balance due delivered to the landlord at the time of
settlement.
Gr4ma-kamahan, Tam. (G०ठष्ठाGecठैी) S. (गणकः) Grdma
harnam, Tel. The village accountant.
Grdmaa-kamthamu, Tel. (७ष्)ंos०ॐ००) A $pot of
ground in a willage for building huts upom.
Gr(im, or Gdom, or Grdma kharch, H. (ढः)*- AP) Grdma
kharchu, Tel. (उटपट्टे/ ॐosoं9) The private expenses of
a village ; the charges borne by it independently of the
payments on account of revenue.
Grdma-kdoel, Tam. (GrT6-l6o) The willage watch.
Grdma-kharch-taksim, (S. and A.) Account shewing the
proportion of village charges to be borne by each Ryot.
Ceded districts.
Grdma-kharch-2dbita, (S. and A.) Account of the willage
disbursements. Ceded districts.
Grdmalu-mttlu, Tel. An allowance given by willages to
Brāhmans of a Guantity of rice in the husk at the time
of harvest. Ceded districts.
Grdm८ ?ndmiam, Tam. (LarTCoflu–Ita) Acertain extent of
land enjoyed rent-free by a hereditary proprietor of part
of the village lands, as a personal privilege attached to
such a share (Ellis).
Grdma-merai, Tam. (GीDrrTLOGLocठ०Dr) Allowances of a
portion of the crop to the willage officers and servants.
Gramamukham, Mal. (७292a०-l०) A market town.
Grdimamattam, Tam. (GीDrTLeप्हैिंठta) Ground set
apart, on which the houses of a village may be built.
Gramai/%, incorrectly, Grammi, S. &c. (ग्रामणी ) Tam.
(e्रीDrrTLo०ठठ)ि) The head man of a village. It is also
a title assumed in the Tamil countries by the drawers of
the Tirf juice. In several dialects, as, Bengali, Uriya,
Tel., Karn., and Mal., it denotes also the willage barber.
Grdinamyam, Mal. (७2926ं9rt) The head man of a
willage. _
Gr(tma-otti-shettu, (?) The mortgage-deed of a village.
 GRA
Grdima-purohitam, Tam. (L(3Drreीgळै, from S. Pu
rohita) The village priest and astronomer.
Gramasamisht; bhami, Tel. (७ष्/so७२ंण-5०)
Land possessed by the willagers conjointly.
Grdma terije, Karn.(ए’ज्9ं9 ९०7) Afinelevied inMysore
on Ryots whohave left their own willages and settledin others.
Grdimattain, also, corruptly, Graumnutta and Graumuttan,
(८ीDrrucछैट्ठrrठैी) The head man of a village (in the
Tamil countries).
Grdimattam-mainiam, A grant of rent-free land to the head
of a willage, in addition to his own Share of the com
mon property paying revenue : see Grdmamdniam.
Grdmattam-sutantram, (Gंठं,ंठDia) Fees and privileges
enjoyed by the head man of a village.
Graimattdr, Tam., (eक) Drrucंठायै) sing. An inhabitant
of a village, the inhabitant par earcellence, the head man :
plur. The inhabitants of a village.
Grambheti, IBen. (भीमट्जर्छी) A present or fee to a Za
mindar on the marriage of a temant's children.
Grdim, or Gdm-chdli, Mar. (ग्रामचाली) Willage usage or
CustOm.
Grdm.josh{, or Grama.j/0tishi, Mar., S., (ग्रामजोशी,
ग्रामज्योतिषी) The village astronomer, who casts nativities
and calculates times and Seasons.
Grdm-lekhaha, Mar (S. लेखकः, a writer) The village ae
cOuntant.
Grdmopadhydya, S., Mar. (from S. उपाध्याय) A village
priest or Schoolmaster, if a Brāhman.
Gram-saranjimi. H. (P. ७..५्टं,~, eflects) The reguisite
establishment or implements for the business of a willage.
Grdmrrdr, or Grdmarcdr, H. By willages, as a village
settlement.
Grdim-, or Gdm-nishat-indmati, Mar. (ग्राम-, गामनिसंवत
ज्ञनामती) Rent-free lands granted to village officers or
servants, on the part of and by, the village community,
usually of its own free will, but occasionally under the
orders of the gowernment.
Grdmya, S. &c. (ग्राम्य) Willage, rustic ; any thing re
|lating to or concerning a village, or to the practices and
manners of the villagers.
Grdnyadebatd,Ben. (S.2ीमण्टग्लदज्ञौ) Awillage or rusticdeity,
often represented by a rude stone placed under a large tree.
Grding/djak, or Gramayajaka, (S. याजकः) The willage
priest, who conducts the ceremonies for any or all classes.
An attendant on an idol.
187
GERI
GRANTHA, S. (ग्रन्य) A book in general. The book of
the Sikhs, a large collection of short moral poems by
Nanak and others in Panjabi and Hindi.
GRANTHf, S. (ग्रन्थि:) A knot, a tie, a tying together.
Granthā-mochaka, S. (from मोचकं, who loosens) A thief
a cut-purse, or parcel pilferer.
GRASA, or GRAs, corruptly, GRASS, or GURAs, S., used in
all the Hindu dialects, (ग्रास:, from ग्रस, to swallow) GHAs,
or GHANS, Mar. (घास, घांस) and GARAS, pronounced
GRAs, Gu2. (Ju२.13्t) A mouthful, or a guantity egui
valent to it. Fodder for cattle. A hereditary claim to a
small portion (a mouthful) of the produce of a village or
willages by various Rajput chiefs, granted them by the
local governments in remuneration of military service,
and commuted for a pecumiary payment out of the revenue
paid by the willagers. A fixed payment made to military and
predatory chiefs in GuZerat and Malwa, especially in lieu
of lands held by them, or in purchase of their refraining
from plunder, Also lands held by Grftsias in GuZerat.
Grdsia, H. (५.)ं, गरासीया) Gardsio, Gu2. (ot२t१tt="tu)
A military and predatory chief in Malwa, Rajputana,
Gu2erat, and Cutch, claiming a portion of the revenues of
certain willages, either as a grant originally from the
superior authority, in reguital of military service, or as
the price of forbearance from plunder. In Mewar the
designation applies to military chiefs of mixed Rājput
and Bhil descent, holding jagirs in nominal vassalage to
the Rana of Udayapur, and engaging to pay a stipulated
tribute. In GuZerat the term also designates a plun
derer or robber.
GuHA, S. &e. (गृहं) A house.
Grihadatha, S. &c. (from दाह, burning) Arson, house
burning.
Grihadeca, or -decatd, S. &c. (from देव, or देवता, a di
winity) The household deity, the tutelary deity of a house,
rarely bearing any specific designation, and not unusually
represented by a water-pot ; a rude figure ; a Sttladrdma
stone or Ammonite, or the Tulast plant, or Sacred Basil.
Grihajaita, S. (from जात, born) A description of slave,
one born of a female slave in the house of her master.
Grihapati, S. &c. (from पfत, a master) A householder.
Grihapracesa, S. &c. (from प्रवेश:, entrance) The cere
monies observed upon taking possession of a new house,
or upon the first reception of a bride in her husband’s
dwelling.
 GRI GU.J

Grihastha, S. &c., also vernacularly, but incorrectly, Gra | Gt D'HAJA, pronounced commonly, Gt RHAJA, S. &e. (गूढः,
hasth, Girhast, Girhist, Giristh, &c. (from गृहं, a house, secret, and ज, born) The son of concealed birth, born
and स्य, who stays or dwells in) A householder ; the privately of a woman whose husband is absent, the real
Hindu of the second order, who, after his course as a father being unknown : also Gddhotpanna, &c.
religious student, marries and keeps house ; a respectable GUpHAR, Mar. (गुढार) Flight of a whole people of a vil
person ; a villager or cultivator, whence, Grahasthi, or, lage from an enemy.
vernacularly, Girhistt, husbandry. GupHI, GuRHI, Mar. (गुढी) A pole erected on the first day
Grihayajna, S. (from यज्ञं, worship) Domestic worship, of the year before the house door, and covered with cloth,
especially the oblation of oiled butter on the household mango-sprigs, &c. Flowers or grains of rice stuck on
fire, a fire perpetually preserved by some classes of Brāh an idol consulted as an oracle : the answer is inferred
man householders. from the order in which they fall offः
Grihi, S. &c. (गृही) A householder. GU Df, IBen. (यूनी) A sort of dry dock, a place made by the
Grihin{, S. &c. (गृहिणी) The mistress of a house, the side of a river for repairing and caulking boats.
wife of a householder. GUpl, Tel. Karn. (?००) A temple, a pagoda.
GRIHfTA, S., also Uriya, &c. (१६1६॥, from S. ग्रह, to take, Gudihatle, Karn. (K००5ं) Fixed allowance for a temple.
or seiZe) A creditor, a donor, one who claims or receives Gadihaga, Tel. (Kocssं9) The whole extent of land
any thing. attached to a temple, ०* statement exhibiting it.
GUA, GUYA, Ben. (शूयां, भूपो, S. गुवाक) Betel-nut ; also Gudipdrupatya, Karn. (KC०JaंOं268) Superintendence
the tree that bears it (Areca catechu). of a temple.
GUpA, or Gtj RA, Tel. (Kण`ॐ) A basket for throwing up GU DIGAR, Karn. (Ko०7ज्व्ॐ) A caste, or individual of it, at
water for irrigation. Nagar, in Mysore, carvers in Sandal-wood, horn, and ivory.
GUpA KU, Karn. (K०८ऽब्&S ) Prepared tobacco for smoking GU DISARAKU, Karn. (K००७०&S) A term used for the or
in a hukka. dinary price of a pair of shoes at Nagar (Mysore).
GU )ALU, Tel. (Kऽाण्ॐeo) A basket made of woven bambu। GUDIvARAM, Tel. (Ko०ॐ ँ०) The Ryot's share of the crop.
strips for drawing up water. GUDRi, H. (.37os) A daily market.
GUDAM, Ben. (१ifiभ) A magaZine, a storeroom, a ware GUDU, GooDoo, (?) A money fee payable by landholders on
house : see Godomm. the Nilghari hills to the Todas, or native hill-men.
GUDAR, or GUDAR-GHATA, Ben. (यूनोतषाँ,vernacularcorrup GUGARI, corruptly, GUGRf, Good REE, Karn. (Kऽाप्तःxe) Any
tion of P. ))*, GUZARA, crossing) A ferry, a landing-place. fee or perguisite of the head of a willage.
GUDAST, Mar. (गुदस्त, vernacular corruption of P. ५~ं]*, Gitjarā-bil, Karn. (Kऽo x०४०९) Pasture ground granted
GUZASHT, pas) Past, gone by. Sdl-८/udast, last year. rent-free to a headman.
See Gu2asht. GUGGAL, Mar. (?) Fees leviable on Lingāyats by landholders
Gudast-baki, Mar. (from A. ५*५ ॥ remainder) Balance in the IDakhin.

remaining of a closed accountं GUGLI, GooGLEE, (?) Said to denote a class of Brahmans
GtjpAwU, Karn. ( KScॐ.७j) A small hamlet near a village. attached to the Waishnava objects of pilgrimage in Kattiwar.
GUDDALI, Karn. (Kं) A native spade or hoe. GUJAf, corruptly, Goo.JEy, Hindi (गुजई) A mixed crop of
Guddali-pomma, Karn. (Kं9दैट/०ँ०३) A cess lewied barley and wheat in the north-west prowinces.
on wegetable gardeners at So much per spade or hoe. GUJAR, H. O-*, गूर्जर) The name of a numerous class in
GUppE, Tel. (KSTं) High ground for dry cultivation. the north-west provinces, chiefly engaged in agriculture,
Gudda, Karn. (ं)A hill, a mountain. though formerly notorious for their martial and predatory
Guddada-hdं, Kati (Kं ँ०९ ँ) A hill fort. character. They profess to descend from Rājput fathers
GUpExttl, Tel. (KG 3ं9०)TA hamlet. by women of inferior castes, Mr. Elliot considers them
GU DEyl U, Tel. (Kऽाष्टकंCo) A small hamlet near a village. as having given their appellation to the principality of
GUT)AGAwAI.-GUTTA, Karn. (?०ॐ7त्व्ॐexSठे.) Taxes on GuZerat, in the west of India, and the district of the same
the gatherers of wild fruits in Mysore. name in the Panjitb. In the Dakhin the term is con
188
 GUJ
sidered synonymous with Gujarati, and applied to any |
native of Gu2erat, but more especially to the traders and
dealers from that country. In Bengal and Bahar one sub
division of the Kitrmi, or agricultural tribe, is called Gu
.jourdt{, having come perhaps originally from thence.
GUJAR, also GUJRAN, or GUJARA, Mar. (गुजर, गुजराण,
गुजारा, from P. Gu2a?’, D% passing) Bare subsistence,
mere means of livelihood.
GUJARA, Ben. (गूञ्जीत, vernacular corruption of P. 9ं ) A
ferry.
GUJARAT, Mar. (गुजारत्) Through the medium, or by the
hands of; (said ofmoney paid ;) presence or act of witness
ing, though without responsibility (in money transactions)
GuJARATI, Tel. (Koeठं) Possession.
GUJ Rf, Tel. (KS&9, from the H. ५9ं) A market or mar
ket-place ; in Madras, the thieves' bagar Mar. (गुजररी)
The morning or evening market.
GUKHI, Thug. A person carrying the bones of his relations
to some sacred stream ः he is never to be assailed.
Gt L, GooL, H. (J;) A channel cut to convey water to a
field. A road, a path (Sagar). A bunch of unripe Indian
corn (Dehli),
Gt L, Mar. (गूल, from S. गूड) Coarse sugar, the juice of the
Sugar-cane inspissated by boiling : see Gitr.
GUL, H. &c. (Us, गुल) A ball of charcoal ground to pow
der and cemented with starch, put, when lighted, into a
hukka’ to cause the slow combustion of the tobacco ; also
into the irons used for ironing linen.
GULAL, H. &c. (Jºls) The red powder thrown about at the
Holi, generally the meal or flour of barley, rice, or Sin
ghdra, reddened with some vegetable dye, as that of the
Cesalpinia sappan, or red sanders-wood.
Gt LAR, H. (),*) Cotton pods before bursting (Rohilkhand),
GULENDA, H. (lAGAs) The pod of the Mahwa tree : see
Gulu.
Gt Lf, also KULf and GUNrA, (?) A measure of length; when
identified with the gunta, the fortieth part of an acre, but
it varies in 'diferent parts of the south ; at Madras it is
egual to a sduare of 8B feet each way, in Tanjore it is
144 sguare feet, at Madura 2ं7,080 sguare feet.
GULI-GULI, Ben. (शूनि यूनि) Severally, individually ; ap
portioned to each by share or lot.
GU.rvINA-Posrsru, Karn. (Kº४२औदुं2/००ँoo) Tax on the
sock or iron of each plough (Mysore).
GULLASUNNAMU, Tel. (?०.gºCoंBं99, from Ko99.
cxx * an
189
GUN
oyster or other shell) The best kind of chunam or lime
plaster, made from burnt shells.
GuLt, GooLoo, H. (As) The pod of the Mahwa tree (Bas
sia latifolia), which yields a useful oil, and is sometimes
eaten by the lower classes.
GUMASHTA, vernacularly, GoMASTA or GUMASTA, incorrectly,
GoMASTHA, H. (P. ंUAs, गोमास्त) An agent, a steward,
a confidential factor, a representative ; an officer employed
by Zamindars to collect their rents, by bankers to receive
money, &c., by merchants to carry on their affairs in other
places than where they reside, and the like : at Madras it
is also the designation of a uative accountant in the re
venue department.
Gumdishta-hdnungo, H. The agent or deputy of the K6
nungo, or willage registrar amd accountant.
GUMA, GooMA, H. (*०x) A medicinal herb which grows
on high ground during the rains, and in fields sown with
the autumn crops (Pharnaceum mollugo).
GUMAN, H. &c. (P. ७५४) Opinion,imagination, suspicion; sus
picion of crime excited by the report of a common informer.
Gus BARA, or GUMBARA, Karn. (Kº००ॐ ?०००००, ver
nacular corruption of Kumbhahdra) A potter.
GUMCHf, H. (.*) A small weight, in apothecary's mea
sure about 7} grains ः it is also a name of the gunja
seed, ५. w.
GUMKA, Hindi (गुमका) The operation of causing the green
ears of corn to ferment slightly, so as to make the seeds
separate easily from the husk when threshed ः it is done
by heaping up the ears as soon as cut, and covering them.
with straw (Puraniya).
Gusrstr, Karn. (?००२०) A large basket for storing grain.
GUMNAMA, H. &c. (A.०७as, from the P. Gum, #, lost, miss
ing) A document drawn up and duly attested, certifying
the loss of any thing, as of a title-deed, &c.
GUNA, S. &c. (गुण:) Merit, virtue ; a guality, a property ः
metaphysically there are three Gunas, the Satya-guha,
or property of truth-the source of purity and wisdom ;
the Rajo-guma, or property of foulness-the source of
passion and error ; and the Tamo-guna, or property of
darkness-the source of inertness and ignorance, Deity
abstractedly is Nirajuna, or without any of the three pro
perties.
GUNAH, H. (P. sts) GUNHA, Mar. (गुन्ह) Fault, offence, crime.
Gumagdr, H. (',४.४ ) Gumhegdr, Mar. (गुन्हेगार) An of
fender, a culprit, a criminal.
8 c
 GUN
Gumagdr{, H. &c, (.9५*४ ) Gumhegdr{, Mar. (गुन्हेगारी)
Offence, crime. Fine, punishment by fine. Revemue de
rived from judicial fines.
Ganak4, Tel. (K०७ऽप्) Fine.
Gunneg4ri, Karn. (?००र्र7ज्व्e) A fine, especially for
stealing ears of corn.
GUNARi, Karn. (Kºञ्ण्ञि०९) Servant of the head merchant of a
towna
GUNCHI-PATTA, (?) A lease taken out in the name of two
or more Ryots in partnership (Madras).
GUNp, Hindi (गुड) A furrow.
GUNDI, GooNDw, (?) Confederacy, association ; engagement
entered into by individuals, to support and stand by each
other to the extent of their whole property, and even of
their lives, if necessary.
GUNJ, or GUNJA, H. &c. (* * ५*) S. GUNJA, (गञ्जा)
GUNJr, GUNJE, Karn. (KGoaं, K००a3) A plant (theAb
rus precatorius); also its seed, a small black-and-red seed,
forming the nominal unit of Indian weights: the average
weight of the seedhas been stated at1. grains troy, but later
experiments make it a trifle more, or I.984 grain. The
jewellers’ and goldsmiths’ weight of the same denomina
tion is about 2्र grains.
GusAls, H. (P. U*४५*) GusAvAsHण्, Tel. (ॐ०्टा
०Goंo) Profit, gain. In fiscal language it is applied to
the capabilities of a village, particularly with reference
to a proposed increase of rewenue. Excess ofthe real ower
the recorded area of a Zamindārf.
। Gujaishi, H. (P..*५५-*) Profitable.
Guitj4isu, Karn. (KG०&व्०99ं9) Outbidding another in
a sale or contract.
GUNTA, Tel. (?००eo) A well or pond ; a field, a pit.
GUNTA,GooNTA, Tel. (?००&०) A sguare land measure, edual
to I2I sguare yards, or the fortieth part of an acre. A
measuring rod or chain, which, sguared, constitutes the
measure also so named, forty of which make an acre.
The survey of the ceded districts directed the measure
ments to be made in acres, goontas, and anas (or six
teenths).-छेth Rep. 787.
GUNTAKA, Tel. (KS०&os) GUNTE, GUNTIKE, Karn. (ॐ०्रं,
xG०&3ठं ) A sort of harrow or implement for levelling
ploughed ground, A sowing machine.
GUNTH, GooNTH, Uriya (१]ं, ) A land measure of sixteen
bisicas. (The same word most probably as Gunta, though
spelled with a final aspirate).
100
GUR.
GUNTH, GooNTH, H. (ं; ) Lands assigned rent-free for
the support of a temple (Kamaon).
GUPTA, S. (गुप्तः) Hidden, concealed, preserved.
Gupt4cadhaita, S. (गुमावभूत) An ascetic of a particular
order, one who does not avow his profession of mendi
cancy, or who observes its practices in Secret.
Gupt-ddm, H. ( ७lee-*) lit-, A hidden donation, as where
a person leaves property with a Brāhman and newer re
claims it; or presents him with a sealed bag ; or drop
ping a present in the bottom of a sacred pool of water at
Kurukshetra, at a solar eclipse, in which the pilgrim has
bathed, leawing the officiating Brāhmans to search for it.
GUR, GooR, H. &c. (S.28, गुड) GU DAMU, Tel. (KSॐॐoo)
Molasses, treacle, raw sugar, the produce of the first in
spissation of the juice of the cane.
GURAB, GOORUB, H. (५-2*, from Gurabm4, ५; , to dig)
Deep weeding ; also, in the Upper Doab, ploughing
through a field of bajra or.jamudr when the plant is about
a foot high, to loosen the soil, but so as not to injure
the plants.
GURARi, GooRUREE, H. (.97*) A twist of rope or straw,
to form a stand for a round-bottomed jar.
GURARI-GHAR, Uriya (१jgश3a6२) Place where the salt in
solution is condensed by boiling (Cuttack).
GURAw, or GURAwA, also pronounced GURAo, corruptly
written GUROw, Mar. (गुरव) A caste, or individual of
it, considered as a Satdra, but who is usually employed
as the servant of the willage temple, Sweeping it, and
decking the idol ः he is also the willage trumpeter. See
.IBaluta.
Gurao-punja, Mar. (from पुंज, S., a heap) The share of the
crop allotted to the Gurao for his remuneration.
GURDA, GooRDA, H. ('e98) A part of a Sugar-mill, a scraper
to prevent the sugar from resting at the bottom of the
boiler.
GURoURi, H. &c. (.99}) A small pipe for smoking, with
a straight and inflexible tube.
Gurguria, or Gul/ulia, Thug. A low murmuring sound,
like the bubbling of the pipe, made by a sort of owl
an unlucky omen.
GURHAUR, H. 9* ) Stacks of cow-dung (East Oudh).
GURIKAR, Karn. (?००Gन्धॐ) The head man of a willage.
A head man of armed peons.
GURIWA, Ben. (शूजिपं) A confectioner, a worker in treacle.
GURRATI, (?) A tax or cess formerly lewied on the salt
 GUR। GUT

makers in the Sunderbans by the officers of government, Gurutalpaga, S. (तल्पं, a bed, and ग, who goes to) One
for the privilege of cutting firewood in the Jangal. who has a criminal intercourse with the wife of a Guru,
GURKHAI, GooRKHwE, H. (J***) A kind of mortgage in a most heinous offence.

Bundelkhand, in which the mortgager is responsible for GURUN, (the n very obscurely sounded, and the word in com
three-fourths of the gowernment revenue on the mortgaged position shortened to GUP), Mar. (गुरुं) Any animal of
|land. the Bos kind, a bull, a cow, a buffalo. _

Gt RTU, (?) A land measure=8द्वै English acres (Nellur). Gurakh{, or Gurdkhi, Mar. (गुरखी, Or गुराखी, an abbre

GURU, GooRoo, S., but adopted in all the dialects ; in com wiation of Gurain, and S. Itakhshi, who preserves) A cow
position often abridged to GUR, (गुरू:) lit., Heavy, weighty, keeper, a graZier.
whence, metaphorically, a person of weight or respecta Gurcharai), or Gurchard{, Mar. (गुरचरणं, गुरचराई) Pas

bility, as an elder or parent, and especially a spiritual turage for cattle. Price paid for its hire.
teacher or guide, one who, under the primitive system, in GURUTU, Karn. ( KSॐ०3०) A mark, as a signature, made
structed the youth of the three first classes in the Wedas, by a person who cannot write.
but in later times one who merely communicates to him, GURHAL, GU!.HAR, Mar. (गुन्हाल, गुळ्हार) A sugar work, the
with greater or lesser Solemnity, the peculiar prayer which place with the machinery for bruising the cane and ex
is considered Sufficient to initiate the disciple, and make tracting the juice.
him a member of any particular sect or tribe. Gu RZMAR, H. (from P. ;,% a club, and SJ५०, what strikes)
Gurudटैc, or -dera, S, Ben. (गुरुदेव) A spiritual guide, a A Mohammadan Fakir, who carries a club armed with
parent or elder, one who is reverenced as a divinity. spikes, with which he wounds himself to extort alms.
Gurudakshind,S.,vermacularly, Gurdachluind,H. (गुरुदक्षिणा, The order is said to have originated with a Pir named
५-9* ) Present made to a Guru by his disciple on Sayid Ahmad Kabfr.
completing his education, or receiving his initiation. Rent GUTA, GUTTA, or GUTKA, Mar. (गुता, गुक्ा, or गुतका) An

free lands originally granted to a Guru.
Gur-gdnth, Thug. The knot or tie which the Guru in
structs the nowice to fasten.
Gurukul, S. &c. (from कुल, a family) The family of a
spiritual teacher.
exclusive right of sale, or Supply of any commodity, a
contract, a monopoly, farm, or rent, an income of variable
amount sold or let for a fixed sum.
Gutgi-patti, Mar, A deed of agreement, of contract, or farm.
GUTI, GUTi, IBen. (यून्ि भूेन) The cocoon of the silkworm.
*

Gurukkul, (?) The head priest amongst the Saivas of the Gutipoka, Ben. (भूर्ध्नि:भाक) A silkworm.
south of India. GUTTA, Tel. Karn. (?०5.) Farm, lease, rent: (see the Mar.
Gurumditd, Panjabi, A convention of the chiefs of the Sikh Gutd : it is no doubt the same word which is also cur

tribes, formerly held on all occasions of importance at rent in Sindh as Gutto).

Amritsar. Guttagddu, Tel. (K०ॐ.7त्प्&०) A renter, a farmer.
Gurumukh{, Panjabi (S. गुरूमुखी) The modification of the Gutti/e, Karn. ( KS3.7 ) Assessment, rental on land.
Devanagarf alphabet devised by the Sikhs ः it does not Gutti/८-ddr, Karn. (from P. 9le, who has) One who rents
differ in shape, but the powers of many of the letters are from government the lands of a willage; one who farms
interchanged. the revenue.

Gurupaddsraya, S. (from पाद, foot, and साश्रप:, refuge) Gattarahola, Karn. (K23.7 ॐ~ee) A rented field.
Profound reverence of the Guru. Phalagutige, Karn. (S. मल, fruit) Assessment paid in
Gurupatja, S. (पूजा, worship) Weneration of a Guru, wor kind.

ship offered to him ; also to the planet Jupiter, who is Tºokhkhada-guttige, Karn. (3.०३8ॐठैर्र्) Assessment paid
the Guru of the gods. in money. _

Guruputra, S. (पुच, a son) The son of a Guru, to be Guttinae, (?) Tuluva, The ancient term for the head of a
held also in profound respect. willage or Paitil.
Gurpinch, Thug. The strangler who has been duly in Gutto-shard), Sindhi (from A. ५--'As, wine) Tax on dis
structed by the Guru. tillers and wenders of spirituous liguors.
191
 GUT
GUTTP, Karn. ( KSं
ं) A place where bodies are burnt. A
_
pile and corpse when reduced to ashes.
GUTTU, Karn. (Koं9) Private or family affairs.
GUZAR, GUZAR, GUZARA, H. 9ं,)'ं, 9l33, these and si- |
milar words are derived from the P. Gugashtam, ७* ं, ।
to pass, to pass by or over, and in other dialects occur
as Guddr, Gujdr, &c.) A ferry, a ferry station or boat,
a place of transit or toll.
। Gugar-ban, H. (७५)ं; ) An officer appointed to take tolls
both on the high roads and at ferries.
Gugar-7a/, H. (P. s'93४ ) A ferry, a ferry station.
GUZAR, H. ()l38) One who transfers, hands over, or pays ;
whence
-Mail-gugdr, H. (P., from Mil, wealth, revenue) The per
son who pays the government rewenue, whether on his own
account, or as the representative of others.
-Mdl-Gugdri, H. P., Payment of the government revenue
by an individual.
Gugdrish, H. (U9' ँ ) Payment, transfer. Representation,
Gu2dsht, also, vernacularly, GU DAST and GUJAST, cor
ruptly, GosAUSTH, H. (c~~:'$s, P. ४ंlās) Mar. (गुदस्त)
H. (गुजस्त) Tel. Karn. (?०edं.) Past, gone by, relin
५uished : deduction allowed, payment remitted, or the like :
in the south it applies, as a revenue term,.to the year
last past only.
Gugdrat, H. (c-99'As) Through the medium, by the hand
of (payments, &c.) : see G५jdrat.
Gujast4-jamd, Gujast4-jamin, Hindi (गुजशता जमा -जमीन)
Statements of the amount of revenue and land of the pre
ceding year, for comparison with the increase or decrease
of the current year.
GUZRAN, vernacularly,Gujrdn, H. (J))ं; ) Living, livelihood,
means or mode of subsisting.
GUZRI, H., vernacularly, Gujri, (? .9ं) A market, espe
cially one held by the road-side in the afternoon.
GwAN, vernacular corruption of Jndn, (ज्ञान) Knowledge.
Gydn-krita-badh, Ben. and Uriya. Wilful homicide.
H
HA, the letter 2-, the initial of Hu2afr-nac{s, Secretary of
State, affixed to royal grants as a mark of attestation by
the officer whose duty it is to issue them.
HABB, HUBB, H. (A. ५---) A grain, a berry.
IWabaib, Huboob, also ITubl4bdit or Huboobat, H. (५-***-,
Plural of ५-~-, ५-५;A-, plural irregular of ५--';A-)
192
HAD
Grains, &c.; but applied to cesses or imposts extra to the
। regular assessmentः the terms seem to have been used
indiscriminately with Abrodb (Harrington's Analysis, iii.
|
286, note), but they more correctly define exactions in
kind, of articles for the use of the Zamindar or of persons
in authority, as milk, eggs, sheep, oil, ghee, blankets, skins,
and the like : they were sometimes commuted for money.
HABS, HUBS, H. (A. U~～~) Imprisonment, confinement;
a prison, a prisoner : a reservoir, an embankment, that
in or by which water is confined.
HABSHI, H. (A. A4-) An African or Abyssinian slave
under the native administration : Jlabsh being the Arabic
reading of Abyss-inia.
HADD, HUDD, or with only one final, HAD, plural HUDt D,
H. (A. A-, plural e:A3-) Boundary, limit, term, whether
of place or time. In Mohammadan penal law, statutory
punishment for certain crimes, distinguished from Kisds
or retaliation, as not being claimable by the 'grieved
parties, and from Tacir, as not being inflicted at the dis
cretion of the judge, but defined by law.
.Had-bandi, IIud-bundee, also Had-bast, Hud-bust, H.
(.*५9-, e-०.५ck-) Settlement and demarcation of
boundaries : as this is a constant subject of dispute, great
pains have been taken in various parts of India, and par
ticularly in the north-west provinces, to determine it by
survey and record.
Hadddd, A. (ol5-) An obstruction, a doorkeeper, a black
smith.
JHadda-patrikd, Tel. (ंं०७षं) A statement of
boundaries.
Jad-i.jam’db, H. (५--';*- A--) The replication or rejoinder
in a legal proceeding.
IIadmahadad, Hindi (हदमहदद, vernacular corruption of
the A. eyces, Mahdid, bounded) A term in leases or
farming-contracts which recognises the power of the farmer
over all the land and crops within the limits of his farm.
(Puraniya).
JHudud-arbd, H. (A. eं9le99-) Boundaries of the four
sides of an estate.
HADA, or HADANA, Karn. (ॐ ं, ०ॐं७) Amoderate duan
tity of rain, so as to fit the soil for Sowing. (In this
and other senses these words are no doubt the Arabic
JHad, limit).
JHada-cddamare, Karn. ( &०ॐ5ऽढं७ठै) A heavy fall
of rain, such as to saturate the soil.
|
 HAID
HADAP, HApAPH, Gu2. (८७५, ८ &५) A deposit in secu
rity of payment due for a toll or custom-duty.
HADAPA, Karn. (ॐॐ) A barber’s case, a betel pouch.
-77adapija, Karn. (ॐॐ8x) A barber; a king's petty
cash-keeper, whose duty it is to carry betel for the prince
and his visitors.
HA prA, or HARIA, Gu2. (४u!l५tu) A tenure under which
land is held in GuZerat.
HADi:, H. (A. ५-*-५A-) The traditional sayings and doings
of Mohammad, having for the most part the force oflaws.
HADf wA, H. (A. *aes) A present, especially to a superior ;
a present made to a teacher by the pupil who has read
the Koran with him.
HADKf, corruptly, HINKEE, Mar. (हाडकी, derivative of हाड,
a bone) lit., a little bone ; fig., Land granted rent-frea to
the Mhdr, or willage sweeper, where he may deposit bones,
offal, &c., but when not so used it is usually cultivated
by the occupants.
-776dol4, incorrectly, Hudolee, Mar. (हाडोला) Service land
granted to the IMhdrs of a village, and assessed at a low
rate : the revenue from such land.
HADR, incorrectly, HIDDIR, A. ७ces) Unreguited, unavenged;
in law, said of blood that may be shed, or life taken away,
with impunity, as that of a criminal who dies in con
seduence of punishment not intended to be fatal ; also,
that of an apostate : mo penalty or retaliation is ever to
be exacted in Such cases, according to some authorities.
HAPrZ, H. (A. ki७-, from -Hafं, 'a3-, has preserved) A
preserver, a guardian, a keeper.
#{fig-i-daftar H. 9ंiokas-) Keeper of the records ; a
servant or officer who has charge of the books of an
office, &c.
HAFTA, H. (ंub, from P. e-AP, seven) A week ः in the
Hindu dialects Hapta, g. w.
HAGA, Karn. (व्व्)x) A small coin in Mysore, a guarter
gold fanam ; also, a single silver fanam.
-Haajada duddu, Karn. (व्ठ०x*ं) The value of a sil
ver fanam in copper, or 80 hds. _
HAGE, HAGEvA, HAGEvU, Karn. (व्ठळ7ं, ४०7रॆ०ऽ७, ॐ7र्र्.७]
A grain pit, a Subterranean granary.
HAIAT, H. (A. ५--'५-) Life.
HAIN U, Karn. (ॐbKo) The period between May and Sep
tember-that of the heavy rains.
-77ainu-7adde, Karn. (ॐ०॰xं) Wet lands, for sowing
rice during the monsoon.
198
HAJ
Jainu-pairu, Karn. (&०bxcºbॐ०) Corn standing in
the heavy wet weather.
HAJ.J, usually written with one j, HAJ, HUJ, H. (A. द्व-)
The pilgrimage to Mecca. _
-Hajj-al:farं, H. (A. ०90ट्ट-) The ordained or enjoined
pilgrimage, which should be performed once by every Mo
hammadan who has the means of performing it.
IIdji, H. (A.._५-७-) A Mohammadan whohas performed
the pilgrimage.
HAJA, Ben. (ख्रिl) Destruction of crops by floods or heavy rain.
HAJ.JAM, commonly, HAJAM or HUJAM, corruptly, HEJAM
and HUDJAM, H. &c. (A. •५--) A barber, a barber
Surgeon, one who not only shaves but bleeds, cups, cleans
the ears, pares the nails, &c. : usually included among
the willage establishment.
Jaj4mat, H. (A. ५--~a५--) The functions of a Hajam
shaving, cupping, &c.
JTajdm-dyajodi, Karn. (४०aठळ०e०ऽoa3,००) Tax lewied
on the land assigned to the willage barber (Mysore).
-7Tajdm-hadapa, Karn. (ॐध्छब्)००ॐॐ) A tax on each
raZor-case (Mysore),
Jajdm-hasab-cari, Karn. ( &०aउळ०ॐ०$०) Any cess
or tax imposed upon barbers in Mysore.
HAJAT, H. (A. ५-१-५-) Need, want, necessity, any matural
want. Confinement of persons charged with heinous of
fences until their trial ; place where they are confined.
H4jat-i-naksha, (?) H. (&ं ५-१-५-) Necessity of com
paring documents. _
II4jat-i-sidh4, (from P. ७०५५५, an account) Ready for or
regutring entry or account (money, &c.)
H4jat-i-tajng12, H. (from A}}*’, investigation) Reguiring
or awaiting inguiry or trial.
HAJIB-NUKsAN, A. (७५4ं ५-७--) In Mohammadan law,
Partial exclusion with respect to inheritance, or substitu
' tion of one share for another, as in the case of a wife,
who, where there are no children, has a fourth share, but
where there are any, only an eighth.
HAJKUL, Hindi (हजकुल) To the whole extent cultivated ;
(Puraniya).
HAJ R, HIJR, or HAJAR, A. 0-) lit., Hindrance, pro
hibition. In law, annulment, disgualification ; the inva
lidity of acts done by a minor, an idiot, a slave, or the
like; that is, by persons incompetent to act for themselves
by wirtue of immature years, defective intellect, or de
pendent situation.
8 D
 HAK
HAk K, commonly, HAK, HUK, or HUo, barbarously, HUG,
H. &c. (A. G-, हक) Truth, the true God, A true, just,
legal, or prescriptive right or claim ; the privilege, fee,
perguisite, or grant claimable under established usage by
the officers ofgovernment, willage officers, &c., the power
of abolishing which by the government of Bombay was
affirmed by the Supreme Government Act xx. I889. The
word is used in various compounds, either with the Arabic
article al, or the Persian sign of relation i ; as, JWak-al
tahsil, or ITak-i-talsil, &c., or occasionally without either ;
and in Maratht it occurs with either a single or double
final, as, Hal, IIakk, (हकं, हक्ः;) but the latter is con
sidered more correct.
Jakk-ulldh, A. (४)).G-) The right of God ; or, in law, the
retributive chastisement which it is the duty of the ma
gistrate to inflict for crimes and offences, especially against
morality and religion.
Jakk-ul-dbd, A. (A4x"G-) The right of the slave (of
God). In law, the right of an injured individual to de
mand redress and justice,
IIakl-1an-ndis, A. (U~५८9-) The right of men, that is,
of the public, to demand justice for any offence against
the laws of society.
Jak-bhent, H. (cº-44a.G-) Presents made halfyearly, in
general by the landholders or payers of revenue, to the
government officers.
JHahº-chauthdi, Mar. (हकचौयाई) A fourth part of the fees
annually paid to willage and district officers, levied from
them by the former gowernment.
-Hak-ddr, ITuj-dar, barbarously Jug-ddr, H. &c. (Ole, who
holds) The holder of a right, a person vested with any
property, perduisite, or privilege, the holder of a Share
(of the revenue or the crops), a government or village
officer who claims prescriptive rights or fees, one who
makes a claim or demands a right, a claimant.
.Ha4-ddri, H. &c. Holding any right or privilege, the right
of claim, privilege, or property.
-7lak-i-hamºdladd)', H. 9leAlb-Jº-) A portion of grain
given to the officer of the Zamindar employed to collect
the revenue, usually at the rate of a seer-and-a-half per
maund of forty seers.
JHal iat, H. (e~ं-) Right, claim, property.
Jak-ā-intifa, H. (ं'G-) Revenue profits on payment
of the government demand.
.Hal-kamin-chdri, H. (.9५-७***G-) or IIahº-sidn-chdri,
I94
HAK
(.9५ह’५) or IIabं-tholº-ddrं, (.9'*xं) Dues and fees
paid by the villagers to officers bearing the designations
of Kam{n, Sidma, and Thokddr, the mamagers of the vil
lages under the authority of the government in Kamāon
and Garhw{tl.
Hahk-hal4l, Mar. (हक्काहलाल) Rightly and lawfully due or
claimable.
Jal-krishdai, Ben. (श्रुङ्षi*ी) The right of the cultivator
to his share of the crop.
Jak-malikana, H. (&lkJ५०७-) The right of the Malik,
the proprietor, or Zamindar, to a per-centage on the net
revenue, or, whem dispossessed of the Zamindārf, to an
allowance for his support.
-Hal-ā-milkiat, H. (c4-34-२७-) The right or due of pro
prietorship or mastership, the right of the Zamindar to
M{tlikāna.
Jak-ā-mushdhara, H. (from A. ४,७५-०, monthly wages)
The right of receiving pay or allowances ; under the Ma
ratha gowernment the term was applied to the per-centage
lewied upon the perduisites and allowances of the district
officers, the Desmukhs and Despāndyas.
JWak-md-halं, H. (G-GJ-) J7akkmahakk, TToukkndhakH,
Hakkndh, Mar. (हक्नहक्, हक्नाहक्का, हझनाक) Right or
wrong, justly or unjustly ; but it usually implies wrong
fully, unjustly, without regard to right or wrong, without
consideration.
JHakkmail, Mar. (हक्माल) A rightful claim or possession.
Jlak-paticdri, H. (-9'*J-) The fees payable to the
willage accountant.
Jlak-i-rdaiya, H. (A. ५५9, peasantry) The right of the
cultivator, his right of occupation while paying the de
mand of the government or Zamindar, and his right to
the established share of the crop.
JHak-i-8arkar, H. (P. ०9“, government) The right of the
government to a Share of the crop, or a money com
mutation.
Jak-m-sarbardh, H. (P. ४'x9५, management) The right of
management, as of the head of a village to conduct its
affairs.
Ja!--sh५fill, or Hal-us-shgfil (from &ं, pre-emption)
Right of pre-emption in a person whose possessions adjoin
those for Sale.
Jal--talsil, or Hal-1at-talsil, (from. A. c५~～', collection)
The right or due of collection, the rate or fee of the officer
employed to collect the gowernment rewenue.
 HAK HAL

77aksai, Gua. (४%3au४) Fee, perguisite, brokerage com by officers of government or Zamindars ः (from Hiuhdm,
mission. an officer or deputy).
-77aktik, H. (pl. of J-) Rights, fees, privileges, &c. JHukm, H. &c. (A. K-) JTuki/m, Mar. (हुळूम) Order,
-Hak-us-sadi, H. (from A. J*“ ? labour) Reward of labour command.

especially a present for good offices rendered by one in JHukm-ndma, H. (A.०७ K-) A written ,order, a written
authority. award or judgment.
J7a8-al-ndikidh, absurdly corrupted to Hughl/-foacca, H. JHukm-ndima-berij, H. (P. 6ं',ं) The standard assessment of
(A. *ं}kG-, Record or statement of occurences. Mysore under Tipu.
Jakktah, Mar. (हक्टक) The dues as paid in cash to a 7fukm-nagd, H. (A. 8-3x K-) Authorised deductions.

district or willage officer. Huktimat, H. (plural of Hukm) Orders, rules, regulations.

Jak--2aminddr, or Hal-2amindari, H. (from P. 9'9७*9a -Haktimat, H. (A. *७*-) JTukhnat, Mar. (हुकमत) Sowe
landholder) The rights or dues of a Zamindar agreeably reignty, authority.
to the sanad by which he holds his lands or his engage IIakamat-al-4dl, or Hahamat-i-4dl, A. (JA4l c~~~०)ं-)
ments with the government. A just award, one in which the penalty is proportioned
HA Ki RAT, or HAoEEoUT, corruptly HACKIKUT, H. &c. to the injury or offence, a decision by just arbitrement.
(A. ५-4ं-, from Jº-) HAKrKAT, Mar. (इकिकत) Ben. Reg. iv. I822.
Statement, account, representation of circumstances as they HA KERI, commonly HACKERw, (?) A native cart drawn by
are. bullocks ः (the word, although in common use, is neither
Jakikat-i.jamd, H. (e*+ ५~~ं-) Particular account Hindi nor Bengali : it may be a corruption of the Port.
of the public revenue in all its branches: the accounts carro, or acarretai, to carry),
prepared of the revenues of Bengal and Bahar to the pe HAKKALU, Karn. (॰ंeo)
Gleanings of corn : rice culti
riod of their assignment to the Company. vation carried on on high ground without the aid of re
JHalikat-iःjamd-tttmdri, H. (from e*+, aggregate, and | servoirs of water.

८.9`*, registered) Particular account of the public re HAL, H. (A. J५-) State, condition, present or actual state.
venue agreeably to the recorded rates. In revenue accounts the actual state of the collections.

-Hakāhat-ndma, H. (*०५e-A-) A written statement of | In Marathi and Karnata the word commonly implies a
particulars. bad state, extremity, embarrassment, distress.
Jakikat-ro2inah-ddri, H. (from P. )le *५}}), a daily pen । IIdld, H. (Je-) An instalment of revenue, a present pay
sioner) An account of payments made to daily pensioners, ment (Dehli).
formerly kept by the Kanungo. JIdil-dibddi, H. (ese५ि J-) Under present cultivation
-Ha#that-talsil, H. (A. 99-2=) The actual state of the (land), having formerly been waste.
revenue collections. .Hal-4badi-2amin, H. (from P. Abdd, cultivation, and ca
-77akikat-2aminddrt, The possession or condition of a min, land) Land under present cultivation.
Zamindar’s estate and engagements. .Hal-4hdr, H. (,७) ८)-) Present or actual realiZation of
HAKAM, A. (*~, from the ?”. *, commanded) A judge, reWenue,

an arbitrator. -Halat, Halut, H. (A. c-J५-) Condition, state: the term was
-774him, H.(A. /*'-) -Halam, Hakim, Mar, (हकम, हाकीम) used also to denote a particular high duty on pepper, betel
A ruler, a govermor, the supreme administrative authority mut, cardamoms, cassia, and sandal in Belghi and Sunda :
in a district; also, a judge. see Haltd.
-7lakim, Hukeem, H. (A. ***-) A sage, a physician. Halat, H. (A. ५--''~, plural of ce-J'-) Circumstances,
JH4kimai, H. (७**'-) Belonging to the ruler or the govern present states or conditions.
ment, as the government share of the crop, or the revenue JTal-bdhi, H. ( J'-) Current or present balance.
derived from it. JHal-bakdid, H. (५७.J\-) Presentdemand and formerbalance.
-7fikmat, H. (A. Aं-) Wisdom, knowledge, ingenuity, skill. | .Hal-bhanjan, corruptly, ITal-bunjin, H. (from J** *

-7Tuhdmi, H. (७-७-) Applied to grants of land made | breaking) Anticipation of the revenue of the ensuing year.
105
 HAL
.77ail-chalami, H. (A#'-) Present currency.
Jal-ddr, H. OloJ'~) A willage officer next to the Patwari,
an assistant accountant. A name borme by some Bengal
families of the trading castes, commonly Holdar.
ITal-ddri, H..( .9.N-) The office of H{tldār : also, in for
mer times, a tax upon marriages levied in Bengal.
Hal-kaliºat, H. (५-8ं-'-) Statement of the actual
condition of an estate, an account shewing the amount of
revenue to be paid by each cultivator to government or
the Zamindar, and the items of which it consists.
JHail-hdsil, H. (o-०='-) The acttial produce or revenue
of any tract of land. _
JHal-hdsil{, H. (.A~~'-) Actually productive, land yield
ing rewenue varying with the crops grown upon it.
JT4li, H. (_'~, what is present) lit., Present, actual, new ;
aS applied to coin, current ; instalment, present payment
। of revenue, the government assessment (Dehli). In the
west of India, a bondsman, one serving as a labourer in
payment of a debt, until the debt is discharged.
IIali-dakhal, H. and Karn. (व्व्)9Cosoe) Increase of the
actual assessment (Mysore).
II(il.jamd, H. (***-) The actual rent or revenue pay
able to gowernment.
Hal-ndjh{, Ben. (शीनभांी) An inferior village officer, who
collects rents on the part of the Patwarf, and performs
menial Service for the superior willage and Zamindari
officers (Rungpore).
IIttl-parid, Uriya (६IRa३चl) Land at present lying fal
low, recently thrown out of cultivation.
IIdl-puchhi-luisab, H. (from c_s**: ; "o ask) An abstract
of current accounts kept at hand, one produced on being
asked for (Northern Circars).
IIdºl-sdl, H. (P. J“, a year) The present or current year,
*or of this year.
JTail-sha/ma, also, vernacularly, -sahma or -sdhama, H. (A.
Aie“.J'~) An officer of the Zamindar, employed to keep
the measurement of the land possessed by each cultivator,
and collect the rents when due.
Jal-taajih, H. (A. a**J-) An account of rewenue
collections for the current period.
HAL, HUL, also HAR, HUR, d. v., H. (S. ce, L*, हल) HAL,
or HAL, Ben. (श्ल, ग्रीन) A plough.
JWalditd, II ulaeta, or, provincially, Jarctd, and Halotd,
H. (Uंls, हरेता, इलोता) The first ploughing of the
SeaSOn_
196
HAL
ITalas, Haras or Hanas, JHulus, JTurus, Hunus, H.
U~''श्, U9*, U-५, हलस) The beam or pole of a plough,
the stick that passes obliguely between the oxen, and sup
ports the yoke.
Jal-bandi, Hal-bundee, H. (.४Aं J:०) Assessment accord
ing to ploughs ; also a tenure in Bareilly, in which a few
bighds are assigmed to each temant who has a plough, for
the cultivation of cotton and Indian corn, for which he
pays one rupee per bijhd ः for all other land he pays in
kind. In Kamion the term implies the guantity of land
under cultivation by any party.
JHal-bardr, Hul-burdr, H. (9]As) Assessment according
to the number of ploughs ; collections at a certain sum
per plough.
Hal-ddr, H. ()le Us) The possessor of a plough.
-Hal-ddri-jamd, H. (e*- ५9a u)s) Revenue assessed at
a rate per plough.
JTali, sometimes IIdilee, H. &c. (AP JP, हली) A plough
man, a man employed in ploughing. In Surat, IIdli is
the denomination of a class of agricultural bondsmen, per
sons who have sold their labour for an advance of money,
and are bound to serve, chiefly in the field, until the money
is repaid ः the obligation extends to their posterity ; they
are usually Hindus of low caste. When not employed by
their master they may work for themselves, and what they
earn is their own property. A JHali cannot be transferred
to another master against his will, In Kamaon a Hdli
or HIdlia is a man of low caste, a Dom, who has been
bought as a slave, and is chiefly employed in the labours
of the field, but who cuts wood, brings in grass, carries
burthens, &c., or performs domestic menial service.
JHalid//, H. (e-1AP, हलयाग) The wages of ploughmen, espe
cially when paid in kind ः in some places it is said to be
one-eighth of the crop.
JHalsdr{, “ Hulsaree, H. (.9५.As) Subdivision and assess
ment of revemue on ploughs, assessment on each plough
in a willage.
Jaltaddi, IIultuddee, (.४ंGls) A drill-plough.
-Halcira, IIulpeera, Mar. (from हल, a plough) A tax on
ploughs.
JTalicdhd, ITulmºaha, IIarmcdhd, H. (५el9s, 's', , हलवाहा।)
A ploughman.
Jalmºdh{, H. (.े';५०, हलवाही) Tillage, agriculture.
HAL, Hindi (हाल) Moisture (Puraniya).
-IIdlijard, Hindi (हालगणा) Land retaining moisture (Ibid),
 \
HAL HAM।

HALA, Karn. (ॐ9) A weight egual to eight Mysore sdrs, 77allijaidu, Karn. (ॐ९?7जव्)ॐ७) A country willage, or one
or an Indian ounce, thirteen of which make a pound. in a wood.
HALA K, or HALA KAT, H. (A. ५4-"ls, ५-%ls) Death, destruc JHalligddinacaru, Karn. (ंरब्०७३०) Peasantry,
tion : in law, homicide, manslaughter. willagers.
HALAL, H. (A. Jºb०) HALAL, Ben. (शनील) Lawful, allowed, Hallikar, Karn. (ॐ४०००) A tribe of Stidras in Mysore,
in contrast to JTardm, forbidden. following husbandryः
Halalkhor, H. O95- J-, from P. ७e);*-; to eat) A man HALTA, Karn. (व्व्)9ग्?) Aduty levied in Belghi and Sunda
of the lowest caste, who performs the wilest class of func on pepper,betel-nuts, cardamoms, Sandal-wood, and cassia.
tions, as a sweeper, &c. ः (so termed as if considering HALU BE, or -v E, Karn. (&०eoं, --G) A sort of rake or

every thing lawful food). harrow for lewelling a field of corn in the blade after
HALDf, HULDEE, H. (.sAls, S. हरिद्रा) HALDA, Mar. (हळद) reaping. _

Turmeric. The ceremony of anointing the persons of the HALwAi, H. (.'9-) HALui, Ben. (शनूं) A confectioner,
bride and bridegroom with turmeric between the betroth a maker of Halwā, or Sweetmeats. In the Lower IDoab
ment and the actual marriage among the Mohammadans. it denotes a tribe or caste ; in most other places only the
There are two ceremonies so called-the Chor-haldi, the maker and vender.

private staining ; and Satt-haldt, the public or open stain HALwAKKAL, Karn. (व्ळ्ळesं) A tribe of agricultural
ing, being performed in public, after which the married Stidras in Mysore.
pair sit together in state. HAM, HUM, H. (P.,s) Also, ever, like, Same; mueh used
HALDA, or HARDA, HULDA, HURDA, H. (lels, le,०) A sort to form compounds implying sameness or connexion ; as,
of mildew affecting the cerealia, in which the plant turns -Ham-dam, H. (Pe ) An intimate friend or associate :
yellow and withers. (from Dam, breath),
HAJ.EPAIK, Karn. (०%णa०oo6) The term applied in -Ham.jdit, H. (५“-*५-AP) Of the same caste, of the same kind.
Mysore to the drawers of tdrं who speak the Tuluva -Ham.jins, H. (U~*- P) Homogeneous, of the same kind
language. or sort.

HALF, HULF, in some dialects HALAP, or HULUP, H. (A. -Ham-rdi, H. (॰!) *) An accomplice, a confederate; of
५-4-) An oath, a vow, an affidavit. one purpose.

Halfºdarāhi, H. (from P. 89)e, a falsehood) Perjury. -Ham-sdia, H. (*५५ *) A neighbour,

-77alf-ndma, H. (A.७ ५-il-)TA written solemn declaration
by a person exempt by the Regulations from being sworn
in the ordinary manner.
J7alif H. (A. -il'-) One who takes an oath, or makes an
affidavit.
HALiMAwALf, Mar. (हालीमवाली, plural, for A. ७"*७५)
High and low, rich and poor.
HALiMAJf, Mar. (हालीमाजी, from A. ५ '-, -present, and
-Hamsdi-grdimamu, H. Tel, A neighbouring village.
-Hamshahri, H. (४)** **) A fellow-townsman.
HAMAH, HUMEH, H. (P. AAs) All, together ; used like the
preceding in compounds, and vernacularly confounded.
-Hama-bdbat, H. (c“-५५ **s) The grand total, the aggre
gate of the items.
-Hamajat, Mar. (हमजात) A promiscuous crowd, one of all
casteS.

J***, past) Change of administration, remowal of public
functionaries, and appointment of others.
HALkA, HULoA, H. (A. Aं0-, lit. a ring) A willage circuit,
a boundary line which includes all the lands and dwell
ings ofa village or hamlet, a circle or estate including
many willages.
HALLA, Karn. (ॐ९ँ) A water-course, a river bed.
HALLI, Karn. (ॐ%)" A small village or hamlet; added fre
guently to other"names, and commonly written hully, as,
IIarpan-hully, &c.
107
-Hama-kaum, H. ( * *As) All the tribes, all classes,
HAMAL, H. (A. JUA*) A porter, a carrierः in the South, a
palankin-bearer.
HAMALKHUN, Ben. (शंपानशून, from A. UA-, being preg
nant, and J*, blood) Causing abortion.
HAyrAMDASTA, Mar. (ह्मामदस्ता) HAMANDisTA, Ben. (शभीन
निखl), (both from the P. IIdican, J,५०, a mortar, and
JDasta, ***५०, a pestle) A mortar and pestle.
HAyri, HAMi, (Mar. हमी, हामी, from the A. Hami, ८s’-’
a protector) Assurance, surety, confirmation of a contract
8 E
 HAM HAR

or engagement by a third party pledging himself for its HANJA, Mar. (हांजा) An unsettled business, an affair or trans
execution. action in Suspense.
Hamiddr, IIdmiddr, Mar. (हमीदारं, हामीदार) The person HANJA, Hindi (हनजा) A head of cattle.
who affords an assurance or pledge, a security. HANKAL-TERiGE, Karn. (४००ठाळ०डैo7ं) A tax on the

Jlamil, H. (A. UAA-) A surety. stubble on which the cattle of the Ryots were allowed to
JTamipatra, Mar. (इमीपच) A security or assurance paper graZe (Mysore),
or bond. HANSRAJ, H. (S. ट) U~ं) A herb growing on brick walls
HAyrisHAyr, Tel. (ंण*२०००, corruption of S. 4n:am, सँशं) in the rains, used medicinally ः a kind of rice.
A possession, a portion. HAPAR, H. 0:५०) A nursery for Sugar-cane.
HAMLA, H. (A. AA-) Aggression, assault. HAPTA, less correctly, HUPTEE, Mar. ( इष्मr, a corruption of
HANA, Karn. (ॐ६०) Money in general ; the small coin P. IIafta, a week) HAPHTo, Gu८. (४५०it) A fixed
termed a fanam, whether of gold or Silver. period at which a portion of revenue, or any sum due, is
JBillā-hana, Karn. (०४ं) ९ॐ६२) A silver fanam. to be paid ; also the portion so paid, an instalment : under
JPinnada-hama, (४०७ुॐ०६२) A gold fanam. the formergowernment there were four haptās in the IDakhin,
JKantārdya-hana, Sultdinā-hama, Dotā-hana, Giddakamtā or the months October, January, March, and May, when
rdya-hama, Gopdli-hama, IBakrada-lama, are different the revenue was expected to be paid.
kinds of gold fanams current in Mysore, each worth about JHapte-bandi, Mar. (हमेर्बदी) Settlement for payments by
four silver ones. instalments ; payment of such instalments as they fall due.
-Hanada-ndita, Karn. (४०६० ँ,ॐ.०९&3) Examining and ex HAR, Ben. (S. श्रीह) A rate, a common rate : in revenue lan
changing money : shroffing. guage, local rate ofassessment; H. (,५०) A subdivision or
-IIanacadda, Karn. (०६०ॐ) A fanam-and-a-half part of an estate. In the north-west provinces, usually the
HANCHIKE, or -GE, Karn. (ं6aंठं -7ं) Sharing, dividing ; land most distant from the willage it belongs to, beyond the
allotment. ?ndnjha, or middle portion, and extending to the boundary
Jlancha///olu, Karn. (४००aंC7/०१०) A wooden Seal used or limits of the willage lands or estate. In Sāgar it means
by gowernment officers in Mysore when the farmers di the reverse, or the cultivated space immediately round a vil
wide their corn on the threshing-floor. lage. In Bundelkhand it denotes a tract of land of which
HAN0A, or HANDA, H. &c. (lods, 'AGub, हंडा, होंडा) A cook there may be several joint occupants : land which, from its
ing pot, whether of clay or metal. distance, had been abandoned by the Zamindar to the culti
Jlandi, or Haindiं, H. &c. (.**, ५.७५) हंडी, ह्रङी) A vators, and, after a long alienation, separately assessed : also,
small culinary vessel or pot. pasture land. Again, in the district of Agra it is applied to
HANDA, Mar. (ह्रदा) The mutual assistance in labour, bul all the diferent parts ofa village where such divisions have
locks, &c., interchanged among husbandmen. been created in the course of village economy ; and in Etawa
-77andekarं, Mar. (हदेिकरी) A labourer or a bullock lent it denotes the upland, or land lying above the ravines.
by one cultivator to another. IIdrhdri, IBen. (छ्ोद्भश्ोनी) Distribution, especially of assets
HANE, Karn. (०ं) A grain measure ofeighty rupees weight. amongst claimants in whose favour a decree has been pro
HANGAst, H. &c. (P. •ं) Time, Season, period at which nounced, proportionate to their respective claims; also,
any thing or business is most abundant or prevalent. taking the whole together, a general average.
Jangdm-sibandi, Mar. (हंगामशिवंदी) Militia or irregular JIdr{, Ben., H. (शी, ..9's) Relating or belonging to the
troops emlisted for a time. boundary lands: occupying a part or hdr : subject to a
-77an//dm?, H. (J४०५cs) Periodical, for a time; an extra local rate of assessment, &c.
cess imposed on the district of Jessore shortly before the JHarā-raiat, Ben. A cultivator who pays his revenue in
permanent settlement. '_ money, according to the local rate.
HANGAMA, H. (P. *७५cs) Tumult, disturbance. JIdr-kaula, corruptly, JWer-homcla, H. (४ं;)Us) Assessment

HANI, Ben. (S. श्रीनि) Loss, diminution, deficiency, injury. fixed in money upon different portions of an estate, ac
-IIdnibd, Uriya (६॥6ीal) Cutting and maiming. cording to the guality of the land (in the district of Benares)
198
 HAR.
HAR, H. &c. (,५०, हार्) HAR or HARI, Ben. (श्रीह, शाहि )
Loss, as at gaming, or of a suit at law, defeat, dis
comfiture.
IIdribdr, Uriya (६॥6२६.l6) The act of losing, or of being
beaten.
HAR, HUR, H. (P.A) Every, any ; used in compounds.
4/ar-bdb, Uriya (६४.६|१, P. and A., every class) Applied
to land capable of yielding any description of crops.
-74arbirah, Hindi (हरबीरह) Bearing the same rate of rent
per bājhd ; an estate.
-4/ar-d0-hissa, H. (from 99,*, each two, and &-2-, a share)
Both shares of the crop-the government's and the cul
tivator’s.
-//ar-lamesha, Hur-liumesh, H. (U***ं9*, from P. &-&.AAs,
always) Words inserted sometimes in a grant, to signify
one made for perpetuity, for ever and ever.
–//ar:jins, 7Tur.jins, H. (P. U~～-x) Grain of sorts, any
thing of various or every kind.
-77arhara, Harkaru, H. (४99*, from P, every9४, business)
A messenger, a courier, an emissary, a spy.
HAR, HUR, substituted vernacularly sometimes for HAL, H.
C*, S. इल) A plough.
-77ardi, ITaraee, H. (.3)P) The portion of land in a field
which is included within one circuit of a plough ; to com
mence another is termed Harai-pludndnaः : beginning of the
ploughing season. _ a furrow, the first ploughing of the season : affording mu
-77ardtar, Hindi, (हरातर्) Place where the ploughs are
working for the day.
-77ardti, Hindi, (हराती) Belonging to a plough.
-77ariduma, Hureeaon, H. (*,५x) IDivision of a crop, in
which the cultivator retains nime, and the Zamindar re
ceives seven parts (from har, a plough).
-77a?’auri, IIurouree, H. (.9*) The occupation of plough
ing, or place where ploughing is going on, In Benares,
an advance of about two rupees in money and two maunds
of corn given to a ploughman when first engaged.
JWarautd, IIurouta, H. (S97*) Beginning of the plough
ing season.
J7areta, or IIareta, H. (ं ।UP) हरेता) Commencement of
the ploughing season in the rains.
#arghasit, lfurdhusect, H. (५-५. ं9x) The cultiwated
lands of a willage (from har, a plough, and ghasitna, to
draw) (Lower Doab).
-Harhd, IIurlia, H. (Us,s) Unbroken and vicious bullocks,
plough bullocks, (Dehli). Stray oxen.
199
HAR
Jarhasali, Hindi, (हरहासली) Lands bearing crops.
J7ari, ITuree, II.(*9*) Compulsory contribution of assist
ance by Ryots in ploughing the fields of Zamindars ; also
sometimes voluntary mutual assistance of cultivators among
one another.
IItiri, Sindhi. A peasant, a cultivator (from har, a plough,
or for hatli, ५. v.).
-Harid, IIuryd, H. (५)P) A ploughman.
Haria?’, Huriu?’, H. (A)*) End of the sowing season.
(Oudh).
-Harori, Hindi, (हरोरी) Money lent by a cultivator to a
person to act as ploughman, bearing no interest as long
as he serves.
-Harpitji, IIurpoojee, H. (cºरी-x9०) The worship of the
plough on the day which closes the season of ploughing
and sowing ; sometimes it precedes the season, but less
usually : it generally occurs in Kartik, after the autumnal
sowing, but in some places it is celebrated after the spring
sowing also. The plough is cleaned and decorated with
garlands ; and to use or lend it after this day is considered
unlucky.
-Harsaija, H. ('ं.५,s, S. हल, and सहायजा, companionship)
_ Reciprocal assistance in ploughing.
-Harsot, Harsotia, IIursot, Hursotea, H. ( ५“-2*५,* from
S. हल, a plough, and सूच, a line or thread) Ploughing
tual assistance in ploughing : bringing home the plough
after a day's work on a bullock's back, or with the share
inverted (Dehli).
-77arrodhd, incorrectly ITurmca, H. (५०);9b) A ploughman,
an agricultural bondsman, one who has sold his serwices
for an advance, and is bound, together with his descendants,
to serve until the advance is repaid (Allahabad).
Harical, ITurnal, H. ( J}P) Advances, without interest,
to ploughmen (East Oudh and Benares)
HARA, H. (]y's) A branch of the Chouhan Rajputs, after
whom the province of IIdrdutt, including the principalities
of Kota and Bundi, is named.
HARA, H. (JP, हरित् ) Green, fresh, vegetable.
JHardi, H (.sy*) Greenness, verdure.
IIarkat, Harkut, H. (c5-9e) Cutting rice while it is
green and unripe (Rohilkhand) (from hard, green, and
katnd, to cut).
HARADA, Karn- (&०ॐ6) A large dealer, a wholesale or
maritime merchant; a lender.
 HAR. HAR

-Haradaoattije, Karn. (*४ं) Merchamdise : lend HARANBARf, Ben. (श्त्रंशदi७ि) A gaol, a house of confine
ing and borrowing. ment for criminals.

HARADARI, Karn. ( &०ॐंऽ०b) A measure of extent, con HARAT, vernacular corruption of ARHAT, ५. w., H. (G-2,*)
taining 2000 fathoms, or about two miles and a half, a A Persian water-wheel.

hos (Mysore), HARATKUL, H. (U*५-9*, probably for BHARAT-KUL, of

HARAoALU, or HARAG6LU, Karn. (ॐ ँKeo, &०&7ं/०९eo) the race of Bharata) A branch of the Gaur Brahmans.
A ferry-boat, a circular boat made of bambus, and covered HARAvA, or HARUvA, Karn. (व्ठँ, व्ठळॐ93) A Brah
with leather, used for crossing rivers in Kanara. man ः (a term especially used by the Lingāyats),
-Haragalu-kada, Karn. (०&xecॐ) The place of a ferry. HARAwAL, corruptly, HARoL and HARREwAL, H. (Turk.
-Haragol-gutti, Karn. (४०67/००%8.) A tax on ferry J)*) The advanced guard of an army, the officer com
boats (Mysore). manding itः a police-officer in a town or village appears
HARAGE, Karn. (ॐॐ7*) Partnership. to be sometimes, though not very accurately, so termed.
HARAJ, HURUJ, H. (A. दः9ं) Tumult, disturbance, riot. HARBI, H. (A. ५.*५-ः from ५+2-, war, battle) Martial, va
-Haraj-maraj, H. (ट्”~ह्)*) Confusion. liant ः in law, an infidel not subject to Mohammadan rule,
HARAJ, H. (A. श्ट]*) Auction, outcry : public proposals for although at peace, Such a person being an incessant ob
the farming of the revenues of sundry willages for a short tect of hostilities.

term of years (?). HARBoso KA RAJ, H. (a) ४e-899) Civil disorders, mal
HARAI.B-PATTADr, Karn. (४०ॐ:ं०, from Haralu, the administration ः lit., the rule of Harbong, a Raja so named,
castor-oil seed) A commutation taxpaid by dealers in lamp said to have ruled at a place opposite to 4llahabad, on
oil, in consideration of exemption from the visits of the the bank of the Ganges, thence termed Harbong-pur, and
officers of the Sair revenue (Mysore). of whose silliness and unfitness for gowernment many tra
-Haralu-pattadi, Karn. (ॐseoं) Tax on oil-dealers : ditional anecdotes and proverbial phrases bear record
see the preceding. (Elliot). `.

HARAM, HURUM, H. (A. p)-) Sacred, forbidden, closed to HARDA, H. (le,०) Mildew, smut in corn.
promiscuous access; hence applied to a female connexion HARDAUR, HURDOUnt, H. 99*) A name given to oblong
or relative; also to the private or women's apartments, the mounds raised in willages in Upper India, and studded
Harem of European writers; also to the sacred circuit with flags to avert epidemic diseases, and especially cho
round the temple at Mecca. lera ; so named in honour of Hardaul Jºdld, a Bundel
-Hardm, IIuram, H. &c. (A. r)-) Unlawful, forbidden ; khand chief, who, the natives of Hindustan beliewe, visited
applied to all things or acts which the law disallows or the camp of Lord Hastings with cholera, in punishment
condemns, as prohibited food or beverage, improper actions; of the profanation committed by the Europeans in having
wicked, wicious ; sacred. once slaughtered cows in the grove where Hardaul's ashes
-Hardm2dda, H. (A. ४ol; ),-) Base-born ; a bastard, but repose.
used as a term of abuse generally, a scoundrel, a rascal. HARDEHA, H. (५:ex) A tribe of the Kachchis.
JHarfm, H. (A. *ं)-) Prohibited, sacred; a sacred place HARDUAs, HURDooAS, H. (U~''9P)
A class of Rājputs, of
or Sanctuary ; the inner apartments, or their female in whom a few are settled in AZimgerh and Gorakhpur
habitants ; the enclosure of the temple of Mecca. HARI, S., but adopted in all dialects, (हरिः) A name of
JTurmat, H. (A. ५~~9-) Character, reputation, honour ; Wishnu.
the seclusion of a woman of respectability ; any thing held HARf, Ben. (छ्iजि) A servant of the lowest class, a sweeper,
sacred or forbidden. (from S. Hadda, a bone)ः also Haddaka or Harraka, and
#urnat-musdharat, A. (ं,sua० ५--~9-) In law, the pro IIadika, IIarika; formerly employed also as willage watch
hibition of marriage with different women on account of man.-Ben. Reg. xxii. 1798, s. l9. (In the Glossary of
their mutual affinity. the āth Report we have Harees, derived from the A. 774rts,

HARAMPATTUTA, Tel. (०*४०ं) Gathering ears of a defender, and explained, a petty officer of police, a guard,
0=0"_ a sentinel; but the original word is IIdrees, plural of
200
 HAR
-Haree, not Harees in the singular, as, "All pykes, cho
kidars, nigahbans, Harees, and other descriptions of wil
lage watchmen.”-Fifth Rep. p. 6l4).
HARI, (?) A third crop; one of the poorer grains raised in
the hot weather between the spring and autumn crops.
HARIA, (?) Land granted to the relations of persons killed
in an affray between two villages, by the authorities of
that willage by whose members the homicide had been per
petrated ; or similar land rent-free granted to the families
of Bhāts who had destroyed themselves on the violation
of engagements for which they had been sureties.
HARIGd LU, Tel. (ंG-०ex *e७) A basket boat, such as is
used on the rivers of the Dakhin.
HARISA, A. (4-2,७-) One of the ten kinds of wounds for
which compensation is claimable, a slight scratch, such
as not to draw blood.
HARKAR, Hindi (हरकण) A pen for cattle (Puraniya).
HARRAT, H. &c. (A. ५-*0-) Mowement, motion, agitation, ।
especially of an objectionable kind, as opposition, hin- ।
drance, interruption, starting difficulties, giving trouble.
HARKi, Mar. (हरकी, from S. Harsha, pronounced some
times Harkha, joy) Money given by a successful litigant
to the Court, in tokem of his gratitude : money paid to ।
one who has brought back a lost article, or presented to
the family and dependants on any occasion of rejoicing.
Harkā-picdha, corruptly, Urhee-ngindha, Mar. (S. हरकी HASHIM, H. &c. (A. ~, हशाम) Train, retinue, followers
विवाह) Presents claimed at marriages by the principal
Brāhmans.
HAsALE, corruptly, in the plural, HUSSULLEERo, Karn. ।
( ॐॐं) One of the supposed aboriginal tribes of Mysore,
found in the hill districts of Nagar ; properly woodmen, |
but serwing as agricultural labourers.
HASARANf, Karn. (००णव्ंं?) A tax levied in Mysore on
betel-leaf, plaintain-leaf and other vegetable leaves.
-77dsaraudi/6, Karn. (व्ठऴ७&ंशब्द्दै) A tax lewied from the
peasants, in commutation of supplies ofgreen leaves which
they were formerly obliged to furnish to the government
officers.
HAsARU, Karn. (०्ॐॐ०) Green, fresh, standing corn or
pasturage : also HASURU.
HAsB, H. (A. ५--~~~) According to ; used chiefly in form
ing compounds, as,
7Tasb-al-hdsil, or -hdsili, H. (c~~''~~~~) According
to the produce ; land paying revenue according to the kind
and value of the crops.
201
_ HAS
JHash-ul-hukm, WWusb-ool-hookm, corruptly, ITomusbulhoohum,
H. (,ं=" ५--~५-) According to command. The initial
words, and thence the title, of a document issued agree
ably to royal authority, by the WaZir or other high officer
of the government.
Jash--2abita, H. (*a'-3५-~~-) According to law, ac
cording to practice.
Jasb-al-ir:, A. (५*-*9} ५--~५-) According to inheritance,
the division of an estate according to the Mohammadan
laws of inheritance.
Jlasb-ul-prasitl, or -moasitli, H. (J;~9" ५--~~~-) lit., Ae
cording to collections or receipts; a term formerly used
in revenue accounts to designate items of an uncertain
| value, of which no estimate can be computed, and which
are entered only after their actual receipt : applied also
| formerly to small willages in the Monghir district paying
- revenue direct to gowernment.-Fifth Rep. 240.
J7asb-ul-n'asttl-ā-marocha, corrupted to Husbulmooosoolee
marocha, H. (A. **-9० J;-29l५--~~-) lit., Agreeably
to customary (?) realiZations : an item of revenue in the
early Bengal accounts, lewied especially in IDinajpur and
Rangpur, being an estimated amount of receipts from fees
on marriages. (The word marocha, also met with as ma
rumcha, is of doubtful accuracy ; it may be a corruption
of muricaja, *-9x०, customary).
of a person of rank.
-Hashm-nacis, or -nis, or -pharnis, or -pharmaris, Mar.
(हशमनवीस, -नीस् , हशामफडनीस, फडनवीस) A public of
ficer under the Peshwa's government, who kept a muster
roll of the ordinary train of retainers attached to different
chiefs, of the garrisons, of the forts, and the irregular
| militia.
HASHIA-GAwAH, H. (s),; -A4्'-) A witness to the execution
of a deed (writing his name on the hdshia or margin).
HASHIMA, A. (AA4.७०) A fracture of the skull, inflicted by
violence, and reguiring legal compensation.
। HASHO-MINHAi,erroneously, HAsHM-MINHAI, H. (.s५*०*-)
IDeductions from the total revenue entered on the credit
side of the account with government. The term is there
fore applied to rent-free and other assigned lands, also to
rent-free lands exempted from resumption ः (from the A.
*=-, deduction on the credit side of an account). See
J9airis and Min-ha, ५० ७re " * from it,’ with ८.s added to
form a substantive.
{B F
 HAS
Hasho-nag/ं, H. (e3x *-) IDeduction from the total re
venue credited in the government account.
HAsIA, or HANSIA, H. (५.०, ५…P) A reaping-hook.
HA8IKE, or -GE, Karn. (४०%ठै, -7रं) Actual measurement
of the crop after it is threshed, and before its partition be
tween the tenant and landlord.
HAsrL, H. and most dialects, (A. O-०५-) HAsiL, HA5fL, or
HAsit, Mar. (हशील, हाशील, or हासील) HAsALU, Tel.
Karn. ( 3G-ॐeo) Produce, profit, especially, as a revenue
term, the amount derived from the government Share of
the produce of the soil, and from any other source of
taxation, or impost ; revenue, tax, duty.
-Hasila, H. (Al.८७-) Cultivated or cropped land (Chittagong).
J74silat, Uriya. (६॥ंी1R६) Assessed lands.
Hasil-i-b42dr, or Hisil-b424ri, H. ()}५c}~'-,५.9}५c)~'-)
Market dues, revenue from duties on markets.
Jasil-dgftar, H. (Ajo d)-०-) Tax office, custom-house,
custom or rewenue account.
II4xil-khal4-{, Ben. (श्ोजिन्नर्थiलीजी) Produce of salt works,
an item in the public accounts, the profit derived from
the duty and the original ground-rent of the land on which
the works are erected.
Itasil-i-namah, H., in Ben,Mar., &c., nimal,(cº-**Go-०-)
IDuty or profit or revenue derived from salt.
Hasil-2amin, H. (P. ७*9) Land in cultivation and pay
॥ng revenue.
IIdsil-ā-haldm, H. (A"$d) ०५-, from the A. "ं, speech)
Briefly, shortly, lit., the produce or pith of speech.
HASTA, S. but used also in various dialects, as well as the
vernacular form, HAT, or HATH, g. w. (हस्त) The hand,
a cubit from the elbow to the tip of the midle finger.
Jlastakshar, Mar. (S. हस्त, the hand, and चषपं, a letter)
Sign-manual, handwriting.
Hastantaraharan, IBen. (श्डोखद्भदश्लºl, from S. हस्त, hand,
षन्तर:, different, and करण, making) Transfer of property,
handing over any thing to another.
Hastdntara-karap-patra, IBen. (श्डीखङ्गदश्त्र११ञ्च) Adeed of
transfer.
JTastakadi, (४०:ॐ.$०) Money in hand, ready money.
/Wasteia, Mar. (हस्तं) By, from, or into the hand of ; as
money paid by, or to, or through the hand of, any one.
IIAST-0-BUD, HUST-o-BOOD, also sometimes vernacularly, but
incorrectly ,HASTABU D, H.(P. ce-०५s,is, and *, was, with
the conjunctive 9 ) ** x e-०५:०) A comparative account,
shewing the present and past produce of an estate : an
*202
HAT
examination of the assets or resources of a country, made
before the harvest, and sometimes after measurement ofthe
lands : a detailed statement of any lands yielding revenue :
the rent roll of a village signed yearly by the Patwart :
the common form is an abstract of each Ryot's account,
specifying his tenure, the amount of revenue payable by
him, the guantity of land in or out of cultivation, and the
amount of rewenue realiZed or in arrear.
-Hast-0-badi, H. (.४ex: 9 ५-~.o) Designation ofland which
has been assessed on the basis of a comparative valuation
of its produce.
Hast-o-badjand, H. (Kº- e}: ; c“~~s) An accountshew
ing the total amount of rewenue under all heads of assess
ment to which any estate is liable.
Jastn4-bad, H. (ex t; ce-०५:०) A remission of rewenue
granted to Zamindars for the portion of land failing in
produce (what is not as it was).
HASUGE, Karn. (&०Ko7 ) Dividing, sharing, as corn, &c.
HAT, Ben.Mar. (शउ, हात) HATH, or HATH,or HUTH, H. (-ās,
-ās) The hand, a cubit measured from the elbow to the
tip of the middle finger, l8 inches ; or, according to some
statements, l9ं ः for timber, in Puraniya it was 22. (In
Mar. it occurs also with the short wowel IIat, IIut.
.Hatber:, Mar.(हातबेडी) Handcuff, manacle.
Hatchenchar, Ben. (श्ोज८ात्र*प्रज) A man who has money
in hand but will not pay his debts.
7iath-chitthi, H. (.े--ās, Mar. हातचिट्ठी) A letter
or note written or avouched (by the hand of) : a letter
from a person of rank or station, either in his own
hand, or signed by him, not bearing his seal only : a printed
form given to the head of a willage in the opium districts
by the deputy collector, Specifying the persons who engage
to grow the poppy, and the conditions of the agreement.
Hater, Mar. (हातेर) Gratuitous labour which the Ryots of
a village are bound to render in the fields to the Pittfl,
revenue farmer, or other public officer.
JHatheli, H. (JA4ं७०) The palm of the hand.
Hathiydr, H.O9५***, from -4ia) Hatiydr, Ben. (उिपोत्र)
A tool, an implement, arms, apparatus.
IIdthjornd, H. (U9--Gus) IIdtjord, Ben. (श्ोज८षीङ्गतः)
Joining the hands together, an attitude of supplica
tion or humility ; hence also, supplication, entreaty, re
werence.
IIdt.jdmin{, Mar. (हातजामिनी) Security taken by the hand,
an engagement taken, atfirst implying general responsibility,
 HAT
which becomes woid upon the completion of more regular
formalities.
Hat-kardt, Ben. (शउक्ष्ट्वiउ) A handsaw.
Hat-k4r{, Ben. (शउशिजैी) Hathkari, Hindi (ह्यकडी) A
handcuff
Jathathi, Ben. (शउशर्छि) A stick a cubit long, for mea
suring with•
JHathhdipani, Mar. (हातखावणी) A small vegetable scraper,
one that may be held in the hand.
JIditl-karadu, H., Karn. (?) A rough daily account of re
ceipts and disbursements, an off-hand account.
.Hath-pher, H. 9**: -ās) Changing money by sleight of
hand, changing good money for bad.
-7Idto, Gu2. (८uदीt) The hand given to one with whom a
bargain is being made under a cloth, so that the terms
may be settled by the fingers of the parties unperceived
by others.
JHIathord, H. (D%ās) A sledge hammer : IIathori, H.
( J*) A small hammer.
-Hditargdr4, Mar. (हातरगाडा) A small sugar-mill, one that
may be worked by hand.
Hatrumal, Mar. (हातरूमाल, lit., a handkerchief) A small
bag or budget of papers, accounts, &c.
JIdt-usnd, Mar. (हातञ्वसणा) Lent without any acknow
ledgment (money), lent on hand, and for prompt payment.
HAT, or HATH, corruptly HAUT, H. &c. (e-ºls, -āts, or हाट,
हाठ, S. HATTA, हट्ट) A market, a moweable market, one
held only on certain days in a week, a fair.
-IIdtario, Gu2. (८u2{\vat) A banker, a shopkeeper.
Jat- or IWatta-chor, Ben. (शंघ्रे-, शेटघ्त्रोत्र) A thief who
steals in markets or fairs.
IId!-hd-chuthi, Hindi (हाटकाबुटकी) A small portion of HAUDA, or HAUDAJ, H. (A. sox, ह:e;P)
each article brought to market taken by the renter of a
willage where the market is held, or of the market itselfः
an item in the willage accounts to shew the value of what
has been taken in the year.
-Hat-tail, Hindi (इढताल) Shutting up or closing all the
shops of a market as a passive resistance to exaction.
Hattā, Hindi (हट्टी) A petty market or fair.
Hatti, Hindi (हाट्) A market-man.
_Ha{ngd, H. (';॰, हटवा) A man employed as a weighman
and measurer at markets.
HATA, H. (Ale'-) An inclosure, a court-yard, a compound,
(corruption of the Arabic Ihd4a, Ale७~', an inclosure).
HATHicHAk, H. (*+. ंb) Name of a grass which grows
20.}
HAW
about a foot high, and is used as fodder : a wernacular re
presentation of the English word artichoke.
HATHILE, HUTHEELE, H. (J4ंs) A reputed saint, one of
five held in veneration by the lower orders in the north
west provinces ः he is buried at Barech.
HATTA, HUTTA, H. (ऐं॰) A large wooden showel or spoon
used for throwing water into fields from adueducts.
HAgrALU, Tel. (ंणांश” 99) A slave by birth.
HATTr, Karn. (०9. Cotton in an undressed state.
JHattā-hane, Karn. ( ॐ3.९ठैं) A cotton mill for clear
ing it from the seeds, _
tada-latti, Karn. (प्रछॐॐ9.) Wild cotton.
JKare/hatti, Karn. (ॐठै॰०3.) Black cotton plant produ
cing very fine white cotton.
JHatti-cari, Karn. (०9.3e) A tax on cotton formerly
levied in kind, since commuted for a money tax.
Jlatti-sunka, Karn. (०9.ॐ००6) A tax on cotton growers
lewied when the produce is sold.
HArri, HUTrEE, Mar. (हक्री, S. हस्ती) HATHI, H. (.Afis)
An elephant.
Jaithā-khdina, H. (Aj७- _ंus) An elephant stable.
47athihangdm, H. ( K'ं-.**) Remission for losses from
depredations by wild elephantsः (from J[Wathi, an elephant).
(Karnata).
ITatti-mahal, Mar. (हत्तीमहल) An elephant stall or stable,
a place where he is kept.
HATrf, HUTTEE, Karn. (ॐ ं) A fold for kine, a cowpen,
the residence of herdsmen, a temporary station ofshepherds
or graZiers : it is also applied to a village or cluster of
huts among the Bhils of Kandesh.
HATwA,S.&c.(हत्या) Killing, murder: personalinjuryor wiolence.
A litter carried
by a camel or elephant, in which females are conveyed.
The former word Hauda, commonly written Homodah, is,
in Hindustan, most usually applied to a kind of chair or
open seat on an elephant.
HAULAN-HAUL, A. (J9-J}}-) Property of which the pro
prietor has been in possession for a year, and which then
becomes liable to the payment of 2ikat ः (from J;~, Or
J'-, lasted a year), In some parts of the Dakhin, pay
ment of revenue by the Ryots by an order on the willage
grain-seller who has purchased their crops in advance,
Subject to the share of assessment due upon them.
HAULI, H. (.AP) A liguor-shop.
HAwALA, corruptly, HowALI.A, H. &c. (All9-, ह्वाला) Charge,
 HAW
care, custody, trust ; consignment of any property, duty,
or liability, to a trustworthy person ; charge to pay on ac
count of transfer of a debt or liability ; security, or goods
lodged for security ः assignment for payments. A de
scription of tenure in Eastern Bengal, an intermediate
holding of a part of an estate, or of a farm under a Za
mindar or Talukdar, to whom a stipulated portion of the
rents collected from the Ryots is paid. A farm. It is
said also to be applicable to a portion of an estate pur
chased, and therefore transferable and hereditary, the go
vernment dues being payable through the landlord ; but
in case of a dispute with the latter the purchaser of the
farm may make his payments through another Talukdar.
Taylor’s Dacca, I55. Minor divisions of these holdings
are known by the name of Wim-handilas, half farms. In
the Maratha country, an order or draft for money drawn
by a Ryot on the banker or grain-dealer to whom he has
sold his crop, or entrusted it for Sale.
-Hamudladdr, or Handlddr, corrupted to Hauild6r, H.
&c. (9le.d'9-, )loub-, हवालदार) One holding any office
or trust. In the east of Bengal, a sub-renter, the occu
pant of a Hawala ः a steward or agent for the management
of a village : a mative officer of the Indian army, subor
dinate to the Subahdar. Amongst the Marathas the term
was variously applied, but in all it conveyed the notion
of trust, deputation, or delegated authority ; as, the chief
of a company of guards, guides, or messengers ; a prin
cipal officer in a fort under the commandant, whose duty
it was to appoint the guards, patrols, &c. : sometimes, also,
the commandant himself: a subordinate revenue officer,
a kind ofdeputy of the Mamlatdār, who was charged with
the collection and remittance of the rewenue of the district,
and empowered to administer justice in petty complaints ः
an assistant of the Patil, or head of the village, in the |
collection of the revenue, and in police matters. In the
Dakhin, and also at one time apparently in Hindustan, an
officer appointed by the government, or the farmer of the
revenue, to prewent any abstraction of the crop, or its re
moval from the public threshing-floor, until the revenue
was paid.
-Handlddri, corruptly, Hamrildarr/, H. (.9'A';-) The
office or tenure of a Hawalditr ; also applied to a charge
made to the willages for the expense of subordinate revenue
officers sent to watch or to attach the crops.
47arcal4t, or, more accurately, IIaildit, corruptly, JHon’
204
HAZ
l4r, the vernacular form of JHamudla, Ben. (छ्खैलीं,)
A thing given in trust, a loan for a short time, money
advanced or deposited in another’s hands. In treasury ac
counts, inefficient balances, or debts, or dependencies, un
, audited advances.
Handlat, H. (A. āl9-) Trust, charge, transfer, change. In
law, the transfer of a debt from the original debtor to one
who becomes responsible for it to the creditor.
J74moalhdit, Hindi (हावलहाट, probable vernacular error for
Handlat) Balance of the village cash account in the
Patwari's hands (Puraniya)
HAwALI, H. (A. ७'*-) Environs, parts adjacent, round
about.
Handlishahar, H. O' ं J";~) The suburbs or environs
of a city.
। IIanili, or ITacili, or Haicali, corruptly, JHacelli, or Ho
myalie, H. (A. ८s''~ः from the same root as Harcali, J'-,
or d),-, whence Harcal, a circle, a circuit) IWacili, cor
ruptly, IIacelie, Tel. (ंGं२ं)) A house, a habitation.
The tractofcountry adjacent to a capital town, andoriginally
annexed to it for the supply of the public establishments :
it afterwards came to signify, in the Madras provinces,
government lands, lands held klids, or under direct govern
ment management. In Bengal the term was applied to the
reverse, or lands held by a Zamindār for his own benefit
-Hancili-graimamalu, Tel. (plur. ंGoंS&) ए'्ष्9ंoँooeo)
Willages formerly retained under the management of the
officers of the Nawab of the Carnatic.
HAWAGAIDA, Karn. (ञ्)०ंOKॐ) A ford, a place where a
river may be forded.
HAwoBANS, HvoBUNS, H. (S. C~५}:s) A tribe of Rajputs
in the province of Benares, once a dominant race on the
banks of the Narmadd, where JMahesicarः was founded
by Sahasrdrjuna, a Raja who makes a great figure in
| Hindu legendary tradition. The proper name of the tribe
is Haihaya, S. (हैहय:).
HAZANAT, incorrectly, HiZANAT, A. (ंU4-) The care and
bringing up of infant children according to the provisions
* of Mohammadan law.
HAZARI, H. (P. from D}*. a thousand) A commander of a
thousand, either actually or nominally ; in which latter
case it was an honorary military title at the Court of the
Mogul, borne by civil as well as military functionaries.
.Haediridn, H. (plur. of ॰9'P) Regiments of one thousand
men each employed in the northern Circars.
 HAZ
HAZIR, H. (A. P3-) In the Hindu dialects.j as usual is
substituted for 2, as, HAJIR, Ben. (शीजिङ्ग) HAJf R, Mar.
(हाजीरं) the i is also sometimes changed to a, as, HAJARU,
Tel. (ंणsa3ॐ०) Present, forthcoming, in attendance, ready.
The actual state of any thing, an account shewing the
assets of an estate, or tract of country. _ .Hitsur, Hoo2oor, less correctly, IIa*itr, Hu*oor, H. &c. (A.
Ghair-hdgir H. (A. 2je)**) Absent, not present.
Jagir-0-ndgir, H. 9-4b 9x3-) Present and seeing.
JIdgirdt, H. (A. ५-')-3-) lit., Presences ; but applied in
Hindustan to a magical rite by which absent or invisible
things or persons are supposed to be made visible to a
young boy or girl, who are directed to look in the flame
of a lamp, in a looking-glass, in a dish of water, or on
certain magic sguares, &c.
JIdgir-bdshi, H. (P. ७*५, being) Regular or constant
attendance.
JI4jir-begdr{, Mar. (हाजीर् वेगाग्री) A pressed porter, but
one who carries his load only to the first village on the
road, where he is reliewed ; in opposition to one pressed
for the whole of any given distance.
IIdgirं, corruptly, II42rं, vernacularly, II4jarā or IIdjir{,
H. (.39-4-, हाजर्सी) Presence : a muster-roll ः an indi
widual resident or present in a willage. Breakfastः an offer
ing ofabreakfast, or of food, to certain Mohammadan saints,
which, after being so consecrated, is distributed among
their wotaries or the poor.
J74jir4-bahi, IBen. (शञ्जिीदश्)ि A muster-roll, a list of
persons who should be in attendance.
-HIdjiri-nau-dbad, Hindi (P. *, new, and e५', cultivation)
A resident cultivator who takes up new land for the first
year (Puraniya).
774jir{-8abeh, Hindi (हजिरीशावेक, from the A. J:५०, past)
A resident cultivator who has held lands more than one year.
IWatjir-mās, Mar. (हाजीरनीस) The muster master of the
troops and establishments, one who keeps a register or
roll of the troops and militia in attendance, and furnishes
abstracts to the superior authorities. In Ben. IIdjirina
rris (शञ्जितीनदीज) means any one who keeps a list of
any persons in attendance engaged on any duty.
Hagir-3dmin, H. (J०५-34-) IIdjir.jdmin, Mar. (हाजीर
जामीन्) Hajir.jdmin, Ben. (ंशञ्जितञ्जiभिन्ा) Asurety for the
personal appearance of any one when reduired to attend.
7figir-34mini, or H4jir.jdmini, H. &c. (.,०'-34-) Se
curity, whether personal or pecuniary, for the appearance
of a person charged with any debt or offence.
205
HUZ
.IIdjir.j/imin-ddr, Karn. (व्ठळaॐaउळ२०७८२०ॐ) A ।surety
or bail for a personal appearance.
IIagrat, H. (A. ५-94-) Presence, dignity. A title given
to a prince or person of rank, eguivalent to Wour Majesty,
Wour Highness, Wour Excellency.
2;4-) IIajair, Mar. (हुजूरं) Hujdru, Tel. (ंGप्oeउप८७)
The presence, the royal presence, the presence of a su
perior authority, as of a judge or collector of revenue, and,
by metonymy, the person of the prince or functionary ; also
the place where he presides, the hall of audience, the court ;
also abstractly, the state, the government.
Hugar, H. (A. plur of) 4-) Attendants on the court.
Jujrd, Mar. (हुजरा) An attendant at court, a confidential
servant, sometimes appointed to villages as a check upon
the Pattfl.
JHujardit, Mar. (हुजरात) Troops under the immediate orders
of the state, royal guards, peons attached to the station
of the chief functionaries.
-Hujaryd, Mar. (हुजन्या) A personal attendant, an attendant
On Court.
Jagdr-bald, H. (P. }५, above) The high or exalted pre
sence, title of superior authority.
JTugifri, H. (.9x*-) Relating to the chief authority, to
the local or general government, as an attendant on the
court, &c. Under the Mohammadan government the term
was sometimes applied to such lands as paid revenue to
the Diwan, or financial representative of the government,
in opposition to the NiZāmat lands, which paid revenue
to the NāZim, or wiceroy. Under the British authority it
applies to lands or cultivators paying revenue direct to
the chief collector, not through a mative collector or land
holder.
Jagdri-mail-jugdr, H. (from P. 29* J'~; a payer of re
venue) A landholder or temant paying revenue direct to
gowernment.
Jagdri-ndlish, H. (P. Uं"G) A complaint preferred di
rect to the supreme authority.
Jug4ri-tdiluk, H. (G' ं, a dependence, an estate) A ger
tain district called a Taluh, paying rewenue direct to go
vernment, nsually known as an independent Tiluk, that
which is not held of any other proprietor or revenue payer.
FTugt;r-mahdl, H. (from J~*) Estates paying revenue
direct to government.
Higjitr-mdimld, Mar. (हुजूर् मामला, from the A. & ८५-3) The
8 G
 HUZ
authority and.jurisdiction of the state reserved over an estate
or district, of which the revenues have been given in grant.
Hu2tir-nacts, H. (from P. U~५*, a writer) A secretary
of state, one who registers all royal or wiceregal grants and
orders.
Jujar-pdād, Mar. (हुजूपागा) A body of horse under the
immediate keeping and command of the state, the household
troops.
JTujuir-samadi, Mar. (हुजूर् सनदी) Held under a grant or
diploma from the gowernment, lands &c.
-Hugatr-talisil, H. (A. 94~～', collection of revenue) Col
lection of revenue by the chief fiscal officer of the gowern
ment, without the intervention of a third party. In the
early days of British authority the term was applied to
land paying revenue to the chief authority in a province,
as distinguished from those paying it to the head of a Zil
la, or Subdivision of a prowince or collectorate, thence termed
Tahsil-2ild.
-Hugir-talsil-i-dgftar, H. (Aso, a register) An office in
Calcutta before the permanent settlement, in which rewe
nues paid direct to government were received.
Hujir-ndr-sdsam, Mar. (from S. शासन, an order) A pen
sion or anmuity formerly paid direct from the Peshwa's
treasury.
Jugir-gild, H. (A. 4.3) The districts which paid their reve
nues direct to the general treasury at Murshedabad in
the early period of the British authority in Bengal.
HAZL, H. (A. JP) lit., Jesting, applied in Mohammadan law
to a contract publicly executed, as ifoffull force and validity,
but which the parties are secretly engaged shall be of no
effect : if afterwards one of them pretend that the trans
action was bond.fide, the assertion of the other to the con
trary anmuls the engagement.
HEBBARA, or HEBBARUwA, Karn. (&ges, &ंशुव्&०३)
A chief, a superior, the head man of the willage.
Hebbdruoaru, Karn. (ंरब्॰२००) A class of Brfth
mans in Mysore.
HECHCHU, Tel. Karn. (ब्णं.y) Increase, excess, Supe
riority, increase of rent or taxes.
JHechchike, Karn. (&०a#ayठै) Increase, excess, any thing
increased.
JHeclukatla, Karn. (&०aं,) Extraordinary taxes.
HEGALANE, Karn. (&०xe)ं) A coparcener.
HEGGApE, Karm. (&ं3) The head man of a town or wil
lage, but especialy applied to one of the Jain religion. It
200
HEW
is also used by certain castes as an affix to proper names,
to intimate respectability, corresponding with Sahib, or
Mffin, in Hindustan. _
karaa-nanada Karn (*9॰०ॐ&3) A head orchief
among shepherds.
HEJf B, Mar. (?) Adeputy or agent appointed by the hereditary
officers of the Maratha government to act for them.
HEL, or HELA, Mar., GuZ. (हेल) The business of carrying
loads ; also the burthen, or the cost of conveyance.
JWelkarं, Mar. (हेलकर्णी) A porter, a carrier of loads.
IWelpati, Mar. (हेलपाटी) A porter, a hired labourer (from
carrying a basket, pati, on his head.)
HELA, H. (}.P) A man of a low caste, an inferior division
of the Bhangis, engaged in the lowest menial offices. The
Helas pride themselves on eating the leavings of Hindus
only.
HEI.E, H. ( JA:P) A subdivision of the Jat tribe.
HELLAwAR, Karn. (&०gयग्व्ॐ) Lame beggars.
HEMANTA, S., but used in most dialects, (हेमन्त:) The cold
season, the months of Agrahāyana and Pausha-Nowember
IDecember.
-Hemalamba, S. &c. (हेमलंब) The thirty-first year of the
cycle ; also Karn. H6malambi.
HENDA, Karn. (C००ॐ) Spirituous liguor, tdrt, the fer
mented sap of diferent kinds of the palm.
HENGA, H. (UC५:०) A harrow.
HENNUBAI.U, Karn. (ॐ००६२०८ऽव्%०, from Hemanu, a woman)
A woman's property or estate.
HER, or HED, Mar. (हेड) A drove of cattle, a flock of sheep,
a troop of horses, and the like, as taken about for sale.
-Her/d, IWed/d, (हेझा) A drover or cattle-dealer.
HER, Mar. (हेर्) A spy or scout.
HERi, HEREE, H. (.3AP) A tribe of Mohammadan Rajputs,
chiefly found in Jaspur, a Pargama of Moradabad.
HETA, Uriya (G६६)l) Land granted for service.
HETKARi, Mar. (हेटकरी, from हेट, hd/, signifying down, as
applied to country, down the coast, to the south) A native
of the country southwards from the Sdoitri river : a native
of the southern Konkam serving in the Maratha infantry.
HETU, vernacularly, HET, S. &c. (हेतुः) Cause, motive, reason,
origin.
HEw, more correctly HINw, Mar. (हेव, fर्हव, S. हेम) Cold,
also crops that have suffered from frost.
। IIercaild, more correctly, Jliaycala, Mar. (हेवाव्ठा, हिंवाळा,
from S. fहम, cold, and काल, time) The cold season.
 HEW
Hemat.jamim, Mar. (?) ILand ploughed up during the cold
season, and left to lie fallow during the rains ; also ap
plied in the hill country to land brought into cultivation
after having been left uncultivated for some years.
HIBA, or HIBAT, incorrectly, HIBBA, H. (A. As) A gift.
In law, a perfect gift, one accompanied by delivery and
acceptance. A gift on a death-bed is considered a be५uest.
-Hiba-bil-drca:, H. (c*५ AAP, from C3;e, return, ex
change) A mutual gift ; one for which a return or con
sideration is exchanged, as when a man gives his pro
perty to his wife in exchange for her claim of dower : it
is considered analogous to a Sale, and the transaction is
binding before actual possession of the stipulated return.
-Hiba-ba-shart-al-imoaं, H. (from A. B,ं, an agreement)
A gift with stipulation for a return, In law, a.gift on
promise or engagement to make a reguital, when the
transaction is not complete until the reciprocal condition
is fulfilled.
4fibaddr, H. (P.9le, whohas) The receiver ofagift, thedonee.
Jfibamushdd, A. (from 8५-२, undistributed) Gift of unde
fined or undivided property, which is not valid until the
property has been separated, and transferred to the donee.
-Hibandma, H. (A.०७५०) A deed of gift.
HIDAD, A. (elo~) Mourning. In law, the mourning of a
widow for her husband, total abstinence from the use of
ornaments, and of perfumes or unguents, except medicinally.
HIPZ, HIPAZAT, H. (A. ka3-, ५-9ं-) Preserving, protect
ing, guarding, taking care of
HIJ RA, H. (A. 9--) lit. Departure from one's country,
separation of friends or lowers ; whence it gives name to
the departure or flight of Mohammad from Mecca to Me
dina, which, in the Khalifat of Omar, was constituted the
commencement of the Mohammadan era : this event took
place on the night of Thursday the lāth of July, A. ID.
622. The usual era therefore reckons from the dawn of
the I6th of July. The Mohammadan year is strictly lu
nar, consisting of twelve months, each of which should
count from the actual wisibility of the new moon ; but chro
nologically the months are completed at 80 and 29 days
alternately, making the year consist of Bछे4 days ; but ele
• ven times in a cycle of thirty years one day is added to the
year, which makes the average length of the Mohammedan
lunar year 854ं days, or 8ंछ4d. Shrs. 48min., and the ave
rage length of the months 29d. 12hrs. 44min. The
intercalary years of the cycle are the 2d, छैth, 8th, l0th,
207 _
HIJ
13th, I0th, l9th, 2lst, 24th, 27th, and 20th. To ascertain
if any given year be an intercalary year, it is to be divided
by 30, when one of the specified numbers will be the re
mainder; thus, A. H. ll87 divided by B0=87, leaving 27,
and it will be therefore the 27th year of the cycle. The rule
given by Major Jervis, from Professor Carlysle, for finding
the corresponding years of the Hijra and the Christian era, is
only an approximation : " Multiply the centuries of the year
। by B, and add to the product for the years over the cen
tury as many times as it may be diwided by 8B, deduct
the total from the whole number, and add to the remainder
02I ;” thus, Reduired the year of our Lord correspond
ing to the year H. IB00 ; then l8 x 8=:90, to which add 2,
the guotient of 90 divided by :}}, making 4I; then l:90(}
4] = l8्छे + 02l =A. D. 1070.” That this is not correct
in cases where the number in excess of the centuries, is
a trifle less than B8, or a trifle more than any ofits mul
tiples is evident from a comparison with the standard tables ः
for instance, the year I'l32 should be, according to this
rule, A. D. l720, but it begins l4th November I719 accord
ing to the tables : so II98 should be 1784, but in the
table it begins 26th November l78:B. The result, how
ever, is near enough for general purposes, reduiring cor
rection only as to the period at which the year commences.
Another rule for the same is-Multiply the Hijra year by
97020B, cut off six decimals, add 022.54, and the sum
will be the year of the Christian era, and decimal of the
day following, in old style ; thus, A. H. l21छे x 07020:B=
II78.70004छ, leaving II78 + 022.54=1800.54. The
Hijra year commences on the 27th May; so that this again
is only an approximation. A more simple form, and one
which also shews the day on or about which the concurrence
of the Mohammadan and Christian year commences, is the
following : Multiply the Hijra year by 2.077, the diference
between l00 solar and as many lunar Mohammadan years ;
diwide the product by l00, and deduct the guotient from
the Hijra year ; add to the result 02l.छे{}} (the decimal
being the eduivalent of the lāth July, plus l2 days for
the change of the Kalendar) ; and the duotient will be the
Christian year from the date at which the Mohammadan
year begins ; thus, Hij. l200 x 2.977=87778, which di
vided by I00 = 87.778 and l200-87.778 = l281.222
+ 02l.छे00 = l892.70I, or to 9 months and lā days,
i. e. the lछेth of October, which is the commencement
of the Hij. year l200. The reverse formula for find
 HI.J HIN

ing the corresponding Hijra year to a given Christian eunuch, or of eduivocal malformation, considered as neither
year is thus laid down : Subtract 622 from the current male nor female, but usually wearing the garb ofa woman ;
year ; multiply the result by I.0807; cut off four de Suffered in some Maratha villages to claim grants of food
cimals, and add .4(; ; the sum will be the year, which, and small coin, and exacting the claim by offensive lan
when it has a surplus decimal, reguires the addition of I : guage and menaces, The class is held in great disgust
thus, 1852-622= I280; I2:B0 x 1.0807 = l267.7010+ by the Ryots who contribute to their support to escape
.46 = 1268.22; add therefore I, and we have the eguiva from their importunity and abuse. It is said to be a
lent Hijra year l269. Comparative tables of the Christian popular notion that the demands of the Hijrds are coun
and Mohammadan years are to be found in " L'Art de temanced by the government, on account of its levying
verifier les dates,” " Playfair’s Chronology,” " Prinsep's an impost upon them ; a notion of course wholly erroneous,
Useful Tables,” Calcutta, and " M'Cudden's Oriental Eras,” if it have any currency.
Bombay, I846 ; but they are not always guite correct. HI KRf, Hindi (हिकरी) Cultivated reeds, grown on low marshy
The months of the Mohammadan year, and the number of grounds.
days in each, are the following : HILA, Hindi (हिला) Mud, guagmire, moist ground trodden
I. JMuharram . . days 80,
__
soft by cattle.
2. Safar . . . . . . . . , 2:), HiLAH, H. &c. (A4-) HILLA, Mar. (हिज्ञा) Fraud, deceit.
8. ftabid-ul-arral . . . . . . ,॥ 80, pretence, a fraudulent or evasive pretext.
4. Rabid-us-8dnt . . . . . . , 2:), JHilldharkat, Mar. (हिज्ञाहरकत) Hillaharhatta, Karn.
छे. Jumddi-nal-amral . . . . . . ,, 30, (&०g०ॐ65५) A general term for tricks and devices,
6. Jumddi-us-8/tni . . . . . . ,, 2:), as, for evading payment of a debt, or performance of a
7. Itdjab . . . . . . . . , 30, service rightfully exacted.
8. Shdbdn . . . . . . . . ), 20, HIMALAwA, S. (हिमालयः) The range of snowy mountains
9. Ramagdn . . . . . . . , 80, bounding Hindustan to the north and north-west : (from
10. Sharcdl . . . . . . . . ,ं, 2:), -Hima, Snow, and dlaya, abode).
II. 2ilhdda, or Zidlidda . . . . ,ं, 80, JIWimad-dhdm, Ben. (हिप्पूान) Rice ripening in the cold
I2. Zilhijja, or 2alhijja . . . . ,• 29, season (Now.-Dec.).
except in the intercalary years, when this last month has HIMAIAT, corruptly, HEMAWET, H. (A. ५-४५-) Protection,
also B0 days. The Mohammadans in India commonly guardianship.
employ the Persian names of the days of the week, which HfNA, S. (हीन) in the dialects commonly II{n, H. (c*)
are, for the first five only, the numerals prefixed to the word IDevoid of, deficient, abandoned.
*
Shamba, "a day ;” or sometimes the Arabic names, which -Hind-jati, or Hin.jdti, S., Ben. (from जाति, caste) Of a
are similarly composed with Kaum, "a day,” and the nu low caste, or rather of no caste.
merals as far as five : the sixth and seventh have special -Hina-paksha, S. (from पश्च, a party) An orphan, a des
denominations ; as, titute person, one without friends or relations.
Sunday . Elº-shamba . Haum-ul-ahad, Hima-patra, S. (पच, a leaf) A deed of default: the title
Monday . Do-shamba . . . . - ul-iºnain, of the decision in a Suit in which a nonsuit is decreed.

Tuesday. Sch-shamba . . . . - tts-8al48a, JTin-rdsं, S. H. (from राशी, a heap) Seconds or soiled

Wednesday,Chahdr-shamba . .
Thursday Panj-shamba, or Juma-rdt - al-khamis,
Friday Jund,(the dayofassembly or prayer)- al.jumd,
Saturday. Shamba, or Hafta, (the 7th) - us-8abdt,
IWijri, H. (.9त्र*) Relating to the Hijra, or Mohammadan
era.
Hi.J :A, Mar. (हिजडा ) A hermaphrodite, a person either a
208
. - ul-arbdd, corn, from the lowest part of the heap.
IWina-cddi, S. Hin-bddi, IBen. (from वादिन्, who speaks)
A person who, in a court of law, abandons his original
ground of action, and asserts something different : a wit
(the Sabbath). ness who prevaricates and contradicts himself and whosc
testimony is therefore inadmissible.
IIinkas, Mar. (हिणकस) Alloyed or debased gold or silver :
made of debased metal, a trinket, &c.
 HIN
-Hinkaul, Mar. (?) An engagement for letting out land at
a reduction on the current or willage rates.
HINGARU, Karn. (&००7ज्धं9) Latter, as applied to rain
or to crops.
-Hing/dra-male, Karn. (&००7त्ळ४७ ँ० ं) Latter rain.
-Hingdra-pairu, Karn.(&००7ज्वरः। ॐ०ई०bंO) The latter crop.
HINJARA, Karn. ( &२०aउळ6) A cotton beater or dresser.
HINKKAI.U, Karn. (&०cं७) A small outlet for the passage
of water from one garden-bed to another.
HINSA, S. (fहंसा) Injury, especially personal, done to any
man or animal, violence, killing.
HIONTE, Hindi (fहस्रोनते) A rate in a lease for crops of rice
sown on low land in February, March, and April, when
sown for a single crop in the year (Puraniya).
HIPPALI, Karn. (॰39) Long pepper.
HIRA, Uriya (?ं२) Ridge or embankment round a field.
Hi RANA, HEERANA, H. (७],५:०) Manuring a field by penning |
a herd of cattle or flock of sheep in it for several hours.
HIRAN-KIn U RI, HIRUN-KHOOREE, H. (.9* ७)*) lit., Ante
lopes' hoof name of a creeping herb which grows in the
rainy Season.
THiranyagarbham, Mal. (opo6ं)००ई०) The ceremony
of being born of or passing through, a gold cow, performed
by the Raja of Trawancore : (from S. fहरण्य, gold, and
गर्भे, embryo).
HIRCHAL, Mar. (?) Dry land bordering on irrigated land.
HIREKoTTIGE-KANDAwAM, Karn. (&ं6००च्॰०)
A tax on cowhouses built outside the cottages of the cul
tivators.
HIRwA, Mar. (fहरवा) Green, raw, unripe, immature ; used
much as kachcha in Hindustani.
-Hirmpeg, Mar. (fहणेवं) Green herbage, tender fodder.
Hi RZ, A. (;,~) Custody, safe keeping of goods or valuablesः
it is of two kinds in law.
-7fir2-bil-hdfig, A. (०*ed५))-) Personal charge or keep
ing of any thing.
-IIir2-bil-mahain, A.(pt-al५)),~) Custody in place, as in
a house, a shop, a warehouse : furtive abduction of any
article so kept or deposed is punishable with the muti
lation of a hand.
HrsAB, corruptly, HISSAUB and HIssAwB, H. (५--*५.-)
changed vernacularly to HI:EB, Mar. (fह्शेव) HISSEBU,
Tel. (3णं3००) An account, a reckoning : arithmetic,
computation. _ tivator and the government, or according to the shares of
ITisdb-ā-kharch,corruptly, IIissamcb-korcha,H. (श्रुतः।)*-५-''~~-)
909
HIS
Account of disbursements, a particular revenue account,
also termed Akhiri-hisal-kharch, G. w.
JHisdb-nacis, H. (from P. U~**ः who writes) An ac
countant.
HISSA, H. (A. &ॐ~) HIsA, Mar. (fहसा) A share, a part,
a lot, a portion ; a share of revenue or rent.
JHis8addr, H. (from P. 9le, who has) Hiseddr, Mar.
(हिसेदाग्) Ashareholder, asharer, a coparcener, one whopays
his Share of the revenue either to a Zamindar or the state.
JMissaddr{, H. (from P. ८.४9le, having) Copartnership ; ap
plied especially to a village in which a mumber of sharers
have a joint proprietary right in the land.
FTi88a-hdikimi, H. (from A. /*'-• a ruler) The share of
the produce of the land or revenue to which the king or
the government is entitled ः a fourth or a sixth is the
proportion agreeably to the institutes of the Hindus ; a
third was nominally taken by the Mohammadan govern
ments, but the proportion was wery wariable ; a third was
” the prevailing rate adopted by the British government,
but in practice this is greatly modified, and the proportion
is the subject of special determination, according to pre
vious practice and the circumstances of the land.
JMissah-hdli, H. (J- &3--) A ploughman's share or
wages in kind, usually amounting, in the north-west pro
vinces, to about one-eighth of the produce.
ITissait, H. (c-०.५८-) A shareholder.
IIissa-liash{, or kushee, H. (L* &4-) Distribution and
apportionment of shares agreeably to hereditary succession.
77issa-ā-malih, H. (A. ८:Ju०, a master) The share of the
presumed owner or proprietor, his right to a part of the
produce, or an allowance in lieu of it : see Mdlikino.
The share of the government.
ITise-rdsi,or-si,Mar.(fहसेराशी, -सी) Makingout astatement
of the several shares or portions of a number of claimants.
JMissa-rasad, H. (o५) &3-) A proportionate share or part.
J/issa-?’diti, H. (_**9 &ॐ~) The proportion of the pro
duce assigned to the Ryot.
IWiss4jar, Bon. (?) Portions of land formerly allowed to be
held by the Zamindars of IDacca rent-free on condition of
personal service in the flotilla stationed on the Ganges to
guard against the incursions of the people of Arakan.
JMissa-frdrं, H. (.४9'; &3-) Applied to revenue settlements
founded on proportionate division, either between the cul
joint owners.
8 H
 HIT HOL

HiTHA, H. (' ंAs) A person appointed to take care of stand | Holejehattu, Karn. (&००र्र्}7 &ंC) Adam,an embankment
ing crops. HoLf, or HOLIRA, corruptly, HoOLy, H. &c. (.**,
होली ,
HITTALU, Karn. (&०ॐ,eo) A back yard. होलिका) A popular festival of the Hindus, the proper
IWittala-kanddyum, Karn. (&०6.०ठै००४०७०००) A tax on season of which is the ten days preceding the full moon
back yards (in Mysore). of Philgun, but it is usually observed only for the last
HI'''t', Karn. (&ं) Flour or meal of ground grain in three or four days terminating with the full moon. The
general. _ chief observances are sprinkling one another with red or
Hittubitti, Karn. (ं) Feeding government peons yellow powder, addressing passers-by with coarse jokes,
when passing through a town or village, and affording singing songs in praise of the juvenile Krishna, and light
gratuitous services to the government in the conveyance ing a bonfire, which is kept up to the close of the cere
of goods, &c. mony, when rude frolics are practised round the expiring
HIWAL,A. (plur.ofंl4-, fraud, deceit) Legal guirks or devices. embers. The IWolt is chiefly observed in Hindustan, but
HIWAZAT, A. (५-9५-) lit., Accumulation. In law, joint it answers to the Dola g/dtra, or swinging festival of Ben
acguisition by two or more persons of some article that gal, and is at the same period particularly celebrated by
has no owner. the cowherd and shepherd castes of Orissa, one class of
H?BALI, commonly, HOBLI, Karn. (ॐ~ ९०९?) A tract of the palankin-bearers of Calcutta. In Marathi the term
country or district comprising smaller Subdivisions. In means also the pile prepared for the bonfire.
Malabar it is applied to a smaller tract or Subdivision. Jol1-chā-poli, Mar. (होळठीचीपोळठी) The privilege amongst
In the Kanara province there were formerly but three the inhabitants of a village of first placing a cake (pdli)
Joblis-Mangalur, IBarhur, and IBhdjrradi. _ on the top of the pile which is kindled at the end of the
Jobali-shanabhoj, Karn. The district accountant. -77ola festival.

JTobali-ddr, Karm. A chief of armed peons. IToli-che-holhar, Mar. (plural होलीवेहोळकर्) lit., The
HOGE, Karn. ( &००7रं) Tobacco. people that dance and sport at the JWolं ; applied also to
IIoge-mapasar, Karn. (&००7े39६०००) A tax on Ryots, a crowd of disorderly fellows assembled on any occasion.
who formerly cultivated tobacco and chilis on corn lands, IIoLrvA, or HoLEyANr, Karn. (ॐ~e9०9, &०e ँ०ऽOऽC)
।subject to division of the crop : also termed IWo//o-soppa. A Pariah, an outcaste. WWoleyaru, corruptly, ITolleeroo or
II00e-soppina-pommu, Karn. (&००7 xं७७/०ं) -IWold्/er, (plural &०c ँ०७c४७) Pariahs, men of low _

Tobacco contract or monopoly. tribes employed in the lowest offices, and considered as
JI00e-toppu, Karn. (&००7.3०ं) The tobacco plant. slaves. See below.

HoJAr, Gu2. (टu6४ct) An account settled annually between IWoli//6ri, Karn. ( &~cg)7रंee) A street of the houses of
a farmer and his temants. Pariahs.

' HoLA, Karn. (ॐ~ee) A ficld in general, one in which any -IWoli/d, IWole/amu, plural IIole/aru, Karn. ( &०c9०ऽ०,
grain is grown except rice. &०cdo७OKo, plural &०e ँ०७०&७) A low man, an
Itolabu, Karn (ॐ~००००) A hold or ground fit for cul outeaste, commonly an agricultural labourer (from IIolc,
tivation : also, limit, boundary. a field) and a slave, being saleable by the owner of the
/Woladabele, Karn. (&००e)ॐ ँं)) A field of standing corn. estate on which he is located, either with or without the
a crop. _
land. The plural form, in place of the singular, is com
। WWoladasara, Karn. (&०००ॐ36)77olagdddं ।।'/diya, Karn. monly employed by Europeans, who have made strange
(&०००x३९यव्8a 8) Disputes about boundaries. work with the name, and no little confusion with the
IWolahola, Karn. (ॐ~०9ं॰०e) IDry land, land that can description. The Holleeroo, Holayur, Holeyer, Hollieroo,
not be easily watered by artificial means, and dependent । is described as a predial slave, numerous in Kanara and
upon rain for water, unfit therefore for rice lands. Kurg : in the former he is said to be a subdivision ०f
HoLAR, Mar. (होलार) A man of a low or outcaste tribe, by the IDher ; in the latter, one of three principal classes of
profession a musician. slaves galled IIoleyaroo, Wewaroo, and Paleroo. In both
HOLE, Karn. ( &००र्र्)) A lake, a river. countries the IIoleyaru are distinguished by warious denomi
210
 HOM HUN।

nations prefixed, which are wariously written, and the Jottuhajmor, Karn. (&ं॰२) A tax on the husk

meaning of which is not explained, as Maury or Maree on the threshing-floor which is set apart for the cattle of
or Mare Holeyaroo ; Byr H. ; Murtha H. ; Bulgi H. ; the Ryots.
Kembutta or Kimbutty H. ; Badaya H. ; Rookha H. ः HUDA (?) H. (४A०) Statement ofestates to be sold by auction.
of these, the only peculiarities noted are, that the Kem HU DDA, Mar. (हुहा) HUDDA, or HU DDF, Karn. (ॐoंव,
batta, (?) H., is native in Kurg, the rest are natives of ॐ93) HoDA, Tel. (Tब्णश्य) A public post or office ः
Karnāta. The Holeyaru generally are a more faithful (vermācular corruptions of A. Afhdah, ५. v),
class of slaves than others. Amongst the Mare H., the ITadaadir, Mar. (हुहेदार) Itadadra,Tel. (ब्णश्च्ॐ७)
custom of succession through the female line to any pro An officer, a functionary, one holding any office : see
perty the man may have acGuired prevails. Afhdahdar.
HoMA, S. (होम:) Burnt offering, oblations of clarified butter HUDIGAR, Karn. (ॐ७०ग्ज्ठँ) The name of a low caste
poured on fire ; other articles may also be offered. The in Mysore, not much known.
rite is of high antiguity, and forms part of all domestic HU DUw U, Karn. (ॐ9ं9ं)) Partnership, any joint concern ;
religious observances, as marriages, adoptions, &c. property, estate.
HospA, Karn. (ॐ॰e०ॐ) A public tank or pond in a village. HUI.AKWERI, Mar. (?) A kind of black soil in walleys, where
HoN F, Karn. ( &०० ँ) Bond, bail, surety. it is less productive.
-7Wonegdr, Karn. (&०० ँ7रब्6) A surety, a bondsman. HULAswAR, Karn. (ॐ99त्प्रेक्ष्ऽ ँ) A division of the Holeyar
HoNNr, Karn. (ॐ~००ऽC) Gold, money, a coin, half a or Pariah tribe, often employed as peons or horsemen.
pagoda. HULf DDAHANA, Karn. (॰णं॰००, from IIAli/, ॐ9%9,
Hon, Hor, Gu2. (छ्t२, टu’t) A plough. to bury) Hidden treasure.
HoR, Hindi (होड) A wager, a bet, a bargain. IIULI-HANNU, Karn. (ॐ9४ॐC६००) A tax on tamarinds
HORAsAT-KAI, Karn. (?) Lease of waste land. gathered from the public trees (Mysore),
HoRAswASTi, Karn. (ॐve ँंऽ9.) The private land held HULLU, Karn, (ॐeg?) GraSS, straw, hay.
by temples in Mysore as their own property, in distinction Ona-lialla, Karn. (६~६०ॐ9ं;) IDry grass, hay or Straw.
to assignments of produce, or in money, from lands re JMalla-banai, Karn. (ॐ9ं9०६०) A tax on grass in the
tained in the possession of the donors. rice fields, levied from those who bring their flocks to graZe
HORE, Karn. (C००d) A burthen, such as may be carried in them.

on the head ; an allowance of grain to village servants ; Jullu-bargiºi kuri-m/inyam, Karn. (&Se:०००ऽ8०) An

a load of grain : the Guantity varies. nual tax on cowherds, and shepherds who graZe their herds
-//oreliullu, Karn. (&~ंॐcं) A tax on cultivators and flocks on gowernment lands in Mysore.
who pay in kind, in lieu of straw formerly contributed IWallujaicalu, Karn. (ॐं7रव्3e७) An assessment on
to the government; pasture lands.
#otta//ं, (*२ं॰ed) Living, livelihood. -77arllathelasor, Karn (ॐ७ंडै७७) IDealing in grass or
HosAGAMA, Karn. (from &००७, hoso, new) Land recently Straw : the business of treading out corn.
brought under cultivation. HU LvATI-MARA, Karn. (ॐ००ॐ939ँ) The Rottleria tinc
/Wosa/tali-patta, Karn. (॰०७०४ं) A fine or tax toria, from the fruit of which a red dye is obtained.
formerly imposed upon the willage servants for not re HUS, Hoos, corruptly HoUN, II (७)*, perhaps from the Karn.
covering a stray horse belonging to a head man or IWonnu) A gold coin, current in the south of India, a
Paligar. pagoda, usually about छ0 grains in weight, but ofdifferent
_IWosa/ta/dm, Karn. (ं२०७&c&००) A new regulation. standard and value, according to the place where coined :
HoTA, or Hori:i. S. (होतृ, nom. होता) The priest who at the //%n, or star pagoda of the Company's curreney, was
sacrifices with fire invokes the deity worshipped, and pours intrinsically worth 7s. छेd. but was rated in the public
the butter on the altar. accounts at 8s•

HoTTU, Karn. ( C०/C &3७) Chaff, husk, bran. HUNBATTI, (?) Karn, Interest on money lent from the funds of
Adia-lot', Karn'ं~ं)chairor husk ofradity
211
temples.
 HUN
HUNDA, Tel. ( 3G-प्o०८ऽ”) Division of a prowince, a willage,
an estate (Ganjam).
HUNpA, Mar. (हुंडा) Money given at marriages by the father
of the bride to the bridegroom, or by the relations ofeither
of the contracting parties to those of the other ; a practice
considered disrepntable, being looked on as a purchase and
sale of cither ; also a monopoly : See the next.
HUN)AwA, less correctly HUNDwA, Mar. (हुंडवा) A mono
poly, an exclusive privilege of selling ; farming for a fixed
Sum any fluctuating value, as the revenue : a contract, an
engagement. _
Hund6-bhdrd, Mar. (हैंडाभाडा) Contract for the transpor
tation ofgoods, or thर्षे like, in which all duties and charges
are included.
Jumdelarः, Mar. (हुंडेकरी) One who contracts for a fixed
sum to convey goods to a destined place clear of all
charges and customs : a bridegroom who stipulates for
money with his wife.
HUNDH, H. (s5ंS) Mutual assistance in tillage.
HUN pi, HooNDEF, corruptly, HooNDw, H. (.sं”, Ben.
हूंठी, Mar. हुंडी, Tel. ॰णश्७००) A bill of exehange
IWiumdidn, H. (७५ेs) Exchange, rate or commission paid
for a bill of exchange, the premium or discount on
a bill. _
-Hunddhram, H., Mar. (७)"ंe, हुंडावणं) Price paid for a
bill of exehange, rate of exchange, premium or discount
on remittance by bill.
Hundi-chit/h{, Mar. (हुंडीचिङ्की) .ITundichātu, Karn.
(ॐ००००*९&39) A bill of exchange.
Hundi-darsani, H. (Uं.७e .soo) Abill payable at sight.
Jundi-maddं, H. (3-७~~ csंxce) A bill payable after a IATIRAD, H. (A. e\ंe') Confidence, trust ; buying an estate.
stipulated interval. _ iBADAT, H. (A. ३०५e) Religious worship.
Jundi-n’til, H. (J', .9GJu०) Huildi-n’tild, Ben. ( डूचीवाना) IBAHAT, H. (A. ～~५)) Giving permission, In Mohammadan
An exchange or bill-broker.
HUNDIGE-SUNKA, Karn. (ॐcc०7 Koc6)A tax paid by
merchants on piece goods brought from the weavers, as
an eduivalent for their being stamped.
HURPUNA-KU I.GA-MAN wAM, (?) Karn. (॰ंCox
ॐoo०8०) Tax on people of the saltmakers’ caste who
use buffaloes.
HURLA, (?) Sindhi. A small water-wheel.
HURst L, (?) Mar. The rate of assessment paid by strangers
resident in a village.
HURULI, Karn. (ॐcco९) Horse gram (Glycine tomentosa)
Juruli-par, Karn. (॰9ं७४२०) A tax on gram in My
2l2
IBR.
sore, formerly levied in kind, but since commuted for a
money tax.
HURWA, H. (५);०) A small clan of Somabansi Rajputs in
some parts of the prowince of Benares.
HUTA, S.(हुत) Offered, offered with fire, presented asanoblation.
-Hut48ana, S. ( हुताशनः) Fire, especially sacrificial fire.
(whose food, Asana, is the oblation made),
JHutdsami, most corruptly, Hoothashunnee, Mar. (S. हुताशनी)
The pile collected for the bonfire at the IIoli ; any cere
mony in which offerings are made with fire.
HUTrण्-GARU-GAUpA, Karn. (ॐ9ंथग्ज्धंC7रं) The head
man of a village, who is a native of it. (This and the
following are from the w. ॰9ं७, to be born, to spring or
&p
originate from),
J/utturali, Karn. ( *ंॐ४) The produce of a gar
den or field, or of any trade; the amount of an assess
ment ; rent, income, revenue.
Juttuicali-lami, Karn. (from P. ८***ः deficiency) Re
mission of assessment on account of deficient produce.
HUwUN, Mar. (?) An indefinite land measure signifying a
whole.
IIwUst, (?) A term used in Coimbatore to designate rates paid
in money, either permanently fixed, or Subject to small va
riation. (Gl.āth Rep., a wrong interpretation of the original,
in which it means only * fixed ;’ and where it also is an
error for Kdyam, Karn. (ट्ठद्धि०ऽ००, from A. •'), The
term is correctly JKaiyam-sugarndddya, Fixed rent.
Fifth Rep., p. 77I).
I
law, licence, authority, permission.
IBA K, A• (७५)) The flight of a slave from his master.
IBBALA, Karn. (3ं8%) A measure e५ual to half a kolaga,
(Mysore).
IBN-Us-SABir, A. (c)AA…J) ७') A stranger ; one who has
come from a distance, and is without money or friends,
and is entitled to alms, or २ukdit : lit., a son (iUm) of the
road (al-xabil).
IBRA, H. (A. ',') Remission, release, acduittance, relin
५uishment of claim.
Ibrd-ndma, H. (&०७ AAl) A written acGuittance or re
linguishment of claim.
 IBR IHS

-7bra-ā-3imma, H. ( ं; ५.४!') Exemption from responsi semble for occasional devotions, especially at the season of
bility, release of trust. the fils or festivals ः it is usually situated on the outskirts
IBZAA, A. (a'-4ं) Entering into an engagement for the dis of a town or village.
posal of goods upon commission ; sending a specimen of IDAI, Tam. (2)०ठ०-) Weight in general, a weight of l00
any article for sale ; sorting goods for Sale. Palams, egual to 2ं cis, or 12! sdrs.
icHALU, Karn. (-ॐ ँeo) A wild date tree. IPArwAN, Tam. (?)०००-u-dठैr) IDAM, IpAwAs, Mal.
/chalandru, Karn. (-ॐaंeoत्ॐ९ॐ०) The fermented.juice of (?23Gount) A shepherd, a cowherd.
the date or other palm, tdr{. Idaichcheri,Tam. (?)co०-e6ePDh) Avillage ofshepherds.
ip, or Ai D, commonly EID, or EED, H. (A. AA4e) A festival IPAst, IDANKAI, IPAKKAl, Tam. (?)-ta, 20-rālcoxes,
or holy observance among the Mohammadans; but the 6यrt-फै००२eB) IDAGAr, Karn. (०ॐ7ंy) The left side,
term is especially applicable to two such occasions, the the left-hand castes or divisions : see Edagai.
Jain or JEidein, which are enjoined by texts of the Ko IDDAT, corruptly EDrr, A. (३्e) The time of legal probation
?’an, and are therefore.far2, or absolute : others are termed which a divorced woman or a widow must wait before
।sunmat, or traditional. These two are-1. ia-al:fitr, she marries again, in order to determine whether she is
fº-५-sa/hir, or Tºamagdn-ki-{d (9ail) ***,ु**~" ५9-45, pregnant.
•AAs -* ७-39) The festival of breaking the fast, the iprGA, EEDIoU, Karn. (-ॐ८७)K) A caste, or man of a caste

minorfestival, or that of IRamagdn, the occasion of which whose business it is to manufacture and sell the fermented

is the breaking of the fast observed throughout the month juice of the palm, or toddy, or other spirituous liguors :
of Itamagdn : the’termination of the fast on the Ist of the he is also employed as a palankin-bearer.
month ensuing, or Shamcdil, is observed as a festival, with /dijuttije, Karn. (-ॐ०KS3.7ं) A duty upon tdrt in
prayers and rejoicings, and distribution of food or other Mysore.
alms to the poor. 2. ia-a-galid, ia-al-kurldn, or Bakr ipU, Tel. (*ॐॐ०) Pledge, pawn, mortgage, (it is also used
id, (५-" A4e, J५,ill oul, Age ,५) The festival of in the same meaning amongst others in Tamil ; see the
the forenoon, of sacrifice, or the Bull-festival ; it is ob next).
served in commemoration of Abraham's sacrifice of his ipU, Tam. (गि‘O) Guality, applied especially to land orsoil.
son, who, according to the Mohammadans, was Islumail, Kadaiyidu, (G०००-LLO) Land of the lowest Guality.
not I8aac: it begins on the evening of the 0th of the Talaiyidu, (p&ou-G) Land of the first guality.
l2th month, Zulhijja, with prayers and offerings, and is idunupairu, Tel. (?) Land which pays rent on a crop
continued on the morning of the I0th with public prayers, unconditionally.
after which a sheep, an ox, or a camel is slaughtered, and IFLAS, A. (U~"Gl, lit., powerty) Becoming insolvent.
the meat of the sheep and oxen eaten by the offerers, or fHIDE, Mar. (ईहिदे, A. A-) One ; used only of the Moham
distributed to their friends and the poor. madan year.
7d, Mar. (ईद) Besides the preceding sense, the term de IHATA, H. (A. A4०५-l) An enclosure, a court, a compound.
notes among the Marathas any Hindu festival occurring IHEA K A. (G'-') Restoring or determining any one's hak,
in the first year after a marriage, when the married or rights. .
pair exchange presents of coarse Sugar &c. : the presents IHI.AL, A. (J-l) Rendering any thing lawful, any act or
so made. formula by which a transaction is made legal (Mohammadan
fai, Dedee, plural iditin, H. (.*.५e) Relating to a festi law).
val ; applied also to verses given by schoolmasters to their IHRAM, A. (A)-) Making or determining any thing to be un
pupils at the several festivals, for which presents are made lawful; a mean dress worn by pilgrims on entering Mecca ;
to them : any holiday gift. putting on such a dress; the period of pilgrimage at Mecca ;
fdidna, H. (Ad५e.e) Any holiday gift, or any thing relating abstinence from sensual enjoyments during the month of
to a festival or fd. Muharram.

7a-gdh, H. (A. P. ४७a५e) A platform, sometimes screened IIISAN, A. (७-4-l) In Mohammadan law, a person who is
or enclosed by a brick wall, where the Mohammadans as a free sane adult of chaste reputation, and of the Moham
218 :9 I
 IHT
madan faith, and who is therefore entitled to demand pu
nishment for adultery committed with respect to him or her
So characteriZed.
IHTIKAR, A. (,ki-l) Laying up : in Mohammadan law,
monopoly, or the purchasing of grain and other necessaries
of life, and keeping them with a view to enhance the price.
IHTIMAM, corruptly EAHTIMAM, EAHTIMAN, ETMAUM, IT
MAM, WETMAUM, and WETMANNEE, H. (A. ALAGol) Care,
superintendence, trust, responsibility : the trust or juris
diction of a Zamindar ower certain variable divisions of a
province, under the Mohammadan government of Bengal,
eguivalent to a Zamindārt; thus, JBurdicam, Hºdjshahi, &c.,
are in early financial reports designated as Eahtimams. In
Chittagong the term denotes a tenure similar, but subor
dinate to, a Taluk, and usually of Small extent.
Jhtimdm-bamdi, corruptly Eahtimam, Etmaam-bundy, Het
maum-bundy, H. (८.sAं9 A५्al) Revenue settlement ac
cording to the Jhtimdnu.
Jhtimaim-ddr, corruptly Dahtimam, Eatihma-dar, or Et
mauma-ddr, H. 9le ५isl)
The holder of a trust, the per
son charged with the realiZation of a stipulated revenue
for a certain district under the Mohammadan gowernment,
a Zamindar ; also an agent or deputy of the Zamindar, ap
pointed by him to realiZe the revenue of any portion of
his Zamindārf.
Jhtimdm-hachlari, corruptly Etmaum-cutcheri,H .(.८9**
an office) An office under the Mohammadan government
for receiving the revenues from the Thtimdm estates.
IHTAsAB, corruptly WETEsAB, H. (A. ५--''~～-') Superinten
dence of police, supervision of weights and measures, &c.,
in a market; see Muhtasif
Jhti8abi, IDekh. H. ( .४५43-l) A supervisor or clerk of
the market; the duty of a supervisor or of a superintendant
of police.
IHZAR, H. (A.)'-4-l, from Hicir) A summons ; citing to
appear.
IJAB, corruptly Edjab, H. (A. ५--'५-l) In Mohammadan
law, the first proposal made by one of the contracting parties
in negociating any arrangement, as a marriage-contract,
sale, or the like. In Bhagalpur, balance due after Settle
ment of accounts.
Jjdb-7ra-kabail, H. (A. J;*ं 9 ५--'-') Proposal and accept
ance : in the case of a negociation of marriage, the offer
and assent must be declared before witnesses, and this
is necessary to render the marriage walid.
214
IJL
IJARA, corruptly, EJARA, EJAR, EZARA, IZARA, H. (A.
),५-) IJARA, Mar. (इजारा) Price, profit : especially em
ployed to denote a lease or farm of land held at a defined
rent or rewenue, whether from gowernment direct, or from
an intermediate payer of the public revemue : a farm or
lease of the revenue of a village or district, also of cus
toms, or collections of any description, as of customary
fees or allowances ; any items of revenue : letting lands
on farm or lease ; the lands so let; a contract ; a mo
nopoly.
Ijaraddr, corruptly, Jºjarahdar, H. &c. (A. )ley५-l) Ijair
ddr, Hindi amd Mar. (ड्जारदार्) A farmer of any item
of public revenue, whether from land, customs, or any
other source ; the renter of a willage or estate at a stipu
lated rate.
Ijdrdddrः, or Ijdrddr{, H. &c. (.9le)५-l, इजारदारी)
Farming, contracting for rent or revenue ; an abw6b or
cess formerly levied on lands or districts let out in farm
for the bemefit of the farmer or contractor.
Jjdra-jaghrdt, Sindhi. Farm of milking cattle.
Jjara-kaal, Tel. (from the A. Jy, an agreement) Rent
ing a willage of government, and subletting it, the first
leaseholder being responsible for the revenue. (Warangal).
Jjdra-ndma, H. (A.०७ ४9५-l) A lease, any document under
which a lease or farm is held ; also a conditional deed
of sale of a slave in Tirhut.
Jjdra-patta, H. &c. (ं 9'-') A deed of lease on farm.
Ijdrddrā-patta, Hindi (इजारदार्णीपट्टा) A lease for a farm,
giving authority to the holder to occupy and cultivate, or
receive the rents of an estate.
Jjarpat, Mar. (इजारपट) The sanad or public document
given to a farmer or contractor ; the paper given at the
annual settlement of the revenue in the Maratha prowinces
to the head Patil, setting forth the gross amount of re
venue due for that year by his willage, the sum remain
ing to be paid after deducting remissions, and the instal
ments by which the balance is to be paid.
IJAZAT, H. (A. ५“-9;५-l) Giving leave or permission to de
part, dismissal, command, sanction, or permission.
Jj42at-ndma, H. (&२७ ५-9५-l) Any written order or per
mission ; also commonly applied in Mohammadan diction
to the anumati patra of Hindu law, or the written per
mission of a husband to his wife to adopt a son after his
decease.
IJ LAS, H. (A. U~'#-) A sitting, especially of a court of
 IJL' IKR

justice, Sessions ; under the Mohammadan gowernment it
usually denoted an assembly of jurists or learned men
for the decision of an intricate or important cause ः it is
also used at present for a meeting or sitting of the Su
preme Council, as, Jjlds-ā-kaunsil (c)-“*U~"-l ).
Jjldis-hdmil, H. (from the A. o--४, perfect) A full or com
plete court or session.
IKHRAJ, H. (A. ह'A-) Expulsion, turning out of possession :
expense.
Jkhrdjait, H. (A. plural of ह्)*-) Expenses, disbursements :
assignments of revenue to public servants employed in its
management and collection.
Ikhrdjat-i-aurang, H. Expenses of the aurang, or com
mercial station. In accounts of the salt rewenue the term

IJMAA, A. (a५--) An assemblage, a court: a collection orsum.
Jjmdd-i-sahdbat, The concurrent authority of the com
panions of the prophet upon a point of Mohammadan law.
IJMAL, H. (A. J५-l) Abstract, Summary ; also applied to
joint occupancy or possession.
Jjmdli, H. (J५*१-l) Held in common (as an estate), un
divided, unpartitioned ; settled with in common with two
or more parties.
4jm/ili-mahal, H. (from A. Us’, an estate) An undivided
estate, one held in parcenership by the heirs of a common
anceStor.
Jjmdyali, Mar. (ञ्जमायली, from the A. Ijmal) Summary,
superficial ; an account roughly prepared to answer im
mediate purposes.
IJ RA, H. (A. ],-l) Giving currency or circulation to any
thing, making known, carrying into effect; issue, execution.
included the expenses incurred in the manufacture, storing,
and transport of the salt.
IKHTIAR, commonly, but incorrectly, IKHTIWAR, H. (A.
)'ं5-l) Choice, option : in Hindustan, more usually plea
sure, will, authority, power. Ikhtidr-mei-ltond is to be
in one's power, or dependent upon, as a district jurisdic
tion ; also to be according to any one's discretion, pleasure,
or will, as an order, a decision, a sentence : in Moham
madan law it implies an option of divorce granted by a
husband to his wife.
Jhhtidr-ndma, H. A power of attorney
Jkhtidir-i-sull, A. (from 3~,
agreement) An optional com
promise (Mohammadan law).
Tkhtidr-i-gabha, A. (from ee: slaughter) Killing an
animal for food according to the legal form-by cutting
its throat.

Ijrdia-dikr{, H. E. (.9*e .s)#-') Execution of a decree IKKERI-wARAHA, or -HUN, Karn. (०，०ॐ&व्ठ०) A small

of court. gold coin struck at Ikheri, in Mysore, egual to thirteen

IITHAD, A. (e५*-l) Carrying on war against infidels ः also
care, effort; whence, in Mohammadan law, it implies the
fundamental grounds or authorities in legal disguisitions,
which are-4l-kitdb, the book or Koran; Sunnat, tradition,
the sayings and doings of Mohammad, recorded by his suc
gold fanams, rather less than a guarter ofa Calcutta mohur.
IKRAH, corruptly, IKHRAH, A. (४)Pl) Compulsion º in law,
the constraint exercised by one person ower another, to
compel him to do an illegal act, or to act contrary to his
own will. _

cessors and associates ; Ijmdia, the concurrent opinions of
Mohammad's companions; and JKi/ds, reasoning, the ratio
nale ofa decision not prowided for byeither of the preceding.
IKALA, A. (AlUGl) The cancelling or dissolution of a sale,
on condition of furnishing an eguivalent for the original
price of the article ; breaking a contract or engagement.
I KBAL, incorrectly, EKBAL, A. (JAGl) Acceptance (of a
bond, &c.).
IKRAR, H. (A. )ं) Fixing firmly, establishing, confirming ;
agreement, assent, ratification. In law, the acknowledg
ment or admission ofa right or claim, as of a debt ; also of
relationship, involving inheritance, &c. ; also a confession
or acknowledgment of guilt.
-Ikrdr-i-ddm, corruptly, J9hrahaum, A. (Pe))Pl) A pub
lic acknowledgment, declaration, or confession. A will,
a testament.

Jkbal ddird, incorrectly, Elab4l-dance, H. (A. J५Gl, ad Jkr4r-dana-patra, H. (from S. दानपच) A conditional deed
mission, and bee, a suit) Confession of judgment. of gift, a deed of gift with some reservation or declaration
ikH, EEkH, H. (&l) IKHU, Ben. (ं) also Mar. (हैषु) of right in the donor.
IKSHU, S. (इघुः) Sugar-cane : also Ukh. Ikrdri, H. (.9JPl) One who assents, acknowledges, or
Jkhrdj, also Ukhrdj, H. (ह्)*ं) A name given in some confesses.

places in Upper India to the day on which the sugar Jkrdri-agdmi, H. (from A. ॰S)) A prisoner who con
cane is planted, which is an occasion of festivity. _ fesses his guilt.
215
 IKR। IMA

Ikrdr-ndma, H. (P. &८७) A deed of assent or acknow i LAM, H. (A. File', from /*, to know) Announcing, pro
ledgment in general. In the north-west provinces it ap claiming, making known.
plies especially to the engagement entered into with go Jl4m-ndma, H. (from a-ati) A sammons, a citation ; the
vernment by the Mālgu2ar and coparceners of a village: first process issued against a defendant in a civil suit.
it is to specify the mode of paying the rewenue ; how the ILAMBADI, Tam. (?)6otal-rTu9-) The name of the Banjara
shares are to be distributed ; the Shares whether held in tribe in the south : also JDambddi.

common or in severalty ; the number, functions, privi iLAN, or AfLAs, (A. ७"el) Publishing ; advertisement.
leges, &c., of the Lambarddrs ; the items of the Sayer ; II.ANGADUTARi.JU, Tam. (96rTruerrGgDhe) Land left

rights of irrigation ; extent and appropriation of waste
cultivable land ; and the number, duties, and pay of the
willage servants : it is to be signed by all the Lambardārs
and as many Pattfdārs as possible, to be attested by the
Patwarf and Kanungos, and finally confirmed by the sig
nature of the settlement officer, after being read out before
him in open court in the presence of the subscribing parties.
Jkrdr-ndma-gdlaंi, H. (from A ५*-Jं, a third party) A
deed of arbitration.
IRTAA, incorrectly, ARTA, H. (A. 9'eºl, lit., portions cut
oft; from Katd, eleं, to cut) Jagfr lands, or lands granted
in feudal tenure to the nobles of the Moghal empire, when
scattered in separate allotments through different provinces.
ILADARAwARA, Karn. (११व्ठॐग्व्ॐ) A mortgage ofland
with possession, sometimes for a stipulated period, the
rent taking place of all interest on the loan, as well as
prowiding for the gowernment rewenue ; the land to be
redeemable on payment of the debt.
ILAHf, H. (A. ५*" from Ilah, All, God) Divine ; the title
of the era instituted by the Emperor Akbar, commencing
waste for ten years.
ILANJAM, Tam. (2)60(G', Gºta) A bribe.
ILASJr, Tam. (960(ढैGी) A tank, a large tank.
iLAT, H. (A. ५-4e) Cause, motive in the language of the
Courts, the grounds of a charge or accusation, the plea of
arraignment.
ILARALU, Tel. (GCग्व्०व्)99) The thatched roofs of barns
or granaries.
ILHAK, corruptly, ELLAAR, (?) H. (A. J-") Addition ; but
applied to fees formerly exacted from the parties to a suit,
or from the police peonsः (perhaps some error from Al
hak, a right or perguisite),
ILKA-HAJAR, A. (A-- "all) lit., Throwing a stone, a prae
tice prohibited by the Mohammadan law,which compelled
a person who threw a stone at any article exposed for
sale to purchase it.
ILLAKUR, Mal. (ं2ंGeos०) The private property of a
Malabar Raja ; which, on his accession to superior dignity,
he assigns in some respects to his heir.
ILLARIKAM, Tel. (०Cogos०) Connexion of descent from a

with the first year of his reign, A. H. 968, A. D. Iछे56 ः common ancestor, which is marked by bearing the same
although found on the coins of Akbar and his immediate family mame, commonly termed the house name, Intiperu,
successors, it never obtained currency, and is now obsolete. (G०&$न्यंॐo).
IIdh{-6a’, H. 9*c.ill) The standard ga’, or yard, of 4I ILLATA, Karn. (Gg&ं) A bride's father having no son, and
fingers, instituted by Akbar ; authoritatively fixed by the adopting his son-in-law.
British government at 83 inches ः see Ga2. ILLAwAM, Tel. (Ggळ०७००) House tax.

irAFA) corruptly, ELA KEH, H. (A. AGle) Dependency, con
nexion ; a property, an estate, a district, a jurisdiction.
ILA KIIA, Mar. (इलाखा) Claim, right, title. ILA KHA,
or ILA KHE, Karn. (०Oceणव्ं) A department, an office.
iaW4janara, Karn. (०-9णव् ँ९०७०७) The people
under the chief officer of a district, the people of the de
pendency.
flahaddr, HL (9le &#'e) The person who engages, either
on his own account or as the representative of others, for
it.M, H. (A. ) Wisdom, learning, knowledge.
ILTIMAs, H. (A. U~५-J)) Beseeching ; supplication : in
some places, as in Cuttack, Iltimds, (२R६१॥६) is used
for the plaint in a suit : it is also used to denote an
humble or unpretending representation.
IMAM, corruptly EMAUM, H. (A. •५.) A head or chief in
religious matters, whether he be the head of all Moham
madans, as the Khalif or the priest of a mosgue, or the
leader in the prayers of a congregation. The Shias re _
_ _ _ _ _

the payment of the assessed revenue upon a district or cognise twelve Imdms, or heads of the faith, in Alt and
willage. his successors, of whom the last Imdm, Mehdi, is beliewed
216
 IMA
to be still alive. The term Imdm is sometimes, when
used singly as the Imdm, applied especially to Imdin
Sh6fdi, one of the four lawyers whofoundedas manyschools.
Imdm-bil-hak, A. (J-' ५०) A rightful Imdm, one who
posseses all the reduisite gualifications.
Imdimia, H. (A. ५-७-al) The Shia sect, from their recog- '
nising the twelve Imāms.
Imdm-bdra, or -bdri, corruptly Emaum-barry, H. (from the
P. 9५, or H. ५.39५, a house) A building in which the
festival of the Moharram is celebrated, and service in com
memoration of the deaths of Ali, and his Sons Hasan
and Hasain is performed at that season ; at other times ।
their Taxias or shrines are preserved in it: sometimes it
is used as the mausoleum for the family of the founder.
Imdim-2dmini, H. (A. from c*~' ं, surety) Fastening a ।
small coin round the left arm of a person undertaking a ।
journey, for good luck, and to secure the protection of the
Imām ः if in want he may spend it, not else.
IMARAT, H. (A. 9५al) Authority, a government, the juris
diction of an Amfr.
istARAT, H. (A. 9५se) Any public building, as a mosgue,
a college.
Ist BISAT, A. (Ae५~ंl) Mutual liberty ः in law, a mutual right
of usufruct, the right of a coparcener in common property.
IM LA K, H. (A. .}}Lal) Property, possession. Hindi (ड्मलाक)
Land held rent free, which has fallen to the Zamindar for ।
want of an owner (Puraniya).
Imlak-manktila, A. (Ad;ं-० ५-*Lal) Personal property.
Imlak-1hair-mankala, A.(Ad;*०A# 4-*"al) Realproperty. ।
Iyf MADI, Karn. (व्3३०) lit., IDouble, a double, a deputy.
IM MANU, Karn. (व्ंं०, from ०२३, twice) Lands yield
ing two crops of rice in a year.
IMTIHAN, H. (A. ७=val) Proof, examination.
IMTINAA, H. (A. guºtel) Prohibition, restraint.
INAAM, H. (A. A५.J) vernacularly, INAyr, corrupted to ENAyr,
or ENAUM, Ben. (केश्मीभ) Mar. (ड्नाम) Tel. (Gत्ऽांoo)
A gift, a benefaction in general, a gift by a superior to
an inferior. In India, and especially in the south, and
amongst the Marathas, the term was especially applied to
grants of land held rent-free, and in hereditary and per
petual occupation ; the tenure came in time to be gualified ।
by the reservation of a portion of the assessable revenue,
or by the exaction of all proceeds exceeding the intended
value of the original assignment ; the term was also
vaguely applied to grants of rent-free land, without re
217
INA
ference to perpetuity or any specified conditions. The
grants are also distinguishable by their origin from the
ruling authorities, or from the willage communities, and
are again distinguishable by peculiar reservations, or by
their being applicable to different objects. They are first
classed as Sanadi, and as Gdom-nisbat-Indm.
I. Sanadi-Indm is a grant emanating from the ruling
power of the time of the grant, free from all gowernment
exactions, in perpetuity, and validified by Sandd, or of
ficial deed of grant : it usually comprises land included
in the willage area, butºwhich is uncultivated, or has been
abandoned ; and it is subject to the Haks, or dues of the
village functionaries. It may be granted sometimes with
a reservation of a half a third, or a fourth of the govern
ment claim known as Indm-nimai, I. tijdi and I, chauthdi.
2. G4on-nisbat-Indm, (from the A. ५-५4i, a portion)
Lands granted rent-free by the willage out of its own lands;
the loss or deduction thence accruing to the gowernment
assessment being made good by the willage community.
Seven kinds of such grants are specified ; aS, 1. The
Indm of the Mukaddain, or officiating head of the willage,
termed Indin-passoree, (or, perhaps, more correctly, I.
paseri, the latter meaning maintenance). This is saleable
or assignable in mortgage with or without the office of
JMahaddam ; it is liable to the dues payable to the vil
lage servants on land of the like guality. 2. Land as
signed to the Mhar, of two kinds ; see Hinki and Ha
doli, or Mairhi. 8. Decasthdin, free lands attached to
temples and mosgues : it is not transferable in any way,
either by the village, or the persons attending on the
temples, whose duty it is to sell the produce, and apply the
money to theordinary expenses of the temples. 4. Indm-ma
ceyley, (? -mdroali) Lands granted to the village artificers
and servants, in place ofdues upon the produce : this is more
common in the Marcal, or hill country, than in the Des,
or country above the Ghats : the lands may be mort
gaged, but not sold, and are resumable by the donors.
5. Dharmddaya, corruptly, JDhermudon’, Lands assigned
in charity, saleable and assignable in mortgage. 6. De
ca-tehi, A parcel of land occasionally held by a Mu
haddam or IMhar, in reward of his having established
by ordeal disputed territories : it may be sold or mort
gaged. 7. Pdl, or Stir, A small piece of land held rent
free in connexiom with land bearing revenue, to compen
sate for some deficiency in the produce of the latter : it
8 k
 INA
cannot be sold or mortgaged separately, but remains an
nexed to the larger portion.
Another classification of Maratha Indm lands arranges
them under six heads, according to the objects of the do
nation ; as, l. Hindu Indims, which are Subdiwided into
seven classes, viZ. (l) Rent-free lands assigned by the state,
or by the willage, to Brahmans of reputed sanctity or
learning, not engaged in secular affairs ; (2) to the Go
sdoi, or village Gosain, to enable him to keep up his math,
or religious dwelling, and accommodate travelling men
dicants of a similar character, usually a willage bemefaction ;
(8) to individuals for military services, granted by the state,
or Jagfrdars and great officers ; (4) to Bhaits, or bards,
granted both by the state and the willages ; (छ) Gaocha
rami badal, revenue remitted on some of the willage lands, ।
on the plea of their being appropriated to the graZing of ।
cattle belonging to religious persons ; (6) Jangam-indm,
land granted by willages inhabited by Lingdits to their
priests ; (7) *atra-che-kathi, lands granted by the willage
to persons for keeping up and conveying flags (from kdth{,
a flagstaff) to ?/ditrds, or fairs held in honour of some deity.
2. The second of the major or generic classes are Moham- ।
A_ _ _ _
madan Indms, consisting of rent-free grants made by
opulent Mohammadans to religious persons of their own
faith, and to a variety of vagrants, mendicants, tumblers,
jugglers, &c. 3. Decasthdna Indms are lands assigned ।
for the support of religious establishments, whether Hindu ।
or Mohammadan, and for the keeping up of temples,
shrines, mosgues, &c. 4. Dharmaddya Indims are lands
appropriated to religious persons, as an act of charity, by
the heads of the government, and by the willage commu
nities : some of these are of considerable antiguity, and
are freguently confirmed by Dana-patras, grants inscribed
on copper plates. छे. Dehangi Indms, mumerous but
limited assignments to a variety of willage artificers and
servants, musicians, dancers, and the families of indi
widuals who have lost their lives in the Service of the
state, or of the village 0. Watandari Indms, or assign
ments to the village officers and servants. Besides these
classifications, which are especially applicable to the Ma
ratlta countries, a variety of terms occur in relation to
the designation of Indims, either of local or general ap
plicability.
Inddindar, or Indndar, H. &c. ()'A.८५७l, इनामदार्) The
holder of a rent-free grant.
218
IND
Thadmat, H. (e-~०५dl) Indmat, Mar. (इनामत) A gift,
a bemefaction, an assignment of rent-free land.
Indmatā, Mar. (इनामती) Of or belonging to an Indna
grant ; land or revenue assigned either in favour or charity,
or compensation of the duties of hereditary officers
Indimat--tafrth, H. (A.J४,ं c~~~७५d)) A tax levied on
farmers of Inddm lands.
Inddm-i-altamgha, H. (&ंAGJ) '~)) A grant of rent-free
land under royal seal. _
JImddm-?-ikrdma, H. &c. (AA) A~il) A grant or gift in
general, a grant of generosity.
Imddm-ā-kdmungo, H. (,ं;* '~)) An assignment of rent
free land to the willage accountant.
Indm-patra, Mar. (ड्नामपच) A deed of grant, a document
conveying an assignment of rent-free land.
Indm-patrah, Mar. (इनामपचक) An account of the lands
in a willage held rent-free ; ome of the accounts kept by
the kulkarami, or village accountant.
Indma-patt{, Mar. (इनामपट्टी) A tax upon the holders of
Imdm grants, either reserved as a guit-rent, or levied in
times ofemergency upon lands originally granted rent-free.
JDediga, or Kattubadi Indmu, Tel. (व्ंं०x, *ं००,
०COत्ण्व्) ँO०) An assignment of land at an assessment,
which varies with the produce.
/Bil-nakhta-indmu, Tel. (ंeंश्व्,०००णव्ंं००) A grant
of land at a fixed assessment.
Sarca-dambal4-indma,Tel.(ंॐंS ँ००थ्व्eणव्०99त्यव्)ंx9)
A grant of land wholly rent free.
Gdon-nisbat-indm, Mar. (गावंनिसवतड्नाम) A mortgage,
or grant of land made by the willagers to liGuidate a debt
incurred by the village for public expenses : see also above.
Srotriyadindmu, Karn. (टै७ ९(डे,०ऽ००९त्ण्व् ँ००) Grant
of land at a fixed assessment.
Terije-illada-indm u, Karn. (Go7 ०००gॐ3त्यव्ंं००) An
allotment of land rent-free.
fNARASI, Tel. (*ॐ.७०`?) Grain ofan inferior guality sepa
rated from the good by winnowing.
i NAvAT, H. (A. ५-१-्e) Favour, kindness, bounty.
-Indi/at-ndma, H., A deed of gift, a letter of recommenda
tion, a written order or patent from a superior.
1NCH, EENCH, H. ( ंl) Security (IDehli).
INDARA, H. (S. '9AGl) A large well of masonry.
INDi, Asamese (?) (ंी) A variety of silk, commonly
known as /9ria silk, procured in Asam, soft and of strong
fibre, but difficult to reel off the cocoon.
 IND
INDARMAN, Thug. A woman.
INDRA-DwADAsi, S. (इन्द्रद्धादशी) The twelfth day of Bhadra,
a festival in honour of Indra, the Hindu deity of the fir
mament, and of Swarga.
is DRAvApU, Tel. (-ॐ०ॐ०Jeॐo) A tdri drawer, a caste, or
individual ofit, employed to extract the juice of the palms ः
he is also sometimes employed as a palankin-bearer.
INDUvARA, S. ( इन्दुवार) The day of the moon (Monday).
IN FISAL, H. &c. (A. J-2ंl) IDecision, sentence, award, settle
ment of an affair.
IsoAR-TUPPA, Karn. (०99०7ज्ठँं93) A tax on the tribe
called Tailndrs in Mysore, in lieu of a ram and a pot of
ghee annually contributed by them to the Palijars in
former times.
INGILis, H. (U~'sl, for English) Invalid soldiers or sipahis,
to whom allotments of land were assigned as pensions ;
the lands so granted. (Mr. Elliot thinks the word cor
rupted from invalid).
INKISAM, H. (A. •५~ं) Division, partition.
INSAF, H. (A. ५-3५०il) Justice, decision of a cause,
fNT, H. (G-५), ईट्टे, S. इष्टिका) Ir, Ben. (ङे) I'rrKE, -GE,
Karn (अंडॆ, -*) A brick.
/nt-gari, H. (.9५*५) Brickwork.
Itrodl4, Ben. (झेदोलi) A brickmaker.
Ittigeyaca, Karn. (०:ं7Cocoॐ) A brickmaker.
INTIKHAB, H. (A. ५--'ं)) Selection, abstract, extract of
proceedings.
INTI KAL, H. (A. Jं') Conveyance or remowal from one
place to another, from life to death, &c.
Intikdili, H. (A. Jं)) A transfer of Zamind:trf or other
revenue property, from one person to another : the property
so transferred.
Intikdil4-bahi, H. (from ७.५, an account) Register of trans
fers of property.
Intihdili-rasi/m, H. (A. from *9) Fees for making a trans
fer of property in the official register.
INTrZAyr, H. (A. A'ं') Administration, arrangement.
IPPAN Tam.(g)tंlLCटॆा) A shepherd, a ploughman, a trader
or merchant.
iPATDAI, Hindi (ईपतदाद्) From the date ofः
IRAIDAH, H. (४o),l) A division of the page of an account book.
IRAI, Tam. (2)०ठ०p) Tax, tribute.
IRAIPPU, Tam. (2)&ठ०pt-DL-) Payment of tax or tribute.
Iraiyumacari/um, Tam. (2)०ठुpu- La6-"Dhu-Ita) Taxes
and duty, assessment.
219
IRU
IRAKKADAN, Tam. (S. 2)Drrrकैegठैी) A giant, the Rak
shas of Hindu mythology; a kind of marriage, the Rak
shasa form or wiolence.
IRAKKARANMA, Mal. (ं2(oco6)prop6r2) Lands and tene
ments held by a small acknowledgment of superiority to a
higher lord, fee-hold.
Irakkardnmayola, Mal. (६०(oe86aprop6r26)oupaa) Title
deeds of land held fee-hold.
fRAKKUCHCHAMBA, Tam. (गिप्रकै८ेaeºetal-n) A supe
rior kind of the rice, called Chamabd, or Sambd, which
is sown in July and reaped in February : see Samb८.
IRAPU, Kar. (०ॐं)) Surplus, balance, savings.
IRASAM, Tel. (०ॐ*००) A measure of 24 s6rs.
IRATTU, Tam. (?)Drt--G) Coarse cloth, sackcloth.
Jrattuppai, Tam. (?)Drtं-GJ०ठPL) A Sack of coarse
canwas or cloth.
IRAwAL, Tam. (?)Dr6u60) A loan, any article lent.
fRAvAN, or fLAwAN, Mal. (०6)०५*o-art) A caste, or indi
widual of it, whose occupation is the extraction of tdrf
or todd/, from the palm trees.
IRAwARI, Mal. (6०० o_u(6)) Royal rewenue, assessment, tax,
impost.
IRJf KA, Mar.(इरजीक) The practice among cultivators of
giving mutual assistance, both with men and cattle.
IRKARU, Karn. (36ष्ठद्धं७) The early and latter crop, or
the two seasons of harvest.
IR:, H. (A. ५-’)l) Inheritance.
IRsAL, H. &c. (A. J५५9) Sending, despatch, a despatch of
any thing ; the sending of remittances from the willages
to the Zamindar, or to the district treasury, and from
thence to the excheduer.
Irsdl-ndma, H. (from &०७) A statement of money or goods
remitted, an inwoice.
Trsal-pat{, Mar. (झ्रसालपटी) An invoice, a list of remit
tances of cash specifying the coins of which they consist.
IRSH, A. (U9)) A mulct or fine for bloodshed or wounds
not causing loss of life : a bribe, a douceur to the judge.
IRTISHA, H. (A. ५*9') Bribery, corruption.
IRTIHAN, H. (A. J५9l) Receiving any article as a pledge.
IRU, Tel., Tam. (GCo, 2(प्र) Two, both.
Irubhdjamu, Tel. (from १CO, two, and दृऽष्टx ंOO, S. भागं ,
a share) The two shares, i. e. of the crop, the one assignable
to the government, the other to the cultivator : also read
Iru-bh00amu, or double possession, implying the same
thing.
 IRU
Jrubu, or Trubogam, Tam. (g)(B- " 20,ि०-rr etb) Two
crops.
Irujoru, Tel. (GॐoATCO) Both shares ; the entire crop
before the gowernment portion is deducted.
कार्य)Asoilofclayandsand.
7;rumapabdri,Tam.(ं) (CBLccठष्ठा-rT
Trundli-patam, Mal. (ं2(CBCope-1la-aps०) lit., Two ndlis
out of four ; used to express an egual division of the crop
between proprietor and tenant, made annually, and not
very customary in Malabar.
Jra-pattu-ndladi-kol, Tam. (?)(Cछ-' ँ८)[प्रrTool9-फै
GearT6b) A measuring rod twenty-four feet in length.
Iruodra, Karn. ( 3ॐ७्यग्व्ॐ) Both the government's and
cultivator's shares of the crop.
Trucdyam, Tel. (GCo०Je०9०) The whole crop before its
partition between the state and the cultivator.
IRU LAN, Tam. (2(PB6rTठैी) A man of a wild race living
in the woods ः from Irul, (20-56IT ) blackness.
isA, vernacularly, ISH, S. &c. (हैशा, हैशं) The beam or pole
of a plough.
IsANNE, Mar. (इसंने, A. JUGl) Two ; applied only to the
Mohammadan year in the Dakhin.
IsARA, or ISARA, Mar. (इसारं, इसारा) Earnest money.
isHA, H. (A. ५-e) The first watch of the night, or, accord
ing to some, from the time when the sun begins to set
till twilight : prayers to be said at that time.
#h4-nam4ं, or -galait, H. (from the P. ;U+G, or A. ३)L०)
Evening prayer.
IsHARA, or IsHARAT, H. (A. ४)७s) A hint, a sign ; in law,
indicating any thing in a definite manner, in opposition
to simply naming it.
IsHHAD, H. (A. os“)) Evidence, testimony.
IsHTA DEvATA, H. (S. from इष्ट, wished, and देवता, a divinity)
A person's favourite or tutelary deity.
IsHTIEAR, H. (A. 9५ेl) adopted in various dialects, with
some modifications, as, Istihar, Ben. (छ्भउिछ्ोत्र) 7stahdr,
Uriya (२१,६॥6२) Istiharu, Tel. (Gं७.्णं9) Ishtiyara,
Tam.(95%ंठीu-rT DT) Proclamation, public announcement
or notice, advertisement, an advertisement in a public place
or a newspaper, notice by the collector of a sale of lands
for arrears of revenue ; also a paper affixed to a Ryot's
cottage reduiring him to renew his lease within a given
term, under penalty of his being charged the highest rate
levied in the village or district.
Istiharu-ndma, Tel. (from A.०७) A written notice or pro
clamation.
220
IST
Ishtiydra-ndma, Tam. (from &०७) A document granted
by government to the purchasers of lands sold at auction
for arrears of revenue, or under a decree of Court
IsHRAR, A. (e_],ंl) Rising of the sun.
JIshr८k-mamd2, A. P. Prayer at sunrise.
ISHTIRAK, H. (A. ५-*',ं) Partnership ; entering into part
nership.
ISLAM, H. (A. "~l) The Mohammadan religion.
ISM, H. (A. ~l) A name, a noun.
Ism:fargi, or Ism-iःfargi, corruptly, Issum:fur2/, H. (from
८s* fictitious) A fictitious name, or the substitution of
the name of one person in place of that of another, who
is the real but unavowed party in a transaction, such as
the purchase of lands sold at auction, and the like.
Tsm-namāsi, H. (from P. ८s“** a writing) A list or roll
of names, as of Zamindars in a district, witnesses in a
Suit, &c. ; making out such a list.
Ism-mcdr, H. 9';~~') Attending to name ; entry in public
documents according to the order of the names of the in
dividuals.
Isamuodrit-patti, Karn. (०७॰ञ्चाब्&ं) An indi
vidual account.
isMAT, A. (ंA-2e) Protection ः chastity ः in law, the care
and defence of property by the owner, and the protection
of person and property by the state or the law.
ISTAD, Mar. (इस्ताद, A. eloं…) Goods and chattels, moveable
property.
ISTAKBiL-TA-GAwAT, Mar. (इस्तकषीलतागायत, for the A.
e-५५# ७ JAं…) From a certain date to a certain date,
used chiefly with respect to notes.
ISTAwA, Mar. (इस्तावा, A. ISTiwA, ';*~', tending towards
eguality) The land-tax or rent lewied at progressively in
creasing rates, until it reaches the full sum imposable on
land brought into cultivation, or on willages let out to
farm, &c. ; the practice of So letting lands, &c.
Istand-kaul, Tel. (from A J*, agreement) A lease or
grant of waste lands at a rent progressively increasing for
a term of years, when it becomes fixed.
Jstdica-chā-pattं, Mar. (ज्ञस्तावाचीपट्टी) An account kept by
the willage accountant of lands held on progressively in
creasing rents.
ISTIBRA, A. (!)ं॰l) Waiting for the ptirification of a woman,
whether a slave or free, to determine whether she is preg
nant before intercourse can lawfully take place.
ISTIDAA, A. (५:AGol) Supplication, petition.
 IST
Isrt DANAT, A. (āloं…l) Borrowing, contracting a debt, ISTI KBAL, less correctly, ISTAKBAL, H. (A. JAं…l) Cere
wishing to borrow, suing for a debt: in law, any trans
action which the manager in a partnership, where one
finds the capital and the other the management, may un
dertake, but for which, if not included in, or consonant
to, the terms of his contract with the proprietor of the
share, he alone is responsible, and the profits of which he
alone is entitled to, unless his partner had given his pre
wious sanction.
IsTiFA, corruptly, ISTEyAFAH, H. (A. Uं…) Resigning an
appointment, relinduishing a charge or possession , a deed
of abandonment : settling, satisfying, paying or receiving
all that is due upon an account.
Jstaphd, Hindi (झुस्तफा) Istiphd, Tel. (९9&2.०ंT) A deod
of relinguishment, such as is usually executed by Zamin
dars on giving up their lands.
Zstif#-#-asl-2amin, H. (Jº-७; UA4l Uं…l) Relinguishment
of an estate held khds, or by the state.
ISTIFSAR, H. (A. J५~～~') Induiry, interrogation.
7stifºdrt, H. (.s,५~ं~') The statement of a prosecutor,
Subject to investigation.
ISTIFTA, H. (A. Uं…) Consulting a Mohammadan lawyer,
calling for the fatrud, or opinion of the Mohammadan law
officer of a court.
ISTit HA:A, H. (A. Ad'ं॰') Demanding justice, preferring a
complaint.
ISTIH KA K, H. (A. ८;'ं…\, from G=) Demanding one's
right, demanding justice : in law, a claim set up to the
।subject of a deed or contract by a person not a party to it.
IsrrHI.AP, H. (A. -sl-'~') Causing to swear ; applied espe
cially in law to cases in which the oath of a wife is neces
sary for the establishment of a fact relating to her marriage.
Isri HI.AL, A. (J'~～～~') lit, Making lawful ः in law, the
cry of a new-born child, the occurrence of which is ne
cessary of proof in a peculiar case of inheritance, as if
a man die leaving a widow pregnant, and a brother ; then
if proof be given that the cry of the child was heard, and
should it then die, the widow, as its mother, will inherit ;
if no cry has been heard, the brother is heir.
ISTI HSAN, H. (A. J'~~～~') Taking as a favour, approwing :
in law, a favourable construction or interpretation of a
point of law, deviating from the strict letter of the law
in kindness either to suitors or to the community.
ISTrKALA, H. (A. Ajं.०l) Reguiring any one to cancel an
agreement, or to give up a bargain.
*2I
IST
monious reception of a person of distinction, coming out
of a town in procession to meet him.
ISTI KLAL, H. (A. Jं…') Absolute authority, confirmation
of possession, perpetuity.
ISTIKRAR, H. (A. 9],ं…) Confirmation.
ISTiI.A, A. ('AG.~l) Victory, power, subjection to authority
by conguest, which, according to Mohammadan law, con
veys a right of making the captives slaves.
ISTiLAD, A. (e'ं…\, from A)) Claim of oftspring made by
a man who has a child born to him of a female slave,
which he acknowledges as his own : the formal clain and
acknowledgment are necessary to establish legally the pa
ternity of the child.
ISTIMAA, H. (A. 8५……)) Hearing : in law, hearsay evidence,
indirect testimony, receivable only in particular cases, and
under certain restrictions.
ISTIMRAR, or ISTAM RAR, corruptly, ISTEMERAR, H. &c. (A.
)*ं…), इस्तमराग्) ISTIMIRARU, Tel. (Gं७.२०० ॐ०)
Continuance, perpetuity : a farm or lease granted in per
petuity by gowernment or a Zamindar, at a stipulated rent,
and exempt from abrodbs ; such a lease granted in charity
at a guit-rent.
Istimrdri, in some dialects Istamrdrt, corruptly, Istemc
rary, H. (A. ५-9)* ~') Permanent, perpetual ; applied
especially to a permanent settlement of the rewenue, and
particularly to the settlement of the lower provinces made
by the government of Lord Cornwallis.
Istimrdr-ddr, (from P. 9le, who has) The holder of a per
petual farm or lease.
Jstimrdr{-dihat, H. (from dihait, willages) Willages lleld on
a permanent or perpetual tenure.
Istimrdr4-jamd, H. (from e**-, revenue) Fixed or per
petual assessment or rent.
7stimrdri.jot, H. (from ५-9-, cultivation) A fixed or per
manent tenure.
Jstimir(tr-kirdmam, Tam. (26fugualprrrणैeीणricta)
A willage permanently settled.
Jstimrdrā-mdlijusdri, H. (from P. ८.४9';J५२) Permanent or
perpetual revenue.
=
Istimrdrā-patta, H. (from ५, a lease) A lease or farm
granted at a permanent rent, a perpetual lease.
Istimrdri-pattaddr, H. 9eं .3)*~)) Holder of a
lease of lands at a perpetual rent.
8 L
 IST IZA

ISTIRDAD, H. (A. ol9*.)) Demanding or ordering resti or store : it is also applied to public servants borme on
tution of any thing, whether given, pledged, or Sold. one establishment and employed on another, or additional
Istirddd-i-nildm, H. (from •' ं,
sale by auction) Reversal or extra servants added for a time to a public office
of a public sale. Itlak-nacis, H. (from P. U~:ys) The officer who keeps the
ISTIHsHAD, H. (A. e५*ं…l) Taking evidence, summoning account of the expense and fees on the issue of sum
witnesses. monses ः formerly an accountant attached to the revenue
ISTISNAA, A. (a५~～~') Reduisition to work ; forced labour. collector, who wrote orders for the payment of revenue
ISTRf, H. &c. (-9*~', इस्त्री, from S. स्तृ, to spread) A smooth and other purposes, and kept an account of the fees paid to
ing iron ; also the act of ironing linen. the peons, the surplus of which, above their wages, went
Istr{ncdild, H. &c. (५), ५.9*~') An ironing man, one who to the credit of government.
irons linen. Itlakh-nematth, Mar. (इतलाख नेमगूक) A fixed annual pay
ISTUvA,or IsruvU,Tel. (Gं, व्ं9ं७) Property, estate. ment from a public treasury or store. _

ISU KABHU MI, Tel. (3)ंCsंOs२०) Sandy soil. ITTI HAM, H. (A, ,५il)
Suspecting something bad : in law,
iswARA, S. &c (ईश्वर) A lord, a master : a name of Siva, a charge, an imputation.
especially in the form of a Linga, and used in composition IvEJrTU-GAIApU, Tam. (?)66-leºlºco०corTG) Statement
as Somesicara, the snara or ILinga set up originally shewing the amount of the collections and balance in
by Soma : the eleventh year of the cycle. money and kind.
ITAKUTI, ITAKUTIvAN, or ITAKKoRUvAN, pronouncedas ifthe fvUsrANivAst, Tam. (गि6-LarTCर्गLLita) A grant of a pro
t were d, IDARUpt &c. Mal. (ं2scoas), ं2scoasheoprit), portion or per-centage on any branch of land revenue
६2s6)ee6apgºo-Jrt) An under tenant. which fluctuates with the improvement or deterioration of
iTA KALLU, Tel. (ॐॐsं) The fermented juice of the date the produce.
tree, todd/. iwAZ, vernacularly, IwAJ, corruptly, EBAJ and EwAJ, II.
irr, Mar. (ईति) Ben. (बॆउि) Mal. (०(o०(ंी) A common (A. ०3;*) Eguivalent, exchange, reguital.
term for seven national plagues or calamities-drought, fica3-ndna, H. (P. 4-०७) A deed of exchange.
excessive rain, rats, locusts, parrots,legal oppression, foreign IvAwAN, Tam. (?)LL6-Gr) An outcaste, a worker in
invasion. leather and skins, a drummer.

ITIRAF, A. (-9ंl) Restraining one's senses, applied espe IZAFA, or IZAFAT, wernacularly, IJAPHA or IJAPHAT, cor
cially to a practice of pious Mohammadans who spend a ruptly, EZAFA, EZAFUT, EZAPUT, H. &c. (A. ँ3-3',
great part of the month RamaZān in a mosgue engaged इजाफत) Increase, augmentation ; any increase in the
in prayer and meditation. amount of revenue received from a country, whether from
ITLAA, H. (A. gºtel) ITTELA, Hindi (इवेला) Making known, improved or additional cultivation, or from an enhanced rate
information. of assessment ; increase of revenue from any additional
Itl44, or Itteld-ndma, H. (from &०७) A notice, a sum sources; grant of an entire village, granted rent-free as
mons, a citation : a notice served on cultivators when they an extra allowance to the chief hereditary willage or dis
fall in arrears, threatening them with an attachment if trict officer.

not paid by a given time.
ITLA K, H. (A. J'el, lit., liberating, setting free) In Hin
dustan, the office and records of summonses, and fees on
their delivery, Under the Mohammadan government, fees
paid by suitors on the decision of their causes ; also, a
fee exacted from a defendant as wages for a peon stationed
over him as soon as a complaint was preferred against
him.
ंfa-beshi, H. &c. (c*.५ &$U3|) General increase in the
rate of assessment.
&gfat.jamd, or, vernacularly, Ijaphat-jamd, Mar. (ञ्जाफत
जमा) Additional or extra receipts of various kinds, as
from money realiZed by government from the sale of pre
sents, or from the seguestration ofestates and appropriation
of the revenue ; also, money received into the treasury of
one district, and credited to another. Under the Peshwa's

Itldkh, for Itl4ं, Mar. (इतलाख) Issued from a public government, an aFSumption or appropriation of revenue
treasury, payment in money or kind from such a treasury by the Sirsubadars in the southern provinces in addition
222
 IZA
to the revenue they were to pay to the state: Under
the Gaikwar’s government, the additional annual revenue
raised from the net receipts of the districts, from arrears of
unpaid charges, and from loans. In Puraniya, an item in
the IWastabaid, the specification of the rent to be paid by
the Ryots for the current year.
Jjdphat-indm-gdom, Mar. (इजापतत इनाम गवि ) An entire
willage granted rent-free to IDesmukhs and Despāndyas, JADi D, H. (A. APA-) New, modern: as applied to a Ryot,
as an additional remuneration.
Ajaphdjamin, Hindi (इजाफाजमीन) Land relet or taken JADo, H. (*५-) One of the two castes in a village em
into cultivation by the Ryots for the current year, an item
in the IIastabttd, or willage rent-roll.
I2HAR, H. &c. (A.)५sl) vermacularly IJHAR. Making mani
fest, publishing : a deposition or declaration in court, an
affidavit, any statement made by the parties or witnesses in
a suit.
३hari, H. (.9५el) Relating to a deposition, issued upon
a deposition, (an order, &c) a deponent.
Jंhdr-naris, H. (P. U~**) A writer of depositions, an
officer of the court who takes down depositions &c.
73!4r-saldmi, H. (from •'~, a compliment) A fee paid
by a person who makes a statement or deposition before a
Subordinate officer of police, an unauthorised charge.
IZN, A (७d) Leave, licence: in law, permission granted by
a master to a slave to engage in business or trade.
IZrrRARI-ZABH, A. (Aं -99a4) Slaughtering an animal
irregularly or accidentally, or by a wound inflicted any
where except the throat.
iZZAr, H. (A. ५-*) Honour, credit, reputation, character.
#2at-a:dr, A. ()'g' ५-9*) lit., Honour to the traditions ;
but used in some places, even by Hindus, as the heading
of an official paper, in any language, without their know
ing the meaning of the words.
J
JA B, or JABr, H. (५-५-, J'ी-) The muZZle of an ox.
JAB, Ben. (ख्रिीद) A mixture ofcut straw, oil-cake, and water,
for feeding cattle ; earth wetted to construct a wall with.
JABALI, Ben. (ञ्जiवiनि) Rice growing, and not in ear.
JABJDI, H. (.**+) A sort of rice cultivated in Rohilkhand.
JABrA, Mar. (जाबता, from A. Ale:५3) A law, a regulation, JAGA, or JAGA, H. (७५-, Uं-) A division of the Bhat tribe,
a Statute.
JAcHA,Ben.(जीप्रl) Appraising,valuing,examining,(goods&c)
Jachanddr, Ben. (ख्रिीष्म्मोक्) An appraiser, a valuerः in the
time when factories for piece goods were maintained an
228
JAG
officer for the purpose of valuing them formed part of the
establishment.
Jachandari, IBen. (ख्रिीष्मोद्भी) The office of an appraiser.
JADDI, H. (A. ५.*-, from Jad, A4-, an ancestor, a grand
father) Ancestral, paternal, ancestral or hereditary estate.
JADDIGAM U, Tel. (ंxं००) A sowing machine.
(cउळ०) Assessment of land, rewenue, land tax.
JADI, Karn.
one newly settled in a village.
ployed in menial offices: in some places it is eduivalent to
Sitdra.
JADON, H. (७;-५- from S. 3/ddaca, यादव, a descendant of
Wadu, यदु) A tribe of Rajputs who are found in conside
rable numbers about Agra and Mathura, in the central
Doab, and in eastern Malwa, as landholders and cultivators ः
the Raja of Karaoli is of this tribe: they profess to be
descendantsof Krishna : some of their subdivisions are held
in little esteem, and are termed Bagrfs by their neighbours;
but they are spirited farmers and rising in wealth and con
sideration.
JADU, Karn. (eउळ)ॐ०) Unripe ears of corn left to ripen after
the ripe ones are cut.
JADU, H. (P. *e५-) Magic, conjuring, fortune-telling.
J4datjar, H. (P.9%०५-) A magician, a conjuror, a fortune
teller.
JADwA, Mar.(जङ्गमा) A jeweller, a setter of gems.
JADwAL, JUDwUL, H. (A. J;e-) Lines ruled in a book ;
a board or card with threads fastened across it, to serve
as lines to write upon when the board is placed underneath
the paper.
Jadical-kashi, H. (P. J* ) Drawing lines.
JAPARI, corruptly JAFFitv, H. (A. ८.3,ंश्-) Lattice-work,
a sort of screen of interwowen grass or reeds.
JAG, Mar. (जाग, S. जागरणं, wigil) Riotous vigils, on the
tenth night after the death of a Stidra dying suddenly, by
his family, to compel the spirit to enter the body of his
son, or some other person, and reveal any secret matter
desired to be known : any bustle or stir in a house or
village at festivals.
also called Jagdbhdt : see IBlidt.
JAGANBANSI, H. (_s“ंी-) A tribe of Brahman Zamindars
in the Fattehptit Zilla.
JAGALyA, Mar. (जागल्पा) JAGLA, Gu2. (जाग्ला) A watch
 JAG
_
man, a village watchman, a man of the Mhār or other
low tribe employed in that capacity.
Jagaly{, Mar. (जागस्यी) Jai/li, Gu2. (जागली) The office of
watchman, the fees paid him.
.JAGAT, H. (S. ५-*-- जगत्) The world.
Jagatkarttai, H. &c. (S. एं,ं-) The maker or creator
of the world.
Jagannatha, vernacularly Jaganndth, corruptlyJu10ermaut,
H. &c. (S.जगन्नाय, the t of Jagat changed to n before the
n of ndith, lord) Lord of the world, a name especially ap
pliedto K?’isluga in the form in whichhe is worshipped at the
temple of Jagannath at JPuri in Orissa.
JAGAT, Ben., Mar. (ख्रि?tls, जगात, vermacular corruption of
the A. 2ah4t, इ' ँ;, alms) Custom, toll, duty on goods, a
contribution collected amongst the villagers for a religious
celebration.
Jagdit-dār, or Jagdity4, Mar. (जगातदार, जगात्या) A custom
house officer, a collector or farmer of custom : see Jakat.
JAGArr, Karn. (ध्छव्)K&3) A gong, a circular plate of sono
rous bell-metal.
Jagati-d48ari, Karn. (ध्छव्)K83G०००) A sort of religious
mendicant in Mysore, who beats a gong as he parades the
streets of a town.
JAGGERy, JAGGREE, JAGGORw, JAGoRy, (a corruptiom of
the Kanarese Sharhare, ॐं- ं, from the S. Sarhard,
शकैरा, whence perhaps the English, Sugar) Sugar in its
unrefined state, or the juiceinspissated byboiling, and poured
into moulds, where it is allowed to dry in the form of
pyramidal balls ; clayed or candied sugar : also an inferior
Sugar made from the inspissated juice of the date and va
rious kinds of palms.
JAGfR, also, allowably, JAIGf R, corruptly, JAGHEER, JA
GHIRE, JAEGHEER, H. (P.J.४५-, A*५-) JAGiR, JAHotR,
JAHAGf R, Mar. ( जागीर्, जाहगीणः, जाहागीर्) Karn.
(&ञ्छ?\९ं9) lit., Taking or occupying (gir) a place or
position (jd, or.jdi). A tenure common under the Moham
madan gowernment, in which the public rewenues of a
given tract of land were made ower to a servant of the
state, together with the powers reguisite to enable him to
collect and appropriate such revenue, and administer the
general government of the district. The assignment was
either conditional or unconditional ; in the former case,
some public service, as the levy and maintenance of troops,
or other specified duty, was engaged for : the latter was
left to the entire disposal of the grantee. The assignment
224
JAG
was either for a stated term, or, more usually, for the life
time of the holder, lapsing, on his death, to the state, al
though not unusually renewed to his heir, on payment of a
na2ardma, or fine, and sometimes specified to be a hereditary
assignment; without which specification it was held to be
a life-tenure only : Ben. Reg. xxxvii. 1798. cl. I5. A
Jagfr was also liable to forfeiture on failure of perform
ance of the conditions on which it was granted, or on
the holder’s incurring the displeasure of the emperor. On
the other hand, in the inability of the state to vindicate
its rights, a Jagfr was sometimes converted into a per
petual and transferable estate ; and the same conseguence
has resulted from the recognition of sundry Jagfrs as he
reditary by the British government after the extinction of
the native governments by which they were originally
granted ; so that they have now come to be considered as
family properties, of which the holders could not be right
fully dispossessed, and to which their legal heirs succeed,
as a matter of course, without fine or masardna, such
hawing been silently dispensed with. This is particularly
the case in the Maratha territories, in which, when first con
quered, Jāgfr grants were found to be numerous, reduci
ble to three classes-1. those held by descendants of the
original ministers of the Rajas, as the Pratinidhi and the
JPradhdms, prior to the usurpation of the Peshwa, but con
tinued, in some instances, under his rule ; 2. those held
by military chiefs, on condition of service, some of whom
have held their fiefs from the time of the Mohammadan
monarchies ; and 8. those held under grants from the
Peshwas, generally Brahmans or Marathas of low family :
they were all allowed to retain their' lands on the prin
ciple of securing their services on a moderate scale, pre
serving the sowereignty of the British government entire,
and interference with the chiefs on extraordinary occasions
only. With regard to the Jagfr in general, the especial
object and character of the grant was commonly specified
by the designation attached to it, as in the following ex
amples: see also Ben. Regs. xxxwii. 1799. xlii. l79ं.
xxxwi. 1808. xiii. I825. Bomb. Reg. xvii. l827. x. cl.
88. Reg. wi. l883. The term is also in use, although
with some license, to designate temporary grants, allow
ances, or stipends, from the government to individuals.
Jagir-i-alisham, H. (from A. •५--', q .w) Lands granted
for the maintenance of troops.
J4/gir-amal, Mar. (जाह्गीर् अमल) The share of the re
 JAG JAI

venue claimed by the Moghul government for the excheguer
on certain holders of Jagirs after deducting the Maratha
Chauth, and another fourth, or 2छ per cent., for the I'a५jddr.
Under the Peshwa and the British government it denotes,
in some districts, the right to the revenue which remains
after deducting the Sardes-mukhi and Chauth ; in others
after deducting the Mukhdisa portion of the Chauth only.
•Jagir-i-bakhsh{, H. (P. LAsः, ५. v) An assessment for
the support of the Paymaster Generalor Commander-in-chiefः
•Jaigir-dindm{, H. (P. _'** , ५. v.) The grant of the col
lection of the rewenues of Bengal, IBehar, and Orissa to the
Company.
Jagir-khidmat{, H. (from c-~०A5-, service) Assignment
Jagirdari, H. (P. ५.9le, having) The possession or rights
of the holder of a Jagir.
Jaijir- or Jdjir-dairi-sanad, H. (A. AA.) The deed or pa
tent under which a Jai/ir was granted under the Moham
madan government.
JAGLArs, H. (J'$५-) A tribe of Jats.
JAHANNAM, H. (A. (*५-) The Mohammadan hell, of which
seven divisions are enumerated, appropriated severally to
wicked Mohammadans, to Christians, Jews, Sabaeans, Gebrs,
idolaters, and hypocrites.
JAHAN-PANAH, H. (P. s५ ७५-) Asylum of the world ; a
term of respectful address to a sovereign, or to a person
of rank.

of land to village servants and officers. JAHi M, H. (A. *५-) One of the seven Mohammadan hells,
•767fr-mahail, H. (P. J'~*) A district assigned. that destined for idolaters.
•Jdgir-mashritt, orsharti, H. (A. 'e:A-०,or ७9“ , stipulated) JAHi R, Mar. (जाहीणं) Public, notorious, made public, pro
A Jagir granted with conditions. claimed : see 2alir.
Jagir-1hair-mashrit, or bil4-shart, H. (A. 'e;9*-९)**, JAEiZ, JAIEZ, H. (P.GA५--) Woman's property, whatever
'e* }५) An unconditional or absolute assignment. she takes with her to her husband’s house, as westments,
•74gir-i-namrdrd, H. (H. 9'; , a barge) An assignment for jewellery, furniture, &c. ; dowry, marriage-portion. lt
the expense of keeping up an establishment of boats by also occurs as an Arabic noun, JAHAZ, or JIHAZ 9५*-)
the Nawab of IDacca in former times. JAH NU-SAPTAMi, S. (जहुसमी) The seventh of Waisākh, when
Jdgir-saranjdm{, Mar. (P. 'ं2,*५, materials, property) An a festival is observed in honour of Jahnu, the parent of
assignment for a specified purpose, as J'auj-saranjdmā Jahnavi, or the Ganges so called.
.74gir, an assignment for the eguipment of troops. JA-,ि JwE, H. (Jº-) Oats, introduced by the English, but
Jagir--sar, or sir, H. (P. A५, H._A~) Assignment for the name was before applied to a small species of barley ;
the support of an establishment. also, as Jayf, to shoots of barley reared artificially at the
Jagir-si/tirglidl, H. (P. J५#99}~) An assignment exempt JDashard festivad : see.Ja/. In some parts of the north-west
from any conditions, or for charitable purposes. provinces oats are called Itdin-jatu-the barley of Itatma.
.76gir-i-sarhdr, H. (P. 99“; chief authority) The tract JAIDAD, less correctly, JAEDAD, corruptly, Jw DAAD, H. (P.
originally granted to the Company by the Nawab of the ५*५-; place, position, and ele, what gives) A place, em
Carnatic, as an assignment for the maintenance of their ployment : assets, funds, resources, an estate, property : the
troops. means or capabilities of any district in respect of revenue :
-74gir--thdnajat, H. (५-५-4ं' ं, plural of AG' ं) An assign an assignment of the revenues of a tract of land for the
ment for the support, of police stations or thatnas, or for maintenance of an establishment, or of troops, granted for
that of a local militia. life, but very commonly with permitted succession to the
-7agir-i-tam, H. (P. JP, the body) An assignment for per next-of-kin, sometimes with a rent reserved.
sonal support, usually unconditional, but sometimes reduir Jaiddd-ghair-manktila, H. (A. *ं;ं--'As) Immoveable pro
ing personal service. perty.
-74gir-i-3dit, H. (A. ee-ºle, person) Jagir.jati, or .jata, Jaidaid-istinardri, H. (.*9]*५~', perpetually) An assign
Mar. (जात, for ५“-' ं) An assignment for personal support, ment of revenue in perpetuity, with a reservation of a
or sometimes reduiring personal Service. certain amount of rent, and of other gowernment claims.
.74jird4r, H. (P. ०le, who holds) The holder of any as Jaiddd-mankaila, H. (A. 4;**०) Moweable property.
signment of rewenueः for his powers in the Bombay Pre Jaiddd-mauritsi, H. (A. _'ु~) Ancestral or hereditary
sidency, see Bomb. Reg. xiii. l830, and Act xiii. l842. property.
225 3 M
 JAI JAL

_ ७*9) Arable land.

.7diddd-2amin, H. (A.
JAi FA, A. (&3a७-) A wound, a stab, one of the kinds pu
nishable by fine.
JAiL, H. (U५७-) Twice-ploughed land (Western Rohilkhand).
JAINA, or JAIN, S. (जेन) The name of a religion differing
from Hinduism, the worship of certain deified mortals,
.Wimas or Tirthankaras; a follower of that religion, whether
clerical or secular. Jains are met with in considerable
willage, to which functionary the title is conseguently also
applied : see Hajamdma.
JARAT, Mar. (जकात्) JAKATI, JAKAwATr, Karn. (agठव्3.
&४०व्)०999) Customs, duties ; land or transit duties espe
cially, as opposed to sea customs º see also Jagdt.
Jakditddr, Mar. (from P. )le) Collector of customs, either
the government officer or a farmer.
Jakdyati-Guttije, Karn. (४ठद्ध०ऽ०8%3.7ं) A contract

numbers, especially among the merchants and bankers in for custom-house duties. -9

Central and Western India : they are not uncommon in JA KERI, JAkiRI, &c., Karn. (श्d०9, agठै९०) A store, a

Bengal, or in the Dakhin. hoard. _9

JAis, H. (U~५५-) A tribe of Rajputs of the solar branch, Jaheri-khame, Karn. ( a४ठंbaऽढyत्ॐ) A storehouse, a ware

residing principally about Mathura. house.

JAITi, JwTEE, also JAICHf, JwCHEE, H. (.े, ७*+) JAKERE-D'HANyA, Karn. ( ंठै०ञ्ळ,७8) Name of an ad

A species of Euphorbia which grows in the north-western
provinces, and yields an excellent oil.
JAISwAR, H. (9';“*+) A tribe of inferior Jaidobams Rāj
puts in the Central IDoab.
JAIswARA, corruptly, JAsAwARA and JUswAit, H. ()'x॰५-)
A name given to subdivisions of low-caste tribes, from
their having come originally from the town of./ais, in
Oudh.
JAI wAR, Hindi (जैवार) The head inhabitants of a village.
(Puraniya). _ streets, or wash refuse, in search of lost money or valuables.
JAiZ, H. (A.}{५-) Current, passing, legal, lawful, authoriZed :
in law, the term is applied to such contracts as may be
dissolved at the pleasure of either party.
JAJMAN, JUJMAN, corruptly, Jr.JMAN, H. &c. (J५े, S.
पञ्जमान:) A person who employs and fees Brithmans for
the performance of any Solemn or religious ceremony : as
it is not unusual for the relation between the employer
and those employed to become hereditary, the latter come
to regard the former as their ptapils or clients, and claim
as their right or due the fees that are to be paid on such
occasions, although they should not perform the ceremonies :
from religious, the term passed to very miscellaneous re
lations, and barbers, washermen, and sweepers claim, in
some parts of Hindustan, a prescriptive or hereditary right
to be employed and paid by certain individuals, whom
they therefore style their Jajindns ; and Glidititts and
ditional cess in Mysore, imposed in place of a payment
in grain.
JALA, JAL, JULU, or JUL, (adopted in all the dialects, from
the S. जलं) Water.
Jala, H. (4-) A lake.
Jaladirya, S. &c. (जलदिव्यं) The oath or ordeal of water.
Jalagadu//u, Tel. (adexं97०) Washing sand or soil for
diamond or gold dust.
Jala//(tra, Karn. (age)7त्व्ॐ) A caste of persons who sweep the
Jala//dra-//utta, Karn. (age)7त्ळ6x०6.) A tax on persons
employed in searching or washing for money or valuables.
Jal4ri, or Jaladdr{, Karn. (83Cग्व्०, ade) व्यव्O) A drain,
a kennel, a gutter.
Jal48a, Jalasu, (४.७-, from S. Asaya, स्राशय, receptacle)
A pool, a reservoir, a tank.
Jalasamhalpa, (जलसंकल्प:) Ratification of an agreement or
a promise by pouring water upon the hand of the per
son with whom the agreement is made, or to whom the
promise is given.
Jalchar, Jalchar, H. &c. (9*, from S. चर, what moves)
Any aduatic animal.
Jalchhatra, Ben. (जलाश्रय) A temporary shed, where water
and other refreshments are supplied gratuitously to pas
sengers in the hot weather.
Jalijanda, Ben. (जल*t७) Land under water, a swamp, a

others, who conduct parties of pilgrims to Benares or marsh.

other Sacred places, give the same name to all those to Jalhd, Hindi (जलहा) Inundation.
whom they act as guides. In the south of India, ITajindn .7ali, IBen. (खलि) A kind of rice.
or Ijindn commonly denotes a householder, especially one Jallid, or Jelka, (?) Ben- A long narrow boat or canoe
of respectability, and who is often the head man of the used by river robbers.
220
 JAL
Jalkar, Julhur, corruptly, Jelcora, H. (A4-, from S. जलं,
water, कर, kara, tax or toll) Profits or rents derived from the
water, lakes, ponds, or the like, upon a tract of country or an
estate, with the right of fishing, and of cultivating the beds
if dry.
Jalkhdj/d, Hindi (जलखाया) Dried up, parched, (soil, &c.) ;
lit., the moisture of which is eaten by the Sun : also
•Jalijaiya, water-gone, &c.
Jalmudrg, Mar. (S. जलमार्गे) lit., The water-way, sea customs.
Jalmandir, Mar. (S. जलमन्दिरं) A water-house, a summer
house in the midst of water ; or Subterraneous apartments
constructed on the bank of a river.
Jalotsarg, H. (S. ५5-9~ं;kº-- from Utsarga, letting go) The
typical marriage of a newly-dug well or piece of water ;
the bridegroom being personated by a man holding the
sālagrām stone, and the bride by another holding an
image : see Banotsar0a.
•7alpad, Julpud, H. (A:५-) ILand recowered from water or
sea, and brought into cultivation.
Jalpde, Uriya (१)R9|१) A water vesse : a name given
in Cuttack to scattered patches of land subject to inun
dation.
Jalp4n, Julpam, Ben. (S. अल१ीम, from S. पानं, drink
ing) Drinking water, any slight or occasional refresh
ment, breakfast, luncheon.
.7altarpan, Julturpun, H. &c. (७५*-- from S. तपॆणं)
Presentation of water to the gods and manes, part of a
Hindu's daily devotions.
Jalthal, Julthul, H. (c) ं 9-) Land and water, or land
partly under water.
JALAwATI, H. (._ं;"-) Plmigration.
JAL, H. &c. (S. J4-) A net.
.7aili, H. (J५-) A net or bag of twisted rope for holding
grass, Straw, or fodder, and tied to the mouth of a bul
lock for his feeding while at work : a muZ2le.
•7aliya, IBen. (छीलिपi) A fisherman, a bird or beast catcher
by nets.
JAL, H. (A. d)--) Forgery, counterfeit.
Jalkdjha’, H. (from A. _;es, paper) A forged paper or docu JAMA, vernacularly, JAMA, or JAME, corruptly, JAM MA,
ment. JUMyrA, H. (A. ॰-) Mar. (जमा) Ben.(शभi) Tel, (a४ंOTC)
Jalsds, H. (from P. ;५“, making) A forger, a counterfeiter. Karn. (&ंOGo, &४ं७) Amount, aggregate, total in ge
.7alsd2i, H. (.9५~***-) Forging, counterfeiting.
JALA, H. &c. (S. }५-) A large water-jar.
JALA, Ben. (ख्रिील1, from S. ज्वाला) Burning, combustion,
flame.
227
JUM
Jalam, Ben. (ख्रिीलन्तः) Kindling, lighting, as a lamp or fire:
Uriya, (१MR१) Fuel.
Jalchaukid, Uriya, A watch or guard over land supplying
fuel for the manufacture of salt.
Jalit, Mar. (जव्ठीत, corruption of Mar. and S. ज्वलित, lit.,
burned) Applied to money &c., extorted or lost, or not likely
to be realiZed, as, to a fine imposed to counterbalance a gain
supposed to have been made fraudulently, to a loss incurred
through mismanagement, or to an oppressive and extortionary
exaction ; also, more literally, to injury suffered by fire, and
the head under which remissions of rent or revenue are
charged on account of losses by fire.
Jalit-bak{, Mar. (जठ्ठीतबाकी, from ५*५, remainder) Money
due, especially from the Ryots, given up as irrecoverable.
Jalit-khat, Mar. (जठ्ठीतखत) A bond or note which has
been cashed, also one the amount of which is given up as
never likely to be realiZed.
Jailpdi, Uriya, (१NIR9l2२) Fuel : lands assigned for the
salt-boilers: allowance made to Zamindars in Orissa for
the fuel cut from their lands for salt-boilers.
JALA, (?) Beds in which rice is grown before it is trans
planted (Chittagong)ः perhaps from Jail, a net or lattice,
from the position of the beds.
JALAD, H. (A. ek-) JALLAD, Ben. (जालीन) An executioner,
a hangman•
JALALIA, JULALEA, H. (५!}-) Afine species of wheat with
reddish ears (Sāgar).
JALIGUTTA, Karn. (eठव्)ं)KSठै.) A tax on the cultivators
for the leaves of the Jali, or whitethorn tree, browsed on
by the cattle (Mysore).
JALM, H. (A-) Jalma, Karn. (&#9.) Birthright, right
in the soil (Sāgar) : a vernacular corruption of Janm,
G• w.
JALUS, H. (A. U~*-- from C~५-, sitting) The accession
of a sovereign to his throne, his sitting on the masnad.
.7ala4sं, H. (Je“**-) The year or date reckoned from a
prince's accession.
JAM, H. &c. (P. •५-) A cup, a goblet.
neral, but applied especially to the debit or receipt side
of an account, and to the rental of an estate ; also to the
total amount of rent or revenue payable by a cultivator
or a Zamindar, including all cesses, as well as land-tax :
 JAM
latterly it is more especially applied to the revenue as
sessed upon the land alone : its special application is
commonly defined by the term with which it is com
। pounded, as, A8al-jamad, 4in:jand, IBdsiःjamd, Istim
rdri.jamd, &c., g. w. : see also Beng. Regs. i. l708. i. ii.
xxvii. 1795. xxiii. 1808. wii. 1822. &c. ; Acts i. 1841. iv.
1846. &c. ; Mad. Regs. xxv. I802. ii. I800. ; Bomb. Reg.
xvii. 1827. &c.
Jama-bandi, Jamabandi, H. &c. (.sodंश्A4-, जमार्षदी, from
Band, a binding) Settlement of the amount of revenue
assessed upon an estate, a village, or district ; a village
or district remt-roll ; a register of the willage holdings;
a statement exhibiting the particulars of the public revenue,
its amount, and how assessed ; annual settlement of re
venue with cultivators, or Ryotwarf settlement : an annual
statement, modified according to the circumstances under
which the revenue is paid, whether by individuals or com
munities, and whether to a Zamindar or to the gowern
ment. In Bengal, the Jama-bandi shews the name of the
Ryot, his tenure, the duality of his land, its extent, the
rate per bijhd, and the total rent formerly, inclusive of
all extra cesses, paid to the Zamindar. In the north-west
prowinces it is a document intended to regulate the trans
actions between the cultivators and Lambardārs, and is
the basis of the Patwarf's annual accounts ; being, in the
first instance, drawn up and attested by the Patwftrf and
Kanungos, and then signed by the settlement officer : it is a
tabular statement specifying the number of the division
of the village, the name of the cultivator, the names of
his fields, their survey number, their extent by survey
and by willage measurement, any lands not included in
their area, those liable to assessment, the rate of assess
ment per b{{/hd, rate payable in cash or in kind, the
total produce, the share of the cultivators, the share of
the landlord, the payment according to estimated value of
the crops, shewing the kind of crops, their estimated value,
and the share of the government, the fees of the Patwftrf,
in cash or in kind, the willage charges and expenses, the
total value of the produce in money or in kind, and a
column for remarks. (The form is given in the original
in the Appendix to the Directions for Settlement Officers,
issued by the Agra government in I844, and its trans
lation in the Settlement Misl, or Supplement to the Di
rections, Agra, I847.) Although, however, in these in
stances the term has a Specific application, it is useable
228
JAM
in a variety of relations to statements of revenue assess
ment.
Jama-bandā-khd8, H. (from A. ००े- select) Account of
revenue assessment of lands in charge of an officer of the
government; one of the village accounts formerly kept
by the Kanungo.
Jama-bandi-nalidi, H. (from A. Aं) Assessment of re
venue of lands payable in money, not in produce.
Jama-bandi-pat{{, Mar. (जमाबंदीपट्टी) A document formerly
furnished by the collector of a district to the Pattl of a
willage, on settling the amount of revenue to be paid by
the village for the ensuing year, Specifying the amount,
and the consent of the willagers.
Jam6-band4-tārappu, Tam. (Guarr-lरृंठीरृणtºn-) Par
ticulars of a rewenue settlement.
Jama-bandi, or -bastā-tashkhts, H. (A. ca.º-***) Amount
of revenue assessed upon any tract agreeably to a fixed
standard.
4sdmi-ncdrºjandbandi, H. (from J४-५~', a cultivator) Ac
count of revenue assessment settled with each individual
cultivator : also, Itaiat-7odrºjamdbandं,
Jinsmodrºjamabandi, H. (A. O~3-, an article) Account
of revenue assessed at certain rates, according to the pro
duce or crops raised.
Khetrirºjandhandi, H. (from e-A4% S. क्षेच, a field)
Account of rewenue assessed at a certain rate per field.
JKismmcdr.jamabandi, H. (A. ~5 , kind, sort) Statement
of revenue assessed at certain rates, according to the kind
or guality of the soil.
Jam6-ber{j, H. (P. ं)*; an account) Particular statement
of a revenue assessment.
Jamd-chandina, H. (P. ७५.ु’-, such, so many) Collections
or revenue from miscellaneous Sources.
Jama-dehditi, H. (P. ४o, a village) Settlement of the pro
portion of rewenue to be paid by each willage severally.
Jamdi, corruptly, Jummaee, H. c***-) Fiscal, financial ;
liable or Subject to rewenue, as land, &c. ; a cultivator
paying a fixed.jam4, either to the landlord or to the state,
and who cannot be dispossessed as long as he pays it.
Jam4-ā-hdsil, H. (u)-०५- 8-*-) The total of the revenue
collected.
Jand.jharti, H. (८374-ह्4-; from 97क्ष्-) to flow or pass
away) Receipts and disbursements of a village or estate :
periodical return of either cash or grain.
Jam4-kadim, or Kadimā-jam4, H. (,ंeं e*+, from A.
 JAM
/**AG, old) Total amount of revenue as fixed from an old
date.
•Jam4-hdmil, or -homdl, H. (A. d).८४, J' ं, entire, per
fect) Complete, final, or standard assessment. In Bengal
the term usually denotes the settlement made by Akbar’s
financial minister, Todar Mal, also known as the Jam८1
hdmil-tumdri ः (see the next.) In the Madras provinces
it was applied to the assessment of the revenue of the
northern Sirkārs made about A. D. l512-1छे70, or to one
subseguently framed in the reign of Aalam/ir, or about
I084-1087, for the whole of the Dakhin, on the prin
ciples of Todar Wal's assessment, and accordingly, in Kan
desh it denotes the highest rate which any willage had
been made to pay, although not unfreguently falling short
of the estimated rental, or tanhlid, as calculated at an
earlier date. In Cuttack, the Jaind-kamdl applied to a
revision of the same, which then became the standard
assessment.
.Jamd-hdmil-1atmdri, H. (A.)'-9e , a roll, am account book)
The particulars of the settlement of Todar Wal, as mo
dified in Bengal by Sultan Sh५jd in I098, and Jaijir
JKhan in l722, the latter of which was carried into ope
ration by his successor Shuja Khan in I729.
Jam6-hharch, H. (A. लःA-) Receipts and disbursements ः
the debit and credit sides of an account.
JPatan (puttun ?) -jam6-hharch, A treasury account formerly
kept, shewing the monthly receipts and disbursements.
Jamd-mahdl-badraka, H. (A. AG).५, an escort) Revenue,
formerly levied as transit duties ; an account of the same
kept by the Kanungo.
Jaind-mahal-nir-behri, H. O५aA-०, harbour master) Port
duties, or an account of them.
Terijjam6-hharch, An annual treasury account of receipts
and disbursements made up from the monthly statements.
Jand-hal,H.(A.c)%all) Total amount of revenue assessment.
.Jamd-m५fassal, incorrectly, -mofassi', H. (A. c)4*०. a
country) The gross revenue to be collected in all the
villages of a Zamind:trf, as rated in the accounts, and to
be paid after deducting charges to the Zamindar.
.7amd-muharrari, H. (A.)*-९, fixed) A fixed or permanent
amount of revenue, an account formerly kept by the K6
nungo of lands permanently assessed.
•Jamd-mundsil), (A. ५--~~U.०, proper) A fair or reasonable
amount of assessment.
Jam4 nakis, H. (A. cA5७, defective) Sum total of defi
*229
JAM
ciencies, the amount of allowed deductions from the revenue
or account of public expenses borne by the Zamindars and
tenantS.
Jam6-nam’?s, H. (P. U“ं;*) An accountant.
Jam6-pddshdhi, or -baidshdhi, (P. c**a५) Rewenue lewied
under royal authority, or on account of the sovereign.
Jam4-panchgutra, H. (H. 9ं;*५) Revenue levied as cus
tomary, or ata custom-house; an accountkeptofsuch revenue.
Jamd-par//andti, H. (P. *ं9:, a district) The revenue as
sessed upon a Pargana, and payable at the district treasury.
Jand-rahmi, H. (A. *9 । writing) An estimated or com
puted total, the total amount of revenue which an estate
or district is estimated to yield.
Jand-8adr, corruptly sudder, H. (A.)e-०, chief) The re
venue assessment settled with the government direct by
the proprietors or contractors, in opposition to the Jamd
migfassal.
Jam d-taks{m, H. (A. **~ं , division) The portions of the
general rent or revenue roll belonging to different portions
of territory.
Jam d-44mdr{, also Jamd-tatmdrā-kdmil, or Jam4-ttm/irf
tashkh{s, H. (from9५०*, a roll, and U~*** , ascertained)
The settlement of the revenue according to the rent-rolls
or assessments of Todar Mal, with the subseduent modi
fications made by diferent Subahdars of Bengal, forming
the basis on which the first financial arrangements of the
English government were founded anterior to the formation
of the decennial and subseguent permanent settlement.
•7am4-samin, H. (A. ७:-9, land) Land, of which the as
sessment has been settled, or land paying revenue. As
applied to an under-tenure, it means one in which the
rewenue has been settled at a fixed rate on the land, irre
spective of cultivation (?).
Jamd-2am{nddi/%, H. 9leं9-9, a landholder) Amount ofa
revenue settled to be paid by a Zamindar to the government.
Jamd-modsil, or-nasail-bd}{, H. (A.c}~', collected, J;re: cषुं
lection, and_*५, remainder) Karn,(ंOGo२ंxग`e9थ्च्छँ)
The amount of the collections and outstanding balances ;
an account shewing the particulars of the revenue to be
paid, of the instalments discharged, and the arrears due :
see Akhir-i-jamnd-mrdsil-bdli.
Sadrºjand, H. (Kº-A~) The collections or revenue of a
permanently settled estate, as recognised by the government.
Singdi.jamd, H. (A. ५s';“० except) Revenue raised from
other sources than the land-tax.
8 N
 JAM
Jamdddr, Jumaddr, corruptly, Jemiddr, less usually, but
allowably, Jematddr, H. 9'A~*-,)'ee--~~*--) The chief
or leader of any number of persons; in military language,
a mative subaltern officer, Second to the Subahdār ; an
officer of police, customs, or excise, Second to the Darogh6;
a head domestic servant, a sort of major-domo, but un
connected with the table department : among the Ma
rathas, an officer appointed to protect the crops from the
depredations of an army and its followers.
-74md-masjid,corruptly, Jumma-musjeed, H. (A. As“*e०५-)
The principal mosgue or Mohammadan place of prayer
in a city.
Jamati, Mar. (जमाती, A. e-'श्A-, total) Additional im
posts, completing the public revenue.
JAMADI-UL-AwAL, H. (A. J;"| ८.so५--) Jamddi the first,
the first month so named, the fifth of the Mohammadan
year.
Jamddi-al-dhhir, or -as-8dni, ()ं-' ५.*e५**, ८७dl) The
last or second Jainddi, the sixth month of the Moham
madan year.
JAMAI, Ben. (छांभोर्र, S. जामातृ) JAMAT, Mar. (जामात) A
Son-in-law.
JAMATU, Tel. (aंOण्ॐ७) The place where each manu
facturer manufactures salt.
JAMBAGUTTA, Karn. (४००x०ॐ.) A tax on the long
grass called .jamba, used in thatching huts and making
mats. -
JAMBU DwfPA, S. (जम्बुद्वीप:) The island or circular con
tinent of Jambu, including India.
JAMDAR, Mar. (जामदाग्) An officer in charge of the treasure,
jewels, &c., of the head of the state ः (probably corruption
of Jamaddr).
Jdmddr-lahdnd, Mar. (जामदारखाना) The public treasury.
JAMED-ALU, Karn. (agं७८ऽव्%०) A predial slave in Kurg :
(said to be from 4lu, an individual, and.jamd, lands pay
ing revenue.
IBhatmiःjamed-du, Karn. (from S. भूमि, earth) A slave
attached to the soil, and only transferable with it.
Okkalu:jamed-4lu, Karn. (from Okkalu, 8-3श्७, a cul
tivator) A slave attached to the person of a farmer or
cultivator, and who may be either mortgaged or Sold by him.
JAMI, or JAMi N, IBen. (ऊभि , ख्भीम, from ७:-9) Land ;
see Zamin.
JAMIN, IBen. (ख्रिीगिन, from erel? JAMiN, Mar. (जामीन)
JAMUN, Mal. (६ं22)nt) A surety ः see 2dmin.
280
JAN ।
JAMNAU 'A, or JAMNAUTiA, JUMNoUTA, JUMNoUTEA, H.
(Sy***-, ५ ँ;***-) A certain consideration given to a
2dmin or surety, generally about five per cent.
JAMod, JUMoG, H. (e-%A4-) Transfer of liabilities by mu
tual consent, a conditional mortgage (Benares, &c.).
Jamogdar, H. (9A%*-) A person who lends a landed
proprietor money, and recovers it from the Ryots.
JAMOwA, H. (}*-) Indigo planted before the rains, and
irrigated by artificial means (Central Doab).
JAMtjAT, H. (cº-9A-) Foundation of a well; the festival
held on its construction.
JANALoRA, S. (जनं, a man, and लोक', a world) One of the
seven regions of the universe ; that in which pious men
or Rishis abide, after guitting the earth.
JANAB, H. (A. ५--99--) Majesty ; but used in Hindustan as
a respectful term of address to a person of rank and office,
whether native or European, Wour excellency, or Wour
worship, or, still more respectfully, Jand0-i-ddli, Wour
high eminence.
JANAI sADKA, H. (AGo-०.stं-) Alms given at the birth of
a child.
JANAJAT, H. (५-५-५-) Man by man, singly ; applied to
leases granted to each individual Ryot.
JANANi, H. (S. जननी) A mother, the actual mother of a
child, in contradistinction to a step-mother.
JANAZA, H. (A. 9७५-) A bier, a coffin, a funeral.
JANCH, H. (S. g५-) Trial, proof asSay.
JANDAULIA, JUNDoULEA, H. (५!9A4-) A small clan of
Rājputs in Banda.
JANDE, JANDEw U, Tel. (ag०G, &००७) The thread worn
by Brāhmans : see Janei.
JANDRA, JUNDRU, H. ()A3-,जंदरं) A pitchfork ; also a kind
of rake used in the north-west provinces to divide the fields
into small beds during irrigation.
JANEo, or JANEU, H. (AA-, from S. Hajnopacita) JANwEZ,
Mar. A cord or string of cotton worn ower the left shoulder,
crossing obliguely to the right hip ; the use of it is pro
perly restricted to the three primitive castes-the Brāh
man, Kshatriya, and Vaisya, of whom the first only re
mains, and it should be therefore confined to the Brāhmans ;
but it is assumed by other castes, as by the Waidyas, or
medical caste, in Bengal, and by carpenters, blacksmiths,
goldsmiths, and others, in the IDakhin.
JANGAL, JUNGUL, commonly, JUNG LE, H., and in most
dialects, (c)ं-, S. जंगल) A forest, a thicket; any tract
 JAN
owerrun with bushes or trees, or Suffered to be owerspread
with wegetation.
•7angal-buri H. (P. ८.s)?, from Je५9:, to cut) Clearing
lands of jangal ; also applied to a sort of tenure under
under which waste or forest lands were granted in absolute
property to the clearer, free of rent or revenue for a cer
tain time, at the expiration of which such part or parts
as were in cultivation were to be liable to a fixed rent
and customary imposts.-Ben. Reg. wiii. 1708. cl. 8.
Jangal-buri-tdah, H. (A. Aंlं, an estate) An estate or
tract of land overrun with jangal, held on easy terms for
a given term, on condition of its being cleared.
Jangla, or Jangli, H. (S. JA4-? 'ं-) Wild, waste,
woody, savage, any thing characteriZed by thicket, or
living in or fit for forests.
Jangal-mahal, H. (A. J=*, plural of Jeं) Forest tracts
or estates ; applied especially to the districts on the west
of Bengal, between it and Berar and Cuttack.-Ben. Reg.
w. 1800. xwiii, 1805.
Jangal-tari, or -turee, H. (P. ८.9G, moisture) Situated in JANGULI, Karn. (श्d०/०४) The cattle of the whole village.
low forest land, applied to an estate so circumstanced ः Jang/uli-{/dra, Karn. (ad०7०१?7ज्व्ॐ) One who has charge
as designating a tract of country it denotes the lands in
the north of Puraniya and Tirhut lying under the first
range of hills.
Jangali, Jangulikam, Mal. (ध्ap०००em, ध्30०g2e-ile:brt)
A snake catcher ; one also who pretends to cure snake
bites.
JANGAL, Ben. (ख्रि*?ील, उञi*?fोल) Mal. (ध्3०००0e–a०) A limit,
a boundary, a balk in rice fields to confine the water, a
dam, a dike. _ An old resident cultivator. (It is given also Karsham, but
Jangalbdndhd, Ben. (उञi*?ीलदi*थi) An embankment.
JANGAM, or JANGAMA, H. &c. ( •ं-, S. जङ्गम) Moveable,
what has life and movement, transient, moweable (as pro
perty). _ •7anjir.jdminं, corruption of 2anjir-2dminं, H. &c.
JANoAyr, Tel. (&०%०) A tailor.
JANGAMA, S. (जङ्गम, but current in the dialects, especially
of the south) The priest of the Lingayit sect, who, al
though not a Brāhman, officiates at their religious rites ः
where the population of a willage consists in any large
proportion of his disciples he is a member of the establish
ment, and holds rent-free or Inām lands, thence known as
Jangama Indim. He is sometimes domesticated in maths,
or monasteries, and otherwise is a vagrant living on alms.
JANGAR, Mar. (जांगड) Goods, especially cloths, taken from
a shop for inspection ; memorandum of goods so taken.
281
JAN
JANGHARA, JUNGHARA, H. (),५9-) A large and turbulent
tribe of Rājputs in Rohilkhand, a branch of the Tuar clan.
JANGHULARU, Karn. (plural, ag०७coco८७ , Satdras speaking
Telugu, and hawking drugs for sale.
JANGHA, Hindi (जंघा, in S. a leg) The post or uprights on
each side of the mouth of a well.
JANGHALA, Hindi (जंघला) A rate in a lease to include the
inferior crops when sown (Puraniya),
JANGI, JUNGEE, H. (P. ACA-,.jand, war, conflict) Warlike,
Guarrelsome, turbulent.
Jangi-kattubadi, H., Tel. (ं००, a peon) Militiamen,
feudal retainers, obliged, when called upon, to appear
in arms, in consideration of which they hold rent-free or
lightly-assessed lands.
Jan0-2argar{, H. (P. `ं% e-3-) lit., A goldsmith's
quarrel, that is, a collusive dispute between two parties in
order to defraud a third.
JANGRA, JUNGRA, H. (),9--) The haulm of laharif or
autumnal crops.
of the willage cattle.
JANIBDAR, H. (५-~'-, a side, and)le, who has) A defender.
Jdmibain, H. (A. ७***५- dual of ५--७५-) On both sides,
on behalf of both parties to a suit.
JA-NISHiN, H. (P. JA4.3५-) A deputy, a substitute, a locum
temens, the disciple appointed to succeed as principal of an
establishment of religious mendicants. _
JANIKARSHAR, Mar. (S. जनि, birth, and कषैक, cultivator)
apparently incorrectly, Karshan meaning cultivating, not
cultivator).
JANain,Ben., Mar.(ज’ङीत,जंजीर,or ज्ञंजीरा, P.As)Achain.
(ज्ञंजीरजामिनी) Chain security, mutual or collective surety
O" aSSU1rance.
Janjird, Mar. (ज्ञंजीरा, A. 92;#-) A fortified rock, a fort
Surrounded by the sea.
JANKAR, less correctly JA KAR, or JAKU R, H. (AG५- ु{५-)
A pledge in deposit until goods which have been taken
away are finally approved of
JANMA, JUNM U, commonly pronounced JANAM, or JUNUM.
or, indistinctly, JANyf, JUNyf, vernacularly corrupted in
Malwa and Mysore to JAI,M, or JAI,MA, corruptly JEN M,
JUMNUM, JUMyrAM ; the morecorrect form,howewer,evenin
 JAN
Karnata, is JANMA, S. but in most dialects H. ( _ *- , S.
जन्म) Ben. (ञ्जद्म) Mar. (जन्म) Tel. (ं,ंoo) Karn.
(aं, श्de, ४%,) (?) JANMAM, Tam. (PcऎाLata) Mal.
(ध्3O2०) Uriya, (s.११) Birth,also in some places, especially
Malabar, birthright, the hereditary or proprietary occupancy
of land, which may be sold or mortgaged in warious ways,
the right to which passes by descent according to law, and
it can be left to strangers by will only on failure ofheirs:
if there be no heirs, nor disposal by beguest, it escheats to
the Rajaः it cannot be sold without the concurrence of the
heir at law. The term is applicable to other than to indi
viduals, as there may be the Janm lands, i. e. hereditary
lands, of a college or temple.
Jaiamabhaimi, S. &c. (जन्मभूमि:) Birth-place, country ofone's
birth.
Jammadhiharam, Mal. (S.ध्3C20Coleexpo०, from S. अधिकारं,
right) Birthright, any claim to property or privilege de
rived from birth.
Jammddhikdrं, Mal. (S. ध्aC29Cole9,9()) One who claims JANTE, Karn. (ad० ॰) Partnership.
by right of birth. _
Jammadina, S. (जन्मदिन:) Birthday.
Jamma, or Jamm-draryam, Mal. (S. द्रव्यं, thing, substance)
The price given for landed property.
Janmahdram, or Janmhar, Mal. (S. ध्3O2८8,0fort) A land
holder, a proprietor of land.
Jammahagam, Mal. (ध्3O2aexpo-lrt) A fee given to a head
man among slaves for watching rice fields.
Jammakudi/dm, Jammkudidn, Mal. (ध्वC2a9a5ौ९290rrt)
A temant or temporary occupant of a Janmy one who has
acduired his property by purchase or mortgage in opposi
tion to the old hereditary proprietor.
Jamma- or Jamm-kolumacam, Mal. A purchaser of proprie
tary lands.
.Jammnं, Mal. (S. ध्3o2)) An owner of land, a proprietor,
the original owner or proprietor by hereditary right.
Janmidosam, Mal. (S. ध्3C2l639Ca०) The claim of the
proprietor or landlord on mortgaged land.
Jammimdrdttam, Mal. (ध्aC2l20० ?s०) IDispute about
landed property.
Jamma, or Jamm-pommajam, (?) Mal, A mortgage with
posession, on which an advance on the Sum lent being made
the mortgager parts with any rights he might have originally
reserved. _
Jammacdda, Mal. (S. ध्:C2o-103) A dispute or Suit abOut
landed property.
2:}2
JAN
Janma, orJamma-pamag/-elluta, Mal. (a-l6०cu),a mortgage)
A deed of mortgage, on which an additional sum being
raised, the proprietor engages never to transfer the land to
any other purchaser without the consent of the mortgagee :
he may redeem it himself on paying the principal and in
terest, the latter not to exceed twice the amount of the former.
Jamma-patra, or -patr{h4, S. &c. (पच, or पचिका, a leaf)
A horoscope, a paper prepared at the birth of a child,
foretelling his fate according to the aspects of the planets.
Jamm6shtam{, S. (स्रष्टमी, the eighth) The eighth lunation
। of Bhadra (Aug.-Sept), the anniversary of the nativity of
Krishna, observed as a solemn festival by the Waishnavas.
Jammalagma, S. (जन्मलग्नं) The conjunction of the sun and
a sign of the ecliptic at the moment of the birth of a child.
JANT, H. (e-G५-) A wooden trough for raising water.
JANTA, H. (UG५-) JASTEs, JATEs, Mar. (जतिं, जातं) A
handmill. _
Jagtli, Mar. ( ) A small handmill.
Jantebaduku, Karn. (४०र्र्.०ॐ७&०) A joint or partner
ship concern.
Jantehaihdjadu, Karn. (४० ँ5ठब्)xं७) A paper of
agreement between two persons.
JANTR, or JANTRA, H. 9ं-, S. यन्त्रं) A machine of any
kind, a dial, a mystical diagram.
Jamtra-mantra, or Juntr-m umtr, H. (S. यन्व, and मन्त्र, a
charm) Conjuring, performing magical or mystical cere
monies, in which diagrams are drawn, and charms or
prayers are repeated.
JANTRANA, Uriya (9१Gll) Torture.
JANTRf, JUNTREE, H. &c. (.3,59-, S. यन्ती) An almanack.
•7amtrं, or Jumtree-bahi, or -kitdib, H. (cst',
a register, or
५--' ँ, a book) The almanack with civil and army lists
and directory, published in India, and in very general
circulation. The compilation is generally known as the
Gentry book.
JANUKULIARU, (?) Karn. A class of slaves in Kurg (the
word is in the plural).
JANUTU RwA, H. (}9*-) A small Rājput tribe in the
district of Benares.
JANwAR, JUNwAR, also JINwAR, H. (9';५-) A small
tribe of Rājputs in Bundelkhand: (care must be taken
not to reverse the guantities of the vowels, as they would
not like to be called Jdn?rar or Jammour, a brute, an
animal).
 JAN
JANwARIA, H. (५)*-) A tribe of Ahfrs.
JARAITA, H. (U.],-) A division of the Tuar clan.
JARAJA, S. (जारज) A child of a woman by any other ।
man than her husband.
JARETHA, H. (५ं#-) The name of one of the clans of the |
Kachhis, or cultivators so termed.
JAREI.A, H. (*५,*-) A sort of rice grown in Rohilkhand.
JARH, A. (ट्9-) Inflicting a wound, a wound, an offence
against the person, in law.
JARHAN, or JApHAN, JUBHUN, JUDHUN, H. (७9- ७*0--)
A large species of rice reaped at the end of the rainy
SeaSOn.
JARi, corruptly, JERREE, H. &c. (A. ४.9५-) lit., Flowing ; ।
met., current, going on, set a-going, issued ; cultivated
for a second or subseguent crop, &c. Karn. (श्d9) Free
from an attachment (land), exempt from revenue.
Jair{-amal, Mar. (जाग्रीच्अमल) Items of revenue which were
once current, but are in the course of being alienated
from the public revenue, as the Sardesmukhi and Chauth.
Jairt-Dhami, Tel. (श्व9ंण`२9) Land cultivated by the
Ryots of the state. Karn., Land, which had been Sedues
trated, again let or Sold, and put into paying cultivation.
H. (?) Land which, after yielding one crop, is again put
under tillage for another.
Jaira-chitu, Karn. (aउळe९a#e&3०) A written grant.
•7dr{-indina, Tel., Karn. (eउ’6०OOत्ऽांOO) A grant of
land or other endowment still in force, not resumed.
•J4ri-indma-kdaiki, Karn. (ठाळं6) A light or Guit rent
on grants still in force.
•7dri-rupaid, H. (५9 -9५-) Current rupee, current coin.
JARi B, JUREEB, H. (A. ५-४+) Mar., Tel. (जरीब) A
measure : in its original use, a peasure of capacity edual
to 4 kaf’, or B84 madd, about 7(i8 pounds ; it then be
came applied to a land measure, or as much land as could
be sown with a jarib of seed corn ; and then appears to
have been loosely used as an eduivalent to a b{{//d.
In course of time it occurs as a measure of land of va
rious extent, and as the chain or rope for measuring. In
the north-west provinces the measurements were made by Jardim-kafifa, H. (A. - ं, light) Petty offences.
a chain, and the.jarib is egual to छे chains of ll yards Jardin-sanjin, H. (JAं-५, heavy) Heinous offences.
each, or to (ं0 0a’, or 20 gathds or knots. A sguare of JARiPATRA, Mar. (जरीपटका, from P. ५.9j, golden, and S.
one jarib is a b{//lid, IBefore the new system of survey
it was usual to measure lands paying revenue with a.jarib
of l8 knots only, two being coiled round the measurer :
rent-free lands were measured with the entire rope of 20 |
28:}
JAR
knots. In Sindh a.jarib is a measure of 1छ0 sguare feet.
In some dialects, as in Ben., Mar., and Tel., the term
also imports land measurement or survey ; in the latter,
Jaribu (8a०१99) is applied to garden land or its produce.
Jaribana, II. (P. ४d५५9-) An assessment on the cultivators
for the expenses of measurement.
Jarib1, plural, Jaribidn, (c*9द-) A land measurer or sur
veyor ; any thing relating to measurement, as the cost of
it, &c.
Jarib-beshi, H. (P. ५.***, excess) Increase of the land on
the Jamd of the current year ower the past.
.7a?’{b-kami, H. (P. , less) Decrease in the year’s mea
Surement of the Ryots’ land.
Jarib-harami, Mar. (जरीबकरणी) An account of the mea
surement of cultivated lands in a willage.
Jarāh-kash, H. (P. ७*, to draw) A land surveyor.
Jarib-kash?, H. (P. ८**ः drawing) Survey or measure
ment of land.
.7a?’{b-kharch, H. (ल)*- ५-५9-) Expense of measuring
land, paid usually by the Ryot or tenant to the landholder.
Jarib-mauktifi, H. (A. ५-9,9,०, delayed) Relin५uishment or
postponement of an intended survey, In Jessore, an abrcab
or cess paid by the landholders prewious to the permanent
settlement, as a consideration for the exemption of their
lands from measurement.
Jay?b-tamnbdku, Mar. An extra cess on the cultivation of
tobacco.
.7ariba, Tel. (&6००) Small rents or farms, as of tobacco,
&c. _
Jot-jaribā-ka-pattd, Hindi (जोतजग्रीबीकापट्टा) A kind of
lease, under which the cultivator pays rent only for the
ground actually cultivated, the extent of which is deter
mined by measurement.
JARi DA, JUREEDU, H. (A. s.५9-) A register, an accOuunt
book.
JARi MANA, JUREEMANA, corruptly, J BRUMANA, H. &c.
(UL*५A-) Tel. JALUMANA, (ंeoंग`व्श') Fine, penalty.
*५,-, plural /*)+) A crime, an offence.
JARiMAH, H. (A.
पट, a cloth) The pennon of the Peshwa's standard, or
his flag in general : a golden sash or girdle formerly pre
sented by the Peshwa to general officers in his service.
JARiTA, Ju REETA. H. (ं,#-) Brushwood, brambles.
8 o
 JAR
JARKUL, Hindi (जरकुल) The whole extent (Puraniya).
JAR-MULAsIK, H. (A. ु'-', a neighbour, G~"०, contiguous) |
A neighbour whose house is at the back of a property
which is for Sale, and of which he might therefore in some
cases claim a right of pre-emption.
JARR, or JARR, incorrectly, JIRR, H. (AD*-, ?५-) lit.,
Dragging ; but, in law, an authorised dragging forth of
an offender, and exposing him to public contumely.
JARwf, JURwEE, H. (५*97त-} from S. jar, जड, a root) The
small shoots of the rice plant when first springing up.
JASAwAR, or JASAwAT, H. 9:'~～-) A tribe of Rājputs in
Mathura, not of much consideration. In Behar, a tribe of
the ktirnai, 'or agricultural class ; a man of the tribe
who has sold himself, and has become classedamongst the
-Dhamuks, g. v.
JASHN-1-wAZAN, H. (P. ७*4-, a royal ceremony, and A.
cºl9 ? weight) The ceremony of weighing a person of rank
against money and ornaments, which were afterwards given
away in presents or in charity.
JASTI, Tel., Karn. (&3-"ं9., vernacular corruption of ८.3-५;)
Increase, addition ; also, injustice, exaction.
Jaisti-patti, Tel. (चां७,ं) An extra cess, or additional
impost ; the term, although not properly Marathi, was
known in Maratha finance in the same sense.
•/tisti-ltuttucali, Karn. (चब्9.॰ं२४) Increase of pro
duce.
•/tisti-sdgucali, Karn. (aउळं७.त्येव्x०३९१) Increase of as
SeSSment.
Daulujasti, Karn. (6०eeeउद्ध9.) Too high an estimate. JATABAki, Karn. (ध्छब्3धश्छे) Net revenue.
Wojurajdsti, Karn. (C/०%9०eडव्)ंo.) Am unjust increase | JATI, H., and most other dialects, (८५-, S. जाति) Kind,
of assessment.
JASU D, Mar. (जासूद, corruption of U~;“५-) A messenger,
a courier, a runner, a letter-carrier.
.7dsitdi, Mar. (जामूदी) The business or office of a messenger.
Jastidpatti, Mar. (पट्टी, a tax) A tax on villages for the |
expense of public messengers.
JAsUS, H. (A. U~*५५-) A spy, an emissary, a messenger.
JAT, JUT, Hindi (जत) As much as ; applied to the rates
of a lease (Puraniya),
JAT, H., and in most dialects ; corruptly, JAUT, (e-'~, जात , |
S. जाति) Caste, clan, tribe, occupation, kind, sort.
Jatbhai, or -bhdai, H., Mar. (जातभाड् -भाऊ) A brother by ।
caste, one of the same caste or tribe.
Jaitgdt, Mar. (जातगोत, from S. गोच) A comprehensive term
for one's kindred and fellows by caste.
284
JAT
। Jait-jamdit, Mar. (S. A. जातजमात) A whole caste or tribe
collectively.
Jaitpait, Mar. (जातपात) Particulars of caste and descent :
a caste collectively : dinner given to a caste by an ejected
member upon his restoration.
J4trrdr, Mar. (जातवार) According to caste.
JAT, or JATA, H., and in most dialects, (from S. जात, born,
past part. of जन, to be born) Born, engendered, pro
duced, effected ; one born, a child, an individual ; birth,
production.
Jataka, S., H., Mar. (जातक) Horoscope, calculation or
casting of nativities.
Jait, or Jaita-karma, S. &c. (from कम्मै, act) A religious
ceremony performed at the birth of a child ; one of the
Sanskāras, or essential purificatory rites of the Hindus.
Jaifastttaka, or Jatd8aucha, S. (मूतकं, bringing forth, or
अशोच, impurity) The uncleanness contracted by the birth
of a child of a mear relation.
Jataryacahdra, S. (जात, become, व्यवहार, business) A
youth who has attained majority, originally fifteen years,
now fixed at eighteen ; one who is considered competent
to conduct his own affairs. _
Jdit-muchalk6ं, Mar. (जातमुचस्का) A recognisance bond, a
pledge for an individual.
Jatsaranjdm, Mar. (जातसरंजाम) Personal pay or assign
ment for military service.
JATA, H. &c. (S. जटा) The braided hair worn by some
classes of ascetics, especially the followers of Siva.
। sort, genus, Species, caste, tribe, class.
। Jatijegottugdra, Karn, (eउळ&7ं7/०ंरब्&) The chief
or head of a tribe or caste.
Jatisankara, Karn. (S. संकर, mixture) Classes or castes
of mixed and impure origin, the Warnasankara of Bengal.
JAT, also written JAUT, and, corruptly, JUT and JHUT, H.
&c. (५-५-) The name of a very numerous race of people
in the north-west and bordering prowinces, also in the
Panjab and Sindh, where they have become, in part at
least, Sikhs and Mohammadans : they are in general in
। dustrious and enterprising ctiltivators, and a brave and
hardy race. The Raja of IBharatpur is of the tribe, of
_ which there are numerous Subdivisions separated into two
grand sections, the JDhe, or Pachlºade, and JTele, or Des
rcdile. The former immigrated not much more than a cen
 JAT JAW

tury since from the Panjab, but the whole refer to the
far west and Ghasmi as their original site. Although for
merly enumerated amongst the thirty-six royal tribes, they
are no longer regarded as Itatjputs, nor intermarry with
them, although connexions are occasionally formed. The
during the past season with wheat and barley (Dehli).
IAand in which barley is Sown without its having borne an
autumn crop, also termed Jaundr (Benares), Land on
which any spring crops have been sown (Bundelkhand).
Jaumdr, or Jaundl, H. 9५;#- J*-) ILand which has

Jaits along the Jamund profess to descend from the Hadus, been ploughed and harrowed, and is ready for the first
which may be the case without prejudice to their affinity seed: (the same word no doubt as the preceding, but used
with the Getoe and Hue-chi of antiguity. in a more general sense, perhaps inaccurately).
JATAR, JUTUR, H. 9*-) Cultivated land (Upper Doab). .7aunch?, H. (Gज्ञ'*-) A kind of smut in barley and wheat,
JATH, H. (४ं'-) The name of a post fixed in a tank, to in which the ears are empty.
denote that its water has been dedicated to a deity, or JAUHAR, plural JAwAHIR, H. &c (A)*9-9ab+) JAwAHi R,
married to a growe : the revolwing beam or axis of a sugar Mar. (जवाहीग्) A jewel.
mill. Jauharं, or Jauharfd, H. &c. (५9***-- ५)*9- ) A lapi
JATLI, H. (JAG५-) A branch of the Gujar tribe. dary, a jeweller.
JATRA, H. &e. ();५-, S. याचा) JATRA, or WATRA, Mar. Jamodhir-lihana H. (P. ४d५-, a house) The treasury ofgems
(जचा, याचा) JATARA, Tel. (छांॐ) A pilgrimage to a and precious things, _

place of reputed Sanctity : a religious festival : a place of JAUHAR, corruptly JoAR, H. (,*}-) The practice of some
pilgrimage attended by a fair : in the south, a festival in classes of Hindus, especially Rajputं, of putting their wives
honour of a divinity, especially of the tutelary goddess of and children to death when unable to resist an enemy, and
a willage. then sacrificing themselves.
Jdtri, H. &c. (.9*५- याची) A pilgrim, one travelling to JAUN RA, H. (}}}-) Payment of village servants in kind.
join a religious festival or fair. (East Oudh).
Jattri-dabbi, Karn. (ंचव्७ ँ;) A toll lewied upon per JAWALI, corruptly, JAULIE, Tam. (G*6u6rf) Karn. (व्ॐ९?)
sons going in pilgrimage, or to a religious festival• Cloth, piece goods.
JATRANI, JUTRANEE, H. (.A)*-) A tribe of Jaits in Ro Jacali-laira, Karn. Tam. (ं२४०ग्धं) A cloth merchant.
hilkhand and Dehli. •7acali-pendi, Karn. (e४ॐं)००) A tax on the trade of

JATTI, Tel. (&ं)A contract forgrain &c ; handsel, advance. pedlars, and travelling traders.
JATrr, or JErाँ Karn. (श्dं, ॐ:3) A wrestler, a boxer. JAwAB, H. (A. ५--';ी-) vernacularly modified in some dia
Jatti-laidata, Karn. (a४&3&ॐष्ठं) Wrestling. lects, as, JABAB, Ben. (जददि) JABA B, or JAB, or JAP,
•/atti-hdlaga, or Jatti-lkusti, (ंठब्१x, ॐं७.) Mar. (जबाब, जाब, जाप) Karn. JARBABU, (&ं ॰ञ०००)
A boxing or wrestling match or combat. An answer, a reply, whether spoken or written.
Jattinau!!u, Karn.
of boxers.
(ं99ं)
९)
Spurs fixed on the knuckles Jamudib-i-ligr, or Jarodb-i-ddnci, H. (9ंe ५--'9-, or ५-*e)
IDefence, the reply to the accusation.
JATTIGE, Karn. (ag3.7ं) A Sowing machine. Jamctib-al.jandl), H. (५~''～'' ५--',~) Rejoinder, the re
JATU, H. G५-) A Rajput tribe in the neighbourhood of Kar futation of the reply.
nal, a branch of the Tuftrs, and chiefly Mohammadans. Itad-ः:jard), H. (--',-e)) The refutation of or reply
JATUA, H. (';'-) . One of the seven branches of the Chamār to, the rejoinder ; the last stage of the discussion ; or it
tribe, located chiefly in the upper IDoab. may also signify the third stage or rejoinder. A bill of
JAU, JA0, or JoU, H. (9-, S. /ara, यव:) Barley, a barley exchange, the price of which is not discharged until notice
corn, which is the basis of long measure : eight, measured is received of its having been cashed.
across, are considered edual to a finger. Jan’dbu-ddrudu, Tel. Jah/bu-ddru, Karn. (8d०O०००9C"
•/auchani, Jauchumee, H. (७***-) A mixed crop of barley ॐ० ँ०, &४ंऽव्&0०८ऽ०co) A person able to answer, a re
and Chana. sponsible person.
.Jaundl, Joumal, H. (J9-) Land cultivated altermately for Jamcabi-handi, Mar. (जवाचीङ्गुडी) Payment of money into
spring and autumn crops (Rohilkhand), I,and cropped the hands of a banker, as a deposit for the value of a
28:)
 JAW
bill, to be paid to the drawer on receiving adwice that the
bill has been cashed.
•7airdi0-i-nijibait, or -mcajahait, H. (from A. m{jib, or majah,
reason, appeal) An answer to a petition of appeal, or to
the arguments for an appeal to be filed by the respondent.
•Jamrdl-namris, H. (U~:; ५--';*-) A person or clerk employed
to write answers : in some places an officer of the court
whose duty it is to read out reports, petitions, &c., and
to draft the replies.
•7am’db-samrdil, H. (J';“ ५--';-) Jam'dibsdl, or Jaib-sttl,
Mar. (जवाबसाल, जाबसाल) Altercation, conversation,
question and answer.
•/arab-sandli, H. (J'x५ --'}-) Jamrdbstili, or Jaibsili,
Mar. (जवाबसालीं, जाबसाली) Reply, rejoinder, the answer
to the guestion : one ready at a reply.
.Jamudbi-sampdili, H. (J';“ ५);f-) An agent, an attorney,
one ready at guestion and reply.
•/db-salā-hdjad, Mar. (जाबसालीकागदं, from _;et;) Business
papers, important dicuments and vouchers.
JAWALi, JUwALEE, corruptly, JAwULLEF, H. (J';#-) Gram
mixed with barley as food for cattle, a mixture of barley
and wheat.
JAwAN, H. &c. (S. ७';f-) Woung ; a young man, an active
or athletic young man, any Smart and active man, a police
or revenue officer, a soldier.
.Jandnf, H. ( ५.3';#-) A son-in-law, a daughter’s husband.
JAwAN-Ptj RIA, H. (५9}ं;#-) A branch of the K{tchhi tribe.
JAWAR, corruptly, JU wAR, JowAR, or JoAR, H. 9'*-)
JAwARi, Mar. (जवार्णी) A species of millet which grows
to a height of eight to twelve feet on a reedy stem, the
grain of which enters largely into the food of the pea
santry in the western provinces (Holcus sorghum). There
are many sorts, of which four are the most generally
known : the red or Joginia, the IBaunia or dwarf the
-/'iria or Stter, which is superior to the other two, and the
JPdsmati or fragrant, which is less । generally cultivated.
JAwAR, Mar. (जवार्', A. 9'yf-, neighbourhood) The willages
in the vicinity of a town.
JAwAn, II. (),-) JUAR, Ben. (फूयांत) Mar JoR, (जोर)
Flood-tide : the last applies especially to the spring and
neap tides.
JAwARA, or JAwARI, JU wARU, JU wAREE, H. (.9bº- ,
9}#-) As much land as can be ploughed by a pair of and it seems to be a Karnata term).
bullocks (Central Doab) ; as much as may be ploughed JEL, H. (UA-) The chain of buckets in a Persian wheel ;
in half a day (Dehli), also a yoke or pair of bullocks । (English) A gaol, a prison.
2:9{}
JEI,
working a well. Small shoots of rice which germinate
when steeped in water, and shoots of barley forced in
earthen pots at the Dasharit festival, and presented to friends
and relations for good luck.
JAwASA, JUwASA, H. (५०);#-) A kind of shrubby grass, on
which cattle, and especially camels browse (Hedysarum
alhagi).
JAwAZ, JUwAZ, H. (P. ;';-) A sugar or oil-mill.
JAw, Ben. (ख्रिीष) An account.
Jaybab{, Ben. (जोपदोदी) Balance of am account.
JAw, or JAyA, S. &c. (जय:) Wictory ; used as an excla
mation, either singly or with the name or titlg of a per
son of distinction, or of a deity, Jag/-, Jaya-Malldrdja,
Ja/-Jºdma, Jag/-Sitd : also, gaining a cause at law.
.7ayd, The name of the twenty-eighth year of the cycle.
.7a/6-patra, corruptly, Jee-potr, S. &c. (पच, a leaf) A
paper of victory, a written and sealed decision in favour
of either party.
Jayanti, S. (जयन्ती) The eighth day of the dark half of
Sritvapa, the anniversary of Krishna's nativity, held as a
festival.
JAwA, S. (जाया) A wife, a married woman.
JAwi, S. (जयी) Blades of barley grown artificially, and pre
sented to friends and relations at the IDasharā festival.
JAZAR, H. (A. Aj*-) Doubling a number (in arithmetic).
JAZIA, JUZEA, more correctly, JIZIA, but most usually so
written and pronounced in Hindustan, corruptly, JAZZJAH,
JEZIA, JwZEv EH, H. (A. A५;-) A capitation tax autho
rised by the Mohammadan law of con guest to be imposed
on all subjects not of the Mohammadan religion.
J#pANU, Karn. (ंॐ.७०) JrंN !)RA, Tel. (व्र्ष्टव्७) A
weaver, a class of weavers.
JEHAR, H. (G(**-) A pile of water-pots placed one over the
other, in which manner they are usually carried by women
on their heads: to take them off the head of a woman
who has separated from her husband is to imply consent
tO marry her : the custom prevails among the Jaits, 4hirs,
and Gijars, principally among the former.
JEJAL, Mar. (जेजाल) JAJAi,I, JANJALI, Karn. (ageचब्9,
&०eछव्)9) A small piece of ordnance mounted on a
swivel ; commonly Ginjal. (Molesworth derives the word
from H. J{jal (Jञ्संदी), but (?) ः it is not in Shakespeare,
 JBL
JELi, IIindi (जेली) A rake with wooden teeth pointing up
wards, for turning over corn whilst being threshed.
JEL-KHANA, H. English ( ंe-c)4-) A prison, a gaol.
JंN UGUTTIGE, Karn. (चै९७cx०3.7ं, from J6na, honey) A
tax on honey in Mysore.
JEONAR, H. (99}**-) ILand that has yielded one crop, and
is prepared for the sowing of a second : see Jaumdr.
J EORA, H. (}**-) The perGuisites of village servants.
J EORf, H. (c-9**-) The measure of land called a Jaril),
or the cord or chain used to measure it.
JETH, H. &c. (ं-, vernacular form of S. J/eshtha, ज्येष्ठ)
IBest, eldest, the eldest brother where there are several, a
husband’s elder brother : the name of a month, the second
month of the Hindu year. _ register, a rent-roll : see 2amin.jhdrd.
Jeth4, Jeghtat, Ben. (S. ८ष्ट्रै', ८ष्ार्टजीउ ) A father’s eldest
brother.
Jethdni, II. (८g५ं-) The wife ofa husband’s elder brother.
Jethdms, H. (S. U~'' ँ-) The share or portion of the
eldest bOrn.
Jetha, IBen. (S. ८ष्टैी) The wife of a father’s eldest brother.
•7eth-rdiat, Hindi (ज्ञेठरेयत, for S. ज्येष्ठं, .j/eshtha, best or
oldest, and A. ५-५e), a cultivator) The senior or prin
cipal cultivator ; any respectable villager, but especially
one who is, either by election, descent, or the appointment
of a Zamindar, the manager of the affairs of the village
community ः if there be a distinct J/uladdam, the Jeth
?”(?iat ranks below him, but they are often the same.
Jethundd, Hindi (जेटुंडा) The share or right of the eldest
SOn_
JEwA, Mar. (जेवा) A feed, a meal ; subsistence which the
villagers were bound to provide for the subordinate ser
vants or Peons when Sent to receive the collections.
J EwAR, H. 9';**-) A respectable tribe of Rājputs in Bun
delkhand.
JHABAR, JHABUR, H. 9*५-) ILow land on which water
lies, and which is favourable for rice cultivation : when
the water dries up in the cold weather, spring crops are
sometimes grown upon it : also Jhdicar, ५. v.
JHABRA, JHUBRA, H. ('A4-) An epithet applied to the ears
of animals when covered with long hair.
JHAD, Ben., Mar. (२fजि, झाड, usually pronounced as ifend
ing with a harsh ?', and in H. so written, see Jhdj) A
tree, a shrub, a bush.
Jhdidd, or Jhdrd, H. (l3५-, भकाडा) ILand which remains
under water during the rains, swampy or marshy ground.
287
JHA
Jh6///al, Mar. (भकण्डगल) A tract abounding in trees or
shrubs.
Jhdd{, Jhdri, Mar. (भाडी) Thick with underwood, trees,
or bushes, a thicket.
JHApAN, Mar. (भकाडण) also JHARAN, H., ५. w. Sweeping :
also, fig., Clearing or Settling accounts, making a clear
ance of any thing (money, provisions, &c.).
Jhddā, Mar. (भताडा) Tel. (६छ ”०) A general clearance of
accounts, taking a detailed or particular account, an ac
count particulars.
Jam{njhdd4, Mar. (जमीनमताडा) One of the chief village
accounts, a statement shewing the extent, Guality, cul
tivation, and produce in every field in a village, a willage
Jhddbdhā, Mar. (भताडबाकी) Complete clearance or sweeping
off of a debt, &c., closing payment in discharge of a debt.
Jhdddhar{, Mar. (भकाडेकर्णी) A searcher (as one employed
by the customs).
Jhddpatti, Mar. (झाडपट्टी) Final demand of government
for house or land tax.
Jhadti, Jhadtee, or Jharti, corruptly, Jhertee, Mar.
(झडती) Jhadti, Jhaditi, Karn. (ं9o3., Cºcce9) Jha
datd, Tel. (ंGoॐछं) Examination of an account ; final
reckoning, clearing off or Sweeping off (of money, food,
or the like). Taking an inventory of goods; the account
or inventory so taken ; an annual statement of the receipts
and payments of a whole village ; the account of the wil
lage with the revenue officers.
JHADU, Mar. (भताड्) A sweeper, a man of the sweeper caste,
the Bhangf or Halalkhor : also a broom.
JHAGARI, (?) Sowing broad-cast (Morang).
JHAJHARKA, or JHAJALKA, H. (४9े) Early dawn, be
fore objects are clearly discernible.
JHARARi, JHA KUREE, H. (.9*५-) A milk pail.
JHALAR, H. ()***-) A thicket, brushwood.
JHALI, Ben- (३गनि) An excavation at the end of a drain
or water-course, for collecting water to be thrown up into
higher channels for irrigation.
JHAyr, H. (A4-) A large kind of hoe for excavating earth
in well-sinking.
JHAMARA, H. (४{UA4-) A heavy Shower.
Jhainjham, or Jhandjham, H. ( ******-) Heavy continued
Tal1In_
Jhamarjhamar, ७*****-) IAight rain, raining drop by
drop.
8 P
 JHA
JHAst P, H. (५-G५#-) Ben. (भी**) A coarse mat, used
as a door or Screen of a doorway. Mar. (झपि) Loppings
of thormy bushes used as a fence : a branch of a tree or
of the cocoa-nut palm, especially when matted to be used
in roofs.
Jhdmpd, Mar. (झांपा) A matted or wattled door, as of a
Shed or fence.
JHAMPAN, Ben. (२i*श्रीम) A stage on which snake catchers
and otherjuggling vagabonds exhibit : a kind of sedam used
by travellers in the Himalaya, written Jampaun (?).
JHANDA,or JHANDI, H.(loं#-,.33 ५-)JHENDA, Mar. (मेडा)
A flag or banner, a flag-staff a flag used by Surveyors.
Jhenda-patti, corruptly Jhumder-putte/, Mar. (भंडापट्टी)
A cess lewied on the inhabitants of a village or town, and
travellers and traders, to defray the expense ofa new flag :
a tax on the use of flags.
JHANpt LA, H. (}}ं५-) A tree with thick foliage.
JHANGI, H. ( .*५-) Bramble and brushwood (East Oudh)
JHANJAR, Marः (झॉजड) First glimmering of dawn.
JHANIA, H. (५*री) Asubdivision ofthe Mar soil (Lower
Doab),
JHANKHRA, H. (]ऽ****-) A leafless tree.
JHANSA, H. (&…j५-) An assessment formed without any
Specific ground, and only by general estimate.
JHAR, JHUR, H. (,**-) Heavy rain, also JHARI, {.े-)
Continued rain, wet weather.
JHAR, H. (G५-) Bushes,brambles, thicket, underwood ; Dakh.
A tree : see Jhdd.
Jhdri, H. (.94-) Forest, thicket.
Jhttrsiltri, (भताडशिकरी) Rank weeds, old grass roots.
J HARAJA, or JHAREJA, GuZ. (झारज) The name of the prin
cipal military tribe in Cutch, the Rao of which is of the .JHENTUwANIWA, Ben.
race: they profess to trace their origin from.Jhdra or Jharra,
a chief of the Mohammadan tribe of Summas of Sindh,
whose infant son was driven from his home after his father’s
death, ‘and found refuge in Cutch, where he was brought
up as a Hindu, and obtained distinction and power. The
•/hdrajas pretend to be Rājputs, but their own tradition
shews them to be of spurious origin, and the name should
most probably be Jdraja, the son of an adulterous wife.
The Jhdrajas have acguired a disgraceful notoriety as
the murderers of their infant daughters.
J HARAN, H. (from 9५-, to sweep, to sweep away, to brush
&c) Sweeping, clearing away.
•//drekarं, and Jairyd, Mar. (भतारेकरी, झान्या) A particular
288
JPHO
caste, whose business is to wash and Sweep the ashes and
dust of a melting-house or goldsmith's shop, the:V?/drfa of
Hindustan•
Jhaptā-part{, Uriya (ं२६1 98.६1) Sweepings of loose
salt, scattered about and wasted during weighment.
Jh4ru, H. (994-) Ben. (२गघू) A broom : a sweeper by
caste and occupation.
JHARBERI, JHURBEREE, H. (.929*-) A small Prickly bush
bearing a kind of plum like the jujube, which is eaten
by the people in the morth-west provinces ; the leaves are
used as fodder, the briars and thorns as fences for fields,
and for cattle-sheds and fuel ः as the plant grows egually
well in dry weather it forms an important resource in time
of dearth, both for the people and their cattle.
JHARI, H. (.9५-) A pitcher with a long neck.
JHAROTA, H. (S97-) The close of a Season.
JHARijA, H. (l9*-) A nutritious grass, the grain of which
resembles Panic, and is sometimes eaten or made into bread :
it ripens in the rains or the month Sawan, and is thence
called Sawan and Sawain.
JHAriANA, or JHUTIAst', H. (७५-३-) A small clan of
Rājputs in the Upper IDoab.
JHAU, JHAoo, H. ७५-) A common shrub in the upper pro
vinces (Tamarix dioeca), much used for thatching and
hedging, and as fuel.
Jhamgd, Jhom’d, H. (';३-) A large open basket made of
the twigs of the Jhdi.
JHAwU, Karn. (OGºग्धं9) A watch of three hours.
(०Coद्ध२.७%ं७.) A watchmam.
Jhdoinajasti, Karn.
JHAwAR, H. 9५-) Flat or low land flooded in the rains ।
see Jludbar.
(८२ंहूणनिपi, from ८२(*छे', a broom) A
sweeper by caste and occupation.
JH I, Ben. (वि) A daughter.
JHIL, or JHi L, H. &c. (O.A4-, fझल) A shallow lake or morass.
JHINJAR, H. 9****) A subdivision of the Gitjar tribe.
J HIRf, JIIIIREE, (५-9##-) Withered : blight.
JH0.JHA, H. (५-१६-) The name of a Mohammadan tribe
converted from Hinduism, considered as of base origin,
but good cultivators, found in parts of the IDoab and
Bundelkhand.
JHOKAND, H. (AA%4-) The place from which the fuel is
Supplied to the fire under the sugar-boiling pan.
JHOLA, H. (}}३-) A cold wind which dries up the ears of
wheat.
 JHO JII,

JHo.i, Mar (मोळी) A four-mouth bag or wallet carried by । JHUNT, JHUNTf, Ben. (भू*छ, भू*छी) lit., A crest ; the tuft
beggars. of hair left on the top of the head at tonsure. _

.7holiband, Mar. (भलेळीबंद) A beggar. JHUNTHAR, JHooNTHUR, H. (,ं94-) Fields yielding a

JHoyf PRA, or JHof PRI, H. (Jं94-, ५.9ं94-) JHowrPpi, double crop.
Mar. (झोपडी) JHOPRA, Ben. (८भीशजi) A cottage, a cabin, JHU PA, H. (५;*-) A pile of mangoes, or other fruit.
a hut. JHUR, Mar. (्तूपं) A leak or porous place in an embank
JHoNK- or JHoK-CHITTHi, Mar. (झोक, भक्रोकविट्टी, from ment through which the water ooZes; the water that so
मोक, swaggering) A fraudulent note of hand or bill, oo2esः (so in Ben., भूत्, to ooZe or leak),
one not intended to be honoured.
JHtं, or JHtiTH, JHoor, JHoorH, H. &c. (S. ५*-,
JHoNAIA, H. ('AG)4-) A division of the Kirmi tribe. *ं;#-) JUTHU, Gu2. (ं] ॐ) False, untrue ; falschood, lie.
JHONKIA, less correctly, JHOKIA, and JHUKwA, H. (५****-) Jhatta, Jlutitlid, Jootd, Joothd, H. &c. (G;*-, ५ ँ;३-)
The man who keeps up the fire under the sugar-boiling pan. Uttering untruth, a liar ; also left, leawings, offal.
JHoPA, or JHoNPA, Mar. (भतोपा, झरोपा) An apparatus of Jhtttlid-gaicttii, IBen. (शूढेोगदांी) A false witmess.
leafy branches fastened together, to drag ower and smooth Jhatth4-half; Ben. (शूढ़ीनिष्ट) A false oath, perjury.
a field : a hut, a shed. _
Jhatta-samak, Mar. ( मूटसनक ?) A dish ofleavings; a grant
•J HORA, H. ();ह-) The haulms or stalks of leguminous of land without any service attached.
plants, ueed as fodder. Juthusogam, GuZ. (१ं}४ं(२०) * false oath, perjury.
J HUHA, JHOOHA, H. (५s;्-) A large stack of Bajra (Hol Juthodastdmogj, Gu2. (१थ्gu९&tctu१०४) A forged docu
cus sorghum)ः it usually contains from 10 to 20 bdjh, ment, a forgery.
or loads. JHUTHAN, H. (७##-) ILand yielding a double crop.
.J HU LA, H. &c. (}}३-, भतूला) A swing, a Swinging cot or Jhuthidil, H. (C५५ ँ;*-) Land yielding a double crop.
basket : a swinging or Suspension bridge, common in the JHUTRf, Mar. (श्नुतरी) A dry channel or furrow, a streamlet.
Himalaya, though of rude construction. Jf, JEE, H. &c. (…्री- जी) Life, Soul, whence it has come
Jhalan, IBen. &c. (शूलन) Swinging. to be attached to names and titles as a mark of respect :
Jhalan-्/dtrd, IBen. (शूलनपांजl) A festival in honour of JKrishna-j{, Sitd-jं, Sdhib.ji. It is also used singly as
Krishpa in the month Bluddra, when images of him and a respectful term of assent or as interrogatory, as, Wes ;
Jºddhd are swung in ornamented platforms. or, Wour pleasure ?
J H U Lf, H. (७)*-) A cloth or Sheet used as a fan for win .76at-Dhatm, Hindi (जीस्रतभूम, for S. जीवद्, living', and भूमि,
nowing grain when there is no wind (Dehli) earth) Soil that remains moist throughout the year : also
JH GND, H. (AG94-) A crowd, a troop, an association, a gang called .7ito:jam fm.
of wandering mendicants. Jiddr, Hindi (जीदार) Crops in existence (Puraniya),
J H UNDi, JHOONIDEE, H. (.*ं;f-) A lot or parcel of land JIUwIvA, Hindi (जिडविया) Mature, come to maturity or
in a coparcenary willage, of a determinate though warying vigour (Puraniya)
extent, both as to the number of bi//lads it contains, and JiD, A. (A4-) Pure money of the current or legal standard.
the siZe of the bijhd: it is usually from five to ten palkka J IHAD, H. (e५-) Holy warfare, making war against infidels.
bi/lids : a sharer may hold several .jhdndis. The amount JIHAT, H. (५-५--) IDuties on manufactures.
of revenue assessed on each.jhttndt in a village, payable Jr.JHopiA, H. (५$३-न) A branch of the Kanauj Rājputs.
by the holder, whether he cultivate or not (Dehli), Jr LA, IBen. (ख्रिलi, for *) A province : see ८ild.
-77aunda-bdºch/ं, H. (-्तः-५) An apportionment of the revenue ! JI.AwATAN, H. (A. 98;"5-) Leaving one's country, emi
payment of a village coparcenership, according to their । gration.
.jhttndi shares. •7ildicatanf, H. (A. J**+) Banishment, expulsion.
JHU NGA, JHOONGA, H. (५94-) Bramble, brushwood ; a JILWA, sometimes also JAI.wA, H. (A. 9-) Splendour.
bullock with projecting horns. pomp ; the first meeting of the bride and bridegroom after
(भू*ञ्जत) Heaped measure, heaping up a
.J II U NJ AR, Ben. । marriage in the presence of relations, when various cere
measure of dry goods till it contains no more. monies take place.
280
 JIM
.J IM MA, Mar. (जिम्मा) Charge, trust; see Zimma.
Jrs, H. (A J~) An evil being, a genie, a goblin. JNA,
S. (जिन) A teacher of the Jain doctrines, any one of the
twenty-four deified teachers of the system, called also a
Tirthankard ः it was originally a synonym of a /9auddha
। saint, and is sometimes SO used.
JINAyAT, A. (ं७--) In Mohammadan law, any offences or
crimes against person or property, but in practice it is
generally restricted to the former, attended with serious
injury or death, and punishable by retaliation or by fine.
JrsoAR, or JisGAR, Mar. (जिनगरं, जीनगर, from P. .g) A
worker in leather, especially a Saddler and harness-maker :
the Maratha Jingars also make little images of Ganesa :
see Zing/ar,
JINHAR, H. O५.i-) A branch of the Gtijar tribe.
JINKU, (?) Tel. A base or counterfeit coin.
J INNAT, A.(cº-3-) The Mohammadan paradise.
JINPAIRA, Mar. (जिनपेणा) A labourer whose services are
borrowed from a meighbour in agricultural operations, the
like assistance being given when reguired.
JINS, H., and in most dialects, slightly modified, (A. U~*-)
JINis, IBen. (ख्रिनील) JINNAs, Mar. (जिन्नस) JtNUsU, Tel.
(ं।cंC) JINISU, JINASI, JNAsti,Karn.(ं७००,ंॐ७,
e3.७KC) Genus, Species, kind, or Sort ; but appliod, espe
cially in the dialects, to a thing, an article, a commodity,
goods, effects, &c., amy objects of purchase and sale.
Jins-i-adnd, H. (A. Jंe", inferior) Any article of inferior
Guality or price ; especially inferior grain for culti
vation.
.Wins-i-6dli, H. (A. ७'-' Superior) Any article of superior
description ; grain of the best Guality.
•/ins-i-lidmil, II. (A. U-८७, perfect) First-rate crops; the
best crop that a field can bear.
J{ns-?cd/', H. (ु';~~～-) Jinmasicdr, Mar. (fजन्नसवारं) Ac
cording to, the article, according to the crop, as an ac
count, a settlement, &c.
Jinsirdri-lisdl, H. (५-५०-, an account) Jinasinctira
lekh/t/ta, Karn. (from धै३, the same) A statement or
account of collections according to the articles or crops.
•/insh'(tr-lkhatttini, corruptly, Jinsicar-lihationence, H.
(५.39ं) An account of the portions of an estate, in which
the lands are classed together according to their crops.
•/insi, or Jinsi-top-khdna, H., but peculiar to Marathas,(from
५-*ः a gun, and //tindh, a house) An arsenal, ordnance,
artillery.
240
JIT
Jinmasklidnd, Mar. (जिबसखाना) A store, a warehouse, a
cellar, a closet
Jinscaratala, (?) Jinsicartullah, evidently corrupt. Mar. (?)
perhaps (from cartd, वणता, over, above) The excess of a
guantity ofinferior grains taken in place ofa lesser guantity
of superior grain, when the revenue was realisable in kind.
Jins-gabti, or Jinnis-gabted, H. (J*५-*७~*-) Produce
or crops of a more valuable kind than ordinary, as cotton,
tobacco, or Sugar, paying a money rent.
JIRAHAT, A. (ं-',-) A wound on any part of the body
except the head, punishable by fime according to its severity.
JIRASANNA-NELU, Karn. ( ॐ०व्)ं७०६०त्ॐe७) A kind of rice
grown in Mysore.
Jr RAfT, or JIRAwAT, Mar. (fजणाद्दैत, जिरायत) A. Zi RAAr,
q. v. Jf RAT, Hindi (जीरात) Arable land, land fit for cultiva
tion not reduiring artificial irrigation, also cultivated lands
and their produce, as distinguished from garden cultivation;
see IBd////at ; also from Khachar, or rice cultivation.
Jirditi, Jird/ati, Mar. &c. (जिणाद्दैती, जिरायती) Pertain
ing or relating to fields or their crops; as tax, survey, pro
duce, &c. : arable, asland ; raised on arable land as opposed
to garden produce. Jirdit{ lands are sometimes considered
the same as taxable or assessable lands, in opposition to
Indm, or rent-free lands: and freguently also the term is
applied to land not artificially irrigated, in opposition to
Tari, wet, or rice lands.
Jard/ati-guttije, Karn. (४०००ऽ०8%3.7 ) Assessment
on cultivated land.
JITA, vernacularly JIT, (जित , past part. of जि, to conguer)
Conduered, also one who has conduered or gained : often
compounded with words to form proper names ; as, Jºunjit,
or I'unjeet, properly Jiangjit, the victorious (jit) in battle
(rana), _
Jita-patr, H. (S. A. A५५-) A favourable decree.
Jitashtam{, S. &c. (जिताष्ठमी) The eighth (of victory) lu
nation of the dark half of Aswin, part of the Navarātri
festival, or Durgā Pitja.
JiTA, JEETA, H. (from U५--, to live, S. जीव) Living, alive.
JiTA,JiTERA, JEETA, JEETERA,also JrTTA, H. (७५-, 9****-,
`ं-) Mutual assistance in tillage ; also allowing the use
ofa plough and bullocks, instead of paying wages in money
or kind.
JrrA, Karn. (ॐं) Wages, hire.
Jitagdra, Karn. (ंॐ7त्व् ँ) A labourer, a person receiving
wages or hire for cultivating land.
 JIT
JITRAw, Mar. (fजचव) Life-sustaining, applied especially to ve
getable produce, and the animalsemployed in its cultivation.
Jin- or Jin-jitrar, Mar. (जिनं, or जीनजिचव) Standing
crop of fields, growing vegetables of gardens, or fruits of
plantations.
JI ULI, Ben.(ञ्जिज्रेलि) A fisherman.
JivA, S. &c. vernacularly Jro, Ji B, Jiv, (जीव) Life, the
wital principle, livelihood, means of living.
Jirad-cibhdga, S. (जीवद्विभाग:) Apportionment of an an
cestral estate by the father whilst living amongst his sons
(Hindu law).
Jipagdr, Tam. The designation of Buddhist teachers and
ascetics, used in some parts of the south.
.7icaka, S. &c. vernacularly Jibaka, (जीवक) A servant,
a labourer, one who gets a livelihood.
Jicai, Jinai, H. (?) Land granted rent free by Talukdars
for services performed by them.
Jipihd,S.sometimesvernacularly Jibikd, and.Jibhd,(जीविका)
Livelihood, means of living. In Chittagong, Jibkd is
applied to a portion of land excepted from assessment, be
ing considered especially appropriated to the maintenance
of the Zamindar, or landholder, and his family.
॰7ica-kothi, corruptly, Jemccotte, H. (from ५*, a house)
A house or hospital for living creatures, or animals and
reptiles, such as is maintained by the Jains at Surat.
Jiran-birt, H. (c“-2Ad}५-) A stipend allowed to the family
of an old servant deceased: see IBirt.
Jiranā-tip, corruptly Jemrumee-teep, Mar. (जीवनी, liveli Joo, H. (c4-}-) The name of the person upon whon a
hood, and टीप, enumerating articles in order to tax them)
A fee in grain or money to the collectors employed to as
sess houses for taxation.
.7ःuitam, Tam. (S. Cºculgta) Subsistence, a grant of land
rent-free for maintenance, or as a reward also.
J{nantsamddh, Mar. (जीवंतसमाध) Burying oneself alive.
JiwwARU, Tel. (ं०98ं9) The head of the Waishnava JokH, H. (A%-) JoNKAN, Ben. (८ञ्जी*कश्म) Weight, weighing ;
Brāhmans in the south of India.
JIZIA, see JAZIA, H. (A. &#-) Capitation tax. In Sāgar ।
|
ahouse-tax on the inhabitants of towns notengaged in tillage. ।
JoBRAJ, Ben. (८ञ्जोदङ्गीञ्ज , S. युवराजा) The young Raja, the
heir apparent of an estate or principality.
JopA, or JoRA, H. &c. (!}-, जोडा) A pair or couple of |
things which usually go together, as a pair of shoes, a
married pair, and the like.
JoDI, or JoRI, Tel., Karn. (ं,००) An easy or guit-rent,
a personal tax on district officers.
941
JON
Jodi- or Jori-indm, Tel. Karn. (ंTtsaत्ऽeंOO) A grant
of land to be held on payment of a guit-rent.
Jodije, Karn. (ं.०९०7ं) Jodijai, Tam. (GeºrTLa-co२e)
A fawourable or Guit-rent.
JopKA, or JoRKA, Mar. (जोडका) An earner, the active or
earning member of a family.
Jodkdptit, Mar. (from पूत, a son) An informer in the pay
of the native Maratha government, who furnished informa
tion on which to found a pretext for levying money by fines.
JODU, Tel., Karn. (aं *ॐ७) A pair, a couple, as of shoes,
sandals, &c. : see Joda.
JOG, H. &c. (e-*-, S. योग:) lit., Union,junction. The prac
tice of religious abstraction, by which it is supposed the
individual may be united with the universal soul, and ae
५uire similar supernatural powers ; Hindu clairwoyance and
mesmerism. ' _
Jogi, corruptly Jojee, Jo//hee, Jojie, H. &c. {-**-, S. योगी)
A practiser of the Jog or Wog, a pretender to superhuman
faculties ; in general, a religious mendicant, who assumes
various characters in different parts of India, as an ascetic,
a conjurer, and fortune teller, a musician : a caste of Hin
dus who are usually weavers.
Jo7ar-mdnyam, Karn. ( ॐ.०x००Coऽ8०) A fee levied by
the Jogts of any one of their conventual dwellings in My
sore from the willagers, in a small Guantity of rice and
a coin of little value from each, on certain occasions : they
were expected to transfer the collections to the state.
draft or bill of exchange is drawn.
JoHAR, H. Os9-) A large pond or lake (Dehli); any inun
dated land (Central Doab), but there pronounced Jhor.
JoHIA, H. (५s9-) A Rajput tribe, once ofimportance, but,
of whom few remain in the wicinity of Allahabad, and of
them one division is Mohammadan.
Mar. (जीख) A weight, measure, determinate si2e or guantity.
।
Johhdं, H. (.*५***-) Weighment, weighing ; the weigh
। man's fee or perduisite.
| JOKHAM, or JOKHf M, H., Mar., IBen. (***, जोख्रीम, ८२riथंष्म)
। JoRASr, Tel. (ं Ts०) Risk, hajard, peril ; the thing
haZarded, loss, deficit.
JoL, Ben. (८छील) Low marshy ground, favourable for rice
plantations ; a ditch, a trench, a ravine : (also Joli).
JONANGI, or ZoNANGI, also JoNAGAR and JoNA KARI, Tel.
।
। ( ँ*त्ऽ७०7\) The name of a tribe on either ooast of the
।
"
} 3 ५
 JON JUR

peninsula, also called Cholias or Labis, considered to be Jows, Jewellery of any kind ; used commonly by Europeans
descended from the Arabs, or, according to another tra at Madras and Bombay, and borrowed from the Portuguese
dition, from compulsory converts to Mohammadanism made Jaya, a jewel. _

by the first Mohammadan invaders. The name is sup | JUA, JooA, H. &c. ('}#-, S. दंपूत) Gambling.
posed to be derived from the Tamil Shomahar, the name Judichor, Ben. (डूयाटघ्त्रोत) A cheat, a swindler at play, a
of a country ; perhaps Sennar or Arabia. "
। blackleg.
JoNNA, plural JoNNALU, Tel. (ंT७ु, aं”,७ुeo) J6I.A, (५9b*-) A gambler.
Judiri, J00aree, H.
Karn. ( ँ3.०९९ँ) CHoNNAL, Tam. (GerrcठैTCoा60) The JUA, H. ('9-) JUAL, Uriya (gट्॥२) The yoke of a plough.
grain termed great millet (Holcus Saccharatus), JUAL, corruptly, JoAL, A. (o3-) The hire or reward of
JoRA, H. (}-) lit., A joining ; a fee lewied upon a tenant labour, an extraordinary donation, extra pay or compen
cultivator for each plough he works with, in addition to sation, a reward for bringing back a fugitive slave (Mo
his rent (?). hammadan law),
JoRAwAR-BHUM, Hindi (from )9;, strength) Stiff strong soil. JUGAD GAUR, H. (C*es;-) A branch of the Gaur Brāhmans.

Jof, H. (.9-) A small pond (Dehli), JULA, JooI.A, H. (्!}-) A tract of land containing four
JoRt), H. ()9-) A wife. ali, or sixteen bisis (Kamaon),
JoSHI, H. &c. (L****-; S. ज्योतिषी, Mar. जोशी) An astro JUGf, ASamese (यूनी) One of a caste whose vocation is tend

nomer, an astrologer in general ; also one of a caste pro ing silkworms.

fessing astrology and fortune-telling, and employed in cast JULAHA, H. (P. ७०)l-) JoLA, Ben. (८ख्रीलl) A weaver ; in
ing nativities. In Upper India the name is applied to India forming a race or tribe of weavers, who are Mo
an inferior order of Brithmans following this occupation ; hammadans.

in the Dakhin, to a caste of Stidras. The term, when JULi, or JURi, ASamese (यूनी, यूी) A small hill stream.

restricted to a Brāhman conversant with astronomical JUM, JooM, (?) A Mug village, or 'one belonging to a forest
science, implies considerable respectability, as is the case race on the east of Chittagong ; any hill or forest willage
with the Joshis of Kamaon. in the east of Bengal.
JoT, corruptly, JoTE, H. (S. ५-*-) Tillage, cultivation ; Jumia, Joomia, (?) A race of people inhabiting the hills
tenure of a cultivator ; the rent or revenue paid by a on the east of Chittagong.
cultivator. In the Sikhim Morang', any tract of land or JUMAH, or JUMA, H. (A. Aश्A4-) Friday, the day of public
estate cultivated and paying revenue to gowernment, held prayer with the Mohammadans.
by Patta, and hereditary, but neither to be mortgaged or Juma-rat, H. (c“-'), from S. राचि, night) Friday eve, i. e.
sold. Mar. (जोत, S. योक्तः) A yoke of oxen ; a plough. Thursday.
Jot.jaind, Hindi (जीतजमा) The land cultivated, and assess Jumdji, H. (A. _****-) Presents or allowances to a

ment paid by the cultivator. Schoolboy, given him on Friday, and by him to his pre
Jotd, Hindi (जीता) The point of the beam of the plough ceptor oii the same day. In Hindustan, an entertainment
on which the drag rests. repeated on five successive Fridays after marriage.
Jota, Jotan, Jotdr, Jotia, H. (9-, ७P;ी-299-ः ५ं9-) JUMLAT, H. (A. ं0--) Sum total, aggregate assemblage.
A cultivator or peasant tilling his own ground. JUNA, or JURA, JooNA, JooRA, H. (B9-, }+) A rope of
.Vot- or Jota-ddr, (P. ु'e, who has) A farmer or cul twisted grass or twine, made to support a round-bottomed
tivator. jar.
Jotal, Hindi (जोताल) Land always in cultivation, never JUNNU, Tel., Karn. (ee”ंA) Cheese.

|left fallow. Jt RA, H. (}-, S. चूडा) The knot in which the Hindus tie
•/ott, Hindi (जोती) The strap that goes round the neck of their hair on the top of the head.
the bullock to fasten the yoke. JUREMARi, JooREMAREE, H. (.39५9-) lit., Brought under
Jotyd, Mar. (जोत्या) A ploughman. the yoke ; applied to land actually in possession, in dis
JowAL, Mar. (जोवाल) Union of cultivators to burn and tinction to what a man is entitled to by descent from a
clear the ground before ploughing. COm InOm anceStOr,

242
 JUR
JU Ri, JooREE, H. (.99-) A small bundle of sugar-cane,
the tops of which are bronght home on the IIth of Kar
tik, and are suspended from the roof of the house until
the Holf, and then burnt ; also a small necklace strung
together from cakes of cow-dung, and cast into the Holi
bonfire.
JUZ, H. (A. ]*-) A part, a portion ; a part of a book, con
sisting of eight leaves.
Ju2-0-kul, corruptly, Joos-00-kool, H. (A. os}}*-) Totally,
entirely, great and small. In Bengal, a revenue account
formerly kept, containing a variety of details arranged
under six heads, whence it was also termed Shash-bab--
haifiat, the six-section account. Section I exhibited the
particulars of the survey, the extent and boundaries of
the land ; 2, all that related to the assessment ; 8, all |
matters connected with the rights and interests of the pro
prietors ; 4, all that related to the rights of tenants and JwARUM, (?) A register of lands (Carnatic).
cultivators ; 5, whatever concerned the duties and privi JwESHTHA, S. (ज्येष्ठ) Eldest, best, &c.; vernacularly, JETH,
leges of the village officers ; and G, what related to the |
rights and interests of village inhabitants not engaged in
agriculture.
JUT, JoOT, Ben. (शूज्) The fibres of the bark of the Cor
chorus olitorius, much used for making a coarse kind of
canvas, and the common Jammi bags : it is also some
times loosely applied to the plant.
JUTA, JUTr, H. &c. (S9-, ८39--) A shoe, a slipper.
Jutdjuti, IBen. &c. (यूजांयूङी) Beating each other with
slippers.
Jaitā-hdr:, H. (from .9४, doing) Beating with slippers, a
disgraceful punishment.
Jaitā-khor, H. (from P.);*-, who eats) Beaten with slip
pers, disgraced, abject.
Jutā-mdr, H. (from),५०, beating) Beating with slippers.
JUTA, H. (b9-) The rope connecting the irrigating basket
with the handle.
JUTH, JooTH, also JATHA, H. (-39-, ५ं#-, S. यूय) JATA, KABA, A. (AAश्% from Kab, ५-*, a cube or sguare) Any
or JUTA, corruptly, JUTHA, Mar. (जट, जूट) A gang, a sGuare building ; whence, especially, the temple at Mecca,
troop, a company, a coparcenary, a brotherhood, a family
or corporation holding lands in common. In the Dakhin,
the collective designation of the members of a family,
amongst whom the lands of a willage were originally par
celled out; the primary Thalkari, the Bhayachara of
Hindustan. It is also rather loosely applied to the land
belonging to such a family, whether cultivated by them
selves or let to under-tenants.
24:}
KAB
|
| •7atta-blidu, Mar. (जूटभाज) A member of a proprietary
family in a village or district.
Jaithmudr, H. Ol9ं9-) Relating to common property, cor
| porate, joint, common, belonging to proprietary families
| or brotherhoods; settled or assessed according to frater
nities. _
JUTHALI, or JUTHELI, H. (L?' ं;*-- JAA#9-) also JUTfAN,
। (७५ं9-) ILand bearing two harvāts in the year.
JUTIAL, H. (J५G9-) A class of hereditary watchmen lo
cated in the tract under the Siwalik hills.
JwALA-M UKHi, S. (from ज्वाला, flame, and मुखं, mouth or
face) Any place where fire breaks from the ground, or
where sulphurous gas, which may be ignited, issues from
the soil, considered to be indicative of the presence of a
form of Durgā, as at the town in the first range of hills
so called, a place of pilgrimage of the Hindus.
५. w.
।
। J/eshthdnsa, S. (ज्येष्ट, and अंश, a portion) The right of
primogeniture, or the right of the eldest son to a larger
portion of the patrimonial property than his brothers ; a
right formerly recognised, but now obsolete, the partition
being edual.
•//esh{ha, or Jyaishtha, S. (ज्येष्ठ, ज्यैष्ठ) The month Jet/
or Jait (May-June).
J/aishthi, S. (ज्यैष्ठी) Day of full moon in the month Jair.
JwoTISHA, S. (ज्योतिष) Astronomy, astrology.
Jyotisha, S., vermacularly, Josi, Joshi, or Jotishi, (ज्योतिषी)
An astronomer, an astrologer ; the willage priest and as
tronomer, who prepares the calendar, casts nativities, and
announces the time propitious for any act; any astrologer
or fortune-teller.
K
to which pilgrimage is made by the Mohammadans.
KABA, Mar. (काबा) A description of people to the north
of the Maratha provinces, said to be a piratical tribe in
the gulf of Kach.
KABAp, KABAR, or KABAD, &c., Mar. (कबाड, काबाड)
Karn. KABAPA, (ंऽग्व्ॐ) A bullock load of wood,
grass, &c. ः Gu2. (%vtu९) A sort of pannier for horses.
JKabadi, or K4bddi, Mar. (कषाडी, काषाडी) Employed in
 KAB
bringing loads, a bullock, &c. : GuZ. One whose occu
pation is breeding horses and other animals : one who
conveys articles in horse-panniers : also a wood-cutter.
JKabddkhot, Mar. (काबाडखीत) A monopolist of firewood.
JKabddhhott, Mar. (काबाडखोती) A contract or monopoly
of the supply of firewood.
JKabadara, Karn. (Coथ्व्यवॐ) Remission of a part of KABITA, Thug. A term for the strangler among the Ja
the land-tax in favour of sugar cultivation, the deficiency
being made good by an impost upon the produce.
KABALA, also KIBALA, or 0IBALA, corruptly, CIBALBH,
KUBBALEH, COBALLA, &c., H. and other dialects, (A.
4५G) Any deed of conveyance or transfer of right or pro
perty, any contract of bargain or Sale signed by a judge,
a bond, a bill of sale, title-deeds, and the like. In the
northern Sarkārs it is said to apply especially to deeds
affecting titles to houses and gardens.
-Kabdla-ddr, H. 0le.JAG) The holder of a bond, one en
titled to any right in conseguence of forfeiture of a bond,
or the like.
*at-labdla, corruptly, Kote-cubbala, and Khut-labdla, H.
(Al५G ५-*) Kat-kobalaं, Ben. (देट्कांदोल) A conditional
engagement, a deed of conditional sale, as one stipulating
that if the purchase-price be not returned within a given
period the sale is absolute ; a mortgage-deed with liability
of sale if not redeemed by a stipulated time.
JKhush-kabala, H. (Ad५G Uं;*-) Unconditional engagement,
sale without stipulation ः the opposite of the preceding.
KABAR, Ben. (कीदiह) The last day of the month.
Kabdri, IBen. (कीदीती) Relating to the last day of the
month, due or payable on that day (wages, rent, &c.).
KABAR, KABUR, H. (9*४, काबर्) Second description of the
*ndr, or black soil of Bundelkhandः in the north-west
Provinces, a mixed soil of clay and sand, suitable to any
crop except rice.
KABBU, Karn. (ं) Sugar-came.
JKabbind-८/dma, Karn. (ंज्ञ7त्व्ं) A sugar-mill.
JKabbind-lemane, Karn. (*gण्०93oं) A sugar manu
factory.
- Kabbina-cdrada-kanddya, Karn. (ंशब्७e6०००००)
Sugar-cane lands taken under the direct cultivation by
the state, but subject to the land-tax formerly levied from
the Ryots.
-kabbinarasa, or -hdilu, Karn. (ंऽ४७, -व्वअ ९99) The
juice of the sugar-cane.
KApita A। (C)4*) A surety, bail, bond (Mohammadan law), ।
244
KAC
KABf N, (P. ७*५४) Ratification of a marriage in presence
of a KaZi ; a dower, a marriage-portion.
JK4bin-ndma, H. (P. &०७ ७*४) A deed in which the dower
is stated, a marriage settlement.
KABIRAJ, Ben. (करॊदिद्भञ्जि) A physician.
KABISO, Gu2. (A. %vilंतः।u) Intercalation, an intercalary year.
maldehi and Lodaha clans of Mohammadan Thugs, re
siding chiefly on the borders of Oudh.
KABR, corruptly, CUBBUR, H. (A. AG) A grave, a tomb.
JKabr-saldmi, H. (from –s~～~; a compliment) A fee to
the proprietor for permission to dig a grave on ground
belonging to him.
KABUL, H. &c. (A. J;:G) Consent ; consented or agreed to.
.Kabitliyat, corruptly, Cabooleat, Kabooleat, Cubalot, H.
&c. (A. ५~~~''* ) Kabalat, or Kabul4yat, Mar. (कबुलात,
कबुलायत) A written agreement ; especially one signifying
assent, as the counterpart of a revenue lease, or the do
cument in which a payer of rewenue, whether to the g0
vernment, the Zamindar, or the farmer, expresses his con
sent to pay the amount assessed upon his land.
Kabilijand), H. (P. ५--',#-) An answer filed in a suit,
acknowledging the demand.
JKabitl-kardr, H., but current in Orissa, apparently in
a peculiar sense, Uriya, (१g२१9al6) Werbal engage
-
ment. _
JKabal-katabd,or-latapd, vulgarly-kutba, Mar. (from कतबा,
or कदपा, a writing) The written assent of the Ryots to
the assessment taken by the Patil, and handed ower to the
IM6malat-ddr, or district colleotor.
JKabitla, Thug. A menial Servant of Thugs, or a nowice.
KABZ, KUBZ, OUBZ, H. (A. U4AG , lit., seiZing) KABAJ,
KUBUJ, Mar., Ben., &c. (कबज, बहदङ) A receipt, an ac
knowledgment ः in willage accounts, the JPatrodrā’s re
ceipt given to the cultivator for his instalments of rent :
in Marathi it is also applied to seiZure of property, or
seduestration of income for debt, or to the property or in
come so seduestrated.
JKab2-al-nasil, (?ub2-ool-ncusool, H. (A. J;०), ac५uisition)
A receipt, an acknowledgment, a discharge, a document
acknowledging the receipt of money or other valuables.
JKabig, H. (A. c24'G) A seiZer, a seguestrator, an occupant,
| a person in possession.
| KACHA, Thug. Unburied, or buried superficially (a body) : a
Thug informer.
 KAC KAC

KACHAHRf, KUCHUHREE, corruptly, CUTCHERRw, H. &c.
५.ेत्रं) KACHERf, Mar. (कचेरी) KACHHAHARf, or KACH
HARi, Ben. (श्रुत्री, कश्ांईी) KACHELI, Tel. ($य्9)
A court, a hall, an office, the place where any public
business is transacted : also, in Mar., the business carried
on there, or the people assembled.
KACHANI, Thug. One of sewen principal clans.
KACHAR, KACHHAR, H. 9५*, )५*, कवचारः, कछार) Moist
land, land lying low and along the banks of rivers, so as
to admit easily of irrigation or being flooded ; also, al
luvial formation or deposit.
KACHARAI, (?) H. Rent for pasturage : (probably an error
for Gocharai).
KACHCHA, Mal. (०b24) Unbleached cloth ; a waist belt;
the end of a lower garment gathered up behind and tucked
into the part that girds the waist ः (from the S. कष्व).
JKachchakkamakka, Mal. (co24c66)6roc86)) An account
or bill of sale of cloth given to the purchaser.
JKachchacatam, Mal. (cºb2-lo-ls०) Merchandise, trade,
especially in cloth. _ the day following the receipt.
JKachhacatakdram, Mal. (c6x24o-lscb0forrt) A merchant,
a trader, a cloth merchamt.
KACHCHA, KUCHCHA, incorrectly, KACHA, or KUCHA, and,
JKachch4-balami, also read -balanng/, -ballumny, and -be
hemny, (?) Resumption of one-tenth of the lands held by
the Ryots in Dinajpur, an item of the revenue of Bahar
in l702. (The second word is some inexplicable blunder
Fifth Rep. p. 222).
JKachchd-daulu, Karn. ($छ्रुतः।०८ळैयeo)
A rough estimate
of the walue of standard crops.
JKachch4-jamabandi, H. (from ८.sAj५xA-, settlement) The
gross rent-roll of a willage before setting off the charges
and expenses, whether the balance be payable to a Za
mindar or to the government.
JKachclid-khardu, Karn. (*ं व्3oॐ०) A rough draft, a
rough or sketch account, an account kept by the village
accountant of money received from the cultivators.
JKachchd-mitā, H. (from ८*** interest) Interest from a day
. preceding the loan, as opposed to Pakka-mit{, from a day
after, with reference to the practice of native bankers, who,
in their current account, charge interest on money ad
vanced from the day before, but on money received, from
JKachchā-kam/icisi, Mar. (कचीकमाविशी) A revenue office,
of which the person holding it has no interest in the col
lections.

corruptly, CUTCHA, KUTCHA, &c., H. &c. (!ं, कचा) KAN JK4chimnadat, Gu2. (%u२{\भु९०t) A bill of exchange not
CHA, Ben. (कt*प्र\) KACHI, KACHo, Gu2. (%u२{l, %tन्थu) yet due.
Raw, unripe, immature, crude, lit. or fig. ; as, a Kachchd JKachchd-8eru, Karn. (*छ्रुवळै७०)An inferior sdr, one of
house is one built of unbaked bricks or mud ; a Kachchdं twenty-four rupees' weight (Mysore).
person is one inexperienced, unskilful, silly : as applied JKachchdः-tahsil, H. (A. c५~～', collection) Collection of the
to weights and measures it denotes inferiority ; a Kachcha rewenue from the cultivators direct.
s6r is one less than the standard s6r : in revenue settle JKachch6-upaj, H. (from S. उपज, produced) Gross collections.
ments it implies a direct assessment, one made with the JKachcherd, Mar. (कचेणा) A contractor formerly employed
Ryot, or Ryotwar, either where there is no recognised at Bombay to keep the market supplied with coarse rice
farmer or proprietor, or where his right of collection is during the rainy season.
suspended, In the Bombay Glossary it is also explained, KACHCHHA, S. &c. (कच्छः) A shore, a coast, a site liable to
when applied to a statement of any kind, to signify one be flooded, whence the province of Cutch is so named.
minutely detailed (?). KACHCHALI, KACHCHII.I, or KACHCHALIKA, Karn. (ं,
JKachcha-dmdami, H. (P. 4…", income) Gross income or $ं *ं)
९?, An honorary distinction, as a medal, for
receipts, without allowing for charges or deductions. eminent services (Mysore),
Kachch4-4ml, Mar. (कचा अमल, A. ULAe) An office or ap KACHCHi-KATTE, Karn. (ंॐंe) A sort of village hall
pointment, in the profits or loss of which the holder has where the respectable inhabitaits assemble (Mysore),
no permanent interest : it is hence applied to villages and KACHHAURA, H. (9**) A small clan of Rājputs, of whom
items of revenue managed by gowernment officers for the a few are settled in Gorakhpur.
state, in distinction to those which are farmed. KACHHi, CACHHEE, H. (७f-४) Gu2. (%u४) A tribe of

(achcha-asdmi, H. (see 4sdmi) A temporary cultivator, one cultivators found in most parts of Hindustan, of which they
having no permanent or hereditary right of 9cdupation. are the gardeners especially, being employed in market
245 $ R
 KAC
and flower gardens, and raising vegetables and flowers
for sale. In Behar they are the principal growers of the
poppy. Those of the north-west prowinces, who are mostly
industrious agriculturists, reckon Seven branches, usually
denominated Kamaujia, IWardiha, Singrauria, Jaman
puria, Bamhamia or Madhya, Jaretha, and Kachhmodlia,
which do not eat together or intermarry. There are, how
ever, as noticed by Mr. Elliot, other distinctions, and in
the Maratha territory some of them are named from the
countries whence they have come, as the IBundela and
JM4rmrdri kdichluis.
JKachhidr, H. (?) Land enriched by alluvial deposit on the
banks of the Chambul, commonly cultivated for market
produce by Kitchluis, whence its name.
JKachhrodrd, H. ()9५#) Any portion of ground cultivated
by Kaichhis. Mr. Elliot derives the name of the prowince
of Cach, corruptly Cutch, from this circumstance : it rather
seems derivable from the Sanskrit Kachchha, any tract
of low or marshy ground near to a river or the sea.
KACH H wA, H. (*, कच्छवा) Low land.
KACHHwAHA, CUCHHwAHA, H. (As',ं?) A distinguished
tribe of Rājputs professing to descend from Kasa or Kusha,
the son of fºdmo, and forming the ruling race in Amber
of Jaypur, the Raja of which is of the clan.
KACH H wAR, H. (9;* ) A subdivision of the Kttrmi tribe. |
KACHIsA, H. (५~ं ) A subdivision of the Kttrmi tribe
found in Bahar.
KAcitwAssi, H. (.~'*) A minute division of land
measure, the twentieth of a Tismudnsi, of which twenty go
to a IBisrcdnsi, ५. w. : the term is now rarely used.
KADA, Hindi (कादा) Mud, slime, alluvial deposit, mud and |
vegetable matter left by the waters after inundation.
Jkada-kartd, Hindi (कादाकरता) Preparing soft or muddy
soil for transplanting rice.
KADA, or KApA, Karn. (ॐ, ॐ८ठब्) A loan without in
tereSt. । with a preparation of charcoal and gum, and used as a
kada-chitu, Karn. (ॐa#९&3०) A bond, a promissory |
nOte.
/kadama- or kadam-patra, Karn. (ॐंॐड, ॐ०:ंठं,)
A note of hand, a promissory note.
KADAl, Tam. (G००-- ) A shop, a market.
JKadai-ldrap, Tam. (E०ठ०LEBrTDrॐा) A shopkeeper.
Sārd/akadai, Tam. (GrTDrrTu-dGecठ०L) A spirit-shop.
KADAM, H. (A. •AG ) A foot, a pace, also used as a measure ;
in some parts of the north-west provinces twenty hadams
246
KAD
in each division make a Kachchd bighd, or about #th of
an aCre.
Kadam- or Kudum-bosi, H. (A. Feं, a foot, and P. c_****
a kiss) Respectful salutation, paying one's respects, e५ui
valent to kissing the feet of a superior, although not always
implying even prostration.
Kadam--rasul, corruptly, Kuddun-russool, H. (A. J;~9,
a prophe) An allowance or deduction from the revenue
granted by the native governments to the Zamindars to
cover the charge of keeping up a temple in which a slab
with impressions of feet, supposed to be those of the pro
phet, was preserved as an object of veneration.
KADAM, Tam. (Errgth, from A. (**ं, a foot or step) A
measure of distance, as much as a man may walk in three
hours ः it varies in diferent places, but is newer less than
eight miles.
KADAMAl, Tam. (Gl-co०ua) Debt : a tax.
JKadam, Tam. (EL-ॐा) Mal. (cos०) Debt, obligation ः tax.
Kadanchittu, Tam. (eEL-ॐार्क्L-G) A bond.
JKadankdram, Tam. (eaL&TerT Drॐा) JKadahadram, Mal.
(cesces)0(O(ob) A debtor, a creditor, a shopman.
IWadamkoduttacam, Tam. (G-्रा3GrrGट्टैgouयैी) A
creditor. _
KAIDAPA, Tel. (sॐ॰णां) The counter agreement executed by
the tenant in exchange for his lease.
KADAPPU, Tam. (G-LL-) A kind of rice that is reaped
from September to November.
KApARAMBAM, Tam., Karn. (GrTL-rTDrthLia, Co००
ॐ०६००) IDry land, or land which depends entirely upon
rain for watering ; the cultivation of such land. (This is
probably the correct form of the term Kadarnaibh-Guddce,
which is said to mean land watered by rain.-Selections
iv. 78().)
KADATAM, Karn. (ॐ3०) KADITAM U, Tel. (s०ॐoo)
KADITAM, Tam. (Gl4-रृंठta) A leaf of cloth blackened
slate for writing on with chalk or steatite ; leaves of such
। cloth, folded together, are commonly used as memorandum
and account books in Kanara : the writing may be effaced
। with a wet sponge or cloth.
* KA pATTA, Mal. (cessoo) Ferrying over, conveying across,
| accompanying travellers through a dangerous place.
Kadatta-kadaca, Mal. (ces(ं’Deesso- ) A landing-place,
a ferry.
JKadatta-karam, Mal. (cos(ंDeo6)9(oob) A ferryman.
 KAID
KADEGALA, Karn.($37त्व्e), from ॐ, last) Thelatterseason.
_Kadegdlada-pairu, Karn. (ॐठै7त्ळ० ँ5ं७) The latter
crop.
JKadehula, Karn. (ॐ&S०) The lowest of the castes, as
Pariah, &c.
KApHA, Mar. (काढा) Grain stipulated to be received by way
of interest or premium on money lent ; the practice of so
borrowing or lending.
JKadhami, Mar. (काढणी) Removal of crops from a field.
Kadhdodh, Mar. (काढास्रोढ) Borrowing from every guarter.
KADHUA, Thug. The head ; peculiar to some classes.
KADI, Tel. (s०) The yoke of a plough.
KADf, or KARI, Karn. ($०) KARI, Mal. (cof0) A bit, a
morsel, a chip, &c. ; boiled sour milk used with rice; and
hence, perhaps, comes the English word Curryः the word,
however, is apparently used similarly in Karnata and Ma
labar, as in the compounds, Majjije-kadi, (ंCं7ं ँ०)
A curry ofrice, Sour milk, spices, chilis, &c.
/Idita-kadi, Karn. (व्ठळॐ०) Ready money, money in hand.
KADiGATTU, Tel. (sexं ) A land or boundary mark, a
ridge or mound separating two fields.
KADi M, or KADiMi, H. &c. (A. /**eं, lit., old, ancient)
An old inhabitant of a willage, one holding by hereditary
descent; and, as being usually chosen from this class, ap
plied to the head man of a willage in the west of Bengal,
and in some parts of the peninsula.
Kadim-al-a/tim, H. (A. १५", days) From time immemorial.
Kadim-dihmudl, or Kadim-dihcartti, H. (from H. dihmodl,
J';*e, or dih-barttā, 'ं9%*e, a villager) A hereditary
cultivator, one professing to descend from the first settlers
(Asam).
JKadimā-rdiyat, H. (from A. ५~~49) A cultiwator of old,
an occupant of land by old hereditary descent.
KADf R, Tam. (ट्कंठौघै) An ear of corn.
_Kadirmadapgal, Tam. (Gंठीघैtal-n ed)) Close of the
harvest.
KADJAN, CADJAN, A term used by Europeans for the leaves
of the fan-palm, or cocoa-nut, on which the natives write
with an iron style: the lettersare sometimes,butnot always,
blackened with ink. The word is supposed to be of Por
tuguese origin, but this seems doubtful.
KADLE, or KADALE, Karn. ($3, ॐं) Bengal gram
(Cicer arietinum)ः in Karnata, as well as in most parts
of India, Kadali, S. (कदली) signifies the plaintain (Musa
sapientum).
247
KAG
KApU, Tam., Karn. (ErTG, CoॐO) Thicket, forest ; place
where dead bodies are burnedः in Tamil it also means
high and dry land, not capable of irrigation.
JKadpdp-ndnyam, Karn. (Coॐणक्ॐ SCO७8०) A fee or
tax payable to a low caste of Sttdras, who perform the
funeral obseguies (Mysore),
KAPAAT, A. (e=3aं) Resemblance ; in law, similarity of
condition and circumstances, Such as is reguired between
a man and woman to give legality to their marriage.
KAPALAT, or KIPALAT, A. (--Juं) Bail, security in general
according to the Shias ; it is limited to personal bail by
the Sunnis.
JKafalat-bil-dirk, A. (cº-%AJ५) Security against contin
gencies.
JKafalat-bil-mal, A. (JAJ५) Surety for property.
JKafailat-bin-ngf&, A. (U~ं-५५) Personal security.
K५filat-ndind, H. (P. & ०७) A bail-bond, or written en
gagement of security.
kāfil, or kafil, A. (c)G४, 9ंis) A surety.
IMakfiil, H. (A. J;*०) Bailed, given or taken as surety for,
according to the construction of the phrase ; as Makfal
ba-hi, the claim for which surety is given ; lfakfia-la
hu, the person demanding bail ; Mal fal-an-ha, the per
son or thing for whom or which surety is given.
KAPPA, H. (A. ं) A piece of cloth or rag steeped in the
juice of the poppy, and twisted into a bundle with others;
a sort of Smuggling of opium.
KAPARA, or KAFFARAT, A. C9' ँ) Expiation, penitence ;
in law, expiation for a violated wow, or the commission
of any sin, by mortification, almsgiving, &c.
KAFILA, H. (A. Adib) A caravan. ___
JK4fila-sdl4r, (P. )}५०) The chief of a caravan.
KAFIR, H. (A. P४) An infidel, one who does not believe in
the mission of Mohammad.
KAFiZ, A. GंG) A measure containing about 04lbs., a
measure of space, a sGuare of about l24 cubits.
JKafis-talidn, A. (Jeं ) Employing a miller to grind
corn for the payment of a measure of flour ; illustrative
of illegal contracts, in which the labourer is paid with
part of the produce of his labour, and which is considered
as illegal.
KAGAR, or CAwoAR, (?) A tribe of Chitrans Supported by
the Jharajas of Cutch (?).
KAGARA, Thug. Croaking of a large kind of crow, an omen
of good or bad luck, according to circumstances.
 KAG
KAG HAZ, KACHIZ, or KACHID, H. (A. Ae४, Aa४) vernacu
larly changed to KAGAJ, Ben. (कं?ख) KAGAD, Mar.
(कागद) KAkrrAMU,Tel. (st $ॐoo) KAGAJ, KAGADA,
Karn. (GoKaं, ठाळxॐ) Paper, a paper or document.
JKd0ada-patra, Karn. (ॐडॆ, S. पच, a leaf) A letter, a
voucher, a written document.
Rāhaं-bahd, H. (from P. ५:, price, expense) Office al
lowance for stationery. " lectorate, furnished by the collector, and to a similar state
Kaghaं-ā-hhdm, H. (from '-, rough) Rough draft of a
document or account, account of gross produce.
Kandaha:-arba, H. (A. plural of 3a४, and ed9', four) The
four written documents on which the proceedings in a suit
are grounded, or the written complaint, the answer, the
rejoinder and the reply.
_Kighagi, H., also Kigdji, Kigadi, &c. (A. ८.s$4४) A
paper-maker or vender, a stationer, a letter-carrier, of or
relating to paper or to writings.
KAH, H. (P. ४४) Grass, straw.
KAHAN, or KAHAN, corruptly, CAHAN, CAoUN, CAwN,
KHAHooN, H., Ben. (.,०४, शश्न, शीश्ांन, S. काषैपण) A
measure of value edual to sixteen Pamas of Kauri shells,
or l280 Kauris, varying, therefore, in value with the mar
ket price of the shells.
KAHAR, H. (,५*) A tribe of Stidras chiefly settled in Bahar,
following agricultural pursuits, but employed in towns as
palankfn-bearers; many of them in their own provinces
are slaves, and are considered impure.
KAI, corruptly, CUw, KAw, KAwr, Ky E, Tel. (ब्ऽ_) Karn.
(Gb) Tam. (०ठxes) Mal. (6)6ee ) The hand ः in the
Dakhini languages it is extensively used in forming com
pound terms implying handiwork, &c. ; but especially
with reference to pecuniary and revenue transactions in
Karnata and Mālayālim.
JKai-badalu, Karn. (ठैbeoॐe७) A loan of money for a
short time.
JKai-baraha, Karn. (Gb०४४०) Signature, hand-writing,
manuscript.
JKai-chchittu, Tam. (ठ्ठुeवै Gºu1.(B) A note of hand.
Kai-dastu, Karn. (पैbं) Possession ः use of public
money by government officers, accounted for as a debt to
the state under the former government of Mysore.
Jfai-dharmam, Karn. (वैbंoह-०) Endowment payable
in money to a temple by the granter direct ; any small
Sums given as alms.
Kai-Gada, Karn. (GSKॐ) A loan without interest.
248
KAI
_9
JKai-Turuttu, Karn. (फैbKoॐ०ठै५) Signature, handwriting.
manuscript. _9
Kai-l40ada, Karn. (doष्णश्**) A note-ofhand, a bond
signed by both borrower and lender, a written statement
or handwriting. Under the later government of Mysore
the term Kai-hdjada, or Kai-hdgha:, was applied to a
statement of the gross annual assessment of each col
ment reduired from each cultivator, shewing his whole
liability, without te deductions to which it was subject.
Kai-#4mil, Karn. (GoCo२99) Full statement, that of the
maximum revenue without deductions : see the preceding
JKai-hdnam, Mal. (6)6)coco-2००००) Property in hand, per
Sonal property. *
JKaā-hdmam-hdram, Mal. (6)6\०8x०6x96T०००6x9(orrt) A tenant
on an improwing lease.
Kai-hdnam-pattam, Mal. (6)6le6x०6x96r००a-a0s०) Tenure
by labour, or by an engagement to improve the property,
on condition of holding it for a stipulated period.
Kai-hdram, Mal. (6)6)०6x०6x9(orrt) A handicraftsman, an ar
tificer ; also a person of property.
.Kaikkilan, Kaikkila cam, corruptly, JK?/kullee, Tam.
(०ठ०e:Geकl6rTCंठा, ०ठ२e8कैeक्री6rT6a-lcठैT) A weaver by
caste and occupation.
JKai-k6la, Tel. (हst9) The name of a caste, or indi
widual of it, usually occupied in weaving.
JKai-httli, Karn. (फैb 9) Hire or pay at the time when
work is done : Mal. (6)6)cthंae-]]) A fine paid by a lessee
to the proprietorgn the renewal of a lease.
JKai-ole, Karn. (Gbe~ं) A writing on an ola, or palm
leaf; a statement of the total assessment So written : see
JKai-lºdgada.
-Kai-padaru, plural, Karn. (?) A class of predial slaves in
Kanara, a subdivision of the IDhers.
-Kai-pdda, Mal. (6)6)con-ups) Kaippadu, Tam. (०ठ०eBu1
t-lrT(B) Handicraft, manual labour ; in Mal. also actual
possession.
kaippanam, Mal. (6)6)cºg-4CO०) Ready money, money in
hand.
JKaippattumilam, Tam. (&PGL-pppl6ota) ILand in
one's own possession.
JKaipporul, Mal. (6)6)८b6)g-9(ॐ७०) Possession of property,
property in hand, whether personal or real.
JKaimatal, Mal. (6)6)co2(O(ob) Personal property, money,
jewels, &c.
 KAI KAJ

#ंaissattu, Tam. (०ठ-८,वै GrTठैे) An invoice, a list; a । * JKaifiat-i-band-0-bast, H. (P. ५-२५ 9 A५, ५. v.) Particular
mark in place of a_9signature.
_
statement of revenue assessment, or any other settlement.
JKai-tappu, Karn. (फै8ं) A slip of the hand, a mistake KAfoADDE, Karn. (ष्ठव्०००x३)
Pulse, any sort of legu
in writing or in countiug
_9
money. । minous vegetable.
JKai-pdda, Karn. (ंशब्ॐ ) Handicraft, manual labour. । Kdi//amu, Karn. (०व्)०००xंC) A seller of vegetables.
_9

JKai-cali, Karn. (फै8ॐ९?) A cess formerly paid in kind । KAIL, KAILU, or KAwALU, corruptly, Kw LE, Tel. (-5e),
for betel gardens and rice fields.
JKai-odpya, Mal. (6)6abo-9ं)) Borrowing for a short ।
time, on a verbal promise to pay.
JKai-oasya, Karn. (ेऽॐ७8) Actual poSSession.
JKai-pidu- or Kai-cidu-0tti, corruptly, JK/cedoothi, Mal.
(6)6)eeso-13, 6)6)ee-o-h36३०cºn) A kind of mortgage in
Malabar, by which, in consideration of a sum of money,
the proprietor of an estate transfers it to the lender to hold, ।
without prejudice to his own proprietary right, but which ।
precludes the mortgagee from disposing of the land to a ।
third party for more than he paid, or on any other terms
than those on which he acduired the occupation : if he
wish to dispose of it he is bound also to give the pro
prietor the option of redeeming it.
JKai-pidu-ottā-haranam, Mal. (from cºb(o6T००, deed) A
deed of mortgage of the kind above described.
JKaiyadai, Tam. (co०८BLLCOP-) A bribe.
JKaiyerpur, Tam. (Cठ२८Gu-pl-) Allowance ofgrain given
to village servants at harvest-time from the threshing-floor.
Idankai, or Idangai, ५. v. The left-hand, the left-hand ।
CaSteS.
_ Tं go, $०ऽoe७, from the A. O.A% measure) The actual
measurement of the crop after it is threshed, and before
its division between the cultivator and the government.
। JKail-asdmincdr{-dn'arjd, Tel. (see Andrija) Adetailed state
ment of the produce of each Ryot's land by measurement.
JKail-ddr, Kailuddru, &c. Tel. (P.)le, whohas) A weighman
or measurer, a superintendant of the measurement ofthe crop.
JKaili, Mar. (कैली) Relating to measure, by or of measure
as opposed to weight, and prefixed in that sense to names
of measures ; as, JKailā-man, a mam or maund by mea
sure, not by weight.
JKail-pechcluu, Tel. (ढ्ह 9ब्)ं) A portion of the grain in ex
cess of their Share by measurement,granted to the cultivators.
। KAist, H. &c..(A. PG) KavAsl, Tel. (ssoंo०) Firm,
lasting, erect.
Kd/am-gutta, Karn. (ठव्)०७००)KSठै .) The lease or farm of
a willage at a fixed rent, with right of subletting the land.
JKdim-makdm, corruptly, Fainkam, or Ca/macan, H. (A.
'श्-० *्७) A representative, a substitute, one in the place
of another, a deputy, a viceroy.
। k//am-sibbandi, Karn. (ठाळ०ऽ००९:१००) A fixed establish

Walankai, or Walam0ai, g. v. The right-hand, the right-hand ment.

caSteS. JKaima-pep-ktiru,Tam. (Cठ०८BLaG-ऽठष्ठाGr-pp) Portion due

KAIBARTTA, Ben. (S. द्वेदवड्डुं) A fisherman by caste and oc । to a widow from her husband's estate : (from Kaimabem, a
cupation ; he is sometimes a domestic or predial slave, । " widow).

having sold himself or been sold as a child. । KAIMAJ, Mal. (6)6)८e,20०) A title of rank amongst the Nairs,
KAID, H. (A. AAG) Confinement, bond, fetter. । and used by the inferior classes when addressing them,
JKaidi, H. (.sAAG) A prisoner, a convict. as, My lord, and the like.
JKaidhhdna, H. ( ं'5-A.G) A jail, a prison. KAINI, sometimes written KHARNI, H. (?) A cultivating
KAi DA, or KAiDAT, plural KAwAi D, H. &c. (A. see:G, tenant, bound also to labour on the land retained by the
oel,s) KAy DA, Ben. (कीपली) A rule a regulation, a landlord in his own hands, and to serve him as a porter :
law. (probably the same word as Gaini, ५. w),
KAi FiwAT, Kw FEEvUT, vernacularly, KAIPHivAT, corruptly, | KAIRI, ? KAINI, Tam. An irrigated field.
KwPHwUT, H. &c. (H. ं ) Statement, description, re KAIv ERTTA, vernacularly, KAIvART, or KAIBART, S. (केवर्त्ते)
। port, account particulars. In the Jama-bandf north-west A fisherman by caste and occupation t see Kaibartta.
provinces a column for remarks is so headed, In the south KAJ, Thug. A traveller, or any man not a Thug.
it is applied to any authenticated document or woucher, JKaji, Thug. A woman, not of a Thug tribe.
Such as a written authority from a husband to a wife to KAJAni, Mar. (काजारी) A caste or an individual of it,
adopt a son after his demise. । whose chief occupation is making glass bracelets.
24{) 8 s
 KAJ
KAJ.JU, Tel. (ं’, (?) error for *ं, KABJU, for KABZ,
q. w.) A receipt.
KAkA, Ben. (देहिl) KAKKA, Karn. (ं) A father’s younger
brother.
JKiki, Ben. (कशरी) Kakhachchi, Karn. (*ं ) A father’s
younger brother’s wife.
KAKAMBr, Karn. (ठाढ6०४०) Refined sugar, the inspissated
juice of the cane.
KA KAPURI, Gu2. (%u%u५{\) A slave born in the house.
KA KHIALf, H. (S. ७५*) Sheaves or bundles of corn given
as the perguisite of the reapers and willage servants.
KARPAD, Mar. (काकपद, lit., crow's-foot) A mark v or A indi
cating where something interlined should be read, a caret.
KAKINI, Ben. (S. दशदिश्नी) Five gaadas or twenty lauris,
also a Kauri, ५. w.
KAkwI, Mar. (काकवी) The juice of the sugar-cane boiled
to the consistence of honey.
KAL, Tam., Mal. (GrT6b) The leg, the foot ; in Malabar, any
tree that serves as a standard for the pepper or betel-wine.
KAI.A, vernacularly KAI, S. &c. (J४, काल:) Time in general
or any particular time or Season. Death, destiny ; also
adj., Black : see JKatld, and Kdli.
-kalakrayam, S. (कालक्रयं) Market value, price of the day.
JKalakriydpatra, Karn. (from the S. fक्रया, act, and पच,
leaf) A deed of conveyance.
JKalapilli, Tam. (GrToot-lLf6T6ार्गः) An estimate of pro
duce taken early at the time of reaping.
JKail4oadi, Tel., Karn. ( see:3b, from S. स्रवधिः, term)
The season of cultivation, the begining ofit, when arrange
ments are made with the Ryots : also, the close of the
Season, or of the year.
Kaildya, Mal. (८6,0e-49Cou) Land that has been reaped ; the
same cultivated a second time in the same year.
.JKailayukti, S. &c. (कालयुक्)ि The fifty-second year of the
cycle.
K4likd or Kalik6-oriddhi, S. (कालिकावृद्धि) Periodical
1nterest.
KALA, S. &c. (कला) An art, a craft, especially a fine art,
as music, painting ; also, a mechanical art, as carpentry
and the like : also, a part, a portion.
JKalddiha, Uriya (१२॥६६) Elevated land.
JKalatsa{tri, Mar. (from S. सूच, a thread, the string that
works a puppet) An exhibitor of puppet-shows ; also, a |
rope-dancer and juggler, or an itinerant musician and
_
dancer.
250
KAL
JKaldn'amt, H. (c~ं;"*) A professional musician and singer.
JKaldmgamtin, H. (Jं;"*) The female of the former, her
self a singer and dancer.
KALA, Karn. (*१) KAAs, Tam and Mal (Gorria)
KALLAM U, or KAJ.JAM U, Tel. ($१ ॐOO, ४छ्भ्ँOO) A
threshing-floor, a place where the grain is beaten or trod
den out : see Khala.
JKalamadi, Tam. (E6TLa्ठी) Estimate of the grain on
the threshing-floor.
JKalamadai, Tam. (G6Tोप्,००–) A heapofgrain unthreshed :
an account of the actual produce of a field, distinguish
ing the shares of the gowernment and cultivators) and the
allowance to the willage servants.
JKalappadi, Tam. (G6ITLL-19-) A portion of grain out
of the produce of all taxable lands alloted to the labourers,
whether slaves or hired Servants.
JKalappdt, Mal. (cº9.3-?s) A barn, a threshing-floor.
Kalappichchai, Tam. (ट्E6ITLLीG*०ठ०G) Grain from the
threshing-floor given in charity. "
Kallatiruca, Tel. (*१धै७७३) Fees on threshing grain.
JKalattum6du, Tam. *(८6न छै८.GuPG) A threshing-floor.
Kalapadi, Tam. (G6IT6-l9-) Sweepings of a threshing
floor.
JKalacdsam, incorrectly I(iilacdisam, and Kallapassum, Tam.
(ट्E5rTourTGta) Hire or fee given to labourers or slaves,
or inferior village servants, of a portion of grain from the
threshing-floor, or from the field.
KALA, H. &c. (S. ५४, काला) Black.
JKdldpdni, IBen. &c. (कीलiºfनिी, from S. पानीय) Black water,
the sea, applied more especially to transportation beyond sea.
KALA, GuZ. (%u८au) Cotton in the pod, uncleaned cotton.
KALAf, H. &c. (Lं) Tin, tinning of copper utensils.
JKalāijar, H. 0ंxs) A tinman, a worker in tin.
KA !.Al, Tam. (Eऽठ॰6IT) Grass or weedsgrowing amongst corn.
KAIAkkAR, Tam. (G6TGGप्रे) People of a low caste, the
same as the Pale/ar, hunters and fowlers.
KALAL, also KALAR and KALwAR, incorrectly, KALLAL, H.
&c. (J' ं, )' ं, )', ं, कलाल, कलार, कलवार) A dis
tiller, a maker and vendor of spirituous liduors : (from
the S. कल्पपाल:),
JKaldli, Kalari, Mar. &c. (कलाली, कलारी) A wineseller,
a wintner, a tavern-keeper ; any thing relating to spirituous
li५uors, a tax upon them, excise.
| JKaldijamd, H. &c. (***-Jº3) Revenue from the excise or
।
duty on spirits.
 KAL
JKalalkhana, corruptly, Kalalconna, Mar. &c. (from P. ं\5-,
a house) A liguor-shop, a place where spirituous liguors
are sold, or where they are distilled ; a distillery ; a duty
paid by the venders.
KALAM, OULUM, corruptly, CULLUM and CALLUM, H. &c.
(A. PG, कलम) A pen, or a reed (calamus) used as one ;
a brush ; also, sometimes, handwriting, a paragraph, an
item, an article, a column of an account.
JKalambandi, Mar. (कलमबंदी) A writing under distinct
heads, as, a code of instructions, articles of agreement ;
enrolling, enlisting. In GuZ. it is used to mean attach
ment, seduestration ; also, a document shewing the state
and management of a district.
JKalamuddn, H. &c. (JAAG) A penholder, an inkstand,
an ornamented, varnished, oblong case for holding pens and
ink, and worn in the girdle as the insignia of civil office.
JKalami, H. &c. (_*J) Relating to a pen, or to writing, K AI.AwI, KALIvr, Karn. (ॐं२, ॐ९*२) Counterfeit, forged.
authentic, official, written as opposed to verbal. Kalioi-hana, Karn. (ठै९?२०६०) Counterfeit coin.
JKalama/td)‘{, Tel. (s००se6) ChintZ, or chintZ-painting | KAI.Aw U, Karn. ($१्७) Thef।, robbery.
or manufacture.
JKalamkuchardif, Mar. (कलमकुचराई) Bad or erroneous |
writing, leaving out a letter, or the like ; also, fraudulent |
omission of an item im am account.
KAI.AM, corruptly, CULLU M, Tam. (G6ota) A measure,
edual to twelve markdls, G. v.
KALAMA, Tel. (soंC) A hollow formed by water that
escapes from the edge of a reservoir : Tel. and Karn.,
Rice that ripens in IDecember.
KAI.AMA, KAJAME, or KAJAMIGE, Karn. (ॐंO, ॐंo,
ॐं२७7ं) A field of paddy, a crop of standing paddy.
KALANGAst, (?) Land paying no tax except when cultivated,
KALANTAR, Mar. (कलतिग्) Interest on money.
KALAPATI, IBen. (कीलiºfiउि, Port. CALAPATA) Caulking a
ship or boat ; a caulker.
KALAPPAI, Tam. (G69-५०००-) A ploughshare and handle.
KALAPPU, Tam. (८छ6TLL-) Levelling a field after re
mowing the grass. _ and dark-coloured mouldः it forms the greater portion of
KA!.AR, H. 9ं, कलर) A soapy soil used by washermen, a
sort of fullers’ earth.
KALAR, KAI.ARI, corruptly, KALLAR,Tam. (G०TT टैr,८56rTDh)
Barren soil, waste ground.
KAARI, Mal.(co3) (Gl) Aschool where the use ofarmsis taught.
JKalarmilam, Tam. (E6Tद्यैरृl6ota) IBarren or sandy soil.
JKalarmeda, Tam. (G6ITप्रे'GLa$) High land, unprofitable
for cultivation.
251
KAIL
|
KALA5f, or KALsf, KULSEE, H. &c. (L’“*ः S. कलशी) A
| water-jar, usually of baked clay, an ornament or knob on
। the top of a wall or a building.
JKalasiptija, S. (कलशीपूजा) Placing a water-jar in a
chamber as a type of or receptacle of Durg4, or other
divinity, and worshipping it.
JKalasisthdjpama, S. (स्यापनं, placing) Setting up a water
jar as an object of worship : part of the marriage cere
mony, in which offerings are made to the .planets in dif
ferent vessels.
KAIASI, Karm. (ॐo3) A measure ofgrain, one third of a
?nora : in GuZerat it has the same sense, but is egual to
I6 maunds, or 040 s6r’s or lbs.
KALAwARA, Mal. (co; P–lo-l O) A store, a granary.
JKalacara-kdram, Mal. (c6xP–lo-l००6x9(omb) A steward, a
storekeeper, a treasurer.
KALAw, Ben. (कश्लiप) Pulse of various sorts.
KALAwA, Mal. (cº95-40Co) Land that has been reaped and
cultivated for a second crop.
KALI, or KALI-w UGA, vernacularly, sometimes, KALI- or KAL
JUG, corruptly, CALy-wooGUM, CAL- or KU L-JoGUE, S.,
but in all the dialects, (कलिः, कलियुग) The Kali age,
the last and worst of the four ages that make up a great
age : the present age of the world is the Kali, supposed
to have begun on Friday, the ISth of February, Bl02
| years B.C., and it is to last altogether 4:92,000 years, form
|
ing a period of progressive iniguity and deterioration, and
ending in the general dissolution of existing forms.
KALI, Ben. (कiलि) The product of a sum in arithmetic : also,
as derived from ffifl4, black, ink.
JKali, H. &c. (J४) Black.
Kali-blitinai, or bhai, II. &c. (c_४९*? ७४ _s;:-, काली
भूमी, from S. भुमी, eartli) Black soil,a rich, vegetable,
the soil of western GuZerat, and spreads widely through।
Malwa and the walleys of the Dakhin : although less pro
ductive than another kind of Soil found in GuZerat, termed
ndrrod, it is highly favourable to the growth of wheat and
COttOn.
| KA !.i, incorrectly, KALLEE, Mar. (काठ्ठी, it is no doubt
। the same word as the Hindustani KALI, though written
with a different !) Arable land in general, from its being
 KAL
usually of a dark colour : black soil or mould, cultivable
land of a superior guality ; the underlying ground in the
Dang, receiving and retaining moisture during the cold
season, and especially fit for wheat and other Spring crops :
the term is applied also to the crops or produce of Such
soil.
Kali-ch4-paikd, or -masttl, Mar. (काव्ठीवापेका, -वमूल) Re
venue from cultivated land ; land-tax or revenue.
JKali-chaahari, Mar. (काळीचुणकरी) Black soil upon a
Substratum of lime, which renders it very unproductive.
I(iili:jamd ,Mar. (काठ्ठीजमा) Revenue derived from the soil.
Dumbi-hdli, or Dhas-kali, (?) Mar. Cracked black soil:
see JDumbi.
Kharkal-kali, Mar. (खंडकलकाळी) Black soil containing
stones ; less rich than the usual black mould, but, as more
retentive of moisture, and more easily worked, it is rarely
left fallow, and is very productive.
KALi, Karn. (Cथ9९) An ancient measure of weight in My
sore, edual to 40 hdmis of80 rupees each, or to B200 rupees.
KALi, H. &c. (S. _४, काली) The name of a popular god
dess, the wife of Siva, So named from her black com
plexion ; the same as Dect or JDur//d.
Kali-chakram, Tam. (GIT6fीePGeीDrta) A gold coin
having a figure of the goddess Kitlf, formerly current in
the south. .
KALINGAL, Tam. (G6ंीr Je60) An outlet or sluice for carry
ing off the surplus water of a reservoir.
KALINGU, Tam. (E6ंीri–IC) A dam, a stone bank or dyke,
a sluice.
KALiT, (?) Mar. An estimate of standing corn, or of fruit
before gathering. _ of Brahmā, or 4:}20 millions of years : a ceremonial or
KALIvAwANII.AM, Tam. (G6नी6-rTu-गुडी6oia) A clay soil.
KAI.JA, Karn., Mal. (*४,
cº2).3) False, cheating, deceptive.
Kalla, Kallamu, Ka#(*४, ॐंC) A thief a plumderer #
plural Kallaru, (ं &७y* Thieves, whence the Colleries
of the peninsula in early English writers.
JKallachcharaklia, Mal. (cº3).3).24(oco6) Smuggled goods.
Kallakhammittam, Mal.(cº9.3).cº622ी3०) Counterfeitcoin.
Kallaharanam, Mal. (cex2.3.cex(o०`००) Forged or false
title-deeds or documents.
Kallam, Mal. (cº3).3).fft) A cheat, a rogue, a liar, a
swindler : (no doubt connected with the Karn. term Kalla,
as abowe).
JKa!!apadi, Karn. (ं ँ००) A false measure.
Kallaritju, Karn. ४(ं ॐ9ae’) A forgery, a false signature.
252
KAM
JKallasdkkhi, Karn. ($ंत्येव्ं,) False witness.
KA.],ADI, or KAt.JARI, 'Mal. (co9.2.25)) A class of pre
dial slaves in Malabar : in some lists it appears, probably
incorrectly, as part of a compound term, kallddi-ltamakan :
it is no doubt connected with the Karn. Ka!a.
KALLAwENTU, Tel. (ं,व्9०४xx) A client ; being in fact
the English word.
KALLU, Thug. A thief
Kallu{, Thug. Theft.
KALLI, Karn. ( ँ) The Euphordia or milk hedge plant,
very common in *Mysore.
KALLI, (?) GuZ. A system of assessment under which the
crops are not allowed to be disposed of until the revenue
is paid, or Security given for its payment.
KALLU, also KALyAyru, Tel. (ं, $98ं99) KALLA, Mal.
(८6-3.3) T4r{, the fermented sap of diferent kinds of
palm trees.
KALLU, Tel., Karn. (ं) KAL, plural KALLUKAL, Tam.
(G60, eE606ule6fr) KALLA, Mal. (cºg G) A stone.
JKalldg//uttu, Tam. (E606orTr-lंठंठै८) Hard stony
ground, not worth cultivating.
Kallukatija, Karn. (6ं ***) A stonecutter, a mason.
JKalluppu, Karn. ($ं)) Rock-salt.
Kalkachcham, Mal. (०6xe-Aco24rrty) A stonecutter, a mason.
JKallumatada-aj//a, Karn. (ंoॐ e9०CO8) A Lin
gamite priest.
KALMAH, or KALIMAH, H. (A. &As) A word, a speech ;
the Mohammadan confession of faith, " There is but one
god, and Mohammed is the apostle of God.”
KALPA, S. &c. (कल्प:) A very long period of time ; a day
ritual precept; the ritual of the Wedas.
KALU, IBen. (क्लू) A maker and vender of oil by caste and
occupation : grinding or expressing oil from different seeds.
KALUBU, Karn. (G४००99) Weeds and grass in standing
COrn.
KALwA, Tel. ($५S) A water course.
KAM, KU M, H. (P. ) ILittle, less, deficient : commonly
used also in compounds, as JKam-balkht, unfortunate, de
servedly so, a scoundrel : Kam/dbi, rarity &c.
](amdn, IBen. (कभiन) Lowering the price of any thing,
diminishing the rent of land.
JKamdar, Uriya (G१०9.) Land of inferior guality.
। kandir, or Kandast, Mar. (from P. 9le, having, or
५-~५-', the hand) Reduced rate of assessment.
 KAM
JKami, kumee, corruptly Cummee, H. (.* ) Kammi, Tel.
($२९) Littleness, deficiency, loss : deficiency in the weight
or value of coins, loss in exchange, an allowance formerly
made in the public accounts to cover Such losses in the
collections.
kamā-heshā-dar fardi, H. (A. e,*, a statement, ५. v.) In
Bengal, an account formerly kept, shewing the diminution,
(kam?) and increase (hesh?) of the revenue, Settled for at
the commencement of the year with each cultivator.
Kamā-jamin, Hindi (कमिजमीन) Statement of the decrease
of land in cultivation (Puraniya).
Kamān, corruptly Kumenee, H. (P. ७*** ) Base, low, in
ferior : applied, in the north-west provinces, to the artificers ।
and servants of a village, who, besides allowances in grain,
receive small allotments in land, and are therefore " minor’'
or inferior cultivators : the term is also sometimes applied
to all the residents of a village, except religious mendicants,
who are not cultivators : in Kamaon the term designates
the superintendant of the village management.
JKaminā-hdich/, H. (-३-५._ं-**) A tax levied by the pro
prietors of a village on every resident who is not engaged
in agriculture : a Sort of ground-rent for the non-cultiva
tor’s dwelling.
Kamhdsht, Hindi (कमकाशात) Decrease in the cultivation ।
of an individual cultivator, as compared with a preceding
period (Puraniya).
Kamkholha, (?) H. Land of inferior guality, but let by the
year.
JKamakism-2amin, II. (from A. ~* , sort and J:-9, land)
Land of an inferior sort or guality.
Kan-o-besh, H. (P. U*.}} } •* ) Less or more.
JKomm-o-bes/{, corruptly JKumi-a-beshi, H. (P. ८**: 9 * )
Less- or more-ness applied especially to disputes among
the coparcenery proprietors of a willage regarding the
proportions of their Shares.
KAyr, Tel. ( ss०) A revenue term implying private or own
(it is no doubt a vernacular corruption of khdm, ५. w)
K4natekha, Tel. (ss०डं ) A private account usually ।
kept by the village accountant besides his public accounts.
KAM, H. &c. (,४. काम, from the S. Karmma, कम्मै:) Work,
business, affair, (in composition and derivation the vowel K4mhar{, Mar. (कामकर्णी, from S. कर्, who does) A work
is not unfreduently made short). man, a hired labourer.
Ka?n८1ं, H. &c. (.s५**, कमां) Gain, profit, earnings : in । KAMAL or KAMIL, corruptly, KAMUL or KAU MIL, H. &c.
Marathf it is also applied to any complete operation or
set of operations, as, in agriculture, to Inanuring, raking,
258
KAM
। ploughing, sowing and reaping, also to mixing up ingre
dients to make a single mixture, and the like.
Kaimdishi, JKamdicishi, Karn. (&ंOठ०००:A, ॐoठ२३०)
JKamdishu, Tel., Karn. (sंगश्OOOCo) JKamdoisi, JKa
marisi, Kamaicis, Mar. (कमाविसी -शी, कमावीस, from
S. कम्मै, and cis, विश , to enter into, or engage in) Ma
nagement of affairs, whether on behalf of an individual or
the estate, stewardship, Superintendence : amongst the
Marathas it applies especially to the business of collecting
the revenues, also to the collections, especially when of a
miscellaneous kind : also, advantage, gain, profit.
Ain-Ramacis, Mar. (ऐनकमावीस) Fixed collections in kind
on warious sorts of garden produce, as Sugar-cane, plan
tains &c.
Jaistā-hamaic{s, Mar. (जासतीकमावीस) Miscellaneous or extra
collections, as of a tax on trades and professions, a discount
on different sorts of rupees &c.
JKamaipis-ddr, or Kamdisi, corruptly Komapeesdar, Comnd
reesdar, Komisdar, Komashdar, Mar, GuZ. (कमIवीसदारं,
कमाद्दैशी) The head revenue-officer of a district, entrusted
also with the police. In Kanara the kamdishiddr, or
Kamdip{si-ddr was also especially the collector, managing
lands that were permanently or temporarily occupied by
the state, the Amin of the upper provinces. *
Äam4c48-jand, Mar. (कमावीसजमा) Revenue from miscel
laneous and irregular Sources, as judicial fines &c.
{dmddr, H. &c. ()'A-८४) A man of business, an agent, a
steward, a representative, especially in revenue matters.
Hं4mdd)’i, H. &c. (.9'A-८४) The office or duty of a manager
or man of business.
I(iiingttr, Mar. (कामगार्) A servant, a manager, a public
officer, a person employed on public works.
Kaimgairi, Mar. (कामगाग्री) Agency,deputation ; also, repairs,
public works.
Rāmhdj, H. &c. (a४-४, कामकाज, from S. कम्मै and कायै )
Work, business in general.
Kaimhd), H. &o. (कामकार्) Business, affairs ; also, one
who carries on work or business.
Kaimh6?-bhaiy, Mar. (कामकारभारं, from S. भारं, a burden)
। Public affairs, the duties of a court or of a gowernment.
(A. J' ं, d).८४) Entire, perfect, complete : in revenue
language, the whole sum raised by a willage for the total ofits
8 T
 KAM KAM

expenses, including the government demand ; also, the of the IDakhin, K4mat lands are described as either those
largest amount of revenue realiZed from a village or district ; reserved by public officers for their own use, Jagfr lands
also, in the south of India, the fixed or Standard assessment, cultivated by their servants, or lands not expressly Inām,
as determined in different places by former gowernments. but appropriated or obtained in grant by public servants
Kamdl-4hdr’, Mar. (कमालाकारं) The total assessment of a or great men, and cultivated either by hired or compul
village. SOry labour.
JKamil-didr, H. (A.)'Ac, touch) Of perfect standard, of JKamata///idu, Tel. ($3oॐ7त्’ॐ७) JKamatagdramu, Karn.
pure touch or assay (coin, &c.). (ॐoडे7त्ळऽऽ०) A person who cultivates lands belong
Kanā-hdrij, JKamail.jamd, H. &c. (from 6)*५० ***-, &c., ing to another with the farming stock of the owner.
implying collections) The total collections or rewenue of KAMATHf, corruptly, KAMATEE, CoMPTiE, and CoMPTiE
a district. BANIA, Mar. (कामाठी) A caste of Sidras, or individual
Kamdil-dhdrd, incorrectly, Kumal-dhur, Mar. (कमालधारा) of it ; according to one statement, those in the Maratha
The standard assessment of some of the districts of the districts are distinguished as Tailanga and Karnata Kaं
IDakhin, as established about A.D. l700. mdithis, from their country ः at Puna they are said to be
KAMARDAl, Tam. (eELaºrcरु-) The transfer of proprietary employed as rice-cleaners, grinders of corn, and cutters
land by a proprietor, who is unable to cultivate it himself, of sticks, tent-pitchers, and artillerymen ; they also sell
to another person, to hold for a given term, on condition of Snuffः in Telingana they are also petty retail dealers, or
allowing the owner a proportion of the produce, the occu chandlers ः in Mysore they are chiefly employed in road
pant engaging not to dispose of the land to a third party. making, and in repairing public works : in general they
KAMAR-KUSHAI, corruptly, CUMMUR-KESHAw and KUM MUR seem to be common labourers, and are probably the same
KASHAN, H. (P. .s५*9**ः from)**, the loins, and ७e५*, as the Ganges water-carriers of Hindustan : see Kitmdrthi.
to open or untie) KAyrAR-KHULAi, Mar. (कमरखुलाई, from KAyrApi, KAyrAproANU, Karn.(०व्)ंxग्टं,००ंCoe3xंC)
H. Kholna, to open) KoMAR-RASHAi, IBen. (८कशभङ्गहषींश्) A bricklayer, Tel. ( sष्3oo&3) A pioneer, a labourer,
lit., Undoing or opening the waistband ; a fee levied by one who works with a pickaxe or Spade (no doubt the
a gowernment peon, or inferior native officer, from a per same word as the preceding Maratht term).
son over whom he is placed in charge, for permission to | KAMBALA, wernacularly, KAMBAI, or KUMBUL, also ver
।
।

perform any of the common functions of life. In Bengal || nacularly modified, as KAMI., KAMBALI, or KAMLI, cor
it is said to mean money given to a runner or messenger । ruptly, CUMBLw, CoMLI, CoM BLw, &c., S., but in all the
on his setting out for any distance (but this is doubtful). dialects, (कम्बल:, कंबल, कमली, U५ं% UAs, JAA% &c.)
KAMARTHf, H. (S. ५s’)७४) A person who carries the water of A coarse woollen wrapper or shawl, a blanket : Kamali,
the Ganges to distant places in vessels cased in basket-work. ' blanketed,’ is also applied to a butcher’s stall, which is
KAMAT, Mar. (कामत) A distinction amongst the Semancis, usually cowered with a woollen cloth.
५. w., usually added to the name, as Itdm-Kdinat. KAst BALAI, Tam. (Gtal-860) A rice-field.
KAMATAM U, or, omitting the final, KAMATA or KAMATAM, KAMBAR, Tel. (s०&96) Rope made from the fibre of the
corruptly, KUMENATAM, KAMBATAM, and CoMPTUM, Tel. cOc0a-nut tree.

(ं9ं99) The cultivation which a cultivator carries
on with his own stock, but by the labour of another : the
land which a Zamindar, Jagirdar, or Inamdar keeps in
his own hands, cultivating it by labourers, in distinction
to that which he lets out in farm. The word occurs ap
KAMBARI, Tel. ($०थ्TO) Al sub-tenant, an under-farmer.
KAMBARLU, Tel. (plural s०थ्”eoF) Cultivators oflands for
other persons (perhaps for Kamata-cdndlu) ; see Kamata.
KAMBATTAM, Tam. (Gub---ta) Coinage, fabrication of
coin.

parently, although not very commonly, in Upper India, as JKambatta-kkadam, Tam. (Gta---फैट्"--ta) A mint.
JKamat, (कामत), to signify lands held by a non-resident KAMBATTAM, KAM MATTAM, Tam. (GE ta-āंत्रta, GuaLeंठं
tenant, who cultivates by a hired servant, or Kimatं, यूठta) IIusbandry on a large #cale : grant of a village for
(कामती) ; also, an entry in the village accounts of the private disbursements.
land so rented, and by whom (Puraniya). In the IDoab KAMBt’, Tel, ($०००) A sort of millet ः see JDdjra.
254
 KAM
KAstorsAvA, S. &e (कामोत्सव) Afestival in honour of Kama, ।
the deity oflowe, on the l:Bth and l4th of Chaitra, merged,
in some places, into the Holi, and so lost sight of
KAMERA, H. (JA-४) A hired agricultural labourer in the
north-west prowinces, Sometimes located for Successive gene
rations on the same estate, although guite free to remove.
KAMfA, H. (५A% S. कमिमैक:) An agricultural labourer of
some low caste : in South Bahar he is sometimes con
sidered as a predial slave, either for a term or for ever :
in the South-west provinces he is usually a bondsman or
bond-slave who has sold his services for life, and may be
transferred or sold himself; his children are free : one
kind, the Bamdhak-hamid, (Bundhuk-kumeea.) is one who
is a slave only until he can repay the money advanced to
him for his services : see Secah.
KAst ISHINAR-KURKI, H. (Jं,ं A.***) The English term
Commissioner, applied to a native officer of the Collector
who is charged with the enforcement of distraint, and sale
by auction of property distrained and not redeemed.
KAMP, Thug. A bribe for the escape of an apprehended Thug.
KAMP, H. (५~' ं, कांप) Mud thrown up and deposited by
water-courses or rivers.
KAst PA, Tel. (*०ॐ) Dried brambles or thorns.
JKampakotta, Tel. (s००sं) A hedge of dry thorns and
bushes round a fort or village as a defence, a sort ofabattis.
KAMPU, Mar. (कम्स् , from the English ‘Camp’) An encamp
ment, but especially applied to the troops of an encamp KANAKAURf, Uriya (२|el6०1६) A cracked Rauri shell ;
ment, or a body of infantry disciplined in the European
fashion in the service of native princes.
KAyr wARARMA, S. (काम्यकम्मॆ, from काम्य, agreeable, and
कम्मे , act) Any religious or other observance undertaken
voluntarily in distinction to acts of necessity.
K4myamaranam, S. (काम्यमरणं) Woluntary death, suicide.
Kamya8rdddha, S. (काम्यश्राद्धं) Obseguial ceremonies per
formed at pleasure in addition to those which are obligatory.
KAN, KUN, H. (S. c* ) Appreciation, valuation, estimate,
especially of the value of crops on the ground.
Kanha H. (५४) An officer employed to value standing crops.
JKamh८i, H. (.s' ं) Waluation of standing crops.
JKamhatt, JKumkoot, H. (५-',ं , कंकृतः, from Kan, valuing,
or Kam, for Karna, an ear (of corn) and Ki{t, appraise
ment) Estimated valuation of standing crops by measure
ment of the land and inspection of the corn, or, after measur
ing the field, cutting a given portion of it, and weighing
the grain so reaped; the object of such estimate being to
2ं)
KAN
assess the land at a money rate, according to the computed
amount of the Sale price of the grain; also an account of
Such appraisement kept by the willage accountant.
KAN, KANAyr, Tam. (S. eErTॐा , ट्ErTCorta) KANANA,
Karn. (ठद्ध ऽऽ) A forest, a thicket.
JKan-huri, Karn. (CO०COO) A wild sheep.
JKinsisht, Karn. (Co०23) A tax on forest produce.
JKanagar, Tam. (EFTCOT6uंग्रे) Hill men, Shepherds, hunters.
KANA, vernacularly KAN, H. &c. (S. कण) A small particle
or grain of any thing, a grain of corn.
JKandja, Kamanja, Karn. ( ँ० ं, ॐं२०ed) A granary, a
store for grain.
JKan04, Mar. (कणगा) A corn bin, a large basket, a safe
for grain, a granary.
KANA, Karn. ($२) A threshing or treading-floor, where
the grain is trodden out.
KANACHI, Karn. (Goश्aॐ) A hereditary estate; see Kini
dtchi.
KANAGAT, H. (५-१७४, Kand, for JKanyd, S. a maiden, or
the sign Wirgo) The daily celebration of obseguial rites
during the dark half of 48nin, when the sun is in Wir
go (September-October).
। KANARAN, KUNNAKAN, (?) Mal. The name of a class of
predial slaves in Malabar, also designated Kamaka-charma :
according to one account they are a Subdivision of the
JPalayar.
any thing of little or no value.
KANAKKU, Tam., Mal. (EB०ठष्ठTे5(5) Ciphering, arithmetic,
accOuntS.
JKanakkam, Tam., Mal. (eB०ठष्ठाफैट्5ंठा ) An accountant, a
willage accountant.
JKanakha-maniyam, Tam. (from LarTCoflu-lta) A portion
of land rent-free granted to the village accountant.
JKamakham6rai, Tam. (e8ऽठष्ठाGeEGuacठ२DT) Fees in grain
given to the willage accountant.
JKanakkappillai, corruptly, Conicopol/ and Komic0pl/,
Tam. (G०ठष्ठाGELLf6frॐIT) An accountant, the vil
lage accountant.
JKanakkurubam, corruptly, Kumakuroopoo,Tam. (G०CCI फै
C)(5-Ita) Awritten memorandum of an adjusted account.
JKanakkussuranai, Tam. (G००ष्ठTकैCyकैe(प्,०००००ष्ठा) A
bundle of accounts on palm leaves kept by the village
accOuntant.
KANAM, incorrectly, KANoM, Mal. (८b06T००) Mortgage, fee,
 KAN
present, reward ः it applies especially to an advance or
loan of money as the eguivalent or consideration for a
mortgage or transfer of landed property, fields, and gar
dens, into the occupancy of the person advancing the money,
without prejudice to the proprietor’s vested rights, to whom,
also, the occupant is bound to pay all proceeds of the estate
in excess of the interest of the money he has advanced :
the term is applied also to certain fees payable at the time
of executing such mortgage or transfer.
Anandaracan-nada-hdnam, Mal. (७०)Coorofoo-irboo5
०6,06T००) Fees paid to the proprietor’s heir on sipping
the water next noticed.
Nir-hdaam, Mal. (Cºlfoee-26r००) lit., Piece of water, a
few pieces of money put into a vessel of water from the
estate of the mortgager on executing the deeds.
Oppa-kanam, Mal. (63g–!८b१०००) Fees on signing the
deeds of transfer.
Tashi-hdnam, Mal. ((Ocec0cex95T००) Fees paid to the per
son who draws up the deeds.
Kinahairam, Mal. (८6-96०८6,0fo(cb) The mortgagee, the |
lender of money on security of occupancy and usufruct
of landed property.
Kapahota, Mal. (cex96००6)८6x?s) Amount of the mortgage
money ; also, mortgage tenure.
Kdaapalisa, Mal. (cex96०a-le:nc/०) Interest on the money
lent on mortgage.
Kanampama/a-ptittam, Mal. (८6,06ro०n_u6roopua_u05०)
A deed of mortgage.
JKainamparam, Mal. (०6x2००००o-lfo०) A mortgagee.
Kdaappattam, Mal. (cº१०००g-93०) Mortgage tenure of
lands; interest on the money advanced on mortgage.
KANAM, Mal. (c6x9००००) An advance or deposit of money
made to a proprietor of lands or gardens on receiving
them from him at a stipulated rent, upon lease for a given
term of years ः the deposit bears interest, which the tenant
sets off against the rent : the principal is returned when
the lease expires and the occupant does not renew it. This
is thereforea somewhat different application of the same term
from a loan upon a mortgage where the lender holds the
land as a security ; here the landlord holds the deposit
as a security for his rent. (Although spelt exactly in
the same manner, it is possible that the two words are
not identical, In Walker’s report on Malabar, he says this ।
kanam is from the Sanscrit word, signifying 'a little.' 'an
ear of corn,’ &c. ; in which case the derivative, like the
2:)(G
KAN
original (कणं), should be written with a short, not a long
wowel, Kanam or Kunum, not JAdinam, Kanum ; the
apparent identity may therefore arise from the vernacular
disregard of the correct spelling).
JKainam-jamm-marydda-arang/acar, Mal. Assessors by whom
the value of an estate is determined, and the proportions
of the temant and landlord adjusted.
JKainam-hondaran, (? for Korucan, 6)cº?:Po-irrt) Mal, A
tenant, a person who gives security by a deposit for pay
ment of rent.
Kdnam-pattam, Mal. (from o-423०, rent) Leasehold tenure
of lands or gardens on payment of a rent, or proportion
of produce edual usually to two-thirds, or the money value
of that proportion of the produce.
JKu!i- or Kuri-lidiaam, incorrectly, JKoori-kanom, Mal.
(c9a५Ple86)06०००) Money paid to a temant on his relin
Guishing his lease, or to a mortgagee when a mortgage
is paid off for any improvements they may have made,
especially for any fruit-bearing trees, as cocoa-nuts, &c.,
which they may have planted : on the other hand, if the
property has been depreciated by meglect,compensation isde
ducted from the original deposit or loan : this is also termed,
according to Mr, Graeme, Naidi-lidnam (Copsh८6,06Co०).
KANAMA, Tel. ($ं9) A breach in the bank of a tank,
whether accidental or artificial ; a pass between two hills.
KANAT, H. (A. e-2UG) The walls of a tent, or an external
screen of canwas surrounding a tent.
KANAUJiA, CAsoUJiA, incorrectly, KANourvA, H. (***-*,
कनीजीसा) A designation of various tribes in Hindustan,
implying a notion of their having come originally from
Kanauj, or Kanyftkubja : it is especially applied to a large
and influential tribe of Brāhmans, one of the five classes
of Gauda Brithmans ः five chief subdivisions of them are
reckoned, all numerous and well known- Kama५jia proper,
Sarngaria, Samaudha, Jijhotia, and IBhuighdr, who are
again divided into sixteen classes, named either from their
reputed founders, who were celebrated sages, as Gargo,
Gotama, and others ; or from their former acduirements,
as JDobe, Tempari or Tripedi, Cluaube, or as learned in two,
three, or four Wedas, or from their having been teachers,
as IBhattachdj and Upddhyd/a ; or from other circum
stances, as Painde, Dakshit, IBdjpeyi, &c. The ka
nagjias proper are found principally in the central IDoab,
extending into Bundelkhand on the one hand, and on the
other into Oudh, and are divided into six or six and a
 KAN KAN

half families, thence termed Khat- (for shat, six) kul, KANDAR, or KANDARi, Ben. (की७iद्भः, from S. कर्णेधार्यंी) A
or, severally, Gotes, (from the S. gotra, a race), as the steersman, a helmsman, a pilot.
Sandel-gote, Upaman-1ote, Bharadiodj-gote, Dharadiodj KANDAwA, Karn. (Gव्)०ॐॐ) A class of Brahmans
gote, Katydyama- or Wismrdmitra-gote, Kasyapa-gote, and KANDAwA, or KANDAwAM, Tam. (GंठTru-lta) Karn.

Sakrint-lote. ’ These correspond in rank to the Kalin
Brahmans of Bengal, and, although taking wives from
the other tribes, allow their daughters to marry only into
one of the JKhat-kul. The Sarngaria class is also called
_
Saryu- or Sarju-pdria, living beyond the Sarju or Gagra
river, or chiefly in Gorakhpur. The Sanaudhas are met
with primcipally in Rohilkhand and the upper and central
Doab, extending westwards to Gwalior. The Jijhotias are
settled to the south-west. The IBhoomhdrs are found with
the Sarmgarias in Oudh, and spread to the hills of Bun
delkhand. The term Kamagjia is applied, however, to
other than Brahmanical tribes, and we have Kanangjia
Kitrmis, or agricultural castes, and even Kamangjia Thugs.
KANAwATTAM, Tam. (BrT०ठष्ठा6-lt-l-ta) A small quantity of
($०८ऽळ०ऽ७, ॐ०८ऽव्०ॐ००) Tax, tribute, duty, land-tax,
ground-rent; fixed portion of tax payable at a certain time.
KANDERUTTA, Mal. (०b66`sं(oo) Survey, mensuration ;
measuring and estimating land.
KANDHARA, or KANDHARA, incorrectly, Kundra, Uriya
(G29.)ं The class of mountaineers called Khand, or
an individual of it, employed sometimes as village watch
men : see RThand.
KANDHORA, Gu2. (%०धuिsu) Hiring cattle for ploughing.
KANDI, Tam., Mal. (EB०ठ्ठाip-, cex6`डी) A measure of weight ः
commonly, JKand/, but more correctly, JKhandi, g. w.
KANDOI, GuZ. (%०३u४) A confectioner, a Sugar-baker.
KANDol.i, KANDot.EN, Mar. (कांडोळी, कांडोळेठं) A ridge of
earth in a field to detain water. *

oil daily allowed by the oilmakers to the owner or head
man of the village, and to the village officers and Servants.
KANCHANI, H. (S. J* ) A dancing girl, by caste as well
as profession. __
KANCHARi, Mar. ( कंचरी) KANCHRAR, H. (,४ं४, from S.
काच, or काच्च, glass) A glassworker, a caste working in
glass and crystal.
JKanchar-hatti, (? -patti) Mar. A tax on the makers of KANDU, H. (S. 9edb) A sugar-boiler.
glass bracelets.
KANCHE, Tel. ($०य्) A hedge: waste or fallow land.
_Kanchek6tta, Tel. (४०च्छsां ं) A thick hedge round a KANDU RI, H.
fort outside the ditch, as an additional defence.
KANCHU, Karn. (ॐ०ंO) Mixed metal, brass, bell metal.
_Kamchugdr, Karn. (ठै०aं७7त्ळ6) A braZier, a worker in
mixed metal.
KAND, H. (A. AG) Sugar, sugar-candy : see Khand.
KANDACHARADAvA, or KANDACHARADAwALIKARA, Karn.
$०००aकव्663, &०८ऽ०aमळॐॐ्जठ0ठाळं, non &०८ऽळ
* ॐ military) An armed Peon, a kind of militia soldier,
employed on civil duties, as well as serwing in war.
_Kanddicladrada-batacdde, Karn. (frombatacdde, ०&35ऽढॐ,
pay) The pay of militia.
KANDRA, or KHANDRA, (?) A class of slaves in Cuttack of
an impure caste.
KANDU, Tam. (EB०ठ्ठाG) A field of corn.
JKandu-mudal, Tam. (G०र्राGJPंठ6)) Actual produce of
a field when reaped and threshed.
/kandukrushi, Mal. (co०rāgres) Government agriculture,
cultivation on account of gowernment.
KANDUKETTA,Mal.(co०`इ6)co3) Confiscation, seguestration.
KANDULI, Karn. (*०॰`४) A fixed rate of assessment.’
(.9** ) A ceremony observed in honour of
some holy person, at which prayers are offered for their
good, or food is prepared and distributed : when celebrated
in honour of Fatima it is entrusted to women.
KANE, Karn. ( ँ) A roller or cylinder of a mill, whether
horiZontal or perpendicular.
KANGAL, H. (Juं4*) Poor, miserable, bankrupt, vagrant.
-kangdlam, Mal. A class of predial slaves in Malabar.
KANGARIWERo GuZ. (%०२॥ंl१२u) A money-tax in com
mutation of grain paid by the cultivators in some places ;
a duty on grain.
KANGNf, H. (cं) JKangoni, Karn. ($०7ं/०$) A kind

_Kandachdracajaं, Karn. (from odjd, ॐaछव्), deduction) of grain mudh eaten by the poorer classes in many parts
Lands set apart for the pay of the militia, and therefore of India, millet (Panicum italicum).
deducted from the revenue. KANGI, H. (.Aं ) A granary, a store of grain.
KANDAM, or KANDU, Tam. (eB०र्रा-ta, G०र्वौठाG) Sugar, KANI, corruptly, CAwNEy, Tel. (st२) Tam. (earrठ्ठठf))
Sugar-candy. Karn. (०व्)ई०) In numbers, an 80th fractional part, or
257 3 U
 KAG
sometimesone 64th ; but the word is more generally known
as the denomination of a land measure at Madras, in the
Carnatic, and the south-eastern provinces of the peninsula :
it waries in diferent places, but the standard is considered
to be edual to 24 Manais, or 'grounds’ of 2400 sguare
feet each, being egual, therefore, to छे7,000 s५uare feet. By
another computation it is made egual to the same number
of sguare adis, or छे7,000 native feet, each adi being egual
to inches 10.47. By the latter measurement, the hdini is
not guite an English acre ; by the former it is something
more, or I.822. In Cuttack a kdmi। (२lईi) is only a
hand's-breadth.
KANI, Tam. (GrTCठठरीि) Property, possession, right of pos
session, hereditary right.
Kanā-hdram, Tam. (eBrr००ofleBrTDrॐा) A hereditary pro
prietor, or a hereditary coparcener in willage lands held in
cOmmon.
JKani-ndrai, Tam. (eBrT०Cofl6Loco०DT) A portion of grain
claimed by the Mirāsidars of the Tamil countries as a
perguisite from all taxable lands.
Kaini-peru, Tam. (eBrT ०ठष्ठीG-'(प्;) The greatness or dig
nity of holding landed property, a term used in con
veyances of Mirāsi rights.
JKdiai-sutantaram, Tam. (PBंठDrth, S. खतन्त्रं, indepen
dence) Independenthereditary rightor property : see the next.
JKani/dtchi, vernacularly or corruptly, Canachi, Kandichi,
Cainatchy,&c. Tam. (Err०ठष्ठीu-rrt--eºl, from K4ai, and
ditchi, power or dominion) That which is held in free and
hereditary property ; hereditary right to lands, fees of office,
or perguisites, held by members of village communities, or
by willage officers, in the Tamil countries ; eduivalent to
the Arabic term Mirdsi, used likewise in that part ofIndia.
Kaniyatchi-hdram, Tam. (S. eBrTDrंठा) A hereditary pro
prietor of land or priwileges.
Kainiydtchi-mdniyam, Tam. (LorT ००ष्ठीu-lti) A portion of
land held by each hereditary proprietor free ofassessment.
JKaniyalam,Tam. (eBrT०ठष्ठीLLIT6rTCर्रा) An inheritor ofland.
JKainditchi-gdr, Karn. (छब्यब्g7रब्s) Proprietor of a
hereditary estate.
Kdnditchi-Grdma, Karn. (Cव्यव्ं.७ज्)ंC) A hereditary
village. (This and the preceding, as well as Kandtchi,
hereditary property, are provincial modifications in Mysore
of the Tamil Kainiyatchi.)
KANI, Karn. (Got२) A piece of inferior land not included
in that which is rented.
258
KAI
KANt BHAGoA, Uriya (०|&ी०.le६॥थl) Labourers in Cuttack
paid both in money and kind.
KAstKE-KANE, or KAstKE-KAPPA, Karn. (ठाद्धंठंठाठ:ं,
ठळ्ळैं) A present from an inferior to a superior, a
subscription, a donation.
KANf Li, Thug. Earrings ; gold.
KANiNA, S., and in most dialects, (कानीनः) The son of an
ummarried woman.
KANJAR, H. 9*) KANJARi, Mar. (कंजारी) A low class
of people, who live by making and selling strings of
hemp and cotton, also who catch and eat snakes.
JKanjariyu, Karn. ($०age०७०७) Class of ropemakers.
KANJI, corruptly, CoNJEE, CONJE, KoNGw, H. (S.._े४)
Rice-water in general, although it properly denotes rice
water which has been converted into an acid bewerage by
acetous fermentation.
KANKANA, vernacularly also KANKAN, and KANGAN, or
KUNGUN, S. (कङ्कण) A bracelet, a string, or riband
tied round the wrist, especially at marriages, round the
right wrist of the bridegroom and the left of the bride :
the practice, originally Hindu, has been adopted by the
Mohammadans in India, and the tying and untying of the
kangam are important parts of their marriage ceremonies.
KANKANAM,Tam. (G०ठ्ठाeErr०ठणta) Watching, inspection ;
a fee paid for watching the crop between the field and
the stack.
Kaaldai, Tam. (EB०ठ्ठाGIT०ष्ठofl) An inspector of crops.
KANKAR, KUNKUR, corruptly, CoNKAR, H. &c. 9ं, from
S. कण, a piece) KANKAR, Ben. (कi*श्ह) A coarse kind
of limestone found in the soil in many parts of Hindustan,
underlying the alluwial soil in large tabular strata, or in
terspersed through the superficial mould in nodules of
various siZes, though usually small ; also, gravel, hard
sand.
JKamhalat, Hindi (कंकलाट) Soil of a stiff sandy loam, as
hard as kankar (Puraniya).
JKamkari, H. (.9***) Grawel.
JKamkreld, kamkrili, H. (*५,ं, ७५)***ः कंकरीली)
Stony, gravelly (as soil).
KANKi, or KANAKI, H. (Lं, S. कणिकी) Ground rice ;
Tel. ($०$) Head or eaf of corn.
KANNA, Karn. (ॐ०७) KANNAyr, Tam. (GCठैTCणta) A
pit, a hole, a breach in the wall of a house.
Kammagdr, Kannadakali, Karn. ($०ऽ7रब्ॐ, ॐ०,७66९१)
A housebreaker, a burglar.
 KAN
JKanna-bitti-mane, Karn. (*०७२ंoं ) A house broken
open. _
Kanna-bdoulu, Tel. (?) Wells of stone masonry, where
the water is some way below the surface : see Baioli.
Kannfodyakkal,Tam. (eB०ठ्ठाठ्ठट्र6urTLLकैट्Err60) Asmall
water-course for irrigation.
JKannar, Tam. (G०र्यor००ष्ठाद्यै) Fields on the same level, so
as to be capable of irrigation from the same channel.
Kannarru, Tam. (e8०ठष्ठT०ठ्ठाpgpl) Water-course for the
supply of a rice field.
KANNI, Mal. (ंeं)) A plot of land from eight to fourteen
feet long, and five to eight broad, set apart for evaporating
or manufacturing salt; a salt bed or pan.
KAN PHATA.JoGi, H. (S. ५*)- ७५४) A religious mendi
cant or Jogi, distinguished by wearing large metal ear
rings ; thence named Kain-phaita, split-eared.
KAss, H. (S. U~～४) KANsvA, Ben. (श*नi) KANSAw U, Tel.
(sष्०KG ंOO) Mixed metal, bell or gueen's metal ; brass,
whether white or yellow.
JKansalaudda, or Ransdli, Tel. (s०ऽ"’००ण`ॐo, sv०ऽण्”9)
A gold or silversmith, a worker in the precious metals,
by caste as well as occupation, one of the five chief left
hand castes at Madras : the other four are the JKancharā
or braZier ; Kammari, blacksmith ; Wadlangi, carpenter ;
and Kdsi, stonemason ; these intermarry and eat together,
and take the lead in all disputes with the right-hand castes :
the distinction of right and left-hand castes is peculiar to
the south of India, and is of modern origin, having been
introduced at Conjeveram as a piece of civil policy, in
tended to divide the people, and diminish their power.
JKancharabita, Karn. (&०as’&२ठं) A mendicant belong
ing to the five classes of artificers.
JK८1msdr, or Kitsdr, Mar. (कसिारं, कासाग्) K4ns4r{, Ben.
(कi*जीी) Kanchari, Tel. ($०aॐ०) Kinchhar, Karn.
(०ग्ध०aं०ग्धं) A man of a caste whose occupation is
working in mixed metal, a braZier, a coppersmith (from
the S. Kansya hdra).
JKasbhara, Kusbhadra, H. ()*~* ) The class or caste of
workers in mixed metals, braZiers, also melters and casters
in moulds : these people, of whom there are in Hindustan
various divisions, have a conventional or slang dialect
peculiar to themselves.
JKasdr-bangar, or -bongar, (?) Mar. A man of an inferior
caste, whose occupation is working in brass, making pots
and pans, and armlets and anklets of mixed metal.
259
KAN
KANTA, Thug. The braying of an ass as an omen: at set
ting out on an expedition it should be heard on the right :
at halting, on the left: at any time in front it is unlucky.
KANTA, Mar. (कॉत, from S. कर्त्तेन) Shavings from a turn
ing lathe : edge, border, coast, boundary or Suburb of a
village.
JKantdri, Mar. (कांतारी) A caste or a member of it, whose
business it is to work with a lathe in wood or ivory, a
turner, a cabinet-maker.
KANTA, H. (UG४, S. कांटा) A pair of scales: a thorn, a
fork.
JK4nt4-muha?”rir, H. (A.),=*) A clerk employed to note
and register weighments.
Kant4, or K4t6-mornamal, (?) Mar. A cess formerly levied
upon each house in a village, imposed, it is said, by a dis
trict collector whose feet had been wounded by thorns when
inspecting the village fields.
KANTA, KANTHA, H. (?) Poor Soil, near the Jumna.
KANTH I, KANTH IA, KUNTHI, KUNTHEE, KUNTHEIyA, H.
( c*, ५ ँ, from S. कण्ठ, the throat) A necklace, any
ornament worn round the neck, a string of beads worn as
a necklace by the head of a religious establishment, as a
mark of dignity ; also one made of different kinds of wood
or seeds, worn by mendicants and ascetics, and sometimes
carried in the hand as a rosary.
KANTHAN, Thug. A knife.
KANrfnAf-vARAIA, Karn.(*० ँ९०००99ॐंव्वव्) A coin of
account in Mysore, egual to ten gold.famams, called com
monly Cantarai, or Camtaro/ .fanams, each weighing
about six grains, and of inferior guality, and worth in
Madras silver currency, about Rs. 2. l4. 8.
KANTU, or KANTAKA, Karn ($०C०, ॐ० 66) A stipulated or
fixed term of payment, an instalment.
JKantd//u, Karn. (&०ठव्)K०) A stipulated term for payment
to be made in part.
JKanta-patra, Karn. (from S. पच, a leaf) A written agree
mient to pay by instalments.
KANTAwAN, Mar. (?) A tax on looms, a fee levied by the
head village officers from the money-changers of the village.
KANUJU, Tel. ($ध्००ee”) An artificial water course for
irrigation.
KANUN, KANooN, plural KAwANiN, H. (A. ७**, ७: ";*)
_ it is similarly written in most dialects, but in Maratha it
occurs as KANU, KANoo, (कानू) A rule, a regulation, a
law, a statute.
 KAN
JKandbab, Mar. (कानूबाष) A cess formerly levied by Za
mindars in the Maratha provinces. _
JKant4-jabt4, Mar. (कानूजाबता, from A. &la!५a, a rule) A
code, a compendium of the regulations established in any
province.
JKanumbyatirikta, Uriya (from S. व्यतिरिक्ता:, opposed) Con
trary to law or rule, unlawful, illegal.
JKaintingo, Kamoongo, or Cam0ongo, corruptly, Camong0e,
H. (from P. *, speaking, or who speaks) lit., An ex
pounder of the laws, but applied in Hindustan especially to
willage and district revenue-officers, who, under the former
gowernments, recorded all circumstances within their sphere
which concerned landed property and the realiZation of
the revenue, keeping registers of the walue, tenure, extent,
and transfers of lands, assisting in the measurements and
Survey of the lands, reporting deaths and successions of
revenue-payers, and explaining, when reguired, local prac
tices and public regulations: they were paid by rent-free
lands and various allowances and perguisites.
JKaintingoi, corruptly, Camoongoe?/, H. (.s;ं;४) The office
of Kanungo : this was abolished in Bengal at the time of
the permanent settlement, but was preserved in Benares and
the Ceded and conguered provinces. Beng. Reg. iv. 1808.
.Kantingoā-daftar, H. (from P. AGo) The record or office
of the Kanungo.
JKainting0-taluhdar, H. (from A. P. )loं]\ं) A district re
venue officer in Cuttack, holding certain lands rent-free
in virtue of his office.
KANwA, H. (s;७) A measure of capacity, the sixteenth part
of a s6r.
KANwAi, Hindi (कनवई) Clayey soil in muddy hollows, which
in the dry Season is formed into detached nodules by the
action of underground springs : it is generally unpro
ductive : (Puraniya).
KAN wA, S. &c. (कन्या) A maid, a virgin, a girl of nine or
ten years of age.
JKanj/4-ddna, vernacularly, Kam/dddn, S. &c. (दानं, a gift)
The presentation of the bride to the bridegroom by her
parent or guardian, the giving of a girl in marriage, a
gift to a girl upon her marriage, a dower.
-Kan/ti-pdma-grahama, S. (from pdai, पाणि , the hand, and
grahana, ग्रहण, taking) The taking of the bride's hand
by the bridegroom at the marriage ceremony.
JKanyd-putrd, or -suta, S. &c. (पुच, or सुत, a son) The
son of an unmarried girl.
260
KAR
JKanya-parama, S. (from वरणं, selecting) Rehearsing the
genealogy of the contracting parties at marriages.
JKanya-kulija, S. (from कन्याकुष्ज, the city of Kanauj) Be
longing to, originating with, &c., the city of Kanauj :
see JKamaigji/o.
KANZ, H. (A. c24iG) Treasure.
KAP, Bem. (कंi१) The name of a subdivisiom of the Wat
rendra Brāhmans of Bengal, inferior to the Kulfn tribe
of the same.
KAPAni, Gu2. (%u५!t) A Hindu who has performed pil
grimages to Hinglaj ; Mar. (कापडी) A religious mendi
cant carrying a red flag', and selling rosaries, the sacred
thread, holy water, &c.
KAPALE, KAPALI, or KA PILE, corruptly, KUMPLI, Tel.,
Karm. (sंOद्ध, ॐं), ॐ3ऽ&) A frame-work and pul
ley with a leathern bucket attached, fixed ower a well, from
which the water is drawn up in the bucket raised by oxen
passing up and down an inclined plane from the mouth
of the well ; used generally in Hindustan, as well as in
the Dakhin : the well from which the water is so raised.
KAPNAwAL, Mar. (कामावल, from kāpne, कापणे, to cut
or reap) The cost of reaping corm, hewing wood, or the like.
KAPPA, or KAPPAM, Karn., Mal. (*३, ८og-4०) Tribute,
tax, offering.
JKappada-hama, Karn.(*३ॐ०६०) Tribute money.
KAPPARAGAwARU, Karn. (ंxंॐ००) An order ofreligious
mendicants of the Lingamite Sect.
KAPRA, H. (S. ]*) KAPAR, Mar. (कापड) Cloth, clothes.
KAPSI, Thug. Any kind of corn or vegetable in the ground
before harvest.
KAPU, KAPoo, Tel., Karn. (शं)) Guarding, watching,
protection.
JKapari, Tel. (sं००) A watchman, a watcher.
KAPU, Tel. ( sष्3८)) A cultivator, a husbandman, a Ryot ;
it is also commonly applied in the Telinga provinces to
the principal cultivator or head man of a village.
KAR, KUR, or KARA, H. &c. (S.Aं, कर) Tribute, toll, tax,
the revenue of the state, Settled allowance to village officers
and servants.
JKaramorira, Mal. (cefo6299ीo-!) Exemption from tax,
granted by the sovereign.
JKarachchumkam, Mal. (ं (o2ंश्*०) ILand customs, transit
duty.
JKaragrdhah, Ben. (कङ्गधीश्वरः) A collector of revenue, a tax
gatherer.
 KAR.
Kar-sthapana, Mar, (from S. ख्यापनं, Sthapana, placing)
Imposing a cess or tax.
KAR, KUR, Mar. (कर्) Used in composition with the name
of a town or village, to signify an inhabitant of it, as,
-Holkar, an inhabitant, originally, of the willage of
Hola.
KAR, KUR, Mal. Sort, guality ; (but ? if it is not rather
JKatta (ces ), pronounced like Kar, a lump ofearth ; for
no such meaning as that assigned to it in Walker’s Re
port appears in the Dictionary),
Pasama-kar, Mal. (from a-l००, fat) The best sort of soil, a
rich, greasy clay.
Itasi-pasama, Mal. (? rasi or rast, a mixture of earth and
sand) Middling or mixed soil.
Rasi-kar, Mal. A poor light soil.
KAR, H. &c. (P. )४, S. KARwA, काय्यै, from कृ, to do) Act,
affair, work, business.
JKarbar, H. (9५)४, from the P. ०५) a burden) Affair, bu
siness, public business.
JKirbh4r, Mar, Karn. (कारभारं, ००ॐयग्व्) ँo, from the S.
Bhara, भार, a burden) Affairs, business, especially affairs
of state, or the business of a mercantile concern, any af
fairs ofimportance and responsibility : in Cuttack it means
merely trade.
JKdrbdr{, or Kairbh4rं, incorrectly, Carbarree, H., Mar.
( ५.9५9४, कारभार्यी) A person conducting affairs, a minister,
a public officer, a merchant, a manager, a shopkeeper.
K4rbarddr, H. (P. 9l9ं, who bears) A man of business,
a manager, a minister, &c., whence Karbarddri, Conduct
of affairs.
JK4rchob, H. (from ५-2*- , a stick) Embroidery ; an em
broiderer.
JK4rc/aobi, H. Embroidered, embroidery.
JK4rdeir, Sindh (P. )l9४) An agent, especially of the go
wernment.
JKdrgdh, H. (P. ४७, a place) A workshop, a factory ; a
weaver’s loom, or weaving apparatus. _
JKdrgdhi, H. Any thing relating to a workshop ; an impost
formerly levied on weavers’ looms, abolished by Reg. ii.
179छै, where the word is written JKhergui.
#4rkun, H. (from P. J*, Kun, making or performing)
JK4rhain, Karkoom, Carc00m, Mar. (कारकून) A clerk,
a writer, a registrar ; used also generally among the Ma
rathas for an agent or manager in financial and revenue col
lections ः an inferior rewenue officer in charge of a taraf,
261
KAR.
or division, under the Mdmalatddr, or district collector.
JKdrhamā, Mar. (कारकुनी) The office or function of a K4r
httm, or his fees or perguisites: a cess levied on the Ryots
to pay the expense of maintaining a government Kdrhain :
an extra allowance for household expenses made to any
public functionary, any thing relating to him or his services.
JKirkh4na, corruptly, Karconna, Karhanna, H. &c.(ं\e9४)
An office or place where business is carried on ; but it is
in use more especially applied to places where mechanical
work is performed; a workshop, a manufactory, an arsenal,
also, fig., to any great fuss or bustle.
JK4rkhdmaddr, H. &c. (P. )le) A keeper of a shop or
factory, a superintendant of a manufactory.
JKarhh4ndnās, Mar. (कारखानानीस) A clerk or record keeper
in a factory, a clerk of the works.
JKarkārd, Mar. (कारकीदै) Reign, administration, the du
ration of a reign.
JK4ramda, incorrectly, JKarindah, H. (P. se9४) An agent,
a manager, an attorney, an officer.
JKārami, Mar. (कारणी, from S. कारणं, cause) A manager,
one who conducts affairs, a prime minister, a supercargo
of a ship, &c. _’ _
JK4rtgar, Kareegur, H. &e.()*ं)४) Ben. K4rihar, (कiद्भिरुद्व)
A workman. Mar. (कारीगर) A good workman.
JK4rijar:, H. (५9*ं)४) Workmanship, art, the skill or
employment of a workman or artisan.
JKdrsd2, H. (Pं;५~, making) A man of business, one skilled
in affairs ; whence also JKars42i, IDexterity, adroitness,
cleverness in business.
JKairsd2{, H. (ं9५“9४) Management, conducting business,
&c. ; Karsdji in Hindi also has the meaning of partner
ship; and in Bengali, a plea or pretext, an act of fraud.
JKaru, Mar. (S. कारू) A workman, an artisan, a willage
artist or servant, any one of the Bārf Baltite.
JK4rubdr{, or -bhdj' ं, Karn. (Gocoय्ऽव्७०) A manager, a
ruler, a superintendant.
JKarubdru, or -bhdru, Karn. (ठव्)ॐoय्ऽळॐ७, see above,
JKarbdr) Rule, management, government ; Kidrucdru,
Tam. (Errgpl6urTgp) Authority of revenue officers over
the cultivators.
JKarya, S. (काय्यै, what is to be done) modified in the dialects
as Kaj, Kdrj, H. (a४, दः9४), and so pronounced in Ben
gali, although written correctly (श)ि, JKariyamu, Tel.
(s००9ं99),Kariya,Karn.(Co००9) Kariyam.corruptly,
Carram, Tam. (earTDhu-Ita) Affair, business, transaction,
8 x
 KAR KAR

any mecessary act, as the marriage or funeral ceremony, a | KARADA, or KARDA, Mar. (करदा) The proprietor of an
civil affair, a lawsuit, a subject of judicial investigation. estate by purchase, not by grant or inheritance.
Adriyakhdram, or Kdriyakuranddran,Tam. (EBrTDhLLर्कै KARAIDA, Karn. (ॐ ) IDry grass gathered on the hills.
८BFrprcर्ष्टा, eErrphu-GDrं,ंठrTप्रॐी) A man of business, JKarada-bit1ं, Karn. (68seं ) A tax in lieu of hill
a manager, an agent, a conductor of affairs, whether for grass formerly levied from the Ryots (Mysore),
himself or another ; the principal shareholder or Mfrāsi KARAIDIGE, Karn. (ॐ०7ं) A silver box for holding the
diir of a willage deputed to act for his coparceners. phallus worn by the Lingftits.
K6ं,ंji, Tel. (Sade ) Uriya (१l6.६) A village officer, KARAI)U, Tel., Karn. (s&ॐ७) Rough, as an account, or
the head of a village, charged with revenue and judicial as the draft of an official document; also, rough, coarse,
functions, or the accountant of a village, but sometimes as paper.

filling the office of head man or manager, collecting the KARAGHATTU, Tel. (ं9ं७) The dam of a river.
rewenue from the villagers, and engaging for its payment KARAGPATTADI, Karn. ($8xं०) A tax levied on

to the government, in Cuttack: lit., a man of business, or goods manufactured in towns, or imported into them for
one who does any thing that is to be done. sale.

Kirj-hdri, IBen. (दशंईहङ्गी) A man of business, an agent,
a manager, any one who does what is to be done.
K4ryanirgaya, S. (निर्णेय, ascertainment) Investigation of
an affair, judgment, decision.
। Karyarodha, S. (from रोध, impeding) Enforcing payment
of a debt by preventing the debtor from following his usual
occupations.
KAR, Tam. (Grrºr) The ploughing season in the months
of August-September ; rice growing in the rainy season,
and reaped in the last months of the year ; the first or
lesser rice crop.
KARA, Mal. (ct)(o) KARE, Karn. (ॐठै) KARAI, Tam.
(eEcठुDr) Bank, border, shore, edge or Selvage of cloth ;
. in Mal. also a small willage or hamlet.
Kardhdr, Mal. (ce,(ope6,0(o) 'The principal inhabitants of
a village or neighbourhood.
JKaraihattu, Tam. (EcºxDrGEL-G) A prop or buttress for
raising or Strengthening a bank.
RTarehattardru, Karn. (ंजङ७०) Persons whose oc
cupation is working ornamental borders to blankets.
KARA, Mal. (cºgºp) An opening in the embankment of a
field by which water may flow from one field into another.
KARA, S. &c. (कर:) The twenty-fifth year of the cycle.
KARA, Mitr. (S. कारा) A prison ः usually compounded with
words sigmifying a house, as, JKitrºt/tird, kttrd//riha, &c.
KARA, KU RA, Mar. (?) A form of oath : a leaf of Tulasf
and a cup of Ganges water, placed upon some Sacred book,
are held by a person on his head whilst he gives evidence :
if no domestic afiliction befalls him within a few days
his testimony is considered conclusive (perhaps from one
of the senses of kara, कर, an unlucky day).
202
KARAHI, H. (S. JP)*) A shallow iron pot or vessel for
cooking ; whence Kardhilend, lit., To take the boiler, is
a Sort of ordeal in which the accused takes out a piece
of gold which has been dropped into a vessel of boiling
oil, and if he does so without being Scalded he is acduitted.
KARAI, corruptly, CARAw, Tam. (GEco०DT) A portion of land,
especially a share in a Mirftsi, or hereditary coparcenary
willage, originaliy, in general, a determinate and entire
share. (It is said sometimes to consist of four pangs
(panjus) shares or Subdivisions of willages held by Brah
mans rent-free, but this is perhaps incorrect.-Fifth Rep.
p. 820.
JKarai-hdran, Tam. (G०००Drे5GITD CंT) A proprietor of a
determinate share in a coparcenary willage.
JKardi-pangu,Tam. (E&ठ२Dr-lrं45) A Share in the village
lands. (From pangu, a Share, the word intended by pun/
in the छेth Rep., and not representing pumn or bhatm, land,
as proposed in the Glossary).
/karai-्//tlan, Tam. (from ं,०Tॐयैr, a lord or master) The
proprietor of a hereditary Share in a village.
Karai-/idu, Tam. (८००प्रu4G) An agreement amongst
the coparceners of a village for a temporary change of
their respective shares.
KARA K, Mar. (कारक) Customs paid by merchants.
KARARAL, Karn. (Ced Coe) The rainy Season.
/kitragadde, Karn. (छब्७xं) Cultivation in the wet season.
KAEAKAM, Mial. (ce ºcºb०) Mean service in a temple.
KARA KASA, or KARKASA, Tel. ($&ऽऽां, P. &ं5-,5-) Ouarrel,
dispute, tumult.
JKarakasa-bhaimi, Tel. (S. भूमी, earth) Lands of which the
boundaries are in dispute.
 KAR.
KARAKA-TERIGE, Kara.(ॐठैडैo7ं) A tax formerly lewied
on the import of goods into Chitaldrtig.
KARALAN, Mal. (व8,0(opg)rt) Possessor of freehold or private
property : the agent or manager of the lands of a temple ।
on the part of the founder or endower.
KARAMBU,KARAMBAI,barbarously,CRAMBO,Tam. (ट्, प्रtal-',
eEDrthcठ०L) Waste or uncultivated land, and which is of
two kinds-Sekal-karambu, which is capable of culti
vation, although neglected for some time ; and Amddi
karambu, waste from time immemorial, and which cannot
be cultivated with any prospect of adwantage.
KARAM BI, Tam. (ErrprrTthLी) A basket or other apparatus
for throwing up water.
KARAN, corruptly, KERRUN, H. (A. 9) Conjunction of
the planets, an astrological period of any ten years, from
10 to 120.
KARANA, S. &c. (neuter करणं) Doing, act, means, instru
ment, an organ of sense : (masc. करण:) A doer of any
thing ; also, the name of a mixed caste, or an individual
of it, said to have sprung from a Sitdra mother and Waisya
father, or, according to some, from a degraded Kshatriya
by a pure Kshatriya female ; his occupation is writing
and accounts: a scribe or writer, a clerk, and, in some
places, a collector of rewenue, a tax-gatherer : (the word
is used in all the dialects, Sometimes modified as to mean
ing, as in the following)
Karagamm, Karamain or karnain, corruptly, Carnum,
Tel. (s४६०ँOO) JKaragika, commonly, JKarnik, Karn.
(&&ं) A village accountant, one of the chief officers
of a village : in the Telinga provinces he is usually a
Brahman, in the Tamil a Stidra, of the Pilli tribe.
Karajaikam, Tel. (ं,४०) The office of a scribe or ac
countant.
Karniha-mirdsं, Tam. The hereditary fees or perguisites
of the willage accountant.
JKaraatha-carttana,or Karnik-parttan, Karn.(S. ॐ3.त' ं,
wages) A cess levied originally for the support of
the district accountant, but consolidated with the public
revenue by Tipu:
Kardnं, vulgarly, Crammy or Cranmie, H. (4)% कराणी)
Kerdni, IBen. (Zकङ्गीनी) A clerk, a scribe, a man who by
caste and occupation is a writer or accountant.
KARANAyr, Mal. (cofo6०००, same as the S. करणं) A deed,
a title-deed, a bond, any legal writing or document : it
is especially applied to the deeds by which land is trans
*2(G:}
KAR.
ferred in Malabar, of which four are particulariZed, as
JKaranam-kayacidu-ott{, Mal, The first deed executed in
conveying landed property, by which two-thirds of the sum
to be lent or advanced to the owner are specified.
Karamam-otti-kamparam, The second deed, in which a
further Sum of twenty per cent. on the sum specified in
the preceding is engaged to be paid.
JKaranam-kudima-nir, or -nir-matal, The third deed, en
gaging for a further advance of twenty per cent., con
firmed by drinking water (nir) from the estate, presented
to the proprietor.
JKaranam-attipet-ola, The fourth deed, by which the pur
chaser engages to pay up any balance that may remain,
and the Janmkār finally parts with all hold upon the pro
perty.-Report on Tenures in Malabar.
JKaramappira, Mal. (a)(०००g-i) ५) A fine for executing
documents or title-deeds on an unstamped ola or papers,
or contrary to regulation.
KARANAM, S., and in all the dialects either as K6ram or
JKiranam, (कारणं) Cause, origin, motive.
JKāranacan, commonly, Karnacem, Mal. (८6,0fosopo-lrt)
The head or origin of a family, a father, a forefather, an
ancestor, a lord or master.
KABANCHA, Mal. (cth962-l) A weight of four kinds, as egual
to ten, twelve, thirteen, or twenty-ome famams.
KARANJACHI-BfJ-GUTTA, Karn. (ठद्धॐ०४ं०४%डॆ .) A
tax on gathering wild cocoa-nuts (Mysore),
KARANTf, H. (ं],*) KARATI, Ben. (कतांजी) A Sawyer.
KARAR, H. (Aं2)*) Fixedness, Stability, confirmation ः it
is loosely used for a written agreement or engagement.
JKardr-iःjama-dalisdla, H. (from P. ४e, ten, and J५, a
year) The decennial settlement ; the assessment of the re
venue of Bengal for ten years, preparatory to the perpetual
settlement. _
Kardr-ndma, H. &c. (P. &.०७) A written contractor en
gagement.
Kardr-sajbadi, (?) Tel. Stipulated cultivation, as com
pared with what has been actually executed.
Kardr-caik, Tel. (from S. वाक, speech) Fixed estimate, verbal
agreement.
KARAR, (?) H. A class of agriculturists in the district of
Mainpuri.
KARAऎ, CURAo, II. (A',*) Marriage of a widow with the
brother of a deceased husband, as practised among the Jaits,
Gujars, Ahtrs, and other inferior tribes, in the north-west
 KAR.
provinces, although it is looked upon as disreputable : the
term is also applied to concubinage.
KARAwEPPU,Mal. (cofoeno-lg-i) Plantations on high grounds.
KARAwANT, Mar. (करर्वत) A particular tribe of Brāhmans,
or a member of it.
KARAwo, (?) Sindhi, A man employed to watch the crops.
KARAyMA, Mal. (eexp(o29१, probablyt he same as the Tam. ewaporation.
KARAI, ५. w.) Freehold or private property. KARL, (?) Mar. Hard or gravelly black soil.
JK4rdyma-hdram, Mal. (०b2(o29acexport) A proprietor of KARMA, S, used in all the dialects, Sometimes modified, as
freehold land.
JK4r4/ma-tettam, Mal. (copropeg6)(Jos०) Private property
obtained by purchase.
KARBA, Thug. Secure and complete burial (Dakh Thug),
KARBA, KARBr, Gu2. (%Sv1, %svil) Stalks or straw of
different grains.
JKarba-pati, Gu2. (%svt५४l) A tax on straw, originally
levied in kind, afterwards commuted for money.
KARDA, H. (le,*) Exchange, barter, balance of value be
tween goods or coins.
KARDA, Mar. (? corruption of KARTHA) The denomination
or heading under which the names of the actual culti
vators or the fields are registered.
KARH, Thug. Search or inguiry after Thugs.
KARHU, Thug. A searcher after, or disturber of, Thugs.
KARHAf, Thug. A feast.
KARHUA, H. (lyध्;) A loan, a debt, a premium on a loan,
a deduction from the sum lent.
KARIAH, H. (A. *५,ं) A willage.
KARiB, H. (५-५,*, plural AkRIBA, ५A)) lit. Near, near to ;
also, near in relationship, a kinsman, a relative, a con
nexion by birth or marriage, excepting the relation of
parent and child.
JKardbat, or Kurbat, H. (A. ५-५]/*, ५-४,*) Propinguity,
relationship.
*urbjandr, H. 99#9) Near neighbourhood.
KARIKA, or KARIKA-wRIDDHI, S. (कारिका, कारिकावृद्धिः)
Stipulated interest ; also kāritdoriddhi (कारितावृडि).
KARIMEWAN, plural KARIMEwARU, (?) Karn. A class of
slaves in Kanara, a division of the Dhers.
KARIMPATTAN, (?) A class of agricultural slaves in Malabar.
KARfNtºN H. (J*.9४, for hdli, black) Black salt, an
impure Preparation of a medicinal salt, or muriate of
soda.
KARiZ, H. (P.G29४) A water-course, especially one con
structed for irrigation underneath the surface of the ground.
264
KAR
KARJ.JA, Ben. (ङ्ख्ञै) A loan, a debt ः (vernacular corruption
of Kara, ५. v.),
JKarjjad4r, Ben. (श्ख्ञानांक्) A debtor.
KARKA, (?) H. The tract that lies along the Jumna in
some of the districts of the north-west provinces.
KARKACH, KURKUCH, Uriya (६६०) Salt obtained by solar
KARM, KARAM, KARAMAM, KARUMAM, KAMMA, KAM,
(कम्मै) Act, action, work ; any act of piety or religion,
as sacrifice, marriage-ceremony, funeral obseguies, duty or
acts obligatory on tribe or caste ; fate, as the conseguence
of acts.
JKarmacharं, corruptly, JKerimcharry, Ben. (S. रुर्मूत्रिiनिी)
Karamch4ri, H. C.39'ं,*) In Bengal, an officer ap
pointed by a Zamindar, or payer of revenue, to collect
the revenues, and arrange the affairs of a willage ; a factor,
a steward.
JKarmakdra, S. (कम्मॆकाग्) Kdmdr, Ben. (कiभांझ) Kam
mari, Kammaraoddu, Tel. (sं३०, sंॐ~ण &) JKam
mdra, Kammdraoamu, Karn. (&CSSठ&। &cॐGoॐKo)
JKarmmakdram, Mal. (co22aexport) An ironsmith, a
blacksmith, one of the five chief castes of the left-hand
castes in the south.
JKammudam, Tam. (EthLarrsITॐा) An artificer, a handi
craftsman, especially one of five orders, stonemasons, car
penters, blacksmiths, brasiers, and goldsmiths.
.Kammacddu, Tel. (sं२~णम्ॐC) A caste of Telinga Stidras,
commonly called Kammaoars ; they are numerous, and
chiefly engaged in agriculture.
JKammarihamu, Tel. ($3३bsं००)
The agricultural caste
called Kammaoars.
JKaramacero, Gu2. (%२.२t१२u) A poll-tax.
JKammittam, Mal. (co22l3०) Coining, making money.
JKammittapura, Mal. (co2203a-ao) A mint.
KARNAVEDHA, S. &c. (कणैः, the ear, and वेध, piercing)
Piercing the lobes of the ear of a child, a ceremony re
Guired to be observed prewious to tomsure.
KARopA, Tel. ($CT०) An overseer, an inspector or
Superintendant.
KARPASA, or KARPASA, vernacularly, KAPAS, corruptly,
KERPAs, KERP, CoPAs, S., &c. (कपेीस, कापेीस, U•५*,
कपास) Cotton, the raw or undressed produce of the
Gossypium herbaceum ; also, the plant.
 KAR
KAR
KARRAIMA, (?) Mal. A verbal agreement with a poorer KARTrrk, Mar. (काचैिक, perhaps from S. कृत, to cut) A very
temant or cultivator. low caste, or member of it, whose business is that
RARRU, Tel. (ं) KARU, Karn. (Coं9) A ploughshare. of killing animals and selling the flesh ; the Hindu।
KARsAf, or KARsAf, Mar. (कारसहै, कारसाई) An impost in butcher.

kind, as corn, straw, &c., from a willage dependent or a KARU, Tel., Karn. (श`ं9) The wet season ः the crop of
fort, for the use of the latter. rice sown in April, and reaped in June-July.
KARsAL, Thug. The large male antelope : if he cross the Kdrubatta, Karn. (००ॐ०० टॆ.) Rice growing in the hot
road from left to right it is a lucky omen ; if the reverse, Season, and reaped in the rains.
unlucky. JKarubele, Karn. (छब्)ं७ं) The wet Season crop.
KARsHA, KARsHAPANA, S. &c. (कषै, कर्षॆपण) A weight of JKarupanta, Tel. (ं9ं9०c2) Rice sown in the wet
gold or silver egual to I6 mdishas, or about l80 troy season, the chief crop of the Tamil countriesः it is also
grains ; in Uriya, it is written Karisa, and means a brass applied to the lesser crop, or that which is sown in spring,
weight of four mdrhas. and reaped in the rains.
KARsHA, S. &c. (कषै:) Ploughing, tillage. KARU, Tel., Karn. ( seco) KARU, Tam. (e(Cप्;) Black,
JKarshaka, vernacularly, JKarshah', and Krishak, S. &c. dark ; also, salt, saline, withered.
(कषैकः) A ploughman, a cultivator. Karubhami, Tel (शं9ॐण`२०) Saline soil.
KARTA, KARTTA, S., but adopted in all the dialects, (कर्तेी) JKarukdya, Tel. (ऽष्ॐose०ऽ०) Weak or blighted corn.
KARTrAvA,Mal. (*(ofopo-) An agent, a maker, one who JKarugkurucai, Tam. (G(Drile)ppl००२6-) A kind of
does any thing, a husband, a proprietor, an heir, one black rice of guick growth.
who has inchoate rights, the active or managing member JKarumilam, Tam. (G(्ग्,pl6ota) Black and barren soil.

of a family. JKairupu, Tel. (ssॐo30) Naturally produced salt, saline

KARTA, or KApTA, Mar. (कडता) An addition of I0छै sdrs efilorescence.

to a palla, or I20 s6rs, on various articles of consump JKaruttakkadappu, Tam. (८(ंग्रंठकैट्'-LL) Black

tion ; this, with a further addition of 2ं sdrs, named paddy, or rice in the husk.
k4nta, makes up a pahha palla of I83 s6rs. KARU, Karn. (Coं9) A Blacksmith.
KARTTANi, or KATRANf, H., Ben., &c., ५. ँ, ५’ :S, from JKarumdm, Tam. (ट्(CBLarTcेण) Karucdm, Mal. (eex(OBo-lprrt)
S. कृत, to cut) lit, Chippings, cuttings ; applied also for A blacksmith.

merly to unauthorised deductions from the revenue, under KARt, or KAम्:U, Mar. (कडू) The offspring of a female slave,
various pretexts, from the payments by the revenue-payers : or of a woman by a second marriage.
a cess imposed in some parts of IBengal before the per KA BU, Mal. (co{?) A stake with a sharp point, for im
petual settlement, to compensate for such deductions. paling malefactors. _

KARTr, (?) A division of the solar year, one twenty-seventh ; KARUKUHUN, (?) Tel. A gold pagoda, worth four rupees.
used for agricultural purposes, as the times of sowing, KARUM, (?) Tam• The same as the markal, a measure of
reaping, &c. (Northern Circars), capacity holding about sixteen guarts.
KARTTI KA, vernacularly, KARTI K or KATIK, S. &c. (काचैिक) KARUwAi, or KARwAI, Tel. (ssं9॰ण`०oo) Estimated, as
The eighth month of the Hindu year (Oct--Now.), when produce.
the moon is full in Krittikd, or the Pleiades. karucdi-daul, Tel. (from H. J;9a mode) Demand on each
KArtihotsaca, S. &c. (from उत्सव, a festival) A festival on Ryot's produce, according to the estimate.
the day of full moon, in the month JKairtik. KARUvALA, (?) Tel, The treasury or strong room of a temple.
JKarttiha-phasal, Karn. (Co3.Fॐं७०) The harvest of KAItwA, Thug. A sguare or oblong grave for the bodics of
JK4rtih, the same as the JKharif crop of Hindustan, or the murdered.

that which is reaped between Nowember and January.
JKarttihsali, IBen. (काङ्क्ष्मिीनी) The rice crop of the
cold season, gathered after Nowember : the principal har
west in Bengal.
265
KAftwANsi, H. (_PGl9*) The twentieth part of a Wi&ndns; ;
a fractional portion of a joint-tenancy willage.
KARwARA, H. (४9';9*ः करवारा) The vessel or bucket fast
ened to the rope of a lever employed to raise water.
8 w
 KAR. KAS

KAnwAn, Mar. (कयै'ाद) A petty mahdl or district १ one com KAsA, Tel. (Sºs"`) A son by a female slave.
prising ten or twelve willages, some belonging to one maludl, KASA, (?) Sindhi. A grain measure, āth part of a kharwar.
some to another. KASAB, H. &c. (A. v-~~*? Trade, business, profession, art,
KARZ, H. (A. c3;) KARJ, Mar. (कजे) Ben. (कष्ौं) KARAJ, skill ; also, in GuZ., gold and silver thread used in em
Uriya, (०6.६)KARJU, Tel. (ं’ह) Debt ः in Moham broidery.
madan law, besides the general sense, it implies a loan JKasal)-uer0, Gu2. (%२aviaशेu) Tax on occupations and
to be repaid by something dissimilar, but of egual value, crafts. _

in distinction to Ariyat, the return of the identical thing KAsAB, KAsAi, H. &c, (५-*५4ं, -34ं) A butcher.
borrowed ः a money loan, money lent at interest for an JKasdi dukdn gutta, Karn. (ॐयेव्,०००ॐoठव्)७% ड.) A tax

indefinite time. in Mysore on butchers' stalls or shops.

Karjaddya, Ben. (दयीनीष) Paying a debt. KAsAD, H. (A. o५.४) Want of currency or demand, a flat or
JKarj-andain, Mar. (कर्जस्रमदानं, from the P. ७*", to come) dull market.

The heading of that side of an account in which are to KAsAyr, KASyr, KUSUM, KUSM, H. &c. (A. ~G) An oath.

be entered future receipts, in discharge of loans. JKasam-ndma, H. (P. &८७) An affidavit.

JKarjdd, Mar. (कजैीज) Money lent or borrowed at interest. JKasdmat, corruptly, Kissimit, H. Administration of an oath.
JKarg- or Karj-ddr, corruptly, Keredar, H. &c. (9'o-3*, RASAR, KUSUR, H. &c. (A. AG) Defect, deficiency, diminu
कजेदारं) A debtor, a borrower. tion. In Mar. Kasar (कसर), as applied to accounts,
JKarj-dddam, Mar. (कजेदादनं, from P. ७-' , to give) signifies departure from a correct or perfect balance,
The heading of the side of an account in which are whether through excess or deficiency, or the sum to be
entered payments of debts to be made. added to, or Subtracted from, the totals on either side, to
JKarg? or Karji, H. &c. (_s’ं9*, कजीं) A debtor, a bor make them agree.
rower ; amy thing relating to a loan or debt. JKasaru, Karn. (ॐॐo) Profit or loss on the exchange of
JKarjhari, Mar. (कज्ञेकरी) A borrower, a lender ; an officer coins. (It seems likely that the Hindu dialects have
or servant employed to dun a debtor. made some confusion between the Arabic words, JKasar
JKarjkhat, Mar. (कजैखत) A note of acknowledgment of a 9~～'), deficiency, and JKasar, or JKathar (9*), excess,
debt ः also, Karj-ndma, and Karj-rokha. and have blended the two meanings under one term.)
Jंargkhmcdh, H. (४),**,ं) A creditor, a dun. । 4ंasar, Kasrdit, H. 9~ं, ५-'~ं) Profit and loss, a head of
JKirdg, A. (C3],*) Repaying, borrowing', a debt ः in law, an account So named.

a kind of partnership in which one party advances the
capital, the other the labour or skill, and the profits are
divided in stipulated proportions.
JKirdgi-lachher{, (-9*-**)) An office for the collection
of outstanding rewenue balances.
KARJI-KAI, Karn. (ंह-ठाठ०७०) A cess levied
Mysore on the heads of the Lingamite establishments in
lieu of sweet cakes which they had been at one time
compelled to supply the Paligftrs with at the festival of
Ganesa.
KARAwA, (?) H. A hired or bond ploughman who is paid
by a proportion of the nett produce of the fields he has
ploughed.
KAsA, vernacularly, KAs, incorrectly, KANs, S. &c. (काशा)
A tall grass, growing luxuriantly in many places, espe
cially on neglected and sandy soils, sometimes l2 or lā
feet high. (Saccharum spontaneum.)
266 _
JKasarpatti, Mar. (कसरपट्टी) Excess in distributing the
undivided assessment ; a cess or tax imposed to make up
for any deficit in the collections.
JKasarcarttdld, Mar. (कसरवर्त्राळठा) Allowance for loss or
gain upon the Guantity of grain brought into and received
in back from the public storehouses by the farmers.
Kasrat, corruptly, kesrant, H. (५-2,* ) Difference, properly,
in excess, between the land measure established by Beng.
Reg. xi, I70ं), and that of preceding years.
JKasttr, or Kasttr, H. (A. 29~～) Fault, offence, crime : de
ficiency, defect : allowance for difference in the walue of
coins, a cess formerly levied upon the cultivators to cover
any difference that might occur between the value of the
coins paid by them and the standard currency.
KAsBA, H. (A. ५49), KAsUBA, Tel. (*39श्य) A small
town or large willage, the chiefor market-town ofa district.
KAstrT, CAsHT, H. &c, (५-~～४, from Jं४, to sow, as seed)
।
 KAS
Cultivation, agriculture, tillage ; a tenure by which the
rewenue is assessed according to the value of the crop.
Kisht-hdr, H. )७--~～४) A cultivator, a farmer.
Adsht-hdr-jadid, H. (from A५A-, new) Acultivator newly
Settled in a willage.
Kasht-hdr-kadim, (from ***, old) A cultivator long esta
blished in a village, a hereditary cultivator.
kisht-ā-malihdn, H. (from c4-J५०, a master) Cultivation by
the proprietors of the lands themselves.
Khttd-7adsht, H. (from the P. e*-, self) A resident cul
tivator, one cultivating his own hereditary lands, either
under a Zamindar or as a coparcener in a village. In
Bengal, one class of them, holding their lands at fixed rates
by hereditary right, sometimes sub-let them, except the part
about their dwelling, in which they continue to reside,
and although ceasing to cultivate, and, engaged in trade or
business, they retain their designation of khatd-hdsht. The
term is also applied in the north-western prowinces to lands
which the proprietor, or the payer of the Government
revenue, cultiwates himself " cutting) Cutting, a cut, a wound, &c. ; also, fig., cutting
Pdhā-kasht or Pdihasht, H. (c~~*४.º५) A non-resident
cultivator, ome who cultivates lands in a willage in which
he is not a settled or permanent resident ; see Pdh?, &c.
KASHTA, vernacularly, KAsHT, S. (कष्ट) Hard, painful, dis
tressingly high, as an assessment; severe, as a punishment.
KASHTH, or KATH, incorrectly, KAST, Mar. Beng. ( काष्ठ, कोर्ट,
कंठे, from the S. काष्ठ) Wood, timber.
JKit///ara, Kathrd, Beng. (दशठे?ोजl, दशठैङ्गीं) An inclosure
of timber to receive offerings made at funerals and the
persons who accept them ; a palisade, a stockade.
JKat/.?ara, GuZ. (%४bvtu२.u) A wood-cutter.
Katha//a, or Kaithuriyd, Ben. (कोट्टैप), दशंठेतिय) A wood
cutter and seller.
KisID, corruptly, CossID, H. (A. A-८७) A courier, a running
footman or meSSenger, a postman.
KAsoTf, Hindi (कशोती) An account of the revenue due by
each cultivator.
RASSI, KUSSEE, Thug. The pickaxe used in digging graves
previously consecrated by peculiar ceremonies ; to swear
by it is the most solemn form of oath amongst the Thugs.
KAsU, corruptly, CASH, Tel. Karn. (se:OC) A small copper
coin, current at Madras, made edual, in l892, to the
Calcutta and Madras paisa and rated at 64 to the rupee :
it was formerly rated at 80 to a fanam, a small Silver coin :
it also means, in Tamil (GITGi), coin, money in general ;
267
KAT
as, Pomakdsu, gold coin ; Wenmikdsu, silver coin; Pettalaā
kdsu, copper coin : it formerly denoted a coin of a certain
value, Supposed by Mr. Ellis to have been the same as the
S. karsha, and edual to the double silver fanam of Madras.
KAT, Mal. (cox9s, no doubt from .the S. काष्ट) A wood, a
jangal.
JKaitrodram, Mal. (co-2sa-a9(o०) A tax on lands bordering
on waste or wilderness in lieu of any assessment on tracts
that may be cultivated within it.
KAT, Beng. (दे) A fixed term, a stipulated period ; a bond.
JKathana, Uriya (१8१Gi) An engagement, an agreement,
a bargain.
JKat-koldld, commonly, Kut-labdla, or Kat-coballa, Beng.
(कप्रेददशंदांलi, vernacular corruption of the A. Al५G, an
engagement) A conditional engagement, a deed of con
ditional sale, stipulating that if the purchase price, or money
advanced, be not repaid within a given term, the sale shall
become absolute.
KAT, H. &c. (G-४, from ७्र४, to cut, S. karttana कर्त्तेन,
of retrenching', &c.
JKaitam, H. &c. (Jº४) Cutting ; lit. or fig., cutting of re
trenchment.
Kaitkabal, Beng. (केलवृन, from J; ं, consent) Obstinate
refusal to confess or acknowledge a charge.
K44-hu!, Beng. (के) Stoppage of wages, cutting
off or retrenching allowances, reducing the demand of a
creditor by a counter claim. Uriya (G|898) Altera
tion or falsification of deeds. H. (e-*e-४) Chippings,
cuttings, Scraps.
JKata?, H. (.* ) Season for cutting grain, harvest-time.
KATA, H. (A. 3aं) A cutting or breaking off; a section ः
maiming, wounding.
JKata-at-ldrfl, A. (J:)"ell Aed) A highway-robber,
KATAf, Mar. (कटई) A caste, or individual of it, workers in
leather.
KATAfyA, H. (Lं, कटैया) Coarse grass growing on fields
left fallow.
KATA J, Mar. (कातळ) Rock stone.
JKatalica!, Mar. (कातळवट) Rocky, stony ground.
KATAM, Mal. (c6,0(O०) A Malabar league, consisting offour
ndri/ds, or between छे and 6 miles English.
KATAN, IBeng. ( कiछेन) Spinning.
JKatani, corruptly, Kateence, Beng. (हनिी) A female
spinner : the wages of spinning.
 KAT
JKatam{yd, Beng. (शर्धेनीपt) A man'whose business is
spinning thread or cotton.
KATAN, H. (A. Jं) ILinen cloth ; also, linseed.
KATBA, Mar. (कतषा, from ५--' ँ, a book or writing), KA
TAPE, or KATABE, Karn. (ॐठं-ई9, ॐष्ठंश्3x Pemalty bond,
recognisance, paper of agreement : a writing given to a
Panchayat by the parties appealing to it asserting the truth
of their statements, and agreeing to acknowledge their guilt
if pronounced in the wrong.
KATGAR, Thug. A scout or spy.
KATGUTA, commonly, KUTGooTTA, Mar. (?) Tenure of land
held at a fixed rate of revenue, usually lower than the or
dinary rate : the term seems to be properly Tamil ; see
JKattuguttagai.
KATHA, Beng. (शठैi) A measure of land, varying in dif
ferent places, but usually a sGuare of four cubits, or six
feet long ; see Kattha.
JKithdbar{, Beng. (कशंठैीवर्जिी) A staffor pole aboutsix feet,
used in measuring land.
JKaghdhali, IBeng. (शठैदिशंली) Working a sum in sur
veying, giving the result in Kathdis.
KATHA, KUTHA, H. &c. (S. ५ं, कथा) Astory, a fable. A
favourite entertainment amongst the Marhattas, or the
public recitation of a narrative, insterspersed with music
and singing, of the actions of the gods, or of individuals,
with allusions to passing events or persons ; thence, old
manuscript Kathās are sometimes produced in evidence of
claims to hereditary rights or property which they have
alluded to.
KATHAKU-RATHA, Uriya(०थlgaथl) Werbatim evidence, &c.
KATHAR, Thug. One of the clans of the Thugs.
KATHI, Gu2. (%u४l) The name of a tribe the inhabitants
of Cattinodr.
JKathipdl, Gu2. (%u४t५u&t) A tax levied from the people
by the Kathts.
KATHf, corruptly, CUTTy, Mar. (काठी) A measure of land ः
as formerly used it was found to vary from five to to ten
cubits : the average for the survey was taken at the valu
ation offive cubits and five closed fists or feet9. IIौं, inches,
making the Bighā egual to 4883 sguare yards : the term
also designates the measure, the rod or pole. Beng. (कोठेनि)
A measure of capacity, varying in different places, but
usually about I0 s6rs.
KATHAwA, Thug. The man who cuts up the bodies of the
murdered before burying them, by which it is supposed
268
KAT
that all smell is prevented and the bodies will not be
thereby discovered.
KATr, Karn. (Cocº) An obsolete grain measure in Mysore
containing 40 k4nis of 80 rupees weight, or B200 rupees;
also, a land measure used in Kanara for betel-nut gardens,
containing 484 sguare feet.
KATI, commonly, CATTy, Malay ( –* ) A weight in general
use throughout the Archipelago, and extending to China ;
100 katis are egual to one pikal of 18Bट्टेlb. avoirdupois
and each is therefore egual to 21हैं ounces or l $lb. ; it con
tains 16 7' ंl, or, commonly, Tale : it varies in value in
some of the islands.
KATIKA, or KATIKAI, less correctly, KATKAI, Karn.
(ठाळ86ं, ठाढ&5ठब्)ooo) Plundering, pillage, marauding.
JK/ttikamu, Karn. (ठब्&35ं७) A plunderer, a marauder,
a fowler.
KArkHUpA, KADkHUDA, H. (P. ५e*, lo-As) Head of a
a family ; sometimes applied to the headman of a village.
KATKiNA, or KATAKINA, H. &c. (Aं, कटकिना) A farm
or lease of revenue, am under farm or lease held of a Za
mindar or other proprietor : in Bengal, letting land at
a rack rent.
JKatkinadair, H. (9eं ) An under farmer or renter
holding under the revenue payer, or Zamindar. In Ben
gali, the person who lets the land at a rack rent.
Kathindddri, Beng. (कश्छेदिश्ननिोनी) Letting land to under
tenants at a rack rent ; holding land under another.
KATKoLA, Thug. A carpenter.
KATL, H. (A. UG), KATAL, Beng. (हजल), KATrAI, Mar.
(कत्वल) Killing, slaughter, murder. In Mohammadan law
five kinds are distinguished.
JKatl-dmd, A. (AAe.JंG) Wilful murder by an adult and
Sane person.
4ंatl-shabal-4nd, A. (AAe &ं) Manslaughter, the death
of a Person caused by an injury umlikely to have caused
death : lit., the semblance of murder.
JKatl-khatd, ('ue- ५)ंG) Killing by mistake or misadwenture,
as killing one man for another, or a man for an animal.
JKatl-kdim-mahdm ba khatd, A.(Uas- ५ •५-२ •'GCG) Kill
ing a person by injuring him unintentionally, or through
misadwenture. _
-katl-ba-sabab, A. (५-५.५ UंG) Killing unintentionally
by an intermediate cause, as where a person has dug a
well and not guarded against accident, and some one falls
into it and perishes.
 KAT KAT

{'ः
Mat!-mabdh,A. (ट-५-० UG) Justifiable homicide: this might KATrAwAM, Tam. (et-l-TuLita) Force, compulsion.
be added to the preceding, but it is only incidentally JKattiyam,Tam. (ट्'-'9-u-ita) A royal edict or proclamation.
ुः noticed in Mohammadan law. KATTE, Karn. ( ँं) A bank, a dam, a reserwoir,
KATLI, or KATLE, Karn. ($ं, $ं) An order, a rule : a especially one which becomes dry in the hot weather : in
'ं
weight. composition, a place where business is transacted ; as,
JKaglekallu or -gallu, Karn. (ं -Kं) Stones used 4ral6-katte, Karn. (esं) A place where contracts
as weights. for cotton are made.

KATLAI, or KATTAL, Tam. (?) A single field or parcel of
land amidst those of a village. Tanjore. Fifth Rep. 774.
KATMATf, Hindi (कटमाटी) Clayey land which soon dries up
on the surface.
KiTNIBANDf, Hindi (काटनिबंदी) Reaping the harvest.
Puraniya.
KarNAyrण्,Tel.(**Bंoo) Presents made to superiors; amaZar:
presents by relations to each other at the time of marriage.
KATORI, Thug. Place selected for the murder, lit., a cup,
but used in a phrase, Jdo katori manjh ldo, Go and clean
the cup, which implies, go and select a convenient spot for
the perpetration of the murder. .
KATRA, (?) The small irregular rice-fields in waste tracts,
which are newer irrigated.
KATRA, KUTRA, H. (४ं) A market-place, a suburb, a mar
ket-town belonging to a fort.
KATRf, H. (-9ं, कटरी) Land recovered from, or left by,
large rivers.
*
KATTA, Mal. (º3) A clod of earth.
Fatta regar, (?) A stiff loam. Northern Cirkars.
JKatte sauda, (?) A black soil. Northern Cirkars.
KATrA-KANAyr, Mal. (ceseexpo००) A complimentary present
made by a tenant or leaseholder to the proprietor of an estate.
KATrA, Tel. (ं) A bank, a shore, a dam, an embankment;
a custom-house station.
KATTABHATTA, Karn. (ं 3.) Parcels of grain formerly
given to the willage accountants by the cultivators, but after
wards appropriated by the state.
KATTADA, Tel. ( ४ंॐ) An order, a rule, a regulation.
KATTADAKA, Karn. (ंॐ ँ) A written agreement.
KATTAL, Tam. ( Grा' ँ)) Protection, preserving, watching.
Fachch6-hatte, Karn. (ं) The place where the
respectable men of a village assemble.
Sunkada-katte, Karn. A gustom station, a toll-house.
-9.9 । ४-9
JKerdhatte, Karn. (ठं&eं}) A bank or dam ofmasonry.
KATTHA, KUTTHA, corruptly, CoTTAH, H. (ं) A measure
of land, the twentieth part of the Bengal Bigha of I000
sguare yards, containing 80 Sguare yards, or 720 sguare
feet. Im Hindustān the term is applied also to a grain
measure of five sers: see Katha ः it may be doubted i
these are not the same words, although differently written
and explained).
KATTI, also written CATTw or CATTIE, but apparently both।
are incorrect, as the word occurs in the original characters
KATH I, Gu2. (%u४l) The name of a ruling tribe settled in,
and giving its name to, the province of Kattiwar, who, ac
cording to one tradition, immigrated thither from the banks
of the Indus some time in the eighth century ; but, accord
ing to another, came originally from the Jamuma, and did
not reach their present site till the fourteenth. They are
divided into three principal families named Wala, or Wara,
Khachar, and Khuman, of each of which there are other Sub
divisions. The Kattis are a tall, robust race, Sometimes
having light hair and blue eyes,and,until of late years, were
distinguished for their turbulence and fierceness, and aver
sion to the pursuits of a peaceable life : latterly they have
subsided into more orderly habits, and follow agriculture.
JK6thipdl, Gu2. (%u४.५u&t, from the S. pala, पाल, pro
tection) Black mail paid either to the Kattis for forbear
ance, or to some chief for protection.
KATTI, Tel. (s &.) A measure of land containing about
fourteen acres.

JKattaoardyam, Tam. (GrाळैgeuDrTu-ॐी) A watchman, KATTI, Tel., Karn., and Mal. ($ं9.) A sword or knife,
a guard. especially that used by the drawers of the tdr4.
KArयु'ALAI, Tam. (ELL-ॐ6IT), KATLE, Karn. (ं) An
JKattihdram, Mal. (cº(ortmcexport) । A tdrt or toddy
order, a command. Settled rate or price. drawer.

KATTALAI, Tam. (Gंठrrºo) Rice growing onhigh ground. JKattippanam, Mal. (ं(oomg–{०’’००) Tax on tdri drawing.
KATTANARA, Mal. (ce) (GroCO2(o) The Syrian or Syro-Roman JKattimadice, Karn. (ं 8ं563) The representation of
priest in Malabar. a king at his marriage by a sword as his proxy.
269 8 Z
 KAT KAU

KATrII.STHANAM, Mal. (ं6-3l(obcroppo०) Property given by ।
a Nair to his wife and children.
KATTU, Tel. and Karn. (ं, from ं, to bind) A ।
binding, a bond, a law, a rule, an arrangement : a bunch । KAUL, KoUL or 00UL, Kow L, H., but used in most dialects,
of straw in which some of the grain is preserved for next
Season's sowing.
JKa!!ubadi, Tel., Karn., Tam. (sं9००, from kattu, a bond,
and padi, having fallen into, tht initial changed) A re
venue term usually applied to a fixed, invariable, and
favourable or guit-rent, which has been assessed on lands
granted to public servants.
JKattabadi-agrahdrama, Tel. (from agraltdram, ५. v.) A
willage assessed at a guit rent.
JKattubadi-bantrotulu, corruptly, JKutpuddee Peon. Tel.
(from ६००७ंग्रंo 99, ५. v.) Peons or militia paid for
their services by grants of land at a Guit-rent.
JKattabadi-1ndmu, Tel. (see Inftm) A grant of land paying
a Small or fawourable rent.
JKattubadi.jana, Karn. (S..jana जनं, people) Public Servants
holding lands at a low assessment, and who, when occasion ।
reduires, perform the duty of soldiers.
-kattubadi-lahandrikd, Tel. (see Khandrika) A portion of
land granted at a low rate of assessment.
kattubadi-multdisa, Tel. (See Mukhdisa) A willage granted
of barren or fallow lands for a fixed annual Sum, not
liable to increase ; also, the land SO held.
KATUPPArrAs, Mal. (८bsp-srt) A low tribe of Nairs.
corruptly, CowL or Cow LE, (A. J;) KAUL, Beng. and
Mar. (८लेन, कौल), KAw ULU, Tel. (*७eo), KAvULU,
KAULU, Karn. (G १co, 6.७jeo), KAvUL, Tam. (G6-50)
Lit., A word, a promise, an agreement or contract : the
term is used in various deeds granted by superiors to in
feriors, in which the engagement implies an act of grace
or favour : a promise of pardon or of safe conduct to a
rebel or offender to induce him to give himself up. In
revenue transactions a Kaul usually means the document
granted by the collector, proprietor, or receiver of the
revenue to the subordinate payer of the revenue, or the
actual cultivator, stating the terms of the agreement and
the amount to be paid, and securing him against further
demands : it freduently implies, also, that the contract
or lease is granted on fawourable conditions, as in the
case of the cultivation of waste lands, for which a remis
sion of rent is granted for a given period by a Kaul.
Kaulachara, Karn. (Gocणव्&ग्छँ) A guit-rent on land.
kaulāicam, Mar. (कीलावण) The cost or fees of procuring
a kaul. _

for services at a low or guit-rent. Jंaul-bira, H. (9-५c);* ) lit., The betel of contract ः the
JKattubadi/indm, Tam. (G--G-4-LL)ड्छta) ILand held ceremony of giving betel to the mearest male relative of a
at Guit-rent. girl at the time of betrothment, to obtain his consent,
kattudale, Karn. (ंe9) Agreement, settlement, rate practised by the Mohammadans of Hindustatn.
of assessment. JKaul-kardr, Mar. (कीलकणार, from the A. J* and 9),*) A

JKattuguttajai, corruptly, JKutt//oota, Kºt//oot, Kutt//ootee,
andCutt0000otaga,Tam. (Et--Gg)ंठ&PG) Land held in
farm at apermanently fixedmoney-rent,which isusuallylight.
(ंठब्9S)
JKattukalic6ं, Karn. A large channel for
irrigating the land and supplying reservoirs.
Kattukidai, Tam. (GLOGeी&ु-) Any thing detained
term in written engagements, as leases, &c., to denote
agreeing to the terms proposed.
/ंaul-ndma, H. (P. &८U) The written woucher granted to
the revenue-payers specifying the terms of their payments
and amount : any written contract or engagement.
JKaul-patrah, Mar. (कीलपचक) One of the village accounts,
that of lands cultivated on a reduced assessment.
।
५ौ

till it is damaged.
JKattakali, Karn. (ं &ऽ-०g)) Regulated hire. JKauli, H. (J*, adj. of kaul) Relating to an engage ु।
JKattumara, Karn. (ंos) A cess lewied in Mysore ment : land held under a kaul or stipulated tenure. In
upon the owners of Areca-tree groves. Benares and the north-western provinces it was applied
JKattutara, Karn. (ं) A paper of settlement between to lands in which the government made its settlement
two disputants. directly with the cultivators, without the intervention of a
JKa{{t{ttara, Karn. (ं5.8) Remission of revenue on third party : it was also applied to lands of which the
account of keeping up dams and embankments, Mysore. assessment was fixed in money not in kind. Mar. (कीली)
kattuttodai, Tam (Gu-७ट्टै3ंठायुG) Grand total. as before : also, waste land brought into cultivation under
KATUBAN, Mar. (कटुवाणं) A grant or tenure in perpetuity a kaul from the state.
270
 KAU
kaulcaram, Tam. (eB6-606urTDrta) A share or portion
of land granted by Kaul in addition to his regular Share,
to induce the holder to cultivate.
KAUL, Thug. A willage.
KAULA, or KAULfA, H. (),*, ५५;*, from Kaulः, an armful)
A bundle or Sheaf of corn given at harvest time as a
perGuisite to reapers and village servants.
KAULKf, Thug. Liguor. _ JK6oalkdr, or Kdoalgdr, or Kaंodlkdram, Tam., Mal.
KAUM, KoUM, H. (A. *) Race, tribe, people.
KAURGA, Thug. Silver.
KAU:f, KoUREE, corruptly, CowRIE, and CowRv, H. (.9,ं)
KARI, Beng. (कजि) Kopr, Gu2. (7t!b A small shall
used as coin in the lower provinces (Cypraea moneta).
In “ account, four Kauris are egual to one Ganda, and
80 Kauris to one Paa.
JKauribhdjid, Uriya (१०६०.६ीथ।) A willage accountant,
charged, also, with the office of collecting the rents.
Kardni/d, Beng. (कङीनिषl) Keeping accounts in JKauris.
KAULIGE, Karn. (ठां)९?7रं) A registrar or accountant
attached to the petty Paligars for the districts under their
control, corresponding to the Karanam or Karnika of
the districts under the government.
KAUSIK, H. (e५५;*, कौसिक) A tribe of Rajputs, in consi
derable numbers in GhaZipur, AZimgerh, and Gorakhpur,
claiming descent from Kusika, the father of Gitdhi, the
founder of Gādhi- or Ghai-pur,
KAwApl, Tel, Tam, Mal. (sं॰०, Grroul9-, ८expo-sh) A
pole for carrying burthens, resting on the shoulder, and
having a string at each extremity by which the articles
to be conveyed are slung ; the IBhangi of the upper pro
vinces.
K4cadi-hdran, Tam. (GrToul9-फैeErT Drॐा) A carrier of
baggage by a Kāvadi, commonly accompanying a pa
lanGuin on a journey.
KAwADAM, Tam. (Grr6-्ठta) A league, a distance of
from eight to ten miles, See kādam.
KAvAI., Mar. (कवळ्) Loppings of bushes to be spread over
and burnt on a field.
KAvAL, corruptly, CAwEL, and CAwELLv, Tam. (BrT6-60,
Mal. (cºpo-lob) Guarding, protecting : confinement, im
prisonment ः the duty of the willage district watch.
_K८calam, Tam. (e5IT6-l60०र्रा ) A protector, a defender, a
king', a husband, a guard, a watch.
Aं4cal4li,Mal.,Tam.(cexpo-le-ipg)) Awatchman,aguard,a
willage watchman. In Tinnevelly,a prisoner,one incustody.
27I
KAW
JKaicalaithalam, Tam. (eBrT6u&ogoota) A prison, a jail.
JKaioal-d68, Tam. (3ंठe, from S. देश, country) Watching or
protection of the district : a cess lewied on the cultivators
to pay the expense of guarding the roads.
Kical-grdmam, Tam. (ElPrrTLota, from S. ग्राम, a village)
Guarding or protecting the willage, a cess levied for the
purpose.
(earr6-l60फैearTDrcठैr) A protector, a guardian, a watch
man ; the willage watchman, who also commonly acts
as a mesSenger and guide for travellers.
Grdma-kdicalkdr, Tam. The willage watchman.
JD68-or Mem-hdicalkdr, Tam. (3ंठकैः, ०Laंी) A powerful
chief a Palayakar (Poligar) or protector, (from S. pdla,
_ protecting); the guardian or officer charged with the
Superintendence of a district.
JKacal-andj, Karn. (टव्)3ee9यव्a४) A cess on the cul
tivators in kind, formerly levied in Mysore for the cost of
watching.
Kacali, the Tel. form of Kacal (s`ॐ9) A watch or
guard, custody.
Kaicalikara, Tel. (Sश्ॐ9sv ँ) A watchman, a willage
watchman.
JKacali-४ddu, Tel. (sष्3&)॰ण॰ॐ७) A watchman, a willage
watchman. _
JKaical-ndrai, Tam. (eBrा6u506LocoxDr) Portion of grain
given to the willage watchman. _
Kicali-rasum, Tel. (from A. •*9) Fees or peruuisites of
the willage watchman.
Kical-pulam, Mal. (cº?o-loba-de-i०) Fee or tax paid for
watching or protection.
JKaःcal-talam, or Talam-kabal, Tam. (ंठ6ota, from S. स्यल,
a place) Watch or protection of any place ; fees for watch
ing levied formerly by the petty Palayakars.
JKdual-thalam, Mal. (cospo-le–l-ne–l०) Share of grain given
to the watchman from the threshing-floor or the field.
See the last.
KAwARA, Mal. (coxo-l०) A tribe in north Malabar, who make
and Sell bambu mats, baskets, &c.
KAVILE, Tel. ($२ब्) An account-book of slips of palm
leaves, Such as is used by the willage accountants in the
Northern Cirkars and Tamil country, whence it is ofton
used for the accounts themselves.
JKacilekattu, Tel. (s२वं) The willage account kept
on palm leaves.
 KAw
KAwA, KAw, or KAi, or, corruptly, Kow, Tel., Karn., Tam.,
Mal. (sº०9, GrTuil) woung or unripe fruit of plants
or trees ; a pod or legume.
JK4yanga, Mal. (८b9Co)०C/०) The areca-nut tree.
JKaiyadhdnyammu, Tel. (se०ऽOद्ग्”ऽ8ॐo०, from S. धान्यं,
grain) Pulse, all sorts of seeds contained in pods or
legumes.
Kaiyatirupa, Tel. ( ऽप्रि०ऽCं9Co3) Duty on fruits and
legumes.
KAwAL, incorrectly, KowAL, H. (A. J५%),KAwAL) Beng.(कiपल)
A weigher, a measurer of grain, the weighman or measurer
of the willage, who weighed out the respective shares of
the crop when the revenue was paid in kind.
JKaydli, incorrectly, Koyali, H. &c. (G५*) Belonging or
relating to the weighman, as his office or duty ; fees or
perduisites paid to the weighman, continued in some parts
of Bengal asan Abn’ab, or cess, after the revenue had ceased
to be paid in kind, and the office of village weighman had
been abolished.
KAwAL, Tam. (earTu-l60) A salt-pam.
KAwALPATAM, Mal. (copeo6-4?s०) Wet land.
KAwARU,or KAwIRU,Tam.(Gu-pp), GLL)gp) Rope, whence
the term Coir, though that is usually applied to rope made
of the fibres of the cocoa-nut alone.
KAwASTHA, S. also, in the dialects, KAwASTH, KAwATH or
KAIT, KAyAT, corruptly, KoIT (कायस्य), also, KAIT,
Beng. (कंड) A caste so termed, or a member of it,
sprung from a Kshetriya father and a Waisya mother, the
occupation of which is that of the writer or accountant :
it is one of the most respectable of the mixed classes.
Among the Marathas the JKatyastha is said to be dis
tinguished from the Kaiyat by locality, the latter being
peculiar to the north
KAyAT, (?) A serwile caste in the countries east of Bengal,
less impure than the Chandala.
KAyrKA, or KAyrKA-vi:IDDHI, S. (कायिका, कायिकावृद्धि, from
hdj/a काय, the body) Lit., Bodily interest, or interest drawn
from the use made of the bodies of animals given in pledge,
a8 of the milk of a cow ; also, according to some, interest
not affecting the body or principal of a loan.
KAwITTAI.AvU, Tam. (ErTLLीpp6IT6-) Measurement by
a rope of a heap of corn or grain in stacks.
KAwwALA, Mal. (ं,९)pea) A threshing-floor ; a place where
corn is collected before threshing.
KAwwARA, Mal. (co९)2०) A water-course, a channel.
272
KEM
KAwwIRIPPA, Mal. (*ऽध्holg-!) Treasure or balance in hand:
see JKidi.
KAZF, A. (५-36G) Accusing, charging, especially falsely, of
umnatural crimes or adultery.
JK4ंif, A. (c-36b) A false accuser, a slanderer.
KAZf, OAZEF, corruptly, CAZI, CAUZw, CAUZEE, KAZw,
(A. ७49) in the Hindu dialects KAJf, Beng., Mar., &c.
(शठी, काजी) A Mohammadan judge, an officer formerly
appointed by the government to administer both civil and
criminal law, chiefly in towns, according to the principles
of the Koran : under the British authorities the judicial
functions of the Ka Zis in that capacity ceased, and, with
the exception of their employment as the legal advisers of
the courts in cases of Mohammadan law, the duties of those
stationed in the cities or districts were confined to the pre
paration and attestation of deeds of conveyance and other
legal instruments, and the general superintendence and
legaliZation of the ceremonies of marriage, funerals, and
other domestic occurrences among the Mohammadans.
Beng. Reg. xxxix. l798.
Jं4g{-4shar, H. (from A. *“ , an army) A military judge
or a KaZf attached to a military station.
}{d:{-ul-Kusdt, corruptly, Caus/-ul-Caucat or al-Coocat,
H. (A. plur. of kagi, ५--'4) The principal Kagi under
the British government, the head Mohammadan legal officer
of the Sadr Adalats, or Courts of Appeal.
JKagd, H. (A. Uay) Judgment, administration ofjustice, the
office of the KaZi.
KAZIA, H. (A. A4-45) KAJ.JA, Mar. (कजा) A guarrel, a
dispute, a lawsuit.
KAZZAE,or KAZA K,H. (G-4#) A robber, a freebooter; one who
robs in a gang, and who sometimes plunders on horseback.
KEBRA, (?) A cess levied upon the town of Salsette to cover
loss upon the rice crop collected and deposited in the town
until disposed of
KEDU, Tam. (GeEG), Mal. (6)०6x5) Term, condition, sti
pulated time of payment, &c.
KEDU vAI.AM, Mal. (6)c6-5o-l3) ०) A bad soil.
KELA, Uriya (GGRl) A gipsy, a vagrant class of people
living by catching snakes, making mats, &c.
KELIs#RAwA, Karn. (ठै0ई०९ॐ) A barber, a hairdresser.
KENDA, Uriya (G१०l) Tar{, the juice of the palm.
KELASA, Karn. (Ge७) Work, business, employment ; as,
JKallu-helasa, stonemasons’ work.
_9
KEMBUTTA, Karn. (G०८०cॐ.) A kiud of rice.
 KEN
KENE, Mar. (केणे) An article of merchandise, a piece of
goods, a commodity, any thing with reference to traffic ः |
some confine it to grain, fruit, wegetables, &c.
KER, KERA, or KERf, Mar. (केर, केरी) Rubbish, refuse.
Kerpatt{, Mar. (केरपट्टी) A tax for maintaining public
sweepers and scavengers.
KERAM, Mal. (6)८6bfo०) A cocoa-nut tree, a cocoa-nut.
KERE, Karn. ( ठं6) An artificial lake or reservoir, a tank.
*ere bandi, Karm. (ठं6ac००) A person employed to keep
the embankment of a tank in repair : the employment.
Kerebandi-a/a-jodi, Karn. (ठंं०६७ eSCCO ॐ५००) A tax
on the holders of small grants of land paid to the pers)ns
charged with the repairs of reservoirs.
(ठं6ठाढ)coईॐ) A channel for leading
JKere-katluoe, Karn.
off the water of a tank.
=2-9=9
Kera-kodi, Karn. (CCC००) The outlet for the Superfluous
water of a tank.
JKere-yere, Karn. (ठे333ऽ3) The bank of a reservoir.
KERIJULU, Tel. (_SO39’eO) Grain fees in general.
KEsARA, Mar. Gu2. (S. केशर) Saffron.
Ke8ard, Mar. GuZ. (केशरा) A yellow or saffron-dyed gar
ment put on by a Rajput warrior when resolved to die
or conguer.
kºsari,or Kesarid, corruptly, KEssIRIWA, Mar.Gu2.(केशरी,
केशरीस्रा) Clothed in yellow,as indicating desperate valour.
KEsARAD-BHt M, Hindi (केसरदभूम) A soil kept always moist
by natural springs near it.
KESU, Karn. (Geं७०) Farming, agriculture.
KETA, Thug. Ardent spirits.
KETrIADARAy, Mal. (6)ee-3ी(७939८5०) SciZure of land
mortgaged for a sum of money on failure of payment of
the stipulated interest.
JKe८ti4ddhanacan,Mal.(6)८9-3GO30०f),Coo-Jrrt) The person
• who takes possession of a mortgaged estate on failure of
payment of interest on the mortgage loan.
KETrISA KSHI, Karn. (?ंं, from hettā, wicked, and
S. sdlshya, evidence) False witness.
KETTA, Mal. (6)co3) Rule, regulation, bond, tie : a bank,
a dam.
JKettaruppa, Mal. (6)८ºsgg-i) Inheritance in the paternal
line (lit., cutting a knot, i.e. not following the order of
succession by the female line, as is usual in Malabar).
Kettiyirippa, Mal. (6)eeंठीGºlfolg–।) Money in hand, pro
perty in store.
ketticarara, Mal. (6)eex3lo-lfoo-) Receipt in cash.
278
KHA
Ketticeppa, Mal. (6)८b3ी6ीo-'g–!) Paying down money :
laying up in store.
Kettuketta, Mal. (6)८b56)८es) A storekeeper, a steward,
a butler.
JKettucaramba, Mal. (6)८9-३०-lfoo०-l) A large bank round
paddy fields to confine the water.
KETU, S. &c. (केतु) The descending node personified as the
tail of the dragon, supposed to cause eclipses by seiZing
the moon. _
KE0T, Uriya (G१६.8) A fisherman, or the caste so employed.
KEvALA DATTAKA, or KEvALA PATTA PUTRA,S. (from केवल,
sole, and दत्त्रक, or दत्वपुच, a son given) A Son absolutely
adopted, in Hindu law. _
KEwAL, (?) A black loamy soil.
JKercaldas, (?) Mar. Black soil.
KEwAयू'f, Mar. (केवटी) A huckster, a retail dealer.
KEwi, Mar. (केवी) Acultivator residing and cultivating lands
in a willage to which he does not belong.
KHABAR, KHUBUR, H. (A. DA5-) News, information : care,
protection.
Khabar-gir, H. (P. *%A5-) An informer, a news writer :
a guardian, a protector.
KHABHA, Thug. A hamlet, a village.
KHABRi, Beng. (श्रीदती) A large hemispherical vessel to
receive the expressed juice of the sugar-cane or other
vegetable extract.
KHACHAR (or (?) more correctly, KHANCHAR), Mar. Rice
'lands.
KHACHUA, Thug. A pickpocket.
KHAD, Mar. (खाद, S. खादनं, eating) Food, &c. ः peculation,
extortion ; articles or money extorted.
KHAD, H. (o५*, खाद) The expense incurred by the Ryots
in preparing their ploughing apparatus.
KHAD, H. (o' ं) A hole or pit, one in which grain is kept.
KHADA, Beng. (‘थीनl) A large land measure, said to be
edual in some places to 27,000 sGuare yards t east of
Jessore to 24 Bighās.
KIIADA-HUNDI, IBeng. (‘थीजोहूखैी) A bill of exchange pay
able at sight.
KiIADAKA, S. (खादक) Lit., an eater; in law, a borrower, a user.
KHADAR, incorrectly, KHADIR, H. ७e५*, खादप्) Low or al
luwial lands, of easy irrigation, and especially fit for rice
cultivation : rice beds, or patches of ground surrounded
by low banks so as to confine the water and moisten the
ground for rice cultivation ; also moist alluwial ground
4 A
 KHA
on which, with or without irrigation, barley and wheat
are grown in some places.
KHADf, H. (.४o५*) A kind of coarse cloth.
KHAEKAR, H. (?) A cultivating tenant.
KHAPfF, H. (A. -3.ुं5-) Light, unimportant.
JKhafifa du2di, H. (from P. .se;e) Petty theft.
JKhgfifa jardim, H. (from A. Fal)-) Petty offences.
JKhafifa mukaddama, (from A. &०Aं-०) A trivial suit or
0aSe. _ _
KHAG, H. (G-16) The horn of a rhinoceros, applied to
a pillar or mound marking the boundary of a willage.
KHAGHA, Thug. A hamlet, a village.
KHAf, H. (.४५% खाई) A ditch, especially as a boundary.
KHAIR, H. (A. A5-) Good, well, best.
Khairat, Khyrat, corruptly, Kheryaut, H. (A. ५“-'A*-)
Mar. (बेरात) Alms, charity ; lands given as charitable
endowments ः (the term is more especially applicable to
grants or alms given by, or to, Mohammadans)
JKhairdt-2amām, H. (P. ७*-9) Land given in charity.
JKhair-klimodh, H. (P. ४b*-) A well-wisher, a common sig
nature to an anonymous petition or address.
KHAf R, Hindi (खडॆणं, S. खदिर) A sort of resin, also com
monly called Khat : Catechu.
JKhair-sdl, H. Tax on collecting catechu resin. Garwhal.
KHAJAN, Mar, (खाजण) A salt-marsh or meadow ; land lying
along the shore of the sea or ofinlets, and exposed to be
flooded; ground recovered by embankment from the sea.
KHAJU R, H. &c. (2*, S. खर्जुर), KHAutj R, Beng. (थीञ्जह)
A date tree (Phoenix dactylifera)ः its fruit. The wild date
tree (Phoenix sylvestris).
Khdjirgtir, Beng. (from शृड्, molasses) Treacle or mo
lasses made from the juice of the wild date.
Khdjair-ras, Beng. (from S. रस, juice) Juice extracted from
the wild date by incisions in its bark, used to make
Sugar or to leaven bread.
KHAK, H. (P. ५4"5-) Earth, dust, ashes.
JKh८kā, H.(A*५-) Relating to dust or ashes : a Hindu।
mendicant who smears his body with the ashes of burnt
cowdung ः soil or land that cannot be irrigated, and de
pends wholly on rain.
Kh4krob, H. (P. ५--2;A'5-) A sweeper, a menial servant
of the lowest class ; also, the sweeper of a village, acting
at times as a watchman, a guide, or a police spy; one of
the willage establishment.
Kh4kistar, H. (P. A.35-) Ashes, also calx of metals.
274
KHA
JKhaktaida, H. (P. ४e;ऽ\ं-) A mark or butt of earth for
shooting at. _
KHAL, or KHALI, H. (S. L}:% ७*) Oil-cake, the sediment
after extracting the oil by the mill.
KHAL, H. (Je-) A maternal uncle, a mother’s brother.
JKhal4, (}5-) A maternal aunt, a mother’s sister.
KHAL, H. (J५*) An inlet of the sea or of a large river, a
creek.
KHALA, H. (*l5-) A written document signed by a judge.
KHALA,.Beng. (S. थन), KHALA, Uriya (६|RI), KHALLA,
H. ()3-), KHALEN, Mar. (खळं), KHALi, or KHALwAD,
Gu2.(v५&{l, vt८1१९) A threshing-floor,a placeeither in the
field or in a shed where the grain is trodden out of the husk:
see Kala ; also, a place where the grain of any individual
of the willage is piled up or stacked, or where it was kept
so stacked until its value had been estimated by the col
lector, and Security for the revenue due on it given.
JKhaleptadaceg, Mar. (बळंतळ्वं) The grain that is swept
up after the removal of the sheaves from the spot where
they had been piled, or from the threshing-floor after
threshing.
JKhala-puitji, corruptly, Kall-poom2ee,Mar. (खठ्ठऐंजी) Small
heaps of grain taken from each larger pile afthe time of
measurement, and, under the Maratha government, con
sidered as the perguisite of the state.
Khalacdri, Mar, (खळवाडी) An inclosed place outside a
willage, containing the bundles ofgrain to be threshed and
the threshing-floors of seweral independent cultivators.
JKhalidm, also, JKhalilldn, H. (७५**, ७५***) A granary,
a barn, a threshing-floor.
KHALA, A. (ं!*-) lit., Putting or turning out. In Moham
madan law, a contract for the dissolution of a marriage ;
the repudiation of a wife at her own desire, when she
forfeits her dower : also, disinheriting a son, turning him
out of doors.
KHALARi, corruptly,CALLARw, COLLERIE, COLLURIE, KHAL
I.ARw, &c. Beng. Cथीनीर्जी) A place where salt is manu
factured t a Salt-bed or pan ; a mound of earth hollowed at
the top, in which straw and other materials are placed
to serve as a filter for the salt water poured upon it, and
which, when freed from dirt and sand, becomes brine for
boiling.
KHALAS, H. (Cel5-), KHALAs, Beng. Cथीनांश्ल) Liberation,
freedom, release ; liberated, enlarged, set free.
JKhul48a, H. (A. &-०}3-) Essence, abridgement, abstract.
 KHA
Khal4si, corruptly, Classie, H. (७~'3-) A sailor, a tent
pitcher, a matross : a Mohammadan labourer of a superior
order, employed chiefly about ships or in the army.
Khal4spatra, Beng. (S. पच, a leaf) An order of discharge,
a deed of release.
KHALATf, KHALATHf, Mar. (खलाटी, ठी) Low rice grounds
about a village.
KHALATf, Mar. (खालाटी) The low country on the upper
part of the Malabar coast, descending from the Sahyādri
mountains to the sea.
KHALIHArH, H. (from hhali Jº-, empty, and hath - ँ७० ।
the hand) lit., Empty-handed, poor, destitute. In Mysore,
a class ofinferior public labourers employed as messengers,
or in mending roads, carrying palankins, &c.
KHALP, H. (A. -43-) A son, an heir, a successor.
JKhalifa, commonly, Caliph, H. (A. AंA5-) The successor
to sowereign power, especially applied to the successors of
Mohammad, who united the characters of head of the state
and of the Mohammadan religion. In India the term com
monly designates a tailor, Sometimes a cook, also the
head boy or monitor of a class.
JKhil4fat, commonly, Caliphate, H. (A.७--Gl3-) Sowereignty,
the office of Khalffः
KHAL-KHOsIA, Thug. A barber.
KHALLf, Thug. A Thug who hides himself from fear of
creditors.
KHALiTA. Thug. A village.
KHALISA but usually pronounced KHALsA, H. &c, (&~l5-,
from /thdlis ०a७- pure, sincere) KHALSA, or KHALISA,
Mar. (खालसा, खालिसा) The excheduer, the office of go
vernment under the Mohammadan administration in which।
the business of the revenue department was transacted, and
which was continued during the early period of British
rule : as applied to lands, it means those of which the
rewenue remains the property of gowernment, not being
made over in Jaijir or Indm to any other parties. Lands
or villages held immediately of government, and of which
the state is the manager or holder. It is termed in some
official papers the rent-roll of the government, meaning
the revenue receivable from gowernment or Khdlsa lands.
The term has been of late familiar as the collective de
nomimation of the Sikh gowernment and people.
Khalsa-kachahr{, H. (see Kaclialiri) The office of the
royal excheguer.
Khalisa maharrari, H. (from A.27-०, fixed) The desig
75
KHA
nation of lands which, under the Mohammadan govern
ment, were considered as permanently paying rewenue to
the state.
JKhdli8a sharifa, H. (from A. ५-8a',ं, noble) The royal ।
excheguer.
KHALPA, erroneously, KALPA, Gu2. (vtu&t ५.u, from S. खल्वं,
skin) A low caste, or member of it, whose business is
dressing skins and preparing leather ः he is sometimes
enumerated amongst the inferior willage servants.
KHALSI, (?) GuZ. A measure of grain egual to fourteen
GuZerati maunds.
KHAM, corruptly, KHAUM, or KAUM, H. (P. pe-) Raw,
unripe, crude ; gross : as a revenue term it implies the
gross as distinguished from the mett revenue of a village,
or a Settlement made with the cultivators direct, withont
the intervention of a third person as a farmer or Zamin
dary the estate being managed, or, as is more usual, mis
managed, by the officers ofgovernment; see Khdं.
JKhdm-4mdani,corruptly, Kamamdaun/, H.(from P. 49--")
Gross receipts or revenue.
JKhambh0gatta, Tel. (ंश्०?ं) The gross account
of a village.
JKhdm-chithd, H. (५*,५-) A rough statement or account.
_Khdm-hisabu, Tel. (from A. ५-*५.-) A general account.
Khdm’jamabandi, H. see Jamabandi. Gross assessment
before making deductions for charges : assessment or settle
ment with the cultivators direct.
JKhdm-lekha, Tel. (१Pºoडं_, from S. लेख) A rough
Statement Or account.
JKhdm-macis, H. (from P. U~ं;) A revenue accountant
under the Mohammadan government.
Khan-talsfl, H. (from A. UA~～) Collection of the re
venue in gross from the cultivators direct by the revenue
officers of government, usually by native officers under the
authority of the collector.
JKhdin-taddrak, H. (from A. J)'AG) Imperfect inguiry or
investigation.
_Khdin-fodsitl, corruptly, ?oossool, also, ?rdsil, H. (from
A. c)~', or J;~;) Gross rewenue, total collections, the
gross revenue of a willage or an estate before the allowed
charges are deducted ; a record or account of the gross
TeWenue.
KHAMAR,corruptly,KHUMAR,CAMAR,CoMAR. Beng.(*थेiभiज्ञ),
KHAMAR, or KHUMAR, Uriya (६|१|G.) A threshing-floor,
the general threshing-ground of a willage, to which all the
 KHA
crops are brought to be cleaned, and from which they ।
cannot be removed till the landlord’s claim is settled. Land
of which the revenue was paid in kind, or of which the
produce was divided in determinate shares between the travellers.
cultivator and the revenue payer or Zamindar ; applied KHAN, H. (P. J5-) A title borne by Mohammadan nobles,
also to lands originally waste, but which, having been | especially when of Persian or Pathān descent ः it is also .
brought into cultivation, were retained by the Zamindars a common adjunct to Afghan or Pathdn names.
in their own hands, or were let out at a grain rent : at
the decennial settlement these lands, prewiously unassessed,
were declared subject to assessment.
Khamdrbhatmi, Uriya (from S. भूमि, land) Cultivated land.
Land cultivated by strangers-not resident or hereditary
cultivators.
JKhamdrchash, Uriya (from ११, husbandry) Cultivating
land on one's own account.
JKhamar-chhutti, Hindi (खमारहुढी) Releasing the grain from
the threshing-ground when the rent is settled for, either
in kind or money.
Khamdirg/llar, Uriya (from S. गृहं, a house) A farm-yard,
a barn, a store-house.
_Kham/iri, or Khamadroi, Uriya (६|१|9.1, ११॥G9॥२) A
bailif, a steward.
Khamair riyat, H. (A. ५-े9) A cultivator who pays
his rent in kind, or in a certain share of the produce.
KHAMARSAL, II. (from S. शाला, a hall or room ; the first
word may be used as implying some analogy to a threshing
floor) A place where iron is fused after having been
smelted from the ore.
KIIAyrAwISHI, or KIIAyrAsr, Karn. (BCंGo२ंx, BCॐCoं७)
Land cultivated under the immediate superintendence of
gowernment.
Khamarishiddr,Karn.(3DंCo२ं)९यवं) A person charged
with the superintendence of government land.
KHAMR, H. (A. A5-) Wine, the spirituous liguor made from
the fermented juice of the grape, the drinking of which
is positively forbidden by the Mohammadan law ः the torm
is applied, but incorrectly, to all spirituous liguor.
JKhainr-mahdil, H. (from J'~ं) Places where spirituous
liduor is sold. 9 *ं99) A written statement of the
JKhumdr, H. (A.),५.5-) Intoxication.
Khumdr-lildna, H. (from P. ४d5-) A tavern, a spirit-shop.
KHAMBA, or KHAA BHA, H. (S. ५े4ं,५:ं) A post, a pillar.
KHAM.JA, (?) H. A person whose business is the appraisement
of standing crops. Upper Provinces.
KHAMS, H. (U~**-) Five, a fifth. In law, a double tithe,
270
KHA
or twenty per cent. lewied on the owners of lands in which
there are mines of metal : the fifth of booty taken in
war with infidels, and set apart for orphans, the poor, and
|
JKhdm-hhdndn, H. (P. ७93-७५-) Lord of lords, a title
borne by several nobles of the court of IDehli under the
Moghul government.
JKhdmam, H. (P. •'3-) The title of a lady of rank, or of
the wife of a Khān.
KHANA, H. &c. (P. &ं5-), KHANA, Beng. and Mal. (*थेiमi,
खाना) A house, a dwelling, a place.
_Khdnabdrं, corruptly, JKhamabarr्/, H. (P. ४de-, a house,
and Ben. from S. दीर्जी, also a house) A house, with the
grounds and outhouses attached to it ः the dwelling of
a Zamindar, and the ground about it, which was held free
of revenue : exemption of revenue upon certain lands be
longing to a Zamindar as a means of prowiding him with
a suitable residence : a small patch of garden ground
attached to a Ryot's hut, in which he grows vegetables
for his own use, and for which he is usually exempt from
rent by the Zamindar : the house, and ground about it,
of certain classes in some parts of Cuttack, as Paiks, Sttrs,
and Khttshbftsh Ryots, exempt from rent-charge.
JKhdndgi,
{/ H. (, ॰G'3-) Any thing relating to a house or
5
householdः inf Kuch Bahar, the lands managed by the
Raja, or officers appointed by him.
Ahandjangi, H. (_ं- ं5-) Riot, disturbance, affray :
the making of disturbances : a turbulent or guarrelsome
disposition.
JKh({ngi, or khdnagi, H. ( U.G'5-), JKhdnki, Beng. (श्वेiनदी)
A prostitute ; also, household, domestic.
JKhdndhlidrdhi, IBeng. (‘थीनiथीहीदी) Ruin of a household,
or of an individual at the head of a family.
JKhdmashumdrं, H. (from P. ८.9५~*, numbering), Khdne
samm८r{, Mar. (खानेसुमारी), It/tdnisumari, Karn. (3Dवं७९
number of houses in
a village or town, and hence a census of the population is
_
so termed.
JKhamataldshi, H. (from P.U*ं , search) A search warrant.
-Khamastid, H., Khandjdd, IBeng., Mar. (from P. e), born)
Born in the house; f.e. the child of a slave girl or of
any female dependant.
 KHA
Khangi-2amindari, H. (.9'A५-9 _ं4-) The household |
expenses of a Zamindar. In Jessore, an abwab or cess
lewied prior to the perpetual settlement upon the cultivators,
to provide for the support of the Zamindars : it is applied
also to land retained by a Zamindar in his own cultiva
tion as a fund for his household expenses.
KHANCH, Mar. (खचि) A pit, a hole.
KHANCHA, H. ('ं' ं, खांचा) A marsh, a guagmire, muddy
or marshy soil.
KHANCHAR, Mar. (खांचर) A hollow, especially one worn by
the rush of water.
KHANCHARi, Mar. (खांचरी) A rice field : a piece of ground
banked up on all sides So as to retain water.
KHAN, H. (७*ः खनि) KHANI, or KHANf, Beng. (*नि , थनी)
KHAN, or KHANf, Mar. (खाण, खाणी) A mine, a pit or
hole, one in which rice in the husk is kept.
JKhdngat, Mar. (खाणगत) Revenue from mines or guarries.
KHAND, KHUND, H. &c., also written KHAND, (AA4% or
$५%, S. खण्ड)ः it is sometimes written without the aspirate,
as Kandam, Mal. (co6”७७०) A piece, a portion ; a dis
trict, a province, as Bundelkhand. Coarse sugar. In
Marathi, KHANp, corruptly, KUND (खंड), also means
a fine, a cess or fee levied for any licence or privilege ;
also a contribution levied by an enemy, a ransom ; also
an agreement or contract, in which sense it occurs, at
least compounded with other words, in other Dakhini
dialects.
_Khajada patra, Karn (sc०ॐ*०डै) A paper of settlement
or agreement.
JK7andiach{, Mar. (खंडवची) An obligation to give one or
more sheep from a flock sent to graZe on a piece ofland :
the duty levied on a flock of sheep.
K7andbhatti, Mar. (from भट्टी, a still) A tax or excise on
stills.
RThand-daladi, Mar. (from दलदी, a fisherman) A charge
for the privilege of fixing stakes in the waters of Salsette.
_Khand-ddru, Mar. (from दारू, spirituous liguor) A farm or
contract for the sale of spirits.
JKhandjumhegdr{, Mar. (खंडगुन्हेगारी) A general term for
amercements, mulcts, &c., a fine levied on the loser in a
Suit.
Khandhar{, Mar. (खंडकरी) A cultivator who contracts for
a favourable return of produce.
JKhand-maktd, Mar. (खंडमक्ा) A contract, a monopoly :
land leased at a fixed, and usually a fawourable rate.
277
KHA
JKhandmdsali, Mar. (मासळ्ळी, fish) Farm of the fishing at
Salsette.
JKhandnं, Khundnee, Mar. (खंडनी) A fine, a mulct, an
| exaction on any pretext whatever : the revenue of the
year after it is determined ; the current assessment.
JKhandnā-tashr{f Mar. (from P. ५-39*ं) A present by the
head collector or farmer of the revenue to the village or
district officer on determining the assessment : the salary
.of the Patil.
JKhandalik, Mar. (खंडगूक) A contract for work, an engage
ment to perform a certain work for a sum agreed upon ,
or the counter-agreement to receive a certain sum : a
contract, a monopoly, a farm (of revenue, &c.).
JKhand-pharsi, Mar. (खंडफडशी) A fine exacted on behalf
of government.
KHANDA, Uriya ($1२) An inclosed field.
KHANDA, Uriya ($19l) Daily allowance of food.
KHANDA, Beng. (*न्तः) 'The season of harvest, of which three
are reckomed-the harit, or spring, dsu, or autumn, and
paush, or winter.
KHANDA, Uriya (६isll) A sword, especially the national
sword of Orissa.
JKhanddit, also, sometimes, JKhanddra, Uriya (४lg||२६)
The name of a class of military landholders in Orissa,
residing in the hills in hilas, or fortified dwellings, and
holding their lands at a duit-rent, on condition of acting
as a feudal yeomanry or militia, and protecting the low
lands from the incursions of the barbarous mountain tribes
bordering on their estates ः their children, especially the
females, are sometimes sold in childhood, and become
slaves.
JKhandditi, Uriya. The office, jurisdiction, or estate of a
Khandait.
KHANDAGA, Karn. (so०ॐx) A measure of grain, about
three bushels.
KHANDA K, Beng. (S. थन्मादं) A ditch, a moat, a land-mark,
a boundary.
KHANDAN, H. (P. JloGe-) A family.
KHANI)AR, H. (S. 9ं, from S. खण्ड, a piece) The site of
a ruined house, or willage covered with the rubbish.
KHANDi, incorrectly, KUNDEE, Mar. (खंडी, from S. खण्ड) A
measure of weight and capacity, commonly termed Cand/
(from the Tamil spelling kandi, ५. v.)ः its value varies in
different places ः at Bombay it consists of twenty Bombay
maunds, or, for particular Substances, ofonly eight maunds;
4 B
 KHA
at Poona it is oftwemty Pooma maunds,and varies, therefore,
with the weight of the maund ; in Malayalam it is egual
to twenty-eight Titlams, or, corruptly, Telongs, or छै00lb. :
according to Prinsep's tables the Candy of Anjengo is
called छे60lb., that of Bombay also 500lb., and that of
Madras 500lb. : in another statement it is said that in
Malabar the Khandt is edual to छे00lb. for Sea customs, and
480lb. for land customs, while the country rate varies from
600lb. to 720lb. : the latest statements make the Madras
Khandf of 20 maunds छे00lb., the Bombay Khandf of 20
maunds 560lb., the Surat of 20 maumds 746.666lb., and।
the Travancore of 20 maunds 640lb. The number of
maunds varies, however, and with it, of course, the value of
the Khandi.-Note by J. W. Crawford, Esg., Accountant
General, Bombay, I840. In Malabar there is also a
JKhamd; for timber about 2 feet 4 inches sguare; and in
the Maratha country there is a land measure termed, cor
ruptly, Cundy, considered egual to l20 bijhds ; but it
varied formerly from Iछे to 4छे bijhdis, and is also called
20 to 8े: it also means, in Marathi, a score generally.
KHAN piGAR, Beng. Cथ ॐी?ीह, from S. खण्ड, a piece or
chip) A worker in horn or ivory.
KHAN proUTTA, Tel. (o००xं) A fixed rent.
KHANDRIKA, incorrectly, CANDRI KA, Tel. (*o०७ऽं, from
S. खण्ड , a piece) An allotment of priwileged land not ex
ceeding four or five Kattis, or from ā0 to 70 acres ः it
may be either rent-free or Subject to a guit-rent.
KHANDwA, Mar. (खण्डवा) The part of a river bed that is dry
throughout its breadth.
KHANDwADA, Mar. (?) Grain given in reguital of the ser
vices of an ox or buffalo on a person's ground.
KHANr-BHt yrr, Karn. (अुद्धं२ॐण`२9) Bad land (perhaps
from Khini º of a fanam-land of as little worth).
KHANI BHAGoA, Uriya (६||६ीG.|७६||थ|) Labourers in Orissa
paid both in money and in kind.
KHAN.JA, Uriya (ंकुः) Land immediately round a house, an
inclosure, a compound ; assigned as a deduction from the
revenue payment.
KHAN.JU, Thug. A cut purse.
KHANKAH, H. (P. ४७ं७-) A monastery, a place where religious
mendicants of the Mohammadan religion temporarily reside.
KHANKATI, Beng. (*ti१दउि) Abatement, deficiency.
KHANKH, H. (*ं, खंख) Land that reduires to be left
fallow for a year or two.
KHANSAMAN, corruptly, CoNSUM MAir, and CoxsAy MAN,
278
KHA
H. (७५०५~'3-; probably from khmodin, pronounced kkan
७);*, a tray, and samdn, effects) A house-steward or
butler.
KHAP, Mar. (खप) Sale, vent, market, the disposal or going
off of goods.
KHAPAN{, corruptly, KHAMPUTTEE, Mar. (खापणी) Appor
tioning among the householders of a town or willage an
assessment, or any exaction ; the share of each.
KHAPARIvA, H. (५9**, खपरिया) Aheawier plough forstifrsoils.
KitApRA, Beng. (श्श्रद्भl, S. खपेण) A tile.
JKhaprail, Beng. (श्श्रढेद्भन्न) Tiled, a tiled house or
building.
KHAR, KH U R, H, 9*) Grass and trees.
KHAR, H. &c. 9५:ं, S. घट्वाणं), KSHAR, Beng. (कोल्) KHAR,
Mar, (खाग्) KARU,Tel. (शं9) Alkali, alkaline earth,soda,
the lixivium of wood-ashes or the ashes of burnt leaves
themselves ; impure carbonate of potash or Soda : Saline
or brackish soil : ground recovered from the sea.
JKhdrd, or Khari, H. &c. (),५% .3,५*) Saline, alkaline,
brackish.
JKhdrd-pani, incorrectly, Kar6-pamee, H. (G५!9५*) Water
impregmated with soda and alkaline earths.
JKhdraं, Mar. (खारट) Ground recovered from the sea.
JKhdri-sho?’, H. 9*.9५*) Wery brackish and saline (as
water).
JKhdri-2amin, or, vernacularly, JKhdrd-jamim, H. &c.
(७*४] ५*9५*) Saline soil : land impregnated with alkaline
salts.
/kdrubhttm.i, Tel. ( ऽां७ॐo-५२७) Brackish, a Saline soil.
JKhdri-nimahor -nin, H. (from P.७-५Gor H. J*, S. लवणं,
salt) A factitious kind of salt : a kind of sulphate of soda
used in medicine and for the adulteration of common salt :
in Orissa it is applied to the hard Saline Settlement at the
bottom of the salt-pans. .
JKhdri-matti or mitti। (G- ५*9' ँ), JKshdram?’ittihd, S. and
Beng. (छ्ारमृत्विका) Brackish or Saline soil, a soil impreg
nated with alkaline Salts, as potash or nitre, and therefore
unfit for cultivation. (This word is not to be confounded
with Wharimitti, ५. v.),
Khdrik, or Khdr-khdadd, Mar. (खारीकं, खारखण्डा, the
latter used contemptuously) A class, or an individual of
it, employed in cultivating Salt-marshes or Saline soils.
Khdrrod-ndti, Hindi (खाग्वामाटी) Alkaline soil.
KHARA, Karn. (S. 3Cँ, खग्) The twenty-fifth year of the
cycle.
 KHA
KHARA, Mar. (खडा) A pebble, a module oflimestone, a lump
of Sugar.
KHARAK,Thug. Noise made by the pickaxe in digging agrave.
KHARHAK, H. (4-५*, खरहक) A portion of grain given at
the end of the harvest to the willage servants.
KHARI, KHUREE,also KHArf, KHATIKA, H. &c.(_94% थजि,
S. खटिका) Chalk: white clay usedfor plastering ; also a kind
of clay found in some parts of Bengal, and used in pottery ;
also, in Bengal, a coarse kind of grass used for thatching.
Kharimatt; or -mitti, Khureemuttee or -mittee, H. &c.
( .. ५-9*? Chalk, also a sort of porcelain clay. (This
differs from Khdrimitt? as above, in being written with
the short a and the hard d or ?’, instead of a long a and
a soft r).
KHARA, Beng. (र्थiजi, from the H. ]*), also KHARA (॰tiद्भवl)
Erect ; also, fig., honest, upright ; payable on demand.
JKhdr4-hundi, IBeng. (‘थीजोहूं) A bill of exchange pay
able at sight.
Th4r4-jama, Beng. (थ्रजिञ्जिभi) The entire rent or as
SeSSment.
JKhartt-utdr, GuZ. (५st६८tt२) Payable at sight-a
bill, &c.
KHARAB, H. (A. ५-',*-) Bad, wicked, worthless, Spoiled :
bad, as land unfit for cultivation.
JKhardba, H. (५)5-) Ruin, desolation : waste land, un
productive (as land).
Fº7ardbdhncdil, H. (J}-५],*-) Ruined, wretched, either
person or place.
KHARADf, H. (A. .se)*-) A turner, a carpenter.
KHARARA, Uriya (१162al) Receipt, acduittance, receipt given
to cultivators for rent.
A7arard pani, Uriya (१16.०॥६ईi) Fee for writing a receipt.
_K7a८rara patra, Uriya (from S. पच, a leaf) A written
receipt.
NHARCH, KHURCH, or KHARCHA, or, more correctly, KHAit.J,
KHURJ, of which it is the Hindustani modification, cor
ruptly, KHIRCH, KURTCH, KHURCHEE (लि)** A• F*-;
pl. 7khrājat; from Kharaja, went forth) : it occurs in most
dialects in the first form ; as, KHARACH, Beng. (stक्रप्),
KHARCHA, Mar. (खचै), KHARCHU, Tel. (3bंOFT) Ex
pense, disbursement, out-goings : the authorised expenses
incurred by a village or district, and set off against the
revenue receipts, or a cess levied upon the cultivators to
Provide for expenses; the debit side of an account, the
account of the disbursements or outgoings.
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KEHA
_Kharcha-hisdb, Beng. (P. ५--*५.~, an account) A village
annual account kept in Bengal, shewing the amount of the
rent due on each Ryot's land in cultivation, the amount
paid, and the balance outstanding.
JKharch-amgarjd, Tel. (e93g) An abstract account of the
disbursements of a district, or of the deductions from the
collections.
JKharch-i-gdon, corruptly, JKhirch-/ram, and, more usually
and correctly, Grdm-kharch, H. (७: ंहःA-) Village ex
penses, charges lewied by the headmen or public officers
to provide for the expenses incurred by the officers or ser
wants of the willage community.
JKharch-ā-khairdd, H. (५-',ं-त्,*-) A charge or allow
ance for charitable gifts or endowments.
JKharch-ā-mufassil, H. (O-*०ल्’A-) Provincial charges,
expenses of collection and other authorised items of expen
diture.deducted from the gross revenue of a province. An
extra cess levied in Jessore for provincial expenses prior
to the permanent settlement.
JKharch-i-ndmkdr, H. 9Gºत्तः A-) Allowance or deduction
from the revenue of an estate, as the subsistence money of
the Zamindar.
Kharch-patti, Mar. (खचैपट्टी) A tax for defraying occasional
public charges: extra expenses in a district, as for roads,
bridges, &c. ः the recognised dues of the village officers
and servants.
JKharch-i-pardama, H. (ंत्तःA-) Charges incurred in the
management and rewenue-collections of a Pargana or
district.
JKharch-i-sadr, H. 9A“FःA-) Charges on account of the
establishment of the principal local authorities.
JKharchasilak, Mar. (खचैशिलकः, A. ७4-A.) Balance after
expenditure, money in hand.
JKharcha-cechcha, Karn. (*oं9FT5 ं) Expenditure, dis
bursement.
Kad-kharch, H. (P. A:, bad) Cesses of an oppressive
nature, and in excess of the stipulated rents exacted on
various pretexts from the cultiwators by the Zamindars.
Puramiya.
KIIAi:EBAND, (खंडेबंद) A day-book, a journal, an account
drawn out on a loose piece of paper.
KHARJ, H. (A. ह)*, from kharaja श्ट्;*-" went forth) Trt
bute, tax, revenue.
KIIARAJ, or, more commonly, and edually correctly, KHIRAJ,
corruptly, KIIERAJ, H. (A. श्-)*) Tax, tribute ; ap
 KHA
plied originally in an especial manner to the tribute
levied by Mohammadans upon infidels after conguest, but
latterly to the rewenue raised from the land, in which sense
it is still employed, importing the amount claimed by the
state as its rent or Share of the profits of land in cultivation :
hence La-khirdj (g. v.) designates lands which are exempted
from any Such payment.
Khardji, or Khirdji, H. (--'*) Taxable, Subject to tri
bute or taxation.
JKhirdji-Bhimi, Tel. (seण`aंग`२9) Land paying re
venue to government.
JKharaj or Khirdj-Gu2dr, H. (from P. ु!*, who passes or
pays over) A payer of revenue to government, whether on
his own account or as the representative of others.
JKhirdji-2amin, H. (P. ७*9). Land paying revenue.
JKhirdj-muica2ंaf H. (A. ५-*8;०, fixed) Revenue of which
the amount is fixed at a certain rate for a Specific guan
tity of land.
Khiraj-mukdisima, H. (A. *~~'-०॥ divided) Revenue col
lected at a certain rate upon the produce ofland, and wary
ing, therefore, with its Guantity and value.
KHARERI, Thug. The small owl.
KHARENJA, Thug. A rawine or water-course.
KHARIJ, H. &c. (A. हं?७-, from kharaja FA-), KIIERfJ,
Mar. (खेरीज) Excluded or separated from, extraneous to,
external, additional.
JKhairijala, Tel. (39ग्`०83*99 ) Fees deducted from the
gross produce of village lands.
Khdrij-ddhhil, also, Dakhil-khdrij, g. w. (U5-'ee95-) Ex
cluding and including, applied to the transfer of property,
especially to lands transferred from one name to another
in the collector’s books.
R7adriji, or Khdrji, H. (A. Jºf9५-) A person who sepa
rates himself from a community or a religious faith,a seceder,
a schismatic, a rebel. A member of a Mohammadan sect
which excludes Alli from the number of Khalifs.
Khdrij-jamd, corruptly, JKharege:jumma, H. (A. e*-,
collection) Separated or detached from the rental of the
state, as lands exempt from rent, or of which the revenue
has been assigned to individuals or institutions.
Kherijjama, Mar. (बेरीजजमा) Extra collections, miscel
laneous items of revenue.
Kherij-maktd, Mar. (खेरीजमन्ता) Lands let out by go
vernment direct, without the intervention of any one between
it and the cultivators.
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KHA
JKhdrij-mulk, Uriya (A. ५--A०, a kingdom) Transporta
tion, banishment.
JKherij-maisdhird, Mar. (खेरीजमूशाहिरा) Contingent charges,
extras, presents, occasional allowances.
JKhdrij-ndma, H. (from P. 4-८७, a document) A deed of
separation or division, a deed for the partition of a joint
estate, or for the separation of an indiwidual Share, or for
making a dependent talul separate and independent, also,
simply a deed of transfer.
Khdrija-talah, H. (from ५--' ं) Separation of a portion or
dependency of an estate, or of a Pargana, from the general
assessment, and the payment of the revenue due from it
direct to the gowernment.
KHARpA, or KHARpEx, or commonly, KHURD, Mar. (खरडा,
खरोडं) A rough note or memorandum, a draft, a scrawl,
a waste-book. Maratha shopkeepers and bankers usually
keep two such accounts; one the Kachcha-khard, or rough
day-book ; the other the Paka-khard, or cash-book in
which the entries of the former are copied fair.
KHARf, Mar. (खरी) A patch of earth on a rocky substratum
but cultivable for rice.
KHARf, Beng. Mar. &c. (S. खारी) A measure of grain egual
to sixteen dromas, or about three bushels.
JKhdrikam, Mal. (6-9()ce,०) A field that reguires, or that
is sown with, a khdrā of seed.
KHARi D, H. (P. A५A-) Bought, also the thing bought, buying.
kharida, corruptly, Khereeda, (P. ४.५A-) Bought, pur
chased. In Cuttack, the designation of a kind of tenure
created by the district officers who sold small parcels of
land which were ostensibly waste, and excluded from the
rent-roll, or reported as exempt from revenue : where the
purchase was without suspicion of fraud the purchasers
were allowed to retain the Kharida lands at a guit-rent ः
it is also termed Milk-kharidagi, ownership or lordship
by purchase.
JKhar{d-ddr, abridged vernacularly to JKhariddr, H, &c.
9l.५,*-) A purchaser, a holder by purchase ः in Cuttack,
the proprietor of purchased estates.
Kharida-mud/ं, H. (A. .*७-०, exempt) Lands in Cuttack
claiming exemption from rewenue as having been bought
under that condition.
kharid:farollit, A. (P. Jं5-9,9, to sell) Buying and selling.
-kharida corruptly, JKhereed/, (.se:A-) Purchasing, or
relating to purchasing.
KHARf P, KHUREEP, written vernacularly KHARIP, and
 KHA
KHARIPH, corruptly, KHEREEF, H. &c. (A. ५-3a५,*) The
Season of autumn ; the autumnal harvest ; the crops which
are sown before the commencement of the rains, or in
April-May, and reaped after their close, October-November,
KHARIPATf, Gu2. (v५:{\५४l) A tax collected to reliewe a
willage from debt.
KHARiTA, KHUREETU, sometimes, vernacularly, KHALfTA,
H. &c. (A. Alex9*) A bag', a purse, the envelope of a
letter, especially the ornamental or Silk covering of a letter
addressed to, or by, a native of rank ः hence, the letter
itself, particularly one passing between a native prince and
the gowernor-general.
KHARKANf wA, Thug. Crossing of the road by a hare in
front of the party, a bad omen.
KHARKHA, Thug. An ass.
KHARPAR, Mar. (खरपड) A bad year, a time of distress from
failure of the crops.
KHARRAT, H. (A. 'el75-) A turmer’s lathe, a turner (also
KHARRATI.
KHARTAI, or KHARTAL, Thug. Any bad omen. IDakh. Th.
tivators.Uriya (६||g) Division of bullocks among cul
KHARU, ५
KHARU, Thug. A gang of Thugs.
KHARUA, or KHARwA, corruptly, KU RwA, H. (l99५*) A ment of the Raja.
coarse kind of cotton cloth dyed red, and used in warious
ways, especially to wrap up books, parcels, &c.
KHARvATA, S. &c. (खर्श्वेत) A country or market-town.
KHARwAR, H. (P. 9'AA-) A measure, said to be about
700lb., lit. an ass load ः in Sindh it is called 8छे0lb.
KHARwi, Mar. (खारवी) A caste employed in tiling houses,
making plantations, &c.
KHAs,KHUS,or KHASKHAs, KHUSKHUs, H.(PU~*, U~“*)
A fragrant grass (Andropogon muricatum) with the roots
of which, interwowen with wicker-work, door and window
screens are made that are kept wet, and serve to cool the
air as it passes through them into the room.
KHAs, corruptly, KAs, KHAss, Coss, H. &c. (A. C०5-)
Select, eminent, noble ; also private, peculiar : under the
Moghul government it was applied to the chief officers of
the state and the nobles of the court : as a rewenue term it
is applied to the management of estates and the collection
of the revenue by the officers of the government, without
any intermediate person between them and the cultivators,
also to lands held by Zamindars and cultivated by them
selves for their own benefit.
281
KHA
Khds-4pil, from the English, Appeal, Uriya (६||glष्ट्॥६२)
A special appeal.
JKhds-djir, H. (A. )*-l००*-) Private or domestic servants,
whether Slaves or hired.
Khasd, pl. Khasalu, Tel. (ंग्”०G`", अुग्”ऽ"`eo) Own,
private, applied especially, in some parts of the Northern
Cirkars, to domestic Servants or hereditary slaves.
JKhdsdrambha-bhttmi, Karn. (ASठत्येढ6०ॐंo-७२७) ILands
cultivated by Zamindars through their own domestic slaves.
JKh4s-bandi, Mar. (खासबंदी) Distribution of the lands of
a willage, without regard to contiguity, amongst certain
families, and the assessment of each estate in the lump,
without reference to measurement or rating.
JKhas-bijhd, Mar. (खासबीघा) The measure of land
both as to guantity and guality, by which the rental of
the estate of an occupant in a Khds-bamdā willage is
estimated.
JKh48-barddr, H. 9'e9-&~'5-) An attendant carrying the
arms of his lord : one armed with a firelock.
_Khas-bal, Mar. (खासबाल) A mixed soil of sand and clay,
yielding good crops if manured.
JKhds-batami, Mar.(खास बTतमी)Authentic or official accounts.
JKhds-bo, H. (from 9}ं, to sow) Land under the manage
Kuch Bahar.
JKh48-cheld, H. (from "A-) The chief disciple and destined
Successor of the Mahant or head of a religious establish
ment of ascetics or mendicants.
JKhds-ddr, Mar. (खासदारं) A groom, a horsekeeper : some
times corrupted to Kd2ddr.
JKh487ं, Mar. (खासगी) One's own private or personal pro- -
perty, in contradistinction to the rewenues or concerns of
the state ; own, personal, peculiar.
JKh6801-paihd, Mar. (from पेका, money) One's own or pri
vate cash.
JKhdsjā-hdrhain, Mar. (from कारकून) A priwate or confi
dential agent, clerk, or manager.
JKh6.५/incal4, Mar. (खासगीवाला) A title usually given
to the confidential minister of the Peshwaं or other Ma
ratha prince, who was especially intrusted with the manage
ment of their private receipts and disbursements, or other
personal interests.
JKhds-hdl, H. (from A. J-, condition) A kind of rent-free
tenure : in Sylhet, the lands cultivated by the Zamindar
himself, and for his own maintenance.
JKhd8-mahal, H. (A. d)s-॰) The female apartments.
4 C
 KHA
Khi:-mahal, H. (A. plur. of u)=*) IDistricts held in the ।
management of the gowernment.
Khai8-nacis, H. (P. U~५;) A private secretary, a clerk or
accountant of the government.
JKhdi8-ma c{sं, H. (P. Jं“ं) Relating to government ac
countants : an abicttb, or tax, formerly levied in Bengal
from the Zamindars for the expense of the government
officers of account employed in registering the annual
revenue settlements.
JKhds-0-14m, H. (A. •e:Cel5-) High and low, noble and
vulgar ; i.e. all classes of persons.
Khdspatah, Mar, (खासपतक) One's own private troop of KirAsTABAkr, Beng. (थiडीदiदिं, P. * ~';5-,
horse.
JKhds-sdducali, Karn. (*प्रव्ॐत्येवxCॐ१९) Cultivation of ।
lands by the government for its own benefit, or by a Za- ।
mindar on his own account.
Khdismrd?’i, Karn. (3ऽव्त्येव्.ऽe)
A stud or troop of horses:
but it is no doubt the same word as JKhat8-samcdr{, H.
(-9';~c~'3-) said to be a respectful phrase for a person
of rauk, eduivalent to your lordship ; also a circuit made
by a commanding officer: and as Khdstisrcdri, Mar. (खासा
खारी), the eguipage or train of a Raja.
Khi8-talsil, H. (A. UA~~～ ००5-) Collection ofthe revenue
direct from the cultivators by the gowernment, without the
intervention of a Zamindar or farmer of the revenue.
Khds-talu!ं, H. (A. G' ं c~'5-) A ttilu", or certain district
under the immediate management of the state : the Nawabs
of Bengal formerly selected such tracts, and occupied them
for their own benefit ; but the term is now applied to
estates which, in conseduence of the default of the occu
pant, or his death without heirs, are kept in the hands of
the state and managed by the government officers.
_khds 2amin, or, vernacularly.jamin, H. (JAc०; ००5-) Land
of which the collection is made by the government officers
immediately from the cultivators.
KHASARA, or KHAsARAT, or KHISARAT, H. (A9~*, ५-9'~*-)
Damage, injury, loss, fraud: the plea of a suit for damages : ! conveyance.
loss on a repeated sale, difference in diminution between the KHAT, H. Mar.
result of a first and second sale.
KHAsIA, H. (?) The designation of the people of the hill
provinces.-Garhwal.
KHASRA, KHUsRA, H. ()~' ं, खसरा) Aday-book, a journal,
a field book, especially a written record of the particulars
of a rough map or plan of a village, which is called a
Shajra, in which the fields are numbered, and their numbers
282
KHA
are registered in the field-book, or Khasrd, corresponding :
in this also is registered the name of the proprietor and
of the cultivator of each field, whether the same or dif
ferent, the name of each field, its length and breadth in
garhds, and its area in bi/lºds and bisrcds, the ५uality of
the soil, the crop growing upon it, and any remarks that
it may be thought advisable to add.
Khasrd-bah{, H. (from ust; ; ft book) A field-book, a book
in which the hhasrd tables or lists are entered.
Khasr6-paimdish, H. (P. U**५**५, measurement) The re
gister or statement of a land survey or measurement.
what is
reguired, and A• U*५, remainder) IBalance of revenue left
due after a portion has been realised by the sale of the
defaulter’s estate.
Khdistd-nildim, Beng. (from नीलीभ, sale) Balance or deficit
left by a sale by auction, the proceeds of which are not
edual to the demands agंinst the property sold.
KHATT, or KHUTT, H. (A. ka5-), KHAT, Ku UT, Mar. (रवत)
A letter, a writing, an entry in a book, a written docu
ment, as a mote of hand, a deed of mortgage, &c.
Khel-khag, H. (ka*- ५-4ं) A deed of sale or mortgage
for a field, or a portion of a coparcenary estate, conveying
। the land alone, without the privileges attached to it.
Khant-liha:, (as-c“~~५*) A deed by which the rights of a
coparcener in a willage or estate are conveyed to another
person as well as the land.
Karjkhat, Mar. (कजेखत) A note of obligation, or promisc
to pay.
Gahain hhat, Mar. (गहाणखत) A note of assurance that a
pledge will be redeemed.
Gharemdii-khat, GuZ. (ध२.Utt३
`*t०t) A mortgage deed.
Fairijh-khat, ५. v. A deed of acduittance.
Pharokht khat, Mar. (फरोक्तः खत, from P. ५-4-9*) A deed
of sale.
echdja khat, GuZ. (अ ५uutv{०t) A bill of sale, a decd of
(५-५*, खात) Manure, filth so applied : in H.,
also, Khdd and Khdo (e५*, *५*),
JKhditdr, Mar. (खाताड) The spot outside a willage where
the filth is thrown.
JKhdt-bikr?, Mar. (खातंबिकरी) Sale of manure on govern
ment account.
। Khdtrcar, Mar. (खातवड) Well manured, rich, as a field
। or soil.
 KHA
KHAT, Thug. A bribe. IDakh. Thug.
KHATA, H. (G५४), Beng. (थiउi), KHATEN, Mar. (खतिं),
KHATU, GuZ. (vtuदुः) An account-book, a day-book, a
journal or ledger, also an account ; account current-one
kept with an individual, or of a particular concern with
respect to the receipts and outlay upon it; an account of
real or personal property ; also, the paper or book in
which such accounts are kept.
JKhdite-b4k?, Mar. (खातेबाकी) The balance for or against
a tradesman's books.
Khata-bahi, H. (Uं ७५%), Khatecahi, Mar. (खातेवही) An
account-book, a तेay-book, or one framed from the day
book, a ledger.
Khatteddr, Mar. ( खातदाग्) A mercantile correspondent,
one with whom an account is opened.
Khatdrcdri, IBeng. (थउिोदiहि) Entries in a ledger.
JKhditdpotd, GuZ. (vtuctuभंuctu) Commercial dealings,
buying and selling.
KHATA, GuZ. (vtu०1u) The holding of a Ryot or cultivator.
Khata bandi,Gu2. (vtu०tuvt* दृt) Assessment ofeach Ryot's
holdings ; a Ryotwar assessment.
KHATA, KHUTA, H. (A. 'es-) Pault, offence, crime.
KHATA, Tel. (अुगंग) Large scales for weighing grain in
sacks.
KHATAi, Thug. Information of or hostility to, a gang, or
of some of its members, owing to a guarrel.
JKhatiai, Thug. Information against a gang.
_Khatomca, Thug. A Thug informing against his con
federates.
KHATAKA, Beng. (*्रउिदग्) A borrower, a debtor. | of his payments.
_K/dtalk{, Beng. (थiज्ठदी) Relating to a loan, a promissory ।
note or boud.
KHATA KA, or KHATA Ki, Mar. (खाटक, खाटकी) A caste, or
an individual of it, who is by avocation a butcher.
KHATAN, or KHATANI, Beng. (थ्रघ्न, थ्रीप्रेनि) Labouring, |
working for hire.
JKhdtanं, Beng. (खाटनी) Wages or hire of labour, pay of
a workman or labourer.
Khditani/d, Beng. (थछेिनीपl) A workman, a labourer.
KHATA JNi, KHUTAONEP, corruptly, KHUTEONEE, KHUT
TEONI, KUTTowNEE, KIIATIOwNEE, KUTTEEANEE, KI :- ।
TAM UNNEE, CUTEEAN, or CUTTEAN, H. (.39ं), KIIA
TAwANf, which may be pronounced KHATA0NI, Mar.
(खतावणी), KHATryAN, KHATryANI, Beng. (*थउिपांन्ा, KHATN, H. (A. …,ं5-) The husband ofa man's female relations
भउिषीनि), KATAvANI, or KATAoxi, Tam. (Gंठrr6-6ठी) with whom his own intermarriage is interdicted.
98:}
KHA
A ledger, an account-book, one in which are entered, under
distinct and appropriate heads, the Several items first entered
in a day-book or field-book : although differently explained
by different authorities, and occasionally modified as to its
application, the term always denotes accounts of the nature
of the ledger : thus it is said the Maratha Sahukār’s hhat6
?cami is made up from his kharda, or day-book, in the order
of the names of his constituents: in the government financial
accounts it was a statement of all expenses and disburse
ments, arranged alphabetically under their several heads :
in Gu2. it is said to mean the act of posting items from
the day and cash-books into the ledger : in Bengal, the
khati/din was an abstract of the cluitds kept by the village
accountant, shewing the whole extent of land held by each
cultivator, the nature of the tenure or cultivation, as /k/ {{d
kdsht, &c., and the species of cultivation. In the north
western provinces the khatdoni, or, as there also denomi
nated, the muntakkab, is an account made up from the
khasrd, in which the fields belonging to each thoh, patt{,
and individual are brought together, and then the name
of the occupant, the mumber of each field, its extent,
with deductions for waste or the like, the rate of assess
ment per bijhd, the total rent, and the manner of its pay
ment, are recorded.
Asdmā-ndr-lahati/%n, Beng. (यीशोीदiक्थउिपांन) An ac
count kept with each individual Asamt or cultivator,
made up from the khasrd or field-book, specifying the
fields held by him, the extent of his lands, waste or cul
| tivated, the amount of his assessment, and the particulars
JKhdtdbamal{, H. (.seं७५*) The same as the preceding :
। an abstract account or ledger.
Jinsmodr-khati/dn, Beng. (A. U~*-- species) An abstract
account of the different crops cultivated in a village or an
estate, their highest and lowest culture, and the average
produce of each kind per hāh4.
| KHAT B, H. (A. ५--Je*-) Marrying, betrothing, contracting
। a marriage. _
| KIIATI, Mar. (?) A blacksmith : in Nagpur, the village black
smith : in Hindustfin, a wheelwright.
KHATIRi, H. (?) A crop raised in the sand on the banks
of a river by force of manure or hand watering : a
nominal rent only is paid for Such sowings. Agra.
 KHA
KHATN, KHATNA, KHATNAT, H. (A. Jं-, ं5-, ५-्5-) | KHED, or KHER, Gu८. (UR९) Ploughing, tillage.
Circumcision.
KHATPAURA, H. (U*, खटपीरा) A kind of rake worked
by two men for breaking up the soil into small beds.
KHATRf,corruptly, KHATRy, KHETREE,KHETERw, H.(C;**ः
S. kshatriya घंचिय) The man of the second pure tribe,
the soldier and the sovereign caste. Mar. (खची) A caste,
or individual of it, who is a silk-weaver.
KHATUA, Uriya ($हूच।) Chief cattle-driver.
KHAUR, Thug- An army.
KHAwAs, H. (A. ००';*, properly, I'lur. of c~'5-) Nobles,
grandees : attendants, personal servants, usually the
favourite or confidential attendant on a person of rank ः
a boy or female Servant : in the west of India the children
of a female slave belonging to a Chāran or Rajput, the
property of the owner of the slave, but treated as a member
of the family ; the word, written Chiaus, is the origin of
the English word Chouse. In Puraniya the term is applied
to slaves in general, whether domestic or agricultural, but
। the hharrds is usually originally a free person who has
become a voluntary slave for protection and support, and,
in some cases, has a grant of land from the Zamindar for
his subsistence : another kind of khamuds is more of a
client or retainer of some wealthy person than a slave,
although nominally such.
KHAwIND, or KHAwAND, H. (P. AG95-), vernacularly, KHA
MIND, Uriya, KHAMAND, Tel. A lord, a master.
KHAZANA, KIIUZANU, corruptly, CAJANA, or, more correctly,
though less commonly, KHIZANA, H. (P. &ं];*), Vernacu
larly, KHAJANA, as Beng. (*श्रीमi), also KHAJfNA, Mar.
(खजानां, खजीना), Tel. (अ98छतः”त्ऽ`) A treasury, the public
treasury : treasure, money: the public revenue, the land-tax.
JKhasdnch{, or Khusanchee, or, vernacularly, Khajainchi,
corruptly, JKhdjomchi, H. &c. (.*]*) A treasurer, a
cash-keeper.
KHEDA, corruptly, KEDDAH and KEH DAH, H. (lo५*) An
inclosure in which wild elephants are caughtः (it is derived
from tio५५% to chase, but is probably a word of Bengali
or Sanscrit origin, from Beng. ८थलि', to chase cattle,
S. आाखेट, hunting)
Kheda-f-५fiyal, (A. U५G), plur of fil U५#, an elephant)
Expenses incurred in catching wild elephants, for which,
under the Mohammadan gowernment, a tax was lewied
upon certain districts in Bengal and Sylhet : the cess or
abwfib So lewied
284
KHE
| JKheddm, GuZ. (vtsuut) Land under tillage.
Khedut, Gu2. (Gaॐt) A cultivator, an agriculturist.
KHEDE, Mar. (खेडे, S. खेटक) A small, and chiefly agricultural
willage.
KHEMKU5AL, H. (O~****, from S. छेम, and कुशल) Welfare,
prospering, both in personal health and worldly affairs.
KHEP, H. (C+~*ः S. क्षेप) A trip (in a boat or vessel) a
cargo : a cracked or adulterated coin. _
KHEPfA, GuZ. (UR५l२५ u) A courier, a messenger, a letter
carrier, an intelligencer, a spy.
KHE:A, H. 0**) A village, See KHEDE (it is the same
word)ः in Bundelkhand it is the land immediately adjacent
to a willage.
KHEsARi, IBeng. (८थजीी) A sort of pulse much cultivated
for food (ILathyrus sativus).
KHET, H. &c. (--~५% खेत, S. क्षेच) A field, a tract of land
especially fit for cultivation ; a cultivated field: an agri
cultural division of land, in Bengal, formerly considered
as egual to 00 b16/luds.
Khet-bant, H. (G-d५ ५4-५4%), vernacularly corrupted, in
Hindi, to Khat or Khet-bat, (G-५ ५-*) Allotmentof the
lands of a coparcenary willage, field by field, among the
sharers, but in such a manner that they shall not be con
tiguous, or of the same guality, but so divided that each
may have a due proportion of good and bad land : the
term, however, has other explanations, and most correctly
implies the mode in which a Mau2a, is divided into two
or more mahāls or estates ; and it is commonly applied to
denote the intermixture of the lands of diferent willages,
which, although known as belonging to one willage, are
found lying amongst those belonging to another : in one
or two instances the lands of the same mahal or estate
are entirely scattered amongst those of others.
Khet-chitthd, H. (५*- ५-*) Rough field-book, or notes
of the fields of a tract surveyed. {
JKhet-ddj', H. (P. 9le, who has) The occupant or owner of
a field. *
'ं
Khet-khatt, H. (a*-५--~ं) Mortgage'of a field : see e-.
JKheti, H. &c. (L**) Relating to a field; a husbandman,
a cultivator : cultivation, agriculture.
Khctibdri, H. (-9५.**) Agriculture, tillage.
JKhetihar, H. 9*.**) A cultiwator.
Khetāpatdrं, Hindi (खेतीपताग्री) Agricultural labour, field
work.
 KHE
Whet.jhapti, Mar. (खेतझडती) Annual account of the fields
of a village to be kept by the Kulkarni.
Khetrcdr, H. 9';***) By fields ; the assessment that is
made upon each separate field according to its capability
of yielding produce, and the description of the latter grown
in it.
Kheticdr.janadbandं, H. (A. H. ८.sA५**५-, ५. v.) Amount
of the rewenue assessed upon each field.
KHEwA, or KHEwAf, H. (';**, ५.s'**) Fare, ferry or
passage money.
Khercat, Khercatid, H. (G-**ः ५ऽं;**, खेवट) A ferry-man,
a boat-man, a rower; also, Khemrah, H. (c2}}ं).
KHEwAT, (?)H. A contribution sometimes levied by the former
government of Bengal on rent-free lands, when the lands
assessed were unable to pay the amount, in order to com
pensate for any deficit in the revenue : a contribution
among the coparceners of a village to the village expenses:
in the north-west provinces, the record or register of the
shares in which a coparcemary willage is distributed : as
sessment with the Ryots according to their Shares.-Ajmfr.
Kherrat-ndma, H. (P. &०५) A document or statement of
liabilities.
KHIANAT, also written KHIvANAT, (A. ५-4५*) Perfidy,
treachery, embeZZlement: in law, breach of trust, wiolation
of an engagement.
Khain, H. (J**) A traitor : one who violates an engage
ment, or is culpable of a breach of trust.
KitiAR, H. U५~ ? A., see the next word) Second sort of
land of two species : first and second, in a classification
of the lands of IDinajpur.
KHIAR, A. 9'25-) Option, selection : in Mohammadan law
an optional completion or dissolution of an agreement of
sale under warious circumstances.
JKhidr-al-labil, (J}G, consent) Option of refusing to
accept the terms offered before the parties separate.
JKhidr-ul-ndjlis, (U~***, an assembly) Option of retract
ing an assent before the parties separate.
Khidr-ul-ru/at, (५-५x)) Option ofinspection,the right ofa
purchaser to reject what he has bought without seeing it.
JKhi4?’-ul-6ib, (५-५=, fault) Option of rejecting an article
bought if any defect is discovered in it.
JKhidr-us-shar!, (E*, an agreement) Option of either party
to ammul the sale within three days, Or a longer period, if
agreed upon mutually. _
JKhidr-ut-tdyān, (७***) Option of the purchaser of ome
285
KHI
of seweral similar articles to make his own Selection :
other circumstances are enumerated by which sales may
be optionally annulled.
KHICH :िf, H. (ंह*) Beng. (थिष्त्रजि), KICHCH I pr, Karn.
(ं०) An Indian dish of rice boiled with split pulse
amd spices ; hence, fig., any common mixture, a confusion,
hotch-potch.
JKichchidi-bdich?di, Karn. (ं०ंश०ं#०) Turmoil, confu
sion, disorder.
KHIDMAT, H. (A. ७…~०cG-) Service, office.
Khidmat//dr, or Khidmat-ddr, (from H. )७, or P. )'e), in
correctly, Kidmutjar, Kismut//ar, and Kitmut//ar, H.
A servant, a table-servant, a personal attendant : in the
Northern Cirkars usually a slave.
Khdidim, H. (A. ,e७-) A servant, an attendant, one who
is employed in the care of a shrine or mos५ue.
JK7addin-i-dargdh, H. (s9e pes-)
An attendant on a Mo
hammadan tomb or mosgue.
Khidmat-i-taluhdairi or caminddr?, H. The service or
office of a Talukdār or Zamindar.
KHIL, or KHit, Beng. (S. थिल, श्रीन), Mal. (6-me–!)
Waste or uncultivated land, though capable of being
brought into cultivation.
Khil-jam/i, IBeng. (fथलञ्जभl) Assessment of waste Jands
newly brought into cultivation.
Khil.jamin, IBeng. (धिनञ्जीन) Land lying fallow or un
cultivated.
Khil-patit, Beng. (from S. पतित , fallen) Land excluded from
the rent-roll in conse(Juence oflying waste.
KHi I, H. (U.५%) Parched grain.
KHILAF--SHARA, H. (A. 89* ५-395-) Contrary to the law,
illegal.
KH II.AT, corruptly, KHELAUT, or KILLAUT, H. (A. cº--45-)
A dress of honour ; any article of costume prosented by
the ruling or Superior authority to an inferior as a mark
of distinction : a complete Khilat may include arms, or
a horse, or an elephant : in general it is some part of a
native dress.
_
JKhilat-lialid, H. (from P. ५:, price) A cess, or abwab, levied
by the Mohammadan government to defray tlle cost of
honorary dresses presented at court.
KIIII.wAT, or KIIALwAT, H.(A. ५-95-) Privacy, retirement.
JKhilmoat-lahdna, or Khilirat-gdh, H. (from P. ४Gl5-, a
chamber, or ४७, a place) A private apartment, the women's
apartments.
4 D
 KEHI
JKhilicat-nashin, H. (P. ७*** , who sits) A recluse, a her
mit: a woman of rank ; one who does not appear in public.
JKhilirat-sahth, H. (A. 2-४ v“-93-) Correct or lawful pri
vacy ; the retirement and cohabitation of husband and
wife without natural or artificial impediment, constituting
the validity of the marriage, and giving to the woman a
full claim to her dower.
KHINp, Mar. (fखर्ड) A narrow path between two hills.
KHivr, or KHEPNI, (?) H. Personal attendance by culti
vators holding of a superior upon the chiefin journeys.
KHIRMAN, H. (P. ७०*) A stack of corn, a granary, a barn.
KHIRUDU, Tel. (श्9Coco) Ground in cultivation.
KHISTI, Karn. (ं9&o.) Tribute ; probably a vernacular form
of KIST, d. v.
KHITAB, H. (A. ५-'ae-) A title.
KHo, or KHoA, corruptly, KoAR, Beng. (८stl, ८थiञ्पl) Coarse
brick-dust or pounded bricks used in making roads, roof
ing houses, &c.
KHOBBA, Thug. Flesh meat ः peculiar to Dakhini Thugs.
KHojA, Mar. (खोडा) Stocks for criminals.
KHoDAs, Gu2. (ºtt९uu0 Ground flooded or undermined by
water.
KHODDA, Thug. An old man.
KHODELI, Thug. An eight ana piece.
KHODI, H. (.se*) IDigging, culture of land : ceremonies
involwing bodily labour, unremunerated except by food ;
Kamaon.
KHopwA, Mar. (खोडवा) Second crop of sugar-cane; cane
sprouting from the stem of the first crop, also the latter
left to bear shoots.
KHoi, H. (.39*) Dry part of the sugar-cane after expressing
the juice. _
KHoJA, H.(**), KHouA,Mar.(खोजा)KHoro,Gu2.(Utt०7a)
A eunuch ; corruption of Klurudja, ५. w. In Gu2. a tribe
of Indian Mohammadans.
K HOKHA, H. (५%*), KHoं, or KHokHA, Mar. (खोका,
खोखा), KokHUs, Gu2. (“tt५*) A bill of exchange that
has been paid and remains in the hands of the payer as a
woucher.
KHOLAD'HAR, Gu2. (vtu&tua२) A person who stands surety
for a stranger demanding payment of a bill of exchange.
KHOKHi, Thug. Clearing the throat, a signal to prepare
for action.
KHOLAMBHO, GuZ. (Utu८५*भेu) Postponement, putting offः
KHOM, Thug. A door.
286
KHO
KHOMASNA, Thug. To rush at once upon travellers when
there is not Sufficient time for the usual forms.
KHoNDAR, H. (9***, खोडैर) Gleanings or leavings on the
threshing-floor after the grain is removed.
KHoNDU, Tel. (*T० ँ9) Ripe grain.
KHONTA, H. (ं,ं) Base, adulterated (as coin).
KHOPRA, H. (J:*), KHoBREs, Mar. (खोबरे) The kernel
of a cocoa-nut ः the dried interior pulp.
JKhobrel, Mar. (खोबरेल, from खोबरं, and तेल) Cocoa-nut oil.
KHoRA, or KHoR#, Mar. (खोरा, खीरे) A hollow or bottom
between hills, a glen.
KHORA, Thug. Unlucky.
KHORAf, Thug. Copper coin.
KHoRA K, Thug. A horse ; Khorhdn{, a mare.
KHORCHI, Thug. A barber.
KHoRJAM, Tel. (sंTedF०) A bale or lot of twenty pieces,
commonly called a Corje.
KHosA, Beng. (८थीज') Husk of grain ; shell of pulse ;
rind of fruit.
.Khostin, Beng. (८थiजीन्) Cleaning grain, separating it from
the husk ; shelling peas, &c.
_Khosanf, Beng. (८थiजीनी) Price of labour in husking
grain, &c.
KHOSA, H. (५०*) Name of a marauding tribe in the sandy
tract between Hindustan and Sindh, called the Thal.
KHOSMAN, Thug. A Mohammadan.
KHOT, Guट. (vitu2) A blunder : loss in trade, damages.
_Khot-cadh, Gu2. (vtu८५४) Profit and loss.
KHoTA, or KHoT, Mar, (खोत) A farmer of land revenue or
customs ; any contractor or monopolist ः in some of the
Maratha provinces, an officer exercising hereditarily the
office of collecting the government revenue, also one ap
pointed to that duty.
JKhot-bdhi, Mar. (from P. ५*५) Balance of grain, &c. due
from the cultivator to the landholder.
A hot-dhdrd, Mar. (खोतधार) The dues of the landlord from
the cultivator or tenant.
Khoti, Mar. (खोती) The business or office of the hereditarv
or appointed collector, termed khot ः contracting, farningः
contracting for a crop of corn on the field.
*/otkt, or Khotgi, Mar. (खोतकी, खोतगी) The ofhce or a
collector, termed khot.
JKhot/khardibd, Mar. (खोतखराबा) Waste lands about a village,
of which the revenue is farmed and given to the fºrmer
on his paying a fixed sum to the government.
 KHO
, Khotsajjai, (खोतसञ्जा) Lands held of the landholder or । KHUN, KHooN, H. &c. (P. J95-) Blood ; figः, murder.
farmer, in contradistinction to those held of government JK7a{n-bahd, (P. ५:ं95-) Price of blood, mulct of retaliation.
direct.
Khofpatra, Mar. (खीटपच, from खोट, false) A document
acknowledging the falsehood of a claim or plea, written
acknowledgment of error.
Khotcerd, Mar. (खोटवेणा) An extra assessment to make
up for some deficit in the revenue.
KHOUs, Thug. Return from an expedition.
KHOTAB, Thug. Interval between midnight and day-break.
KHUBRf, Beng. (भूवनी) .A small hut.
KHt D, KHooD, H. &c. (P. ey*-) Self own.
JKhaiddjart pditd, Beng. (शूनाञ्जानी *ीषॆ) An engagement
by which, for a sum of money, a man makes himself the
bondsman of another, either for a term of years or for
life. (Sylhet.)
Khaid-hdsht, corruptly, JKhode khasht, P. (,.,्-*४, hashtan,
to sow, as seed) Sowing or cultivating one's own ground.
See Kdshºf.
Khaid-hdsht raiat, H. (A. e-A59) A cultivator of his own
hereditary land.
_Khttd-hdsht 2amin, H. (A. J2-9) Land cultivated by its
hereditary occupant.
KHt p, or KHUR, H. 9; ँ, खुड) A furrow in a stiff soil.
KHUDA, but usually pronounced more like KHODA, and in
some dialects, as in Bengali so writtem, H. (lo3-) Beng.
(८थॆiप्लीं) God.
Khada hare, H. (from 9*, to do) Would to God ! May
God do !
Khadd-na-hhmrdsta, H. (from P. ७*~'*- to will or wish)
God forbid !
Khuddmodnd, H. (P.AG,lo5-) Master, lord, husband.
KHUListUDDAT, Mar. (बुलीमुद्दत, from H. khula ',*, open,
and A. muddat, ५“-25.०, time) An undefined term or
period for the performance of an engagement, payment of
a debt, &c.
KHULTf N, A. (७Ael3-) A fermented liguor, infusion of dates
and of raisins bottled together : it is not a prohibited
liguor.
KHULA PAISA, Mar. (बुळापैसा) A small copper coin, current
in some parts of the Dakhin : seven hundred go to a rupee.
KHt yr, KHooyr, vernacular for KAUM, ५. v. Mar. (बूम),
Tel. (३coांC) People, tribe, class, caste.
JKhamaicar, Mar. (हूमवारं) By tribes or families, as taxes
imposed on, statements of returned, or the like.
287
KHU
Khaini, H. (J,*-) A murderer, a shedder of blood.
JKhainre’, H. (P. P।2;*-) A murderer.
Khainti, (?) Price paid to Bhils for protection from personal
injury, black mail, price of blood.
KHUN, KHoox, Mar. (सूण) A mark, whence, a boundary
mark.
KHUNCHI, erroneously, KooNCH w, Beng. (भू*िष्ट) In dry
measure, eight handfuls.
KHUNpi, Mar. (मुंडी) A sort of Jawari grown as a second
crop in garden land, to serve as a green crop for cattle :
the heads of the grain are also eaten.
KHUNT, H. (c~ं;*) A Share in the lands of a willage by
hereditary descent, and in all the privileges and rights
which it involves.-AZimgerh.
JKhatnt-bat or -cat, (H. वत bat or cat, implying posses
sion) Tenure by ancestral shares in a willage, as existing
in AZimgerh.
Khaint-lahat, H. (as-ce-%*-) Adeed of mortgage by which
the mortgagee parts not only with his share of the khumt
oat lands, but with all the rights and privileges.attached
to them.
JKha4mtait{, H. (.3 ँ;*-) Payment of revenue according to
the ancestral shares, without reference to the actual condi
tion or produce of the shares.
KHUNTf, Mar. (शुंटी) A peg or pin stuck in the ground, or
a short stump of a tree as a land or boundary mark.
KHUNrwA, Mar. (सुंटवा) A duty on vessels on coming to
anchor or passing within a certain range.
KHURAK, less correctly, but vernacularly, KHORAK, H. &c.
(P. ५4"]95-) Food, daily food, allowance of food.
JKhairdhā, vernacularly, Khoraiki, H. &c. (P. ७*);*) Al
lowance of food, or money for purchasing it ; subsistence
money.
JKhair-0-posh, written also, Khor-0-posh, H.(U*9:999*-) Food
and clothing,
5१ maintenance, which it is incumbent on the
head of a family to provide.
JKhttrdha, Tel. (aco-ष्ठंC) Subsistence money (see JKhm/
rdhi) or fees paid by willagers to inferior servants employed
to collect the government dues.
JKhitraki-dfidil, H. (A. plur. of.fil, an elephant) Food of
elephants : a tax formerly lewied in Sylhet to defray the
cost of maintaining the elephants caught for government
in the district.
 KHU
KIIt RANT, H. (--G)9ं) Old soil, soil trodden down by
cattle with hoofs.
KHURD, H. (P. 9x*-) Little, small ; used as the designa
tion of a village or town, in opposition to kaldn, great.
KHURDA, H. (P. ४e),#-), Mar. (बुदैी) The original implies
eaten ; but in vermacular use it implies, like the pre
ceding, small, what is broken np into small parts or
fragments, as small coins in exchange for large, and the
like.
Khttrdagatd, or Khttrdadji, H. (*४95- * –*५99*-) Changing
money, giving pieces of smaller for one of larger value.
JKhttrdahःfarosh, H. (U%9A ४e99*-) A huckster, a dealer in
petty wares.
/k/। 4rdid, H. (५99*-) A mouey-changer.
KHUsH, H. (P. Uं,#-) Pleased, pleasant, agreeable, &c.
JKlutsh-bdsh, incorrectly, JKoosh-besh, H. (P. L*५ , being,
abiding) One who lives pleasantly or at his ease; applied
variously in different places : in Sylhet, to a petty pro
prietor, one who possesses a small piece of ground, with
a dwelling on it, for which he pays revenue ; in Cuttack,
to a resident in a village who pays no rent for the ground
on which his dwelling stands ; in Birbhttm it denoted a
remission or assignment of revenue to enable the grantee
to live more comfortably ; in the IDakhin, and in other
places, it usually means a cultivator holding land at an
easy or Guit-rent.
JKhaish-7abala or kibdla, H. (A. AJ५G) A contract or en
gagement entered into willingly.
JKhtisl-kharid, H. (P. A५,ं-) Purchase made willingly,
without any constraint : what is purchased at once, with
out any advance or dispute.
KHUpTAT, or KIIURA, Beng. (ंजजज्, शूजl) A father’s
younger brother ; Khu?? (भूङी), his wife.
KHUsHK, H. &c. (P. ५--५**) Dry.
Khashha, H. (P. ४ॐ~) Dry rice, rice boiled plain, with
ont seasoning or other ingredients.
Khush/k{, sometimes, vernacularly, JKhuski, H. &c. (_***-)
IDryness, drought : dry land, land not artificially irfigatedः
by land in opposition to by water, as travelling.
Khush/sdl, H. (A. J५०, a year) A year ofdrought or famine.
Kil Us MAT, H. (A. ५--~s;~～-, from ~~। an enemy) En
mity, strife, litigation.
KHUT BA, H. (A. AA-*-) A public prayer or discourse pro
nounced in the mosgues at the Friday service, in which
the prince is prayed for.
288
KIE'
Khatib, H. (-४a*-) A preacher, a public reader or
speaker.
KH wAJA, but pronounced KHAJA, and, corruptly, CAJA,
KHO.JA, H. (P. &-';*) A rich or respectable mam, a
gentleman, an opulent merchant; also, vermacularly,
JKhoja, a eunuch.
JKhmodja-sard, H. (P. | , the inner apartments) A eunuch,
one attached to the female apartments.
KH wAND-KAR, H. (P. ७es'*- to read) A Schooltnaster,
one who teaches reading and writing.
KH w DARA, Thug. Any armed policeman, as a Barkanda८,
Najib, &c.
KIARI, H. (.9'A%) A bed in a garden ; one in a field, espe
cially for the plantation of rice in small sduares, with
raised borders to retain the water ; a field surrounded
by a high bank forming it into one large bed.
KIAs, or KryAS, H. &c. (A. U~५ं) Reasoning, inference,
logical deduction : in the absence of a positive law,judg
ment on the merits of a case.
JKids ndma, H. &c. A written judgment or decree.
KIBLA, H. (A. *:G, from c}AG, what is placed before or
opposite) The place to which Mohammadans look when
praying, which is the direction of the temple of Mecca :
any venerable person, one to whom another looks with
respect.
Jंibla-ā-4alam, H. (A. AJe &५G) The ºilla of the world,
applied to a prince, His majesty, Wour majesty.
JKibla-gdh, H. (from P. ४७, a place) The place to which
the face is to be turned when praying ; any august or
venerable person when spoken of or to ; as, a king, a
father, Wour majesty, Sire.
KIDAऽGU, Tam. (Gी-rigy) A tank, a pond ; a store, a
granary ; a betel garden, a jail.
KIFAwAT, or KIFAIAT, corruptly, KIFFUT, KEFFAwET, KEF
FAwAT, H. (A. ५- ं, from ८*, to be enough) Surplus,
profit, advantage : profit or increase in the amount of
revenue received by the government, whether by raising
the rate of assessment or imposing additional taxes: in
the old rewenue accounts several items of increase are
so denominated, as,
JKifi//at-i-last-0-batd, II. (e*१--~~* ५-४५*) Increase of
actual and past assessment founded on a revision of the value
of the lands and resumption of illegal or lapsed alienations.
JKifi/at-i-Tagjddr{, H. (-9'A-*--ुं) Increased as
sessment on the frontier lands held by military governors,
 KII, KIR.

lewied by them at first for their own benefit, but brought tribe of migratory shepherds, feeding their flocks on all
to the credit of the government by Kasim Ali Kham. waste lands between the Taptf and Tungabhadra, on paying
a tax to the state.
kifiyat-a-sair, corruptly, Kaff/et sa/er, H. 02.५ ५-४ं)
Increase of the revenue derived from miscellaneous items Kf I.MADAI, Tam.(्र9aLoco०-) ILand last watered, that which
of taxation, whether effected by additional imposts or re is most distant from the madai, or sluice.
duction of charges. ठै९९०ॐoc२०) Inferior land.
JKilubhiimi, Karn. (S.
KiL, A lake (?), Glossary, छेth Rep. KfL, H. &c. (JA%), is KIMAR, H. (A.)५G) Dice, or any game of ha2ard.
more usually a stake, a pin, a peg. JKimar-04ं, H. (P. ;५ , who plays) A gambler.
KILA, H. (A. &xls, more correctly, KALA, &श्4G), vernacularly, Kimar-baxi, H. (P. ५9५ । playing) Gambling with dice or
KILLA, Mar. (किज्ञा), Beng. (दिश्लl) A fort, a fortress, the like.

a castle, a hill fort. In Cuttack the term applies to estates KiMAr, KBEMUT, H. (A. ५-~ं) Price, value.
or Zamindaris in the jangal and hill tracts on the western JKimat-ā-Khisht-i-Gaur, H. (from P. ५-~*.5-, a brick) A
border, some of considerable extent, paying tribute, but cess imposed by the Nawab of Bengal to defray the expense
in some respects subject to their own Rajas : seventeen of bringing away, for public edifices, the enamelled bricks
are enumerated-Ranpur, Naiaghar, Khandiapāra, Nar or tiles found in considerable guantities among the ruins
singpur, Baramba, Tigaria, IBanki, Athgarh, IDekamāl, of Gaur, the ancient capital of Bengal.
Hindol, Angtil, Athmalik, Talchir, Kyunjhar, Lera, Mohar JKimati, H. (L**ं) Of price, precious, valuable.
banj, Nilghar ; they are usually 200 or 800 sduare miles JKimat ramcanā, H. (P. U}} , going) A custom pass, in
in extent, but Lera is only 20, whilst Angtil is calculated which the value of the goods that have paid duty is
at 22,000, and Moharbanj at lā,000 ; they were no doubt Specified.
originally named from the forts occupied by the Rajas who KIMKHwAB, corruptly, KINCop,H. (P. ५-';***) KINKHAB,
were held responsible for guarding the frontier against the GuZ. (%let५vt) Silk stuffinterwoven with gold or Silver
wilder tribes to the west. thread ; brocade.
KINA, Beng. (श्मिl) Purchase, purchasing.
JKilā, or JKilldddr, or sometimes, vernacularly, JKilledar,
as Mar. (किलेदार), Karn. (&ं,८०४), H. &c. (9loश्4G) JKindbikd, Uriya (ag||६०|) Buying and selling.
The governor or commandant of a fort : in Cuttack, the JKinibdncdild, Uriya (६ऽla|७|R।) A purchaser.
holder of a fort and lands annexed on the principle of KINARA, H. &c. (४9७४) Side, border, bank, shore.
feudal service. Kinara, Tam. (Em८ठ्ठाg) A well, a small well.
J{illa, or Killedari, H. &c. The office emoluments, &c., KINpAN, Tam. (Gी०र्रा-cठैी) A kind of cotton cloth, com
of a Killādār. monly called gingham.
JKilajat, H. (५-७-*,irr plur ofAl-3) Forts ः in Orissa the KiNiRU, Tel. (?) Ground where water is found within about
term is used collectively to desigmate lands chiefly in the hill six feet below the surface.

country bordering on the plains, and held at a guit-rent KIRAHiwAT, H. (A. ५-४)*) IDisgust, abhorrence : in law,
on the tenure of military Service in defending the low coun abominable acts, or abominations ; any infraction of moral
try from the ravages of the wild mountain tribes, for which, or religious rules ; as, eating or drinking impure or pro
as well as their own safety, the Zamindars occupy numerous hibited articles, wearing unfitting attire, committing acts
Kilas or forts. of indecency, &c.
I(ill4-cartdld, corruptly, Kella-fourtullah,Mar.(किघ्वा वहॆाला) Kf RAI, Tam. (GºcoxDr) All sorts of greens and the edible
A cess imposed upon the peasantry in lieu of a reduction leaves of trees.

in the amount of the grain with which they were bound KIRAN, H. (A. ७P) Conjunction of the planets : propin
to supply the garrison of a fort. duity, being with or together : performing the pilgrimage
KILINTU, Tel. (Port (?) $9ce99) Port, clearance ; receipt for to Mecca with other pilgrims.
port dues paid. _ KIRANA, or sometimes with JINS (goods), KIRANA-JINS,
KiI.A KA, S. &c. (कीलक) The forty-second year of the cycle. erroneously CARANA-JINS, Mar. (किराणा , किराणाजिंस)
KILLARI, also written KHILLARy, Mar. (?) The name of a Groceries ; in commerce, under the head of Kirttnd are
289 4 E
 KIR.
included tea, Sugar, Spices, aromatics, almonds, raisins,
cocoa and pistachio nuts, indigo, vermilion, alum, and
various medicinal and dying drugs.
KIRAR, Mar. (?) A low tribe, whose occupation is to sell
grass and exercise horses, (?) KIRAT.
KIRAT, S. &c. (किरात) A wild or forest tribe, barbarous
races inhabiting the mountains, the Cirrhadae of the ancients.
KIRAvA, corruptly, KEERAw, H. &c. (A. &],ं), KERAwA,
Beng. (८दश्नीषl) Hire, rent, fare, freight ; the money or
rate at which any thing may be hired or rented ; a small
cess charged to the cultivator for the carriage of the crops
to market. Karn. (ठैठब्०७०) Small fees in grain.
JKirdyaddr, H. &c. ()le:५),*) A hirer, a renter. *
JKirdyagdrru, Karn.(pl. ठैठब्०ऽ७7त्ळ४४७) Willage servants
paid by small fees in grain.
KiRD, Mar. (P. कीदॆ) An account or statement of receipts
and disbursements ः bringing lands into cultivation.
Kird4d, Karn. (&८ऽ०-ॐ ) Tilled, fit for seed.
Kirds4r, Mar. (कीर्देसारं) Arable, capable of being culti
vated (land),
KIRicH, Beng. (हिनीप्त्र), Uriya (६9.19) A long knife, a
dirk, a dagger ; perhaps the Kris, or Creese (C“ं9*)
the Malays.
Ki Rktir, or KiRKot, Mar. (कीरकूळ्, कीरकोळ) Miscel KIST, H. (A. ka.G), vernacularly modified, as KIST or KISTi,
laneous, petty, (as articles or goods), by retail.
Firkolkdm, Mar. (कीरकोळकाम) A job, a trifling or tem
porary business.
Kirkolprāpti, Mar. (S. प्राप्तःि, gaming) Petty profits.
KIRRAT, A• (e-ºl;) A garat, the 24th part of am ounce.
KIRUK6LA, Karn. (ठै&७ठै०९१) Unnecessary trouble and an
noyance given to cultivators by inferior revenue officers.
KISAN, H. &c, (S. ७५~*) A husbandman, a cultivator (more
correctly Krishdm).
KI5As, corruptly, KISSAS, H. (A. ००-4ं) Retaliating : in law,
retaliation for personal injury, claimable by the person
injured, or, in the event of his death, by his next of kin.
KISHT, H. (P. ५-**) A sown field.
Kishthair, H.9ं) A husbandman, a cultivator.
kishthdri, H. (.99.3) Cultivation, tillage.
JKisht-0-hdr, H. (P. 99५-~~ं) Ploughing and sowing.
Kishtmcdr, H. (9l;***) By fields, according to the cultivation.
Kishtstir, H. P. ()';..{) A sown field.
KISHTi, H. (.***) A ship, a boat; an ornamented raft or float.
JKishtibdn, H. (७५:ं4-3) A shipman, a boatman ; the com
mander of a vessel.
200
JKIS
KISM, H. (A. J) Kind, sort, species ः partition, division ;
division of inheritance ; egual partition of a husband’s
company amongst his wives.
Kismat, H. (A. ७…~~AJ) Share, distribution ; share of
prosperity, or the like, allotted to each person in life ; hence
by meton., fate, fortune : in law, partition of inheritance,
also a separated or divided portion : applied in revenue
matters to a portion ofland detached from a larger division,
as from a Taluk or a Pargana, especially if subject to a
different jurisdiction : a hamlet or dependent willage.
JKismat ndma, H. (from P. &०J) A deed of partition.
JKasim, A. (~७) A divider, a sharer ; a public officer
deputed by the Kagi to make a legal distribution of joint
property.
Kismmodr, corruptly, Kessemmodr, H. (9';~ं) According to
its sort or kind : according to shares.
JKismmudr-goshmudrd, H. ()';** 9'*~ं) An abstract ac
count of lands, classed according to their guality.
JKismmudr.jama bandi, H. (P. .***~~～-) An account of
the assessment on the lands of a willage or collectorate
according to their guality.
of KISORA, S. (किशोर) A youth, a boy, a minor, one under
eighteen years of age.
Beng. (दिश्ड, दिडि), KHIST, Mar. (खिस्त), Krsrr, Tel.
($ं७.), KIsr, or KISTU, Karn. (Gं७., Gं) Instal
stalment, portion ; the amount paid as an instalment ; the
period fixed for its payment : as a rewenue term it denotes
the portion of the annual assessment to be paid at spe
cified periods in the course of the year ; such periodical
payment is called a Kist. In Marathi,' Khist also implies
various ruinous modes of borrowing money upon repay
ment by instalments.
Kist- or Kisti-bandi, or bundee, H. (_soc५ ७~ं) JKistu
bomdi, Karn. (ठैं,००) Settlement of the instalments of
the revenue both as to time and amount : a document given
at the beginning of the year to the revenue payer by the
collector or Zamindar, in which the time and amount of
the instalments to be paid are Specified : a counterpart
statement of the same, kept by the receiver of the revenue,
or a district account shewing the particulars of the in
stalments receivable : any document relating to fixed
।
periodical payments of.the rewenue or of a debt.
Kisthdr, H. 9४le.J) A payer of a debt or tax by in
Stalments.
 ]KIS
JKist-khilifi, H. (from ५-3}[*-, contrary) Failure to pay the
stipulated instalments.
Kist-mankagi, H. (from A. c***०, elapsed) An instalment
in arrear, a past demand.
Kistumodide, Karn. (ठै:ं७्यव्०ooं) Fixed period for pay
ing an instalment.
KiswARA, Thug. A well.
KITA, H.(&le:G) A section, a fragment, a part. Beng. (दिश्जl)
A share or piece of ground. KITTAS, incorrectly, KEETA,
Mar. (किन्वीं) A word used in accounts to signify each
item that is to be brought under a separate head ; also
for an item that is set down, but of which the particulars
appear elsewhere; thus answering to miscellameous, minor,
broken, &c.
JKitd-bandi, H. (.seंeeं , written Khatabamdi, but ? if
correctly) A mode of assessment formed upon an egual
distribution among the cultivators of the good and bad
soil of a village in like proportion, and holding each cul
tivator responsible for his share of both ; also the assess
ment of the cultiwators according to the shares of each,
without adwertence to the soil or the cultivatiom.
Kit6.jarib bandi, Hindi (किताजरीबंबंदी) Specification of
the dimensions of each field in a Patta, or lease.
Kitdrodr, Beng. (झिज्ठiवiत्र ) In portions or fragments, as
a division of subordinate portions.
JKitangdri-batmudrd, H. ()',ं) Partition of a joint estate
in small subdivisions.
JKittaibdib, Mar. (कित्वाबाब) Miscellaneous or undefined cess
or charge, applied to an extra cess levied on a cultivator
or village without any plea being assigned
JKittdicatant, corruptly, routnee, Mar. (कित्तावतनी) A term
applied to an item of local assessment, which, though
actually lewied, is omitted from the account, so as to
reduce the apparent total, the object being to diminish
the sum on which a per-centage is payable to the holders
of assignments on the revenue.
KITA, Tel. ($ं, perhaps from the Arabic 8aं) A heap of
winnowed grain.
Kita-manihdlu, and Kita-taugalu, Tel. (?) Portions of
winnowed grain taken from the heap and given to Brah
mans and to the willage Servants.
KITAB, H. &c. (A. ५--95%) A book, a writing, a letter ; as
the book, it is applied to the Kuran of the Mohammadans,
the Old Testament of the Jews, and the New Testament
of the Christians.
291
KOD
Kitdbat, H. (A. ५-४Uं) A writing, a description, title of
a book : in Mohammadan law, an engagement by which
a slave is permitted to redeem himself or work out his
emancipation.
Kitdbi, H. (A. AUं) Relating to a book or writing ;
hence, it is applied to the Jews and Christians by the
Mohammadans, as in possession of scriptural authority,
although, according to them, corrupted or superseded.
JKitaib-huhmं, H. (A. from *-, an order) A letter from
one KāZi or judge to another, containing an authenticated
transcript of evidence taken in a case, the decision on
which has been removed to the jurisdiction of the latter ;
apy authoritative writing.
JKitab-intikali, H. (from A. Jं) A book or record of
transfers and other changes of property.
Katib, H. (A. ५-G४) A writer, a copyist, a scribe.
KITMITTI, Mar. (?) Applied to accounts in which interest is
allowed on both debit and credit.
KIUN-KAL, (?) Tibetan. A duty of ten per cent. on the im
port of grain.-Kamaon.
Kiun-thal, (?) Tibetam. Tax on the profits of trade, levied
in the form of transit duties.- Ibid.
Kf wADA, Tel. ($०ुण”ॐ) The area or yard of a house : a
tract of land round a village once occupied by dwellings :
land fit for garden cultivation ; a rich soil.
KiwAMATi, Hindi (कीवामाढी) Fine, strong, and tenacious
soil.
KLivA, S. (कृीव) Weak, impotent, neuter ः in law, an im
potent man, and therefore disgualified, in many respects,
as a party or an evidence.
KOBBARI, Tel. (S`ge), also KOBARI, Karn. (फै०००) The
white kernel of the cocoa-nut.
KooHIANI, Uriya (sG|६ध|१) A woman wholives by selling
Salt in small Guantities.
KODA, Tel. (Sv ं) Coarse rice, the third crop.
KopAGA, Tam. (ठै०ॐx) Land which had been rent-free,
but which has been subjected to a light or Guit-rent.
KopAIKKt LI, Tam. (GeErTCoxt-G5Gr-6छैी) Rent, hire.
KoDE, Thug. IDressed rice.-Dakhini Thugs.
K6pE, Karn. (टॆ०९&) The season of the hot land-winds
in Mysore, from May to September.
JK6debatta, Karn. (C०९ॐठं .) Rice grown in the*hot
SeaS0In_ _9
JKodegadde, Karn. (टॆ०९3xं) ILand watered for the cul
tiwation of rice in the dry Season.
 KOD
Kopl, Tam. (GeBrTu१-), Karn. (टॆ००) A channel for carry
ing off the surplus water of a reservoir.
Kopl, Tam. (GeBrTu१-) A twining plant, a vine, especially a
betel-wine.
Kodikhal, Tam. (GearTu3-फैerT60) A betel-wine garden.
JKodikhdil-pellatlam, Tam. (36u6froTrrgpयैी) A class of the
Wellālar or agricultural tribe who cultivate betel.
KoDIo, GuZ. (%u{\२tu) A leper.
KODO, H. ७e;*ः कोदो), also KoDRAyr, and Mar, KoDRtj,
and KoDRO (कोद्रः, कोद्रो, which are nearer the original
S. Hं0draca कोद्रवे) A small grain eaten by the natives
(Paspalum frumentaceum) : in one form, which does not
apparently differ from the ordinary grain, it has the pro
perty of intoxicating when made into bread ; it is then
called Watdoma, from S. mata, inebriated.
KopU, Tel. (STॐo) A water-course, a mala.
KODU, plur, KoLLU, and KoNDRU, whence the ordinary name
KoNDs, Tel. (ST ं9, ST१०, ST०७ं७.) A barbarous
race of mountaineers inhabig the hills west and north
west of Ganjam to the borders of Nagpur.
KoDUKKALvANGAL, Tam. (GeBrTGGeB606-rTrile860), Ko
DUKAvAssAL, Mal. (6)ee-9see6)o-9०ऽ3(ob), lit. Giving
and taking ; dealing. mutually, buying and selling, lend
ing and borrowing reciprocally.
K6DUvisA, Karn. (ॐ०९ॐ०२९०) Allowance of a Pis of KoLA, Hindi (कोल) A piece of land closed on two or three
grain, &c. for every bullock-load that comes into a town,
* paid to a person employed tg check the demands of the
toll-keeper (apparently from C०९ॐ9, a horn) for horned
cattle.
KOERf, H. (-9*) A class of the agricultural population in
Hindustan who apply themselves especially to garden cul
tivation, and, in Bahār, to the growth of the poppy : they
are in general very respectable.
KoHAR, (H-7*, कोहड) The frame of the mouth of a well.
KofLU, KoEELoo, Karn. (C~००9999) A measure of seed
corn containing four hanis, or 400 rupees in weight, and
reckoned to be as much as a man can sow in a propor
tionate space of ground in a day (from kog//a, to cut, to
reap.
Ko.JAGARA, H. (S. कोजागर) A Hindu festival on the day of KoLE, Karn.
full moon in the month of Aswin, in honour of Lakshmf,
the goddess of fortune, who is said to have promised riches
to all who should observe a vigil on the night (from /ko,
who, jai//ara, wakeful) : the night is spent in festivity and
in games of chance.
202
K0L
Ko.JAwTi, Thug: Fetters-Dakh. Thug.
KokATr, Thug. Cry of the large owl, ominous of ewil.
Dakh. Thugs.
KOKA, H. (४,%) A foster-brother, a murse's child.
KGI, commonly, COLE, H. (S. J*, कोल) The name of a bar
barous tribe inhabiting forest and mountain tracts in the
provinces of Benares, South Bahār, and Chota-nagpur,
apparently of kin to the other mountain tribes of Central
India, the Gonds and Bhils, who are perhaps the aboriginal
races of India.
K0, Mal.(6)a9ct),Tam.(Geºrrं), KGur, Karn.(*०९co)
A staff a stick ; a measuring-rod or pole ; a pole, ten of
which should intervene between the planting of two cocoa
nut trees.-See Jerwis, 20. KoLA, Tel. (STe?) Measure
ment, a measure of four Ga2.
Kollidran,or in common use, Kollidr,Mal. (6)८9,9(cbeexport)
JKGlukdr, Karn. (C०९eoठव्6) A mace or staff-bearer : a
government messenger, police or revenue peon, one em
ployed either by public functionaries or by renters to
collect duties and imposts ; also as ciwil guards.
Kolpaindish, Mal. (6)eºpob66)a-l22ं2aeo) Measurement
of lands in Malabar by survey made in the Mal. year, 988.
JK6lkurjppu, Tam. (GErT6bर्कैंट)pीLL) An abstract
or summary of a land measurement.
sides by water : an oftset from a field.-Puraniya.
KoLA, Mar. (कोल) Property, personal or real, sei2ed for debt
or arrears of rewenue.
KoLA, Beng. (८कलि) A class of Hindus whose principal
occupation is basket and mat-making.
KoLAB, (?) Sindh. A tract of inundated land.
KoDAGA, or KoLUGA, Karn. (टॆ०१x, ८०९०x) A measure
of grain, the नै'h of a khandaga, or 8 bushels.
K6I.APf RAMANAM, for S. PRAMANAyr, Tam. (GeBrT6rT LंD
Larr०ठष्ठाta) A statement of the whole extent and of thedivi
sions of a village and its lands, whether cultivated or waste.
KOLBANDI, Karn. (टॆ०७ॐ००) IDismantling and rebuilding.
KoLCHAR, Beng. (८कोनप्त्रज्ञ) An addition to a sand bank; a
fresh deposit gr accretion.
(टॆ० ँ), KoLAI, Tam. (GeBrTºo) Murder,
beating.
JKolail.hdran, Tam. (GeBrTºoेGrTDrcटॆा) A murderer.
JKollucama, Karn. (फै०ंॐ७) A murderer.
KoLF, Mar. (?) An allowance of a few heads of grain to the
willage watchman.
 KOL
KoLHANTi, Mar. (कोलहाँटी) A tumbler, a'rope-dancer, one
who lives by feats of activity and dexterity.
KoLiiT, Hindi (कोलिड्त) The taking of lands on lease from
one Ryot by another, or the cultivation of them by other
than the party who rents them.
KoLHU, H. ७d;) A sugar-mill, an oilman's press.
KOLI,erroneously, KoLLEE,but also,and perhaps more correctly,
Kt Li, or KooLi, Mar. (कोली) The name of a low caste,
or of a member of it ः their business is to bring water,
in which they are sometimes part of the village establish
ment : they are also fishermen : the name is also that of
a wild and predatory tribe in the forests and wilds of
GuZerat, some of whom, however,have settled in the plains,
and have become cultivators, and are collected in bhdjddr,
or joint-tenancy willages.
KoLLA, Mal. (6)ceb29.3) Plunder, pillage (probably same as
the Karn. Kalla, ५. w.)
JKolla-hdram, Mal. (6)c6x93).3).०96)0(orrt) A plunderer, a
robber.
KoLLAI,Tam.(GeBrT60&60) Dry soil, high ground not capable
of artificial irrigation : a back yard, or, rather, an inclosed
piece of ground belonging to one of the proprietors of a
village, whether or not contiguous to his dwelling.
JKollaipayir, Tam. (GeBrT60&oot JLLLीटैr) Corn growing
on high ground.
KoLLAxt, Mial. (6)copg G०) The name of the fera used in
Malabar, said to derive its name from a village so called,
where it was first devised; but this seems to be a popular
error, the current aera being the third thousand of the
cycle aera of Parasurāma, the first year of which cor
responds with A.D. 825.
KoLLAN, Tam. and Mal. (GeBrT6b6cc्ठा) A blacksmith ; also
in Mal., a tanner, a worker in leather ; also a turner in
wood.
KoLLI, Karn. (ठै०९१) Plunder, pillage.
Kolligdr, Karn. ५ठं०९१-7त्ळ&) A plunderer, a robber.
KoLLU, Tam. (GErrefrॐ प्)) Horse gram.
KoLLUKAI, Karn. The third crop of rice.
KoLU, H. ७;) An oilman.
Kor.U, Tam. (GeBrT ७B) Mal. (6)copgº)A ploughshare ; also,
in Mal., Ploughing, cultivation.
Kolumādi, Tam. (Geºrr(guंठ) The owner's share of the
produceofa field,after deductin' that due to the government.
_koluldbham, Mal. (6)cexpg*ea93०, from S. लाभः, gain)
The owner’s profit or portion of the produce of a field
298
KOP
after deducting the expenses of cultivation, and the public
revenue demand.
JKolumacam, or Kolucan, corruptly, JKolloomacem, Mal.
(6)०8-9ंPGoo-urrt), 6ौcexpgºo-lrt) An occupant of land other
than the original hereditary owner, holding by lease or
mortgage, and, under particular circumstances, having the
opportunity of converting his temporary into a permanent
tenure : a tenant, a lease or mortgage-holder.
JKolupamam, Mal. (6)८8-99a-loo०) lit., Price of the plough
share : ; two fanams given by the tenant to the proprietor
in exchange for a piece of iron, typifying the ploughshare,
concurrently with a deed by which he engages to improwe
•.the produce of the estate that he temporarily occupies.
Kol.U, Karn. (टॆ०१०) A large sguare reservoir with steps
on each side.
KopwEN, Mar.(कोळवं) A measure of capacity, हैth of a sdr.
K6MARAM, Mal. (6)८6,02fo०) A tribe of barbers who
operate on the lower classes.
K6MATi,commonly,KoMTi.corruptly,CoMPTE,Tel. ($*:O83)
Mar. (कोमटी), Karn. (ठै०eंo&3), Mal. (6)०8,023)) The
name of a caste in the South, who consider themselves to
be a branch of the pure Waisya caste : they follow trade
as shopkeepers and merchants, and assume the denomi
nation of Sheth or Chitty.
KoMPE, Karn. (C००र्र्)) A house, a willage.
Kompeca, JKompeg/aca, Karn. (ठै००ई०:ॐ, ठं,००ई9०ऽCS)
A willager.
KoNAKAN, (?) Mal. A class of predial slaves in Malabar, a
Subdivision of the Wetuoar, or forest and hunter tribe :
they are employed in agriculture, also as boatmem and salt
makers.
KoNDA, Mar. (कोडै) A circle, especially one drawn round a
person to whom an oath is administered : a cluster of
a few huts apart from the main village : the fields or
grounds of one person.
KoNDA, Tel. (ST०ॐ) A hill.
JKomdapodu, Tel. (ST०ॐंण`ॐ०) A corn-field on high or
hilly ground ; one not capable of artificial irrigation.
KoNI)RA, Tel. (ST ०ॐ) The space left by the plough at its
first wide turn.
KoNDU, Thug. The belly.
K6Ni RI Karn. (टॆ०९२९e) A sguare reservoir with steps.
KoNIWALAN, (?) Mal. A class of predial slaves in Malabar.
KoNJAL, Thug. Cry of the Sitras or crane.
KoPPAH, (?) Cloth steeped in an *fusion of opium ः (it is
4 F
 KOP
specified as one of the intoxicating articles prohibited by
Regulation x. 1818, s. l7, cl. 2. but the word is not found
either in Hindustani or Bengali dictionaries : it may be an
error for Kopar or Kopra, Beng. cloth).
KoPU DARU DU, commonly, CoPDAR, Tel. (ST`ं)८ऽ२ं७ॐO)
A contractor for long-cloths.
Ko RA, H. &c. (U;% कोरा) properly, New, fresh : in Bengal,
applied to plain undyed silk, forming one description of
silk piece-goods ; also, Tel. (STC*) Unbleached, un
bleached or undressed cotton cloth, whence the name Coral।
is also applied to a class of cotton piece-goods from
the Northern Cirkars.
JKordbandi, H. (.sA-५)*) A new arrangement, a list of
villages or fields to be registered according to an allot
ment diferent from a preceding one.
KoRA, H. (J,ं) New, plain (as silk undyed), whence a sort
of silk, commonly Cora.
K6RA, Mal. (6)०9-2५) A bribe: tax, tribute.
Kop:A, H. &c. (];*ः or कीडा) KonADA, Karn. (G०ॐॐ) A (टॆ०९&ऽप्यब्&ऽ०)
whip, a scourge, formerly used in the punishment of male
factors, now disused.
Aordibarddr, or Koraddr, H. &c. 9'9x);*, 9'e]*) An
executioner or flogger : an officer of the criminal court
employed to flog culprits.
KORACHARU, also, KoRCHARU, KORvAIRU, or Ko RSARU, &c.
corruptly, KoltCHooR, Karn. (C०6aंo, ॐ०aं-००,
०F-ॐo) The name of a tribe in the Karnatic, whose
business is making bambu mats and baskets, or who carry
betel nuts from market to market : they live in the hills
and forests.
Kor:AwAU, or KoDwAo, Mar. (कोडवाव, from कोडा, dry,
and वावरं, a field) Land unirrigated artificially : dry lands.
KoRAL JAMIN, Mar. (?) Low reddish land in a tract along
the foot of the hills, capable of bearing only inferior
spring crops.
KoRAwARAwA, KoRAMARAVANU, or KoRAWANU, or abbrev.
KoRAwAR, KoRAMAR, Karn. (टॆ०&363, उँ०63cॐ.७०,
ठै०&3-ऽC) The name of a low tribe in Mysore, of
. which there are three branches-kalla-koramar, who are
professed thieves ; IWalaga-koramar, who are musicians;
and IWakki-loramna?', who are a migratory race, and subsist
by making baskets, catching birds, &c. : they are hill and
forest tribes, and have a dialect of their own : (the name
may be only a local modification of JKola, or Cole, the hill
tribes of IIindustan.*
*204
KOS
KoRAMBU, Tam. (GeBrTDrtaL) A dam across part of a river,
leaving an opening through which the water for irrigation
is to run : the place where the water issues from, or runs
into, a tank.
KoREwAR, (?) A wild tribe inhabiting the hills about Pakhal
and towards the Godaveri ः (the name is Kora, if correctly
given : motir is, as usual, for ptidu, an individual)
KoRGU. Mar. (?) An inferior servant of a willage attending
on trawellers.
KoRHARIA, Thug. The Thug clan that, after their expulsion
from IDelhi, fixed their residence at Korhar in the Doab.
KoRI, GuZ. (%u{\) A small Silver coin current in Cutch,
egual to one-third of a rupee.
KoRi, H. &c. (-9*) A 5gpं, the aggregate of twenty.
K6RIsETयुE, Karn. (C०९०८ 9)The head merchant of a town.
KoRRA, Thug. A low sound made by the large owl, an
unlucky omen.
K6RU, Tel. (Sºco), Karm. (ठै०९८०), also, KGRUNARU,
A part, a Share ; as a revenue term it
applies to the share of the crop which belongs to the cul
tivator.
JKorikam, (?) Land in IDindigal cultivated by labourers,
and paid for by a usage rent as cultivated (?)āth Rep. 705 :
the term is probably inaccurate, and the meaning that of
the following terms-division of the crop between the
owner and cultivator.
Kंruldu, and KGrudhan/a, Karn. (टॆ०९४०ठठ९०,
८०९&७८ळऽ8) A crop edually divided between the cul
tivator and the proprietor.
Kirnar, Karn (C०ंयह?) A well-tilled field, the
produce of which is edually divided between the proprietor
and cultivator.
Kos, commonly written CosS, H. &c. (C~ , from S. JKrosa
क्रोश), Kitos, Beng. (८उकं ) A measure of distance vary
ing, in different parts of India, from one to two miles, but
most usually about the latter : in Mysore the Sultānf kos
is about four miles : the variation in Upper India depends,
according to Mr. Elliot, upon the valuation of the Ga*; for
the kos consists either of I00cords (tandh) ofछे0ajas each,
or of400 poles (bdns), each of l2ं Ga’, making, in either
case, the kos = छे000 Ga3 ; and the value depends there
fore on that of the Ga:, which at one time varied con
siderably, see Gas : the actual measurement of the dis
tances between the kos mindrs or pillars still standing in
the Upper Provinces makes the Kos = 2 miles 4 furlongs
 KOS
lā8 yards, at which rate the Gas is = 92.8 inches, ap
proaching the 83 inches assumed by the British Govern
ment as the standard. । KoTSAL, perhaps for KoTHASAL, (?) H. A place where the
K0SA, GuZ. (ॐu२t) The large leather bucket used for draw
ing water from wells : a yoke of oxen working the
bucket.
JKosdrio, GuZ. (ॐu२{॥{\२tu) The water-drawer, the man
who works the willage well : the yoke of oxen drawing
the water from wells.
Kosio, Gu2. (%t&ll*tu) A water-carrier, one attached to
the village establishment to draw water for the villagers
and their cattle and for travellers.
JKoscero, Gu2. (%t२{१२u) A tax per well or per bucket.
KosATAKi, Mal. (6)८exporoproeं)) Merchandise, trade.
KoSH, or KoSHA, H. &c. (S. U**ः कोष) A treasury, a
repository, a magaZine, a receptacle, a Sheath, the cocoon
of the silkworm ; also, trial by ordeal, especially thrice
sipping water with which an idol has been bathed whilst
invoking the divinity, In Tam. Kosham (GeEITeta) is
applied to a register of village lands.
KosHTA, Beng. (८कीके) A name applied to two plants, the
fibres of which are used for hemp ; (Corchorus capsularis
and Corchorus oletorius.)
KosHTf, Mar. (कोष्टी) The name of a caste, or of an individual
of it, whose occupation is spinning and weaving, or the
manufacture of undyed cloths and Silks, and Silk threads
for necklaces, &c.
KosTUGUTTA, Tel. (ST ॐ ॐ.) The joint renting of a
willage by all the cultivators.
(cº-*, कोट, S. कोट्ट)
KoT, or KoTA, written also CoTE, H. &c.
also KoTH, Mar. (कोठ), KoTTA, IBeng. (८कोट्टं ), KoTTAI,
Tam. (GeBrTuं-०ठुL) A fort, a stronghold, the fortified
residence of a Zamindar, the wall of a forf.
Kor, or KoTE, Thug. A sacrifice of goats to the goddess
Devi, as a prelude to a feast, to which no Thug is admitted
till he has attained the rank of strangler, unless his family
have been Thugs for at least two generations.
KoT, or KoTE, H. (?) Land granted in free property to the
heirs of persons killed in battle.-Garhwal.
K0TA K, Thug. A nowice.
KoTAR, Thug. A bad omen.-Dakh. Th.
KorAL. Beng. (८कर्छिील) A watchman, a constable (probably Kof Li, Hindi (कोटली) A division in a granary for diflexant
wernacular for Kotictil, ५. v.)*: in Kamaon, the willage
messenger.
KoTE BrTTr, Karn. (&०ं) A tax formerly levied in
20.7
KOT
Mysore in lieu of free labour prewiously exacted for the
repair of certain forts and carriage of stores to them.
iron ore is roasted ; see Khamur’sttl.
KoTII, KoTHA, or KoTHA, H. &c. (ं;% ५ं,%, S. कोष्ठ) A
house built of bricks, a treasury, a granary ; Koth, in
Uriya (GGIO) has also the sense of joint, undivided.
koth, or Kothaddr, H. 9'Aं;) A person in charge of a
granary, a housekeeper.
JKothari, or Kothri, H. &c. ५-9*ः कोठडी) A chamber,
an apartment.
kothdr, Mar. (कोठार) A granary, a room or enclosure in
which grain is kept.
Kothmis, Mar. (कोठनीस) The accountant or officer in charge
of a granary, a storekeeper.
KoTHi, incorrectly, KoTEE, H. &c. (L*ः कोठी, S. कोष्ठ)
also KUTi, or KUTHi.or Kortif, Beng. (कूर्छी, दूठी,
८कीर्टी), K6TE, Karn. (टॆ०९र्र्) A spacious house, such
as those inhabited by Europeans ; a granary, a warehouse
or Storeroom ; a mercantile or banking-house or firm ;
a government factory or establishment, as the office of the
native opium agent, as well as the chief or Sadr factory.
JKothimodl or -mcdla, H. &c. (J',* ं;) A banker, a merchant.
Kothid, Uriya (Gal6ध|) A house or farm servant or slave.
koth-, or Kothakaran, Uriya (CGIO१6२६ी) A village ac
COuntant.
kot/-, or Kothakhandr, Uriya (G9|O१1१|9.) The residence
of a principal farmer or Zamindar.
Kothi-ilaka, H. (A. AGle, a dependency) A district under
a native opium agent ; one attached to his Koth? or office,
Kothkharida, Uriya (Sal०६?०) Land purchased and
cultivated by hired labourers.
KopHARU, Tel. (sण्ठप्&७) A salt-pan, salt works.
Ko I, H. &c. (.*,S. कोटि) Ten millions; a hundred lakhs,
or hundred thousands ; commonly termed a Kror or
Crore, ५. w.
KoTi, Hindi (कोटी) An earthern reservoir for grain.
Puraniya.
KOTIGA, KoTI(GA H, Karn. (टॆ०83x, र्ट०837रब्&) A stonecutter.
KoTII.A, II. (?) The name of a tribe in GuZerat. -
KoTKARKI, (?) H. Militia.-Kamaon.
sorts of grain.
KoTTAGAR, Karn. (ंरब्e) A division of the Hallayar
or Servile tribe.
 KOT KRA

KGTTAI, Tam. (GeErrt-co०-) A measure of grain, warying | JKayittaharam, Mal. (6)८6xporm(Jocex9fort) A reaper.
in diferent places from 21 to 24 markāls. JKayil-maini, Mal. (6)८6%9Comob66)2o?) Number or snc
KGrTALA K6vARA, Karn. (ठं०6.९्ठै०36) A man who cession of crops or cuttings: (the root JKoj//a, to cut, whence
keeps watch in the Kottala or watch tower of a willage. the above and similar forms are derived, is common,
K6rrAM, or Co्"Asr, Tam. (Gerrt---ta) An ancient terri with slight variations, to all the languages of the south
torial division in the province of Tonda-mandalam, which of India.)
was divided into twenty-four JKottams (from Kottai, a fort) K0xIL, Tam. (GeEITLLी60) A temple, a church, a palace.
KopTARA, or K0THARA, Karn. (ं, ठ०छाठ6) A pent K6/ilchdri, Tam. (GeEITLLी606e Dh) Part of a village
house, a wiranda, a शुंed #' cattle. belonging to a temple.
K6यूTEwoKAL, Karn. (C०९ ंॐं) An agricultural tribe JK6/igmdrai, Tam. (GeºrTLLीॐाGLoco०D) Part of the har
of a lower caste_than pure Sudras. vest set apart for a temple.
KoTTINA, Karn. ( &eं) Beating the husk from the rice. K6cirg/rdmam, Tam. (GeºrT6.]ी peी DrrTLcta) A willage be
KoTTU, Tam. (Gerrंठंa) Payment for reaping ; a deduc longing to a temple. -

tion from the gross produce on that account.
KoTwAL, corruptly, CUTwAL, H. &c. (P. J' ं;*) The chief
officer of police for a city or town, a superintendant of the
markets.
JKoticalं, H. (CA'*) The office of a Kotw{tl, or any thing
relating to it : an impost formerly levied on the plea of
providing for his salary ; a variety of town duties.
Koticdr, Mar. (कोतवाग्) The willage watchman and mes
senger, attending also on the Patel-a Dher by caste.
KOTwA, (?) Followers.-Kamaon.
KowIDo, Mal. (6)०6,0o-h6)s0) A measure of distance
= 0000 yards.
KowUDARUDU, Tel. (STंjयवं9ॐं) A contractor for long
cloths, commonly known as the Copedar.
KOww UKALU, Tel(ST०ॐo8ऽच्eo),kāila,Karn.(फै००००ec)
Straw after the corn is reaped, stubble.
K0vIL,Tam.(GErT6भी60) Mal.(6)eexpo-h(ct) A Hindu.temple:
also a palace : in Mal., a kshatriya, and the name of a
JK6cirbatta, Tam. (GErrculp-pg) Lands, &c. belong
ing to a temple.
KRAMA, S., but adopted in most of the Hindu dialects (क्रम:)
Order, Series, Succession.
JKramd0ata, S. &c. (from अागत , come) Descended or in
herited in regular succession.
Kramājatadasa, S. (दास , a slawe) An inherited slave.
_Kramadjatadrac/a, S. (from द्रव्यं, substance) Hereditary
property.
_Kraindnu///% S. &c. (अनु, after, and यायिन् , what goes)
Succeeding or following in a direct line.
JKranti, vernacularly, K?’tint, S., IBeng., &c. (क्रान्ति) Pro
ceeding, going in order : money of account, a third of a
houri, whence, in the eastern parts of Bengal, it is applied
to land measure, or a similar proportionate part of an estate
divided into ands, Gandhas, kaur{s, and krdnts.
KRAsA, Beng. (उगीश) A complete reply, a rejoinder or
refutation.

class of Nairs.
JKooilakam, corruptly, Kocilajom, Mal. (6)cexpo-he–lcex०) A
king's palace : the house of a Kshatriya : the ancestors or
family of an individual.
KowATA, KowATf, corruptly, KowT, Mar. (कोयता, कोयती) A
bill-hook, a sickle.
JKoyatapatt{, Mar. (कोयतपट्टी) A tax levied on fields which,
KRAwA, S., also Beng., Mar., &c. (क्रय), KIIRAwAM, Tam.
(Gीpru-lth) Buying, purchasing', a purchase; price, value.
JKraj/ah, S, Beng., &c. (क्रयक) A buyer, a purchaser.
_Kraydicikraya, S., Beng., Mar., &c. (क्रयाविक्रय) Buying and
selling ; trade, traffic.
JKraya chitu, Karn. (ठै०ऽ9a#९&39), Tam.(GीDru-lकै र्क्uं-G)
A bill of sale.

from their situation, cannot be ploughed, and are there JKrd/a sddhanam, S., but adopted in the dialects, as Karn.
fore worked by hand, according to the number of hoes or (ॐ०9येवं७०),Tam.(व) D LLEPrrg०णta) Abillofsale.
bill-hooks reguired for their cultivation. _Krdta, S, Beng., &c. (क्रेता) A buyer, a purchaser.
KOWi RI, Karn. (G००००6), Koy ITTA, Mal. (6)e8,0Cpl(Jo) JK?’eya, S, Beng., &c. (क्रेय) A purchasable article.
Reaping, mowing, cutting corn. Krita, incorrectly, Kirta, S., Beng., &c. (क्रीत) Bought, pur
Kojittuktil,
-9
Mal. (6)eºpcomon.O०9-9a-l), Ka?/chal, Karn. chased ; hence, k?’{ta-ddsa, a purchased slave ; Krita
(G००ॐcछब्)e)) Harvest time. ;putrd, a son bought.
206
 KRI
KRISHI, S., adopted in all the Hindu dialects, except Tamil,
but in the south pronounced KBUSHI, KR00SHEE, (कृषि)
Ploughing, tillage, agriculture.
Karsha, S., &c. (कषै, from कृष, to plough) Agriculture,
ploughing.
Karshaha, S., &c. (कषैक) A cultivator.
Krishak, and Krishih, S, Beng., &c. (कृषकं, कृषिक) A divinity to whom sacrifices are offered for destructive and
peasant, a cultivator, a farmer, a husbandman.
Krishdm, vernacularly, Krisan and Karsdm, also Kisdm,
H. (७५&*) Beng. (क्षांन) A husbandman.
Krishibala or -cala, Beng. (क्र्षीदन) A husbandman, a
cultivator.
Krushihudu, or Krushipaludu, Tel. (ं8ंx9 ँ०, श्83x
ॐeoंO) A husbandman.
Krushihamu, or Krushicalamu, Karn. (ंऽश्:Aठैं७,
ठैऽर्थ:aॐe)Ko) A husbandman, a cultivator.
JKrushilam, Krushikdran,or Krushicalam, Mal. (ं;rec0aort)
greenaport), g,ंecho-leart) A farmer, a cultivator, a
husbandman ; Krushihdran is sometimes applied to the
steward of an estate on the part of the owner, employed
to pay the slaves and labourers, and other charges.
KºtsHNA, adopted in all the dialects, prononnced, vermacularly,
KRUsHNA, KRISHN, and KISTNA, the two last incorrectly,
S. &c.(कृष्ण) Black; hence the name of the popular divinity
JKrishna, from his black complexion.
Krishndrpam, Beng, &c. (S. चपैण, delivering) Grant oflands
to a Brahman or temple in propitiation of Krishna.
Krushna-milada-nellu, Karn. (ंऽं२०eं) A kind of
rice grown in Mysore.
JKrishna-paksha, S. &c. (कृष्णपघ) The fortnight of the
moon's wane, the dark half of the month.
JKrushma re//ada or re//adi or regati mela, or -bhaimi, Tel.
(ंSंवxॐ, -3xts, -C3&3र्रe),ठ3&3ंos२o) The rich
blंloamy earth in the south, commonly known by the
name of cotton soil, cotton being advantageously grown on it. KRoDHANA,S. &c. (क्रोधन) Theछै0thyear of thecycle,A.D. I8{}5.
KRITA, S, Beng-, &c. (कृत) Done, made ; as, Kritadd8a, KRoDHi, S. (क्रोधी) The 88th year of the cycle, A.D. I844.
a slave made ; Kritaputra, a son made or adopted.
Kritakal, S., Mar., &c. (कृतं, made, and काल, time) For a
fixed term or period : applied to any agreement or ।
contract.
Kritayuga, S. &c. (कृतयुग) The first of the four /udas or
ages of the world ; the golden age, extending through a
period of I,728,000 years.
JKritrima, S. &c. (वृचिम) Factitious, applied to one of the
twelve kinds of sons formerly recognised in Hindu law,
207
KRO
the son made ; also K??trima-putra : this kind of affiliation
is still practised in Mithila.
JKrittiha, S. &c. (कृतिका) The third lunar asterism, the
Pleiades.
JK?’itya, S. &c. (कृत्य) What is to be, or ought to be, done ;
JKrit/ti, (कृत्य) Magic, magical rites ; also a female
magical purposes ; hence applied in Marathf to a virago,
a scold.
JKriya, S. (fक्रया) Act, action in general, or any particular
act ; any religious ceremony, especially such as are puri
ficatory and essential ; also obseguial rites : act of law
or judicial investigation, either by witnesses, documents,
or ordeal ; also the last of the two acts of a process which
is upheld, as when a loan and repayment are both proved
the latter is called the Kriyd, the decisive act.
JKriyddicesh{, S. (क्रियाद्वेषी) A witness whose testimony is
prejudicial to the cause.
JKriyakarmaintara, S. (fक्रयाकम्मॆान्तरं) Funeral ceremonies.
JKriyaharmdharma, S. (from कर्मे, act, and स्रकम्मॆ, non-act)
Non-performance of the obseguial rites of a deceased rela
tive, causing loss of caste.
JKriyalopa, S. (from लोप, omission) Neglect of essential
ceremonies inwolwing loss of caste : failure of funeral
obseduies from the absence of a person competent to per
form them, or any other cause.
JKriydpdda, S. (from पाद, a portion or stage of process)
The third diwision of a suit at law, the counter-evidence
or rejoinder, of the plaintifiः
_Kriyapatra, S. Uriya (fक्रयापच, 9ं.l9 १) A bill of sale.
JKriyacddi, S. (from वादिन्, who declares) A plaintiff in
a suit.
JKriydrasanna, S. (from अवसन्न, finished) Nonsuited; one
who has lost his cause.
JKrodhi-hichchiji, Karn. (C9?&ं?) An increase in the
assessment in Mysore, made in the year Krodht of a former
cycle.
KRoH, or KURoH, H. (P. 9*) A measure of distance, the
same as Kos, ५. v.
KRoR, or KARoR, commonly written CRoRF, H. OBA%297%
S. कोटि) Ten millions, a hundred lahhs or hundred
thousands.
JKror{, or Karort, written also Crori, and, corruptly,
4 G
 KRO
Croory, Crorie, and Karoory, H. &c. (.3}}),%) The pos
sessor or collector of a Kror, or ten millions, of any given
kind of money : it was especially applied as an official
designation, under the Mohammadan government, to a col
lector of revenue to the extent of a kror of dams, or
250,000 rupees, who was also, at warious times, invested
with the general superintendence of the lands in his district,
and the charge of the police : the latter was ultimately with
drawn from him, but the former continued till the down
fall of the empire : the extent of the krori’s collections is
that which, according to extant Regulations, should form
the charge of the Tahsildār : the word is also used more
generally for a tax-gatherer, an owerseer, especially of a
market.
KRoRAPATRA, Beng. (८यगजश्रयं, from ८ट्कोज, the side) A
Supplementary page or writing, a postscript to a letter, a
codicil to a will, &c.
KSHATRIwA, S. &c. (छ्वत्रिय) The name of the second or
military and regal caste, or a member of it; the warrior,
the king.
KSHAwA, S. &c. (घय) Waste, loss ः the sixtieth year of the
cycle, A.D. 1800.
KSHEMA, S. &c., vernacularly, KHEM (क्षेम) Prosperity, wel
fare, conservation of acguired wealth : in law, an act of
merit, as planting trees, digging tanks, erecting places of
rest for travellers, and the like.
KSHETRA, vernacularly, KHETRA, and KHET, S. &c. (क्षेत्र)
A field, a plain, a place of pilgrimage : metaphor., a wife :
in Malabar, a temple.
Kshetraphal, S., Mar. (क्षेचपल) The superficial area of a
field : the solid contents of a cube.
Kshetrं, S. &c. (क्षेची) The owner or possessor of a field;
the possessor of a wife, a husband.
_Kshetraja, S. &c. (क्षेचज) A son born of a wife duly ap
Pointed to raise issue for a husband in failure of any be
gotten by him ; one of the twelve sons formerly recognised
by Hindu law, but now repudiated.
-Kshetropddhydya, S. (क्षेचोपाध्याय:) A teacher, orUpādhyāya,
or Brahman, engaged to conduct the ceremonies which are
*PPropriate at a place of pilgrimage, as at Prayaija,
Gaya, &c.
KHETKHoI.A, Beng. (८थउ८थiलi) A held.
KUCHCHHA, Beng. (दू ) Slander, defamation, abuse.
_Kuchchabddi, IBeng. (कूहृिदिानी) A calumniator, a defamer,
an aCCuSer.
298
KUD
KUCHCHEI.A, corruptly, CoCHELLA, CooCHALA, CooRCHELA,
Tel. (s9ष्ट्र्थ्) A heap of cut corn : a land-measure in the
Northern Cirkars =8 Gorrus or I000 Kuntas. See Kunta.
KUpA, KUpA, pron. KURA,Beng. (दूज्, कूजi) A bigha ofland.
KU DA-BIGHA, H. (५ंle;*, from tex% to jump) A bighā
peculiar to Rohilkhand, measured, as to breadth, by the
rope or chain, but as to length, by a certain number of
leaps taken by the measurer : the area is egual to from
2! to Bं Kachcha-bighas.
KUpAI, Tam. (Gra-co०-) A basket.
Alapu-hadai, Tam. (gu6rT6-lern-co०-) A basket for
३
measuring rice.
KU DAL, sometimes pron. KODAL, H. &c. (Je;*, कुदाल) A यः
sort of hoe or spade, the common implement used in dig
ging, also a mattock or pickaxe. Kitddlt is a similar
but smaller implement.
KUDAMAN, pl. KUDAMAR, corruptly, KooDUMMER, Mal.
(coasant) A class of predial slaves in Malabar ; sing.,
an indiwidual of the caste.
KUPAN, Mar. (कुडण) A fence, an inclosure.
KUpAN vARIPPA, Mal. (ंas०o-lfolg–!) Rate of interest on
loans of money repayable in money, not by transfer of lands.
KUDAwA,or KURAwA, corruptly, Co0DUMBON, and KooDDUp,
S., Mar., &c. (कुडव) A measure of capacity, the sixth
part of a maund, also the fourth of a prastha, or a vessel
four inches in diameter and as many deep, containing
twelve handfuls : in pharmacy, a weight of 82 tolas.
KU DAwAN, Tam. (GOL-6uॐा) A shepherd by caste and oc
cupation.
KUDH I, KooDHEE, (?) H. A family hearth, or a place or
sort of stone where food is dressed.
KUpI, So pronounced, but written like the original Sanscrit
KUTI (कुटि), Tam. (Ot१-), KUpr, KUnf, Mal. (ं6asी,८9asl)
A house, a village, a town : a tribe : an inhabitant, a tenant.
JKudia, koodeal, (?) Mal. A class or caste of slavesin Coorg.
Kuditin, more correctly, JKudi/din, also Kudiydinacam, Mal.
(Coashoprt), ८0ashoopooo-lrt) A cultivator, a Ryoं, a
tenant, one holding temporary occupation of lands or
gardens by the tenure of lease or mortgage, not by here
ditary succession.
kudi-dydhattu, Tam. (C)9-्,u-Gest--G) Total of the
inhabitants of a village or town.
JKudi-chillar, Mal. (coas)-2-]) ३.3fo) Taxes on houses, shops,
huts, tools and implements, and a variety of petty articles,
| formerly lewied in Malabar.
 KUD
_Kudichāri, Tam. (Gyl9-&e*Dh) Division of a village oc
cupied chiefly by matives of Malabar.
Kudi-irippa, or Kudi-yārippa, Mal. (ंasीं2()g-4,
श्ashconfolg-i) Specification in a deed of conveyance of
permission to a temant to reside on the rented or mortgaged
estate, in which case he is entitled to remuneration for
any buildings he may have erected, when his tenancy
ends : dwelling, habitation in general : a garden, an
inclosure.
Kudikk4du, Tam. (Gl9-फैeBrTO) A willage, especially
one amidst cultivated ground.
Kudikalyanam, Mal. (ंasीag99००००) Procession of a
nuptial party to the house of the bridegroom after a
marriage.
kudiketta, Mal. (coaslGeess) Marriage of a slave.
_Kudima, Mal. (coasl2) Tenancy, occupation of an estate
for a season, either under lease or mortgage tenure : dwell
ing on the property of amother.
*udima-nir-karanam, or Kudima-ola-karanam, Mal.
(ंashooºlfoeefo०r००, 6aeaa-fo6ro०) One of the deeds
executed in making ower a proprietary estate in occupancy
as security for a loan : conveying the water (nir) of the
estate by an instrument (karanam), or by one written on
a palm leaf (ola).
Kudimagan, Tam. (C)9-Laecठैी) A willage Servant.
_Kudimarammattu, corruptly, Coodemurumut, Tam. (Gl9--
LaDrthu० ँं), A. ५~~9~) Repairs of the channels of
irrigation on the borders of the fields by the cultivators
themselves.
JKudi mirdsi,Tam.(Gl9-L6)DrrTeºl) Land held in hereditary
right by the willage proprietors, exempt from land-tax.
JKudippadai, Tam. (Gu१-LL-"०००-) Militia.
Kudippaka, Mal. (ंa5lg-4e) A family feud, resentment by
the whole family of a wrong done to a member, or for
his death.
JKudippatta, Mal. (coss)g-!००) Money taken from the
people by gowernment officers without accounting for it.
JKudipati, Mal. (coa5la-lfm) An inhabitant, a householder.
JKudissika, Mal. (ंasीgāla) Arrears of rent or rewenue.
JKudiudram, corruptly Coodercarum,Tam. (C)t१-6urTDia)
The share of the produce which is the right of the in
habitants or of the cultiwators.
JKudioaraca, Mal. (ं6a5ीo-lfoo-) Rewenue from the inha
bitants; receipt : marriage procession : first occupancy of a
new house.
299
KUL
JKadigila, Mal. (coasha-mea) Common country price, go
vernment price for articles of monopoly.
Kudiyanagan, Tam. (Gu9-LLITCoा61-lॐT) An inhabitant,
a townSman.
JKudiyan-kura,Mal. (व्8asी.,prbaa०) The cultivator’s share
of the crop
Kudiyirain-pat, Mal. (coashconfo2a-a9s) Adeed by which
the proprietor transfers any payments made by the tenant
or mortgagee to a third party.
Kudiyiruppu-nattam, Tam. (Gl9-LLh(प्;t.JL- प्र' ँंठta)
Houses and lands occupied by Mirāsidārs free of revenue.
-Mirasukudi,Tam. (LºhDTTGiGu१-) A hereditary inhabitant.
JPayirkudi,Tam.(t-lLL) घैeyl9-) A cultivator, a husbandman.
Sakacdsi-kudi, Tam. (Greh6-IITeºlGl9-) A settled or per
manent inhabitant.
Wanatdrup-kudi, Tam. (Guप्र&g girilg,५}-) A cultivator
who has not a settled or permanent dwelling in the willage.
KUDTHAL, (?) Mar. A garden ill supplied witll water.
KUpUGULU, KU)UG6LU, Karn. (&०*ॐeo, &o*७7 /०९eo)
A sickle, or any instrument for cutting.corn.
KUDUvA, Tel. (ं9ं93), KUDUvU, Karn. (&oॐ०ॐ) A pawn,
a pledge, a mortgage.
KUDURUvATU, Tel., Karn. (s०ॐ७ॐo॰णs&3०) Management
of affairs, settlement of a business.
KUGRAM, Mar. (कुग्राम)
A mean, miserable willage.
KUJAo, Thug- A Thug informer, one who denounces and
extorts money from them.
KUJAvAN, Tam. (Gye 6.4ॐा) A potter.
KUL, H. &c. (A. UK) All, total, entire.
JKulbdb, Mar. (कुलबाब) All the items of a statement or
account
JKul-band-0-bast, H. (--~५99-५४) A complete settlement,
either that of a whole estate by the proprietor, or of a
district by the government.
JKulcha, H. (ं) Capital, stock in trade.
JKalikhtydr, Tel. (s०0३ु”8ं )Entire or sole right.
JKaliama, H. ( e**) Sum total ; total realisable rewenue.
JKallalld, Mar. (कुलकज्ञा, for A. ७% great) A minister
invested with full power, a plenipotentiary.
JKulladmil, H. (U) ०४४) The total or utmost amount of as
sessment at any time : an extinct assessment, of which the
name only exists in the Northern Cirkars.
JKulkdmat, Mar. (कुलकानू, for A. ७*४) All laws and regu
lations, the whole body of the statutes: a term used in official
grants.
 KUL,
JKulkdr’-bhdfr ं, Mar. (बुलकारभारी, from S. कार, affairs, and
भार्, burthen) A minister or functionary invested with
full authority.
JKalralba, H. &c. (&g,४) The whole area or contents of a
willage and its lands. _ families paying revenue direct, an assessment, &c.
Kulupaj, Hindi (बुलुपज, from S. उपज, produced) The
whole produce of a field or village.
JKuligdr, Koolmgdr, H. &c. 9'%) According to, or with, all :
applied especially to the settlement of the assessment with
each individual cultivator, the same as Ryotwar : (perhaps
JKul is here the Sanscrit, not the Arabic, term ; see below).
JKglirdrpatti, or Kiducarpatti, Karn. ($ogणां ९०*०
१०ञ्ळॐ*3ं) An account of the land farmed by each
cultivator severally (see the last). "
KU I.A, wernacularly, KUL, S., but in all the dialects, (कुल),
Mar. (कुल Or कुळ्) A family, a race, a tribe: in the
revenue language of the south it appears to be applied
especially to families, or individual heads of families, pay
ing revenue, and in this sense occurs in various com
pounds, as hereafter specified, unless it be a different word
that is so applied (see Kula, below.)
JKulaclij/uta, S., IBeng. (from च्युत, fallen) Outcaste, discarded
from family or caste.
JKuladecatd, S. &c. (कुलदेवता) A family or domestic deity.
JKaladharma, S. &c. (धम्मै, duty) The peculiar duty or
usage of a family or tribe : the right of a family to cele
brate certain ceremonies.
Kuldichdra, S. &c. (आाचार्, institute) Family usage or
observance.
JKuldichdrya, S. &c. (कुलाचार्यैः) A family priest, one who
conducts the domestic ceremonies of a family ः in Bengal,
a person whose occupation it is to negociate marriages,
as acguainted with the pedigrees of families.
JKuldjaं, or JKu!ji, IBeng. (बूनञ्ज) A family pedigree or
genealogy.
JKulakdfha, Karn. (&Seठाळ००cं) Hereditary occupation.
JKulalekhamam, S. &c. (बुललेखण) A family writing or
record, especially a horoscope of diferent members of a
family.
-kulamarydda, S. &c. (मय्यॆादा, duty) Family duty, usage,
or observance.
JKu!dr'(/, corruptly, Coolaruggee, Mar. (कुळारग) By family,
by families or households severally ः used chiefly in com
position ; as, JKuldrgpatti, a cess or tax per families : also,
collectively, the proprietors or possessors of rights and
800
KUL
properties in a willage, the mºatam-ddrs : it is also applied
to a willage occupied by families holding direct of go
Vernment.
JKal4rgndr, Mar. (कुळारगवार) According to, or with,
JKulghadni, corruptly, JKoolgummee, Mar. (कुळ्पडणी) A record
kept by the willage accountant of the proceedings of each
cultivator for the past year, Shewing the extent and value
of his lands, the portion actually cultivated, the revenue
assessed, and all circumstances connected with his holding
in connexion with the gowernment demands : it forms the
basis of the Ryotwār annual settlement.
JKulijutta, (?) Tel. Lands let to different castes at a low
rent.-Ceded districts.
JKulgutta srotriyam, (?) Tel, ILands let to learned Brah
mams at a low rent.-Ceded districts.
JKulharia, (?) Karn. Chief or head of a tribe or caste.
Kuli, Mar. (कुळी) A family, a tribe, but seldom used
except when speaking of the relationship of parties in
marriage : if of the same JKidi, the marriage is allowable.
JKalika, S. &c. (कुलिक) Of a good family, the head of a
tribe or family.
JKulima, S. &c. (कुलीन) Of a good familyः it is applied
in Bengal especially to designate a class of Brahmans who
take precedence of all other Brahmans, and to whom the
latter are anxious to wed their daughters, a practice lead
ing to much profligacy and distress.
JKaljharti, Mar. (कुलझडती) An account kept by the village
accountant, of the dues and payments of each cultivator.
JKalkaram, Mar. (कुळ्करणं) The office of willage accountant
JKu!karant, commonly, JKulkarnt, corruptly, JKoolkurny,
।
’
JKulkurng/, Koolkurmain, Coolkurn/, &c. Mar. (कुळकरणी) ।
One of the principal willage functionaries under the Paittl,
the willage registrar and accountant, whose duty it is
especially to keep accounts between the cultivators and the
gowernment, as well as those of the willage expenditure :
he has the keeping of all the willage records and papers,
and has lands and perguisites assigned him for his support.
IWdda-kulkarmi, or Desa-kulharmi, Karn. (ज्व्&&So&ंॐह-*
ॐ&Soं२ं—) accountant of a district.
The
Sarde8ahalkarni,Karn. (ं७6ॐ&Se)& $2-) The accountant
of a prowince.
JKidn'ard, (? an error for Kuldrā) Mar, An account kept
with each cultivator severally ; the same as the Kalijhadhi.
KULA, or KUL, corruptly, GULE, Karn. (&S९) A payer
 KUL
of gowernment dues, the IIMil/usdr of Hindustan : a
Guantity of land that may be ploughed in one day by a
single plough : (the word Kula, a family, occurs also in
Karnata, but with a different l (as C99), but whether
this be a. radical difference is doubtful : the same dif
ference is observable in Marathi, Kitla (कुल), meaning
family ; Kula (कुळ्), more properly, a rate-payer : the
diversity is probably only accidental, originating, as usual,
in the want of a fixed standard for spelling in the Indian
languages).
JKalasisht, Karn. (ं) The system of land-revenue
formerly prevailing in Mysore.
JKidacarttame, Karn. (&Sं$ॐ डॆ,ं) The perGuisites of
the willage officers, receiwable from the farmers and those
who pay revenue to the gowernment,
KU!.AM, corruptly, CULLU M, Tam. (ं56rTia) A tank, a re
servoir, especially a large piece of water formed by dam
ming up a valley or hollow between hills into which water
flows amd is there retained.
KULASHAJRA, H. (A. ४,=*४४, from Kulah, a cap worn by
mendicants) Succession to the property of a religious
person or fakfr.
KULAvA, Ku!.vA, Mar. (कुळ्व) A sort of harrow for
smoothing ploughed land.
KULBA, H. (P. &AG) A plough ः in Sylhet, a measure of
land, an area of l008 cubits in length by l44 in breadth.
KULHARf, H. (A9' ं, from )' ं, S. कुच्यार, an axe) A tenure
by which land is held in the Northern Cirkars, or pay
ment of rent at a rate per hatchet for the land which may
be cleared by it in a given time.
KULI, written also, KUZH I, Tam. (C).५ी), Ku RI, Mal.
(coaº) A measure of one sguare foot ः it is also said
to be a measure edual to 24 or 26 ddis, or 22.8 feet,
and is elsewhere considered the same as the gunta of
2छ,600 sguare feet ः it is also said to be an extent of
ground = l44 or छ76 sguare feet ; considerable variety
thus prevailing in its valuation in different places : also,
a pit, a hole in the ground, especially one in which a
cocoa-nut tree is planted ; whence, in Malayalam, it seems
to imply planting trees.
JKalicettu, Tam. (5.५ीG6-lt-6) Earth work, digging at
so much per Kuli, or pit.
Kं LI, CooLEE, Tam. (Grt-60), Mal. (ंP-I)), Karn. (&ऽ-८0)
Tel. (SCण`9), Beng. (छूली), H. (._AG) Daily hire or
wages : a day labourer, a Cool/ : (the word is originally
901
KUM
Tamil, whence it has spread into the other languages : in
Upper India it bears only its second and apparently sub
sidiary meaning : it appears as Caliala/, as the term for
hired labourers, in Tulava.-Buchanan.)
JKitlichcham, Mal. (ं 3-m24०) Land granted rent-free, or
on a low rent, on condition of service.
Willichchahdram, Mal. (ं 3-m24e9-2fort) A military re
tainer or servant, holding land on condition of service.
{{tlicheraham or -sepakam, Mal. (S. ंe-m62-lo-lee०
ंbem6०००-Je6१०) Military service in consideration of
lands rent-free, or held at a Guit-rent.
JKitli/dr, Karn. ( 9९7रव्d) A labourer, a hireling.
K4li-poddm, (?) H. Personal services exacted from the
peasantry.-Kamaon.
JKa:Wika, Karn. (&ऽ०98) A day labourer.
JKitlikaram, Mal. Tam. (gु3-meexport) A day labourer.
JKalirela, Mal. (ं e-0ि6०-lea) Daily labour or hire.
JKilli/al, Tam. (Gr-6ंीLLIT6*T), Kitli/dla, Karn.
(&ऽश्0०ऽऽब्%०) A workman, a labourer, a hireling.
KULI, KooLEE, (?) Mar. Land held at a progressively in
creasing assessment.
KULUMP, KOLU ME, Karn. (&Se७ ँ७, ठै०९७:ं७) A furnace,
a forge.
JKulumnejutta, Karn. (&Seoं9x० 6) A tax on forges.
JKulumekanddyam, Karn. (*०९७ँ०८ऽळ०ऽ००) A tax on
blacksmiths, sometimes received in iron.
KUt.Usfl, Tam. (OGDL) A sluice.
KUMARA, vernacularly, KUNwAR, or KUAR, vulgarly, Coot R,
S. &c. (कुमार) A youth, a young boy, a prince.
JKumndri, vernacularly, JKunicar, S. &c. (कुमारी) A young
girl, a princess : a name of the goddess Durgā, as a maiden.
to whom a temple dedicated at the extremity of the peninsula
has long given to the adjacent cape and coast the name of
JKumdri, corrupted to Commorin.
KU MARI, or KU MARI, Karn. (&ऽ०ऽव्e, &ऽ3oe) Cultiva
tion of high and wooded Jands after clearing them.
JKumdri-mardt{{, Karn. (&००००००ां) A caste of
Marathi origin, in Mysore, employed in clearing and cul
tivating high and wooded lands.
KEMBHA, S. (कुम्भ:) A water-jar : the sign Aguariusः a
measure of grain edual to twenty dronds, or little more
than three bushels and three gallons : in GuZerat it is a
land measure, a sgttare of ten hamas or ganthas on each
side = 8 roods 89.422 perches, or 404] stuare yards,
IWambhahira, S. (कुम्भकार:), Konblidr, Mar. (दुंभार),
4 ।।
 KUM
JKumhdr, H. (,५*ं) Kumdr, Beng. (कूष्ठझि), Kumbhdr,
JKumbdr, Kummdr, Kumbhak4r, Karn.( ०६ग्व्)ं),Kan
mari, or Kummaracttdu, Tel. (93३०) A potter, a
maker of earthen vessels and pottery ; also, sometimes,
of bricks and tiles : as one of the willage servants he makes
water-pots for the villagers, and brings water for travellers
and for the principal willage officers.
Kambharajagi, Mar. (कुंभारघणी) In some places, the refuse
sugar cane after the juice has been expressed, the per
guisite of the potter of the willage.
JKumbhdrjundi, Karn. (&S०६ऽब्&%००) A tax on the
clay used by potters.
JKumbhdr-hham, Mar. (कुंभारखण) A tax on potters’ clay.
JKumbhdrkri/d, Mar. (S. fक्रया) The funeral rites of a
Sttdra, properly conducted by a potter.
KUMBHUMr, Gu2. ( %’लु”) A land measure, about a bighit
and a half of GuZerat.
KU M MATTA, Mal. (co32225) Insertion of the amount of a
bond, &c., in figures, by the person who signs it.
KUN, KooN, (?) Mar. Tillage, agriculture : lands granted
in fee for military service : (the word is of doubtful accuracy,
or it might be the root of the following)
JKumb{, pron. Kuinbi, less correctly, Coomb/, Coombee, H.
(S. Uं) Mar. (कुणवी), also Mar, Kalamb{, (कुळेबी),
JKanii, and Kalmi, GuZ. (%utv[l, %&tब{l) The name
of the chief agricultural caste in central, western, and
Southern India, whence it sometimes means a husbandman,
a peasant, or cultivator in general : the Kunbis claim to
represent the pure Sttdras of the Hindu system ः they are
for the most part an industrious and respectable race,
and, amongst the Marathas, reckoned the Raja of Satara,
and other descendants of Sivaji, amongst their caste : they
are subdivided into an infinite number of classes, many
of whom do not eat together, or intermarry.
Kuabad,Mar. (कुणबाज) Fit for, or appropriate to, a Kunbi,
rustic, rude.
JKunbdic4, Mar. (कुणबावा) The business of a Kunbt; agri
cultural labour in general : land held in perpetual oc
cupancy, under acknowledgment and payment of rent to
government : also such a tenure, and the rent paid.
JKunbin, Mar. (कुणवीण) The wife of a Kunbf, a woman
of the agricultural caste : a female slave.
JKaigbā-hiseb, Mar. (कुणवी हिशेव) Rustic computation, cal
culating by rude methods, as with pebbles, by the fingers,
and the like.
302
KUN
KUNAGA, KUNGA, Mar. (कुणगा) A sum of money, or some
item of common property, secreted by one of the sharers,
and kept back from partition.
JKumagekari, Mar. (कुणगेकरी) A shareholder of a common
stock, who, upon a division, fraudulently keeps back a
portion.
Kt NCH, KUNCHA, H. (S. ं,%) The seed of the Abrus pre
catorius, used as a jew ºilers’ and goldsmiths’ weight: see
Gunja. _
KUNCHAM U, Tel. ($००ॐ ँ००) A measure of capacity,
reckoned in some places edual to a cluitdnk, or #th of a
sdr; in others to 8ं &drs; in others to 8 and to I4 sdrs.
KUNCHITAGAR, Karn. (&S०aं67रब्&) A tribe of agricul
turists in Mysore pretending to be pure Sttdras.
KUNp, or KUN R, Beng. (ह*७) A small fen or morass, a
piece of ground fit for the growth of rice.
KUNDA, vernacularly, KUND, commonly, COOND, S. &c. (कुंड)
A pit, a hollow, a shallow pit or pan in which sacrificial
fire is lighted, a fire-altar : a sGuare pool or basin of water,
especially if it possesses a higher temperature than the air,
and has medicinal properties, when it is held sacred, as the
Sita kund, mear Monghir : the term is also applied to any
natural basin in which the water that falls from surround
ing heights is collected, forming the source of a river, as
the Brahma-kund, at the head of the Brahmaputra river :
also to a temporary and artificial well or reservoir for
irrigation.
JKundurai, (?) Karn. An outlet from a reservoir, for irrigation.
JKarkund, Hindi (कुडङ्कुंड) A deep hole in the bed of a
water-course, one in which the water remains when the
bed is dry.
KUNDA, Beng. (बू’ज्) The inner part of the husk of rice
which adheres to the grain after the first cleaning.
KUNDA, Beng. (दूम) A lathe.
Kundakar, Beng. (दूमहत) A turner.
KUNDA, S. &c. (कुंड:) The child of a woman whose husband
is living, by another man.
JKundagolak, Mar. (कुंडगोलक) The name of a caste, or of
a member of it, said to be the adulterous offspring of a
Brahman and Brahmanf, but it is applied to Brahmans of
a low order : (properly speaking, the words Kunda and
Golaka are distinct, the first being a bastard, the second,
the child of a widow).
KUNDI, Beng. Uriya (दू*जी) A vessel: in Cuttack it especially
means a vessel in which brine is evaporated.
 KUN
KUNE, KUNI, Karn. (ंज्-णं, &ऽ-०:०, from the P. Gumal।,
५. w) A fault, a crime.
JKitmegar, Karn. ( त्र्र-7त्ळॐ A culprit, a criminal ; the
vernacular corruption of Gumahg4r, ५. w.)
KUNJ RA, H. &c. (]-*, कंजरा) The name of a caste whose
occupation is selling wegetables.
KUNR-BoJI, or KUNR-MANDLA, H. (L•ी-***ः "ं७ं) The
day on which sowing is concluded in Benares and the
Doab ; the first term implies the filling of furrows (kumr),
the second the closing of them : it is observed as a holi
day, and the residue of the seed-corn is made into a cake,
which is partaken of in the field, and in part distributed
to Brahmans and beggars. Mr. Elliot adwerts to a similar
practice once observed in England.
KUNTA, Tel. (४००&ऽां) A land measure, according to one
statement =1089 sguare feet, to another to 19,000, or
the 92d part of a hatti.
KUNTAN, Mar. (कंटण) A pander, a pimp, a caste said to be
sprung from a Waisya father and a Brahman mother, whose
office is attendance on the women's apartments, and pro
viding dancing-girls and courtesans.
KUNTE, Karn. (&ऽ० ८) A machine for levelling ploughed
land, also for weeding : the web beam of a loom.
KUNTIGE, Karn. (CO०87रं) A sowing machine, a sort of tube
or fumnelattached to the plough through which the seedruns.
KUN wAR, vermacular corruption of KUMAR, and KU MARf,
५. v. H. 9xं) A youth, a prince, a princess; the deity
JKartiheya, and thence applied to the month held sacred
to him, JKdrtih (Oct.-Now.)
KU PPA, Tel. (ं93), KUPPAI, Tam. (GJ-60) A heap,
a heap or stack of grain : one of filth, a dunghill.
JKuppa-amchama, Tel. (93७० ँं) Estimate of the pro
duce of a field taken from the grain when stacked.
JKappa.jdbtid, Tel. (s93श्चांशं) A list of grain stacks,
shewing which belong to each cultivator.
JKuppa-kattu, Tel. (ं) An allowance ofgrain from
the general heap or stack given to the willage servants.
KUPPAM, Tam. (OL-t) Tel. (ंॐ००) A small willage,
one occupied by low people.
Kuppadam, Tam. (Gul-n-t) A portion of the produce
of the taxable land in a village, payable to the Mirāsidār
after the grain is threshed.
JKuppakhddu,Tam. (GJ-GeBrTG) A number of willages.
KUR, Mal. (ं23O) A class, a party ; the people of Malabar,
from the Rajas and Brahmans to the lowest races, are
808
KUR.
divided into classes, the Checara-kair, the fighting or
ruling class, and the Panniyur-katr, the civil and labour
ing class : their usages differ materially, and the distinc
tions are carefully preserved.
KURA, H. 0% कूडा) Soil, filth, manure.
Kt RA, Beng. (कूज्) A bighā, a measure of land.
JKurdhaili, IBeng. (डूञ्जोरुोनी) Working a sum in land mea
sure and giving the result in b{//hyis.
Kºnxoi, Kijitroi,or Kºnoi, Karn(ंग’ॐ९, &ण”ex) A
drill plough, a sowing apparatus attached to a plough.
KURAH, H. (A. Ae,ं) Divination by casting lots, wagers, lot
teries, chance passages in books, &c.
JKurdh-amd42,H.(9loG), who throws)Acaster or drawerofalot.
KURAL, Kt RU, Tam. (Gr-p60, Gr-pp) A public notice, a
proclamation.
KURAM, (?) Mar, Grass or pasture land.
KURAMBA, Karn. (COG००) A shepherd by caste and oc
cupation, he is also a weaver of coarse woollens.
KURAMBU, Tam. (GDrtat-) A water-course, leading from
a river, for irrigation.
KURAMULAI, Tam. (C)Dr(५००००6IT) First appearance of the
crop above ground.
KURAN, commonly, but incorrectly, KORAN, and Co RAN,
(A. ७)*) The sacred book of the Mohammadans, the
Supposed rewelations made to Mohammad, and delivered
by him orally, collected and committed to writing by the
khalif O'MAR.
JKuranā-malld, H. ("९._'P) A Mohammadan officer who
administers oaths taken on the Kurān.
KURAWA, or KUDAWA, corruptly, CODUMBON, and KoODUP,
S. &c. (कुडव) A measure of capacity. See Kadaca.
KURBAN, H. (A. ७५P) A sacrifice, a wictim.
74-ul-4arban. H. (A. ७५', 'AAe) A festival observed by the
Mohammadans on the I0th of Zulhiija, when animals are
sacrificed in commemoration of the sacrifice of Abraham.
KURGf, Mar. (बुरगी) A measure of land, as much as may
be ploughed and sown in one day with a pair of bullocks
and a drill plough ; the extent waries from about two to
about eight acres ; the average is said to be about five.
KURH, H. (४9*) A circular inclosure, in which a pile of wood
was constructed, and an old woman placed in the area to
be burnt alive by Brahmans in the event of any govern
ment officer attempting to put them under restraint, the
conseguences of the crime being supposed to devolve upon
those whose oppression had driwen the Brahmans to per
 KUR
petrate it ः the practice was prohibited by the British go
vernment, and is now mever heard of
KURHAp, Mar. (बुन्हाड) A hatchet, an axe.
JKarhddi.jamin, Mar. (P. ७*9) Land on steep acclivities
which cannot be ploughed, and which is cleared and dug
up with a kind of hatchet, or, rather, a sort of hoe.
KUtti, or KU )f, (?) H. A hearth, a fire-place, a tax levied
on one. See Chaubdichha.
KURI, Karn. (&Se) ALsheep.
JKurihdinije, Karm. ( ०ठाळं7ं)A tax on sheep.
JKuraba, Kuruba, Karn. (&०ऽ०, &S४७०) A shepherd by
caste and occupation, one who tends sheep : he is also a
manufacturer of coarse woollens : also JKuramba, ५. w.
KURI, Tam. (C)p) A mark, a stamp.
JKurimdsam, Tam. (C)pठीGLarreta) A fraudulent mark
put upon a stack ofgrain after some has been clandestinely
remowed.
KURI, Mal. (Coa५?) A pit, a hole, a grave : a hole in the
ground for planting cocoa-nut and other garden trees, a
measure of one sguare foot. See Kuli.
JKurikanam, Mal. (c9agºneexpo००) Compensation allowed
for the value of trees planted, or other improvements made
by the tenant or mortgagee on relinguishing possession :
on the other hand, a deduction from the money deposited
or lent to cower injury or dilapidations ः a lease or
mortgage on such conditions. See Kdmajn.
JKurikdrdyma, Mal. (ं6aंीं669(op७g) Tenure of an estate
or gardens, by which the tenant holds under con
dition of being reimbursed for improwement, and of com
pensating for dilapidations.
JKurikttr, also read Kuyiktir,(?) Mal. Tenureunder which com
Pensation for improvements and dilapidations is stipulated.
Kuricild, Mal. (ंश्aºlo-hea) Walue of planted trees allowed
for to a tenant on his giving up his lease.
KURI, Mal. (cºaं?) A club; an association in which a number
of persons contribute monthly for a given term a certain
Sum or ५uantity of grain each ; at the end of the term
a lottery takes place, and the whole accumulation becomes
the priZe of one of the contributors ः (perhaps derived from
the A. kurdh, ५. w.)
/ ५:?* or Ku!!i, Mal. (cos०Gl) The principal or manager
of a club. _
Kt ttr, (?) H. A measure of capacity for grain.-JMidnapur.
KURIPPA, Mal. (cºscºlº-!) A tnemorandum, an item, an
article of account.
804
KUR.
JKarippati, Mal. (ººg-is) A written memorandum,
a nOte.
JKurippanam, Mal. (c6ac?" g–,०००) Money paid into a club
or association.
Kt Rk, KooRK, corruptly, CRooK, H. (A. JP) KORA K,
Beng. and Uriya (८कiद्ादं), Ki RAKU, Karn. (ठै&ण्ठ् )
Se५uestration, confiscation, seiZure of goods, attachment,
distraint for debt, or for arrears of public revenue. Beng.
Reg. xvii. I708 ; xlv. I70छ ; vii. I790. Madras Reg.
xxwiii. I802 ; v. I822. Bombay Reg. xvii. l827.
JKurk-amin, H. (७*•'GP) An officer of the court employed
to attach a property and realise the proceeds.
JKoraliddr, IBeng. (८कोहकम्ोद्भ) A bailiff a sherifr’s officer,
* an officer of court who attaches or distrains goods and
property for debt, &c.
Jur/ं, H. (_ं) Attached, seduestrated, distrained, under
attachment T
_ Jंurki-parrodna, H. (P. *"9:, an order) A warrant of at
tachment. _
JKorakf, Beng. (८होद्भदी) Ordering or authorising an at
tachment.
JKorak-khalds, Uriya (SG|9.११lR|६) Replewin, release of
attachment. (Kurk-khalas, might be used in Hindustani
for the same)
Kurk-mahail, H. (J=*७9) An estate under attachment.
Kur!-sasdral, II. (J);~CA) An officer appointed to at
tach and hold an estate, and realise arrears of rent or
revenue, or to distrain goods for debt; a bailiff, a sherifl's
officer.
JKurk-tahsil, H. (O9-2=) Collection of the revenue of an
estate which has fallen into arrear, and from which the
proprietors are nominally set aside by the mative officers
of the revenue : the same as Khdin-fallsfl.
KURMi, KooRMEE, (H. cs’9*ः कुमी) The caste of agricul
turists, or a member of it, in eastern and central Hindustan,
being the same, essentially, as the JKumbis of the west and
south. In Hindustan the kurmis are said to have seven
chief subdivisions, who do not eat together or intermarry :
of these, the Kharibind and Patanya abound in the
central IDoab and Oudh ; the Ghorchara, are more to the
west; the Jaisrrdr, in Sagar and Bundelkhand ; the Ka
?uagjia in the lower tracts of the Doab ; the Kercat to the
east of Benares; and the Jhunia west of the upper Jumna :
there are very many other branches in the west and north
west provinces, and in Bhagalpur and Bahar : they are
 KUR,
not unfreduently found as predial slaves, having sold them
selves, or been sold in their infancy, to servitude.
JKarmiat, (?) H. Tract of cultivable land of the Bhair or
mixed soil in the north-west prowinces.
KURPHA, (?) Beng. A cultivator who rents his land from a
JKhaid-hdsht Ryot. (Perhaps from Khurpd, a sort of hoe.)
KURsi, H. (A. …’०,*) A chair, a throne.
Karsi-ndma, Hः (P. &०७, a document)A pedigree, a genealo
gical tree.
KURUBA, Karn. (&S&७०) A shepherd by caste and occu
pation, and who also makes woollen cloths or blankets.
JKurumban, Tam. (डॆgpita-cठैी) A shepherd by caste and
occupation ः Mal. (plur. JKurumbar) A class of predial
slaves in Malabar.
-IIdla-kuruba, Karm. (व्ठळ०&७४००) One of the shepherd
caste which does not make blankets.
IIdiad6-kuruba, Karn. (व्ठ००&&9४००) A shepherd of a
higher order or caste.
JMंsa-kuruba, Karn. (ं७९७&४७०) A shepherd of am in
ferior order or caste.
KURUMBoRAI, Tam. ( ॐppltaGl-nTCOPp) A hill, a moun
tain, a forest, a willage in a hilly country.
KURUxGoL,Tam. (C)pp] r GerT60) A measureoftwo cubits, ||
KURUNI, Tel. (ं9ं9ं)), Tam. (C)gpl०ठष्ठी) A measure of ।
capacity, the same as the Marakdl ः in Tam. also a term
used in computation as egual to a twelfth of a halam.
KURUCHCHIWAN,or KURUMAN,Mal. (coa०24lourt), coa०2rt)
A class of people inhabiting the hills in Wynfid.
Kt sA, or Kts, Mar. (कूस) A falsity in an account, an over
charge on money expended, or undercharge of money re
ceived ; any undue gain generally in managing for another.
KUgA, usually pronounced KUSH, or KUSHA, S. &c. (कुशः)
A kind of grass, esteemed holy from its being used in
religious ceremonies, being strewed upon the altar or held
by the Brahmans in their hands whilst repeating the for
mulae (Poa cynosuroides),
Kasarpitti, vernacularly, Kusbritti, S. &c. (कुशावृति) lit.
Maintemance by or through Kusa-grass, but in the west
of Bengal, am under tenure, land granted at a Guit-rent, or
rent-free, for the support of a Brahman or religious person ; | KUTTAI.Af,
land given ः in Kamaon, the absolute gift of land to a । KUTTAM, Mal. (c6as०) An assembly, an assemblage : a cluster
Brahman at an eclipse, or on some solemn occasion.
KUsiDA, S. &c. (कुसीद) Lending money at interest, usury ; | JKuttala, Mal. (c0a302-4 , from S. आालय) Place where the
also a money-lender, a usurer.
Kusts-kAnA or vApu, Tel. (ं9७२ंशं, श्9०२~ण`ॐo)
806
KUT
A cook, a confectioner ; lit., a man of the kitchen (from
the Fr. cuisine).
KUSIVI, Karn. (&ं७२) The safflower plant, also its dry
leaves. See Kusumbha.
KUSTI, or KASTf, GuZ. (%*tell, %*t०{l) A cord or thread
worn by the Parsis round the waist as a religious ornament.
KUSUMBHA, vernacularly, KUSUM, S. &c. (कुसुम्भः, कुमुम, “ं)
KUSUMBA, Mar. (कुमुंबा) The safllower plant (Carthamus
tinitorius), the dried flowers of which are used in making
a red dye : also the flowers So dried, or the dye ; also an in
fusion ofhemp tops,or ofopium, as an intoxicating beverage.
KGr, KooT, H. (५-*, कूत) Estimate, valuation, applied
especially to an estimate of the proceeds of a field or farm
by appraisement of the standing crop : in Garhwal, it
implies the share of the produce paid in kind by the cul
tivator to the headman or proprietor.
KUT, Thug. Theft amongst the Thugs themselves, pilfering
some of the booty.
Kt TA, S. (कूट) False, fraudulent.
_Kurrd, pron. Ku८!a-ndri, Mal. (c0a००opºl) A short or
fraudulent ndra measure.
JKitmahal, Beng. (कॄणानि) Amount of revenue formerly
levied in some places on vendors of spirituous liduors.
JKittsankrdnti, IBeng. (फूज“ऊ’डि) The entrance of the sun
| into a new sign on the Blst day from the preceding, a
false conjunction.
| KUTI, KUri, S. &c. (कुटि, कुटी) A small house or cottage,
a hut. Beng. (कूढेी) Any large building, as a bank, a
court-house, a European residence.
JKutichara, S. (कुटीचर:) A man who makes ower his pro
perty to his kindred, and devotes himself to a religious life,
but continues to reside at home.
KUयूTADAN, Mal. (ं0a3?srt) Rice planted in the spring
(Feb.-April) and ripening in the ensuing cold season.
KUTTAI, Tam. (C)t-copt-) A small tank or pond.
KUTTAKA, or KUTTATA, Mal. (c0a(Joce, c0a(orofo), KUTrA
KAI, Tam. (ट्ठंठ&ुe) Farm, contract, rent, tenure.
JKattalahdran, Mal, Tam. (ं0a(orocescoport) A farmer,
a contractor, a renter.
Tam. (ंठंpºo) Rice growing on high ground.
| of houses, a small town or willage.
property of a temple is kept, and its affairs are managed,
a chapter house.
4 ॥
 KUT
JKa{{dri, Mal. (c9as0५?) Money subscribed to temples by
the people.
Kuppi, written KUppr, Mal. (c0a०cºl) A log of timber, a
tree, a post : a measure, a sort of pdral : a cask or hogs
head: a small fort : an inhabitant, &c.
JKut/ikdnam, Mal. (ं6a०dºleepo००) A fee claimable by
the owner of a plantation for every tree cut down on it
by the renter or occupant : price given for a tree, to the
owner before it is cut dowm.
Kuttihanakola, Mal. (c6a००)cesee:Co6)cexpea) A register on
palm leaves of a proprietor's deeds or mortgages, a list
of his temants, amount of his rents, &c.
JKuttinella, Mal. (ंa०6l6)roge) An allowance in grain
made by proprietors to their tenants for keeping up the
fences and inclosure of an estate.
JKu{{{piti, Mal. (e9a०dºlo-msh) Petty merchandise.
Kattipitildram, Mal. (cea०Gho-mshee,0fort) A petty dealer,
one trading with borrowed capital.
Kattirdsi, Mal. (८9a०Gºlo-10०a) Balance or arrears of
revenue due by individuals.
Kt यू'Tf RIPPA, Mal. (ं)0g–।) Living with a gueen or
princess as her husband.
KUTTU KAI., Tam. (ट्ठँ८ट्झर्ल्) A stone set upright as a
boundary mark or a buttress.
। KUTTU KACHCHAwATAM, Mal. (ं23३०b24o- s०) Joint trade,
partnership. _ there is none : the act of relinguishment.
JKitttahdram, Mal. (ंb३ce-port) A partner, an associate.
_Kittukrushi,Mal.(ं३gree) Jointagriculture,ahusbandry.
KUTUst BA, vernacularly KUTUSr, S. &c. (कुटुम्ब, कुटुम, ,ं)
Family, race, kindred, also a kinsman.
JKutumba- written,Kudumba-kdram,Mal. (c0aC9C2-Jeexport) A
householder, akinsman by descent, a connexion by marriage.
JKutumb{, S. (कुटुम्बी), Kutumi, H. (.*ं) A householder,
the head of a family.
Kutambam,written,Kudumbam,Mal. (*Cgo०-०) A measure
of capacity, a mdr{, one fourth of an edangali.
Kt wr KUR,(?) Mal. Adeed oftransfer of ancestral property (?):
tenure on condition of compensation for improvements or
dilapidations.
L
LABBA, Thug. A bullock.
LABDAR, H. 99ं, लबदार) Mud, thick mud formed by wator
flooding a stiff soil.
806
LAG
LABDHA, S. &c. (लन्ध) Gained, acguired.
JLabdhad48a, S. (from दासः, a slave) A slave received as a
gift or transfer.
JDabdhaputra, S. (पुच, a son) A son gained or received,
one adopted.
LABHA, S. &c. (लाभ:) Gain, acguirement, profit.
JDdiblidlaibha, S. &c. (लाभालाभ) Profit and loss, gain and
diminution.
JDdbhamu-ddsili, Tel. (e)ं6ं७७ ँ&o9) A small portion
from each heap of grain considered to be the perguisite
of the cultivator (from d6sili, two handfuls).
Libhanasta, Karn. (S. Cणवंॐ.) Profit and loss.
Labhistu, Karn. (Cणवं) Proved, verified.
LAbhica, GuZ. (*tuGrt०tu) Casting lots for dividing the
produce of a field.
LABI, H. (.*) The juice of the sugar-cane when boiling.
LABI, LUBEE, or LUBBEE, (?) A name applied at Madras
to the Mapilas or descendants of the Arab colonists in
Malabar. (The origin of the word seems doubtful)
LA-CHAR, H. 9५-", from the A. neg. prefix }, no, not, and
P. chdra,help) Helpless,destitute, without excuse or remedy.
Jdchdragं, H. (Uं%५-!) Helplessness, destitution.
LA-DAwA, H. (be)) Remediless, irremediable.
J6-ddn'd or L4-ddici, H. (A. bee), ८.*e}) A deed of re
linguishment, a deed foregoing a claim, or admitting that
LAD'HNA, Thug. To strangle.
LADHKA, Thug. Coarse Sugar.
I.ADOHAR, Thug. Killing.
LADDU, H. ७ऽं, लङ्क) A sort of sweetmeat of sugar and
COcOa-nut shreddād, mixed up with curdled milk into large
balls. _
LADTHAp, or LAETHAR, Mar. (लडयड) A disputed matter,
litigation concerning a subject in dispute.
LAG, H. &c, (५-५, from S. लग, to be joined to) To, near
to, until, as far as ; (used in various modified and derivative
forms to express contiguity and connexion).
Jºd0, Mar. (लाग) Connexion, continuity in general,
JDa00d, H. (t.J) Aflection, attachment : a pole used for push
ing on a boat.
Lija,Hindi(लाग) Ameasuring-rod for land measure, Sce Lar.
JDa/tin, H. (७५) A place at which a boat may lie to or
be fastened to the shore : stopping or halting a boat.
-/,a0am, Lig/um, Mar. (लगन) Marriage, espousals.
Jog% or Ladji, Lugee, Luggee, Beng. (ली), H. (ंJ) A
 LAG
pole, especially one used for punting or pushing boats
along or off shore : in Mar. (लगी) A pole with a small
flag, carried in processions.
Lagnd,S. &c., sometimes wernacularly also Da0am, or Dugum,
(लग्न, न?ीन्म, ७%) The rising of a sign of the Zodiac above
the horiZon, a sign at the time of its rising, or the moment
of the sun's entrance into a sign or division of the eduator,
astrologically considered as the indicator of good or evil,
or as the favourable or unfavourable moment for observing
ceremonies or occurrences, for holding festivals, and the
like ः hence it is applied to any season of rejoicing, as a
marriage, a festival ; and in Mar. is commonly used for
marriage, matrimony, or a marriage, a wedding.
ILag/ma//hatihd, Mar. (लग्नघटिका) The hour declared to be
fawourable for investiture with the sacred cord or for the
commencement of the marriage ceremony.
Zag/ma- or Daganchitं, or chithं, Mar. (लग्नबिटी -बिठी)
A paper formerly granted by the government to persons
of the inferior castes permitting them to marry, a marriage
licence ; a paper furnished by the astrologer, declaring
the time for the completion of the marriage ceremony :
an inwitation to a wedding.
Jajna patra, or patrikd, IBeng. Mar. (from S. पञ्च , a leaf)
The written announcement of the lucky moment for a mar
riage ceremony ः among the Marathas the document is
worshipped before the ceremony commences.
Jagma- or Lagamtakd, Mar. (लगनटका) A fee for permis
sion to marry.
ILag/maha, Beng. (S. नंदं) A bondsman, a surety.
JLagmakagraham, Beng. (S. नंहिधश्) Admitting or accept
ing as bail or Security.
IAGAN,or DAGAI, H. (७५्, .*५) The rent or revenue charged
on a field or estate.
Dagaingdld, (?) A cultivator engaging to pay direct revenue
to gowernment for a term of years on receiving an advance
for the materials of husbandry, to be repaid without interest
at fixed intervals of his lease.
IAGHA, Thug. A grave-digger.
Jaghai, Thug. The office of grave-digger.
ILaghanta, Thug. Dead bodies of the victims.
IAdfr, Beng. (लंीउ) Location of a Ryot; appropriation
of land to a temant (Chittagong) : adjacent, contiguous.
IAdrrl, Tel. (०?\9) Making advances of cash to a Ryot,
or supplying him with cattle, seed-corn, &c.
LAGwAp, Mar. (लागवड) Agricultural operations preliminary
807 *
LAH
to sowing ; cultivated ground: expense of bringing land
into cultivation, repairing decayed houses, willages, &c.
JDdgl40mrad, Mar. (लागलागवड) Agricultural operations, in
clusive of sowing.
Jdjmcan,(लागवण) The operations of ploughing and sowing,
also of planting trees ; also one of the willage accounts,
shewing the total assessment, and by whom to be paid.
I.AGTA, or DAGTf, H. (Gं, .*) Assessment or stipulated
rent of land.
Jagtimr4r, H. (9'ं) An account kept by the willage
accountant of each cultivator’s lands, rent, and produce,
distinguished according to the spring and autumn crops.
LAGTA, or I.AGATA, Mar. (लगता) Connexion, proximity of
persons, things, or places : a contiguous tract or country.
JDagtdjaib, Mar. (लगताजाब) A letter of adwice attached to
the draft or bill, ora motice ofit written within the envelope.
। 72agtdlākhotd, or Lagatldlahot6, Mar. (लगतालाखोटा, लगत
लाखोटा) A letter containing advice of a bill or draft folded
up and attached to the bill ; a letter without an envelope,
the superscription being on the same sheet.
LAGULioADU, Karn. (oद्धx०97ज्ठंC) Compensation for
damages : a recompense.
LAHAD, H. (A. o-!) A niche in the side of a sepulchre in
which dead bodies are deposited, a place where the dead are
washed, a grave. _
JDahad-Uharma, Finally filling up the grave of a deceased
person, a ceremony performed on the 80th day after in
terment.
LAHANA, or LAHNA, corruptly, LUNAH, H. (Uं) An outstand
ing debt or balance.
JDahand bdiki, Uriya (R६४॥a|६) Outstanding balance ;
excess of advance.
Jahaile, Mar. (लहणे) Cash or a draft sent to mect a bill
drawn upon a merchant or banker who has no other funds
on behalf of the drawer.
JDahamthandं, Mar. (लड्णोर्हुडी) A bill taken up by a mer
chant from another who has funds in his hands to meet
a bill drawn upon the former by one who has no funds
in his hands, but has in the possession of the latter.
LAHARIWA, (?) A caste ofagricultural Brahmans in the north
west provinces.
LAHARf, Mar. (लहारी) A coin egual to three anas ; the
। value of three anas.
IAHi, Mar. (लाही) Parched rice ; swollen or puffed .out by
slightly scorching.
 LAH
IAHLHI, H. (*#; लहल्ही)
Mud, thick or stiff mud.
LAHoRi-NIMAk, H. (from ५4-५G, salt) Lahore salt, rock or
fossil salt, of which there are three deposits in the Panjab.
IAHTAR, Thug- A dagger.
LArk, H. &c. (A. Jं) Worthy of fit for, suited to, &c.
Jaikabad, H. (e५.Gं) A place or country fit for culti
vation and population.
Daikbanjar, H. (Asa.GJ) Waste land fit for tillage.
JDaikparia, Uriya (R२१99al) Fallow land fit for cul
tiwation.
-724ik-patit, H.(७-५Jं) Fallow land capable of cultiwation.
Laik-2amin, H. (J2-9Jं) Cultivable land.
JLidhat, H. (A. ५-G५) Fitness, ability, capability, suit
ableness. _
LAIIAT UL kADIR, H. (A. Aं' ं) The might of power ;
the 27th night of Ram2an, when it is said the Kuran de
scended from heaven, and which is observed with much
reverence by the Mohammadans of India.
Lailat ul miraj, H. (A. श्-)*'ं) The night of Moham
med’s ascent to heaven.
LAJA, H. &c. (५-}) Rice parched in the husk.
LAkAP, LUKUB,pl, ALKAP.H. (A.५~～', '--'्) Atitle,titles.
LAkALAM-BAKI, H. (A. A!ं}, without a word, indisputable,
and ॰*; remainder) Undisputed balance of an account,
or of rent or revenue.
LAkHAT, Gu2. (S. &tNºt०t) A writing, a written document,
a deed.
ILakhtang, Gu2. (&tvt०1०२u) Writer, the writer, a term
used in papers to denote the person who writes or ad
dresses them.
JLakhug, Lakhupardhu, Gu८. (‘ंNºt०, &t५५२ं) A on the full-moon of
writing, a document.
LA KHIRAJ, vernacularly, sometimes, LA KHARAJ, corruptly,
LA KERAGE, LACKIRAZ, &c. (A. श्ट',*-", from }, not, and
ह्]*-, tribute) Rent-free land, applied to land exempted
for some particular reason from paying any part of the
produce to the state. Beng. Reg. xix, xxxvii, I798 ; wii.
1822. Madras Reg. xxv. xxxi, 1802. Bom. Reg. xvii.
1827 ; wi. l883.
/,d/tluirt.j-ddr, H.(P.)'e ,whohas) A holder of rent-free lands.
JLakhardji-blutmi, Tel. Karn. (e)eaS०’a3ं७७२) Land
exempt from paying rewenue to the state.
JLakhiraj-2amin, H. (P. ७*9॥ land) Alienated or revenue
exempted land.
LAkHo'A, or LAkHoTA, Mar. (लखोटा, लाखोटा) A sealed
808
LAM
_७. _७.
letter, a bundle of papers sticking together, GuZ. (&t`*tt८t)
The envelope ofa letter, the silk bag in which it is inclosed.
LAKIR, Thug. A religious mendicant, a fakir.
I.AkfT, H. (--~ं) In Mohammadan law, a foundling ः it is
considered meritorious to take charge of a deserted child,
and the finder becomes its guardian, but cannot make it
a slave ; the state is bound to prowide for those foundlings
of whom mo charitable individual takes charge.
LAksHA, S. (लघ), but current in all dialects, sometimes modi
fied as LAK, or more commonly, LA KH, H. (--'J, ॰ं}),
LA KSHA, or LA KH, or in compounds, LA KH, Mar. (लघवः,
लाख) A hundred-thousand ; a Lac, or Likh, commonly,
though not exclusively, applied to coin, as a Lakh of
rupees, I00,000 rupees, or, at 2s. the rupee, $10,000.
LA KsHA, S. (लाघवा), commonly LAC, or IACK, vernacularly,
IAkH, H. (- ँ}), Mar. (लाख), or LA K, Karn. (ध्णa&)
An insect which constructs its nest in numerous small '
cells of a resinous substance known in common as shell
lac, and used for Sealing letters, &c. : the insect itself ftur
nishes a red dye known as Lac ः (from laksha, I00,000, in
reference to the number of insects in a nest.
IA KSHANA, pronounced LA KsHAN, or LAKHAN,S. &c. (लघण)
A mark, a distinguishing or characteristic sign or token.
IA KSHIMAN SINGH, Thug- Term used by the scouts to in
timate the approach of danger ; properly, a name of an
indiwidual.
JDakshmi, corruptly, Lukmi, ILukhee, Luarimee, S. &c. (लष्मी)
The wife of Wishau', and goddess of wealth and prosperity.
Lakshmā-edr, or bdr, S. &c. (लष्मीवार) Thursday.
(छष्मीपूजा) The worship of Lakshm ं,
JDakshmā-ptija, S. &c.
48rcin (Sept.-Oct.), by bankers and
merchants especially : a ceremony in honour of the same,
observed by a bride and bridegroom when the bride has
been brought to the house of her husband.
IALA, corruptly, LALLA, (P. }}) A writer, a clerk, a copyist,
a schoolmaster : it is used as an address in speaking to
a respectable person, not of high rank, especially with ji,
annexed; as, JDdld.jं, Sir, master.
LAi.J, Karn. (Cव्)४) A weaver’s shuttle.
I.AyrAN, LUM UN, or LUMyr UN, (?) A caste of traders who
formerly brought slaves for sale to Bombay.
I.AMBADf, corruptly, I.AMBALLIE, LoMBALLIE, and LoM
BARDII’, Tel. (9Cथ्यंCe), also IAMBANI, Karn. (००थ्ग्व्०
००श्), LAstBAs, Mar, (लंबाण), H. Dakh., LAwnAita,
(D'A J), ILAstBAnl, Tam. (?)6utal-rTu9-) A migratory
 ILAM ILAR

trader, especially in grain, better known as IBaigjdrd, ५. v.,
and travelling from place to place in more orless numerous
bodies: in the south they have the character of being thieves,
the men stealing cattle and the women children : a party
of Banjdrds, or Lanabdris, on its march, or encamped.
LAst BARDAR, LUMBU RDAR, H. (9'eAAJ, from the English
word ' number,’ and Persian ddr, who has) The cultivator
| proprietors of a village to contribute to the government
" assessment in proportiom to the number of their several
ploughs.
LANCHA, Karm. (e)caॐ), IANCHAM U, Tel. (9० ँ99),
IANCH,Mar.(लांच), II.ANJAM,Tam. (ं)60(्रौ,eta), LANCH
or NANCH, Uriya. A bribe, a fee : bribery.
JDdnchlatch, Ldnchluclipat,Mar. (लांश्चल्लूच। लांचलुचपत) Bribe
*

who, either on his account, or as the representative of other ry and corruption.

members of the village, pays the gowernment dues and is Janchagdr, Lanchakuli,&c. Karn. (० ०a*-7त्ळॐ, ००४ं &ं)
registered in the collector’s roll according to his number: A receiver of bribes.

as the representative of the rest he may hold the office by
descent or by election. Beng. Reg. ix. l824 ; ii. I820.
Act i. 184l.
Jambarddri, H. (-9'e**J) The officeor duty of a Lambard:tr.
ILamubari mudkadam{{, Uriya (F.६61१००१॥ from English
?number, and Arabic makadamd, a suit) Original suit,
headed according to its number on the file of causes.
LAKTi, H. (Uं, लकती) The total rent of a property or an
estate forming a heading of the fChataoni, or Muntakhal),
of the north-west prowinces ; eduivalent in this sense to
.Jam6-bandi.
LAL-JATRi, IBeng. (लीनपोर्टी) A pilgrim to Jagannath of
the first class, paying formerly heawier fees, and entitled
to peculiar privileges.
I.AMBHERI, Thug. A sword.
IAstCHARI, Beng. (?) (लभप्रीती) Low land, land liable to
inundation.
I.Ayroiti, IBeng, (?) (लीमप्)ि Low, as land liable to inunda
tion ः (this and the preceding should probably be written
Nainchari, and Nanaclui, from mdin, S. B., to bow down,
to make low.)
IAs.f HAR, Hindi (लमहर) A tree that has sprung up of itself
in a cultivated field, and which the cultivator may cut down.
I.AM KAN, Thug. The crossing of the road by a hare in front
of a gang.
LA pl POCHA, Thug. Crossing of the road by a snake, an
uulucky omen : the gang must Stop unless they can kill it.
I.AN, or LANAT, H. (७-4, ंl) Curse, imprecation ः in Mo
hammadan law, testimony upon oath : in cases of adultery | I.APUA, Thug. A thief.
the several imprecations of the curse of God upon them | LARRA, H. (9) A boy.
by husband and wife, the former, if he accuse his wife JDarki, (L-9) A girl.
JD(inchkhor, Mar. (लांविखोर), Lanch4khor, Karn. (9०&#०
ॐ) One who takes a bribe, venal, corrupt.
IANGAL, Beng. (S. लi**ील) A plough.
JLangald, Beng. (S. लi*१ीलi) Ploughing, cultivation.
JD4ngali/d, Beng. (S. ली**ीलिपi) A ploughman ः ploughing.
| LANGAR, LUNGUR, H. OGJ) An anchor : an almshouse.
। JDamg/ar khdma, H. (-'*,ं) An almshouse, a place where
food and alms were distributed to the poor under the Mo
hammadan gowernment, by which an assignment from the
public revenue was appropriated to the maintenance of
Such establishments in some parts of Bengal : a similar
institution, in which the poor were lodged and fed, was
kept up by the Maratha government of Nagpur : in Ma
rathi, the term means also any extensive establishment.
JLang/ar kharch, Lungur laharch, H. (from ॐः)*-) Provision
or expense incurred for the poor, poor-rates.
IANGOT, I.ANGOTA, IANGOTf, or LUNGOT, &c. (e:K',
`ं,ं, .*ं) A cloth passed between the thighs and tucked
into a waist-belt before and behind, to conceal the privities.
IAN. HA, Mar. (लांझा) An unsettled affair, a disputed claim.
IAo, H. (}}) The rope by which the leather bucket of a well
is drawm up ; whence in some places the amount of land
irrigated is reckoned, or by Ldos, instead of wells, being
commonly lā acres to a Lato.-Rewari.
JD40-charas, corruptly, JDao-chu?'rus, H. (U9*) Irriga
| tion by water raised from wells in the leather bag or
bucket called Charas, ५. v. See also the preceding.
LAPo, Gu2. (et ºft) Brocade, gold or silver cloth.
_

falsely, the latter if she be not innocent : in such case, Lark6-hāl, H. (J;9) The name of a mountain tribe in
however, divorce should follow. Chhattisjhar, a branch of the JKol tribe, ५. v.
LANABANDi, H. (.sAं], probably from ldind U}, to bring) LARKIA, Thug- A shopkeeper.
An agreement formerly practised among the coparcemary LAR, LUR, Hindi (लर्) A measuring-rod for land measure :
309 | 4 K
 LAS
it varies in different places as 4ठैः 0, or 6ं cubits ः 400
sguare lars is a bijhd, 20 sguare lars a katha-Puraniya.
LAsA, H. (U.}) Any wiscous exudation or juice of plants,
some sorts of which are used as birdlime.
IASH, H. &c. (P. L*)) A corpse.
I,AsHKAR, LUSH KUR, commonly, LASCAR, 9ंJ) A native
sailor, but especially applied also to tent-pitchers, inferior
artillerymen, and others ः' (the word is properly Dashkarं,
one attached to, or following, a lashkar, or army, but it
has come insensibly to take the meaning and pronunciation
here given).
I,AsyrAyrAri,Hindi(लशमामाटी)Adhesive-clayland.-Puraniya.
IAT, or LATH, H. (G-', -े) A staff a column, a pillar,
ospecially the pillars found in various parts of Upper India,
as at Allahabad, IDelhi, &c., bearing inscriptions in the
ancient form of the Wdgari alphabet.
7.4ah{, corruptly, Lattie, and Luttie, sometimes short, as
Lath, Lahi, H. &c, (७ā), लाठी, ं, _ं, लटी) A stalt;
bludgeon.
a stick, a club, a __
ILathinald, corrupted into, Lithiical, and JDdithi/dl, or | IAwANvARIITAyr, S. &e. (लावण्याजैितं, from लावण्य, beauty,
ILutteeal, H. ("}.े) A club-man, a man armed with a | and अजैित', acguired) Woman's property, having been
bludgeon, many of whom are retained by Zamindars, in
digo planters, and others, in Guarrels respecting lands and
boundaries, when serious affrays sometimes take place
between the opposite parties.
IArAN, Hindi (लटन) A name given to all the early sown
cold-weather crops.-Puraniya.
IATi, IATE, Karn. (ध्णव्&3, धळिं) A wooden instrument
with which parched grain is flattened : a spinning-wheel.
IATRANiyA, Thug. A very small purse worn only by thieves
and Thugs. _ I.AwARIं, H. &c. (A. }, not, and c“-9', an heir) Heirless,
IATrA, incorrectly, IAUTTHA) (ं, लट्टा) A measuring-rod or
pole : a bijha is a sguare of 20 Lattās : in the survey
of the north-west provinces the measuring chain is divided
into I0 Lattds, and each Lattd into I0 links.
LAUND, H. (oं;) An intercalary month.
IAUNpA, H. (le:G;) Aslave or servant-boy:.f LAUNDi, (.s99;)
A servant or slave-girl.
LAUं, or IAwIS, H. (A. (५-;) Stain, contamination : in Mo
hammadan law, any indication of a person or of persons
being implicated in the guilt of a murder, as a cloth or
sword stained with blood found in their possession, &c.
LAvA, and LAwi, S. &e. (लवं, लवी , from लू, to cut or reap)
Reaping, cutting corn.
Lapana, S. &c. (लवन) Rcaping.
810
IAZ
Jacani, or Launi, H. (.gy) Wages in kind to reapers at
harvest time ; also, reaping, cultivation.
IAwANA, S. &c. (लवण), vermacularly, I.AwAN, or LABAN,
Beng. (लदन्), ION, H. (J9), IUN, GuZ. (ंUt) Salt.
IAvANAw U, Tel. (eणवॐ६० ँ99), IAvANA, Karn.(Cन्व्ॐ६०) A
list of public servants, or of soldiers : the profits of a
custom-house : (it is said to be Hindi, perhaps from an
obsolete causal of Ldina, to bring).
IAwANi, or DAwANE, pronounced sometimes LAUN, or
IAUNI, or LAUNE, corruptly, LowNE, and LOwNEE,
Mar. (लावणी, लावणे, from S. लू, to cut or reap), Karn.
(Cव्3ँ) The operation of planting, ploughing, and
Sowing ; cultivation, agriculture.
Jacani patrak, corruptly, JDomonee putruch, Mar. (लवणी
पचक) One of the village accounts shewing the total as
sessment, and by whom paid : it is also described as
a general statement of the land held by each individual,
with the amount of the assessment, and every other item
of revenue lewiable from the cultivator.
presented to her by her parents and friends as a mark of
respect or affection.
LAw U, or ILAwU, Tam. (?)606-I) A cotton-tree producing a
fine sort of cotton with thin and short fibres.
IAwA, H. (,) Parched grain.
LAwADA, Mar. (लवाद) An umpire, an arbitrator.
JDamuddi, GuZ. (८-५cttंl) Arbitration, award.
IAwAHAK, H. (G-' ं; plur of Ldhal) Servants, depen
dants : dependencies, appurtemances.
having no heir; also, though rather laxly, having no claimant.
Lindriं, H. (Jं9';") The condition of being without a
claimant or heir, as applied to property.
//dicdrismal, H. (from J५०, wealth) Property to which there
is no heir, and which therefore escheats to the state.
I.AZIM, vernacularly, IAJIM, H. &c. ( 9) Fit or reduisite
for, necessarily or naturally belonging to, &c., inseparable
from : in law, the term is applied to engagements which
cannot be dissolved without the acguiescence of both parties.
//ardsim, or Lan’tisima, vermacularly, ILampaijima, H. &c.
corruptly, Loasima (*9; , plur. of the preceding) Neces
saries reguisites, appurtenances, baggage, accommodation,
per५uisites or dues of office, necessary wouchers or docu
ments Lawrºjima, Mar. (लवाजिम) Train, retinue.
 ILEH
//arod3im-i-samad, H. (Aं५9';) The particulars necessary
for the grant of a patent or samad : the wouchers from
and to the different officers and departments reguisite for
the final issue of a grant of land or rewenue under the
Mohammadan gowernment, and whichwere usually in- |
dorsed on the patent.
LEHEN U, GuZ. (ंaष्टद्यु) An outstanding debt, a Sum of money
due from any one.
५ं), IEKHA, Mar, (लेख), LEKH KA, Tel.
। by two men.
IEKHA, H. &c. (S.
(9ं2), ILEKKA, or LEKHKHA, Karn. (ं, धै३३) A |
writing, an account, any written document.
Lekhak, H. &c. (S. ४-94ं}, लेखक), Lekel, Karn. (&ॐ)
A writer, a clerk, an accountant
Jekha-balli, H. &c. (O.६: ५%A) An account-book.
Lel.hdjoha, Beng. (८लथी८ञ्जीकl) A set of accounts or written
documents.
Lehhaniham, Mal. (6)ea6–IC?lcort) A postman, a letter
carrier : one who signs a paper by proxy, or by a mark,
being unable to write.
Jekhaparhd, and Lekhapatra, Mar. (S. लेखपढा, लेखपत्र)
A general term for official or business papers ; an account,
a document, a voucher, a deed ; any writing.
Le/hapramdna, Mar. (S. लेखप्रमाण) Written evidence or
authority, a woucher, a document.
ILekhd-upare, Uriya (S. SR६||3.9GGº) Indorsement; what
is written above or upon a writing.
-Dekhya, S. &c. (लेख्य) What may be, or is to be, written ः
a manuscript, a written document, a letter.
JLekhyalakshana, S. (from लघ्वण, a mark) IDescription or
definition of documentary evidence.
LENA-DENA, H. (U५e'ंJ, a compound of the two verbs, lend,
to take, and dend, to give : also abridged to ILEN-DEN,
and, in the aorist, LiंwE-DºwE) Traffic, trade, barter, buy
ing and selling : also borrowing and lending.
LENDKiA, Thug. A washerman.-IDakh. Th.
LEs E, Mar. (लेणे) The cave temples and their embellish
ments, found at Ellora, Ajunta, and other places.
LEP, H. &c. (S. C~~ं, लेप) Smearing, anointing, plastering :
plaster, ointment.
_Lepaha, S. (लेपक) A plasterer, an anointer.
LEwA, GuZ. (ंa१u) A caste of the Kunbi tribe.
ILEwALi, Thug. A blanket.
LEZAM , H. (P. ध्*') A bow with an iron chain instead of
a string, used in gymnastic exercises.
LiA, Hindi (लीचा) Lands which are annually flooded.
81]
ILIN
LIFAFA, H. (A. AstंJ) A wrapper, an outer cover, an envelope.
LIGADU, Karn, (ं)7त्व्ॐ७) Compensation for damages
LIGIRA. Asam. (लिगिङ्ग) A female servant granted to officers
of state, by the Asam monarch.
JDikchhau,Asam. (लिक८छ्री) A male servant similarlygranted.
LIHAINTOf, H. (.*ं, लिहेंडी) Throwing up water for ir
rigation from a pond or river with a kind of basket worked
LIKHA, H. &c. ('ंJ, लिखा, the same as LEKHA, both being
|
derived from the S. root likh लिख, to draw lines, to write)
। A writing', a letter, &c. See Dekhd.
Likhan, Beng:, Mar., &c. (S. लिखन) A writing, a docu
ment, a letter.
Lilihita, Beng, Mar. (S. लिखित) Written, what is written,
a manuscript, a document ः in Mar., also, Likhita (लिखीत).
JDikhita-s6kshi, Karn. (S. 9a०3येव्ं,) Written ewidence.
LIKKHA, Dakh. Thug. A Mohammadan.
III.AM, LILAU (more usually, in other dialects, but less cor
rectly, Nildm), Gu2. (०{letuअt, &llett३, Port., Leilao)
Auction sale, a public sale or auction.
ILINGA, S. adopted in all the dialects, (fलङ्गं) A mark, a cha
racteristic sign : the distinguishing mark of gender or sex ;
the male organ : the phallus, as the type of Siva, and as
worshipped in all parts of India : it is usually of stone
or marble, and is set up in temples especially appropriated
to the worship of Sica, or Mahddeoa, under this form.
। There were, at the time of the Mohammadan invasion,
twelve principal Sica-lingas in India, namely, I. Soma
?adtha, in GuZerat ; 2. IMallik4rjuma, in Telingana at
Srisailam ; B. Mahdhdla, at Ujayin ; 4. Omkdra, on the
Narbudda ; 5. Amaresn’ara, also at Ujayin ; 0. Waid
?/andith, at Deogerh in Bengal ; 7. Hºdmesmudra, at Rami
seram ; 8. Bhimasankara, in Rajamahendri ; 9. Tryam
0aka, at the sources of the Godavarf , I0. Gautamexa,
where, unknown ; II. JKeddrexa, on the Himalaya ; and
l2. Wiscesnara, at Benares. In the south the principal
Sica-lin//as at present worshipped are at fºinchi or Con
.jeceram, Jambuhesicar mear Trichinopoly, Tirumarnale,
JAdilahastri, and Chidambaram : one sect of Hindus, the
Wira-Saicas or Janjamas of the south, wear a small
representation of the linga in a case round the neck or
on one arm, whence they are called also //in0adhdris, and
-
//ingacants, as below.
ILin//d-{t,Mar. (लिंगाद्दैत्), Lingadhdri, or Ling/arant, errone
ously, Lingumat, Karn.(9०xग्व्०ि, &)०x3०C) A member
 LIN
of the Jangama or Wira-Saica sect, or a worshipper of Siva
as the Linga, and carrying a representation of the type about
his person : the sect, which is numerous in the central and
southern parts of the peninsula, is of modern origin, being
founded by a Brahman named IBasava, residing at Kalyān
in Karnata in the middle of the 12th century. The Lin
gdits differ from the Brahmanical followers of Siva in deny
ing the sanctity of the Brahmanical order, and the authority
of the Wedas; in the recognition of various divinities, and
in wirtually abolishing the distinction of caste, and the in
feriority of females. One division of them, termed4r4dhyas,
are, by birth, Brahmans; but the rest, who are more espe
cially termed Jamgamas, are of the Sadra and mixed
castes, and look upon the 4rddha/as as their inferiors. The
Jangamas are again distinguished as two-fold-Samanya
or ordinary, and Wis6sha or extraordinary, the latter pro
fessing greater purity of manners. There is also a lower
grade of sectaries, or IBhaktas, who are likewise distin
guished as Sām/inya bhaktas, and Wis6sha bhaktas; the
former retain their caste, but in all other respects are the
same as the Saindnj/a Jan//amas ; the latter are entirely
exempt from caste, and are bound by wow to honour the
Guru, or spiritual teacher, the Linga and the Jamgamma,
or brother in the faith : accounts respecting their manners
vary ; but as an inveterate hostility subsists between them
and the Brahmams, accounts derived from the latter are
not to be depended on. The Jangamas have a literature
of their own, written mostly in the Karnata and Telugu।
languages, particularly the Basaca Purdna in the former.
The Arddi/as are sometimes well versed in Sanskrit lite
rature-Account of the Jangams, by C. P. Brown, Madras
Journal of Literature and Science.
JLingabamaji//dr, Karn. (9०%००६०a37ज्ठँ) A merchant or
trader of the Lin//tift sect. _
ILingakd/d, Tel. (9०x s`०9) The small box in which
the Linga is kept by those wllo wear the emblem.
ILing:, S. &c. (लिङ्गी) One who wears the outward em
blems of the order or sect to which he belongs ; but it is
more usually applied to signify a pretender, a hypocrite,
or one who assumes the external emblems of a caste or
order to which he does not belong, or of which he does
not perform the duties : the bearer of a Linga.
ILi P, or Li PRA, Thug. Cloth in pieces, mot made imto garments.
Lipr, S. &c. (लिपि), in Karn. also LIPHr (*ं) Writing,
a writing, a manuscript, a written document.
312
ILOK
TLIRUA, Hindi (fलरूस्रा) Rice-straw, especially such as is suit
able for fodder.
LITwA, Uriya (āg) A measure of time, the 60th of a
JDanda, or 24. seconds.
LocHHA, Asam. (८लiश्रl) A land measure in Asam egual to
II ! feet sguare.
LoD, Thug. A bullock : among the IDakh. Thugs, blood.
LODH, Thug. A bullock.
LODHA, Thug. A class of Mohammadan Thugs descended
from, or grafted upon, the Oudh stock, and found chiefly
on the borders of that kingdom, or in the Taraibordering
on Nepal.
LODHA, LODHf, H. (७०e9, JPe;) The name of a caste, or
a member of it, following the practice of husbandry in
the north-west provinces: amongst the Marathas, the foreign
ILodhā- or Lodhi paraddsi, from being a mative of Hin
dustan,is employed as a thatcher and keeper of bullocks, &c.
I,0GAR, Karn. (ॐ०९x&) A foreigner, a stranger.
LOGILI, Tel. (ं ?\9) The interior of a house, and all be
longing to it.
LOHA, S. &c. (लोह) Iron : any metal.
Lohdr, H. &c. ()'s), from S. Lohahāra लोहकार) A
worker in iron, a blacksmith ; one of the artificers of a
willage.
-Doldbhisdra, S. &c. (लीहाभिसारं) Lustration of arms ः pri
vate or public worship of weapons on the ninth of the
light half of Aswin : uuder the native rule it was a mili
tary ceremonial of much splendour observed as a preli
minary to the season for military operations.
JDolid-mahdl, H. (J'~* ५9) The iron department ; revenue
derived from the iron mines, and smelting and working
the metal.
/,olidr-lihdna, H. &c. (P. ४$5-, a house) A blacksmith’s
forge, a shop.
८oharbarh6a/ti, Thug. A pair of jackals (lit. the black
Smith and carpenter) crossing the road, a bad omen, in
dicating arrest and confinement.
Johori, GuZ. (ंuछ्tga, -्t) An iron-pan or plate, a fry
ing-pan, a plate for striking the hours on.
LOKA, also, vernacularly, LOK, and, vulgarly, LOG, S. &c.
(लोक) Man, mankind, in ordinary use ; as Sdh{U-lok,
gentry, IEuropeans : a world, a sphere, a region ; as Trā
lokot, the three worlds, heaven, earth, and hell ; or earth,
sky, and heaven : in mythology, fourteen spheres, exclusive
of A५?५/d or Tartarus, are recognised, seven upper and
 LOK L0T

seven lower-l. IBhtt-loka, earth ; 2. Bhucar-loha, at
mosphere or firmament ; B. Sioar-loka or Sn’arga, heaven,
the sphere of the inferior deities ; 4. Mahar-loha, the
region above the pole-star temanted by saints ; 5. Jama
loka, the sphere of the sons of IBrahmit ; 0. Tapo-loka,
the region of devotion, the abode of Itishis ; and 7. Sat/
loha, or Brahma-loka, the region of truth, of Brahma, to
which the pure are elevated. The seven regions below
the earth are the habitations of the snake gods, and are
named in the order of their tala or descent-4tala, Wi
tala, Sutala, 78asditala, Talattala, IMaluditala, and Pattttla :
sectaries have also invented lokas or regions of their own,
as Waikuntha, the sphere of Wishau ; Goloka, the region
of Krishna, &c.
JLokalaya, IBeng. (S. ८लiकोनप) The resort of men ; a
willage, a town.
Lohairan/a, Beng. (S. ८लीदशेद्भ१ीठ) A crowd, a concourse, lit.,
a forest of men.
ILokat/ata, S. (लोकायत) A system of atheistical philosophy
attributed to Cludrcttka.
Jokdyita, S. (लोकायित)
A followerof Chdrctika's doetrines.
Laakiha, S. &c. (लौकिक) Worldly, popular, secular.
LOKAN, Thug. A gun.
LoL, Thug. The throat.-Dakh. Th.
I,0Li, or LU Lf, H. (G;) A courtesan.
denoting a portion or division of property allotted for
public sale.
JDot-bandi, H. &c. (.*५५-9 , from lot, and band:, arrange
ment) The schedule or list exhibiting the apportionment
of an estate to be put up in lots at auction for Sale or lease.
Lorgf, Tel. (ं 'ं) A small earthen vessel fixed on the stem
of different palms to collect the tdrं juice.
L6TU, Tel. (& *&3o) Loss, deficiency.
L6ru, Tel. (ेॐo) IDepth of water, &c.
LUCHCHA, H. (ं) A libertine, a profligate ; also a low
abandoned fellow, who leads a dissolute life, subsisting by
gambling, or by intimidating respectable persons into giving
him money.
LUGARA, or LUGADA, GuZ. (ं,२usu) Clothes or apparel in
general : in Marathi, ILugarem (लुगडॆ), is a long strip of
coloured cloth worn as a petticoat.
LUKIBIDwA, Beng. (नूििदना) A Science by which a person is
Supposed to have the power of rendering himself imvisible.
LU KTA, A. (Ale J) In Mohammadan law, Treasure trove, pro
perty which a person finds on the ground, and takes charge
of as a trust until claimed, calling witnesses to his finding
it, and announcing his intention of restoring it ः if not
claimed after a year he should dispose of it, ifof any walue,
in charity, or he may keep it, but still for the owner, if
the article be durable.

ION, or LU N, Loos, H. &c. (c9; from S. lagam) Salt. See (लुळं) Mob, rabble, dregs of the people.
ILUI.EN, Mar.
Jacam. LUN, Gu८. (ंU) Salt. See Lacana and Lon.
ILond, H. (G)) Salt, saline, brackish. ILunar, Gu2. (’1U।u२) A place where salt is made.
Lomdmdit{, Beng. (८नीनांमोंी) Salt-land, land from which /,५ig0, Gu2.(ट्3U t)Salt, or the salineefllorescence from walls.
salt may be extracted. LUNG, and LUNGi, H. &c. (e-ं, *) A cloth passed
ILondr, H. 99) A salt-pit, a place where salt is produced. between the thighs. Beng. (नू~ी) A petticoat : it is said
Lomā or Litn{, H. (Gy) Saline efilorescence from walls. also to be a large handkerchief of blue silk and cotton
ILonid, or Ltinid, (ं;) Salime, brackish : a salt-maker : mixed, carried ower one shoulder ; used sometimes as a
a class of traders. scarf sometimes as a waistbelt.
LONARi, Mar.(लोणारी) A caste, or member of it, whose oc Ltr, Loor, H. &c, (cº-9) Plunder, robbery, pillage.
wood, making charcoal, &c.
cupation is hewing JLittdi, H. (.*) Plunder, pillage, booty.
LosprrEpU, Tel. (CT०० 9ॐ9) A span measured by the //utdrd, Mar. (लुटार) A plunderer, a robber.
thumb and forefinger. ILutdai, Mar. (लुटाञ्चा) Ac५uired by plunder, booty, spoil.
I,0PA, S. &c. (लोप) Disappearance, loss. JLittbdं, H. 9५५e;) A plunderer, a robber.
Lop-rahnd, or Lopnd, Thug- To lie hid or asleep. /,atti, or Lutitt, H. (G* ५ं;) Beng. Lutiydra (नूर्छिपोत)
Lop{-, Lopi-hhdn, or Lopi-singh, Thug- A term used by or Lutincdld, ('}ं;) A plunderer, a robber, a mounted
scouts to intimate the approach of danger. Dopi-lona, to robber, a Pindhātrf.
be concealed. /,att-lahatt, and Litt-pttt, H. (५-2;*भ्9, ५-' ँ;) Robbing,
JLo-paikdri, (?) An under-renter or tenant. plunder, pillage.
L0T, or LAT, H. &e. (ex', c-*) The English word ' Lot,'
818 4L
 MA
M.
MA, Tam. (LarT) One-twentieth : a land measure, the twentieth
of a Weli, more correctly, Maid, ५. v. It is also in general
use as the representative of the S. mahd, great, especially
in compounds.
MA, H. &c. (L०, भl, S. माता) A mother ः in Bengal, ad
dressed to any female as an appellation of respect : when
addressed by a husband to his wife it intimates his re
linguishing her Society in the latter character.
JMdsं, H. (._A~' ं) A mother’s sister.
MABAR, H. (A. Aश्-॰) A ferry, a ford. MiBAR, a ferry-boat.
MAARILAT, A. (ंl5-॰) In Mohammadan law, fine of atone
ment for bloodshed.
MAAsH, H. (A. U*७~०) Place or means of living, livelihood ः
the term was applied to pensions granted to various persons
in Benares in178I, and confirmed by Ben. Reg. xxxiv.1795.
Bad-mddsh, H. (A. P. U*५-०A:) A disreputable person,
one living dishonestly or wiciously.
MABLAg H, H. (A. 8.*ं) A sum of money, ready-money.
Mahlaāh-bandi, (.** 89-3) Specifying the sum total of an
account, the adjusted balance.
MACHA, MACHAN, H. (५-५०, ७५**) MACHAN, Beng. (भiप्त्रीन्ग्),
MANCHE, Tel. (3D०व्), MANCHiGE, Karn. (ँo०a*?\),
MACH, MACHf, Mar. (माश्वी), from the S. MANCHA, (मच्व)
A raised platform, a scafold in general, but commonly
applied in Hindustan to the temporary thatched platform
raised on bambus in a field where a man sits to watch
the crops : in Marathi, a frame supporting a stack ofgrass,
or one on which grain is exposed to dry.
MACHH, MACH HA, or MACHHi, H. (-4**, (.५*ं), MACHH,
Beng. (भीश्चा), MACHHEyrU, MATsvAMU, Tel. (ंoंo०,
ॐ9ं8ंoo): these and other Similar forms are all from
MATSwA, S. (मास्य) A fish.
-Machadia, Uriya (११०1थl) Rent or right of fishery.
Jlfachalindica, Tel. (ंCं)ंGoंj) A fishery.
-Machalipammu, Tel. (ंoं)*०ऽc2) Tax on fishing.
-Mdichhi, or Mdichhimdr, GuZ. (अtu४l, अtu४% अtu२) A -Mel-nadai, Tam. (GLadbLocoxt-) Land first watered, that
fisherman, usually of the Koli tribe.
-Witchha//d, Beng. (माहूपं) A fisherman, a vender of fish.
MACHHUA, Thug. Keeper of a Sarai.
MADD, MUDD, H. (A. &०) Extension, prolonging : a sign
denoting the commencement of a paragraph or the insertion
of a new item t also a dry measure egual to a Ratl and a
third, or, according to some, to two Ratls, or two pounds.
MAD, or MADA, MUD, MUDA, H. &c. (S. A.०, मद) Intoxica
814
MAD
tion, or any intoxicating or stupefying beverage : pride,
haughtiness.
Madaha, or Madah, Beng. (S. भक्)ि Inebriating ; any
stupefying or intoxicating article, as। toddy, opium, bhang,
&c. H.(५49A-०) Apellet ofopium or other drugfor smoking.
Mada-khor, Beng. (from P. );*-, who eats) A drunkard.
-Madya, S. &c. (मद्य) Wine, spirituous liguor.
MADA, Tel. (ंov ं) A half pagoda ; whence it is applied
to a rate of rent, or payment of छै0 per cent. : any money
or coin.
MApA,orMARA, Beng. (भजिl) Threshing or treading out corn.
JMadamiyd, Beng. (मांजनिष्पं) A thresher, one who beats or
treads corm.
MADAD, MUDUD, H. &c. (A. eA.०) Help, assistance ; al
lowance or provision.
-Madadjdr, H. &c. 9७bo-) A helper, an assister, a bene
factor, an ally, an assistant clerk or writer in an office.
Zlfadad-hharch, H. &c. (P. उःु*-) Charitable expenses, Sums
paid to help others.
JMadad-mddsh, H. &c. (from A. U*५-०, as abowe) Grant of
means ofsubsistence in general ; also, assignment of revenue
for the support of learned or religious Mohammadans, or
of benevolent institutions, by the government.
MADAD, incorrectly, MADAT, MUDDUT, H. (eo-०) An in
toxicating pill or bolus formed of chopped betel leaf and
opium, which may be swallowed or Smoked in a pipe:
the Sale was originally prohibited, but was licensed, to an
extent not exceeding five tolas, by Act. xi, I849, s. 5.
MADAGAI)A, Karn. (ंoॐ) An advance of money for carry
ing on cultivation, repayable at harvest time without interest.
-Madagadadapatra, Karn. (S. patra पच, a leaf) A bond
for repayment of an advance to cultivators.
MADAGU, Karn. (ंO ँKS), Tam. (LaंठC) A sluice to let off
water from a tank.
MADAI, Tam. (La०००-) A sluice, a channel from a pond or
the like for irrigation.
which is situated nearest the sluice. See Kil-madai.
MApAKA, Tel. (39ॐs) A plough with oxen complete. See
4raha.
MADA KH II., H. (Ce-le-०, plur. of MADAKHAI., c)e-A-०) En
trances, additions: income, revenue; additions to the revenue
of a district, either from the annexation of other lands, or
from the full assessment of lands which had been wholly,
or partially, exempt from payment of revenue.
 MAD
Madakhil-mahhdrij, H. (८95-५० c)5-lo-्) Additions and
diminutions : changes in the disposition of landed pro
perty, or in the arrangement of the shares in a willage.
MADANorsAwA, S. (मदनोत्सवः) A festival held in honour of
Madana, the delighter, i.e. the deity of lowe, on the l8th
and 14th of Chaitra.
MADAR, H. (A. )lo-3) A place to which progress is directed,
a centre, a centrical spot.
JMaddr-al-maham, H. (A. ५*lylo-्) A principal manager,
a prime minister : as it were, the centre of affairs.
IMaddrhdj’, H. ()9lex०) A manager, a chiefman of business.
MADARI, (.9l9-3) A juggler.
MADAwAT Nf, H. (Lं)lo-3) A female match-maker : a woman
employed to find a suitable match for a man.
MADARU (?) A low caste of people in Kurg, whose business
is chiefly mat and basket making, and who are included
amongst the servile classes.
JMddaraka-sabucari, Karn. (Coo6&oॐ४०o36) An
annual tax on the manufacturers of baskets, mats, &c.
MIADDI CHA KKA IJARA, Karn. (ं92ं०००श्चळ४) Tax
levied in Mysore on the collector of the bark of the Maddi
tree, from which a red dye is prepared.
MADE, Karn. (ंOं) Strong, rich, as land in the vicinity
of water.
JMadehola, IMadehattu, Karn. (ंoॐ~०e), ॰3ं)
Rich land.
MADEGARU, (?) Mal. A class of predial slaves in Kur0.
MADEPALU, Tel.(ंOG.C`eo) Share, in kind assigued to
the cultivators. See Metipdlu.
MADHAGHARf, Mar. (मधघडी) The second sort of paper made
at Daulatabad, as distinguished from the best kind, termed
JBahadur-Bhdm{.
MADHAwr, Karn. (S. 56oढँ०) Sugar, clayed or candied.
MADHU, S. &c. (मधु) Sweet ; lit. or fig., honey, a spirituous
liduor distilled from the blossoms of the Bassia latifolia ः
the month Chaitra (March-April), the season of spring.
Itadhanana, Tel. (ॐoं०० ँ) Treacle produced from the
fermented juice of the date and other palm-trees, com
monly known in the south of India as Jagari.
Madhuparha, S., but used in most Hindu dialects, (मधुपकै:)
An offering of honey, butter, and curds, presented to a
person to whom it is intended to shew particular respect
on his coming to a house, as to a guest, to a bridegroom
at a marriage, to a Brahman at a sacrifice, and the like ;
hence it is sometimes used for the occasion on which it
815
MAD
is presented, as a marriage or other festival ; also in
Telugu। (3oंSंOs६-ॐooeo, pl.) for the new cloths dyed
with turmeric presented to the bride and bridegroom.
JMadhur, or Madhura, S. &c. (मधुर) Sweet; applied also
to the contrary of salt.
JMadhuri, S. &c. (fem. of nadhura, Uriya, १gg२1) Land not
within the influence of the sea and free from any saline
impregnation, in contradistinction to the Wimahā, or salt
lands, or those from which, being washed by the tide, salt
is manufactured.-Cuttack.
JMadhuprdsana, S. (मधुप्रासन) Putting a little honey into
the mouth of a new-born male infant, one of the Sanskāras,
or purificatory ceremonies of the Hindus.
MADHwA-ACHARvA, S. &c. (मध्वाचार्ययै) The founder of a sect
of Waishnavas in the south of India in the thirteenth cen
tury, hence termed Madhmoas, or Madhmudichdris.
MADHwi, S. &c. (माध्वी) A spirituous liguor distilled from
the blossoms of the Bassia latifolia.
MADHWA, S. &c. (मध्य) The middle, the central, centrical:
also, MADHyE (मध्ये) In the midst, in the centre. Besides
the primary and correct forms which they also have, some
dialects admit warious modifications of these words, as
Majhdr, Majhld H. ७५**, '***), 'Māj, Mijh, I//{jhe,
JMajh, Beng. (मञ्जि, मांसं, भi८२, ८भाक्ष), IIMāj, Irājhd,{,
Mar. (माज, माझारीं), Maddi/am, Tam. (taंठीLLita),
IMadhyadds, S. &c. (मध्य, middle, and देशा, country) The
middle region ; in the original geography, the country
bounded by the Sewalik hills on the north, the confluence
of the Ganga and Wamuna on the south, the southern
branch of the Himalaya on the east, and the Windhya moun
tains on the west, comprising the modern provinces of
Allahabad, Gorakhpur, Oudh, Delhi, Agra, and part of
Bundelkhand. The term is in use among the Marathas to
denote the country between the Konkam and Kandesh.
II/adhya prasan//d, Uriya (S. १८|५9६9f) Interlocutory.
Alfadhyastha, S. &c. (मध्य, between, and स्य, who stands)
A mediator, an umpire, a middle-man : in Malabar, the
pl. Madhyasthamdir, arbitrators, corresponds with Pam
chayat in other places.
J//idhyasthyam, corruptly, Madesthum, S. &c. (माध्यस्थ्यं)
Arbitration, intervention, interference of a third party to
secure the observance of an engagement between two others.
-Madhyaparti, Tel. (ॐ9ं8०9F) A mediator, an umpire,
am arbitrator.
MApl, Tel. Karn. (ॐocs) A ricefield, a garden bed.
 MAD
MADI,Tam.(Leंठी)valuationestimate १ alsoMADIPU(Laंठीt-DL),
MApr, or MARf, Mar. (माङी) The sap of the cocoa-nut, espe
cially when fermented ; properly opposed to the sap of the
tdr palm, or tdrं (ताडी), although the latter is applied
to both kinds.
MADIGA, Tel. (ंocox) A low caste, that of the Chakla?’,
or workers in skins and leather; the Chandr ofUpper India.
IMaidi//arddu, Tel. (ंOष्-6oX॰णष्ॐ७) A man of the low
caste of Chaklars.
I/ddige, Tel. (ंUTe०7र्र्) Or or belonging to the caste of
workers in hides and leather.
MAI)IKE, Karn. (`3c०ठं) A plough with oxen complete.
MADIRI, or MADRI, Tel. Karn. (S. ॐ७००b, 3Oण्(C)
pattern, a Specimen.
MAIDIvALA, Karn. (ंO८ॐं) A washerman.
MADORIA, Thug- Fighting of cats, as an omen.
MADRASA, MUDRUsU, corruptly, MADREssAH, and MADRIS
sAH, H. (A. *-9A-०) A college, an academy.
J/udaris, H. (A. *-99-०) The principal or rector of a col
lege, a teacher or professor.
MADUM U, Tel. (ंOं७ ँOO) A stone sluice or channel by
which the water flows to the fields.
MADUPUni DU, Tel. (ं9ं9ं)ं9) Waste lands attached to
the lands cultivated by a farmer, that he may bring them
also into cultiwation.
MADUwE, or MADI wE, Karn. (ंoं७ ँ, ॐ०० ँ) Marriage.
-Madur6prasta, Karn. (ंo ँ० ँ९७) ं.) The marriage
ceremony.
MAFKt D, H. (A. e;ं-०) Missing, lost : in Mohammadan
law it implies a person of whom it is not known whether
he be living or dead.
MAG, Mar. (माग), MAGoAM U, Tel. (ं9ंOO), MAGGA, Karn.
(ं9x) A loom.
MAG, Mar. (माग, S. मागै) A track, a channel for water to
irrigate a garden or plantation.
MAGA, Karn. (ं9x) A son.
ItaWalk, Karn. (ं) Childron.
WaWala-san/tina.or.jiaWa-saatan,Karn,(ं७०डवं)
IDescendants in the male line.
MAGADitA, S. (मागध) A bard or herald ः one of the mixed
castes, born of a Vaisya father and Kshatriya mother : also
a native of Magadhā, or South Bahar.
MAGAHI, H. (मगाहि) A tribe of agriculturists in Bahar ः (pro
bablya vernacular form of J//ijadhi, or nativeof.lfagadhd),
MAGAMAI, corruptly, MAGHOMy, Tam. (LaeE&ठुLo) Contri
810
MAG
bution formerly levied on merchants and cultivators for a
temple, now given optionally : a fee or donation to which
an individual or establishment may be entitled.
MAGANA, Uriya (१|६lst, probably for Mingnd, ५. v.) Fees
exacted by Zamindars from the cultivators : a contribution
raised in shares.
-lfttjan-khanddit{, corruptly Mom//um-khandity, Uriya
(१|१६ा १ig|२६1) A tax formerly levied by the Hill Rajas
of Cuttack to cower the expense of keeping up an armed
police, commuted for a money payment by Government.
MAGANAM, corruptly, MAGANNy, MAGAUN, MoGANw, Tam.
(LorTEBrTCठष्ठाtia), MAGANI, Karn. (COवxं, from the A.
A JMa/din ७४-०. a place, an abode) A division of a revenue
district, usually consisting of six or seven willages ; the
subdivision of a tallsilddr{.
]/djani-paiki-/r(imu, Karn. (Cooxं२३०ऽ6एष्ट) ॐOO) A
willage belonging to a district.
MAGANI, Tel. Karn. (ंoo7त्-हैं) Wet cultivation ; the cul
tivation of low lands by artificial irrigation ; lands that are
so irrigated.
MAGANI, pron. MAHANI, Tam. (LanTeErT ०ऽof) A sixteenth.
J/d//dni palisa, Mal. (20००96०?)a-lemc/०) A rate of
interest calculated in grain, one-sixteenth of a Hedangali,
per annum on the value of a fanam.
MAGDAR, MUGDU IR, H. 9A॰०, S. muddara मुह्नर) A club,
a mallet; a thick heavy club used in exercise like dumb bells.
MAGH, MUGH, corruptly, MUG, MUGG, (?) A name com
monly applied to the natives of Arakan, particularly those
bordering on Bengal, or residing near the sea ; the people
of Chittagong. According to ILieut. Phayre, however, the
Arakanese disclaim the appellation, and restrict it to a
class whom they hold in utter contempt : the descendants of
the Arakanese who were settled at Chittagong and Dacca,
by Bengali mothers : the origin of the word is unknown.
In P. Ita// (8-्), is a fire worshipper, also a wine
drinker or tavern-keeper.
MAGH, or MAGHA, H. &c. (S. *५०. माघ), MAGAM, Tam.
(LarreEta) The month so called ; the I0th of the Hindu
year when the sun enters Capricorn, and when the full
moon is near the asterism Madha (Jan.-Feb)ः on the
Ist of this month, according to solar computation, or the
first lunation of the moon, that is, the day of new moon,
a great festival is observed in Upper India, when bathing
in the sea at Ganga-Sāgara, or the mouth of the Bhā
gfrathi, is considered of peculiar efficacy.
 MAG
Majhdt, Hindi (माघात) Land broken up in Majh for the
next year’s crops.
M4ghdt-kā-phasal, Hindi (माघात की फासल) The crops that
are sown between Mitjh and the rains.
Jlftimdnjam, or, more correctly, Mimdjam, Tam. (LorT
uorāleth, LorTuarTeath) A great festival held every twelve
years, on the full moon of JMaigha, at Kumbhakomam.
JMdgh{, S. &c. (माघी) Full moon of Mājh.
MAGHARfN, Mar. (माधारंीण) Arecently married wife, especially
one who returns (from mdghdrme, to turn back) from her
father-in-law's house to her own parents, or goes from them
to her husband’s parents.
MAGHrwA, (?)H. Adivision ofthe Dhanuktribe-Bh47alpar.
MAGRA, (?) H. A subordinate or outlying village forming
part of a larger one.-Ajmer.
MAgHRAB, or MAGHRIB, H. (A. ५--9*०) The west, the
western guarter.
Maghrabi, H. (A. ५-sं9*ं) A native of the west, a North
African.
MAGHRt R, H. (A. 299*०) In ordinary use, proud ; but in
Mohammadan law, a man who has married a womam under
a misconception, as one within the prohibitive degrees of
relationship, without being aware of it, or a slave, sup
posing her to be free.
MAHA, S. &c. (महा, from mahat महत्), it occurs in all the
dialects without change, except in Tam., in which it is
written Mahd, or Madd, Guasi, Me१a (LDerT), there being
no h in the alphabet ; also, as abbreviated, IMaं (LorT)
Great (literally or figuratively).
Mahdibrdhmana, S. &c. (महाब्राझण) lit. A great Brahman,
but applied contemptuously in Bengal to a low class
Brahman who officiates at funeral rites, and is the first
feasted after the period of mourning ; also a Brahman
who performs religious ceremonies for Stidras and mixed
casteS. _
Mahadepa, or Mahadeo, S. &c. (महादेव) The great God ः
usually applied to Siva, especially as the JDinga.
Mahadec{,S.&c.(महादेवी)Thewife ofSivaः anameof Durgā.
Mahdjama, or Mahdjam, or Muhajum, incorrectly, Maha
.janam, Mehdjin, S. &c. (महाजन) lit. A great man, but
applied in most parts of Hindustan and Bengal to a mer
chant, a dealer, a banker or money-changer; also a creditorः
in Marathi, also, a particular hereditary officer in a village:
in some places in the south of India it denotes the head
of a trade or caste ; also the head man of a willage, espe
817
MAH
cially where the willagers are mostly Stidras and the
head man is a Brahman : it is applied also to Brahmans
holding lands as permanent tenants, but employing others
to cultivate : it also denotes such of the willagers as hold
-Mirds or hereditary property in common. In Gu2erat,
JMahdjam, pronounced, IMājan (*tu८u6४०t), is also said
to mean a public entertainment or food given to all comers.
Mahdjan lagdm, GuZ. (?) Collections made by the mer
ohants for charitable purposes, whether human beings or
animals be the objects.
JMājanangal, for Mahdjanam, Tam. (LarTe*०ठष्ठाrileB60)
An assembly of the prineipal inhabitants of a village: Brah
mans collectively, especially when heads of willages and
cultivators.
JMahdhala, sometimes written, I'lfaihaila, S. &c. (महाकाल)
A name of Siva, as identified with Time : one of the great
JLinga types of him, formerly worshipped at Ujayin.
Mahdhali, S. &c. (महाकाली) One of the terrific forms of
Durgā.
Mah6laya, S. &c. (महालय) A great temple or sanctuary ः
the obseguial ceremonies performed in the last half of the
month Bhddra.
JMahdmantri, (महामन्त्री) A prime minister.
Mahdmdri, IBeng. &c. (S. भद्रीभोईी) Plague, pestilence,
any epidemic or great mortality.
Mahdndidu, Tam., Karn., Tel. (LaerTrप्रrrG) The great
assembly: in former times it was composed of the chief
landed proprietors of a mddu, or district, who met to con
sider of agricultural interests : in some places it exists as
a meeting of the tribes of the right-hand party to deliberate
on guestions of caste. In Karnata it is described as an as
Sembly of the aboriginal castes, not including Brahmans and
some other castes in various parts of the country ः Mantai
(for mantri, a counsellor) mahd-nddu, occurs in Tamil
writings as expressive of the concurrence of the government
and the people, whence Mr. Ellis conceived the powers of
the primitive Mahd-ndidu to have been analogous to those
of the Saxon Witenagemote.
-Mahanta, or Mahant, Muhunt, H. &c. (S. ५4-44०, महन्त)
The head of a religious establishment of the mendicant
orders of the Hindus.
Mahanti, H. (_ं॰) The office and appointment of a
JMahant.
Mahdnt{, Uriya (१॥६॥१1) A man of the writer or account
ant caste : the caste itself
4 M
 HAH
-Mahdnaramt, S. &c. (महा, and नवमी, ninth) The last day
of the nine days or mights dedicated to the worship of
Durgā, in Aswin, the last day of the IDurgf pttja.
JMahdjpdita, or Mahapataka, S. &c. (महापात -पातक) A
heinous crimeः five acts are especially so considered,
murder of a Brahman, intercourse with the wife of a Guru,
stealing gold from a priest, drinking spirits, and associating
with persons guilty of such offences.
JMahdjprasdda, S. &c. (महाप्रसाद) The great present of food,
that is, the distribution among the persons present, of food,
sweetmeats, and the like, which have been offered to an
idol : it is also especially applied to such a distribution at
Jagannath.
-Malldipurusha, or -purush, S. &c. (महा, and पुरूषं, a man)
A great man ; but applied especially to religious ascetics,
especially to such as pretend and are believed to have over
come physical infirmities, to be able to live without food,
and to be impassive to external or elemental influences.
Mahdrdjd, S. &c. (महाराजा) A supreme or sovereign prince ;
applied in courtesy to every Rāj3.
J/ahdrdni, S. &c. (from राज्ञी , a gueen) The principal wife
of a Rāja, or a gueen in her own right : applied also
in courtesy to Hindu ladies of rank, although not of princely
dignity.
Mahdrdshtra, S. (महाराष्ट्रे) The Maratha country.
JMaharshi, or Maharishi, S. &c. (महर्षेि, महचमृषि) Any very
celebrated sage or Saint.
J/ahd8aj/a, pronounced, Mahashoy, Beng. (घशभष, from S.
mahd, great, and dं8a//a, receptacle) A respectable person,
one possessed of great merit: but the word is chiefly
used as a term of respectful address, as, Sir, Master, Wour
honour.
J/ahdsankrdinti, S. (महासंक्रान्ति) The great Sankranti, or
Sun's entrance into Capricorn, the winter Solstice : it also |
signifies the festival observed at this season in the south
of India, the Pongol.
J/ahdshtani, S. &c. (महाष्टमी) The great eighth, that is,
the eighth day of the festival in Aswin in honour of Durgā,
or IDurgft pttja.
-Wallattrdin, corruptly, Mahatra, J/ohaturam, Mohuteram,
J/ohaturam, Mahooteram, Beng. (मश्ड्,नि, from S. महत्।,
great, and चाण, protecting) Land assignod to religious per- ।
Sons, or for religious purposes, by Zamindars or subordinate
fiscal officers ; also a provision made by the state for persons
of the lower castes: (the sense may wary according to the
818
MAH
relation of the component terms, as the protection ofgreat
or pious persons, or of inferiors by great persons.
JMahdroat, or Maharath.gommonly, JMahout, H. &c.
(५-2,५०, ॰ं,५०, S. महामत्)ि The driver of an elephant.
Mahdyajna, S. &c. (महायज्ञ) A great sacrifice or act of
worship ; five such are recognised, I. Brahma-y., study
of Brahma or the Weda ; 2. Pitri-2/., offering to the manes ;
8. Deca-y., offerings to the gods; 4. Bali- or Bhatta-'्/.,
worship of all existing things, also of mischiewous spirits,
by offerings of food scattered in the air ; 5. Vri-y., wor
ship of man, hospitality.
Mah687cara, S. &c. (महेश्वरः) A name of Siva.
JMah687oara, S. (माहेश्वर) A worshipper of Mahdsrcara ; a
follower of Siva.
MAH, H. &c. (४L०, for S. मास्, मा:), MAHA, or MAHं, Karn.
(OGoव्ठळ, ॐGoंॐ) A month.
7]/4heroar-lakha,Karn(OGoंॐॐ०९धैso)A monthly account.
Mahidna, H. (G५:०५०) Monthly pay, wages, or salary.
Mahind, H. (UA4०) A month ; monthly pay or wages.
Mahi/५jasta, Tel. and P. (ंUTश्3ऽऽx9aंॐ.) Balance of
rent, &c. due from the past month.
udhinajhairu, Tel.A. (*ण`*णंoeंग’ॐ9) Collections
of the current month.
JMahmudr, IMahmodrd, or Mahmudri, H. &c. (9'*०, 9'*२,
.9',३०) Monthly, monthly pay or wages ; a deed settling
the payment of the revenue by monthly instalments.
MAHAJARU, Karn. (२००&ं9, from the A. 9-3'~ं) Testi
monial or certificate in fawour of a public functionary,
joined in by all present. See Muludjara.
MAHAL, MUHUL, pl. MAHAL,MUHAL, H.&c.(A. Us*, Jee)
A place, a house, an apartment, a Seraglio : a station, a
street, a district, a department : (in the Hindu dialects this
word is written indifferently Mahal, or Mahdl, as in Beng.
and Mar. (मिश्ल, भद्यलि, महल, महाल), confounding the sing.
and plur. numbers, and using both in the sense of the
singular, as in the following) :
Mahdl, corruptly, Mall, IMllal, IIIdal, I'lfoliaul, IMehaal,
Mal, H. &c. (Jeञ*, properly the pl. of J~*, but used
as a sing. noun. with a plur. of its own, or Mahdilatt
c_2}७ञ्es), Mahal, or Mahal, Gu2. (*t ८॥&t , *tu८u८1)
A province, a district, as the Jamgal-maludls, on the west
of Bengal; a division of a Tatilluk, or district, yielding
revenue according to assessment. In the language of
the Regulations a Waludl, or Welldl, is called an estate,
and is defined, any parcel or parcels of land which may
 MAH
be separately assessed with the public revenue ; the
whole property of the rewenue-payers in the melial being
held hypothecated to gowernment for the sum assessed
upon it. Beng- Reg- xlii. l808, ch. 2, sect. 2, and xi.
1822, sec. 29. Under the Mohammadan gowernment the
term was also applied to a head or department of mis
cellaneous revenue derived from a tax on some parti
cular class of things or persons, as, Mahal-ā-hdgha2, the
tax or duty on paper ; Mdh-ā-mahdl, the duty on fish ;
Nimak-mahdl, the revenue derived from the monoply of
the sale of salt ; Mahdl-abkftri, the department of the
excise : so in Karnata, IMahdlu। (ं9व्व्)eo) meant revenue,
or Sources of revenue, chiefly territorial, but comprising
other objects. In Puraniya, the items of the willage Hast
o-bud, were termed mahdls : the word is in fact very
vaguely employed, In some places a certain right is in
tended, capable of being rented, as the Mom mahdl, or
right to the wax found in the forests of a given tract. In
Cuttack, the plural IMahdldt was applied to the lands
which paid the full assessment to the state, in contrast to
the Kil4jait, or military estates paying a guit-rent only.
Mahalddr, Beng. (भश्लप्तोल्) An officer in charge of a dis
trict ; also the occupant or proprietor of an estate.
Mahalddr, Mar. (महालदारं) A government officer in charge
of the revenue and police of a district.
Mahail.jhadt{, or -jharti, Mar. (from झडती, an account)
Annual rough statement of the receipts and disbursements
of a district.
Mahdlhari, Mar, Gu2. (महालकरी) A revenue and police
officer in charge of a district : in the former department
he was usually subordinate to the Kamagisddr ; in the
latter he was accountable to the government direct, or
to its representative in the district: he has latterly been
invested with the same police authority as the II/6malat
८/८/”. Act xx. l8:9छे. _
}/ahalla, corruptly, Mohulla, H. (Ass), J/ahalld, Beng.
(घट्ल्लl), IMahal6ं, Mar. (महला) A division of a town, a
५uarter, a ward. ५*
Mahalladdr, H. &c. (,leAl~०) An officer in charge of a
particular Guarter of the town, bound to give information to
the Darogha of the police of any disorderly conduct, or
the presence of culprits : the Regulations seem to have con
templated a female agent also in each ward, subordinate to
the police, under the title of Mohaladarin. Beng. Reg.xxii.
I798, sec. 80.
_ 819
MAH।
JMahalli, H. (.}=*) A eunuch, an attendant on the female
apartments.
JMahdl-masrut, Beng. (मश्नमयूड, from the A. keA~०) An
estate held on certain stipulated conditions.
Mahal-ā-magjrd, H. (A. ],~९d)~ं) Place of obeisance : set
tlement of accounts.
JMahal-namodr4, IBeng. (भशनिन७ङिl) Districts set apart for
the payment of followers or troops.-Chittagong.
Mahal-patti, Mar. (महालपट्टी)A composition formerly levied
for the farm of the sale of spirituous liguors at Bombay.
Mahal-84dir-7cdrid, Mar. (महाल सादिरं वारिद) Contingent
charges in the fiscal and police administration of a district.
JMahalsard, H. (P. ]~c)=*) The inner or female apartments.
Mahal-sibandi,Mar.(महालसिंबंदी) Police and revenue 1?eons,
or armed servants attached to the magistrate and collector.
MAHALA, MAHALI,MAHALWA,Mar. (महाला, महाली, माहाख्या)
A term of courtesy affixed to the names of barbers.
MAHAR, or MHAR, corruptly, MHER, MHAO, Mow, Mar.
(महार:, महार) A man of a low caste, retained on the village
establishment for the performance of the lowest menial
offices, as those of a scavenger : he is also the village
messenger, and is sometimes employed as watchman : also
the name of the caste or tribe.
IMahdrk{, Mar. (महारकी) The office andrights of the Mahaं,..
Mahdrki-ncatam, Mar. (महारकीवतन) The allowances and
perguisites, in land or grain, of the Mah८r.
Mahdrpunj, Mar. (महारपुन्त्र) The portion of the crop given
to the Malldr as his perguisite. _
Mahdrmahdrk{, Mar. (महारमहारकी) An impost levied on
the grants or perGuisites assigned to the Mahdr.
Mahdrmard, or -frd?’d, Mar. (महारवडा, -वाडा) The ward or
५uarter of a village, usually outside of it, occupied by per
sons of the Malldr caste.
MAHARA, Uriya (१|१|9२l) Water-courses.
MAHARI, Uriya (१|६|9२1) A dancing girl attached to a temple.
MAHASATI, Thug. Cry of a single jackall, usually a bad omen.
MAHASH, H. (A. c*'s*) Goods, effects.
MAHAWAT, H. (A. &'s*) Partition of usufruct, as when each of
two sharers enjoys a part of the thing possessed in common,
or where each has the whole alternately.
MAH BAS, H. (A. U~~:s*) A prison, a place of confinement.
Mahbtts, H. (A. U~xxx*) Confined, imprisoned, a prisoner.
Mahbas-k//ina, H. (A. P. Ads U~9ंee) A jail, a prison.
Mahbits-sundd, H. (A. Aw U~9As*) Awarrantof committal,
a mittimus.
 MAH
MAJDI, H. (A. ॰**ं) A guide : the twelfth and last of the
Imftms or Successors of 4li, whom the Shia Mohammadans
believe to be still alive.
MAHI, Thug. The sacred pick-axe.-Dakhini Thngs.
MAHivA:I, or MEwAs, Gu2. (*t४tettथll) Properly, an
inhabitant of the country along the Mahf river, but applied
especially to the tribes in that guarter who subsisted by
lawless and predatory practices.
MAirf MURATIE, H. (P. A. ५--Gy०.*५०) The dignity of the
fish : the privilege of having carried before a man ofrank
the representative of a fish, or part of it, of metal gilt,
borne upon a pole with two circular gilt balls similarly
elewated ; conferred formerly as a mark of distinction by
the king of Delhi on individuals of the highest order
only: one of the latest, or perhaps the last exercise of this
favour was the grant of the privilege to I.ord Lake, by
Shah Alam.
MAHiTA, corruptly, MoHEETA, H. (४ka.ºse) Land within the
Supply of a well, but irrigated from it only in alternate
years. See Chak.
MAJt R, H. (A. A#--*), incorrectly, MAHUR, Prohibited.
In Mohammadan law, an inhibited slave ; one who is in
competent to buy, sell, or transact any business on his
own account, as opposed to JM62atr, a licensed slave.
MAHKAMA-AUKAF, H. (-Gu) *****) Local agency ः a
court of trust, certain officers of the government charged
with thesuperintendence ofpublic buildings andendowments.
MAHI.U F, H. (A. ५-39=*) Sworn, taking an oath.
Mahl५f alehi, A. (*** ५-9=*) Sworn to, the act or
article respecting which an affidavit is made.
MAi R, incorrectly, MIHR, H. (A. ु*ं) Dower, marriage-gift
or portion settled upon a wife before marriage ः it may
be either lfudjil (U*०), prompt, immediate, or Murogjil
(Jº-*ं) deferred to some specified time ः if no amount of
dower is agreed upon at the time of marriage, the wife is
entitled to a customary provision, -Malir-ā-mis', or one
Suited to her condition. The written contract of dower or
marriage-settlement.
"falartind, H. (9*५-्) A fee paid to the Kagi at a wedding.
JMalur-ndma, H. (A-49~ं) A deed of dower or settlement ;
the document in which it is specified.
MAHRUs, or MAHRUsA, H. (A. U~9=*, A~9x*) Guarded,
protected.
AMam/ilik-malirtisa, H. (A. &~9)=* ५4-JA-०) Well go
verned or protected provinces, those subject to established
820
MAH
sovereign power : the term was applied to the territories
of the Moghal
MAHst L, MUHsoot., corruptly, MoHSooL, H. &c. (A. J;~*,
महेमूल)lit. Collected, levied : revenue duty, public income
` from any source, as land, customs, excise, and the like :
the produce or return realiZed from any thing
JMahasil, H. (A. c) ०७ञ्-*) Produce, profit.
Italāilu, Tel. (३०Oंप्राप्(Coeo) The produce of land, the
harvest, the crop.
_
IIMahdsulu-ddirudu, Tel. (P.)le) An officer employed to pre
vent the clandestine remowal of the produce of a field,
before the revenue has been paid.
Mahstilddr, H. Ole!}~=*) Wielding, or having, a profit ः
a collector or receiver of taxes.
JMahstil-i-sdir, H. (A. A५J}~~*) The produce of mis
cellaneous duties and customs : amount of miscelianeous
duties or excise on Salt.
Mahstili, H. &c. (A;~*, महमुली) Relating to revenue
or taxeS.
JMahassil,H. (A.03-॰), IMahsil, or Mausil, Beng. (भजिन्नं,
८ब्रेजिल) A native collector of revenue, a tax-gatherer, a
collector of imposts, a bailiff; an officer especially deputed
to realiZe arrears of revenue, to recover a debt, or to pre
vent the escape of any one. See Mohassalu.
Mahassili, H. (A. ७.}-3*ं) The office of tax or custom
collector.
JMuhassildna, H. (A. c.ju2-*) The fees or perguisites of
the bailiff or tax-gatherer, &c.
MAHTA, H. (U4०) A scribe, a clerk, an agent or man of
business : (it is probably the same as the next but one
below).
MAHTADI, H. (.settee) A head village peon ः a village
bailiff or constable.
MAHTo, H. (*+०, S. महत, great) The head man of a vil
lage : (in Behar), the head of a caste or trade; an agent
or representative of a Zamindār, employed to collect the
revenue and manage the affairs of a village.
MAHTUs, (?) A cultivator of the poppy.
MAHUA, or MAHwA, H, (S. ';*ं), MAUA, Beng. (मङेयi)
The Bassia latifolia, a tree of which the nuts yield a sub
stance used for butter, and the flowers a spirituous liguor
by distillation.
MAHZAR, H..(A.)-4=*, from ,-4-, being present), Tel.
(ंO3GoagंO) A general application or representation, a
statement laid before a judge, a public attestation, or a
 MAI
document attested by a number of persons professing to be
cognisant of the circumstances of the case, and submitted,
with their signatures, to the court ; also, in the Northern
Sirkars, a writtem agreement given by the Ryots con
jointly to the government for the performance of any duty.
Mahgar khdina, corruptly, IITacir khdna, H. (P. AGe-, a
house) A police-station or court.
Mahgar-ndma, H. (P. & ०'G) A written collective attestation,
a list or roll of persons present.
MAI, Beng. (ऽां) An instrument made like a ladder, used as
a harrow.
MAIDA, or MAIRA, H. ('AA-०, मैडा) A scaffold in a corn-field
where a boy is stationed to drive away birds and beasts.
MAIDAN, H. (A. J'AA-०) A plain, an open field or meadow.
MAIGADA, Karn. (ंb5xॐ) A loan without interest.
MAIRADur, Karn. (?) Daily hire.
MAIKARfA, Thug. A barber.
MAILERIr, (?) plur. Karn. A class of slaves in Kamara.
MAIN, Hindi (मेन) A common short grass growing on rich।
and inundated lands, and choaking the crops.
MAINATTA, Mal. (6)6)2fop(oo) A washerman.
MAIND, Mar. ('मंद) A machine for smoothing a ploughed
and sown field. A man of a tribe who are robbers and
murderers.
MAINKAwII.GAr, Karn. (?) A head watchman.
MAISALA, Karn. (ंb5येव्e) A loan without pledge or mort
gage : a loan on a promissory note.
Waisdladapatro, Karn. (ंb8येळ०ॐ*०डै) A promissory
note ; an I O U.
MAIWAT, corruptly, MAIT, Mar. (मैयत , A. --*ं) Blighted,
blasted : extinct, dead.
J/aiyat-pdhani, Mar. (मेयतपाहणी) Inspector of crops re
ported to be blighted.
MAJARA, Karn. (ं98ad) A small village under the super
intendence of the government officers of a town.
MAJARA, H. (],#-५०, from A.५०, what, and )- , has happened)
Circumstances, state, condition, occurrence.
MAJARA, or MAJ RA, Mar. (माञ्जरा) Stupefying, narcotic (as
drugs and vegetables),
'//tjaren, or Mājrem, Mar. (माजग्) The stupefaction pro
duced by the use of narcotic drugs.
MAJA-PH IRyAD, Mar. (माजाफिर्राद), a corruption of M6-2u
.far//td, he who has a complaint: used as an exclamation
to attract the notice of a judicial or other functionary.
MAJAI, Karn. (*9ad०) Second sort of rice land in Mysore,
321
MAJ
producing annually one crop of rice and one of vegetables ,
or dry grain.
MAJAZ, Gls*) Lawful, admissible.
MAJDA, or MAGDA, (?) H. A mixed soil, consisting of clay
and sand.-Rewari.
MAJLIS, H. (A. U~4**) An assembly, a court.
MAJMAL, H. (A. d) ०**) An abstract, a compendium.
MAJM UA, MAJM UAA, vernacularly, MAJM U, or MU.JMoo, and।
MAJU vr, or MUJoO'M, H. &c. (8***, &ey**) Collected,
brought together ; an assemblage ; an aggregate or total.
J/ajmai, Mar. (मजमू) A total, an aggregate : the particular
office or duty of the I/ajmaiddr, ५. v.
Majmud-dir, H. ()'Ae9Aञ्-*), Majumddr, Beng. (मञ्जूषाङ्गोत्र)
amd Tel. (ंoa४०८ग्ॐ), JMajmiddr, or Mujmatddr, Mar.
(मजमूदार, मुजमूदाग्), also, Majmuddr, GuZ. (*t6४ंशु९॥२),
JMijumdair,Tam. (JPetbgrrघै) A native revenue-account
ant, one who keeps the account of the Jama, or government
collections under the native governments ः in Hindustan
he was the revenue accountant of a district subordinate to
the finil or manager, and remowable at pleasure : he kept
the accounts of the revenue settlements, audited those of the
hdnum//o, and possessed a general power of scrutiniZing
the revenue accounts and assets of his district : he was
also sometimes the receiver and auditor of the rents paid
to the Zamindar. In Bengal the designation has become,
in some cases, a hereditary appellation. In Maratha finance
the Majmaiddr, was a kind of auditor whose function it
was to inscribe all writs and deeds, and to write on all
accounts of receipts and disbursements, after examination
and approval, the words, Marttib sitd', a corruption of
the Arabico-Persian phrase Marattab shud, it has been
arranged, In GuZerat the title is given to the keepers of
the parjana revenue records, who have held the office as
a hereditary right since the settlement of Todar Mal, and
are paid by fees charged on the willages, In the Tamil
countries, a district revenue accountant.
MAJt yr, more correctly, MAJUN, H. &e. (A. *, J***)
A confection, an electuary, but commonly applied to a sort
of sweetmeat prepared from the larger leaves and capsules
of the hemp plant, with water, ghee, Sugar, and milk,
boiled together : when of a sufficient consistence the mix
ture is poured on a slab, where it concretes into a thin
cake, which is divided into small loZenge-shaped pieces :
the effects of any of the preparations to the extent of one
drachm, are intoxicating : there are other modes of pre
4 N
 MAJ
paring the mंjaim in the state of an electuary or a de
coction.
MAJURA-DAST, Mar. (मजुरा। दास्त, from A. magjrd, deduction,
and P. d4sht, what has) Allowance or deduction made to
the Ryots on account of grain, grass, &c., furnished by
them on special reguisition.
MAJUS, H. (P. U~**) A Magian, a Parsf or fire-worshipper,
a magician.
MAJwi, Mar. (माजवंी) A level platform made on the slope of
a hill by digging from above and banking from below.
MAKA, H. &c. (K०, मका) Indian corn (Zea mays).
J/akdiad,Mar. (मकाणा) A single grain ofmai2e, plur. (मकाणे)
Indian-corn parched.
MAKAI, GuZ. (*tu%&t) Ascertaining the revenue of a field
by weighing the produce in grain.
MAKALAT, (A. ं॰०), plur. MAA KIL, corruptly, MAwA KIL
(OG५॰) Fine for bloodshed ः homicide for which atone
ment has been paid.
MAKAN, H. &c. (P. ७४-्) A place, a station, an office.
JMakdnddr, H. &c. (from ु'e, who has) An officer, a place
man: in the south of India it is commonly applied to a
person in charge of, or having the management of a Mo
hammadan mosGue.
MA KBARA, H. (A. 9ं) A burial-place, a tomb.
MA KBt ZA, H. (A. ५39ं-०, from U4:G, holding) Occupied,
tenanted ; as the lands of a willage.
MAkHAyrA, Tel. (ं939ं9) A taxor assessment for a religious
purpose.
MA KHARIJ, corruptly, MOKHARIJE, H. (A. हं,s* ; plur.
]/akhraj दः)**) IDisbursements, outgoings : as a revenue
term, deductions from the revenue, alienations, assignments
of portions of the government claim, remissions of revenue
due by the Zamindars on account of lands dismembered
or alienated. _
MARH LAsi, MAKit LAsi, Mar. (मखलाशी, -सी, from the A.
७~***, setting free, &c.) Name of the mark affixed to
grants, assignments, and other documents issued by the
government ः grand total of an account : end of an affair,
as of a law-Suit, &c.
MA Kr Lt', corruptly, MUCKI.ooT, MUH LooT, H. (A• 'e9-*ं)
Mixed, blended; applied to lands recently annexed to an
estate or district not originally part of it.
MARH MAI, MUKHyl UL, H. (A. 9Ass) Welvet.
MAKKAM, Tel. (ंगं_०) Rate of exchange of coins of dif
ferent currencies.
322
MAL
MAHRAR, Thug. A Rajput, of whatewer calling.
MAKKI, Karn. (ं) The worst kind of rice land.
MAkR, or MAkAn, H. &c, (A. A~) Fraud, imposition.
JMakar, H. (A. )'ं) A cheat, a swindler, an impostor.
MAKRU H, H. (A. %Aं) Wicked, abomimable : applied in
law to actions which the law condemns as wrong, but
does not invalidate.
MAKstj M, H. (A. •x“*ं)Divided, partitioned, as property :
a portion, a share, See JKism.
MARTA, also, MUKATTA, corruptly, MUGTA, MoKTA, ver
nacularly, MARTA, and MAkHTA, H. (A. eeं) Cutting,
cutting off Mar. Gu2. (मक्ा) A contract, an agreement
_
for work. Tel. (ंOsं) Rent, rate, a fixed rate or rent.
See IBilmaktd.
-Makt4guttd, Mar. Tel. (मक्तागुक्ता) A contract or lease of
land at a fixed stipulated rate, not liable to extra cesses;
the land so held.
JMaktdkaalu, Tel. (6osःइा"e७) Am agreement under
which land is held at an annual guit-rent for a stipulated
period.
JMaktekari, IMakteddr, or Makhtehar{, Mahhteddr, Mar.
(मक्करी, मक्तदार्, मखतेकरी -दारं) A contractor, a farmer,
one holding land at a fixed rent.
Mahhta-shista, Tel. (ं939.2ं) A fixed rent.
MAkZt F, A. (-3}ं-्) Falsely accused of adultery (man or
woman),
MAL, corruptly, MAUL, MHAL, MAHAL, H. &c. (Uue), MALU,
or MAHALU (which is a vernacular corruption), Tel.
of (ंOCeo, ॐOंGeeo) Wealth, goods, effects, property of
any description : in Mohammadan law it is sometimes
used for personal as opposed to real property, or for money
as distinguished from goods and chattels: in India it was
used for the public revenue from any source whatever, but
more especially for that derived from land, to which sense,
as a fiscal term, it is now restricted, or the revenue claimed
by the government from the produce of cultivated lands,
the mealth of the state.
Mal-ddalat, H. (A. ५--Joecl५०) A revenue court in which
all duestions between the government and landholders, and
between them and their temants, or officers charged with
the collections, and over which the collector presided, were de
termined: these courts were abolished by Ben. Reg. ii. l799.
IIIdld4r, H. (9leJ५०) The possessor or holder of property.
JMaldhan{, H. (Lंoe.J५०, from S. धनी, wealthy) The pos
sessor of property, especially of land.
 MAL
|lfileg, Mar. (माले) Pecuniary aid towards the recovery of
an attached farm which the cultivator endeavours to collect
by going round the neighbourhood with a small plough
hung round his neck, and begging.
JMal-gugdr,or lfal-goo2ar, H. 9|33.J५०), Mil-jujar, Beng.
(मानभूञ्जीत), Jralagujara, Tel (ंग’cox०eट’ॐ०) The
person who pays the revenue assessed on an estate or vil
lage, whether on his own behalf or as the representative
of others, and whether he be sole or joint proprietor, or a
holder under a proprietor or the state, and whether he pay
the revenue to a proprietor or Zamindar, or to the officers
of the gowernment. _ paying revenue to gowernment.
JHugdr4-,orSadr-Mailju:dr, H. 9AG५४9A“ , ८-994-) Aper
son who pays his revenue to the public or prificipal trea
sury, without the intervention of a proprietor or farmer,
or subordinate native collector : also the one amongst a
number of co-sharers through whom the revenue of the
rest, or of a certain portion of them, is paid ; the same
as Lambarddr.
IMaghdr4-Mail.jugdr, H. 9'AC५० ५.9x*6-०) A payer of re
venue through the intervention of a subordinate native
collector, or a proprietor or contractor.
-Mail.gugdrt, corruptly, Mal1002arry, H. (-*)) 3ंJ५०) Revenue
assessment ; the payment of land-revenue : also the person
or land subject to such payment.
Malgugdri dima, H. (from the A. &*५) A grant or assign
ment ofland (see Aima) paying a guit-rent ; an assignment
of a portion ofthe government rewenue of an estate for cha
ritable purposes : a grant of waste land, upon a small rent,
to a cultivator, who thereby acGuires a proprietary right
in the soil. Ben. Reg. wiii. l79:}, sec. ix.
Ma-gu:dri-talsil-kul, H. (A. ०५~～', collection, and ckं,
whole) The entire revenue collections.; the net rewenue.
JMalkatn{, Mar. (मालकटनी) A fee for permission to cut
down certain crops.
IIIdlkhdna, H. (from P. Ads-) A treasury, a store-house.
JMalakuddiru, corruptly, IMalcoodar, Tel. (ंoeeosO८ऽ॰ॐS)
The proprietor of an estate, a temporary renter or farmer :
(this may be a modification of Malik, ५. w)
Ifali, H. (A. ८9-॰) Relating to wealth or to revenue.
JMali-peshkar, H. 9%**५७५०) A revenue accountant.
JMaliat, H. (A. ५~''~) Wealth in the abstract, property,
possessions ; value of any thing. lt is said to be also ap
plied in GuZerat to lands producing the most valuable
kinds of crops, as Sugar-cane, pepper, ginger, &c. : (but
328
MAL
perhaps, in this sense it is derived from Ifdli, a gardener,
implying garden ground),
-Mal-n५ft, H. (P. ५-3-०, gratis) Property acguired without
cost or labour, property given away without reguital or
benefit.
-Mal--sair, H. (A. A५०, rest, remainder) Revenue from
customs and other sources exclusive of land.
JMal-0-matdd, H. (A. 8५२ 9 J५०) Money and goods.
JMaliodjib, H. (A. ५--~～-५०, right) Fixed and proper revenue,
which it is reduisite or customary to pay.
-Mailugamsdri-bhttmi,Tel. (ंoveox००० eंशः२७) ILand
JMalicujihat, vernacularly corrupted to Maljihat, H. (A.
५-५*-9 , plur. of najh &#-9, mode, manner), Malldl0jhd,
Te1. (ॐoंगंT०CGº) A general or collective term for
the revemue received from the land.
JMil:(imin, vernacularly, Malidmin, H. &c, (७०-4l०, माल
जामिन) A surety for the payment of a demand against the
baillee in contradistinction to a surety for appearance.
IIIdil:dmini, or Milidmini, H. &c. (_*१५4५०॥ मालजामिनी)
Security for payment of money.
MAAL, H. (JLe) End, issue.
JMadl-amdesh?, H. (A*५AGJ५०) Consideration of the end
। or conseduence.
MAI.A, or MALAI, Mar. (मळ्ा, मलई) A garden or plan
tation of edible vegetables. Rich low ground, of alluwial
origin, bearing double crops, or Sown with vegetables.
MALA, Mar. (माळ्) Any extended tract of ground, a plain,
a down.
JMaljamim, Mar. (माळजमीन, P. २amin) Open country, a
barren or uncultivated plain : land of inferior Guality, or
that which is situated on the sides of hills, or on ridges
which, although they may be ploughed, cannot be irrigated,
and producing only the autumnal crops.
IMali, Mar. (माळठी) Lewel arable land on the acclivity of
a hill.
JMalamcat, Mar. (माळवट) Abounding in open barren tracts :
a district or country.
IIMalist, Mar. (?) A term applied in the Daing to inferior
and open land in the second year of its being brought into
cultivation after lying fallow for some time.
MAI.A, Tel. ( 9) Of or belonging to the Paria caste.
JMalardda, Tel. (ंग`9~य`ॐ9) A man of the Paria caste.
MALA, H. &c. (S. L०, माला) A garland, a chaplet, a string
of flowers or of beads, worn either as a necklace or a
 MAL
rosary, and made up of different substances according to
the sect of the wearer.
JMaildhdr, H. &c. 0,४}'-०, मालाकार) A maker ofgarlands ;
a gardener. See the next.
Mali, corruptly, Molly, H. &c. (Ls'~ । माली) A gardener,
one who cultivates and sells vegetables, fruits, and flowers,
as the occupation of his caste ; also the name of the caste.
In the Maratha country the mdlः (माळी), is distinguished
by the article he chiefly cultivates ; as, Jiri-mdli, grower
of cummin and other aromatic seeds ; Phttl-ndli, grower
of flowers, &c ः Mali (with the simple l) is a civil affix
to the names of barbers, as, JDas-mdlt, &c.
MALA, Mal. (2ea), MALAl, Tam. (Laॐo), MALE, Karn.
( ँo d) A hill.
Itala-krushi, Mal. (2eaं;ree) Hill cultivation.
J/alandda, or Malndd, Mal. (2e-ACO2s) A hilly country,
applied to Malabar.
MALACHIA, (?) H. A class of thieves and dishonest persons in
Bengal, now apparently extinct. Ben. Reg. xxii. l798, sec. x
MALAMAsA, or MALAMAs, S. &c. (मलमास, from मल, soil,
dirt, and मास, a month) An intercalary month, in which
no religious ceremonies should be performed.
MALAN, Beng. (मलन्ग्) Rubbing, threshing corn.
-Malani/%, Beng. (भलनिरपl) A thresher of corn.
MALANG, H. (S. e-A.०) A Mohammadan mendicant who
lets his hair grow loose and uncombed.
MALANGA, Uriya (नR9f) A place where salt is made.
J/alangi, IMalumgee, corruptly, Molungee, H. Beng. &c.
(U*-९, घन**ी) A salt-maker, a labourer employed in
mānufacturing salt.
Pdhā-malangi, Uriya (a॥६-1नF.६r) A salt-maker working
at a different willage from his own.
Thdnā-malangi, Uriya (थ|१1नRं) A salt-maker working
in his own willage. _ _
Jfalang-chard, or -chardin, Uriya (१R9fG9२l) Land on
which salt may be, or has been, made, but which may have
been brought into cultivation : (in Cuttack the term occurs
JMalaghna-chara, but ? if correct)
MAI.ANi, Mar. (मळ्णी) Threshing or treading out corn.
Jfalaighar, Mar. (मळ्णकर) A thresher.
MALAwATf, incorrectly, MALAwANTf, Tel. (ॐoe:3&) Extra
or additional assessment rated on the growing crops in pro
portion to their apparent richness.
|
MALAyAN, (?) Mal. The designation of a caste of slaves in ।
Kanara and Malabar.
824
MAL
Jlfalacdram, Mal. (2eAo-l2(o०) Hill produce, a tax on hill
produce.
Malacari, Mal. (2eao-lfol) A pass or ghat over the
mountains.
Malayalam, Mal. (2eAG2)3) ०) The country on the west of
the Malaya mountains, the province of Malabar.
MALAw, (?) Mar, A variety of black mould liable to be
flooded im the rains.
MALB.{, H. (५-९, lit. sweepings) Willage expenses, usually
liguidated in the same manner as the public assessment ;
the principal items in the north-western provinces are thus
enumerated ः feeding the members of the community when
absent on public duty, or those of other willages on a visit,
feeding religious mendicants, payments to subordinate
police and rewenue officers, allowance to willage watchmen,
remuneration to individuals for losses incurred in supply
ing cattle and carts for public service, loss on exchange
on coins with which the revemue is paid, repairing tanks
and wells, fines imposed for plundered property when traced
within the boundary of the willage, presents to dancers,
singers, jugglers, and the like, for amusing the inhabitants,
charitable gifts, interest on monies borrowed on account
of the community, expense of religious worship, occasional
ceremonies and festivals, expenses of the Patrodr? or ac
countant, charge for oil and lights for the place of assembly
and the person in charge of it, expenses of Panchaiats
collected on the business of the willage, funeral expenses
of a head man or any respectable member, marriage ex
penses of neighbours when passing through the willage, &c.;
the total varied from l0 to I2 per cent. on the public
asseSSment.
JMalba-kharch, H. (from ॐः)*-) Willage expenses.
MALBUS, H. (A. U~*~) Clothed, clothing.
-Malbus-klids, H. (A. ८~～-, q. w.) An annual investment
of fine muslins, formerly furnished from Dacca for the
royal wardrobe at Delhi.
MALAICHARPU, Tam. (Lo&5७ळै GrT टैrL) Hilly country, land।
on the slope of a hill (from J/alai, Tam. and Karn., a hill).
JMalegaladamelu, Karn. (ंoठैKe)6र्रeo) A kind of rice
growing on the slope of a hill in Mysore.
JMalaipunain, Tam. (Laeco-प्रta) Hilly or rocky soil, not
fit for cultivation.
-Malecar, Karn. (ंoॐञ्छ6) A tribe of hill men in the
Nagar district of Mysore, said to be the aboriginal land
holders.
 MAL
Walacelam, Mal. (2e-l6ीo-le-lmt) Atribe of mountaineers.
MALFt F, H. (A. ५-3;0-॰), MALPUPU, Tel. ( ँoe)ं9गश्3८))
Enclosed ; an enclosure, what is sent in a bag or cower.
MALfo E, Tel. (ं6७-oं)7रं) A chamber or cell on the lower floor
of a large or public building, opening to the street, and
used as a shop or warehouse.
MALIK, MULIK, H. (A. ७429-०, from mulli, a kingdom) A
king', a Sowereign.
MALI K, H. (A. ५4-५५०, from milk ५4-५०, possession, property),
MALA K, MALiK,Mar.(मालक, मालीक) A master, an owner,
a proprietor : a cultivator possessing a hereditary or pro
prietary right in the land he cultivates, or a person having
a beneficial and hereditary interest in the revenue paid by
the cultivators, and responsible to the government for its
share; hence considered applicable,in Bengal, to Zamindārs,
and in the north-west provinces to the head man of a vil
lage, or to any member of the community who holds a part
of the land in proprietary right, and is sometimes permitted
to engage for the payment of the whole of the rewenue
assessed upon it; hence also designated as Malik-mukad
dam, or Mdlih-2aminddr.
-Malikaina, corruptly, Maliconna, H. (AG\ंJu०) Pertaining
or relating to the J/dlik, or proprietor, as his right or due ;
applied, especially in revenue language, to an allowance
assigned to a Zamindftr, or to a proprietary cultivator, who
from some cause, as failure in paying his revenue, or de
clining to accede to the rate at which his lands are as
sessed, is set aside from the management of the estate, and
the collection and payment of the revenue to government,
which offices are either transferred to another person, or
taken under the management of the gowernment collector :
in such case a sum not less than ँ per cent., and not exceed
ing I0 per cent., on the nett amount realiZed by the govern
ment was finally assigned to the dispossessed landholder.
Ben. Reg. i. viii. xliii. 1799 ; vii, I822. It was also
applied formerly to an allowance made to the head man
by the other willagers, or when authorised to collect and
pay the revenues of the village, by the state.
Malikana-klidngi, H. (from JAG'*-, ५. w) Fees levied on
cultivators by a landholder for his household expenses.
JMailikdina rusttm, H.(A. •*) Proprietary dues.
Malikhi88a, H. (A. &4-, a share) The share of the owner,
or of the state.
.Mill, or Milkiat, corruptly, Milik, H. (A. ५4-५-० ५-ं4-2),
Milah, less correctly, Mclak, Hindi (मिलकं, मेलक) Land
:92छे
MAM
held in absolute property, and free of rent.-Puraniya.
Property, ownership, possession.
Milladdr, H. (P. )le, who has) The possessor of lands in
absolute property.
JMulkā, H. ५.*~'' मुलकी) lit. Of or belonging to a kingdom,
or to a province : especially applied to an aera in use in
some places, as in Puraniya, which is ome month in ad
vance of the Fasli year beginning with the Ist of Sracan.
Malikiat, H. (c“~ंAla) Ownership, proprietorship, the
right of the M(tlik.
MALISH, H. (P. U*"५०) Rubbing ; but used in the Northern
Sirkars for threshing and freading-out corn.
IMalishd4r, H. (P. 9le, having) Superintendant of the
threshing-floor. See the last.
MAL-JAMiN, (?) Mar, A variety of red or light brown soil
spread thinly ower rocks, stony and poor, distinguished
as Mal-murad, and Mal-barad (?)
MALKANpl, Uriya (१RGls)).A heap or stack of salt.
MALLA, MULLA, H. &c. (S. 9-०, मज्ञ) A boxer, a wrestler :
the name of the caste following such practices.
MALLA, Tel. (ंoं). A fee in grain paid to the village potter.
MALLAH, H. (A. "-3) A sailor, a boatman t a maker of salt.
MALLAR, Tam. (LasfrerTघै) Agricultural labourers of the
JPallar tribe. Cultivators generally.
MALLU, Tel. (?) Beds of salt ; also plur. of IMadi, fields.
MALMARD, (?) Mar, A sort of soil, the same as Mal.jamin,
but darker.
MALyrAL, H. (UAL०) Muslin.
MALMALA, H. (LAL०) Brackish, as water.
MALNADU,Karn.(*श्9यं७) The woody andhilly districts
df Nagar in Mysore.
MAMERA, H. (S. ],*~०) Relating to a maternal uncle.
JMainera-bludi, or -baluin, H. (from ५st#, a brother, or
c98 । * sister) A first cousin by the mother’s side, the son
or daughter of a mother’s brother.
MAMIA-SAS, H. (S. U~५५*-3) Husband’s or wife's maternal
aunt.
-Mamisasur, H. (from A~~०, S. श्वशुरं) Husband’s or wife’s
maternal uncle.
MAM LU K, H. (A. ५-'; ~०) Possessed, having as a possession
or property: In Mohammadan law, a purchased slave ; also
a child brought up in the house of another.
MAM U, Thug. One who knows Thugs, and extorts money not
to betray them.
MAM U, also, but less usually, MAMA, H. &c. (*५० ५ ५५०),
4 O
 MAN
MAMA, Mar. (मामा) MAMAN, Tam. (LorTLocठैा ), A ma-
ternal uncle, a mother’s brother. MAMf, H. &c. (.**ं)
Mar. (मामी) A matermal uncle's wife.
MAN, Tam. (Lo८ठ्ठा ) Earth, ground, land.
Manmukkudaiyaran, Tam. (L००षॆाgं9Jफैट्ट,&P-u-6uळैी)
A proprietor of land, a landlord.
Manmakkal, Tam. (La०ठ्ठाupठैeB6'r) Men of the fourth, or
serwile tribe.
MAN, MUN, commonly, MAUND, H. &c. (७~, मनं, from the
A. mann छै*) Hebrew mann), MAHANA, Uriya (१६)et),
MANUGU, Tel. (ंOं२०7०) A measure of weight of
general use in India, but warying in value in different
places. Four principal varieties are specified by Mr. Prin
sep ; 1. the Bengal maund, containing 40 sers ; 2. the
?naund of Central India, consisting of half the guantity,
or 20 sers ; 8. the maund of GuZerat, consisting of 40
sers, but of lesser walue, making the Bombay maund 28lb.
avoirdupois ; and 4. the maund of Southern India, fixed
by the Madras government at 2छेlb. In Bengal there were
also two kinds of maunds, the IB42dr maund, of the value
above described, or, more correctly, 82lb., being based upon
the computation of 80 sicea rupees to a ser, and 40 sers
to the ?maund, the rupee weighing I79.G66 Tr. grs. ;
and the Factory maund, introduced into the Company's
commercial transactions in l787, apparently for the con
venience of converting it into English weight, the Fac
tory maund being = 74lb. 10 oZ. 10,000 drs., and three
Such maumds being almost exactly egual to 2 cwt. In
I838 the Bengal government directed the discontinuance of
both in the public offices,and established a maund weighing
I00lb. troy, or 87#lb. avoirdupois, based upon the change
of the weight of the rupee to I80 grs. troy, which made
the new maumd heawier by #ths of a pound. The maumd
of Akbar’s time was edual to but 84ंlb. ; and still, in
warious parts of India, great differences prevail, extending
from 25lb., as at Bombay and in Mysore, to I68lb., the
weight of the maund in some parts of the district of Ahmad
nagar, in which the highest values occur : the term is used
rather laxly in the west of India as the unit of land measure,
one man being egual to four rukas, or I0 paj/alis, or $2
adholis, or 40 chakurs, G. v. The Hebrew Wamm, or IIMamah,
from which, through Arabic, the Indian word is derived,
corresponded more nearly to the ser, being but l8,I25 troy
grains, or less than 2lb. avoirdupois.
J}/ami/ 0, GuZ. (*tu(l?u) The vessel or weight by which
320;
MAN
| the maumd is measured or weighed, or a jar holding that
" duantity, a stone weighing a maund, &c.
MANA, vernacularly, MAN, S. &c. (७-९॥ मान) Pride, dignity,
honour, respect.
_
Manahdni, S. &c. (मानहानि) Loss of character or reputation.
IIIdmahāna, S. &c. (मानहीन) Disreputable, vile.
IIIdnkar{, corruptly, Mancurry, Mar. (S. मानकर्णी) Arespect
able man, a gentleman, a title borne by the descendants
of those persons who held Man8abs under the Moham
madan princes of the Dakhin : a person entitled to certain
marks of respect, and to presents at public assemblies and
festivals : in the jargon of the Thugs it denotes the man
who selects the spot for murdering and burying travellers.
IManpdm, Mar. (मानपान) Any honorary rights or privileges
attached to respectability of station or official rank : the
honours and presents due to the J/4nkarं, the rights of the
willage hereditary officers, &c.
MANA, vernacularly, MAN, S. &c. (मान) Measure in general,
whether of length, capacity, or weight.
MANA, Uriya (१|el) A land measure e५ual to 25 gunthas.
Cuttack.
Jlf4napani, Uriya (१|el9६ी) A fee payable to Zamindars,
usually one pam of kauris per bijhd.
MANA, and MANIKE, corruptly, MANKEDU, Tel. (3ov,७,
ॐ७-७२)Tह) A measure of capacity in the Telinga countries,
in some of which eight, in others sixteen, make one Tatm
lldna, (?) A measure of capacity egual to abouthalf a ser,
or one-fourth of a pditha, of grain or salt ; hence, also, a
measure ofland, as much as may be sown by a mdna of
grain.-Kamaon.
JMdma-chot?ral, (?) A rent-free grant for life.-Kamaon.
MANA, H. (A. ं…), MANA,Beng: (मनi), MANAi,Mar. (मनाई),
Prohibition, forbidding ; also, in Mar., MANA (मना), For
bidden, prohibited.
II/andchith{, Mar. (मनाचिठी) A written prohibition, a coun
termand.
IMandtuhsil, Uriya (११)|६६१1R) Prohibited or illegal col
lections.
MANAl, Tam. (Lc&ठा), MANE, Karn. (ं9र्र) A house, a
dwelling ; the ground on which a house stands, and
that which is adjacent and attached to it, a back yard, a
garden, and the like : it also denotes land held in a vil
lage ; and when the word is used by itself in deeds of
transfer in the Tamil provinces, it signifies ground con
veyed without the rights and privileges accompanying IWं
 MAN
rds; holdings : as applicable to village lands, they are
distinguished as U1-manai, (26`TLaॐ०ा), those within
the site of the willage, and Para-manai (t-DrucॐठT),
those beyond the site. Manai, is also the name of a land
measure edual to 2400 kulis, or Sguare feet, or the 24th
part of a kami : the proper form is a paralellogram of 00
feet by 40, being in fact considered as the measure of land
suited to the site of a house.
IMandbddige, Karn. (ंoर्रeंऽग्ळ०7ं) House-rent.
IMandbesdyada-blutimi, Karn. ( ॐoत्रँeंत्येळ०ऽo6a.o-e२०)
Land cultivated by Zamindārs through their own domestic
servants or slaves.
IMamaichittu, Tam. (Lo&ठठा' ँ*CPu1-(B) A deed of grant or
a title-deed for the site of a house.
JMan6guttige,Mandterige,Mandderugi,Karn.(ं9बै९?०ँ,7ं)
&c.) House-taxes.
JMandhesaru, Karn. (ं9बै९ॐं७) A house or family
name : every family in Karnata has what is called a house
name, taken from that of the willage or occupation, and
prefixed to the proper name of the individual.
Mamaikkatta, or Manaikkattu-mic68anam,Tam.(Lc&ऽठा' ँ
GBL-(B), Lc&ठाफैट्ELOpठी66Lecणta) The ground or site
of a house.
JManai-hiraj/a-chittu,Tam.(LcॐटTकैeीDru-"डै' ँtं-6) Abill
of sale of the site of a house.
IManaikolacan, Tam. (Lcॐ०TेGeBrT606ucठैी) A house
holder : in the Tamil provinces it applies especially to
Miritsidars and other resident members of a willage.
JMamaimu?’i, Tam. (L०&ठठाGPp) A bill of sale for the site
of a house.
JManaicari, Tam. (Laॐटr6-Dh) House-rent, ground-tax
or rent.
IManaicida, Tam. (Laॐण6-fG) A house and the ground on
which itstands,including thewhole area belonging to it, with
the outhouses, offices, yards, and a garden, if not extensive.
MANARATTAI, Tam. (L००ठणड्रेट्टॆव्य-5) A sort of rice.
MANAL, Tam. (La००ष्ठा60), MANALU, Karn. (२9६०eo) Sand.
JMamalachari, Tam. (La०COT60GDh) Soil mixed with sand.
Manaladittarisu, Tam. (Lc००ण60L|} ट्रैट्ठDhe) ILand be
come waste by an accumulation of sand upon it.
ुMamal-taram, Tam. (LB००ण60ंठDia) Sandy soil.
MANAMADU, Tel. (ंoॐUTCं) A grandson. MANAMA
RALU, Tel. (ंO:ॐOCeeo) A granddaughter.
MANAMARf, Tam. (LorTCऽाLorTDh) A reserwoir of water fed
by the rain only.
327
MAN
MANATAPPAN, Mal. (2oorog-irt) A caste of cultivators
originally from Coimbatore, first settled in the Palghftt pro
vince, and intermixed, and often confounded, with the Nairs.
MANAUri, H. &c. (.्,*्), MAsori, Gu” (*tºttell) Bail,
security, a surety ; especially becoming surety for payment
of the revenue to the government, or to a farmer of the
revenue, and receiving a heavy commission from the revenue
payer ; also general agency, brokerage.
JMamaut{-ddr, or Mamot{-ddr, H. &c. 9'e.*ं) A person
becoming surety for a consideration, one becoming Security
to gowernment for revenue payments.
MANAvARI, Tam. (LorTCoा6urTDh) Land of which the cul
tivation depends solely upon rain, not being irrigated arti
ficially ः dry cultivation.
MANAvi,Karn.(ं9.७२) Apetition or reguest made to a superior.
MANCHU, Mal. (26an-J) A single-masted vsssel employed in
the coasting-trade of Malabar of from I0 to 40 tons.
MANDA, S. &c. (मन्द) Slow, dull, stupid : in Beng. &c , wicked.
JManda-ichhah, Manda-bainchak,Uriya (S.१99२११ -G|ध्रं G)
Malice prepense ; malicious desire or purpose.
MANDA, Beng. (मi*ज्i) A seed plot: a ridge of earth round
the foot of a tree to keep in the water.
JMindabdhand, Beng. (भो*जीदी*थi) A plot of ground sur
rounded by a ridge of earth, a seed-bed, a ridge round the
bottom of a tree.
MANpāi, Mar. (मंडई) A vegetable-market, one where greens
and fruit are sold wholesale.
MANDAf, Mar. (मंडाई) A premium or bonus to a money-lender
above the stipulated interest.
MANDAI, Tam. (Laं,००g) A herd, a flock.
-Mandai-marai, or Mandai-parisai, Tam. (Laं,०००्ठ७०
०ठ०p, 6uDhcठ॰G) The right and practice of the Mirfisi
ditrs to have in turn the cattle of the village folded on
their grounds, that they may benefit by the manure.
JMamdaikarai, Tam. (Lof,००gेट्，००प्र) Place to which
cattle are driven for pasture.
-Mamdaia’6li, Tam. (Lof,००्ठ6646rी) A common or open
field for pasturage.
MANi)AL, MUNDUL, H. &c. (J5ं.०, मण्डल) A circle, an orbit;
a district, a province, a country ः in Bengal, where the
term is also read MApAL, (मडल), and corruptly, MUNDLE)
The head man of a village, who sometimes acts as the
agent of the Zamindar, letting the lands and receiving the
rents of the willagers. In Puraniya it is the common title
of any respectable Stidra.
 MAN
MANDAyrAN-MANi, Gu2.(भt०suभtut२tutl) Discount or pre
mium paid to a money-lender ; a bonus paid or deducted
from the sum lent or advanced.
MANDAsrU, Tel. (S. २००ॐं99) Scum, barm, froth.
Jfandaharahada, Tel. (ं9० ँणं9ॐo) A distiller,
one who extracts aud prepares the juice of the palm and
tdri, also an exciseman.
MANpAPA, S., but adopted in most dialects with some slight
modification, as MANDAP, MANDAwA, or MANDAU,MAND
wA, and in the south of India more usually MANTAPA
(मण्डपं), MANयू'APA, Tel. Karn. (ं9०`*०) An open build
ing, a pavilion or temple ; a temporary structure for various
festival occasions, as for receiwing and sheltering idols
when carried in procession, or for the performance of mar
riage or other festive ceremonies.
MANpAsA, Tel. (ंo०ॐं०) A market.
MANDAwf, Mar. GuZ. (मांडवी) A building into which goods
are received from ships in sea-ports, a store, a warehouse,
&c., a custom-house.
Mandaca-khandani,Mar. (मांडवखंडणी) Fee paid at marriages
to the priest or the astrologer.
MANDE, Tel. (ंo०८*) A heap ofthreshed ears of (Junnalu)
Holcus ः a pile of tobacco left to ripen : a place in general.
Mamdegdr, Karn. (ंo०37ज्ठं) A custom-house officer.
MANDEv ENNE, Karn. (ॐo०ॐ०ॐb०ं) An annual tax lewied
in lieu of a maund of oil per each mill, formerly paid to
the Paligars.-Mysore.
MANDf, H. (_ं ॰) A market, a special market, one for any
particular article : perhaps the original of the word Wan
douj/, called, the mart at MirZapur. Reg. ix. l810, sec. 49.
Tel. (ॐ०००) A wholesale shop.
MANDIRA, or MANDIR, corruptly, MANDIL, S. &c. (मन्दिरं)
A dwelling, a temple : in Bengal, usually a small temple
containing a Dinga• Decamandira, a temple, a pagoda.
Rajamandira, a palace. _ asking for a loan ; also a cess or impost formerly levied
MANDUA, H. (मण्डूस्रो) A sort of grain (Eleusine corveana).
MANDwA, H. (',ं ॰) A custom-house or station
MAN E, Karn. (ॐoर्र) A tax.
MANELAvAnt, Tel. (ॐ9त्ऽथ`०्ण” ॐ9) An itinerant dealer
in coral and gems ; commonly termed a Manilla-man,
but probably from Mani, S. a jewel.
MANGALA, vermacularly, MANGAL, MUNGUL, S. (मङ्गल , also
Mar. मंगठ5) Good fortune, auspiciousness ; whence it is
applied to any festive ceremony or public festival, as pro
pitious to favourable results, as to a marriage : in Marathi,
:828
MAN
uttered significantly, it implies an irrogular or invalid
marriage. The planet Mars.
-Mangala-caira, vernacularly, Mangal-bdr, S. (मङ्गलवार)
Tuesday.
Alfangal4shtaka, S. &c. (मङ्गलाष्टक) The lucky-eight, i.c.
eight lines of a benediction pronounced by a Brahman
on a newly-wedded pair, while a piece of silk is held be
tween them ; South of India.
Itangalacdda, Mangali, Tel. (ॐo०K००ण“ंO, ॐo०Kं)) A
barber.
JMangalastitra, S. &c. (मङ्गलसूच) The lucky thread ; a string
having in the centre a piece of gold or other valuable
material tied by the bridegroom round the neck of the
bride, at the time of marriage, and worn by the latter as
long as her husband lives : in the dialects of the south,
to which the practice is peculiar, it is usually called Tali ः
in Upper India, it is a string or piece of silk tied round
the wrist, and worn only during the marriage celebration.
Mangalam, Mangali, Tam. (Larile56oc्ठा , LarंJe86ंी) A
barber by caste and oecupation, said to be sprung from a
mother of the tribe of artificers and a father of the oilman
caste.
Mangalichd, Mar. (मंगळठीचा) Of an irregular marriage :
the offspring ; illegitimate, bastard.
MANG, Mar. (मगि) A low caste, or individual of it, employed
in low and menial offices ः as a member of the village,
the Maing commonly officiates as scavenger, guide, watch
man, and executioner.
MANGALIA) (?) H. A woman legally married (perhaps for
Manjalid),
MANGI, Thug. Treasure.
MANGNA, H. &c. (U.G५०), MARGANA, S. (मागैण), MANoAs,
Hindi (मांगन), MANGAN, or MANGNA, Beng. (गi*१ानं,
भi**मl) Asking, begging, reguiring ; whence borrowing,
to defray the allowance of the public weigher of grain ;
also an unauthorised exaction by the native officer at land
ing-places and custom stations, asking a fee for themselves
or the 4amindārs. In Bahar, a fee or perguisite of the head
man receivablefrom the villagersinkind, a share of the crop.
-MAngni, also Mang/ni, H. (L***५०, ७***), J/40aigi, or
2ffi/% Mar. (मागणी, मागी) Asking a girl in marriage
prewious to the betrothal ; also the ceremony of betrothing :
borrowing, asking for a loan ; begging ः a contribution so
licited from the Ryots by the Zamindār on anyemergency.
 MAN
2Mangat, or Mangtd,H.(e-G.० ,Uं ॰) A beggar, aborrower.
Mangetar H. (S Aं ॰) One to whom a man or woman
is betrothed.
MANIGA, Tel. ( ँofox) A shop.
MANIHAR,or MANIAR,corruptly,MUNNIAR, H. (S9५-०.9५*ं)
A maker of glass bracelets worn by women ; a jeweller.
MANIHAM U, Tel. (ॐoं२ंण*ं99) Trade, merchandise.
MANIKAwELI, corruptly, MUNNy CAwBLLw, (?) Fees paid for
the willage watch (in Kanara).
MANIRARAN, Mal. (26*?leexproot) An inferior revenue
officer, a collector, see Maniyam ः a jeweller, a lapidary.
MANIvAR, MUNEwAR, or MUNNEEwAR, Mal. (?) The re
venue accountant of a district ः a superintendamt of police
(it is probably a corruption of Maniyakar).
MANIK, Beng. (मानिदं) A measure, the eighth of a khdji.
MANrvr, Karn. (ॐo२२) A petition, an address from an
inferior to a superior.
MANrwAM, Tam. and Mal. (Locठष्ठfीLLItia, 26rrºloo)०), MA
NIWA, Karn. (ंOं२०ऽO), MANIvAM U, Tel. (3Dं२०ऽ७ॐOO)
Superintendence or management of affairs ; especially the
।superintendence of revenue to a limited amount, a subordi
nate office under the collector, a surveyorship of rewenue :
also, in Karn., a tax.
Gudi-mamiya,Karn. (?००ॐoं२०ॐC),or K0/ilmamiyam,Tam.
(GeEITu-ी60La०००ीLLita) Superintendence of a temple.
Sunka-mami/a, Karn. (ंo०ॐoं,०७०) Superintendence of
a custom-house.
Ur-maniyam, Tam. (26rTºrLo०ठष्ठflu-ltia) Superintendence
of a willage.
Watta-maniyam, Tam. (6-lt--La००chLLIta) Superinten
dence of a district.
Maniyahdran,Tam. (La०ठष्ठीLLGerT Dr०ठंठा),Jfapiyag/ira,
corruptly, Momigar, Moniagar, or II/uma//ar, Karn.
(3Dं)०ऽO7त्ळॐ), JMani/agddu, Tel. (3ofo०७O7त्ष्ॐ७) A
Superintendant in general, the head man of a village, the
Superintendant of a temple : in the Tamil countries it is
especially applied to a subordinate native revenue officer
employed in the collection and management of the revenue
under the native Tahsildār, by whom he is appointed, and
to whom he is responsible : he is also charged with a
limited superintendence of police. The Naib Maniyakaira
is the immediate deputy of the Tahsilditr, and has exten
sive jurisdiction under him, but the term usually implies
the Watta maniyakdir, or collector of a small district of
two or three willages : this officer is a kind of head Peon,
829
MAN
who, in concert with the heads of willages, Superintends
not only the collections, but the cultivation, the reaping,
and selling of the crop, when the revenue is paid in kind,
and settles petty disputes.
Margiyami, Mal. (o6rrmoo)6rrm) A steward or manager
of an estate on behalf of the owner or Janmkār (Malabar).
MASJADI,MANJALI,orMANCHADI,&g:Tam.Mal.(La(S,िerTu9-,
iaऽप्yerr6rf), MANuipr Tel. (ंo०eव`४) Aweight for
weighing diamonds; a carat, or four grains avoirdupois.
In Malabar it is said to be used for weighing gold, and
JManchadiyid(26'य-lpshoºls) to be the name of the weight
used for diamonds only.
MANJ, Thug. The fighting of cats, a good omen during the
first watch of the night, but bad at any other Season.
MANJA, H. (७st-a) Anointing the body with turmeric on fes
tive occasions : an invitation and present accompanying it.
MANJANfR, Tam. (La७प्;G०ठर्क्षाद्यै) Turmeric water, the
drinking of which is part of the rite of adoption, whence
Magjanir-chittu, Tam. (Loऽ,िG०ठर्षीणePGº-G) A writing
or deed concerning adoption.
JMagjanirppillai, Tam. (Laऽप्;G०ठं प्रै' ँ L6ा&sIT) An
adopted child.
MANKI, (?) H. The head man ofa willage.-Chota Nagpur.
MANJH,or MAN.JHA, incorrectly,MUNJA, MUNJHA,MUN.JHAR,
H. (--'५०, ५*’५०, मांझल्, from S. madhya, middle) The
land lying between the land in the immediate proximity
of a village and that on the boundaries of its lands ; it
is considered the second sort of land in point of fertility.
MANJHI, H. (७:sua), MAJi, or MAJHi, IBeng, (गीर्जी, मांी)
The steersman of a boat : among the Rajmahal mountain
eers, a title borme by their head men : also termed MANHA.
MANJwAR, Thug. A jackal.
MANKHELA, Thug. A man.
MANKANI, Karn. (ंo०ठैं) A basket for throwing up water
from a reservoir into a channel of irrigation : a double
basket for carrying four vessels, &c., on a bullock.
MANKt LA, H. (A. &!;*०) Personal or moveable, in oppo
sition to real property•
Ghair-manktila, real or moveable property.
MANNA, Mal. (2ं) Earth, soil.
JMammattdm, Mal. (2ं;(Gropnt) A washerman.
MANNAyr, corruptly, MUNNIM,Tel. (ं9ंa०) Highlands, hill
country.-Northern Sirkars.
MANNAwEDU, also written, MUNNAwAD00, Tam. (Loc्ठाcठा
०6-G) A willage inhabited by Stidras.
4 P
 MAN
MANNopDARU, Karn. (ं००*०ं) A class of labourers
who execute heavy work, such as heaving blocks of stone,
constructing earthen walls, &c.
MANowARTI, or MANowARTE-INAM U, corruptly, MUNNo
wERTy, Tel. (S. `3bंऽ' ं98-) A pension, land granted
for the subsistence of a pensioner.
MANNEvAnt’, Tel. (ंOत्ऽ४०्य`ॐb, from ॰9ं, land) A
proprietor, a landholder, a Zamindar.
MANNI, Tel. (ॐ०२B) A land measure, commonly designated
a ground = (00 x 40 feet) 2400 sguare feet.
MANSAB, MUNSUB, H. (A. ५~ं ॰) Office, dignity, a mili
tary title and rank conferred by the Moghul govern
ment of Dehli, regulated by the supposed number of horse
the holder of the title could, if reguired, bring into the
field, warying from ten to ten thousand : Jagfrs were as
signed for the maintemance of this force, which was in the
highest and lowest grades, rather nominal than real : the
first part of a sanad, or grant, in which the titles of the
grantee were recited.
JMansabddr, H. ()'A4-2x०) A noble holding a mansah, or
military rank of a certain number of horse, although some
times wholly engaged in the civil service of the state.
J/ansabddrdm, H. (७)'e४~~ , plur. of the preceding) An
aggregate term for the assignments of Jagirs or land re
venues to the Man.abddrs.
JMansal)-2/ft, H. (c“-';A~ं ॰) The personal rank of one hold
ing the official rank of a man8ab.
MANSAJ, MANSJ.J, H. (A. 2“*ं) A weaver’s shop.
MANSHA, H. (Lं ॰) Provision of a law or statute.
MANSt B,H.&c. (A.५--';~-्) Considered,determined,established.
-Manstihah, H. &c. (A. &9-4x०), Wansubd, Mar. (मंमुवा)
IDetermination, deliberation.
Mansubi, Mar. (A. मंमुबी) Investigation, determination of
minor disputes : the office of the Panchatit.
Mansabdar, Mar. (मंसुबदार) A particular officer in a court
of judicature.
MANTi, Hindi (मनती) Balance of rent when inconsiderable,
and which the cultivator engages to pay in a few days.
MANTRA, S. &c. (मन्त्र) A prayer, a prayer of the Weda, a
mystical or magical formula, the prayers or incantations
of the Tantras : counsel, adwice.
J/antrं, S. &c. (मन्त्री) A minister, a counsellor.
MAstiTr, Karn. (ं9ंगं) An agreement : receiving interest
on a sum of money for which a person has become surety.
See IIManauti.
830
MAN
MANwANTARA, S. &c. (मन्वन्तर) The period of the existence
of a Manu, being egual to 71 great ?/ugas, or ages of the
gods, or B00,720,000 years.
MANwAM,corruptly,MAUNIUM, Karn.(ंGo' ं8०),MANyAwt,
Tel. (ंOगं,७8ॐ००), MANIvAM, Tam. (LarTCofीLLub), (all
three are from the S. mttng/a, respectable, respected, shew
ing an intention to do favour or honour) Land in the south
of India, held either at a low assessment, or altogether free,
in consideration of services done to the state or commu
nity, as in the case of the officers and servants of a village.
These tenures are distinguished as Tardpadi-mdnyam,
when it is imherited or held from an uncertain period, as
an independent right ; and Dumbala- or Sanad-mndnyam,
when held by wirtue of a specific grant from the ruling
power. They are also distinguished as Sarra-mdnyam,
(from S. sarca, all) when the holder is entitled not only to
the revenue of the state, but the rents of the cultivators ;
and as Ardhamdn/am (from ardha, a half), where the
holder has a claim only to the government revenue : the
former is not freguent, except in the case of grants made to
temples conjointly by the state and the cultivators ; the
term is also laxly applied to amy free grant or per५uisite
held in hereditary right by members of a willage com~ .
munity.
Gudimdn/amu, Tel. (KGंOण् ं8ंOO) Land granted for
the maintenance of a temple.
}//ini/ahdram, Tam. (LorTCऽीLLर्ष्टं,erTDrc्ठा) The holder of
rent-free land, or any hereditary right or privilege.
JKdaim6ni/am, Tam. (GrT०ठष्ठीuarTCट्रीLLia) Hereditary
land exempt from । " tax
T6tindnya, Karn. (G.०९&ंxंग्टं8) An allowance in land
to a willage Servant. _
JKudimakkalmdniyam, Tam. (Gl6-Lcे,८6frucrTCCीu-d)
Rent-free lands assigned to the willage Servants.
IIIdraimdni/om, Tam. (GuccठुDLarTCर्णीu-lta) A grant of
a portion of the gross produce of cultivated lands in kind,
now commuted for money.
MANZIL, H. (A. J;*ं) MAN.LL, Beng. (भन्ाञ्जिल), MAJAL,
Mar. (मजल), MAJILI, Tel. (ंCa30) A stage, a station,
the place where the traveller Suspends his march ; also,
in Mohammadan law, a tenement, a habitation, a place
in which a family may reside.
JMandicil maldsima, H. (A. plur. of nancil, and *9"०. c0n
tiguous) Adjoining or contiguous tenements or apartments,
Such as are within the same house or building.
 MAN
JMandicil mutabd/ina, H. (A. A५५J.०, distinct) Separateor
distinct tenements or apartments.
MANZएं R, vernacularly, MANJUR, or MUNJooR, H. (A.)yai.०)
Approved of
MA0-MAwAsA, (?) H. A family, the several families com
posing a village community.-Kamaon.
MAP, or MAPA, H. &c. (S. ५-*५०, माप) Measurement of any
kind, whether of weight, length, or capacity, but especially
linear measure ; a measure ; a portion or Guantity deter
mined by measure.
|lldpdr{, Mar. (मापारी) An officer in large towns whose
duty is to measure thegrain that is brought into the market :
a measure of capacity for grain, the same as a Pharft, d. v.
JMip-dar{, Beng. (पiश्रीलङी) A measuring line.
|lfdip-jonh, Beng. (मi१८पi*क्) Measuring, a measurement.
I/dp-pat!{, Mar. (मापपट्टी) A charge made to the cultivators
for the cost of measuring the grain when the revenue is
received in kind.
lf6ptol, H. &c. (J;*५५०) A System of measures and weights.
Wdptu, GuZ. (बtu५।। ॐ) A measure, a wessel for measuring
corn, wine, &c.
)//pteg, Mar. (मापेटं) A measure of capacity, a half ser,
whether pakkd, or kachc/6.
MAPPII.I.A, plur. MAPPrLI.AyrAR, commonly, MOPLAH, or
MOP LAy, Mal. (22g-il2.3) A native of Malabar, a
descendant of the Arabs who first settled in Malabar, lit.
the son (pilia) of his mother (nd), as sprung from the
intercourse of foreign colonists, who were persons unknown,
with Malabar women : the term is also applied to the
descendants of the Nestorian Christians,but is, in that case,
usually distinguished by the prefix, Nasrdni(C०७/92०े?),
while Jonahan (6)ं9Cocort), from Hapana, is prefixed
to the Mohammadam I//jppillas ः the I/6ppillas of both
classes are numerous in Malabar.
MAR, H. &c. 9५० । मार, from the S. causal of मृ, to die, मारय)
Beating, striking, killing.
JMdrdmdr{, H. &c. (.9-४,५०) Mutual beating, fighting,
assault, affiay.
Jlfdrama, vernacularly, IIIdram,S. &c. (मारण) Beating,killing.
IMdri, Mar.&c.(माणि) Plague, destructive or epidemic disease.
J/arpit, H. &c. (५--~५)'~) A beating, fighting, assault and
battery, affray.
MAR, corruptly, MAAR, H. (9५० । मार) A stiff clay or loamy
soil with some sand and vegetable mould : in Bundelkhand
the term designates a rich black loam.
831
MAR
MAR, (?) Karn. A land measure varying from 4 to 20 hargis,
or 16 to 80 acres.
MARA, Mal. (29) Rain.
J/arahdlam, (2५*e66)0e_l०) The rainy season.
MARA, Hindi (माणt) Soil that is productive only in the rains.
MARAf, Beng. (मद्भiद्भे) A magaZine of corn, a granary.
MARAKApU,Tel. (ं9ँशं)Thenativecommander of a ship.
MARA KKAL, commonly MARRAL, or MERCAL, Tam. (LaDrर्कै
erT60) A grain measure in use at Madras, containing
8 padis, or measures, and being one-twelfth of a kalam ः
it formerly consisted of 7ं0 cubic inches, but is now
fixed at 800 cubic inches ः 400 marakhdils = I /arisa,
or //arce. A marahkdl of rice or of salt weighs {)(}0 rupees
= l2 sers, or 24 lb. (GoZ. Prinsep calls the IWarhal =27lb.
2oZ. 2dr. of water, or nearly 2ं imperial gallons ; but the
standard, as since fixed (20th Oct. I840), makes the mara
kkoil as above, =28lb. l2oZ. l:}dr. 22gr., or in measure
2ौं the imperial gallon.
MARAM, Mal. Tam. (2(o०) Wood, timber.
MARAM MAT, H. &e. (A. ५-3, ॰) Mending, repairing. lfa
?’dmat, Mar. (मरामत) The entire operations or processes
। of any art, as, in agriculture, manuring, ploughing, harrow
ing, sowing, &c.
J/arammatu-jdbi/d, Tel. (ं०eं9श्चाध्छ`) Amount
particulars of the cost of repairing roads, tanks, or other
public works.
MARAN, Beng. (मिउिन्ा) Threshing or treading-out grain.
MARAPPANi-KARAN, Mal. (2(og-6rं) ०96)0fort) Acarpenter.
MARARI, Thug. A party of Thugs assembled in council.
MARATA, Karn. (ंOGe Cत्वं) IDouble-dealing ः selling.
MARATrALAl, Tam.(LaDंठंo) Scattered trees in a village.
Marattalaf-(iyahhattu, Tam..(Larrāgंo g',u-G८BL-6)
Total of plantations.
MARAwr DAi,Tam. (LaDr6-ी०००-, from marain LaDrta, a tree)
A term used in deeds of the transfer of land to convey all
kinds of woods, timber, and plantations ; also ground on
which trees are growing.
MARGA, vernacularly, MARG, S. &c. (मार्गे) A road, a way ;
also, fig., a way of life or belief a doctrine, a sect.
4dduou-mdr'(/, Karn. (eं०७०००xF) A bye or cross road.
JBhardmudr//, Karn. (ंग्ढ़छब्ंं०ऽव्ठx्-) A road for exports
and imports.
Rajaimdr'(/, H. &c. (4-9५५-!), राजामागै) A royal road, a
principal or main road, or highway.
IIIdrg//akdram, Mal. (292-669on) A man of a parti
 _

MAR. MAS

cular religious sect; applied in Malabar especially to Ro- || MARoT, (?) A grant of land to the heirs of a man killed in
man Catholics. | battle.-Kamaon.

Margapala, S. &c. (मागैपाल) A watchman, a patrol, a | MARsA, (?) H. A plant yielding a small edible grain largely
guardian of the road : custos-wiarum. | consumed in the hills (Amaranthus olearaceus),
IMargi, Hindi, &c. (मार्गेी) A traveller, a follower, one who
| MARstA, H. (A. AA9-3) A dirge, an elegy ; especially the
goes the road, either lit. or fig-, amongst the Thugs, a verses recited at the Muharram, in lamentation for the
"

pupil, a tyro. descendants of Ali.

MARGALf, Tam. (LarTireg) The ninth month of the year.
See the next.
JMargastrsha, S. &c. (मागैश्रीपे) The minth month of the year
(Now.-Dec.), when the moon is in the asterism JMriga
strsha, (the head of the Mrija, or deer),
MARGHAT, Hindi (मरघट) A place where dead bodies are burnt.
MARHA, Uriya (१॥६) A small weight used by braZiers ः four
MARU, S. &c. (मरु) A dry or Sandy and sterile tract, a desert.
JMarubhami, S. &c. (मरुभूमि) Dry, sterile, or sandy land.
JMarudes, or Marusthal, H. (from S. desa, a country, or
sthala, a tract) A desert country, applied especially to the
sandy districts between Rājputāna and the Indus.
MARU L, (?) Mar. A kind of Soil of a light black colour on
the banks of rivers.

make one hari8a, or karsha. MARUMAKKAL, Mal. (2(C92ces)७०) A niece : a daughter

MARHU M, H. (A. •~ं) Lit., one who has found mercy, i.e. in-law.

dead, deceased. JMarumalakan,Mal.(2(C%2-96ीrt) A nephew : a son-in-law.

MARHUN, H. &c. (७ु~~'' from rahan) Pledged, mortgaged, JMarumakhattdyam, Mal. (2(C92ce6)(Jopo2)०) Succession to
as property inheritance by sisters’ sons, or in the female line, as observed
MARf, Tam. (LorTDh) Water, rain. by the Nairs, some of the Brahman and Māpilla families,
JMairthdlam, Tam. (LorT DPlearT6otia) The rainy season. " and some of the servile tribes in Malabar.

JMarij6mmu, Tel. (ंoex`ं०३), Mari06mbu, Karn. | MARUPANAwAM, Mal. (2on-16ToCo)०, from 2o, another) A
(3De7/०००००) An outlet by which the surplus water of | pawn pledged to another, or perhaps a counter-pledge.
a tank is carried off । Marupdttam, incorrectly, Marroopattom, Mal.(2oo-425०)
MARI, or MARAI)I, Tam. (LarTp), LarTpprTL१-) A cheat, a । A copy of title-deeds kept by the Seller or lessor, a counter
swindler, a thief part lease or agreement ; sometimes Marttpdttam-chit.
MARfoHA, S. (मरीच), MIRCH, H. (Erं) Pepper, especially | MARwILIvA, (?) Tam. A messenger, a peon.
black pepper ; also Gul-nirch, black pepper ; Lal-mirch, MARwA, GuZ. (*tu२.१u) One of the two principal sorts of
red pepper from Chillis, or Capsicum. soil in Gu2erat, a sandy soil of a light brown colour, rapidly
MARIFAT, H. (७-9~०) Knowledge, but used more adverbially absorbing rain and having water at no great depth below
to imply by means of through or by any medium or cause. | the surface: it reduires manure, but, treated properly, yields
JMairaphat, Hindi (माणफत) By the hands ofः the best crops both as to Guality and Guantity.
JMairaphatio, GuZ. (भtu२.५०{lbºtu) An agent, a factor, a MARwARf, Mar. &c. (मारवाडी) A native of Central Hindu
broker, one through whom any business is transacted. stan, of IMalica, or, more correctly speaking, of Mairmrdr,
MARIGA, Karn. (ंश्यं9x) A man of low caste, a Chandala. settled in other parts of India, and usually following the
MARIKARU, Tel. (ंoesां७) The second or a light crop, one | business of banker, broker, and merchant : some of an in
of a coarse kind of rice grown between Oct. and Jan. ferior class in the Maratha provinces employ themselves in
MARIWA, Khond. A human victim sacrificed on particular trade as cornchandlers and grocers, Mairmudr bankers
occasions. are mostly of the Jain religion.
MARRAsru,Tel.(ंगं_ं9C) Exchange,particularly ofmoney. MARyADA, vernacularly, MARJADA, S. &c. (मय्यैीदा) Decorum,
MARKARI, Tel. (ं2s “FTC) A head boatman. | propriety, limit, boundary : custom, usage.
MARoCHA, also written, MoRACA, and MortACHA, (?) Beng. । MAsA, vernacularly, MAs, S. &c. (मास) A month.
A tax on marriages levied in Bengal by the Mohammadan । JMasantiham, S. &c. (मासान्तिकं) Any thing relating to
gowernment : a present exacted on marriages by the Za the end (anta) of a month, monthly pay, monthly ac
mindārs from the Ryots. | counts, &c.
882
 MAS MAS

Masaihard, Beng. (भश्लiशद्भi) Bargaining by the month,
monthly pay ः (this is probably a vernacular corruption of
JMushdhara, g. w.).
Masarriddhi, S. &c. (मास्रवृडि) Monthly interest ; also the
increase of a month, or an intercalary month.
JMaishabdr, corruptly, IMashhabar, Maskharcar, H. &c.
Akbar-shahi rupees, the standard weight of which was I1ं
mashds, valued the latter at 15ं grs. ः as now fixed by law,
as one-twelfth of the tolaofl80grs.,the mdshaweighs I5grs.
MASHIAIKH, H. (A. &५*०, plur. of shaikh। 8*) Elders, holy
persons, heads of religious fratermities among the Moham
madans.

(ु५ॐ~५०, from Port. Acabar, to end) The end of a month, MASHAK, or MASHK, MUSHAK, MUSHK, H. &c. (P. ४-५4-०),
a month's accounts, a monthly abstract of the cases tried MAsAK, Mar. (मसक) A leather water-bag for carrying
in a civil court. water about. '_

MAsA, Hindi (मासा) A land measure, three-fourths of a bighd. MASHAKKAT, H. (A. ce-A.०), .MASAGAT, Mar. (मशागत),
-Kamaon. MASHARATU, Tel. (3D:Gosंo) Pains, labour : improve
MAsAHAT, corruptly, MUssAUT, H. (A. ७:’-=-५~०) Measuring, ment of lands, repair of tombs, &c. : wages of labour.
measurement : whence IWash4tu, Tel. (3Dंशपं७) Mea lfas67ati, Mar. (मशागती) A common labourer.
surement of land, Survey. MAsHAL, MUSHAL, H. (A.u)॰&०) A lamp, a lanthorn, a torch.
JM4shdtuddru, Tel. (`6७४ंत्य्ॐ७८ण ॐO) A land measurer, a JMashalch{, H. (.*~ं) A torch- or lamp-bearer : as a
Surveyor. domestic servant, he is also employed under the superior
MAsALAH, corruptly, MUsSALAH, H. (A. el~०), MASALA, table servants to clean the plates, dishes, &c.
Beng. &c. (भजनिl) Spices, condiments, seasoning ः in MASHATA, H.(A. AlaL&a) A waiting-woman, one who assists in
Mar. it also applied to an exaction levied under the former dressing, and combing the hair, especially of a bride ; she
government on every person summoned to answer a charge is also employed to negociate marriages.
against him ; also to fees payable to inferior native officers MASH HUR, H. 9*-॰) Celebrated, notorious, well-known.
or messengers sent to collect the revenue. MASHfAT, H. (A. ७:-**-०) With pleasure : in Mohammadan
MAsAN, Hindi, &c. (मसानं, from the S. smasdn शमसान), MA law, power or will.
sANIHURA,
are burnt, a Uriya (१gll६ो६४२)
cemetery. d}
A place where dead bodies MASHRIK, H. (A. ५42,ं-्) The east.
MASHRUA, H. (A. 8x~~) Legal, conformable to or pre
MAsARI, (?) Mar. Soil of warious sorts; as, Masab-masdri, scribed by law ः hence it is sometimes applied to a mixed
mixed soil ; Hit-masdri, soil resembling flour ; Kemp stuff of silk and cotton, dressed in which it is lawful to
masdri, of a reddish colour ; Kall-masdri, stony ; Cosuch pray ; silk alone is prohibited.
masdri, sandy ः (these are all given in the fourth volume MASHRUT, H. (A. 'e;U*~०) Stipulated, agreed ; conditional,
of the ' Selections from the Records,’ p. 779, but are not. as applied to assignments or grants of land revenue, im
verifiable elsewhere, and are no doubt inaccurately printed), porting that the grant was accompanied by certain stipu
MAsH, H. &c. (S. C*५०, माष), also, MAsH-KALAw, Beng. lated conditions.

(भषि, भीषदलीप) Kinds of pulse very generally eaten 24ashrºit dindai, H. (A. from J}}e) Conditional assign
(Phaseolus radiatus, and Dolichos pilosus). ments for the remuneration of a fiscal functionary.
MAsHA, S., and in most of the dialects (माष), MAsHA, or Mashrut-faujddrt, H. (P. )lA-9) Assignments to the
MAsA, Mar. (माषः, मासा) An elementary weight in the officers charged with the military and police establishments.
system of goldsmiths’ and jewellers' weights throughout -Mashrºit-i-th4najat, H. (pl. of thina U' ं, a police station)
India, and the basis of the weight of the current silver Conditional assignments for the support of police or mili
coin : it is variously reckoned at छै, 8, or 10 ratis, or seeds of tary stations under the Mohammadan gowernment.
the Abrus precatorius, which usually weigh about 2 grains MAsl, Tam. (LorTeी) The eleventh month of the year (Feb.
troy : the average weight of the mdsha, according to Mr. March).
.Colebrooke, was 17ं grs.: the actual weight of several MASI, MUSEE, H. &c. (S. ५.s“-*x मसी), MASHI, Mal. (2cec0)
examined in England, sent from different parts of India, Ink, also a black powder used as a collyrium.
waried from 14# grs. to I8ं grs. ; the Benares masha JMashihdram, Mal. (2aec0ceshport) An ink-maker : also
weighed 17# grs, Mr. Prinsep, from the weight of several a conjurer, one who professes to detect theft by applying a
338 .
4५
 MAS
black powder or ink to his eyes, or by rubbing it on his
hand, or on a plate, and pretending to view in it the per
son of the thiefः
MAsfNA, S. &c. (मसीनt) Linseed (Linum utilatissimum).
MA5LA,H.(A43-3) An example,exemplary public punishment.
MASNUN, H. (A. ७;ं.~०) Lawful, legaliZed, allowed, con
formable to the sayings of Mohammad.
MASTA KAwAGHRANA, Mar. (S. मस्तकं, the head, and चवप्राण,
smelling) Smelling the head, a mark of affection among
the Hindus, as shewn by a parent to a child, or an elder
to a junior : it is one of the ceremonials of adoption, the
child being seated on the lap of the adopter, the latter
smells his head.
MASTAN, Uriya (११|१) A Brahman following the practice
of agriculture.
MASTisA, H. (५~～～~०, Port. mestigo) A person of mixed
Indian and European descent.
MAstj R, H. &c. (S. )*~०x ममूर) A kind of pulse much cul
tivated (Ervum or Cicer lens, or hirsutum).
MAst LA, commonly, MUssooLA (of doubtful origin), A kind
of boat for crossing the surf on the Madras coast ः it is
usually from 80 to 40 feet.long by 6 broad and 8 deep,
flat bottomed, and having the planks sown together with
withes of straw between each plank ः it has ten rowers,
and can carry twenty passengers.
MASwADA, H. (sex~ं) MASUDA, Mar., A rough draft, a
foul copy, a sketch.
MAswADI, or wARi, Gu2. (*t*tetu!) A municipal tax.
MAT, (?) A kind of Sale of land in Kamaon in which the
vendor remains responsible for the public revenue ः on his
death its payment devolves on the purchaser : also a sale
under Similarcircumstances,but in which the vendor reserves
for himself and heirs the right to re-purchase : the word
ordinarily means a pledge or mortgage.-Kamaon.
MATAA, H. (A. 8५०) MATA, Hindi (मतm) Goods, chattels,
furniture, merchandise.
MATA, Mal. (2s) A flood-gate, a sluice.
MATA, Beng. &c. (भज, S. मत, what is thought) A doctrine,
an opinion, a form of faith, a religious Sect or belief
MATAKoLA, Mal. (2s6)०8,0e-a) A folded letter.
Matakolakdram, Mal. (2s6\०6,0eace6)0forrt) A messenger,
an ambassador.
MATAM, H. (A. F५०) Mourning, especially the public mourn
ing at the Muharram.
JMatamddr, H. (P. 9'e, who has) A mourner.
$:94
MAT
IMaitampursi, H. (P. ७_“9:* asking) Condolence : also
funeral ceremonies.
MATAN, H. &c. (A. Ja), Beng. (भजन्) The text of a book ः
the body, middle, or text of a deed, as distinct from the
attestations and endorsements : in Eastern Bengal, a de
duction from the actual area of a farm allowed to the tenant
for his profit, on condition of his bringing adjacent waste
lands into cultivation.
MATANGI, H. (A. .*ं) What is relied on ः (in a law
Suit) wouchers, documents.
MATHA, vernacularly, MATH, MUTH, incorrectly, MUT, or
MUTT, S. &c. (-4.०, मठ) A building or set of buildings
where Hindu religious mendicants reside under a superior,
or Mahant, generally having rent-free lands in endowment,
although supported in part by alms ; also a small temple :
or a college for Brahman students.
-Mathadadaoasa, Karn. (ंoॐॐ33) A tax lewied in
lieu of grain formerly assigned to a particular convent.
-Mathadai/ya,Karn. (ॐ०ॐ6b०98) A servant in a Lingāit
village who supplies strangers and travellers with provisions.
Matha-pattijodi, Karn. (*9ॐ 3. ँv००) A tax lewied
on the priwileged heads of Lingāit Maths.
MATH, Beng. (भiठे) A plain, a field, a tract of cultivable lands.
-Math-chit4, Beng. (मोट्टैष्ठेि) A rough statement or spe
cification of the sGuare contents of a field in surveying.
-Mathan, Beng. (मीळेन्) Lying in, or situated on, a plain.
-Math4njami, Beng. (भीठेीमञ्जभि) Land lying on a plain.
MATHA- or MATTHAPATI, corruptly, MUTPUTEE, Mar. (मठा
पति, from Math4, or Mattha, butter-milk or curds) A
member of a village community holding land in indim,
rent-free, on condition of his supplying public officers and
Servants with butter-milk, being also paid for the same :
it is said also to apply to a willage Servant who acted not
only as purveyor to public officers but sometimes as cook
for the willagers.
MATHAPHOR, Thug. The advance of an ass braying in front
of a gang, indicating they will have their heads (mathd)
broken (phora) if they proceed.
MATHAUT, MUTHoUT, corruptly, MAHTooT, MHATooT, MAH
TOOL, MATHOTE, MUTHOTE, MATHooTw, &c. H. (e-*२,
मठौट, from H. matha, S. mastaka, the head) Capita
tion, poll-tax, contribution, impost ; applied in Bengal to
an extra or occasional cess or tax imposed upon the cil
tivators for Some Special purpose, or under some incidental
pretext, either by the state or the Zamindār, or the prin
 MAT
cipal revenue officer of a district : these taxes were in part
abolished and in part consolidated by Ben. Reg. wiii. I798.
Fil-khan4-mathaut, H. (from Fil-khana, elephant house)
A cess on the cultivators for the expense of the public
elephant stables.
2ar-mathaut, H. (from P. Aj, gold or money) Acharge to
the cultivators to cover any loss by deficiency of weight, or
difference of value in the coins receivable in payment of
IreWenue.
MATi, H. &c. (S. ८_*०, मति) Mind, understanding.
MATLAB, MUTLUB, H. (A. ५-~la०) Object, intention : sub
stance or purport of a document.
MATRI, S. &c. (मातृ) A mother, either a natural mother or a
step-mother, a father’s wife other than the parent : a name
applied to a class offemale divinities of a mystical character,
the mothers of the gods, their personified Saktis or energies.
JMatri-bandhu, S. (मातृबंधु) A mother’s cognate relation, but
limited in law to the son of a maternal grandfather’s
sister, of a maternal grandmother’s Sister, and of a mother’s
maternal uncle.
JMdtridatta, S. (मातृदत्तः) Given by a mother to a bride at
her marriage, constituting an item of woman's property.
MATRUK, H. (A. ५-29;*ं) Abolished, rescinded, left, abandoned.
Matriha, H. (A. **99*०, plur. Matruhat, ५-४,*०) Estate,
goods, or property of a person deceased to which his heirs
are legally entitled.
MATswANDIKA, S. &c. (मत्स्याण्डिका, from matsya, a fish, and
anda, an egg) Coarse sugar, the juice partially strained
after the first boiling ः according to some also, sugar-candy.
MArrf, or Mrयू'rf, H. &c. (*२, from the S. IMrit, or
Mrittiha) MAri, Beng. (भोंी), MAri, Mar. (माती),
Earth, soil. MArri, Karn. (ं9ं) White earth.
IMater4, Mar. (मातरं) Dirty, mixed with earth or dirt, as
grain, &c. .
IMattia, H. (Lं॰) A well without a frame ; merely excavated.
-Mattidrd, IMatiydra, IMātiydrt, commonly, but incorrectly,
-Mutiydr, Mutiydra,and,corruptly, Mootiydree, H. (J५. * Maul4-asfal, A. (C)ं…) }}०) A client, a person in whose
मटीयाणा, माटीयार्णी) A rich clay soil, mixed with a small
proportion of sand : one analysis gives one-tenth of silex,
the rest alluwial mould.
JMatti4r-chdhi, H. (from chdh ४५-, a well) Rich soil ir
rigated by wells.
Matikaita, Beng. (मोंीदशंघ्रेi) A digger, a delver ; one pnt
to hard labour on the roads.
M4tiyal, Beng.(भीषॆ*ीपील) Rich clay soil without sand.
885
MAU
MATTA, Mal. (20००) 9uality, touch, or fineness, of the
precious metals.
MATTAM, Mal. (22०००) Change, exchange, barter, chang
ing money.
MATTAM, Mal. (23०) A rule, a carpenter’s sduare.
MATUA, A. (8*ं) In law, a person of incompetent under
standing, one who can only imperfectly apprehend the
nature of legal acts, as, for instance, knowing the mature
of a sale, but ineapable of appreciating the profit or loss
attending it.
MATUL, H. (A. J; ॰) One to whom delay is granted in pay
ing a debt : one who defers payment.
MATULA, wernacularly, MATUL, S. &c. (माहुलं) A maternal
uncle. MATULANf, his wife.
MATwALA, (?) Hard, as water containing saline or earthy
particles (perhaps from matti, earth).
MAU, corruptly, MAw, Mow, Tam. (Gu०5rT) A measure of
land, the twentieth of a Weli, and containing 100 Guntas
of 44 sguare feet. See IIId.
MAUut DAT, H. (A. ५“-'e}-;०, plur. ofmaujad e9-9-०, what
exists) Assets, effects, funds, existing things or properties.
Mauktir. H. &c, (A. -*,०), Bengः (८मीटूरु), MArkgr,
Mar. (महकूष) Suspended, ceased, stopped, delayed, sus
pended, as a decree of court ; also, in Mohammadan law,
begueathed, especially for charitable endowments ः used
also as a substantive, cessation, arrest ofjudgment, beguest.
-Mauk{fi, H. &c. (A. ८***ं) Stopping, Suspending, arrest
of judgment, Suspension of proceedings.
MAULA, H. (A. }}-्) A judge, a learned or venerable person ः
an assistant: aperson connected with another by the relation
of ncild, or mutual assistance, as a cause of inheritance,
Such as an emancipated slave, or a proselyte to whom the
master or the converter begueaths his property : a slave,
especially one emancipated.
-Maul4-4ala, A. (Jel }}०) A patron, one who makes, or pro
mises, a beduest.
fawour an engagement or beguest is made.
JMumudldit, A.(५-}}०) Friendship, mutual assistance : in
law, a contract of mutual amity by which each party ac
guires a claim to the property of the other to devolve on
the surwiwors.
Mauldnd, H. (A. ७}}॰) The title of a person of learning or
respectability, teacher, doctor : in the Maratha countries, the
usual designation of the Mohammadan village Schoolmaster.
 MAU
Maulact, corruptly, Molaci, IIMoolu/, H. (A. ५***ं) A village, understanding by that term one or more clusters
learned man, a teacher, especially of Arabic, and expounder
of Mohammadan law.
MAULI, Thug. One of the gang who carries some money for
the support of the families of the party, also, a parole of
rendeZwous.
MAULU D, H. (A. 9;ं) Werses chanted before the bier of a
deceased person when carried out to be buried, a dirge, a
burial service.
MAUNi, S. &c. (मौनी) An ascetic who has taken a vow of
perpetual silence, like Paul the Silentiary ; also the last
day of the month Pldlijum, when bathing in silence is to
be practised.
MAUNJA, S. &c. (मेजि) Any thing relating to munja grass
used especially to form a girdle with which a young Brah
man is girt at the same time when he is invested with
the sacred thread. See Munj.
)/aanji, S. &c. (मैॉजी, fem. of the preceding) The munja
girdle, the ceremony of putting it on, &c.
MAURH IA, Thug. A gold mohar.
MAURt:, H. &c. (A. e-’,99-॰) Hereditary, inherited, obtained
by inheritance ; also subst., Inheritance.
JMaura4s?, H. &c. (ं9x) Hereditary, held or holding by
inheritance.
/]/auruxiasimi or rdiat, H. (U४-५~' • or ५--'AE), a cultivator)
A cultivator in a willage holding by hereditary descent,
although not one of the propietary community ः he retains
his land as long as he pays the established rent, and can
not be dispossessed ofit as long as that is paid ः he cannot
alienate his land by sale or mortgage without the consent
of the parties of whom he holds.
Ghair mauruं asdmi, H. (A. from {jhairA5 , contrary to)
A cultivator not holding by hereditary tenure ; but it de
notes one holding for a stipulated term, or on lease, in
distinction to the Pathi, or tenant at will.
Mauriं ijard, H. (A. from )५-l, a farm) A hereditary
farm, held either at a fixed or variable rent, according to
the terms of the lease, but descending from father to son
as long as the stipulated rent is paid.
JMaurusi mukaddam, H. (A. from •ं-२, a preceder) The
head man of a village, holding his office by hereditary
descent: in some places he is looked upon as the proprietor
of the willage lands, See IIMahaddam.
MAUZA, H. (A. e-3*e), MAUJA, Hindi and Mar. (मोजा),MAtr.J।, |
Beng. (८गेीञ्जि), MAvUJE, or MAUJP, Tel. (ं9ं) व्ं) A ।
880
MAW
of habitations, and all the lands belonging to their pro
prietary inhabitants : a Mau2d is defined by authority to be
'a parcel or parcels of lands having a separate name in
the revenue records, and of known limits.' Directions to
settlement officers. The lands, however, are not always
contiguous and compact, but may have outlying portions
intermixed with those ofother willages, but these arebrought
under one head with the rest in the revenue settlement of
the Maugd.
Maugd-asli, H. &c. (from d) ०l, original) The chief village,
or that originally settled : in Kamaon, the one named in
the Patta granted to the Padhdn.
Maug4-ddhhili, H. (from Je-le, inclusive) All the villages
and the lands which are comprised in the assessment settled
with the original or principal willage.
IMaugdndr, or Maujdnodr, H. 9'*-3;०) By willages : as
sessment of the gowernment revenue on the lands com
prised within the willage limits and dependencies, settled
either with the whole community of proprietary willagers
or an individual representing them, distinguished there- .
fore from a Zamindarf settlement as not recognising a
single proprietor, and from a Ryotwar settlement as not
formed with each cultivator Separately.
Iraugind, H. (U५-3;०) A willage register kept by the willage
accountant, shewing the extent of the lands, the average
rate of rent per bigha, the amount of cultivated and waste,
and the persons paying or exempt from revenue.
MAwA, Karn. (Goo3) Afather-in-law, afather-in-law's brother.
MAvAsU, (?) Tam. A kind of fee or contribution payable by
the cultivating tenants of fully-assessed lands to the owner.
MAvrnAI, or MAwADAl, Tam. (LarT6-ौ०००-, La6-lco०-) A
term used in conveyances of land to express game.
Ifacidai-maracidai, Tam. (LarT61-ीcoPl-LaDr61-ौco०-) A
term used in deeds to express all kinds of plantations or
timber (the combination is, howewer, erroneous, being ex
pressed by the latter term alone, See Maracidai.)
MAwiLAN, or MUvII.AN, (?) Mal. The name of a serwile
tribe, or individual of it, in Malabar.
MAwAL, Mar. (मावळs) The mountain-valleys of the Sahyādrf
range of mountains commencing at the western extremity,
and extending about I00 miles east.
MAwAsHi, H. (A. .*be), MowAsi, Hindi (मोवाशी) Cattle,
domestic agricultural cattle, as cows, buffaloes, sheep, and
goats.
 MAW
IWaicesi, (?) Sindhi, Fee paid to government on the sale of
cattle.
MAwIL, Thug. A horse. MAwILI, a mare.
MAw, Mar. (माय) A mother.
lfdy-4jd, Mar. (माय साजा) A maternal grandfather. J/d/- ।
{ja, (मायस्राजी) A maternal grandmother.
MAwARA, Beng. (भपङ्गi) A confectioner. | officer or servant it signifies that he is only temporarily
MAZARAT, MAZAni, MAZRUAH, H. (A. *9!}२, &'9-*, *exe)
Cultivated lands, the fields of a willage in actual cultiva
tion ः a contract of cultivation in which the produce is ।
shared between the proprietor and cultivator in stipulated
proportions.
JMa2ratd, corruptly, Musrah, H. (A. 899*२) Cultivated, tilled,
a field with a crop upon it.
lfa२drd,or Mu2dri, H.(A. 8?'}ं) A husbandman,a cultivator. ।
MAZDt R, H. (A.)99;०), MAut R, Hindi,&e. (मजूरं) A labourer, |।
a day labourer.
JMa2da4?' ं, H. (५%99॰) JMajatri, Hindi &c. (मजूरी) Wages । ।
of labour, hire, daily.hire.
-Masditr-pat!{, II. (Lं999०) A tax on day labourers in
towns not engaged in agriculture-formerly lewied. । JMagkt{ri-tdlalं,
MAZ।AB, H. (A. ५~~3-०) A religion, a sect, a school of
Mohammadan jurisprudence.
MAZi, vernacularly, MAJf, H. &e. (७*२, माजी) Past, gone,
former. __
JM4ja-amalddr, Karn. (ंxxव्a3ee93be)८ऽ०ॐ) A former col
lector or manager.
MAZKU R, H. (A2**ं) MAJKUR, Mar. (मजकूट्),
MAJKU RU, ।
Tel. (ंCass०ॐC) Before mentioned, aforesaid,’ stated,
explainedः also subst., motice, mention : contents or Sub
stance of a written statement ; an account or communi |
cation of any kind, facts and circumstances related. | MAZt
Maghairat, Mugkoorat, less correctly, -Mu2corat, corruptly,
IMuscorat, and Muscoorat, H. &c. (-)**०, plur. of
J**०) Items or particulars of deductions allowed by the
Mohammadan governments to the Zamindars on closing |
their revenue accounts, to cover the expenses of managing
and collecting the revenue : the admitted fees and personal
allowances of the Zamindars, and petty assignments for ।
charitable or religious purposes were also usually included | MAZUN, H. (A. ७9०) Weighed, measured ; allowed as deduc
under this head of remissions.
JMaghairi, vernacularly, Majktirt, corruptly, JMuscoory,
Muskoree, Mushkoree, H. &c. (५9* &०) In old revenue
accounts it was applied to small and scattered estates or
Zamind:trfs not included in the accounts of the districts
887
MAZ
in which they were situated, and of which the assessments
were paid direct to the officers of the government: sub
seguently it demoted a revenue payer paying through the
intervention of another, except in Cuttack, where it implied
the reverse, or the heads of villages paying the revenue
immediately to the collector : when added to the title ofan
employed : also, in the south, an inferior Servant or Peon
attached to a village : elsewhere, a daily messenger : allow
ance made to the willage watchman in the Northern Sirkars.
-Maghairā-mdlijusdr, H. (see Maliju2dr) A subordinate payer
of rewenue, not paying it direct.
। Waंktirā-malidl, H. (J~*, an estate) A small dependent
। property, the rent of which is paid through a third pdrson.
Maghttri-mukaddam, H. (see Mukaddam) The hereditary
head of a village paying the revenue of the village to go
| Wernment.
'/d*httri-?’diat, H. (from ५4-4e)) A nominal or migratory
cultivator, a tenant at will having no hereditary right of
occupancy.
(from ७"ं) A dependent t6luk or estato
of which the revenue is paid through the intervention of
a Zamindftr or other revenue payer.
|
MAZRA, vernacularly, MAJRA, H. &c. (A. !9 , मञ्जरा) ILand
| sown or prepared for sowing, a tilled field ः in some parts
।
of India it denotes a hamlet or cluster of houses dependent
। on a village, but detached from it for agricultural con
venience, and managed separatelyः its assessment is com
| prised in that of the original village until officially recog
|
niZed as distinct. In some places a macrd is a smaller
division of a indusa, or village.
L, vernacularly, MAJUL, corruptly, MAAZAUL (A. J*ं)
IDismissed, removed from an office or appoinement.
Md2a4li, H. &c. (J99*०) Dismissal, disgrace.
-Masttli-, or Wasttli-d५ftar, H. (from daftar, a record) An
office formerly kept up in Bengal for the examination and
adjustment of disputed accounts and outstanding balances,
especially those of public officers who had been dismissod
or were charged with embeZZlement, or undue exactions.
tions from the revenue for petty recognised charges and ox
|
।
penses.
MAZUN, A. (७;9-॰) Licensed ; a licensed slave, one having
authority from his owner to trade or to do acts to which
he would be otherwise incompetent.
4 R
 MEO
MECHCHIL, Mal. (6)22-])(ct) Pasture, forage.
MECHiruvA, Beng. (८ाकूपौ) A fisherman.
MEDA, Beng. (८ष्मकl) A receptacle for obtaining lime from । MEkHi, H. &c. (, .***), MEki, IBeng. (८ादी) Plugged, as
saline soil and water by filtration.
MEDA, Karn. (GO९ ँ), MEDARA,Tel. (ळंxॐ&), MEDARAvAN,
Tam. (GL०्ठDrcuठैी) A caste, or a member of it, Oc- ।
cupied in cutting and selling bambus, or making and
vending bambu baskets.
MEDE, Karn. (ं9ं) A stack of any kind of grain : it also
implies a definite duantity = 82 Madras measures.
ME)H, also written, MAIND'H, H. (s3.c०, मेढ ,'मंढ) Gleanings,
corn left on the field in small guantity.
MEDHA, Mar. (मेढा) A paling', a fence, an inclosure.
J/edliedd{{, -ddjh, Mar. (मेढेदार्ड्, मेढेदाद्दैक) The owner of a
contiguous inclosure.
MEDHi, Beng. (८भी) The post in the centre of the threshing- ।
floor to which the cattle are fastened.
MEDI, Tel. Karn. (ब्9०) The part of the handle which is ।
joined to the plough.
MEG6I.U, Karn. (ं97/०९०) IDuty on goods paid in advance.
MEGPANNA, (?) II. Murdering poor people for the sake of
kidnapping and selling their children (?).
MEIIMAN,orMAHIMAN, Mar.(मेहमानः, महिमानं,P. maihman,५.v.)
A person residing in a village in which he has no hereditary
rights or property.
MBHTAR, or MItTAR, H. (P. A4०) A man who follows the
lowest menial offices, a sweeper, a scavenger : the term
originally means a prince, and is used ironically ः in Cut
tack the me/tar, is sometimes a slave.
MBHTAR, or MHETAR, incorrectly, MEHTREE, Mar. (मेहतरं,
महेतर) A common designation for a hereditary willage officer,
as the Pattfl or Kulkaranf : the head of a caste or business,
trade, or art, who used to exercise considerable authority ।
over the others, and collected and paid the taxes due by ।
them, in consideration of which he was himself exempt :
(it is no doubt the same as the preceding word differently
applied).
MEHTo, or MBHETO, GuZ. (* ८eतःि, भीष्टeतः।) A writer, a
clerk, an accountant.
MEIIUNA, Mar. (मेहुणा) A wife’s brother, a sister’s husband.
'foh५:{, (मेहुणी) A wife's sister.
MEf, or MEi-KitUNTi, Beng. (८ष्मंश्, ८षांभू-छेी) The post in
the centre of the threshing-floor to which the cattle are tied.
MEJ, Mar. (मेज) Measure, measuring, a measure of length
or capacity.
888
MEL
'/djddt-ddd, or -dist, Mar. (मेजदात, -दाद, -दास्त) Counting
or numbering houses, making alistorinventory ofarticles,&c.
b
a coin (from melih, a pin or mail),
MEr, Tam, Mal, (Gued), 62(ct), MKLE, Karn. (७९),
MELU, Tel. (न्)eo) A particle and prefix, implying supe
riority in place, excess in Guantity, &c. ; over, above, &c. :
in Tamil compounds, Jl/dl may become Mem, or I'ller :
J/elu, in Karn. and Tel. is also a subst., signifying supe
riority, excellence, profit, advantage, excess, &c.
-Maladhikdram, Mal. (6)2eAColeexpro०) Supreme power or
authority.
IIIelail, Mal. (6)2eApo०) An owerseer, a Superintendant, a
person in charge.
Al/6lati, Mal. (612e-A5)) Rent in kind paid to the owner of
fields or gardens : entrusting cattle to the charge of another.
Jlfeldralai, Tam. (GL०66oDreoo) An engagement for an in
creased share of the crop to be relinguished to the cultivators.
J/6lerutta, Mal. (6)26)eAg”(oo) Government registry of
reWenue.
W6leguttu-hachcheri, Mal. (6)2foeag*(ं(Dee-24fol) Chief
office of registry of lands and revenue.
J/6lkamahha, Mal.(6)2ं,०००ce6) Principal publicaccounts.
AWelkdnam, Mal. (०)2ं49C००) Mortgage upon mortgage, an
additional advance upon the security of occupancy paid by
the occupant of an estate to the proprietor.
'/6lkaram, Mal. (6)2ं,fo०) Additional government share
of the crop : tax paid a year in advance.
J/6lkoyimma, Mal. (6)26ं,?७)22) Authority, superior
power or function.
II/6lkoyimma-sthdnam, Mal. (6)26ौgः,lpool22C/ancv००, from
S. स्यानं, station) The exercise of chief authority in the
affairs of a temple.
J/6lmudni/am, Mal. (6)2e.J06०?ीoo)०) Superintendence,
।superwision.
J/6lnoki,or lf4nohi, (?)Mal.(6)2(ob6copees),6)०6)cope66ी)
A district accountant in some parts of Malabar.
। IIIdluras{, Tel. (द्भईुeoठप्ळै) The grain in the crop threshed
but not measured ; a heap of winnowed corn.
uducaram,Tel.(ल्७co~णं०), Italpirum,oratandraw,
corruptly, J/dlerrarum, Wailicarum, Tam. Mal. (Gua50
6urT Drti) The proportion of the crop claimed by the g0
Vernment.
Alf6ludrain-ffrrcai, Tam. (from रृणैठ्ठ-6u, duty) The fixed
rate of the government demand on the share of the crop.
 MEL
I/6lgaippu, Tam. (GLo60०ठ-6LLIL) A Guit-rent, or a small
proportion of the crop paid by the holder of a II/dinyam.
J/6lodsi, Tel. Karn. (न्)०॰णां७) Additions, excess, addition
made to the rate of the government assessment.
J/6ludyippa, Mal. (6)2.३+१crºmg–।) An extra loan, an addi
tional advance.
Meluicharam, Mal. (6)2.3-h249fo०) Superintendence.
-Mendoam, pronounced also, M6non, corruptly, Memengar,
Mal. (6)2Coo-unt) The village or district accountant in
Malabar : according to some, the appropriate designation of
a Sidra; according toothers, of a Nair writer or accountant.
-fmisham ºlf6non, corruptly, Umshom Memom, Mal. The
writer who registers the estimate of the crops.
Menk4gal,Tam. (GuocठैTकैeBrT6u60) The superior or district
watch : superintendant of police.
IW6nhapalgdr’, Tam.(Guoc्राफैeBrT6a-l6beBrrºr) Apettychief
in the south of India, a Pailigdr, the superior guardian or
protector of the country.
MEL, H. &c. (S. c)*ं) Meeting, mixing', an aSSembly ; also,
fig., agreement, concord : in GuZerati, casting the balance
of an account : a cash-book.
Mel4, H. &c. (S. L&०, मेला) A fair, an assemblage of people
periodically at some particular Spot, usually on a religious
festival, but at which traffic is carried on and amusements
are prowided : any fair or occasional market.
MELADIKA, Uriya (G१R॥६०) House-land unoccupied.
MELDAR, (?) Hindi, A village messenger sometimes acting
as the watchman.-Kamaon.
MEMAN, GuZ. (भ२tu०t) A particular tribe of Mohammadans
in the west of India.
M6NA, Tel. (द्भईx७) Conmected through a father’s sister, or
mother’s brother.
W6nag6dalu, Tel. (ई७.७x ॐe७) A female cousin, the
daughter of a father’s sister or mother’s brother.
W6nalludu, Tel. (ञ्७७:ंॐo) A male cousin through the
same relationship.
JM6mamdma, Tel. (द्भंxऽ3oo`6o) A maternal uncle.
Menatta, Tel. (ळंx७&3) A father's sister or mother’s
brother’s wife. &.D
MExp, less correctly, MERH, H. (AA4-०, 'मंड) A bank to sepa
rate fields, a dam, a dyke, a boundary, the boundary of a
field, the limit of the lands of a village.
Meadhbandi, pronounced, Alferhbandi, H. (from .39-५, an
account) A record of boundaries.
MENDA, H. (? 'ं9-्) Any willage or town where a Gayawal
8:39
MES
or priwileged conductor of pilgrims to Gaya has established
himself
MEND'HA, MENDHf, Mar. (S. `मंढा , "मंढी) A ram, a ewe.
JMendh6-banchardi, Mar. (from mendhd, a sheep, ban, a
wood, and chardi, graZing) A taxlevied on the pasturage
of Sheep and goats.
MENH Df, H. &c. (.****ं) A plant from the leaves of which
a red dye is prepared, with which the natives, women espe
cially, stain the palms of their hands and soles of their feet
and the tips of their fingers and toes (Lawsonia imermis).
MENIPATAM, Mal. (6)2C?la-lps०) The rent of land as cal
eulated on the average produce of different crops.
Wenicilachchil, Mal. (6)2o?lo-ng)-2])(ct) The best or
highest produce or crop of any parcel of land.
MESJoGf, Mar. Cमंजीगी) A class of Jogf mendicants in the
Maratha coutitry, worshippers of Bhairaca.
MBo, (?) H. A class of cultivators in the province of Dehli.
MEPPULAM, Mal. (०)23-{e-०) Pasture, forage for cattle.
Mं/puldram, Mal. (6)2ं2}८66)9fort) Ashepherd, a graZier.
M6RA, Tel. (ञ्9ं), Mi,ि Karn. (७९र्र्) A limit, a
boundary. _
MERA, Tel. (ब्७ ँ), MERE, Karn. (ं७९टै), MKnAl, Tam.
(GLoco०D) A portion of the crop given as a peruuisite to
the holders of a proprietary right in the village lands, or
to the hereditary willage officers and Servants, out of the
common stock from the threshing-floor : sometimes the ap
propriation is made from the government share after diwi
sion, but the practice and the proportion vary.
JM6raidittam, Tam. (Guce PDrंठी--ta) Regulation or rule
for the proportionate allowances from the crops.
MERAwANIGE, Karn. (ं७638०7ं) A procession on a festival
occasion ; a religious procession ; a bridal procession, in
which the bride and bridegroom, with attendants according
to their means, parade the streets of a town or village.
MERAKA, Tel, (न्यं) Dry land, upland, high ground.
See Metta.
MERIA, or MERIWA,Uriya (G१६थl) A human wictim, usually
a child or young person, kidnapped, and, after a Season,
sacrificed by the JKhomds, a barbarous race in the hills
west of Cuttack.
MERUwE, Karn. (ं७९४७ ं ) An inclined plane or slope of
earth up which blocks of stone are rolled for the upper
parts of a building : a trench, a stockade.
MESHA, S. &c. (मेष) A ram, the sign Aries ः in Tamil it is
sometimes used for the month in which the Sun enters
 MES MIA

Aries, or April-May, corruptly or vernacularly written, called a meti-boj/ ; it is supposed to be derived from the
JMedom, Medhom. mautical term mate, but it is perhaps the Tamil represen
MESTAK, Tel. (ञ्)ंॐ.s) A column, an item or head of tative of the Malayalim word.
account. Mar. (मेस्तक) Abook of arithmetic, a table to METTU, Tel. Karm. (न्9ं) A custom-house : the stage of
facilitate calculation. a Journey.
MESARI, GuZ. (ग्न* {\) A tribe of merchants and tradors in METTU, Tam. (Guat--G) A place where toll or custom is taken.
GuZerat, followers of a teacher termed Gostti-ji Mahdrdj. Mettuhdran, Tam. (Guat--GeºrTDrॐा) A receiver of tolls,
META, Mal. (6)2s) A hill, a height, high ground. one who examines persons entering or leaving a willage.
META, or MEr Mar. (मेट) A watchhouse or station in a vil METUvARI, Mal. (6)25a-lº) A path through a mountain,
lage usually occupied by Mhars : a military or police out a causeway. _

station near a fort or walled willage, or on the frontier of MEw U, Karn. (७९७) Pasturage, graZing.
a district. MEwAFARosH, H. &c. (U39)*४,-x०) A fruit-seller, usually of
META, Tel. (न्3xॐ) Pasturage, forage. the Māli caste ; but in the Maratha country Brahmans
METARANGAM, Tel. (ळेऽॐ०x०) The office of a head man. and Kalawants (singers) follow the business in towns : the
J/4tari, Tel. (द्भेऽॐe) A head man amongst the lower castes, fruit-sellers in the villages are sometimes Mohammadan
as palankin-bearers, washermen, cowherds, &c. (this and the gardeners.
preceding are probably from H. melitar, orS. mahat, great). MEwAs, GuZ. (*1०५u२त्) A tribe of kolis or freebooters in
METI, Tel. Karn. (ढंऽ83) The post in a threshing-floor ; GuZerat.

also, chief, principal, the head of a body of persons, espe
cially of inferior cultivators ः an assºciation of villagers
who are partners in cultivation.
JMatiddru, Tel. (द्भेऽ&$८ऽ॰४७) Head man of a company or
caste, a renter of a village.
II/6tājoda, Karn. (ं७९&3&7ं/०ॐ) A head farmer.
Jrं Mra.orntd{{palu,Tel. (ब्७ ंS`००,ञ्७ ंयe9)The
landlord’s share of the ५rop : an agreement made amongst
themselves by the cultivators with regard to what lands
are to be cultivated, in which way the gowernment revenue
and other charges are to be apportioned, and how the sur
plus is to be divided.
|lfetirayat, Mar. (मेटीयत) The head cultivator of a village.
MEwATf, H. (G'* ; मेवाती) A tribe of Rajputs inhabiting
the province of J/ercat, now known as Wacheri, and for
merly notorious for their turbulent and predatory character.
MEwARU, (?) plur, Karn. A class of slaves in Kanara, a
subdivision of the JDhers.
MEv KIRAvAN, Tam. (Gucu Geºp6uंग) A shepherd.
MEwssAL, Tam. (GLaLLवै*e60) Pasturage, pasture.
MHAIsA-PATri, Mar. (महैसापट्टी) A tax on buffaloes.
MHAo, written MHow, and Mow (?) Mar. The village mes
senger and watchman ; probably a dialectical modification
of Mahdr, or Whdr, G. w.
Mhao-Mharhi, (?) Mar, A tax on the lands held by the
JMah4?’s.

METf, Mal. (6)2(उंौ) Treading-out or threshing corn ; the MIAAD, H. &c. (o५५०), MivAD, Beng. (भिषi) Term, limit,
treadle of a loom. either of time or place.
METRAN, Mal. (6)2७2rrt) A bishop (from the Syriac). Midddi, H. &c. (.se५५ca), Miyadi, IBeng.(भिषiी)Limited,
Mi:TrA, Tel. (ञ्9ं) High and dry land, not capable of terminable, conditional, also subst., limitation.
irrigation, but depending on the rain, and therefore unfit Jlfidddi-jjard, H. (from )५-', a farm) A farm or lease for
for rice. a specified term, a farm for a given mumber of years, a
Mettaguddalu, Tel. (रं) High lands, fields ouly terminable lease. _

fit for dry cultivation. MiAN, H. &c. (P. ७५-९, मीयान्) A term of respectful address
Aftttajagd,Tel (ब्७ ंश्च ज्) High ground.hills,hillocks. to an old or respectable person, sir, master : also a mediator,
M6ttardri, Tel. (व्Oं,०) The crop of the dry cultivation. am umpire, a schoolmaster.
METrf, Mal. (6)35ौ) 'An inferior domestic servant, a term Midn-4dma{, H. (P. Jeeeि ७५-्) A respectable man, a
of common use in Malabar : a term of similar sound is gentleman.
used at Madras to signify a menial, who is usually a MIANA, H. (ंd५०) A kind of palankin, that used generally
Pareyan, who cleans dishes, lamps, shoes, &c., commonly by Europeans.
840
 MIA
lfidai, Gu2. (*tl५tuett) The name of a tribe of Moham
madan freebooters on the confines of Sindh and GuZerat.
MIARAJ, commonly, MIRAJ, H. (A. F)*०) Ascent, whence
|lailat-ul-midrdj, means the night of Mohammad’s ascent
to heavem, observed as an anniversary festival by devout
Mohammadans on the Iछेth, I0th, or 27th of the month।
of Itajab.
MicHAvARAyr, corruptly, MICHARosl, Tam. (LBe6-IITDrta,
from J/icharam, superior, and caram, Share), MICHCHA
vARAM, Mal. (2)24०-10fo०) The landlord’s share of the
crop : in Malabar, the proprietor’s rent, after deducting the
interest of the money lent or advanced by the tenant: the
surplus amount or difference between the interest of money
lent on mortgage and the proceeds of the estate occupied
by the mortgagee, payable to the mortgager. See the next.
IIMichcham, Mal. (2)2-!०) Remainder, residue, surplus.
MIDDE, MIDDI wA, Tel. (२，3, २98०७०) A house with an
upper story, also one with a flat or terraced roof
MiGrKE, MiGUTE, MiGuviKE, Karn. (२०?\9, २०%डॆ,
२०x७२ठै) Surplus, balance.
Mr HyrAN, less correctly, MEHyrAN, H. &e. (P. ७५*५-॰) A
stranger, a guest. _ exempt from revenue payment.
J/ih?ndn?, H. &c. (JAL*५-४) Hospitality, reception or charge
of a guest : under the Mohammadan government, a deduc
tion from the revenue, allowed to Zamindftrs to defray the
cost of their entertaining travellers, pilgrims, and strangers
in general : also a cess levied in some places by the Za
mindars under pretext of providing for Similar purposes.
JMihman-dir, H. (P. 9'AGLA५-०) A host, a person deputed MItyf, H. &c. The letter of the Persian alphabet,
to receive and take charge of a stranger, especially if of
conseduence, as an envoy from a foreign court.
JMilimdn-khdna, or sard, H. (from the P. ४de-or ]~) A
house where a visitor is accommodated, a place for the recep
tion of strangers or visitors in general, sometimes found in
villages and towns.
J/ihmdn-cdram, Tam. A share of the produce of the harvest
set apart for travellers and guests.
MIIINAT, H. (A. c-~～~*) ILabour, trouble, care.
IMihnatdna. H. (AGLCee) Hire or wages of labour, payment
for work done, compensation for the management of any
affair or estate, excess ower the legal rate of interest as a
remuneration for the lender’s trouble.
Mihnati, H. (Ae*) ILaborious, painstaking, one on whom
any trouble or labour devolves.
MIHRRATTi, (?) H. An account kept by the willage accountant
:94]
MIN
in Bengal, shewing the names of the cultivators, the extent
of their fields, their cultivation and crops, and the amount
of their assessment.
MIJHARi, (?) Tax on the low caste, termed D6am.-Kamaon.
MIILAN, H. &c. (9-४) Mixing, association; entering into a
contract or agreement with.
J/ildn, or Wildni, II. &c. (J!.०, ५*ं) Causing a mixture
orconcurrence, making parties agree, adjustment,arbitration :
a supplementary or Subsidiary statement.
lfilin:jandbandi, incorrectly, J/elanjumabundi, H. (J"०
.sAं,५.-, मिलान जमाबंदी) An appendix or supple
ment to the account of the rewenues of a willage, shew
ing the warieties that occur in the extent of land in cul
tivation.
MLLK, MILKiAT, corruptly, MILKEUT, and MILKy ET, H. &c.
(A. ५-'-०, ५~ं4-०) Possession, property, mastership,
proprietary right; also real property, landed possessions: it
is sometimes applied to the possession of rent-free lands.
J/il/ं?, H. (.*०) Proprietary, relating to ownership, espe
cially in land, a proprietor, a farmer.
JMilkā-ld/hi)’dj, H. (F)*-".*4०) Proprietorship of lands
J/ill-khar{dag/{, H. ५.*५9*---'५०) Ownership by purchase.
See /k/ंa/“{da.
~'/*/-kharidaddr, H. 9'es.४)*-५4-9-०) Owner of a pur
chased estate (especially in Cuttack).
~'/ilkfat-istamrtiri, II (from)'AC.), ५. v.) Proprietary right
or possession in perpetuity.
in, •" used,
under the Mogul government, as a countersign by the
-Dimodm upon an imperial grant or assignment of revenue.
MiMANSA, S. &c. (मीमांसा) Judgment, investigation ः one
of the Hindu schools of philosophy, the object of which
is to investigate the doctrime of the Weda, and the practices
enjoined.
J/andnsaka, S. &c. (मीमांसक) A judge, an umpire, a teacher
of the Mimftnsf philosophy.
AttNHA, or, MINHAi, corruptly, MINHvE, H. (A. ५..०, _४५..०,
literally, J/in ७०,from, lad ५*, that) Deduction,subtraction:
as a revenue term it implies deduction from the assessod
revenue of an estate or village, as on account of uncultivable
tracts of wood or water, wilderness or waste, or for com
pensation of the Kanungos (Ben. Reg. xiii. I827.) or for
local charges : In Mohammadan law it means a usufruc
tuary loan) or the loan of any thing which the borrower is
4S
 MIN
to return, using in the mean time the produce, as of a cow,
the milk of which the borrower may consume.
Alfinh41-ddr, H. (P. )'e , who has) A holder oflandexempted
from revenue payment, or Subject to a diminished assessment.
Minh61-1ः, H. (U*५५*ं) IDeduction from the assessment
on some account, as Special assignment, or exemption on
account of the land lying uncultivated, &e.
MINA K, or MfNAKfA, Thug. A religious mendicant.
MINJUMLA, H. &c. (A. ALas**) Upon the whole, generally,
universally.
Mistryru LU,Tel. (२9ं9999) Akind of bean grown on dry
lands (Phaseolus mungo),
Mi R, MEER, H. (A. J*ं) A chief, a head or leader ; under ।
the Mohammadans, the title of the head of a department : it
is also a title borne by Sayids, or those persons who claim
a descent from the family of Mohammad.
ITir-i-ddl, H. (A. UAe9Ace) An officer ofjustice, a superin-
tendant of tlle courts who revised the decisions of the KaZis
and judges, passed sentence, and ordered punishment.
]/{?’-akhor, H. (A. 2;*-94-॰) Master of the horse.
Jfir-i-6tish, H. (A. P. e-A.S]A-०) Master of the ordnance,
head of the artillery.
lfir-bahr, II. (A. P. Asं,*०) Custom or harbour-master.
AIM??’-bah?’?, H. (.9-!'A ॰) Port duties, fees on vessels
entering or leaving port, also taxes on boat and ship-build
ing : the term has been also applied to the fees levied from
pilgrims at Allahabad.
lfir-bakhshi, H. (._Asं9-॰) Paymaster general.
Itirdaha, H.(.०9Aं), Beng. lfirddha (निश्)ि,Hindi, ITir
dhd (मिरधा) The head peon, or messenger ofa Zamindār :
the inspector or Superintendant of a village : a native officer
employed to preserve the willage boundaries from encroach
ment : one employed to carry the measuring chain, or ap
ply it to actual measurement in a survey : the head man
of a willage : In Mar. also the captain or head of spear
men, who precede great men in procession; also a head spy
or messenger : (from in fr, chief and deh, ten, or a small
company, or dell, or dill, a village, whence the different
meanings). _ lfirdंddr or Wirdsiddr H. &c. ()'AG),ं-० मिरासीदार) Mः
J/{/'-i-mamsil, II. (J*9:-e) Ouartermaster general.
.}/??’-mahalla/, H. (ं-9*२) Head, or superintendant of a
Guarter of the towm, inspector of police.
J/fr-mamsh?, H. (.*--9*ं) Chief secretary.
IWir-peshldr, H. &c. (०४-!--J*ं) Accountant-general.
J/{r-sdjmdn, H. (७५-५,*२) Head steward.
:9-42
MIR
Jlfir-shihdr, H. ( )४ं94-्) Chief humtsman.
IMir’-tu2ah', H. (५429*ं) Chief marshal, am officer whose
। duty is to maintain order in a march or procession.
JM1r4m, H. (७)*ं) Proportion of the fees, or perguisites of
the inferior officers of a department payable to the chief
MIRA:, H. &c (A. ५-')*०,from ५*-99x to inherit), Mar. (मिरास)
MIRASr, and MIRASU, Tam. (LंीDrrTeºl, LahDTre) MI
RAsU, Tel. (२9C`*CC) MIRASr, Karn. (२9Cन्ध&) Inheri
tance, inherited property or right : the term, is used, espe
cially in the south of India, to signify lands held by absolute
hereditary proprietorship under one ofthree contingencies :
I. either as a joint coparcenary tenure in the lands ofa vil
lage, and either cultivated in common, or allotted annually,
or at some otherstated period,among theproprietors; 2. Asone
of several parcels or lots in which the lands of the willage
are divided ; Or, :S. as a whole estate where all the lands of
|
the village are the property of one proprietor. In some
parts of the Madras provinces, especially north and south
Arcot and Chinglepat, known in the native records as Ton
damandalam, the term is also applied to certain hereditary
privileges enjoyed by the holders of Mirtis lands, consist
ing sometimes of a right to hold portions of their estates
exempt from assessment, and, in almost all, the privilege
of receiving portions of the general produce, or money com
pensation from the other members of the community. It
also applies to the fees and perguisites receivable by the
officers and Servants ofthe community, who are not posseessed
। of any share of the l/irtts land, and to hereditary succes
sion to various offices, privileges, and emoluments, as to the
post of musician to a temple or the like.-Ellis on IIMi/%sā
right. In Sylhet it applies to Talukas settled perpetually.
Mirdं H. &c. (७)*ं) Hereditary, any thing relating to
Mirds, also the same as J/irं, (and the most usual form in
the south) or hereditary lands or offices,also one holding land
or office in a village by hereditary descent. In the Konkan
it is applied especially to the resident Mhār, or sweeper,
holding his office by Succession, and entitled to a Share of
the crop.
rasiddruda, Tel. (२CCष्टै८ऽप्ॐCॐ०) Jr.irdsiddram, Tam.
(Laी ग्रामंीgत Drcरैी) Theholderofhereditarylands,oroffices
in a village. In the Northern Sarkars, especially, a here
ditary willage officer or servant : In Sylhet, the holder of
an estate, usually of very small extent, assessed in perpe
tuity ; a petty landholder or cultivator.
 MIR
०)
]/irdsi-amubhog/u-ddndchd, Karn. ( २b००?e9.७cंM०7G.
C०त्यव्&ग्व्) Light tax or guit-rents on hereditary lands
and offices.
JMirasibaba, Karn. (२9यव2थ्ग्व्-899) Of or belonging to
hereditary, or rent free land.
Mirdsi-rdiat, H. &c. (A. ५~~49) A hereditary cultivator,
one having a right to hold his land as long as he pays
the rent to the proprietor, and the government revenue.
J/irdisi-sutamtaram, Tam. (L्री Drreीeg ,िंठ Drta, from S.
sicatantram स्वतन्त्रं, independent) Absolute hereditary right
to lands or offices. _
J/irdspatt?, Mar. (मिणासपट्टी) A tax levied occasionally on
Mirāsdārs. .
Wirds-ctiram, Tam. (from 6urT Drta, share) The part pro
duce of hereditary land.
MIRDA, H. (lo'A ०) A caste of migratory shepherds in the
south of India, or an individual of it.
MIRZA, H. (P. }x०) When prefixed to a name, a secretary,
a civilian, as J/irsa-Ibrahim; when following it, a prince,
as A1bbas Mir24.
MISAN, H. (७“०) मिसन) A soil mixed of clay and Sand,
sometimes considered as the first or best description of soil,
or Soil rendered highly productive by diligent tillage and
plentiful manuring.
MIs L, H. (A. Uं ॰) Similitude ; an aSSembly, a corporation,
an assemblage of persons of the Same or like station and
occupations : a collection of like or Similar documents form
ing the body of public proceedings in judicial or in revenue
matters ; whence the instructions to the officers employed
to assess the lands in the north-west provinces are denomi
nated the Settlement Mix' ः the term is also applied to a
Suit or proceedings at law in general.
Wis!-dincini, H. A civil suit.
Wi:!:fa५jdiri, H. A criminal suit.
Wisl-karanam, Tel. The principal or officiating village
clerk or accountant.
J/is/-reddi, Tel. The farmer who is considered the head
of the cultivators in a willage, and represents the community.
-Wis'-nutafaralia ,H. (A. ं,ं ॰) Miscellaneous proceedings.
ntiं", H. (A. Uं) Like, edual ः in Mohammadan law it
applies to an afticle which, being lent or Sold, is to be re
placed by another of a similar description.
JMisl-tircai, Tam. (LaीGंठी घै०००6-) An assessment on a
field similar or analogous to that on the adjacent land.
MI:KAL, H. (A. Jं ॰) Ameasure of weight =0:}ं Tr. grains.
:9-4:B
MiT
MISKi N, H. (A. ७*~~) Poor : in law, one having no pro
perty whatewer.
MISMAR, H. (A.),५~~~) ILit., destruction : applied in some
places to mischief to crops committed by cattle.
MISR,MISRA, less correctly, MISHAR,H. (S9-2०, मिश्र) A name
given to a Brahman of the Kanaujya tribe, and especially
to the members of two of the subdivisions, G'6ts, or fami
lies belonging to it, those of the Sandal, and Kat/ti/ana
or Wism’dmitra G6ts : the term J/isr was conjectured to
have been connected with the ancient name of Egypt,
J/is?', as if some of the IBrahmans had come from that
country : it is more probably of affinity to J/i8ra, mixed,
indicating some mixture of race or family, the tradition of
which has perished.
MISRi, H. (A. .9~०), MICHIIRi, IBeng. (मिश्रुती) Sugar-candy.
MISTRi, H. &c. (.s; ~~०), MESTRi, Mar. (मेश्सतरी) An arti
ficer, a mechanic, as, a mason, a carpenter, &c. : a head
artificer, a chief builder, a carpenter, and the like.
MITAT, less correctly, MATAT, and MUTAA, A. (ं ॰) Tem
porary cohabitation, a sort of left-handed marriage among
the Mohammadans, taking a wife for a specified time; al
lowed by the Shias, but considered illegal by the Si/mis :
also a present given to a woman, upon whom no portion
। had been settled, on diworcing her.
JHamtud, H. (A. 8***) A woman who has been temp0
rarily a wife.
\ffTHA, H. &c, (५५.०,S. मिष्ट), MrrHA, Beng and Mar.(निष्ठैi,
मिठा) Sweet.
J/{thd?, H. &c. (.***०) Sweetmeats, confectionery.
J/ith44-?cald, H. (";.s'ं) A maker or vender of Sweet
meats, a confectioner.
J/ithdnamalamchard, IBeng. (भिाठेन्रिालंप्रतंi) Alluvial lands
become Sweet and fit for tillage.-Chittagong.
MfTHA, and incomp., MrTHA, Mar. (मीठ) and GuZ. (ब{12) Salt.
J/ithda/ar, Mar. (मिठागर) A salt-pan, salt-works.
J/ithdjari, Mar. and GuZ. (मिठागरी) A caste, or an in
dividual member of it, whose occupation is the manufac
ture of sea-salt.
-]/{thamola, Mar. (मीठमोल) A place where salt is manu
factured.
J/ittamola-apparike, Karn. (२०3.ेve१ ॐं8eे) An
annual tax on each salt manufactory.
J/ithaloadri, Mar. (मीठलोणारी) A caste, or an individual
of it, whose business it is to make salt, especially from
inland saline deposits or marshes.
 MIT _ MOG
MITH HALA, Hindi (मिठहाला) A productive moisture inherent
in the soil.-Puramiya.
MITHTHE, Karn. (२9ं) Land tax, assessment, rent on land.
MITHyA, H. &c. (S. ५:ं*०, मिश्य्या) False, falsely.
TIWit//4bddi, IBeng. (मिथप्रiदीती, from S. वादी , who speaks)
One making a false assertion or charge, a calumniator.
Alfitla/tistikhi, IBeng. (जीन्ती, from S. साघी) Afalse witness।
]/itl.j/48apath, IBeng. (from S. शापय, an oath) Perjury.
J/it//d sukgat, Uriya (्थ५|g६६), from S. मुकृति) Perjury.
J/it//ottara, IBeng. (झि८थठांङ्त, from S. उन्वरः, answer) A
reply asserting the falsehood of the charge, denial of a
charge (in Hindu law).
MITI, H.&c.(S.._ं.०, मिति) Measure,limit,bounds: date: interest.
। Kachchd-mit/, corruptly, Catchamected, H. Interest charged
by money dealers on money advanced, dated from the day
before the transaction.
JPaklid-niti, corruptly, IPucha mectee, H. Interest allowed
by bankers on money received, dating from the day after
the receipt.
MHTTA, Tam. (Lंी---IT) Subdivision of a district, an estate
forming such a division : a rewenue estate created in the
Madras territoric5 under the permanent settlement.
]/ittddd)’, Tam. (P. 2'e, who has) The holder or proprietor
of an estate forming the subdivision of a district.
MIIZAJ SHARi F, II. (A. व्-!* । temperament, –ं)%) A very
respectful term of induiry concerming a person's health, as
if it were asked, Is your moble temperament well ?
M1IZAN, II. (A. ७'*ं) A balance, a pair of scales : sum total.
MOBED, GuZ. (ेण1ं) A priest of the P:trsfs.
MoCHA, Hindi (मोचा) Crops beat down by wind or rain.
MOCHAN, H. &c. (७तः-9९० from S. मूपं, stealing, also from S.
मुच) Letting go, setting at liberty.
\foCHARA, IIindi (मोचरा) The crop of late-sown rice (May
June) : a rate in a Patta for such crops when the only
ones raised in the year on the same land.-Puraniya.
MoCHCHAI,Tam.(GLarTर्कै’०००G) Aleguminous plantcultivated
on dry ground : (Dolichos tetraspirmus),
MOCH I, H. &c. (.***ं) A worker in leather, but commonly
applied to one who is by caste and occupation a shoemaker,
a harness maker, or Saddler. MUCHCHE, Tel. (ंOCं)
The name of a caste in the south of India, or of a member
of it, who, like the Mochi (which word is no doubt the
same) of Hindustan, is a worker in leather and saddlery,
but is also a cabinet or furniture-maker and a portrait
painter : a J/५chche-cddh’, or J/uchi-man, as he is termed,
844
is also employed in public offices, like a ddftarं in Upper
India, to make pens, ink, provide paper, Seal letters, and
bind books, and the like.
Mop, or MoR, Mar. (मोड, from the v. मोडणे, to break or sepa
rate) The common business hand ; the broken or cursive
writing used by the Marathas on ordinary occasions.
MODAL, or MOBAL, Beng. (८भीजल) The head man of a vil
lage, the JMandal.-Bengal.
।
MODALU, Tel. Karn. (ंx५०ॐeo), MU DAL, Tam. (9-्ठं)
Origin, principal, capital : first, chief See Mutal.
J/0dalttlu, Karn. (ेv०ॐeणव्%9) A chief or head man.
]/udaloddai, Tam. (GPंठ606- IT०००-) A field first watered
from a tank.
|l/odalacdru, Karn. (ंv०ॐoयव्ॐ०) The first day of the
week, Sunday.
Waddā-modalu, Tel. (3३ब्OO ॐeo) Principal and interest.
-Madaldgi, Tam. (GPंठ6orr6rf) A president, a proprietor.
lfudali, Itudalcan, Tam. (GPंठ०), ७०्ठ606-ॐण) A title
of the agricultural and some other respectable classes.
J/udali/dr, Tam.(७०्ठ6ं) LLIT टैr, plur., but used to an indi
widual honorifically) A respectful title or address to natives
in the Tamil prowinces, especially those of the IIMudali
tribe, when of respectability, as Mr. or Sir : an official
designation in Ceylon.
MlopAN, or MoTAN, corruptly MODDAM, Mal. (6)20srrt)
High land on which a particular kind of rice is cultivated.
MoDi, H. &c. (.se*०, मोदी) A shopkeeper, a steward ः in
IBengal, MUDi, or M6DI, (पूनी, ८गोप्त्री), most usually
denotes the willage shopkeeper, a sort of grocer or chandler
and grain dealer, who sells a variety of articles of necessity
to the willagers, and who are generally in his debt at a
usurious rate of interest.
|llodiklidna, H. &e. (ं4-८sex०, मोदीखाना) A chandler’s or
grocer’s shop : among the Marathas also, the commissarait
department, the supplies necessary for an army, the office
whence they are issued, the place where they are kept, &c.
M6pi, Karn (M०९०) The victualling department, the esta
blishment for prowiding public provisions.
त्रं ॰/
]]/6dikepu, Karn. (५०९०ठैं)A herd of cattle with public
provisions.
MoDAk, IBeng, &c. (८मीक्)ि A confectioner, also a kind of
Sweetmeat.
Mo(HAL) more correctly, MUGHAL, in common use, MoGHUL,
H. &c. (c)श्-०), MoGAI, Mar. (मोगल) The designation of
one of the great Tartar tribes, the J/on//ol, or of a member
{
 MOG MOR)

of it : as a title it was especially applied to the sowereigns lfojdat, Mar. (मोजदात) Counting, numbering of articles,
of Delhi of the house of Timur, although they were egually as houses, &c
at least of Turk descent, and presented in their appearance 2fojnf, Mar. (मोजणी) Counting, numbering, a census.
entirely Turkish characteristics. JMojnāddr, Mar. (मोजणीट्ार) A measurer, a numberer, a
-Modhldi, or Mughldi, vernacularly, Mogaldi, or Moglai, ।surveyor.
corruptly, Mogulae, and Mogullaye, H. &c. (.**०, मोग MoKALCHITHTHI,Mar. (मोकळबिळुि, from mohala मोकळठा, free
लाशै्) Relating or belonging to the Mughals, as the period from, from S. moksha) Adeed of release,or of manumission.
of their ascendancy in Hindustan, extended to that of the MoKKA, Tel. (व्coं_) A young plant.
। Mohammadan kings of Bijapur, Golkonda, &c. in the -Mokkadugu, Tel. (व्coँ_ॐox०) A second crop.
Dakhin ; also fees paid to Moghul or Mohammadan officersः MoKsHA, S. &c. (मोष्ा), MoKAsH, or MocHH, H. (U***,
also a branch of the revenues of the Nawab of Surat, distinct -*ं) Liberation in general, but especially liboration
from those of which the Marathas exacted the Chauth, g. w. of the soul, and its exemption from further transmigration.
Jfogali, Mar. (मोगली) Relating to the Mohammadan'tule, MOL, H. &c. (S. d;~ । मोल) Purchase, buying ः price : hire,
especially applied to such portion of the rewenue payments fare, wages of labour.
of a village as the Marathas did not at once appropriate. Molkarं, Mar. (मोलकर्णी) A labourer hired for a job.
-Mughal-bandi, H. (.3. ५d)sa), lfogal-bandi, Uriya (s१I (J*dyं) Pixing a price, traffic, purchasing.
JMol-tol, H.
०२६६) The part of the territory of Cuttack which was MoLA, Karn. ( ४) A measure of length, a cubit from
formerly subject to the government of Delhi, and is now the elbow to the tip of the little finger.
administered according to the Regulations of the British MGLE, Karn. (ेv०९र्र्)) A bank, a rising ground: a leak: a
। government, paying the land rewenue on the same plan as salt-heap.
that adopted in Bengal. Ben. Reg. xii. 1805. M6M, H. (P. y०) Bees’-wax.
MoGHAM, S. (मोघम्) Wain, useless, unprofitable ; whence, in Momj6ma, H. (P. *८५-9ं) Wax-cloth, coarse cloth steeped
Marathi, it signifies indefinite, undefined, not particulariZed. in melted wax and used as an outer covering for parcels.
_N. _~.

Jlfogham-baib, Mar. (मोधंबाब) A round sum given by a | MoMANo, Gu2. (*tt*tstt) A Mohammadan weaver or cul
village in advance, or pending the collection, a payment tivator in Cutch.

on account, an instalment. MoMATI, Karn. (ेv०:So&3) A sort of spade or hoe.

JMogham-babt{, Mar. (मोघमषाषती) An undefined cess, one MoNDEMU, Tel. (ं99०-3ं99) A salt-heap, of which part
imposed without any Specified rate, or to make up a certain has been sold.

sum reguired, without giving the exaction any name. MoPHARDU, Tel. (ं99ं, from A n५fria, e,*२, single,
JMogum.jdsti, Karn. (ंv०K००&मळ3x., for P. 2iddat{, simple) An abstract account.
increase) Outbidding, offering a higher rent for land than MORA, Karn. (ेv०6) A small fan for winnowing corn.
is likely to be realiZed (fruitless enhancement). MoRABHArrA, Karn (यै५०००d.) Established fees or vi
Mod HAN, Mar. (मोघण) A particular tube attached to a drill lage servants.
plough for sowing a different grain. MORABU, Karn. (ेv०6४००) Gravelly and stony soil.
(कंoO3GPGeo,
MoHAsALU,MOHAS ALI, or MoHAssAI.U, Tel. MoRADUKARADU, Karn. (ेv०ॐo6ॐC) Coarse and blot
त्व्७Oंणश्ॐ9, व्99ंणश्ॐंॐeo),MortAsALu, MoHAsALi, ted, as a writing.
Karn. (ंv००७eo, उं /०४०K39) Restraint placed upon MORAM U, Tel. (व्99ँOO) Gravel or chalk See J/uram.
a person to prevent his escape, or to enforce payment of a MoRANA, (?) Settlement on a wife at the time of marriage.
demand (derived from the A. malistil, although no such -Chittagong.
meaning is given to the latter in Hindustan). MoRAPANi:LA,Tel.(व्cND ँOत्ऽe) Gravelly, orcalcareous soil.
MoHII., Thug. A chief MoRAsA, Tel. Cं99ं) Gravelly, as soil.
MoHTADU, Tel. (कं७७ंGoछॐ७) A willage messenger or MORAw U, Karn. (उँ /०४७) Surplus water running from a tank.
|
|
;peon employed on all occasions. MoRFं, MoRAH, or MU DI, (?) Karn. A large measure of land:
MoJ, Mar. (मोज) Measure, determinate ५uantity or measure, it is said to consist of 45 Guntas, each 8:B feet SGuare,
13 ____ _ _ _

the guantity determined by measure. or about l्र th acre : it is also said to mean rent in kind.
84छे 4 T
 MOR MUAं

MoRHA, H. ( 9ं) A low stool or seat. ]/irgmadl, Thug. A herd of deer, ominous of a meeting
with associates.
MoRf, H. (P. .3); 3) A water-course, a drain, a pipe under
the surface to convey water. MRITA, S. &c. (मृत) Dead.
MoRKA, Thug. Extra share given to the leader of a gang. -Mritapatra, S. &c. (from पच, a leaf) A will, a testament.
MoRKHAf,Gu2.(*tu२.५u४) Areward forapprehending thieves |lfritd8aucha, S. &c. (मृताशीच) Impurity caused by the
and robbers. death of a relative or connexion.
Morkhdo, GuZ. (*u२ंv५u२tt) One who gives information -Mritasmatma, S. &c. (मृतस्नान) Bathing performed by Brah
of thefts or robberies, king's evidence. mans officiating at the burning of a dead body.
MOSAL, GuZ. (भी॥२tu८-५, from A. J~=*) A summons, a MUAAFf, corruptly, MAAFEE, MAAFIE, MAH.Fw, MAFFEE,
Subpoena ः a bailiff MAAFFEE, MAUPHEE, H. (, .*५.3), vernacularly, MAPHi,
Mor, Mar. (मोट) MorA, Mopti,Tel. (वेoe2, व्99ं9) The Beng.(भगिनी),Mar.(माफी),MAPH I,Tel. (3UTo8b), adj., For
large bucket of a draw well. given, remitted : subst., forgiving, remission or exemption
lfogasthal, Mar. (मोटस्यल) lfotusthal, Tel. (न्-9०839ंe) from the demands of the state : a grant ofland free of assess
Iand watered from a draw-well. ment : the word is in common use to signify exempt or free
MoT, Beng. (८ष्ाiछे) MoTTAM, Tam. (Guarा। छैट्ठta) Total, whole, from duty or tax, as lands, goods, &c. ः it also designated,a
a consolidated sum : also, in IBengal, a load or burthen. particular grant formerly made by Zaminditrs and the revenue
J/otdmddmi, IBeng. (८ऽाघ्रेiष्मप्लींर्नी) Total receipts, total income. officers of the government, which became hereditary and
-Motdmoti, IBeng. (८मीळैीटमीf) In the lump, in the gross, transferable, and was also applied to lands which were held
upon the whole. free of revenue on condition of service. Ben. Reg. xi, I70छे.
J/ot-hast-o-bdd.jamd, IBeng, (ंगार्हैहय्यावृञ्जातः) Total de (The vowel ad, following m, in this andsimilar words, which
mandable revenue. are mostly the past-participles of Arabic increased radicals,
Modhi4, IMoti6,or lfu{id,H. &c. (५ ँ;०'ं२ 'ं) Moti/6, is retained in Hindustani, although faintly, and almost in
Beng. (८ाiन्द्रेिण) A porter, a labourer, a carrier of burthens. audibly Sounded : in the more purely Indian dialects it is
MorADr, MorADU, Tel. (व्999`०, `व्ंxx छे' ंO) An in either rejected or transmuted to d or o, and the Arabic ain
। ferior revenue servant or peom, whose duty it is to look is lost in the long d, as in the following examples)
after the crops. -Māphdi, Mar. (मTफाई) Remission or abatement of the go
MoTALA, Mar. (मोताळा) A particular tribe of Brahmans in vernment claim for revenue.

GuZerat, or a member of it. ltuddfi, or Mipha-chitthi, H. &e (. ँ- .#'~०, मापी

MoTHALA, Hindi (मोतहाला) Deficiency of moisture in soil,
not enough for the seed to germinate.
MoTHIA, Thug. A class of Thugs residing cheifly in Rang
pur and Dainajpur,usually following the businessof weavers,
said to be So termed from giving their leaders a handful
(Mitthe, or Mothi) of rupees from each man's share, in
addition to their own.
fबटठी) An order to pass free of toll or tax, a warrant of
remission ः it was formerly applied especially to certain
classes of pilgrims, exempting them from payment of the
pilgrim tax.
Muddfi, or Miphi-d6?’, H. &c. 9l9._s'~०, माफीदार) One
holding any thing exempt from tax, the holder of rent-free
|lands.

Mo-ULA, Beng. (८ाiजैल) An advance of money for rice in Muddfi-istica, H. (from A. l;.l, egual) A tenure by
the husk.-Mymensing. which waste land is held for a time rent-free, and for a
MowAT, or MAwAT, (?) Mar. A class of soils of a mixed further period at a guit-rent, until the given term expires.
kind, and of light black colour. JMāphi.jamim, Mar. (माफीजमीन) Land revenue free: with
Mowrs, Tam. (GLorTLLीॐा) Any payment or contribution the prefix aji (?), it is said to imply land entirely exempt,
to a temple : any establishment. Sce II/udin. and with optim (?), that which is partially so ः such land is
MRIGA, S., and in most dialects, but modified as MitrG, MRUG, also distinguished as chakria (?),or exempted under certain
or Mf RG (मृग) A deer, also the asterism termed likewise conditions, or for certain purposes, and ghair-sharti (from
JMrijarsirsha, the deer’s head. A. A*, without, and 'e* । condition), free from conditions;
2lfrigsal, Mar. ( मृगसाल) The Mohammadan year. -the first, again, is distinguished as, Prapanchairtha,
846
 MUA
(S. प्रपञ्चायै) Land exempted for Secular or civil objects, as
in reduital of the duties of a Patil, or willage servant, or
for keeping embankments in repair, &c. and
-Dharmartha, (S. धम्मॆायै) Exempted in favour of religious
establishments (Depasthdina), or ofindividuals for perform
ing religious functions (Dharmadham, ?).
JMud4fi-ndimili, H. (A';~''~ …''~ं)
Established or cus
tomary remissions : in Benares, customary deductions from
the government revenue made formerly to the native col
lectors and farmers on account of similar remissions made
by them to their Subordinates, or to the cultivators, or of
charitable allowances. Ben. Reg. ii. I795.
-Mudfi-nujr6ं, corruptly, Madf/-mujraj/, H. (.s)**७*~ं)
ILands exempt from tax, assigned to various indiwiduals.
See Mujrdi.
Jlfud4fi-ndma, H. (P. &०७, a writing) A warrant or order
of exemption from duty or assessment.
Jlfudafi-ramodna, H. (from &i', , a pass) An order or per
mit for the transit of merchandise duty free ; an order for
the free transit of salt for the Upper Provinces. Ben.
Reg. wi. I804.
Maphā-8al, Mar. (माफीसाल) A year of exemption from as
sessment on some account, as bringing waste land into
cultivation, &c.
MUA-rN, commonly, MAwIN, corruptly, MowEN, or MowEN,
H. (A. ७**ं) Established, fixed.
JMadin-्ibita, H. &c. (A. Ala'-3 JAश्-3) Established rule,
fixed or legal charges, table or Statement of wages or al- }
lowance, list of the public servants of any establishment.
MUAJ.JAL, corruptly, MoAJr L, H. (A. c)s**) Prompt, done
without delay ः in law, prompt payment of a debt, or pay
ment within a month after it is due : also a dower or
marriage settlement to be paid immediately.
MUALIyr, H. (A. #'~ं) MALfyr, Mar. (मालीम) A navigator, a
pilot.
MUALLAR, less correctly, MUwALLA K, A. (G'~ः) Suspended,
literallyः in law, any transaction not closed, as a sale in
which payment of the price is deferred.
MUAAstALAT, H. (A.५“-4~''~०, plur MUAAyrAIAT, ५-4a५*०,
from Mudmald)Aश्-॰) MAM LA,MAyf I.AT, Beng. and Mar,
(मोमनi,मांभ्ानज, मामला,मामलत),MAMLAT,Uriya (१|१R६)
Affair, business, negociation, jurisdiction, suit, management
or conduct of public affairs; civil employment under the
government in the south of India, especially the collection
of the revenue, and management of a district.
847
MUB
]/%mledar, or M।āmlat-dar, Mar, Gu2. (मामलेदार मामल्ठतदार)
The head revenue and police native officer of a district,
invested as a revenue officer with the duties of realising
the collections, and remitting them to the treasury of the
superior collector, of generally superintending the conduct
and checking the accounts of the subordinate revenue of
ficers, of investigating the payments and charges of the vil
lages, and supervising the state of the cultivation : as civil
and police officer, he exercised, under the native govern
ments, undefined and extensive powers, which are now limited
by Regulation ः it sometimes denotes afarmerof the revenue.
ुlf6mlatd4ri, Mar. (मामलतदारी) The office or duty of a
Matmlatddr, the collection or farm of the revenue, the
administration of a district.
TM6ml6hail, Uriya (१॥१RI६.IR) Circumstances of an affair,
particulars of a Suit.
MUATABAR, H. (A.)***ं), MATABARf, Hindi (मातबग्री) Re
spectable, worthy of confidence, a person of credit ः one
who is responsible for the sufficiency of a surety, and who
is liable for the amount, should both principal and surety be
defaulters.
MUATA K, H. (A. J*०) emancipated.slave.
An
MUATTAI, corruptly, MATf L, H. (A. Ua-ः) Idle, unoc
cupied, applied especially to a public officer who has been
suspended or dismissed.
MUBADALA, H. (A. Alo५ce) lfobadalā, or Mobddald, Mar.
(मोबदला, मोबादला) Exchange, interchange, transfer, hence
applied, amongst the Marathas, to items which have
been transferred from one head of account to another,
and to balances charged to other individuals, willages, or
districts, than those by which they are due ; or balances
carried to a different year from that in which they have
occurred.
MUBAH, H. (A. -५-२) Allowed, indifferent: any action which
incurs neither praise nor blame : any thing which may be
lawfully soldः common property, that which it is lawful
for any one to use.
MUBAIAT, A. (cº-॰७५०) Entering into a contract of purchase
and sale.
IIMabiai, corruptly, Mobai, H. (A. ..***ं) Acuuired by
purchase or sale (any article) : manufacture of salt for go
vernment by contract.-Orissa.
MU BARAT, A. ($9५-२) Dissolution of marriage by mutual con
sent, putting away a wife, dissolving partnership.
Ifabarrd, H. (A. ];५-॰) Released, cleared, exonerated.
 MUB
MUBASHIR, A. 9*५-3) A superintendant, an agent ः in law,
the doer of any thing, a culprit, a criminal.
Mt BID, H. (P. Asya) A priest of the Parsis or fire-worshippers.
Mt BADADALU, Karn. (ंxग*०ॐॐeo, from the A. JA*०,
exchanged) A loan without interest ः any thing lent to be
returned.
MUCHALKA, or MUCHALKA, MooCHU LKA, H. &c. (ं45**, or
४५* मुचलका)
* MUCHCHILIRA, incorrectly, MooCHILKA,
Tel. (ं००ं9s) A written obligation or agreement,
a bond, a deed : it is commonly applied to a counterpart
covenant on the part of the proprietors or cultivators ofland,
agreeing to the rates of assessment imposed by the go
vernment; also to an engagement under a penalty to observe
the conditions of any deed or grant, or to one exacted from
thiewes or Suspected persons engaging to desist or refrain
from any illegal acts; or to one from superior police and
other officers engaging to be responsible for the conduct of
the subordinates appointed by themselves, or to any penal
recognisance which may be reguired by a magistrate.
JMuchalka in-ddrad, H. (from the P. {n-ddrad, contains
this) A phrase applicable to any agreement, signifying
" the covenant contains this,” but said to have been espe
cially applied to a document taken by the Amils or pro
vincial collectors from the Desmukhs, or Despdndyas,
stating that the collectors had-exacted no more from them
than appeared in the public accounts, and than they were
entitled to demand.
MUDA, A.(8erं) Atrustee, one to whom property is intrusted.
Mudia, A. (eey०) A depositor, one who leaves any thing
in trust with another. _ MUDDAL, or MUDAI., Mar.
MUDABBAR, or MUDABBIR, A. 0aoc०) A slave to whom
emancipation has been promised, either with or without
conditions, on his owner’s demise.
JMudabbir-i-tadbir, A. 9*५.9ंo-्) One who makes a decla
ration of the purposed emancipation of his slave or slaves
after his death.
MUDABBIR, A. C9**ं) A gowernor, a minister, a master.
MUDAl, Tam. (५०००्ठ) Ground cleared of wood and pre
pared for tillage.
JMudaipunam, Tam. (७००००्छL-cणta) Old cultivated
ground.
MUDAIN, H. (A. ७ºle-०) A debtor, a creditor.
JMuddinat, H. (A. ५--~५loc०) Selling on credit, giving credit.
MUDAM, H. &c (A. •'e-०), MUDAM, Tel. (ंOOCP०), MUD
PAyr, Karn. (ं99ं००), Mu DDAs, Mar. (मुद्दाम) Per
848
MUTD
manent, lasting, fixed, continually t in Mar., Positively
absolutely ः in Karn. also, Own, as Mudddm-4!u, (ंxंद्र्व्०
es%9) Own servant.
|lfuddam begdr{, Mar. (मुद्दामबेगारी) A hired porter or mes
senger who goes the whole distance to which a letter or
parcel is to be carried, in opposition to one who is relieved
on the road, or the HIdjir begdirā.
-Mudam-sibandi, Tel, A militiaman or guard permanently
enlisted.
MUpAwA, Tel. (ॐooॐॐ) A place where platforms for stack
ing salt are put up : a platform ofearth for piling salt upon.
MUDDAA, H. &c. (A. ५-5-3) Object, intention ः Mar. (मुद्दा)
Evidence, argument, presumption, grounds of conviction.
-Mudda4-bi-hd, H. (A. ५:५ee-3) A thing or object sued for.
the chose in action.
JMudddi, or JMuddd, H. &c. (.**०, Jeं) A plaintifi, a
prosecutor, an accuser. Muddai, Mar. (मुद्दं) An informer,
an accuser,one whotraces out and furnishes grounds for pro
ceeding against another. Tel. JMuddai, or IMuddaid4r,
(ं००，००० -ॐ००g”००००”ं) Adefendant (DaiTOPOCO,
*
from A. le, being used to signify plaintiff).
-Muddai-4le-hi, H. &c. (A. &Ae Je5-०) A defendant, the
person accused, the respondent.
JMuddaiat, H. (A. ५-४eं) A plaint, a charge, an accu
sation : a female plaintiff _
JMudd46m, or JMuddām, Mar. (मुद्दाहैम) An informer, an accuser.
JMuddapattd, Mar. (मुद्दापत्ता) Evidence, proof clue, trace.
JMudddipam4, Beng. (शृङ्गाङेशन) The office of an accuser or
prosecutor.
(मुद्दलः, मुदल) Capital, principal,
stock, as distinguished from interest or profitsः in Mal.
written JMutal, ५. v. _
JMudaldmadal, Mar. (मुदलामुदल) With the capital only,
without interest or profit.
Mu DDAT, H. &c. (A. ५-5०, मुद्दत) Space or length of time,
interval.
JMuddat-khila, Beng. (भूम्ररूथिन) Land for some time out
of tillage, although not unfit for cultivation.
JMuddat-patit, Beng. (शृङ्घउभजिज्) Neglected or uncultivated
for some time (a field).
-Muddatukuyam, Tel. (ंooंos७०७००) IAand mortgaged
with option to the lender to consider it as his property if
the mortgage is not redeemed within a stipulated period.
JKatchā-madat, GuZ. (%uन्थ{lशु९ct) Any time before a bill
falls due.
 MUD
JP4kā-mudat, GuZ. (५ u%tशुं।ct) IDue date; date at which a
bill becomes payable.
MUpr:KAM U, Tel. (ॐ०० ॐsंoo) A coin of the value of
ten hºds.
Mtj DI, Mu DA, MoRAH,MoRAy, MCRAH. See MoRE,(?) Karn.
A measure ofland, 45guntas of88 sguare feet each,49,00छै
sduare feet, or I ईं of an acre: a certain guamtity of seed-corn,
sufficient for a given guantity of land, so that a field is com
puted by the mnmber of moras or matdes which it reguires.
It is also a weight or measure of grain or rice, Sometimes
said to be egual to 40 palaka s6rs. (The term MUpr or
MURI, usually signifies, in Karn.,Tam., and Mal., a knot, a
bundle, or any thing made or tied up in a bunch or bundleः
its application to measurement either oflength or capacity is
mot given in either Dictionary, and the spelling and enun
ciation,and possibly the proper meaning of the word, though
thus repeatedly given in manuscript lists, are doubftul),
JMitdigade, (?) Karn. The measure of seed which a field
reguires for Sowing it.
JNija-maidi, IWijja-moodee, (?) Karn. The estimated number
of matdis or moras of seed in distinction to the actual
number sown in a field : sometimes they correspond, but
for some lands the proportion is but half of the former to
one of the latter.
MUpl, Tam., Mal., Karn. (G०१-) A knot, a tie ; hair tied up
in a tuft; a bundle of young rice or other plants tied in
small bundles for transplanting.
Mudippiri, Tam. (GP१-LL) Dfl) A receiver of rents or taxes,
or any proceeds of sale ; a money-changer or banker (from
the cash being put up in bags).
Madippu,Tam. ((५०t9-LL-्), Mudippa, Mal. (‘aslg–), JMu
dugu, Karn. (ंO० ॐo०७) Money or valuables tied up in a
cloth or bag, especially when intended to be presented to
an idol, or to be paid in to the public treasury.
Mu DRA, H. &c. (S. )*०) मुद्रा), MUDRE, Karn. (ॐ००C) A
seal, a signet, a stamp, a badge, a brand, a stamped coin.
JMudraballa, or -k6la, Tel. (ं99७०g, .ST*e)) A wooden
stamp for sealing heaps.of corn, &c.
_Mudrehdra, Karm. (ॐ००ॐ०व्)ं) One who applies a stamp
or seal.
JMudra-karam, Mal. (a७०66)0fort) Apeon bearing a badge.
JMudrayold, Mal. (a७6lo2)0e–l) A stamped ola or palm
leaf, admitted as a voucher in the courts of the south.
JMudrddhdranam, Mal. (S. a७0Copro6r००) Bearing an
indelible mark on some part of the body made with a hot
849
MUH
iron, representing the insignia of some deity, as the shell
of Wishnu, or the like, as a sectarial indication.
MtjpUPARAI, Tam. (ह्g®-IIT०००p) The top of the tunnel
of a sluice.
MUPAssAL, corruptly, MoFUSSIL, H. &c. (A. c)4-्) Properly
separate, distinct, particular : in Hindustan, a subordinate
or separate district ; the country, the provinces, or the sta
tions in the country, as opposed to the Sadar, or prin
cipal station or town : any other place than the ordinary
place of office or residence ; as a ddrogha, leaving a police
station to go to a village in his jurisdiction, is said to
have gone to the I/५fassal, and the same is said of a
willager who has gone from his cottage into his fields ः
its most usual application in Bengal, however, is to the
country in general, as distinct from Calcutta. Tam.
((५०Le*6b) IDetached accounts, account particulars.
-Magfas8al ddalat, H. (A. ५---Jee) A provincial court of
justice.
Jlfigfassal dingdmā-dddlat, (c“-Jlee ८.}}}e) A prowincial
court of appeal whose decrees were final in certain cases
before l793ः these courts were then merged into the city
and Zila courts.
-M५fassal.jamd, H. (A. e*+) The gross amount of revenue
payable to the Zamindār or MālguZār by the subordinate
cultivators, and, through him, to the govermment, which is
then the Sadar.jamd, or state revenue.
-Migfassal hharch, H. (A. लः9*-) Charges of collection in
the provinces.
JMagfas8al hdnungo, H. (A. *ं;४) A district or prowincial
accountant and registrar.
Jlfigfa88al tadlak, H. (A. J*ं) A subordinate or dependent
division of a district or estate.
MUPLIS, H.(A. U~48-॰) Poor, indigent, a pauper, a bankrupt.
MU FTf, H. (A. ८ॐ-४) A Mohammadan law-officer, whose
duty it was to expound the law which the kd3i was to
execute : the latter, in British India, usually discharges the
duties of the Wigfti also.
MtioA, MoooA, also writtem, MooNGA, but (?) Beng. Cभूºn)
A kind of moth from which an inferior silk, called by the
same name, is manufactured in Asam.
MtoANDUoA, Karn. (ंOGºx०ॐ9x) A measure of capacity
= to about nine bushels.
MU(AB, A. (--*५०) A gift, the thing given.
-Mukab, A. (५-५५-४) A donee, the person to whom any
thing is given.
4U
 MUH
MUHABA, or MUHABAT, A. (५७**, ५-५७-*, from ५--, to
have affection for) Properly, respect, friendship, same as
JMahabbat ः in law, an act by which a man wilfully incurs
an additional charge or loss, as by adding to a stipulated
dower, Selling a thing under, or buying at an over valu
ation ; sometimes done from motives of personal regard,
sometimes with a view to am ultimate advantage.
MUHAFA, H. (A. AG'=*) A sort of palankin, especially one
for women.
MUHAFIZ, H. (A. ki=*) Keeping, guarding ; a keeper, a
guard.
Mahdfi2-i-daftar, (from P._AGe) Keeper of the records,
the mative officer of a court charged with the care of the
public papers.
MUHA KALAT, A. (ं45'~ं) Sale of corn in the ear, payment
of revenue in kind : in law, an exchange of corn, for some
which has been.reaped, considered illegal.
MUHALLAL, A. (O!=*) Lawful, made lawful, that which was
not so before ; as, in law, a woman who, having been di
worced, is married to another man that he may divorce her,
when she may.be legally re-married to her first husband.
JMahallil, A. (Oleं) One who makes lawful that which was
illegal ; a man who marries a divorced woman, that he may
put her away, and so enables her to be married again to
her first husband.
MUHANA, corruptly, MoHANA, H. (S. ७५०), MUHANA, Beng.
(भूश्नं) The mouth of a river, an estuary, the conflux of
two rivers, the place where a branch separates from the
main stream.
MUHAR, or Mu R, corruptly, MoHUR, H. (P.,३०) A seal,
a seal ring', a gold coin of the value, in account, of six
teen rupees.
Maharkand, H. (P. A4%9*ं) A seal engraver, a die-cutter.
MUHARRAM, corruptly, MoHURRUM, H. (A. 9-*) Sacred,
unlawful, prohibited : the first month of the Mohammadan
year, in which it was held unlawful to make war. Among
the Shias this month is held in peculiar veneration, as
being the month in which Hasan, and Hasain, the sons of
Ali, were killed : their deaths are the subject of public
mourning during the first ten days, when fasting and self
denial are also enjoined.
MUHARRIR, corruptly, MoHURRIE, MoHERRIE, MOHRER,
MOHIR, &c. H. (A. );=॰) A clerk, a writer, a scribe.
MU HAsABAH, corruptly, MAHAsEEBA, H. (A. ४५…'se),
Mo.JABA, MosABA, Mar. (मोजबा, मोसबा) Computation, cal
870
MUH
culation, settlement of an account ; an account, a state
ment of expenses.
Mahasib, H. (A. ५~~'=*) An accountant, a calculator,
an auditor or examiner of accounts.
-Mojabeddr, or Mosabeddr, Mar. (मोसवेदार) An accountant,
one who keeps or renders an acconnt.
MD HAZARAT, H.(A. 9-3'ee) Appearing against : in law, suing
or arraigning any one in a court of law ; also, disposing
of expected property, or property in reversion, considered
illegal : a deed or document signed by all parties present.
-Muhdgir-ndma, incorrectly, Maha2er-namah, H. (P. &८७)
A document, certificate, or affidavit, signed by a number of
persons, all of whom are present.
MU HAZIR, H. (A. Ale*) Present, in attendance, in court.
MU Hf L, A. (O५=*) In law, one who transfers a claim made
upon him to another who has consented to be responsible.
MU HKf M, corruptly, MoKEEM, H. (A. /****,
from *-) A
native officer formerly employed in the cloth factories, a
Supervisor of the weavers.
MU HRIM, A. (A9~ं) A prohibitor, an interdictor ; one who
lays himself under certain restraints, or upon whom the
season, as the month of Muharram, or his engagement
as a pilgrim, imposes them ; a relative within the prohi
bited degree of intermarriage.
MUnsAN, MUH:ANAT, A. (J~=*, from 8x4ञ्-॰) Chaste,
continent, especially as a husband or wife : applied in law
to a person, male or female, whom certain Gualifications,
as freedom, sanity, and mature age, entitle to exact or to
undergo the punishment inflicted on adultery.
MUHTAL, A. (Jºs*) A person who accepts the responsibility
of one person for his claim upon another.
-Multtal-alcli, A. (*.Je Jus*) The person who becomes
responsible for a claim made upon, ora debt due by, another.
MUHTARIF, A. (-3,ंe*, from harafat 59-, an art, a pro
fession) An artist.
MUHTARAFA) corruptly, MoHTEREFA, MoHTERPA, Mo
TAHERFA, MoHTURPHA, MOHTURUPA, &c. H. (A.
&ं,**), MOTARAPHA, Tel. (न्७०ॐंग्), MOTARAP ।
PA, Tam. (GLarTंठDrtCLIT), MoHTARAPHA, MHOTA
RAPHA, Mar. (मोहतरमता, म्होतरफा) A tax or taxes levied
on trades and professions, on the artificers of a village or
their implements, as upon the weaver’s loom, upon trades
men and their shops and stalls, and sometimes upon houses :
in some places under the Madras presidency, it is properly
a poll-tax upon artificers, the taxes on shops being termed
 MUH
P4ndari, and those on the profits of trade W{sabadi ; but
the term is used in a general way to designate the seweral
personal taxes abowe mentioned t the designatidh is in a
great measure peculiar to the provinces of the presidencies
of Madras and Bombay, the taxes of a similar nature for
merly lewied in Bengal being included in the general
denomination of Sair.
Ifohtarapha-chā-kulmudr, Mar. (कुलवार, general, universal)
An account kept by the willage accountant of the mechamics
and tradespeople of a village, and the taxes lewiable on each.
MUHTAstfM--BAND-o-BAST,H.७--~~५;e७५ *****ं) A settle
ment officer, an officer of government employed to make a
settlement of the revenue with the different willages and
divisions of a district.
MUHTAsIB, corruptly, MoHTISSUB, H. (A. ५--~.Js-*) A
superintendant of markets and police, an officer appointed
to take cognisance of improper behaviour, as of indecency,
drunkenness, gambling ; also of the sale of intoxicating
drugs and liguors, and false weights and measures.
MUHU RTTA, S. &c. sometimes corrupted, as in GuZ., to M0
RAT (मुहूर्त्ते)
A measure of time, one-thirtieth of a day and
night, or 48 minutes : it is used, though loosely, to sig
nify a lucky hour or time for the celebration of any im
portant or festive ceremonial.
MUJAPHAr-JAMA, Mar. (मुजाफतजमा, from A. ५-७-4०, ap
pendages, annexations) Expenditure on account of presents
by the state to public officers or to foreign powers ः expenses
incurred by one district on account of or to the debit of,
another.
MuJAwAR, H. (A. ),५-*) A servant or Sweeper of a Mo
hammadan temple or shrine.
MUJIBAT, H. (A. pl. of ५--~～-9-०, a motive) Grounds of
appeal as set forth in the pleadings of the appellant.
MurnA, or MuJARA, H. (A. ]-*) Tel. (ं99&्य) Any
authorised deduction, a pension, an allowance.
Jlfigjr4ं, incorrectly, Mujrag/, H. (A. ५.s)**) JMijardi,
Karn. (ॐooegणव्०००) A pension, an allowance,any autho
` rised deduction ः applied under the Mohammadan gowern
ment to an allowance to the Zamindārs of Rangpur for
presents made by them to the chiefs of the hill tribes, to
prevent depredations ः under the British government it im
plies deductions from the revenue on account of allowances
to cultivators or contractors, as an encouragement, or of
assignments or remissions or grants of revenue for cha
ritable purposes.
851
MUK
Majardi kharcha,Karn.(ंGoee CoocoacॐंC)Deductions
from the public revenue for religious orcharitable purposes.
-Mujrdia, incorrectly, Mujura-een, Beng. (पूञ्जनं) Lands
assigned as an allowance, and not subject to revenue.
MUJ RIM, H. (A. A)**) A criminal, a malefactor.
MUTAHID, H. (A. ५*ं) A jurist, a lawyer, a doctor in
|law, the highest authority in Mohammadan jurisprudence :
a spiritual superior or director.
MUKABLLA, H. (A. A५७.०), MokABrLA,Tel. (ब्७Oscºpeणं)
Comparing, confronting, comparison or examination of
rovenue accounts, or of.judicial documents.
MUKADDAM, corruptly, MoKUDDUM, MoCUDDIM, MUGA
DUSr, H. &c. (A. •9ं) Mar. (मुकद्दम), MARADAyr, Uriya
(११११) A chief a leader, one who goes before : in India,
applied especially to the head man of a village or of a caste
or corporation t in the Maratha villages the head man was
usually charged with the realiZation of the revenue and its
payment to the district collector, with the Superintendence
of the cultivation, the management of the affairs of the
willage, and the disbursements of its expenses : he was
also intrusted, to a certain extent, with jurisdiction in dis
putes among the cultivators, and with the police : in Hin
dustan, the Mukaddam has, in some places, become solely
responsible for the public revenue, having been suffered
to assume the character of a petty proprietor, and being
designated as Wilik-mukaddam ; under the former
system the title was not unfreguently given to the village
Zamindārs. In some places the term is applied to the
hereditary occupant of an estate in a willage, immovable
as long as paying a fixed rate to the Zamindār or the
Raja. The Mukaddam-bisicaddr is usually a head man
who holds an entire share of a willage, and sometimes an
entire willage, but in some places he appears to have been
reducedto the state of hereditary cultivator from having beon
part proprietor of the willage, in conseguence of the title
having been appropriated,through ftaud or violence, by some
individual proprietor. In Cuttack, the Mahaddams are re
garded in a similar light, but are divided into two classes,
the Wasktiri-muladdam, who pays direct to government
(the term masktiri, ५. v., having here the reverse ofits usual
meaning),and theZati,or Jati-muladdam,who pays through
an intermediate rewenue payer, or Mal-Gucdr : the title is
sometimes applied to a farmer of several willages. Where the
-Mukaddam only represents the village he is sometimes al
lowed a portion of land, either rent-free or held at a guit
 MUK
rent. Ben. Reg. ix. xii. l805; vii. 1822. In GuZ., a Mu
kddam is commonly the name of a supervisor, especially
ofone employed by a merchant to superintend the landing
or shipment of goods, &c.
J/ukaddam-karj, Mar. (करजः, from Uं,*) A debt due by
a village through its head man or representative.
JMulladdami, I/00/judumee, corruptly, Mocudmg/, lfocud
ding/, H. (*.७-४) Relating to the office, duties, or
rights of a IIMukaddam : dues paid to him by the culti
vators, or, when the rewenue is collected by the state, as
a money allowance to the Mukaddam, it denotes, in the
upper prowinces, a rate of from 5 to I0 per cent. on the
collections : it sometimes appears as a deduction of from
8 to 4 per cent. on the gross collections. A lfukaddam?
settlement is that made with the heads of villages as re
presentatives of the willage proprietors ः a II/ukaddam?
tenure is recognised in some places as a proprietary tenure.
J/ukaddama, H. &c. (A. A.०Aं.०), Beng. Mahaddama, or
JMahaddand (मत्तानां, भूकक्षा), IITakadamd, Mar. (मुक
दमा), Tel. (ंooं) J/ukadamo, or IMukardamo, GuZ.
(शु%ंभः।, शु%२९भी) IBusiness, affair, especially law
affairs, a law.suit.
MUKANrwAN, Mal. (०ac66)96r?)Court) A Brahman of a par
ticular tribe in Malabar, wearing the tuft of hair on the
fore-part of the head.
MUKALLAF, A. (-4%०) A person legally responsible or ac
countable for his actions.
MUKARAZ. A. (Oं,ं-3) The person who, in a contract where
one supplies the stock and the other the labour, is the pro
vider of the stock.
JMukdrie, A. (C9'ं) The agent or manager, the active
partmer in the sort of contract last named.
MUKARRAR, corruptly, MoCURRER, MocURREy, H. (A)ं-e)
Fixed, established, agreed upon ; exact, as a total stipulated
SULIm.
-Mularrar{, H. (A. ८.3),ं-॰) Relating to what is fixed ः as
a revenue term it is applied to a tenure held at a fixed
and permanent rate of rent when payable to a proprietor,
or revenue when payable to the government. Ben. Reg.
viii. l798 ; i. 181छ ; ix. I82छ ; Act i. 1845.
JMaharrar{-d4r, H. (P. )le) The occupant of a farm or
estate paying a fixed and permanent rate of rent or revenue.
JMukarrarā-istimrdri, H. (A.))**~', ५. w) Properly, a
tenure held at a fixed rate of assessment, but applied, in
the upper provinces of Bengal, to tenures of which the
852
MUK
revenue rate is permanent only for the life of the holder.
-Mukarrari.jamd, H. (A. e*+) A fixed and permanent rate
of assessIment.
Mukarrarā-patta, H. (from पट्टा, a lease) A lease for a
definite extent of land at a fixed sum, not liable to any
extra charge.
-Mularrarā-tankhah-rakin{, H. (A. from tankhdh। ४',st *
assignment, and rakma #9 । a written order) The fixed ।
assessment of the revenue in Cuttack.
JDa?’-mukarrar{, H. (P.)9 , in) An estate held under a
holder of land.at a permanent rate.
MURATTA, H.(A. deं) Fixed rate ofassessment. See Waktd.
MUKASIMA, H. (A. AA०५७-४) Dividing : partition of the crop
between the proprietor or cultivator and the state, either
in kind or value.
MUKATABAT, A. (ंGं) Ransom or emancipation of a slave,
effected by his own earnings with his owner’s assent.
-Mulatil, A. (--G४.०, ंG४०) In law, a male or female
slave who has been permitted to work out his or her
emancipation according to a kitdbat, or written covenant.
MUKAwAID, A. (oं) Bound, fettered, in confinement.
MUKHAGNI, S. &c. (मुखाग्नि) Fire put into the mouth of
the dead body at the time of burning (from mukha, the
mouth, and admi, fire),
MUKAwAN, Mal. (ac96)o-lrt) A particular tribe of fishermen
in Malabar.
M UKHASA, corruptly, MOCASSA, MORASSA, MoCASAU, H.
(&०५**, irregularly derived from A. U3*-, to have as one's
own : see Khds),MUKAsA,Tam.(GPGITeºrT), MUKHAsA,
orMokHAsA,Tel. (ंOO*Pग`ऽ',Tव्99aग`॰ट`),MoRAsA,
Mar. (मोकासा) A village or land assigned to an individual
either rent-free or at a low Guit-rent, on condition of ser
vice ; or a village held khds by the state, the revenue being
paid to the government direct; or the share of the govern
ment in a village, or in the revenue paid by it : the term,
as current among the Marathas especially, is somewhat dif
ferently explained by different authorities ः according to
one statement, it was applied to the remaining portion of
the chauth, or fourth of the revenue of tributary countries
after the fourth set apart for the Raja had been deducted ;
from this, again, a further portion, or six per cent. on the
chattth, being set apart for certain officers of the state, the
remainder, termed Ain IWokdsd, or simple assignment,
was distributed amongst the military chiefs in reguital of
their Serwices, According to a different account, the M0
 MUK
hdisd was the remainder of the whole revenue after a fourth
had been set aside ; this remainder, or three-fourths of the
whole, was subject to the deduction of six per cent. upon
it, termed Sahotra, and to two per cent. termed Nargaud;
the former of which was appropriated to the Pant-suchiu,
the latter to the different subordinate functionaries : the
seweral designations were preserved after the lands or wil
lages on which the chauth had been lewied as a tribute
were incorporated with those of the Maratha principality ः
(the term, although supposed to be of Hindustani derivation,
is not familiarly used in Upper India, and is chiefly cur
rent, in its vernacular forms, in the south)
JMukh८sa-, IIMokhasa-, or Mok4sa-ddr, Tel. &c. (from P.
9'e, who has) The holder of a village, or of lands, at a
duit-rent, or rent-free, on condition of serwice : under the
Maratha gowernment the Mohdsa-ddr had much the same
powers as the IIIdmlat-ddr,
Jfokasi, or -sं, Mar. (मोकाशी -सी) The holder of an assign
ment, the farmer of a certain portion of the revenue of a
willage, either on the part of the state or an individual.
kasar-moh48a, Mar. (कशर, from A. Kasar, G- w) An ad
dition to the Mokasa, an enhanced rate of it. ।
MUKHTAR, corruptly, MooKTAR,MUKHTEBAR, MooRTIWAR,
H. (A9७-**), MUKHTwAR, Mar. (मुखत्याग्) An agent, a re
presentative, an attorney ः in Hindustani, the Mukhtdr, as
employed in legal affairs, is not allowed in general to plead;
that is the function of the Wakfl ः amongst the Marathas
the term is also applied to the person appointed by the co
Sharers of a hereditary office to discharge its duties.
Mukhtdr-, or Mukhtydr-ndma, H. &c. (from P. &०७, a
document) A deed appointing a representative or agent, a
power of attorney : a deed executed by the co-sharers of
a hereditary office, delegating its duties to a representative.
JMukhtar{, H., Mukhtydrं, Mar, Agency, representation,
the office or character of a representative.
MUKHTAsAR,corruptly, MOOKTISSU R,MUKHTESSUR, MoOK
TEssoR, H. (A._,4ं**) An abridgement, an abstract ः in
Mangalore the term is applied to a deputy, an agent or
commissioner, also to the head man of a caste entitled to
certain honours and privileges.
"UKHWA, S. &c. (मुख्यं, from मुख, the face) Chief principal, ।
the head cultivator of a village, the manager of an estate,
the leader or principal in any affair.
*fukhyasthan, corruptly, Mahiastem, Mal. (a६_9०a-prt)
The head man of a village : a chief a noble.
858
MUI,
_ MUKfM, erroneously, MoKIM, H. (A. ***e), MURHIM U, Tel.
(ॐooa9ँOO) A broker, an appraiser : an officer whose
duty it was to estimate the value of standing crops.
7lfa|{{mi, H. ( Aं ॰) Brokerage, appraisement, valuation.
MUKIRR, A. Cº-०) One who admits a claim, or confesses a
crime, one who pleads guilty.
Mahirr-balli, A. (_ं,ं) The thing or claim which is
admitted, a crime confessed.
-Mukirr-lakal, A. ७d,ं) The person in whose favoura claim
is admitted.
MUKKAL-PALISA, Mal. (ace6bpeaa-le 0००) A rate of in
terest = three-fourths of ten, or 7! per cent. per annum.
MUKRAMPALU, Tel. (ॐ०० ँ_०.०seo) One-third share of the
gross produce of lands allowed to the cultivators.
MUKKAwAN, Mal. (ac9600o-lrrb) A caste of fishermen, or a
member or it ः in Malabar he is sometimes a slave.
MUKKUsA, Tel (ं99ं2ं७) A measure of capacity, three
fourths of a Ti1m.
MUKSA, Tel. (ंOC%) A measure of capacity, one-sixteenth
of a Khand{.
MUKTASIB, H. (A. ५--~~~) In law, one who makes profit,
a gainer, an acguirer.
MUKTI, S. &c. (मुक्तःि) Liberation, setting free in general, final
liberation of the soul, and exemption from future trans
migration. _
MULA, vernacularly, Mt I, S. &c. (J;० । मूल) Root, lit. or
fig., the root of a tree, the origin of a family : stock or
capital : the authority of a doctrine or faith.
|lfaladhana, or lfalahan, Karn. (ंxग“० ँ ं) Stock,
capital, original wealth or property. _
|lfillagann’,or Millidnn',M ar.(मूळगवि)The original residence
of the founder of a family, the original willage on an estate.
Jl/itlagdr, or Willdr, Karn. (ॐOOTee)7ज्व्ॐ) An owner, an
~~original proprietor, one holding an estate originally through
a loan or mortgage : a lessee, a mortgagee : the original
holder of a perpetual lease.
JMaila//rantha, S. (from ग्रंय, a book) A work of authority,
also a book of genealogies.
IWitlapatra,Mar. (मूठ्ठपच) An original document, not a copy.
। J/milasddhanam, Karn. (ंOGग१०त्)व्)ं७०) An acknow
ledgment given by the principal cultivator to the govern
ment or the landlord : a grant or assignment to an original
occupant or assignee.
2lfilijaini, corruptly, Moolijueng/, Mooljhenng/, Karn.
(ॐ०७५०7 5ं) The tenure of an original occupant, either
4 x
 MUL
of new and previously uncultivated lands, with hereditary
succession, or of a hereditary farm or land at a fixed rate,
corresponding with the tenure of the hereditary non-pro
prietary cultivator of the north-west provinces, and in
defeasible as long as the stipulated rent is paid : a per
petual lease. (In the Gl. āth Rep., Shud-mulguemy is said
to be a tenant by simple purchase, which is no doubt
erroneous ; but what is intended by Shud is not verifiable,
unless it be Suddh, pure, Simple),
-Mul7aini-chiti, Karn. (*९ ं, a document) A permanent
lease, the document conveying it.
Jutagaini-64r, Karn. (ंxग”०7ं8x*२ग्ज्ठं) A hereditary
cultivator, a temant holding a perpetual lease, not re
mowable as long as he pays his rent.
JKraya-mtilijaini, Mal. (from S. क्रयं, purchase) Tenure of
occupancy obtained originally by purchase at a public sale.
JMallpatta, more correctly, Pattayam, Mal. (3e-ia-l5Ga)०)
A lease granted to the purchaser of an estate, constituting
him original or absolute proprietor, with right of trans
mission to his heirs.
Mail-parg0a, corruptly, Moolingurg, Mal. (geao-'ं2, from
S. वगै, a class) Original proprietary right to an estate.
?lfilya, S, &c. (मूल्प) Price, value, wages, hire.
IMulid, Uriya (भूतःि च) A hired labourer.
MULA, Mal. (८a3), MULAI, Tam. ((५००००6rT) A shoot, a
sprout, a young plant first springing from the ground.
MULAHAZA, H. (A. &la~'-3) lit., Looking at; but used as well
as Mukaibila (A५५.० comparison), with the P. shud (A4%,
has been), as JMuldhaga, or Mulabila shud, Seen, examined,
a phrase written by the proper mative officers on public
documents.
MU !.AKA, Mal. (6a3).ce) Black pepper, pepper in general.
Jlfulaha hoti, Mal. (a3.co6)cexpsh) The pepper vine.
lfalahamatissila, Mal. (ंa2.८b2sीg3lea) The pepper de
partment of the monopoly of the Raja of Travancore. | MULI.A, Mal. (6a3).3) A thorn.
MULAM, or MUZHAM, Tam.(GP.५ata), MURAM,Mal. (a५*०) A Mullacallai, Mal. (१६५०-49.30) Thorn money, i.e. the cost
cubit measured from the elbow to the tip of the middlefinger.
Mulahol,Tam.(७०५:G०erT60),lfurahol,Mal.(a ५*6)८8,0ea)
A rod or measure of one cubit.
MULANA, MU LANA, Mar. (मुलना, मुलाना, from the A. IIMau
lana) A Mohammadan lawyer, but usually applied to a
Mohammadan village schoolmaster.
MU I.AWAN, Mal. (6a3).९ourrt) A servile tribe, or individual of
it, the same as the Palayan, or the son of a Palayam.
MUI.AZAMAT, H. (A. ५--94-्) Assiduous service or atten
854
MUL
dance : in law, continued watch ower an insolvent debtor
by his creditors, although he has been discharged by the
4ं4gi, to discover if he possess or acguire any property
that may be applied to the liguidation of his debts.
MULK, MooLK, corruptly, MooLUck, H. (A. J*ं), MULU K,
Beng. (भूनूं), MULUK, Mar. (मुलूक) A kingdom, a prin
cipality, a country.
-Mulk{, H. (A. ७*ं) Relating to a kingdom or a country,
native, domestic, prowincial ; the name of an era current
in Puraniya, the same as the Fasli of Bengal, except that
it commences two months earlier, on the first of Srdipana,
instead of the first of Asmoin.
2fullं-ddalat, H. (A. ५--J'Ae) A provincial court of justice.
-Mulki-dinpani-4ddlat, Mulkiःfaigjd4r4-4ddilat, H. (from
५--Joe, justice) A civil and a criminal prowincial court
established at Benares in I786, for administering justice
to the prowince, exclusive of the city ः these courts were
abolished by Ben. Reg. wii. I795.
-Mulkā-kha24na, H. (P. .. ं]*) The royal or state treasury.
Muligiri H. (P. -9*,'taking), Mar, Afalak-giri (मुलूक
गिरी) Taking possession of a countryor kingdom, exercising
sowereignty t periodical progress or incursion of a military
force for the collection of tribute or revenue by wiolence
or intimidation t occasional peregrination of migratory
dealers or adventurers.
MULLA, H. (A. २) A Mohammadan lawyer or learned man,
a judge, a magistrate, the deputy of a Kagi ; applied also,
in some parts of India, to the village Mohammadan school
master who also has the charge of the willage mosgue,
and sometimes acts as butcher for the Mohammadans of
the willage: he is more usually styled Muldna.
Mull4-kurani, H. (from ७)*, the Kuran) The law officer
of the courts employed to take the oaths of the Moham
madan witnesses on the Kiran.
of keeping up orchards or plantations.
MULTA Kir, A. (aं0 ०) One who finds and brings up a
deserted child, one who finds a treasure.
MULTANIA, Thug. A class of Thugs who are all Moham
madans, and assume the character of Banjaras, trading in
corn, and travelling with their families, but putting most
of their female children to death : they strangle travellers
with their bullock ropes; they are considered among the
ancient Thugs.
 MUL,
MULTAwI, H. (A. ५.*ं) Crooked ः fraudulent ः postponed,
pending. MULTABI, Tel. (ंoo०.८०) Fraud, trick, delay.
IMultaciat, H. (plur of .s;d a) Suits undecided or pending.
MULTAZrM, H. (A. (ं0-्) A tenant or hirer ; a farmer or
collector of tolls or customs.
MULUM U, Tel. (ंooeoँoo) Lands which are cultivated for
various kinds of millet chiefly.
MUMANi, H. (c3LA-3) A husband’s brother’s wife, an aunt.
M0 MIN, H. (A.७९१०) Faithful, orthodox, a believer : in
Gu2erat, a convert to Mohammadanism ः in the Maratha and
Tamil countries atribe of Mohammadan weavers is so styled.
4mār-ul-maimimām, A. The commander of the faithful, a title
adopted by the Khalif Omar, and retained by his successors
in the Khalifat.
MUNABAZAT, A. (ंti-3) lit., Throwing ; a particular custom
in buying and selling, by which a person to whom the
vendor threw his goods was obliged to become the pur
chaser ; considered illegal.
MUNADf, H. (A. .se५०) A public crier ; also the small
drum which he usually beats to call attention.
MUNAsIB, H. (A. ५-~०५-॰) Proper, right, expedient, dis
cretionary.
JMundंibjamd, H. (A. cº-) A reasonable assessment.
MUNAFAT, H. (A. ५-श्ं-3) Gain, profit.
-Mamdphd, Hindi (मुनाफा) The profits of an estate, the nett
rent.
MUNAJ.JIM, H. (A. •= ॰) An astrologer, an astronomer.
MUNAkr D, H. (A. Aं ॰) Bound, engaged by a contract or
cowenant of marriage, &c.
MUNAskHA, H. (A. 4-*“**) A table of partition of inheri
tance according to Mohammadan law.
MUNDA, or, vernacularly, MUND, H. &c. (J.०, मुण्ड) The
head : a head man.-Chuta Nagpur.
MUNDA, S. &c. (मुण्ड) Shaven, shorn, as an ascetic, or, fem.,
a widow.
MUNDA, Mal. (a6`s) The cloth worn round the waist by
natives of both sexes in Malabar.
MUNI)AKAN, Mal. (८a6`scorrt) Wet or irrigated lands.
MUNDAKAM, Mal. (a6`scox०) A rice crop sown in August
and ripe in January.
MUNDAw, Tel. (ं99०ॐ०) A stump, a residue.
MUNDAN, H. &c. (७*२, मुण्डनं) Shaving the head, a core
mony performed on the children of both Mohammadans
and Hindus; the latter commonly, and sometimes the former,
leave a lock of hair on the crown of the head.
855
MUN
MUNipAN, Mal. (१०`snt) The stem of a cocoa-nut tree, from
which tdr ं is extracted.
-Muiidan-kotti, Mal. (a०`srt6\८8-93) A gatherer of the
juice of the cocoa and other palms, or t4r{.
MUNpA-PHoRA, Gua.(यु)० ऽशtsu) A Mohammadan mendicant
in the west of India, who, to extort charity, draws blood
from his own head or other parts of his body.
MUNDBANDf, Mar. (मुण्डबंदी) In the Dakhin, the partition of
the lands of a village among the cultivators, whether pro
prietors or permanent tenants, agreeably to certain pro
portions, and subject to a collective rate of rent, at which
they may be let to cultivators: it corresponds apparently
with the villageZamindārftenureofthenorth-westprovinces.
-Mundpattt, Mar. (मुण्डपट्टी) An extra rate lewied on the
lands of a coparcenary willage (?) (it is probably the same
as the preceding).
Mt NDHA, H. (PAGx०) र्मूढो) Sugar-cane shooting from the
roots of canes cut down in the previous season.
MUNIMANAMAJ)U,Tel. (ॐoo२ंOKॐoॐ७) A male descendant
of the fourth degree, a great grandson.
-Munimanamaralu, Tel, A great granddaughter.
MUNG, or Mtio, H. &c, (e-8,०, मुंग, भूः, S. मुह) A kind
of pulse (Phaseolus mungo) much used by the natives of
India as an article of food.
MUNGUTTIOGE, Karn. (ॐoo०%8.7ं, from mum, former)
Rent or tax on land paid in advance.
MUNI, H. &c. (S. ५*, मुनि) A holy man, an inspired sage.
MUNfB, H. &c. (A. ५-~～~) A master, a principal, one who
employs an agent or representative, a constituent, the native
।superintendant of a mercantile establishment.
2funib-gum/ishta, H. (P. from 43.3५s) A head clerk or
manager of a bank or mercantile establishment.
Munibana, H. (GAA%०) Fee or perguisite of a manager : a
redemption fee paid to the owner of a female slave, for
merly, in Sylhet, upon her marriage to a stranger.
JMumām, Mar. (मुनीम, corruption of manib) " A factor, an
agent, a deputy, a manager.
MUNIGUTTA, (?) Tel. (ॐ००२%ठं.) Illegal collections or
exactions, forestalled rent. (If correct, it is a vernacular
corruption of the A. mand e-०, forbidden)
MUNJ, or MUNJA, S. &c. (a*, मुञ्जा) A kind ofgrass (Sac
charum munja) of the fibres of which the girdle ofa Brah
man should be made : it is also loosely and incorrectly
applied to the Sacrificial thread worn by the Brahman over
one shoulder, and to the ceremony of putting it on, or
 MUN
Upandyam ; the grass grows on sandy soil in the rains, and
is cut for making cord from its fibres.
MUNKAZf, H. (A. . .4x०) Past, elapsed ः arrears of payment.
IMunkagi b6k{, H. (A. Jº५) The balance of revenue of pre
wious or past years, exclusive of that of the current year.
MUNKIR, H. (A. Aं) One who denies : in law, the defen
dant, the respondent.
MUNNAMAN, or MUNNAMAwAN, Mal. (aGro02rrt), a6r०9
2o-"(ct, from munna, three) A third or middle-man, a
surety, an arbitrator.
MUNNILARARAN, Mal. (acrºlea८6,0fort) The head man of
a hamlet or village, a petty officer over a village.
MUNNAMENINELLAM, Mal. (acr०62orm6)rog4०) A field
of rice returning three or four-fold.
M UNNIRIPPA, Mal. (arrºlºg-i) Former balance, what was
in hand,
MtrssHi, H. (A. ७.*4a) A writer, a secretary ; applied by
Europeans usually to teachers or interpreters of Persian
and Hindustani.
MUNSHID, A. (A4.3-०) A person who points to the place where
a thing has been lost ; applied either to the loser or the
finder.-Mohammadan law.
MUNSIF, corruptly, MooNSIFF, H. (A. ५-34.3) Eduttable,
just : a decider of what is just, an arbitrator, a judge :
applied, under the British government, to a native civil
judge of the first or lowest rank, the limit of whose juris
diction in Bengal was gradually raised from suits of the
value of छ0 rupees to that of 800. In Madras a similar
extension of the authority of district Munsifs took place of
from I00 to I000 rupees, the head men of the willages
acting as village Munsifं in suits of trifling amount. At
Bombay the office of Munsif was replaced by that of junior
native commissioner, with a limit of jurisdiction of the value
of5000 rupees; but the title of I/unsif was again resumed.
In some places the Munsif was an officer on the part of
the Zamindār, employed to superintend the measurement
of the lands of a willage in concert with the villagers.
• Ben. Reg. xxiii. I8I4; ii. I82l ; v. I88I. Act wiii. l896 ;
vi. 1848; i. I845. Mad. Reg. iv. wi. I8l6 ; iii. I888.
Bom. Reg. ii. 1827 ; xxiv. I886.
IMunsif-ddr, H. (P. 9le, who has) A Munsf or native
judge (the term is a provincial pleonasm).
Mimsifºkachhari, H. (-9*) The Munsif”s court or office.
Jlfansifºndma, H. (P. &०५) The decree of a native judge or MURATTAB, A. (५--~9-e) Arranged, put in order ; settled, as
arbitrator, an arbitration bond.
876
MUR
MUNTA, Tel. (ॐoo०&3) A grain measure containing three
s6rs and a half
MUNTAKHAB, H. (A. ५-~*ं) A selection, a compendium,
an abstract in general ; also an abstract of the willage ac
counts, shewing in one wiew the fields situated in different
parts of the willage owned or cultivated by the same in
diwidual. In the north-west prowinces it is the detailed
account of the village cultivation, and is synonymous with
JKhataumi, ५. w.
MUPAN, written, also, MooPEN, (?) Mal. A class of agrestic
slaves in Malabar.
Mtj PPAN,Tam. (e५०LLIंौा),Mal. (१3-4rt)An elder, a senior,
the head man of a class or business, one who presides
over ploughmen and shepherds : a head man among the )[।
Mohammadans.
-Miippa-panam, Mal. (2 g-4a-l०००) A premium or present
made to an owner or landlord by the tenant.
Mippukhalacu, Tam. (ह्५०LL-फैe6IT6भ) Dues payable to
the head man of a village : deduction from the revenue
on that account. \[ः
MUPPARA, Mal. (ंa3-4०) A measure of three paras ः a cer \[।
tain amount of tax on land.
Mt RA, Tel (ंxग`ं) A cubit from the elbow to the tip of
the middle finger.
MURA, or MUDA, Mar. (मुडा) A guantity ofgrain ; at Bombay,
twenty-five maunds ; in other places, twenty eight.
Mt RA, Mar. (मूर्खे) A concealed vent through which water
ooZes: looseness of Soil.
MURABAHAT, A. (cº-es)~) Gaining, making a profit ः in
law, legal profit on the sale of any article.
MURABBf, H. (A. ५ं) A patron, a guardian, a manager,
a director, an advocate.
MURAHIK, A. (G*) ०) A youth, an adolescent, one who is
nearly of years of maturity.
MURAI, Tam. ((५००OPpp) Legality, lawfulness ः turn, alter
native, rotation.
Jlfurai-nir, Tam. (GPpयुrर्गुणै) Supply of water for irriga
tion in settled order or rotation.
MU RAM BU, Tam. (GPDrtal-) A Salt-pan, a creek of the sea ः
a heap or hill of stones and gravel.
MURAN, Mar. (मुराणं) Blighted corn ; a field of such corn.
MURATIB, H. (A. ५-G)-०, plur of Martaba, A.S,२) Digni
ties, honours.
an aCCOunt.
 MUR।
IMurattib, A. (C-9-) An arranger, a director.
MURDA, H. (P. se,२) Dead : a dead body.
Murda:farash, H. (U*]*9~, from P..fardsh, a sweeper)
2Murddaphards, Beng. (भू#प्तांग) A man of low caste,
who, amongst other unclean offices, is the remower ofdead
bodies: (the word occurs also, Mairdafarosh,from P..farosh,
who sells),
Murdar, H. (P.)le,०), Mar. (मुरदाड) Impure : a dead body :
in Mohammadan law, the carcase of an animal that has
died a natural death, or has not been killed in the lawful
manner, and is therefore unfit for food.
JMurdarkas, (?) Mar. A cess upon the willage Mahars for
the privilege af appropriating the skins of dead animals.
MURDD'HABH ISHIRTA, corruptly, MooRDAwUSIKHT, S. &c.
(मूडॆभिषिक्तः) A mixed caste, or a member of it, sprung
from a Brahman father and Kshatriya mother, and follow
ing the profession of arms.
MURHEs, Mar. (मुमेहे) Mist ः the hill country on the skirts of MUsALI, Mal. (a००9e-])) A brasier, a easter or melter of
the Sahyādri range, from its being commonly in a mist.
MURf, or MUpf, Beng. (भूठी) Parched rice.
MURf, corruptly, MooRv, Tam. (७०pl), Mal. (ac)) A leaf,
' a written bond, a receipt, a bond given with the sale of
a slave; any written relinguishment of property.
JMuri-pampu, (?)Tel. Relinguishment ofland or property
in fawour of another.
Murippattaiyam, Mur-sddamam, Tam. (G५०ghLL-n---
०००-u-"th, ७०plerrgप्रta) A promise or agreement in
writing ः a bill of sale of a slave.
Jlfuriyan, Tam. (GPplu-dठै)ि A slave.
MURI, Mal. (aG)) A division of a village.
|lfurikaram, Mal. (acºle96\port) A villager, one living in
a division of a village.
MURfD, H. (A. Ag, ॰) A disciple, a scholar.
Mt Rrं, (A. ५*-2xe) The person from whom am inheritance
is derived, whether in the descending or ascending line.
Mtj RA5. inheritance : an heir.
Mi4ris-ddli, A. (A'e-9x०) A remote progenitor.
MURsHID, H.(A.A49-॰) A religious instructor,a spiritual guide.
MURTADD, A. ($,०) A renegade, an apostate, one whohas
seceded from the Mohammadan religion, and is conse
quently an outlaw.
MURTAHIN, A. (७ं) One who takes any thing in pledge,
a pawmbroker, a mortgagee.
Mus, Hindi (मुस) Land along the high banks of rivers.
Puraniya.
857
MUS
MtsA, or MUwAssA, A. (J****, '*) Commanded or
devised by will.
-Mi484-bahi, A. (Aः, with respect to i/, the thing) A legacy,
a beguest.
JMit86-lahu,A. (ं , with respect to him, the person) Alegatee.
Miं, or Munassi, A. (.***) A testator.
JMatsiat, A. (ं-2;०) A testatrix.
MUSAFIR, H. 9५~3) A traveller.
JMustifir hhdna, H. (P. AG5-, a house) An inn, asardi, a
place for the accommodation of travellers.
MUsAHIP, H. (A. ५--~-५a०) A companion, an associate,
an aide-de-camp.
MUsAJ.JAL, H. (A. Us“-*) Proved, authenticated by a judge.
MUSAL, H. (S. J.७०, मुसल) A pestle, especially a large
wooden pestle used for beating grain in a mortar to free
it from the husk.
MusALAHAr, H. (A. 3-'-2a) Compromise, reconciliation.
metals.
MUSAMMAT, MoosUMMAT, corruptly,MUssoMAT, MUssUMAT,
H. (c“-७.~०, from A. JA*~० musammd, the named) A
title prefixed in Hindustan to the names of respectable
women in public documents and judicial proceedings.
MUsANDA, MusANDA, Mar. (मुर्सडा, मुखॉडा) A torrent; figः,
the rush of a crowd.
MUSAR, (?) H. A tribe in Bahar from whom bond-slaves are
derived.
Musār-khor, Mar. (मुशाखोर) A hired servant.
MUSHAA, A. ('श्-*-॰) Mixed as common property, so that the
shares cannot be distinguished.
MUSHAHARA, corruptly, MoosHAIRA,MosHAIRA,MusHAIRA,
H. (A. 9*५*.3), MU5ARA, MUsAHIRA, Mar. (मुशारा, मुशा
fह्रा) Monthlyor other periodical pay or allowance; settling
or hiring by the month. In Bengal, a monthly allowance
granted to revenue payers and Zamindars for collecting the
revenue; also a monthly allowance paid to Zamindārs from
the proceeds of their estates when deprived of the manage
ment of them on their own behalf Amongst the Marathas,a
money allowance from the state to the P4ttland Chaughala.
-Mushdhara-kulkarnam, Tel. (?) An allowance granted to
the willage accountant in the south of India.
MUsHA KHAs, or MusHARHAsi, H. &c. (A. ०~***,.~***)
MUSAKKAs, MusAkkAsi, IBeng. (भूजङ्घज, पूजह्नी) Ascer
tained, stipulated: applied to lands or districts for which
a settlement of the rewenue has been made : it is also
4 w
 MUS
applied to subordinate tenures for which the holders engage
to pay a fixed rent annually upon the whole lot.
JMashakhasi.jamd, H. (A. e*+) Stipulated revenue, net
amount of the revenue.
MUSHARIK, H. (A- ५49५~ं) A partner, an associate.
JMushdrikat, H. (A. ५-%५*ं) Partnership.
MUsHRIF, H. (A. ५-')~ं) An examiner, an inspector, an
officer of the treasury who authenticates accounts and do
cumentS.
MUSHRI K, H. (A. G,*-3) The east.
MusHRIK, H. (A. ५--JA.) An idolater, a polytheist, one
who gives an associate to the one God, hence applied by
the Mohammadans to Christians.
MUsHT, or MUSHयूf, H. &c. (cº~~, , *ं), also MUTH,
and Mur Hi, (.े२, ७*॥ मुट्टी, from the S. मुष्टि) The fist
closed, a handful of any thing, a hand's breadth, a mea
Sure edual to four fingers.
JMuslatigdr, Karn. (ॐoo3).7ज्व्ं) A man of a tribe in My
sore calling themselves Kshatriyas, and following agricul
ture, but in some respects resembling the Jettis or boxers.
JMuthliyd, Hindi (मुठलीया) Taking the first handful ofseed
to be sown.
JMuthi, H. (मुठी) A handful, a bunch.
MUsHTARi, H. (A. ५.9*ं) A buyer, a purchaser, a buyer
of land sold for arrears of revenue.
MUSLIM, H. &c. (A. #'~~०) A beliewer, applied especially to
a Mohammadan : one who believes in the true faith.
JMusalmdm, H. (A. ७५५~~) from #'~~ं) A believer, a Mo
hammadan.
MIUSLIM, A. (A~ं) Advanced, paid beforehand, as the price
of an article to be subseguently delivered.
-Muslin-fili, A. (As, on it) The goods on which the ad
vance is paid.
-Muslim-4lehi, A. (ंAe , to him) The seller to whom the
advance is paid in the kind of sale called Salam, or Silim.
Mt SSAT, also written MUSSAD, and MUNSAD, Mal. (98ं७(o)
An inferior tribe of Brahmans, or a member of it, in
Malabar, said to be descended from those for whom Para
।surfima recovered the province from the sea.
MUSTA, vernacularly, MUTHA, S. &c. (मुस्त, मुया) A kind of
grass with bulbous roots growing abundantly on rich cul
tivated lands, andhard to be extirpated (Cyperus rotundus).
MUSTABiN, A. (७*:ं॰~ं) Become evident ; but used as a
technical term in Mohammadan law in combination with
other words, as
858
MUT
JMustabim-marsitm, (from A. •;”9-्) A regular deed or con
tract, one executed in the proper legal forms.
-Mustabin-ghair-marsim, (A. /**9-9*) A partially irre
gular deed, one deficient in some formalities, and not ad
mitted as legal evidence, but as intimation of the intention
of the executer.
Ghair-mustabin, A contract or deed wholly irregular and
invalid.
MUSTADAt, H. (A. _•***~~ं) A petitioner, a Suitor.
MUSTAGHiं, H. (A. ५~ं.~०) A complainant, a plaintiffः
MUSTAJr R, H. (A. )-5~०), MUSTAJARI, MUsTAJARU, Tel.
(ॐOOGःage, ॐOOsटंॐC) A farmer, a renter, one who
holds lands under a proprietor at a stipulated rate ; also a
farmer of revenue appointed to make the collections on
the part of a Zamindar or proprietor, on condition of pay
ing a fixed sum.
-Mustdjiri H. (.9-5~e) Renting, farming, holding in
farm, settlement in farm.
MusTAKBAL, Tel. (A. ं99ंॐ.ॐ99) Part ofthe public reve
nue paid before it is due (the word, which ordinarily means
future, is peculiar, in this sense, to the Northern Sirkars
apparently) : it is said also to be used in the sense of
illegal exactions.
MUSTARAD, H. (A. 9,ं॰) lit., Returned, restored : as a law
term, it signifies reversing the decision of a lower court
upon an appeal.
MUSTAMiN, A. (J2-०0.~०) lit., One who seeks protection ः
applied, in law, to a stranger and person of a different
religion residing in a Mohammadan state under the protec
tion of the authorities.
MUSTAUPi, corruptly, MUSToFw, H. (A. A;.~॰) Paying
or receiving in full (a debt) : an examiner or auditor of
accounts ; the principal officer of the department in which,
under the Mohammadan government, the accounts of ex
collectors or farmers of the revenue were examined.
JMustatgfi-gart, H. (-9*J**~~) The duty of an accountant
or auditor.
MUSTAwIR, A. 9**~ं) The borrower of a thing which he
is to return. See Ariyat.
MUT, Beng. &c. (ं, S. मुस्तक) A sort of grass (Cyperus ro
tundus) : a wild leguminous plant (Phaseolus aconitifolius).
MUTABl K, H. (A. Jः'se)
In conformity, or according to.
-Mutdbik-i-sanad, H. (A. AC.) Agreeably to a grant or title.
JMutdbik-i-tdrikh, H. (A-श्9५) According to the date or aera.
MUTABANNA, H. A. Jं) Adopted (as a son).
 MUT MUT

|lfutabammagi, H. (A. P. ५*२) Adoption. Mutalpattika, Mal. (afnā-13lcos) An account of property,

MUTAFARRIKAT, H. (A. plur. of G,ं) Separate, scattered, stock, or principal.
miscellaneous : the several items of an account : separate Mutalpera, Mal. (afn6॥३-(o) The head subordinate officer

and scattered portions of land included in a willage or or peom at a police station.

estate. "
-lfutalpitti, Mal, (a(moba-ms) The office of a treasurer.
MUTAFFIK, H. (A. A5ं ॰) An accomplice, an associate. Jlfutalpitti kāram, Mal. (arnfoba-mslabptort) A treasurer,
MUTAHID, corruptly, Mutahed, Muthaahed, H. (A. A4-4०) a cashkeeper.
A farmer, a contractor, one who enters into an engage MUTALr K, H. (G*ं) Dependent, connected with, depen
ment for the revenue of a tract of land. dent upon ः adependant, a servant ः in Maratht (मुतालिक) it
JMutdhaid, H. (e;ं) An engagement or contract for the was applied, under the Peshwa's govermment, to the deputy
revenue of a district. of any person holding a hereditary office, acting for him
lfutahad-ddr, H. (P. 9le) A contractor or farmer of rewenue in his absence, and allowed to use his seal : the deputy or
MUTAH, H. (A. &ं ॰) A temporary marriage, according to agent of a Despdridya.
Shid law. JMatdlak4, or Mutalaki,Mar. (A. मुतालका -की) Deputyship,
MUTAHIL, A. (Osta) A married man, a man who has a wife. the office of a deputy.
MUTAKADDIM, H. (A. •ं) Ancient, old : in Moham Mutdlikdn, H. (plur. of J***०) Dependants, Servants ः in
madan law, Such an interval between the commission of the Northern Sirkars, daily allowances to the families of
a crime and evidence in proof ofit, as to bar the infliction public servants.
of punishment. "* MUTASADDf, corruptly, MooTSUDDw, MUTsEDDw, MUTTA
MUTA KAFFl L,corruptly,MooTEcoPHIL, H.(A.c)ं ॰) Becom SEDDEE, H. (A. .*~~) A writer, a clerk.
ing surety ; also the person, a bail, a surety: said also to MUTAwALLI, corruptly, MooTwALLEE, MoroowULLEE, and
signify an auditor of the accounts of the subordinate offices MUTwALLEE, H. (A.J;-3) A person appointed to the care
before sending them to the treasury. and management of a religious building and endowment.
MUTA KHAsIM, H. (A. ~'stं) An opponent, an adwersary, a MUTAwIN, H. (Jं ॰) Appointed ; a deputy, an agent.
litigant. Matahhasimin (A. du) Plaintiff and defendant -Mutdyyana, corruptly, Mottanieh, H. (A. Aं ०) A station,
MUTAL, incorrectly, MUTLA, Mal. (afo(ct) Principal, capital, a military or militia post, one of Sibandi or provincial
stock, money, property, original estate, ancestral or landed troops.
property. MUTHAN, Mar. (मुठाणं) A gang', a band.
JMatal4lam, Mal. (a(Dea22.rrt) A proprietor ofland or any MUTH-THA, also read MUTTHA, and, incorrectly, MUTAH, or
other property. MoorAH,Tel.,Karn.(ंooछ्') The subdivision of a district:
Matal4!i, Mal. (a(Dea92]) A proprietor, a capitalist, a in the Northern Sirkars, a large estate, including several
*् ॰ भ'
principal merchant. willages, and corresponding with a Zamindārt in Hindustan.
JMa८talagakdsam, Mal. (a(ºneao-le86)2०००) Inheritance, -Mutluthaddr, commonly, Mootahddr, corruptly, Motahddr,
right to property. _ |lfutteeddr, Tel. (o*ं, P.)le) The holder of a Maththa,
JMutalacakds{, Mal.(a(Oneao-le96)?०āl) An heir, an heiress. a landholder, a Zamindar : it is said to be sometimes ap
|lfatalchilaca, Mal. (ंa(Ondba-neao-I) Receipts and dis plied to the Patil, or head man of a willage.
bursements. JMuththaddri, IMuthaddr?, or Mootaluddrं, Tel. The te
Mutale-duppa, Mal. (afoene-isg–() Revenue, income, profit. nure or office of a Muthaddr.
JMutalkdr)/yam, Mal. (a()(ठbe9,9ct)०) Property in money, JMuththamudri, IMutthamudr{, or Mootamudri, Tel. Settle
jewels, &c. ment of revenue, or assessment by Mutthds, or subdivisions
Mutalpalisa, Mal. (a(O(ota-lem००) Principal and interest. of a district.

Jlfatalpatta, Mal. (afo6-4००) Office of head man of the MUTLAk, H. (A. Gla-्) Absolute, principal.
low caste termed Chagom. -Mutlak-caktl, or, more correctly, Wakil-ā-mutlak, H. (A.
|lfutalpatta haran,Mal. (afng-4०००96)fort) Theheadman c}*) An agent furnished with full and absolute powers.
of the Chagom tribe. Mutlak-cakalat-ndma, H. (A. P. *aGo--J9) A full power :
859
 MUT
a document conveying absolute authority to an agent or
representative.
MUTRI, MooTRy, MooTEREE, (?) H. The designation of a
tenure in the Benares district by which a tenant held dif
ferent kinds of land, and cultivated warious crops at one
fixed rate of money rent to the Zamindār.
MUTTAIDE, Kal n. (ंoce.bं) A woman whose husband is
living.
MUTTAJ.JA, Karn. (ंoo3.ं) A great grandfather.
IMuttajji, Karn. A great grandmother.
MUTTIRAcHAwADU, orMUTTIRAJU,Tel.( ॐoo9. प्ठंऽ॰णंC)
A caste, or an individual belonging to itः one of the Te
lugu subdivisions of the S4dras.
MUTTAsIL, H. (A J4ं ॰) Contiguous, adjacent, bounding
(as fields or villages).
MUTTUwALI, Karm. (ंooं७ॐ१?) Cost, expense.
MUTUMHAT,Beng. (ंबशऊँ A Short cubit, one measured with
the fist closed. "
MUwAJ.JAL, corruptly, MUwAZIL, H. (A. 9-9-॰) Deferred,
as payment, applied to a dower, payment of which is de
marriage : the opposite of Muajjil, g. v.
ferred till after
MUwAKKAL, H. (A. Uं) A guardian, a trustee. MU wAK
KIL, A constituent, one who appoints a deputy or repre
sentative. * NACH, H.
MUwAKKAT, A. (e-G9-3) Fixed to a stipulated or certain time.
MUwALLAD, H. (A. odye) lit., Begotten t applied in Hin
dustan to an Arab born in the country, whether of whole
or half blood.
MUwAZAT, A. (c~~~3bं) A sale by which loss is incurred. grass.
MUwAZZAF, H. (A. ५-189-) Fixed, limited, allowedः a fixed NACHNA, or NACHxi, * as commonly written, NACHENNw,
pay or pension : as a revenue term it means the rent or
revenue assessed at a fixed rate on a certain guantity ofland.
Jlfurcaंafa-r4tiba, H. (A. AAG), a salary) A fixed salary,
pension, or contribution ; fixed imposts collected by the go
vernment at stated periods.
MUwDHoNDA, Mar. (मुयधोडा) A stone fixed to mark the
boundary of a willage.
MUZABANAT, A. (*५}}ं) Sale of corm or fruit, &c. without
weight or measure, as it stands in the field or hangs on
the tree, or the like : considered illegal.
MUZAHARAT, A. (ं,*'a०) A formula of divorce, in which a
man declares his wife indifferent to him. See 2iha?’.
MUZAHIM, H. (A.P-];०) Hindering, obstructing, a hindrance.
JMa2dhim-ddr, H. (P.)le, who has) One whose rights or
possessions are incidentally encroached upon.
800
NAD
MUZAKKf, A. ५.*२) In law, a purgator of witnesses, one
who testifies the credibility or competency of a witness.
MUZARABAr, A. (ं,५4०) Aco-partnership of stock and labour,
where one party finds capital, the other management, and
the profits are diwided between them.
Mugdrib, A. (-9५4॰) A factor, a manager, the partner that
conducts the business as his Share of the principal.
MugārR, H. (A. J*ं) A claimant, a prosecutor.
JMughir-alahi, H. (A. &.J),ॐ०) A defondant, one com
plaimed against. _
MwAL, Mal. (gpob) ILand on which rice plants are sown
thickly for the purpose of transplanting : land watered
by rain.
N.
NABALIGH, H. (P. ५, not ; A. 8५, mature) An infant, a
minor.
Nabalighi, H. (AंJ५५) Minority, nonage.
NABUD, H. (P. ७, not, e}:, was) Non-existence : in Bengal,
a head of account under which remissions of rewenue were
formerly registered.
NABfRA, H. (P. 9.}ं) A grandson, a son's son.
Nabirं, H. (P. .9.५े) A granddaughter.
(व' ं, from S. नाल्य mdtya, dancing) Dance, dancing,
acting.
NACHCHI-Koगृ"U, Tel. (७ं” ं) The drug Cocculus In
dicus, also read Nanji-kottu.
NACHCHU, Tel. (ं9) Waste land overrun with knot
..
ं7ं
$,Tam.(rप्;डै्ठीठण))
नावणौ), NA
&c. Mar.(नाषणा,
A nameordinarily
given by Europeans to the Eleusine corocana, or Cynosu
rus corocanus, which is extensively cultivated for its grain,
in the south of India chiefly, although not unknown in
Bengal t the plant is not known in general by this name,
which seems to have originated with Rumphius, who, speak
ing of the introduction of its seeds from Ceylon into Am
boyna, calls it Naatsjoni, pronounced, he says, in India,
Naachami: the Hindustani name is Rigi, vulgarly, Jaa///:
it is called Chollu in Telugu, and, according to van
Rheede, Jettipulugu in Tam.
NADA, vernacularly, NAD, or NUD, S. &c. (AG, नद्) A river,
one of which the personification is male, as the Sindhu,
or Indus,
 NAD
AWadam, Tam., Mal. (S. प्रgta, CO3०) A river, one flowing | NADf, or NARf, Beng. (मजी) A caste, or individual of it,
from east to west.
[Wadi, corruptly, Nudd/, S. &c. (.४AG, नदी) A river, one
of which the personation is female, as Gang#, or the
Ganges : in the south of India it implies also a river run
ning from west to east.
Nadi-ndtraha-palamu, Tel.(७०ॐणं”’०ॐ००) A
field that is irrigated from a river adjacent.
Nadanircari,Tam.(प्,ंठंघै6uP) A tax levied in the dry
districts of Trichinapali on lands watered by channels from
rivers or water-courses.
Wadabhari, Karn. (ॐंग्छ२) A well with steps.
NADA, Beng. (मii) Dung of sheep or goats, a pellet ofdung.
NADA, or NARA, Mar. (नाडT) A cord, a rope, especially the
rope of a draw-well, drag-rope of carts, &c. : a coloured
and twisted band worn at the Muharram, by Mohamma
dans, round their wrists ; the tie of trowsers or petticoats,
the rope or pole of rope-dancers, &c.
IWadebahuritp:, Mar. (नाडेबहुरूपी) A rope or pole-dancer.
NADALi, H. (Aet) A stone inscribed with words from the
Kurān, and hung as a preserving amulet round children's
necks.
NADANf, or NApNf, Mar. (नडणी) Clearing a field of grass
or weeds.
NADAn, H. &c. (P.)log), Mar. (नादार), Tel. (त्ऽश्व्ग्”ं9)
Having nothing, indigent, bankrupt, insolvent.
Naid4r{, H. &c. (.9leg) Poverty, insolvency.
Naddr-mundsib, Karn. (from A. ५~~५०) fit or proper) An
item of remission of revenue in Mysore, on account of the
poverty of the cultivators.
NApAvAn, Karn. (त्यव्ॐयव्d) An agricultural hill tribe,
who pretend to be pure Sudras.-Mysore.
NADAwARAwA, Mal. (COso-lfoo-l, from mada, a temple) The
income of a , religious establishment.
NADAwA-sANADU, Tel. (ञ्ण्व्०ि००ण``०ॐO) A release, a dis
chargeinfull,an acguittance from all demands (from A.8xle),
NADAw U, Tam. (प्र'-6भ) Planting, transplanting.
Nadacumatt6rfilai, Tam. (pठ-6भpt-6-Drrrºo) An ac
count particulars of transplanting.
Wadagu-payir, Tam. (प्र-6भtit-lu-ौघै) Corn in the field
newly transplanted.
Nada-alugu, corruptly, Nada-fooolungor, Tam. (?) Annual
account of the cultiwation.
NADDAF, H. (A. ५-Gl3ं) A cotton cleaner.
NADH, Thug. A willage.
861
NAF'
who make ornaments of ldk for Mohammadan women.
NADrcHIL, Mal. (Cosh24lob) Transplanting, a young plant
to be transplanted.
Nadila, Mal. (Coslea) Planting, transplanting.
NAproA, Karn. (७०x) A petty chiefः
NADIGE, Karn. (७०7ं) A leasehold tenure, under which।
half the gross produce is the landlord’s share.
NADU, commonly, NAD, corruptly, NAAD, NAUD, or NAUR,
Karn.,Tel. (जव्ॐO) A prowince, a district, a division of a
country ; a country, a kingdom. (The word occurs also
in Tamil and Malayalam written with the ceberal t, though
pronounced vernacularly Wdd, and Waidu : in their deri
vatives, however, the t, single or doubled, is retained. See,
therefore, Natu, Natt, &c.
Nadina, Karn. (जव्)०७) Of or belonging to a country.
-Waidima-marj/dde, Karn. (णव्०:ॐ००व्)8ं) Custom of the
country.
-Wddugauda, corruptly, IWatgamod, Karn. (ज्ञ&ऽ7रव्%) The
head man of a district, like the JDesmukh.
-W4du-86ndibhoga, Karn.(ज्व्ॐऽळव्) ज्व्ं-७x) The account
ant of a district.
2Wddu-talacdru, Karn. (यव्ॐ०षॆ०व्व्)ं9) The assistant of
the head of a district.
NAPA, H. (A. eं) NAPHA, Mar. (नफा) Gain, profit, advantage.
-Wafti-nuksdn, H. (A. ७५4ंeं) Profit and loss.
NAFAKA, or NAFISA, H. &c. (Aं) Necessary means of sub
sistence, Supply of food, clothes, and lodging, which, in
law, is obligatory upon certain relations, or the support of a
wife by her husband, of a child by its parent, of a needy pa
rent by its child, and of relatives and dependants in general.
NAFI, less correctly, NUFIL, H. (A. ८)ं) Any voluntary
religious act, one not enjoined by the law.
NAFR, H. (A.)ं), NAPHARU, Tel. (ॐं9), NAPAn, Tam.
(प्र-JD) A man, anindividual, aperson ; also, in Mar. (नफर)
A low menial serwant, a groom ; and a term used in count
ing camels, as, Unt maphar ddha, ten head ofcamels: in the
west of Bengal, a slave who, and his offspring', are slaves
for ever, and are transferable and saleable. In Puraniya,
the Nafar is usually a domestic slave, but it also some
times denotes an agricultural one.
JWapltargatijd,Tel. (Kऽँ36xं97त्प्) Individually,man by man.
IWapharugati-plaisald,Tel. (ॐॐoxठै5७०OO७eणं) Settle
ment of the rewenue with individual cultivators : a Ryotwarf
aSSesSment. "
4 Z
 NAF
Napharjaminu, Tel., Napar.jdmin, Tam. (from A. …,८.3)
A security for a person, bail or surety for appearance. See
JHagirgdmin.
NAFi, A. (Jं) lit, Prohibiting, rejecting ः in law, the for
mal denial of his paternity to a child born of his wife by
a husband : rejection or abandonment of a child.
NAFs-UL-HAL, H. (from the A. U~ं , the soul) The essence
or pith of an affair, the real merits of a case.
NAG, or NUG, (?) Mar. A measure of weight for cotton = 8
maumds of 24lb. each, or two and a half to a khandi
of 480 lb.
NAGA, vernacularly, NAG, S. &c. (S. e-ॐ , नाग) A snake, a
serpent deity, or a class of snake gods inhabiting Patāla,
the regions under the earth.
Natājpancham{, S. &c. (नागपच्चमी) The fifth lunar day of
the month Srduama (July-August), in which the N6gas
or serpent deities are worshippedः in the south of India
offerings are made to snakes, milk, grain, and other articles
being taken to the holes in which they live.
NAGA, H. &c. (ss) A class of Hindu mendicants who go
naked and carry arms, and who form sometimes mercenary
bands in the service of Indian princes : a name given to
various barbarous tribes inhabiting the hills along the
southern borders of Asam.
NAGAI.A, Karn. (यथ*१) A measure of grain egual to four
marak/tls, G. w.
NAGALi, Tel. (ं%9) A nlough.
Naijalikarru, Tel. (७x0ं) A ploughshare.
NAGAN, (?) Mar. A contribution from the most opulent in
habitants of a town or village to defray any heavy exaction
either of the state or an enemy.
NAGAR, NUGUR, corruptly, NUGo UR, H. &c. 9ं , S.Nagara
नगर) A town, a city : in compounds it is also sometimes
changed barbarously to Wagore, as Wardha-nagar be
comes Barmagore.
Viddara, vernacularly, IWat//ar, S. &c. (A७ , नागरं) Relating
or belonging to, or originating with, a town ; hence a dis
solute or knavish person, one town bred : it is the name,
also, of a tribe of GuZeratf Brahmans.
Nºf./arf, H. &c. (fem. of Nagara) Relating to a town or
city : applied especially to the alphabet of the Sanskrit
language, and its modifications in Hindi, Marathi, &c.,
sometimes with Dera-divine prefixed, as, D6candjarā.
N///ar,(?)H. A large heavy plough.-Bundelkhand. (? Wdm
{1ar, for /,dngal, S. a plough).
862
NAI
Nagar-kaul, (?) Tel. Plough tenure, land held at an as
sessment per plough, usually for three or four years, for dry
grain cultivation only--Northern Sirkars.
NAGARA, Karn. (जव्97(6) A snake, a cobra capella.
Nagarachacuti, or chauti, Karn. (ल्यव्x6aं,&,-्वं)
The fourth lumar day of the ninth Hindu month, when the
king of the snake gods, Seshd, or Watsuki, is worshipped.
Naajacalli, corruptly, Nagole, Tel., Karn. (ज्व्x32) The
betel-wine, also the leaf which, with the areka nut and
other things rolled up in it, is presented to guests on their
arrival and departure: hence it has come to mean beginning
and termination : it is also applied, in the south of India,
to the concluding ceremony of a marriage, which usually
takes place on the fifth day, when presents of betel and other
articles are interchanged between the new-married couple
and their relatives and friends, and the guests are dismissed.
NAGAURA, H. (;४७) A large and handsome breed of horned
cattle, native in Gu2erat.
NAGironi, Gusः (ºtuधta) A tribe of Mohammadans in
GuZerat, usually employedin driving carts and keeping cattle.
NAG HU, Thug. A body of soldiers.
NAGSANT, H. &c. (नागसंत) The head and hood of a snake,
the crest and signature of the Raja of Chota Nagpur.
South-west frontier.
NAGU, Tel. (त्ऽष्ट7C) Interest paid in grain on account of
grain lent.
NAHA K, H. (A. J-५) Improperly, unjustly, wrong, untrue.
NAHAK,Uriya (१|६|६) A Nati/, see Ndyak ः a schoolmaster.
NAHfA, H. (A. &2-9) A tract, a territory, a guarter, a coast.
NAF R, H. &c. (A. ुं) A stream, a water-course, a river.
NAIB, H. &c. (A. ५-५५) A deputy, a representative, a lieu
tenant, a viceroy, a sub- or deputy-collector.
IWatil)-dingdm, H. (A.७*e) Thedeputy treasurer oraccountant.
Naib-hdgi, H. (A. ७-3G) The deputy of the Iऽ{tgf.
IWaib-hdnum//0, H. &c. The deputy of the willage or dis
trict accountant and registrar.
Naill-nd:im, H. (A. /*५ ५-५9) A deputy governor and
administrator of justice : an officer nominally under the
Nawab of Bengal, but appointed by the British authority
to superintend the administration of criminal justice : the
plan was adopted in l7छैछे, but the office was abolished, and
courts of circuit were substituted in I790.
-Vaib-subaliddr, H. The deputy governor of the Subah or
province.
-Mamodl), corruptly, Nurraul), and Walob, H. &c. (A. ५-'*.
 NAI
plur. of Naib, but used honorifically in the singular) A
viceroy or gowernor of a prowince under the Moghul go
vernment, whence it became a mere title of any man of
high rank, upon whom it was conferred without any office
being attached to it.
Nidbat, H. (A. ५-५५d) Deputyship, vicegerency : the office
of a Ndib, or Wamudib.
NAIKAN, (?) A class of slaves in Karnata.
NAJAf, H. (P. .s५-9) Deficiency in produce, a tax formerly
assessed in Bengal upon the cultivators present, to make up
for any deficiency arising from the death or disappearance
of their neighbours.
W4jd11-taidhud, H. (P. A. A-G.४५-७) An extra cess or
J/alatot, formerly levied from the Zaminditrs in Bengal
on the plea of providing against prospective deficiencies
in the revenue by some of them, or of the farmers failing
to fulfil their engagements.
AWdidil hana,Uriya (१|१|२R६१॥l) Irrecoverable (as arrears). | NAKARi, NARARIA, Gu2. (॰t#{\, ॰t%{\श्"tu) Free from tax,
NAJAIZ, H. (A. Ja५-७) Illegal, informal, unauthentic, not
current.
NAriP, H. (A. ५-५s) Noble, either by birth or conduct,
bnt the term was applied to a body of irregular infantry
under the native government; some corps were retained
chiefly as a kind of militia, under the British government,
for a time, but the designation appears to have become
obsolete. _"
NAJ.JAR, H. A. (,५x) A carpenter.
NAJKARf, Beng. (मञ्जिदर्शनी) Grain crop or cultivation, as
distinguished from garden cultivation (probably a verna
cular corruption of H. andj श्e", grain).
NAJM, H. (A. FF) A star, a constellation : astrology ः a
horoscope.
Najainai, H. (A. C***) An astrologer.
NAJSH, A. (U*न्तः) Bidding for articles on sale without in
tending to purchase them, for the sake of enhancing their
price, held to be illegal.
NA KA, H. (४७), NARA, or NA KEN,Mar. (नाका, नाकं), NAkr,
GuZ. (वtt%) The extremity of a road, also a point where
two roads meet ; hence the site of a toll or custom station,
where transit duties or customs are lewied ; also, some
times, the duties or customs so levied ः it is sometimes
applied to a subordinate police-station.
AWikibandi, H. (.sA५४b) Collections on account of land
customs and transit duties ; also, shutting up a road.
AWikebandi, Mar., (नाके बन्दी) Shutting up a road or avenue.
808
NAK
Walieddr, Mar, Gu2. (नीकेदारं) A receiver of customs or
transit duties, a toll gatherer.
NA KA, or NA KARI, Thug. SneeZing, a bad omen at setting
Out- _
NAkARA, H. (A. 9'ं) A kettle.drum, the use of which was
restricted to persons of high rank, as a mark of state.
Waldrakhand, corruptly, Nakkarconnah, H. (P. AG5-, a
house) The chamber where the state drums were struck
from time to time, usually an open alcove ower the main
entrance or gateway.
NAKAR, Mar. (नकार) Refusing,disallowing: rejection ofa draft
or bill, or a writing on the face ofit intimating its rejection.
Nakardi, Mar. (नकाणाई) The forfeit or money paid upon
a bill that has been dishonoured.
NAKARA, or NA KARi, H. &c. (४,४ं, ८.s)४G, नाकारा, नाकारी)
NAKARA, Karn. (यव्ठाळ6) Incompetent, unfit, disguali
। fied, useless, worthless.
land, &c. (from the S. kara, tax).
NA K B, corruptly, NUCCUB, H. (A. ५--~ं) An excavation, a
breach : breaking or digging through a wall.
Nakb2am, H. (P. J;, who strikes) A burglar.
-Vakb2an1, corruptly, Nuccubsamie, H. (P. `* striking)
Burglary, breaking, or rather digging through a wall,
the native houses being very generally constructed of
sun-dried clay or unburnt bricks, and therefore easily
perforated.
NA KD, NUoD, corruptly, NUCKD, H. &c. (A. Aं), in the
dialects the k is commonly changed to g/, and a penultimate
vowel inserted, as NAGAD, or NUGUD, Beng. (म?ीनि), Mar.
(नगद), NAGADU,Tel. and Karn.(ंॐ9), NAGADA, Uriya
(१)91०). In Mar. it also occurs, in composition at least,
as NAKTA, and NA KTf. Cash, money, ready money ः it
sometimes applies to ali personal property except goods
and chattels : in Bengal it implies prompt, ready, as
money, &c.
Nakdi, Nagdi, Naladi, or Wagadi, corruptly, Nuchd/,
Nugdee, Nekd/,H. &c. (.४Aं, नग्दी,नगदी) Paid,or to be
paid, in cash or ready money ; applied especially to the
land revenue which is paid in money, in contradistinction
to that which is paid in kind, In Bengal, Nagadi (म?ीनी)
is applied also to cash, ready money ; and in Malayalim,
according to Mr, Greme, Nigadi (C?)००(ं?) denotes the
money revenue payable to the Mohammadan government
of Mysore.
 NAK
Nagadibdib, Mar. (नगदीबाब) The heading under which
items of revenue payable in money were entered in the
Maratha accounts.
Nakdi-chhittlid, H. (kंGA-) Cash receipt.
Nijadi-chittu, Mal. (Crौ००(ळla-ng) A document given by
a collector to each payer of revenue, Stating the amount
of cash demandable.-Mysore.
Nakdiःfai8alat, H. (A. 34.9) Settlement of cash balances,
Nalidi-jundshta, H. (AALAs) A cash-keeper.
Nahdi.jinsi, H. (A. ७“*+० sort, kind) Money rent, cal
culated on the value of the produce.
Nagadi-lekhd, Tel. (ंx०डङ्ग्य) A cash account.
_TV/aldi-maghairdt.H.(A.५-',*4० ८.४.}ं)Miscellaneous items
in the revenue accounts allowed for and settled in money.
Nagad-mail, Mar. (नगदमाल) Ready property, money, or
effects easily convertible into cash, as jewels, &c. ; also,
the prime or chosen portion of any thing.
Nagad-nihr{, Mar. (S. नगदविक्री, from S. fवक्रय, sale) Ready
money sale.
Nagadu-risidi, Karn. (Eng., receipt) An account of receipts
in ready money.
Nagadi-sirastd, Mar. (नगदी शिरस्ता, from P. *ं॰) A tent of his farm and amount of revenue, and the name,
general term for various money cesses imposed by the
Maratha government.
Nijadi-shistam, Mal. (०aींe०, S. fशष्टं, left) A cash ba
lance after payment of the government revenue, payable
to the proprietor by the tenant or oceupier, either under
lease or mortgage.
Wigadi-pittu, Mal. (o1h(ळं), seed) Money assessment ac
cording to the value of the seed reguired for a ficld or an
eState.
Nakd-0:jins, H. (U~4-9Aं) Money and goods.
Nakfabdb, or Waktib6b, Mar. (नच्कबाषः, नक्तीबाब) Taxes in
money, not in kind.
NAKHKHAS, wernacularly, NA KAS, incorrectly, NIKAs, cor
ruptly,NUममुंAs,NUKKAs,NECKAs,NEKKAs,or NERAUss,
H. (A. U~'s) A daily fair or market for slaves and for
horses and cattle : the sale of living things : a tax for
merly levied in Bengal, and still in some of the native
states, upon the sale of horses and cattle.
NA KH I,-IBAND, H. (from A. Us’, a young tree) A gardener,
a maker of artificial flowers.
NARHUDA, corruptly, NARou DA, NAcoDAm, H. (P. lo5-t)
The captain or commander of a ship.
NAkfB, H. (A. ५~~ं) A servant who announces his master’s
864
NAK
approach, and repeats his titles ; a kind of herald or
chamberlain.
NARf RD, Mar. (P. नाकीर्दे), NARHIRUDU, Tel. (त्ऽप्39ॐoं७)
Lying waste or fallow (land).
Naikirdsdr, Mar. (नाकीर्देसारं) Land incapable of cultivation
NA KIS, H. (A. Cajb), NARAS, Hindi (नाकस) Defective,
deficient : as applied to land, it is said to signify either
land in which wells cannot be sunk without masonry, or
that which is fit for the cultivation of Bājra ः it is also
applied to land that is unproductive and not worth cul
tivating. _
NA KKAPANDUGA,Tel. (ॐ_*००ॐox) A ceremony performed
at the salt-pans before the salt is brought from them.
Northern Sirkars.
NA KL, NUoL, vernacularly, NARAL, or NUoUL, corruptly,
NACCAL H. &c. (Uं, नकल) A copy, a transcript, any
recorded written document, a register..
Nall-i-pattd, or -pattdjat, H. (from tः, a lease) A record
or register of leases or revenue engagements : an account
kept by the willage accountant, giving, under tlle name of
each cultivator, an abstract of his tenure, shewing the ex
measurement, assessment, and revenue, of each field.
Nalld,ंVujla, corruptly, Nugld, H. (A.uं)Asmaller village
dependent upon a larger, or upon an estate, forming a sub
ordinate part of it ः (included in the register, or Nall)
= ।। * _
Nahil, H. (A. #9) A reporter, a registrar.
NA KsHA, or NA KAsHA, H. &e. (A. &ं, नकशा) A picture,
a plan, a map, a general description, an official report.
Naksha-intildli, H. (A. Juil) A deed of conveyance or
transfer of landed property.
Naksha-ā-khempat, H. The draft or transcript of the village
register.
Naksha jus-0-kul, H. (Uं}}-4..ij) Detail of particulars,
small or great : a report drawn up by the native collector
or Surveyor, furnishing details of cultivation, the condition
of the cultivators, the duality of the lands, the mode of
management, &c., So as to form a guide to the assessment.
Valisha-tabdili, H. (A. U५AAG, change) Record of transfer
of Shares in landed property.
JKisht-frdr-nalisha, H. (A. e-A.*, a field) A settlement map,
a plan of fields according as they are assessed.
NA KSH-BANDIA, H. (५Aं)A Mohammadan religious men
dicant, characterised by carrying a lighted lamp in one hand
and going about singing verses in honour of the Prophet,
 NAK
&c. ः they derive their institution and name from Khdja
JDahdः-ud-dim, of Vakshbamd.
NAKSHATRA, S. (नघच) An asterism or collection of stars,
which are classed in twenty-eight divisions, and serve to
mark the moon's course through the ecliptic, hence called
a lunar mansion : any constellation.
NAL, NUL, or NALA, NULU, H. &c. (S. UG, नल) A rod, a
bambu, a reed, a measuring rod : as a standard of measure
it consisted of three I'ldhi-८/as or yards of Akbar, but the
length waried in practice from 7' to 9 feet; a larger rod
was also in use varying from 26 to 88 feet ; and another
was known in Bengal of 400 cubits.
Waliya, Beng. (मनिषl) A bird-catcher ः one who catches
birds with limed rods.
NAL, H. (A. 9xं) A horse-shoe.
JValba?ad, H. (AJं) A farrier.
albandi, H. (.sAGAlं) Farriery ; horse-shoe money ः under
the Mohammadan government, a contribution exacted from
petty princes or the peasantry, on the plea of keeping up
the cavalry of the state, or as the price of preventing the
horsemen from devastating the country, but which was
converted into a small permanent tribute : among the Ma
rathas, the eguipment of cavalry for the field, or an ad
vance to a troop when enlisted or sant on service.
Naldab4, Mar. (नालडबा) A set of horse-shoes (four) ः a
claim of the state or public officers to a set of horse-shoes,
annually, from the village blacksmith, or the money-walue
instead.
IWalsdhib, H. (C~''~c)*ं) A man who runs as fast as he
can, carrying an artificial representation of a horse-shoe
as typical of the horse of Hasain at the festival of the
JMu/uarrdm.
NAL, (?) Hindi. A gang or body of the freebooters in Bun
delkhand known as Sanorias, or Uthdigirs.
NAL, H. &c, (Jं), NALA, Mar. (नळ्) A tube, a pipe, a
hollow reed or cane.
NALA, S. &c. (नल) The छै0th year of the Hindu cycle.
NALA, or NALA, corruptly, NULLAH, H. &c. ()७, Jं, नाला)
NALU,NALUv ं, Karn.(N०५, न्यग्ळeoं) A water-course,
a channel or gulley cut in the soil by rain, down which,
in the rainy season, rushes a considerable body of water :
a rivulet, a creek, a drain, a ravine.
JWailakandi, Uriya (१IR|१६) An agueduct for Salt water.
NALA, Mar. (नळ्) An a५ueduct, a conduit pipe.
Na!apatti or Wa!pa!!i, Mar. (नळपट्टी) A tax on the people
805
NAM
of a town or district to defray the cost of keeping agueducts
in repair.
NALArk, H. (P. ७:}U) Unfit, unworthy, improper : as applied
to land, barren, unproductive, incapable of cultivation.
NALG6RU,NALKUK6RU, Karn. (ज्व् ंe९४७ ,ब्ऽव्g०ठै०९४०,
from mdlka८ त्ण्व्39, four) Four shares; land which, hawing
been untilled, is let to farmers on agreement that gowern
ment shall have one share of the produce and the cultiva
tors three.
NALI, NARI, or NAZitl, Tam. (प्रrा ५) A measure of capa
city, a padi, or one-eighth of a marakdl, about Blbs. 6oZ.
NALi, H. &c. (S. ७" नाली) A tube, a pipe, a hollow reed
or bambu, a drill pipe, a channel, a drain t in Kamaon,
a measure of space, half a bisi ; also a measure of grain,
twenty of which, of seed, are the contents of a sheep saddle
bag, and should be sown in a bisi of land.
NALISH, H. (P. U%9), NALIST, or NALISTf, Mar. (नालिस्त,
-स्ती) Complaint, statement of wrong and prayer of redress,
plaint, accusation (in a court of law).
Nailish-ghair-sarsari, or Valish-numberi, H. (from P.
.9५,०५, summary, as a suit or the Eng. word ' number ’)
A regular suit at law, one in which the plaint has been
duly preferred and recorded according to its number.
JNalish?, H. (P. J•*"ं) A complainant, a plaintifiः
JValishi-dirं, H. (from A. ७.-3,e) A plaint, the represen
tation of the complainant.
NALKf, H. (Uं) An open litter or palankin used by per
sons of rank.
NALLABHU MI, Tel. (ं,ंण२०) Black soil.
NALUGU, Tel. (त्ऽश्e979) Staining the hands and feet of the
bride and bridegroom yellow, part of the marriage cere
mony in the Dakhin : rubbing the body with the flour of
certain grains to cleanse the skin.
NALvA, Karn., Mal. (ॐe.S) A furlong, a distance measured
by 440 cubits.
NAMA, also, vernacularly, NAON, NAN0, H. (७५ *U), and
*
NAo, or NAo, Mar. (नाव), vernacularly, NAM, H. &c.
(*७, नाम) Name, a name, reputation ; also in Karnataka,
a sectional mark of three perpendicular lines, of which the
centre is red, the other two white, made on the forehead
by the worshippers of Wishnu : also the white clay itsed
for the purpose.
JNdmddr, H. (P. )'e-०७) Famous, renowned.
Nandicali, IBeng. (S. मीमोदनी) Akind ofcloth, or a scarf or
belt stamped with the names ofa deity, worn by the Hindus.
?ं A
 NAM
JNdjmaddr?, Tam. (प्;rrtogrrph) A १’aishmaba, one wear
ing the sectarial marks.
Naimharam, or Namakarama, H. &c. (S. ७)*५, नामकरणं)
Giving a mame to a new-born child with appropriate cere
monies ः one of the initiating rites or Samskdras of the
Hindus.
Naimahārttana, S. &c. (नामकीर्त्तेन) Repeating the names of
a divinity as an exercise of devotion ः in Bengal, also, the
insertion of a name in a legal document or deed.
JNdjmbarda, H. (P. ४e,*०७) Named, mentioned, aforesaid.
Naiomisdm, Mar. (नावनिशाण) Name and particulars (as
country, residence, occupation, &c.).
Naionis;, Mar. (नावनिशी) A roll or list of names, also a
single name borne upon it.
Naonisincdr, Mar. (नावनिशीवार) Name by name according
to the roll.
Naoras, Mar. (नावरस) The name given to a child with
reference to its horoscope.
NAMA, NAM U, written, NAMAH, NAMEH, in the Hindu dia
lects most usually NAMA, &c., H. &c. (P. &८७, नामा) A
writing, a written document, a deed ः its particular appro
priation is indicated by the word with which it is con
nected, and which usually precedes it ; as, 7krd?’-ndma,
a deed of agreement ; fºdsi-ndma, a deed of assent; Tal
s{m-ndma, a deed of partition ; Tamlil-ndma, acknow
ledgement of ownership or property, &c. : or the terms may
be transposed with the sign of connexion ; as, Nama-ā
ākrār, NAma-ā-taksim, but in Hindustani this is less usual.
NAMAR, or NIMAR,corruptly, NEM UK, NIM UCK, NEEM UCK,
H. &c. (P. ७८५J), in other dialects the form is NIMAK
only, as Beng. (निभदं), Mar. (निमक) Salt.
Namah-, or Nimal-chashi, H. (P. …*-, tasting) Feed
ing a child for the first time when about six or seven
months old, om which occasion various ceremonies are ob
served; also the interchange of trays of sweetmeats between.
the families of the bride and bridegroom at the time of
betrothment.
Namak-, or Nimal-haldl, H. (U"-4-५G) Faithful, loyal.
1Namal8-, or Nimak-hardm, H. (,)---' ं) Faithless, dis
loyal, treacherous.
Namah{, or Nimak{, H. ( .**ं)
Saline, Salt : applied in
Orissa to land owerflowed by the tide, and where salt is
manufactured.
Nimal-daldli, H. (P. J}e, a broker) A tax formerly levied
in Bengal on salt-brokers or vendors.
806
NAM
Namak-mahdl, H. (J'~*c4-'AG) The salt revenue as a
separate head of revenue.
JNamak-, or Vimahº-sdr, H. (,५.9G) Salt-revenue, a salt
pit, saline.
Nimah-paricarda, H. (P. *-999: ; cherished) A favourite
and confidential servant.
NAMASKAR, S. &c. (नमस्कार) Reverential salutation, espe
cially to an idol or a Brahman.
NAMAZ, H. (A._;UAG), vernacularly, NAMAJ (नमाज) Prayer,
especially that prescribed by law to be recited five times
a day. _
Naind2-gdh, H. (from P. ४७, a place) A place of prayer,
the part of a mosgue where the prayers are read, or a
temporary building or platform for the same purpose.
Namd2-i.jand2a, H. (A. 94-, a bier) Funeral service of
the Mohammadans.
NAMBI, NAMBI wAN,Tam. (rप्रthL) * प्रtaLºu-rrळैी), NAMBI,
or NAMBADf, Mal. (Koo०.]), Cooभ–Isl), NAM BryAwA,
Karn. (ॐ०००93) The title of a caste, or member of it,
an inferior class of Brahmans, said to be sprung from a
Kshatriya mother and Brahman father, and usually offici
ating as priest in Waishnava temples in the south of India.
NAMBU DIRI, commonly pronounced, and written, NAMBt RI,
or NAMBooRI, Mal. (Coorg(ीfol), NAMBt RI, Tam.
(प्रtatं,D) A Brahman of the highest order in Malabar,
also the name of the caste or tribe.
NAMBU-wETUvAR, (?) A class of slaves in Karnata.
NAMByARA, Mal. (Coo'_)?(o) A tribe of Nāyars, or Nairs,
in Malabar, also a member of it.
NAM UCHfO, GuZ. (etशुन्(l२tu) A man without mustaches,
a beardless man, a term of reviling.
NAM U DAR, H. (P.)le:AG , from mamudam, to show) A sample,
a Specimen.
JVamuddr, or dd)“{, H. (.9le;*ं) Payment made by a cul
tivator upon his being exempted from actual measurement,
settling his assessment by samples of the crop (?).
JWamuder-besi, IBeng. (नषूटतटदमी) Increase of the rate
entered on the wouchers exhibited (from P. e*G , showing).
JWamuder-lam?, Beng. (नपूटतकी) IDeficiency, or diminu
tion of the exhibit rate. See the preceding.
1Wammima, IWumooma, H. &c. (ं;*G नमूना),
* JNamumd, or
Namond, Mar. (नमुना, नमोना) A sample, a specimen, a
pattern.
Namustidra, corruptly, Numoosoodr, (?) Beng. A low
caste, or an individual of it, a Chandaila.
 NAN
NANA, H. (७७) A maternal grandfather.
Ndm{, H. (Gu) A maternal grandmother.
NANAD, NANANDA, NANADf, NANADfNf, Beng. (ममतःि, &c.
S. ननंदृ) A husband’s sister.
NANAR, or NANE,Mar. (S. नाणकं, नाणे), NANU,Gu2. (atuU) NANDINi, H. (S. , ॰ioं) A husband’s or wife's sister.
Coin, a coin, any thing bearing an inscription, money.
Winepa{{, or -gatti, Mar, Gu2. (नाशेवटी -वट्टी) A money
changer.
Nanegattam, Mar. (नाणेवट्टं), Naindua a, GuZ. (०tuUtu१ 2)
Money-changing, the business of a money-changer : the
money-market,the place where the money-changers’shopsare.
-Wdijaya, or Nanj/a, Karn. (ज्व्ं२०ॐo,ज्व्ं२8) Coin, money.
Waing/ogdr, Karn. (ज्ळ,७87त्ळॐ) A money-changer.
IW4nyamttbadulu, Karn. (ज०-२8ंxग“०ॐ०eo)Exchanging
CO1nS.
Nainyamurupadi, Karn,(जव्)६२8ंOOं9ं७०) Changinglarge
for small money, giving change.
[Winj/aparkhdicanं, Karn. (रूण्व्)ं२8363ऽ०$हैse)
Trying
coins, determining if they are full weight and value.
Nanayacattam, Tam. (प्रT०ठष्ठाu-l6-ltº--ta) IDifference in
exchange of coins, premium or discount.
NANARI, Mal. (Copoopºl) A measure of guantity = four
small measures.
Nandrikandam, Mal.(Copropgºle96.6rs०) Sown with four
measures of seed (a field).
NANAsAi, (?) Mar, A religious mendicant of a low order,
who, in the west of India, extorts alms from the shop
keepers and others by importunities, abuse, and threats ः
(? if intended for Nainalishdhi, vagrant mendicants pro
fessing to be followers of Vainak Shdh, the founder of the
Sikh religion),
NANCHANEBARA, Uriya (१॥ुe१Gl6.) Bribery and corruption
(the first term is more correctly Lanch, ५. v., the second
is probably Dendra, from H. ldna, to take),
NAND, Mar. (S. नंद) A cant term amongst traders and shop
keepers, for an undue profit.
NANDANA,S.&c.(नन्दन)A son ; also the26thyear of the cycle.
NANDAwANAyr, S. &c. (नन्दवनं) The grove of Indra, but used
in the south of India to designate a garden, the flowers
of which are appropriated to some temple.
NANDf, NUNDEE, S. &c. (नन्दी) The bull of Siva, a figure
of whom is usually placed in front of temples dedicated
to that deity.
NANDf, S. &c. (नान्दी) A benedictory werse eulogising a king
or a deity.
367
NAN
Nandi-nuhha, or Nandi-8riddha, S. &e.(नान्दीमुख:, -श्राङ्गः)
A commemorative sacrifice or offering to the manes of
deceased ancestors, as preliminary to a marriage or other
occasion of festivity : also, in Bengali, an ancestor.
NANDoi, NANDosf, H. (S. ५***, ..*ं) A husband’s
sister's husband.
NANGAR, Mar. (नाँगर), NANGAL, Beng. (मi*?ल, S. लाङ्गल)
A plough.
Nanjarat, -rath, or -rad, Mar. (नाँगरट -रठ -ग्ड) Newly
ploughed ground.
(ingarn{, Mar. (नाँगरणी) Ploughing.
Nain0aryd, Mar. (नांगन्या) Relating to a plough, a plongh
man, a bullock, &c.
NANAI, or NANJEv, commonly pronounced NANJA, or
NUsAcorruptly,NUNIAम:Tam.(p७ष्;&०e, प्र्राGeu-",
from TVal प्रवँ), good, and shai ०oxe cultivation), NANJA,
Tel. (७०ed) Soil that is fit for the cultivation of rice,
admitting of artificial irrigation, and hence commonly
termed 'wet ground or soil,’ in contradistinction to JPunja,
or dry.
Nagjai mel puajai, or taram punjai, Tam. (प्र(ऽष्,०००e
GLo6b -्ठDrth--ॐाठ्टु८) The cultivation of grains not
usually reguiring irrigation on irrigated soils, but where
the actual supply of water is inadeguate for the growth of
rice : the revenue in Such a case is assessed at a medium
rate between that customary on dry and on wet lands.
NANJI, Uriya (१ीं) A strip of alluvial land.
NANKAR, less correctly, NANCAR, H. &c. 0%७, P. ७"
bread, and 9४, business) In Bengal finance, a term ap
plied to an assignment of a portion of the land or revenue
of an estate, made to the occupant or Zamindār as an al
lowance for his subsistence, usually amounting to about
five, or sometimes ten per cent. on the assessment payable
to the state. If remowed from the management of the estate,
the Wdmltdr was occasionally withdrawn, in contradis
tinction to the Mailihdma, which was always granted : the
terms, however, are not unfreduently confounded, or used
indiscriminately to signify the same thing. The term was
also applied to assignments of land or revenue made as
subsistence-money to fiscal and village officers. Ben. Reg.
viii. 1798 ; xxv. xxvii. I808 ; ix. I805.
Nainhdr-mujrdi, H. (P. ५.3)-963G) Deductions from the
revenue, or assignments from it, on account of NAnhdr,
or subsistence allowance.
 NAP NAR

Nainhar mujrdi rcasil baki, H. &c. (.*५ 9~', ॰ं)**%ं) NARI, or NApi, S. &c. (मोर्जी, नाडी) Any tubular pipe or
An account of the rewenue deducted or assigned on account
of Watnkafr : items in the general account of receipts and
balances kept by the willage accountants, exhibiting such।
deductions.
JNankdr-2amām, H. &c. (P. ७*9 * land) Land assigned rent
free to Zaminditrs or public officers for their maintenance.
IW4nparmarshi, Karn. (ज्व्ॐॐॐ*y) A pension, a grant,
a Salary or allowance made to a person when incapable of
serwice.
NAP, H. (५-'G, for Mip ५-*५०) Measuring, measure.
NAPAT, Mar. (नापत) Want of credit or character (among
mercantile people.
NAPIT, H. &c. (S. ५-४५ । नापित), along with the original
term the dialects have warious modifications of the word,
wessel, a blood-wessel, the pulse.
Naritepa, Beng. (नiर्जीटर्षॆ*i) A physician.
NARf, or NARIKA, S. &c. (नाडी, नाडिका), NA.IRAI, or
NAZHIKAI, NADIKA, Tam. (प्रrrglcoxe, प्रrrt१-err),
NARIKA, or NARIGA, Mal, (Copºlcº) A measure of time,
an hour of twenty-four minutes, or one-sixtieth of the day
and might ; also, in Tam. an Indian mile, the distance
a person walks in a Vdrika.
NARi, S. &c. (नारी) A woman.
NARI, Mal. (Co2श्?) A measure of capacity, the fourth part
of an Edam0ali, or sometimes the same as the Edangali.
NARIAL, Thug. The head.-Dakhini.
NARfHAR, Thug. Unsafe, as the place appointed for the
murder.

as NAi, H. (.४७), NAiDA, NAfNDA, Karn. (ज्व्०Soॐ, NARIKELA, S. &c. (नारिकेल), sometimes modified in the dia
त्ण्ec99० ँ),NAt, NAnt,NAnAwi,and NAHAwi, NHAt, lects, as NARWAL, H. (O99), NARAL, NARALf, and NA
and NHAwi, Mar. (नाञ्ज,नाहू, नाह्वी, नाहावी, न्हाज, न्हावी)
NAPiG, Karn. (जव्&०९%) Abarber, a shaver, who usually
acts also as a surgeon ः the willage barber, and barber
Surgeon.
NAPTA, NAPTRf, S. &c. (नप्पा, नम्री) A grandson, a grand
daughter.
NAR, Sindhi. A large water-wheel.
NAR,Mal. (oo?०) Woung corn or paddy fit for transplanting.
Warruhala, Mal. (orop००८6x9eA) Abed or piece ofground
from which young rice plants have been removed.
Warrupat!{, Mal. (oro2०००-45) A bed or piece ofground
in which rice plants have been sown for transplanting.
NARA, Tel. (जवं), Mal. (Copo) The liempen fibres of
warious plants, whether from the stem or the bark, as the
palm, the cocoa-nut, the aloe, the Sam, &c.
NARA, or NADA, Beng. (मiजi) Stubble, the stubble of rice
or other grain after reaping. _
RE!, Mar. (नारळ, नारळी, नारेळ्) The cocoa-nut tree
(Cocos nucifera); a cocoa-nut.
Narali punac, or paurgind, Mar. (नारळीपुनव, or पौर्णेिमा)
Day of full moon in the month Srdoam, when a cocoa-nut
is thrown into the sea, and the monsoon is declared to be
broken up.
-Warali atpanna, ? (from S. उत्पव, produced) Amount pro
duce of the cocoa-nut trees of the state, or of the impost on
private plantations.
.Ndralmdr, Mar. (नारळमाड) A cocoa-nut tree kept for fruit,
in distinction to the Bandharmd?’ (भंडारमाड), one kept
for tdri.
Narikela-tail, Beng. (S. नtāीटलटोंज्ञ) Cocoa-nut oil.
-Wdrikela-ndld, IBeng. (from भiलl, the shell of the cocoa
nut) The internal hard shell, a cup made of it.
Niryali, H. (U५,७) Tiri from the sap of the cocoa
nut tree.

NARAKA, S. &c. (नरक) Hell, the place of torment forsinners ः NARoDA, Gu2. (॰ttरेu९u) A tribe of half-caste Rajputs.
warious Subdivisions are enumerated. NARU, Karn. (जवं9) The fibres of plants, whether from the
NARATTA, Karn. Tel. (यं) Land broken by chasms and stem or the rind.
creeks. Undi-ndru, Karn. (ंj००९त्यव्ॐ०) Common hemp.
NAR-, or NAD-Gf R, Mar. (नाडगीण) A revenue officer. JDeng/ina-ndru, Karn. (G०?\ऽयव्७७) The fibres, or coir,
. Var-, or Ndd-gaund, Mar. (नाडगंीड) The head revenue and of the cocoa-nut.

police-officer of a district in some of the Maratha provinces,
corresponding to Desnakh in others.
Nargun, (?) Mar. The head of the shepherds, as holding
a fratan or claim on the revenue of a village or district ः
(it should be, probably, the same as the preceding).
'B08
JWulindru, Karn. (७cं)ज्ठंC) Any sort of hemp.
NARUKARU, Mar. (नारूकारू) The inferior village servants,
those comprised under the designation of Aluta, ५. w.
NARU, Tel., Tam. (न्यं?, प्रा g9) Woung plants of corn
fit to be transplanted.
 NAR NAT।

NARRU, pronounced NA' ण्,Tam. (prTं)g) Plants thickly especially to a deficient crop, either of corn or fruit, from
sown, for the purpose of being transplanted. temporary or permanent injury, as bad soil, scarcity of
NARRANKAL, pronounced NATrANGAL, Tam. (pyrrpp water, excess of rain, blight, tempest, lightning, &c., claim
rueErr6o) A bed, or part of a field, kept moist, in which ing a proportionate diminution of the assessment.
rice is sown for the purpose of being transplanted when Washtachandra, S. &c. (नष्टचन्द्र:) The waning moon.
it grows up. Nashtacdrtte, Karn. (्ॐयब्ठैरृता) Bad news.
Narranadagu, or Natumudaru, Tam. (प्रTghg)प्र'-6-I) Nashtiha, S. &c. (नाष्टिक)TWho or what has suffered loss,
The act of transplanting. bereft of property, deprived of an owner.
NAs, or NAs, Mar. (S. नाशा, नास) Loss, injury, destruction. NASHUs, A. (O*ं) In Mohammadan law, a woman who
Visrant, Mar. (नाशावणी, from S. पाणी, water) Rain out is disobedient to her husband and prowokes him to mal
of season spoiling the crops. treat her ; one who abandons her husband’s house in con
NARTA, Dakh. Thug. A soldier or policeman. Seduence of a duarrel.
NArawA, incorrectly, NIRwA, GuZ. (॰t२.१tu) An undivided । NAsfA, H. (A. AA॰) Delay allowed for payment, credit.
village held in coparcenary, and managed by a few of the NAsfB, H. (A. ५-~～~) Fortune, fate, destiny.
chief sharers : applied also to the assessment of the rewenue NAsIHA, H. (५४॰ं , नसिहा) A light plough for ploughing
by agreement with the principal shareholders. light soils.
Narmpaid4r, GuZ. (०t२.१tu९u२) A coparcenary shareholder in NAsi HAH, or NAsfHAH-DAFTAR, corruptly, NAsBHA, (?) An
a willage. office under the Mohammadan governments in which ac- '
NAsAB, NUsUB, H. (A. ५~~ं) Family, race, lineage. counts of the revenue and revenue alienations were pre
Nasab-ndma, H. (P. &०'$, a document) A pedigree, a genea pared for transmission to the supreme treasury (perhaps
logical table or tree. from Wasthat, adwice).
Vis0at, H. (A. ७…~५५.G) Relationship, affinity, connexion ः NAsfHAT, H. (A. e-~～~～') Adwice, counsel. NAsf HAT, Mar.
also used adverbially, ba-nisbat, with regard or respect to. (नसीहत), NAsI wATTU, Karn. (ॐ७०Coं) Chastisement,
Nisbat, Mar. (निसचत, the same word as the last, but differently punishment.
applied) Charge, care of, custody, control or direction of NAsL, H. (A. c)~) Linegge, गृace, descent.

Nisbatd4,’, Mar. (निसबतदार) A person or officer having Naslan ba maslan, H. ('~～～～''~ं) In regular descent or
charge or control of succession.
IVisbatngdr, Mar. (निसवतवार) Belonging to, in charge or NAss, A. (Caj) Manifesting ः in Mohammadan law, a clear
under control ofः in the order of the names of those to and express dictum of law which cannot be set aside.
whose keeping things or persons are committed (a NASTI, S. &c. (नास्ति) Non-existence, annihilation, what is not
list, &c.) (it is sometimes confounded vernacularly with Nashta,
NAsA K, NUsUK, H. (A. J“ं) Order, arrangement : walua and Washtt, ५. w.
tion of a crop by estimate (?) Wastiha, or Vaistih, S. &c. (नास्तिक ) An unbeliever, one
Nasahch{, H. (P. _ं“) An officer better known in Persia who denies the authority of the Wedas : an atheist.
than in Hindustan, one attached to the king as chamber NATA, H. (७b), NATEN. Mar. (नीतं, from the S. ज्ञाति) Kin
lain and orderly, and, on occasion, executioner. dred, affinity, relationship (by blood or marriage),
Nasakchā bdsh{, H. (P. *५) Chief chamberlain or orderly. Nati.plur Wati/ar.Mitijal,Tam.(S७ष्;rrंठी,७प्) rांठीu- #r,
NAsHA, H. (A. ७ं) Intoxication, the effects of intoxication, (ऽष्,rT gle6f ) Relations by the same father, joint heirs.
a headache, &c. ; intoxicating liduor. NATA, NUTA, Mal. (COs) Entrance to a house : a temple.
NASHTA, vernacularly, NASHT, or NUSHT, or, sometimes, Natahdicam, Mal. (Coscexpo-lrt) A sentinel, a guard.
NATH, S. &c. (५-~**, नष्ट) Lost, injured, destroyed : it NATA, NAT, or NUT, S. &c. (५--3, नट:), NATwA, Gu2.
is oftem used as a substantive, as, (०t८१tu) A dancer, an actor, a tumbler, a public performer ;
Nashtam, Tam. (प्र%-ta), Nashtamu, or Washti, Tel. applied also to a tribe of vagrants who live by feats of
(ॐ ँOO, (ं9), JNashta, Karn. (ं), Washta, Nashti, dexterity, sleight of hand, fortune-telling, and the like, and
U॥iya (११,) *६,) ILoss, injury, damage, waste : applied correspond in their habits with the gypsies of Europe.
869 ॐ B
 NAT
Naं, S. &e, (नटी) A dancing-girl, an actress.
Nataka, or Natak, S. &c. (नाटक) Acting, dancing, public
performance : a play, a drama.
NATAt, Beng. (मtātंश्) A reel for winding cotton.
NATA, or NApA, Mal. (Cops), NATU, Tam. (pyrrG) Country,
as distinguished from town, a kingdom, a province or dis
trict: commonly pronounced Nad, or N4du, ५. v. (In the
derivatives and compounds of these words the inflected
forms W4tta, and Wattu, are substituted.
Natta, Mal. (CO25) Of or belonging to the country.
Nattam, Tam. (प्रrTº--t) The chiefship of a district.
JNaitramkdran, corruptly, Nautumkar, Tam. (pyrrt- L-tbे
eBrTDrॐा) The head man of a willuge or a district, one
who directs and Superintends the cultiwation, and has chief
authority over the village servants : the Patāl of the Ma
ratha provinces ; also the head man of a tribe, trade, or
caste, in some places.
JWattain, corruptly, Nautn’tin, Tam. (प्,Te.Lrाठैी) The
chief civil officer of a district under the native administra
tion, whose authority is now confined to guestions of caste :
the post is filled by the tribe of original settlers and the
JMirdsiddrs ; the Nattdin, takes precedence in an assembly
of various tribes.
Nattanma, Mal. (Co2396४2) Superiority of a village.
'attanma-karam, Mal. (CO2506`2eexport), Naºrdinmai
kttram, Tam.(pyrrt--rrठऴायुu०erा Drॐा) The chief or
head man of a village or district.
Nattar, or Nadar, Tam. (pyrrtं--rrणैः, प्;िrा-ग्रै) The
people of a district or a country : the chief persons among
the agriculturists.
'at!ukdram, Mal. (Co2३cexport) A rustic, a countryman.
Nattukaramam,Tam. (प्रrrt--Gकैe:Drठ्ठठाia) The registrar
or accountant of a district, a willage accountant.
Nattathuttam, Mal. (०9ंas०) A general assembly of the
people of a country
Nattumdniyam, Tam. (prrt-GuarTठ्ठटीu-da) ILand held
rent-free as the perGuisite of the head mam of a village.
Natumatappa, Mal. (Co25Cosं-) Custom of the country.
Natttusilacu, corruptly, IWautsellacoo,Tam. (प्रrTLOG*606-)
Charges for willage expenses and the pay and allowances
of willage officers under the native government. ।'
-Wattupuram, Tam. (प्रTrt--G-Dia) A country town.
Nattippu, Mal. (*०१ङ्-{) Salt made in the country, in
distinction to foreign or imported salt.
Natuicttri, or Nadumrdri, commonly, Nadicali, corruptly
870
NAT
Waurnali, and Naurnai, Mal. (Co25o-rpºl) A governor,
a ruler of a district, subordinate only to the Rāja, one who
had command of a hundred Nayars.
Nattalam, (?) The name of a class of slaves in Karnata.
NATTAM, NUTTUM, Tam. (प्रंठta) A willage, especially one
inhabited by Sttdras, in opposition to an Agrahāram, or
one inhabited by Brahmans; that part of the village lands
on which the houses of the Mirdsiddrs are built, the site
of the dwellings of the willagers, as distinct from the lands
attached to the village. (This word is written with a dental
t, instead of the cerebral of all the preceding ; it should
come, therefore, from a different root, but is possibly only
a vernacular variation),
Nattamakam, pl. Wattamakkal, and Nattamdr, Tam.
(प्,ंठLaec्रं, प्रंठLarrप्रै, plur) A subdivision of
the Walala tribe, husbandmen, farmers.
Nattapal, Tam. (प्रंठ-6) A deserted village.
NATAwAN, H. (P. J';७, ineapable) As applied to land, un
productive, yielding a scanty crop: to a person, one who
is insolvent•
NATHA, or NATH, corruptly, NAUTH, NAUT, and NAUTUryr,
S. &c. (Ag७, नाय), NATAN, Tam. (prrंठस्रैी) A lord,
a master, a name borne by some classes of religious
mendicants.
N%thmudr, corruptly, Nathtanar, (?) Having a lord or
master, said to denote certain villages superintended by
head men called Vaut, or Nautum, probably some error
for Naturodri, ५. v.
NATH I, NUTHEE, H. (.*, नयी) Aggregate of papers and
proceedings relating to a law suit : a file or bundle of
official papers tied up together.
Natijdnthd, IBeng. (मउि?ीi*१n) Fastening loose papers to
gether by a string passed through one corner (from मज्,
a nose-ring, and ?fi*१il, a knot : this seems to be the origi
nal of the preceding, although it occurs as so modified in
Behar and Bengal).
NATI, H. (.*५, from S. नशृं, नप्री) A grandson, a grand
daughter ; the latter is also Wattin (GJ) and Natnf
(ं) or Mar. Wditin (नातीण).
(नातू) A grandson.
JWaitat, Mar.
NATARU, GuZ. (॰tuct३) The second marriage of a woman whose
husband is dead or is long absent, or from whom she is
Separated, practised by some inferior castes in the Dakhin :
it is also used for the marriage of a man to a second
wife.
 NAT
NATru, corruptly, NUTH, Karn., Tel. (ं) A platform
of earth, a bank, a terrace : Bent grass (Agrestis linearis).
Wattuguttije, Karn. (ं%9.7) Favourable assessment
on land where Bemt grass abounds.
Wattuhaul, Tel. (ंवाथ्) Land granted on favourable
terms, on condition of eradicating the Bent grass on the
fields.
NAयूUPAयूTAM, Mal. (Cosā-ps०) Land in dispute let out to
a third person.
NATUvAN, Mal. (Coso-lrt) A mediator, an arbitratorः (this
and the preceding, are from the Mal. Natu, or Nada,
the middle),
Natukur, Mal. (Co5ं9a०) Allowance made by an owner to
his temant on his planting trees in the lands of the former.
NAU, H. &c. (;, S. नव) New, young, fresh. See Waca.
Nau-dbaid,corruptly, N0abad, Nomabad, H. (e५|;) Recently
settled or cultivated, as land : in Chittagong, lands not
included in any survey or assessment, and considered to be
at the disposal of the government, who may rent them to
whom it pleases : one recently settled on a farm, or in a
willage, as a cultivator or temant, or one who cultivates
waste lands.
Naa-bardr, H. 9}}ं;) Land recently made subject to as
SeSSmemt.
Waupattt, (?) IMahdjam, H. (from ७#-५० । a merchant) A
banker of the highest caste.
Naa-lec4, Hindi (नैीलेवा) Alluvial deposit left by floods.
Nauro2, H. (P. 29;') New-year’s day, held on the sun's
entrance into Aries.
JWaushihast, H. (P. ५--~.ॐ , broken) Waste alluvial land
newly cultivated.
JWausirtdldo, H. (99-५;) A newly dug tank: (although H.,
the phrase Wau-sir, new head, for new, recent, is peculiar
to Madras).
Nausin-tal40-kaul, H. (from J;, an agreement) A grant
of land on favourable terms to one who has dug a new
tank or well.
Naumgaria, Thug. A tyro.
NAtj, H. &c. (S. *७, नौ) A boat, a vessel.
Nacik, Mar. (नाविक) A steersman, a pilot.
Winodr{, Mar. (नावाडी) A boatman, a steersman.
Nandra, corruptly, Nomarrah, H. (P. 9';) A large boat,
a barge : under the Mohammadan government of Bengal
the term was applied to a flotilla stationed at Dacca to
protect the branches of the Ganges and Brahmaputra against
871
NAW
Pirates from Arakan t also to the assessments of revenue
set apart for its maintenance by the state, or similar as.
signments to Zamindārs for keeping up a number of boats.
AWarudra-6mla, H. (A. AAe) The establishment of officers
for the superintendence of the flotilla ः an item in the
general rewenue accounts of the Mohammadan gowernment
of Bengal, specifying the revemue assigned for the expenses
of the boat establishment.
Narcara.j4gār, H. (P. L*- ५. v) Assignment ofrevenue
for the support of the flotilla, or of single boats forming
part of it. _
Narudra-mahal, H. &c. (U'~*) The boat department, the
establishment of public boats ; also the revenue assigned
for keeping them up.
NAUBAT, corruptly, NoBIT, H. (A. ५-**) Turn, succession ः
instruments of music or a band sounding at the gateway
of a great man at intervals.
Naubat hhdna, H. (P. Aits-, a house) The chamber, usually
over the gateway, where a state band is stationed.
Naubat-talabi, H. (P. ५-le , seeking) Applying to be
heard in turn in a court or suit at law.
NAU HA, H. (A. &~;) Lamentation over the dead by hired
ImOurmerS.
NAUJI, Tel. (G' ं) A measure, the eighth of a marakal.
NAUKAR, corruptly, Now KER, H. (P. A%ं) A servant.
Nauharin, H. (plur of the las) Servants : lands or re
venues assigned for the maintenance of village and other
public servants.
.Vaahar{, H. (P. ५9*;) Service.
-Wauharā-manyamu, Tel. (उ०soंo-५,७8ंoo) ILand or re
venue assigned to public servants either as pay or pension.
NAwA, vernacularly, NAU, S. (नव, ;) New, also mine.
Naodnna, S. &c. (नवात्र) New grain ः a festival observed
by the Hindus in the month of Māh, upon first gather
ing and eating the cold weather crop.
Naodichal, GuZ. (॰tetu*५&t) Land newly brought into cul
tivation, and therefore lightly taxed, or free from tax.
Naoard, Mar. (नवरा) A bridegroom ; Nacar{ (नवग्री) A
bride.
Nara-, or Waurtitri, S. &c. (नवराची) The nine nights : a
great Hindu festival in honour of Durgd, occupying the
first nine days of the month of 4sicin ः the tenth day is
the Dasahard, d. v.
JNaa-sdit, H. &c. (५-''~*, lit., nine and seven) A division
of the crop, in some districts of Bengal, between the Za
 NAW
mindar and the cultivator, the former taking nine-sixteenths
and leaving seven-sixteenths to the latter : also Wau-84
batdi (from Batdi, g. w., division)
NAwA-, or NAU-TAKE:, Mar. (नवटकं) A measure of capacity,
one-eighth of a s6r.
NAwA-, or NAU-TANK, or -TANKf, Mar, Gu2. (नवटीक, also
GuZ. ०t१2u०%t) A measure of weight, one-eighth of a s6
in weight : it appears to be used also for the measure of
capacity of the like value ; see the preceding, both refer
ring to the coin known as Tamh', g. w.
NAwfs, or NAwisANDAH, incorrectly, NAwISHINDA, H. (P.
U~** , sA५;, from mangishtam, to write) A writer, a
clerk, a Secretary, a transcriber : it is similarly used in Ma
ratht, often abbrewiated to Wis. The first is generally used
in composition ; the latter is used in some places to denote
a writer placed by the landlord to act as a check upon the
-Patiodrt in keeping an account of the measurement of the
fields.
JKhusl-nagis, A good writer, one who writes a good hand,
especially a professional transcriber.
Jamodb-nagis, A writer of answers to petitions.
W4sil-b4ki-nacts, Writer of accounts, of receipts, and ba.
|lances.
NAwITE, Tel. (ऽ२ं) A measure of twelve s6rs.-Northern
Sirkārs.
NAwA-Aiं-THE, corruptly, NUwA-Aw-TAw, H. (.*";) lit.,
Those who had newly come : an order of Mohammadans
said to have descended from some citiZens of Madina who
attempted to carry off the corpse of Mohammad, and were
therefore exiled and driven from city to city ः the designa
tion is peculiar to the south of India : Kanain-ā-Isldm.
NAwAiB, corruptly, NAwAwEEB, H. (A. ५-~'';) Accidents,
changes of fortune : all extraordinary aids beyond the esta
blished contributions lewied by the state upon the occur
rence of any emergency.
NAwAsA, NAwAsA, H. (P. &~';, ५.}) A grandson, espe
cially a daughter’s Son.
Narcdsi, H. (P. Jं“';) A granddaughter, especially by a
daughter.
NAwA pI, corruptly, NAIADPs, Mal. (Copoups) The name of
an outcaste tribe, or an individual of it ः they are found
only in the northern parts of Cochin, and are the most
degraded of all the low tribes.
NAwARA, S. &c. (नायक), also, vernacularly, NAik, as. H.
(4-५७), Mar. (नादैक), or NAEk, Uriya (११०), NAwARAN,
372
NAw
or NAwKAN, Mal. (oopoueort, Copgrt), NAwARAN,
Tam. (ryrrut-le5ठैी) A leader, a chief in general ; also
the head of a small body of soldiers ः in the Anglo-Indian
army, a corporal ; the head or overseer of a party of la
bourers : a title borne by the chiefs among several hill
tribes, as the Bhils, JKolis, &c. ः a military chief under the
Rajas of Wijayanagar, a Paligdr in the south of India.
In Cuttack, a subordinate military leader paying tribnte
and service for lands held under a superior chief in the
JKilajdt : under the Marathas, an officer who assisted in
making the collections in a district, and who exercised also
judicial powers in trifling cases ; also an overseer ofgowern
ment labourers, or the head of an establishment of horses,
carts, &c., a job-master. In Malabar, the chief police-officer
ofa district, the headof the willage watch; sometimes applied
to the head man of a willage, sometimes (in Cuttack) to the
village astrologer. Amongst the Marathas, also, an affix
to the names of the Brahmans who follow the business of
money-changers, as IBaloba-maik, &c. In Kamaon it is said
to imply an illegitimate child ; in Sanskrit poetry and
the drama, the lower, the hero.
2Wdyak-mctidi, or -fodri, Naik-muddi, or -?odri, Tel., Karn.
(त्ऽप्OCOँण१०) A ;peon stationed in a village by the
collector or the landholder especially to superintend the
villagers in their cultivation, and see that the produce
is not misappropriated or stolen ; he performs also, on
occasion, the functions of willage watchman and police
officer.
-Vidyakicadi, or -१carं, Mar. (नायकवडी) A petty officer in
forts or police-stations having authority ower some ten or
fifteen men.
JNdikicdir, H. &c. 9',१७) Under a Wai/ं, a willage, a
corps, &c.
JWdikmcdr{, H. &c. (.9';ंC) Any thing relating to a wil
lage, &c. under a Waik: (this and the preceding are es
sentially the same as Waikicddi, &c.).
NAWAM, Tam. (प्रu-ta) Profit.
-Wayanashtam, or Nayanattam, Tam. (प्रu- प्र%Al-'-th,
[छu- प्र1--ta) Profit and loss, See Nashta.
NAwAR, commonly, NAIR, or NAw R, Mal. (COpo2)(o) The
। name of the ruling caste in Malabar, professing to be
Sttdras, but bearing arms and exercising sowereignty.
NAW ILKAvALI, Tam. (prTLLºl6berrcu6) Guarding a
town, or expenses incurred for its protection or security.
NAwINAR, Mal, (C०9Crºloo9(o) A chief a lord, a master.
 NAW
NAwrNDA, or NAwipA, Karn. (ज००००००, त्ण्व्ceo९ ँ) A
barber, the barber of the willage.
NAw UDU, commonly written NAIDU, or NAIDoo, Tel.
(त्णव्०Gooॐ०) A title added to the names of respectable
persons among the low or Sitdra castes ; also, sometimes,
the headman of a willage.
NAZM, H. (A. Alaj) Order, arrangement, administration.
Ndgim, H. (A. Ast;) An arranger, an administrator, a
governor, a viceroy, the superior officer or governor of
a province charged with the administration of crimi
nal law and the police, hence applied to the Wamudb of
JMurshiddbdd.
Nigdm, H. (A. Aus) Administration ; also, an administrator,
a viceroyः hence applied to the wiceroy of the Dakhin, who,
although assuming independence, retained the title which
still distinguishes his successors, the rulers of Hyderabad.
Niंimat, H. (A. ५.~~'s) The office of the Nigdm, the
administration of police and criminal law : as a financial
designation it was applied, under the Mohammadan gowern
ment, to lands paying rewenue to the W42im, not to the
JDingdim, or financial minister of a prowince, termed also
Nigdmat-mahal.
Nigdmat-ddalat, (from e-Jle=, ५. w) The chief criminal
court, or court of the Nigdm, applied at present to the
chief criminal court of the British provinces, established
originally at Murshidabād in I772, but finally removed
to Calcutta in I790. Ben. Reg. ix. I798. A second Niं4
mat-adailat, forthe north-west provinces was established by
Reg. wi. I88l.
Nigdia-al-mulk, H. (A. ५-५.JKus) Administrator of the
kingdom, the proper title of the ancestor of the rulers of
Hyderabad, commonly shortened to Wi34/:भ्.
NAZR, vernacularly, NUJUR, H. &c. (A. Ja) Sight, vision,
supervusion.
Nagr-and42i, H. (A.P. ८.9loG],aj) Casting one's sight over :
in revenue language, valuation of land, or estimate of the
value of a crop upon inspection.
Nagr-band, H. (from P. A५, binding) Kept in view, or
under surveillance, a prisoner at large.
Nagr-bandi, Najar-bandi, H. (P. ५.sA५, binding) Surveil
lance, arrest, parole ; also, detention, confinement.
Nagr-did, Sindhi (P. Jo५e, to see) Inspection of crops.
Najar-pdhanं, Mar. (नजरपाहणी) Waluation of land or of
crops by inspection.
Nagir, Najir, H. (A. As५, नाजिर), Najiri, Beng. (नांख्रीनी)
378
NAZ
An inspector, a supervisor : in ordinary use, the officer of
the court who is charged with the serving of process, or
who is sent to take depositions, and make inguiry into
any breach of law or the peace.
Nagir.jamdddr, H. (9'A~~～-9s७) An inspecting officer, a
head peom or police-officer.
Nagirkhana, H. (P. &ं७-) The Ndsir, or sheriff's office.
Nagdrat, H. (e-999) Supervision, inspection, the office of
the Nagir.
NAZi R, H. (A. J*ं) Example, likeness, precedent.
NAZR, NAZAR, NAJAR. H. &c. 9ं), NAJARU, or NAIDARU,
Karn. (ॐaंॐ०, ॐंO)A present, an offering,especially one
from an inferior to a superior, to a holy man, or to a prince :
a present in general: a fine or fee paid to the state, or to
its representative, on succeeding to office or property : a
son succeeding to a father’s property was not liable to this
fine among the Marathas unless he were a Jaigirdar or
other servant of gowernment : in cases of adoption it was
lewied from all persons.
Wajardni, IWajara-bamdi, Najarukdmike,Karn. (७४ठाव्*० *
(ॐagCo&००८७, K3a४ं७ठाळ*०ठं) An extortionate tax, a forced
contribution on all the people ofa willage or district.
Najar-bhd, Mar, (नजरभेट) A present made to a public
officer on being first introduced to his presence, lit., the
present of interview : a small offering of about one rupee
made to the government through its officer by each Pdttl
on settling the assessment.
Na2r-i-dargdh, H. (P. *9e, a shrine) An assignment of
rewenue under the Mohammadan gowernment to a sacred
shrine, or any religious establishment.
Na2r-i-idain, H. (A. ***, a festival) Presents made at the
great Mohammadan Jas, or festivals ; the 7a-al:fitr, and
Bakr-1d ः presents or offerings sent to the court of Dehli
on these occasions by the Subahdār of Bengal ः a cess im
posed to defray their cost.
Wa:r-ā-Imdman, H. (A. '~', a sacred person) Presents to
the Imams, an assignment or grant made to an establish
ment dedicated to the Imams Hasan and Husain, the sons
of Ali.
Nagar katdi, corruptly, Nu22ur coodai, H. (.*9ं) A
present made to the farmer or revenue officer by the cul
tivators for permission to cut their corn.
Najar-najrdma, Mar. (नजरनजरानt) Presents to superiors,
or Such as are interchanged amongst persons of rank.
Najarpatti, Mar. (नजरपट्टी) A tax levied on a village or
छै C
 NAZ NEL

district to raise money for a present to a public officer newly
come into office, or to a prince on his accession.
Nagr-i-Ramgdn, Najar Rantjani, H. &c. (A. ७-49 । the
month so named) Presents made at the fast of the Itamg/in :
a tax or fee paid for permission to sell Arak during the
month of Ramgain, when all indulgences are interdicted,
Nagpur.
Nagr-i-piran, H. (PA:, a religious mam) Presents to saints:
an assignment of revenue for the support of a religious
person, or keeping up his tomb.
IVagr-pujiya, H. (from S. पुण्य, holy) Pious offerings, but
applied to the presents exacted under the Mohammadan
government by its revenue officers at the annual settlements
of accounts, and carried in part to the credit of the state.
Nagr-surodrं, H. (P. ८.s9';“ , horsemen) Contributions levied
property that is considered to have lapsed to the state : an
office for investigating lapsed claims.
NEDI, Beng. (८न्ानि) A cake of cow-dung dried for fuel.
NEG, H. (e_ं) A present to relations and dependants on
festive occasions ः the fee of the Patrodrt or willage ac
countant ः any fee for Service.
&gt, H. (J*ं) A willage Servant, any public servant, or
one who claims a fee or present on particular occasions.
N6j{-jogi, H. (A. ५*.*ं) Tenants and dependants,
public servants, willage officers.
NEGA, (?) Tibetan. A measure of weight about ten sikka
weight.-Kamaon.
NKot!.U, less correctly, NEGALU, Karn. (बै९?\eo) A plough
with oxen and apparatus complete : a large kind of plough
used in stiff soils.

from the cultivators of a district as the price of the forbear N6fo E, Karn. (त्रँeceoe7ं) Weawing.
ance of cavalry from riding ower their corn. NEKDARi, H. (P. from mel। ५4-५७, good, and ddr{ ५9le.
NAZRANA, corruptly, NUZZERANA, wernacularly, NAJARANA, having) The general term for the sums or portions of the
H. (A. P. *d]JP, नजराना) A gift, a present, especially from crop, collected from the cultivators of a village for the wil
an inferior to a superior ; but the term was more particu lage expenses and payments to the willage officers and ser
larly applied to sums received as gratuities, although in fact vants, as essential to the well-doing of the community.
exacted by the state on warious occasions, as fees or fines NEL, or NELLU, Tam. (Grप्,ं), ०rप्र6bsu), NELLA, also read
_ ___-___ |
upon an assignment of revenue to an individual, or on 6)opg3), NELLU, Karn.
NELLI, (but ?) Mal. (6)oogं-५,
appointment or succession to office, or to a Jagfr or other (रैं) Rice in the husk paddy,fifty-eight kinds of
possession, although hereditary ; also an exaction of ad which are grown in Malabar ; a fundamental measure,
ditional tribute from a tributary dependant, or a contri eight grains being egual to the breadth of a finger.
bution in excess of the usual revenue payment levied upon Nelli-landam, Mal. (6)opgं0a००rs०) The space of a paddy
the people of the country in professed cases of emergency. field between the ridges or banks.
Nasrana-ā-hdl, H. (A. J-, present) An actual or recent Ner-hadir, Tam. (Grप्65ंठी ग्रै) An ear of rice.
present, one recently exacted. Ner-halajiyam,Tam. (Grygbe56ITऽप्;ट्ठी u-lta) A granary
Na2rdma-ā-mamstir-ganj, H. (from ८%*२,
a granary or for rice corn.
d6p6t SO named) A tax imposed by Alivardi Khan as a Nerkuttakai, Tam. (Grप्65ंठ००८) A grain rent.
gift to his grandson Surfij-ad-daula, to whom, at the same ]Ver-kali, Tam. (Gप्रंbट्ट,५) A grain or rice pit.
time, he granted the tolls leviable at Manstir-ganj, a corn Nellar, Mal. (6)०gG०) A rice store or granary.
d6p6t and market near the latter’s residemce. IVellari, Mal. (Goog्)) Rice unhusked.

Na2rdma-mukarrari, H. (A. 2;-०, fixed) A permanent Wenmani, Tam. (Gyयैी.००णी) A grain of rice corn.
present; atax imposed by Shujia Khan, governor of Bengal, JVeramad, Tam. (GyयैीLarr) Rice flour.
ostensibly to defray the expense of the presents made by the Nelpalisa, Mal. (6)og–!em००) Lending grain at interest.
Sttbahdar to the court of Dehli, but in reality the payment Nelpura, Mal. (6)og-io) A store or granary for rice.
of fixed presents by the Zamindars to screen themselves Nellip4tam, Mal. (6)(*g Glo-49s०) Rent upon fields of
from induiries intotheir receiptsand other pleas forextortion. growing rice.

Na2rana-stibalidari, H. (A. ४५y०,a province) Presents made NELA, Karn. (Ge) Earth, ground, soil.
to the court by the Subahddrs or governors of prowinces. Kattaini mela, Karn. (ंब्)ं?र्रe) A good soil.
NAZt L, H. (A. J; P) lit., IDescent: in revenue language, II/asubumela, Karn. (ंं००००र्रe) A soil between red and
an escheat, escheated property in gardens and houses, any black.

874
 NEL NIC

JKem-, or Kempumela, Karn. (ठै०., ठैcं)त्ॐ०) A red soil. NEwwAL,NEwTAL, Tam. (Grप्रuLu-d), ०puagं) Weaving.
Bili-nela, or Saculu-nela, Karn. (४०ं)९र्रe), *OGeoत्रँe) We)/yarkdram, Tam. (०प्रLLut- peBrT Drॐा) A weaver.
White soil, fullers’ earth. ' ं NIAMAT, H. (A. ७:-~Aश्J) Favour, bounty ः an exaction from
Brenela,Kappumela,Karenela,or Regadinela,Karn.( āy&aॐe), the Zamindārs by the farmer of the revenue : a douceur,
?ंं०, $3र्र०, वैx०र्रe) Black goil. a benevolence.

NELLI, Tam, Mal, and Karn.(Grप्रं06), 6loge),े9) The NIAMAT, Thug. A traveller in the hands of Thugs.
emblic myrobalan (Phyllanthus emblica), NIARA, H. &c. (S. ',५ं, apart, separate) The sweep or
NEMI, Thug. A call to speak gently or walk slowly. scoria and ashes left by the melting or refining of the
NEMi RHARCH, Mar. (नेमीखचै) Fixed expenses, expenses precious metals, from which particles of them are to be
necessarily incurred, and remaining the same. recowered.

NEMNUK, Mar. (नेमगूक) Salary, stipend, allowance, pension, Nidri4, H. (५,५d) A sweep-washer, one who extracts pre
or fixed payment in money or kind from a specified source, cious metals from the dross and ashes.

granted for past or present services, or as an eguivalent NfAT, NEBUT, H. (A. ५~ं) lit., Purpose, intention; a solemn
for allowances formerly received ; also, appointment to an announcement at any religious ceremony of the intended
office or duty (from S. fनयमः, regulation, establishment) repetition of a certain number of prayers ; a vow or volun
NENGI, Karn. (त्ॐ०7\) Counterfeit coin. tary obligation to that effect.
NENTA, Karn. (त्ॐ०&3) A kinsman, a relation. NfAZ, H. (A. 2५:ं) Petition, supplication, prayer: an offering.
NEOTA, H. (S. 99ं) An invitation, also the presents sent Ni42--darjah, H. (P. ss)e) Grant of money or land to a
with the invitation, or those made by a guest. Mohammadan shrine or mosgue.
NERA, Tel., Karn. (त्रँeॐ), NERAM, Tam. (GpDia) A crime, Ni42-mand, H. (A%9AG) A petitioner, a suppliant.
a fault ः fine, penalty. -Vida-ā-rasal, H. (A. Jx५)) Offerings of food or alms in
JW6rasta, Karn. (उँeॐ.) A criminal. the name of Mohammad.

NERi, or NEnf, Beng. (८नर्जी) A female mendicant of a par
ticular sect; a female ballad-singer, or a woman who sings
at Hindu festivals.
NKRPArrAst,Mal.(6)oci-l23०) A customary fixed rentonland.
N6rpatta-chitta, Mal. (Gooata2324ls) A rent bond,
an agreement to pay a certain amount of rent, or rate of
interest.
N८/patta-्/ola, Mal. (6)ood-4936)ope-) A deed or bond
for rent or interest.
N6rpalisa, Mal. (6)Coa-la-mc/०) Ten per cent. interest.
NESAKULA, NESABipARU, Karn. (डैeं७&Se), त्रँeं७४०eॐ&o)
A particular class of bird-catchers, also employed as palan
Nagr-d-ni42, H. 9५:ं)ं) Wows and oblations, or the en
gagement on a certain day to distribute food or alms in
the name and honour of God or the prophet, or some cele
brated saints, and the fulfilment of the self-imposed obli
gation.
NIBANDHA, S. (fनबन्घः) In law, fixed or immoveable pro
perty ; also a corrody, or fixed allowance granted by the
Raja or person in authority, to be received from the proceeds
of a manufactory, mine, or estate.
NIBARTTAN, Beng. (S. निदर्जुन) A measure of land, the same
as a bijhd ः a field, each side of which is twenty poles of
ten cubits each.

kin bearers, having a broad accent, and speaking a corrupt NIBEDAN, H. &c. (S. ७o५Aj, निवेदन) A representation, a
dialect.-Karnāta. petition. Nibedam, Beng. (S. मिटदलन) Representation,
NESATI, Gu2.(ंi२{०{l) A grocer. statement, giving information respectfully.
NETUNSATI, Mal.(6)oosesap(m) A particular caste or tribe, NicH, H. &c. (S. 'ं । नीच) Low, base, outcaste : it is used
that of the Calicut Raja. in Marathi with names of castes to signify a more degraded
NETTURU-RATTU-INAMU, Tel. (ब्ंं०००ळ’soo) or inferior order, as,
Land granted as a compensation to one who has been JNich-mhanci, An inferior description of barber, whose office
wounded in the public Service (from Wettura, blood). is to shave all parts of the body and apply leeches, and
NEw, Tam., Mal. (Gryu) Oiled butter, Ghee. cupping-horns.
NEwTAL, Tam. (Gryuig ) A saltish or brackish soil, or Nich-sondr, Low jeweller ; said also to kill and eat wild
situation near the sea. animals, whether clean or unclean.
:875
 NIID
Niclº-jati, Beng. &c. (S. नीप्यनीउि) A low caste; also of a
low or impure caste.
NIDAN, H., Mar. ७ls, निदानं, from S. Viddna निदानं) Used
adverbially ; at the last, uttermost, as price or rate, &c.
Niddn-criddhi, Mar. (S. निदानवृडि) Exorbitant interest.
NIDAN, or NIRAN, Beng. (निजम) Weeding a garden or field.
Widdm{, Beng. (निजांनी) A weeding instrument, a sort
of hoe.
NID'HI, S. &c. (fनधि), Nf Df, Tam. (्रंठं) A treasure in
general : a hoard, a hidden treasure : it is used in the
South of India in deeds of conveyance for treasure-tºove ;
also IVidhdm (fनधान).
Nidhi-nikshep, Mar. (S. निधिनिक्षेप) A hoard or deposit of
treasure, &c. ः used in deeds and grants to imply the right
of the donee to all hidden treasure on the estate. See
Nikshep.
NIGADI, corruptly, NIGGU Dw, and NIGOODw, Karn. (50x०)
Instalment: fixing a period for payment ः periodical pay
ment of the gowernment assessment on an estate, or of a
tax on property, whence applied to the gowernment demand
itself; also, but corruptly, Megataj/, and Wegady, the net
surplus proceeds of an estate paid to the farmer or
owners by the occupant (the word is probably a corruption
of Nahdi, ५. v.).
NIGAHBAN, or NIGAH DAR, H. &c. (P. ७५.०५ं, 9'Asuं, from
Nijah s५G, watching or taking care of) A keeper, one who
takes care of any thing, a guardian, a guard, a watchman,
a willage watchman : under the Mohammadan government
of Bengal, an officer who inspected weights and measures
and affixed his seal to those which were correct ः in the
south, Nigdodnu, Tel. (२7ण्-णश्७०) A petty rewenue
officer.
NiGHAL, Mar. (निघळ) The grist which in grinding collects
in the hollow round the pin of the mill, and which, at the
close of the operation, is let through and ground.
NIHAL, H. (J#, निहल) Alluwial land recowered from water
COurseS.
NIJ, H. (S. 2ं, निज) Own, peculiar : used sometimes in the
sense of Wij-jot.
Nijcha, (?) Uriya, Land cultivated by the proprietors them
selves: their own cultivation.
Nijjot, corruptly, Nijote, Nedjjoot, Nedjoot, H. &c. (S.
५-';f-2, from mij and .jot, cultivation) Lands cultivated
by theTproprietors or revenue payers by themselves, and
for their own benefit ; also, land allowed to be set apart
876
NIK
for the private maintenance of a Zamindār, on which,
before the decennial settlement in Bengal, no revenue was
assessed.
Nij-taluk, H. (S. A. ुं Own taluk or estate : in
Bengal, a portion of land o which the proprietor or rent
payer collects the rents from the cultivators direct, without
any intermediate agency ; also the private lands of a Za
mindār, or those cultivated by himself for his own benefit.
Nij-talukd4r, 9'Ail-32) An independent Talukdar.
Ni.J.JA-MUDI, or -MoRAT(?) Karn. The estimated number
of moros of seed for Sowing a field with, in contradis
tinction to the actual number.
NrkAH, H. (A. श्-6ं) NIKA, Beng. (मिदंl) Marriage, legal
marriage : in Bengal the term is applied to a sort of left
handed marriage, as one contracted with a widow, or only
for a given time, considered disreputable.
Nik4h maitat, H. (A. ं.० श्-6ं) A marriage for a limited
time in consideration of a present.
Nihdh muicakkat, H. (A. ५-Gy० व्-४) A temporary mar
riage, one for a Season, but celebrated with certain forms ः
it is void in law, but not unfreguent in practice, at least
in Bengal.
NIRAf, H. (.sं) Weeding a field, the price paid for it.
NIKAL PATRA, (?) Mar. Periodical returns furnished by sub
ordinate officers, Showing what has been done in executing
orders or petitions referred to thein : (the proper meaning
of Wikal is putting out or forth, expulsion, &c.),
NIKARAM U, Tel. (5056ंOO) Net balance.
NIRAS, H. &c. (U~ं , from S. mishkasa, निष्कासं, putting
or issuing forth) The skirts or suburbs of a town, or the
outer boundary of the land belonging to it ः adjustment of
accounts, public or private : discharge of a debt ः revenue
settlement.
Nikas macis, H. (P. C~**ः a writer) An accountant, a
revenue accountant, one who examines and adjusts the ac
counts given in by the district officers.
Nikaspatr, H. &c. 9ं•ं) A statementofadjusted accounts,
or of the gross produce of an estate, receivable from the
cultivator.
Nikds tahstl, H. (UA~~～'U~ं) Statement of the gross pro
duce of an estate, or the full amount receivable from the
cultivators by the Zamindār or farmer.
Nikisi, H. &c, (.~४ं), Nikisं, Mar. (निकासू) Account of
the rewenue assessed upon an estate : transit duties, taxes
on exports, or duties lewied on goods passing out of a town
 NiK NIM

or district, or on goods brought from one place to another
and taken away again, not having been disposed of
Nikas; chithi, H. (.*७-४) A passport, a permit.
Wihd:#-hdjaj, Beng: (निदर्शन”ीदशंभञ्ज) Statement furnished
by a subordinate collector or rewenue officer of his trans
Wildmddr, H. (P. Ale, who has) Holder of an estate by
। purchase at public sale.
IWil4mkh6sta, H. (from P. &ं…b*-, desired) Balance of re
। venue short realiZed by the public sale of lands, deficit
on the sale.

actions during the year.-Jessore. NILAwA, or NILUv A, Tel. (२e)3, २eo3) Surplus balance.
Wikdsā khdm, H. (,५-७-४) Gross produce of an estate or Ni.LU, Tel. (&ं) water, "

willage, receivable from the cultivators by the Zamindār, JVillubutta, Tel. (ं) A fee paid in grain at har
according to the accounts of the Patwārf or Gumashta. vest time to the willage potter.
NiKHAT, Beng. (S. मिथङि) A ditch, especially one dug as । NILU wU, Tel. (foeoं)) The unreaped portion of a field
a boundary mark. | partly reaped.
NIKIRf, Beng. (निहिङ्गी) A class of Mohammadans in Bengal -Wilugu-amchamd, Tel. (ं)eoं७je०ॐत्ऽप्) Estimate valu
।
who live by selling fish. ation of standing erops.
NIKSHEPA, or, wernacularly, NIKSHEP, pronounced sometimes Nist, H. &e (S. P. ,ं, नीम) Half.
Nr KB EP, S. &c. (-~***, निक्षेप) A pledge, a pawn, a
deposit ; especially one which is open, or which, if sealed,
। Nim-dma, or Wim-dmi, (GlK' ं 4) Or Half an dma : an

extra cess levied formerly in Jessore ofhalf an dma in the

is specified as to its contents, in opposition to the Upa
midhi, or sealed, or unknown deposit : hoarded or hidden
treasure ; used like Widhi, or sometimes in combination
with it, as Vidhi-nikshep, in the south of India, in deeds
। rupee upon the prewious assessment of the revenue.
। Wim-dmi patiodr{, (-9'*४८4"ं) Halfan dma on the rupee
given as a fee to the willage accountant at the settlement
of the assessment.

of conveyance or in grants, to declare the right of the new Nimiii, or Nimkhdi, Mar. (निमार्ड्, निमखाई) A half share
occupant to all treasures that may be found in the soil, or concern in agricultural or commercial transactions, or
or to treaSure-trOwe. in other matters.

Nikshep-kdrak, or -kdr{, Beng. (from S. कारक -कारी, a | IV1m-hamodla, H. (*"--'ं) Half of the subdivision of an
doer) One who makes a deposit, one who pledges an estate termed J7amcttla, ५. v.
article. Nin-chauthdi, Mar. (fनमचीयाड्) lit., Half of a fourth, but
Ni I.A, vernacularly, Nf I, S. &c. (S. UAd) Indigoः blue. applied to one-fourth of the Batt{, ५. v.
Nil hothi, H. (_ं;*Uं) An indigo-factory. Wimhem, Mar. (निमके) Half a bullock or horse load ; used
Nil4r{, Mar. (नीलाग्री) An indigo-dyer. especially in regard to toll or transit duties.
(}}}UAG) An indigo-planter.
IVil-nodild, H. .N%mlail, H. (J*ं) A class of pilgrims to Jagannāth so
termed.
Nilgar, (?) H. A dyer.
IV%lukdram, Tam. (rं6oेerTDrठऴा) A dyer of blue. Nimsdli, H. (from J५०, a year) Half-yearly.
Nali, H. &c. (S. _' ं) The indigo-plant, also indigo. -Vim!dkd, IWimtankd, less correctly, Vimtaik{, or -tank{,
Niligutta, Karn. (*o9xC3.) A tax lewied on contracts for Beng. (नीष्मघ्रेiकl, -छे२कi) Halfa rupee : a fee of that amount
dyeing blue. per cent. upon the assessment allowed in Bengal, under
NILAIRUpl, Tam. (ष्ठिी&oर्कैंट,१) A settled inhabitant. the Mohammadan government, to the Kanango, and in
NILAM, corruptly, NILLUM, Tam., Mal. (pl6ota) Soil, earth, cluded amongst the authorised deductions from the revenue
ground: when used in contradistinction to IBhatmā, which to be paid by the Zamindār.
is the term usually employed in treating of the rights of Nimtdnd, Mar. (निमताना) Cutting a few handfuls of rice
the sowereign, it is applicable especially to the rights of from diferent parts of the field for the purpose ofestimating
the cultivator in the soil ; it also denotes a separate piece the whole produce by the grains contained in them ; ap
of ground or a field. plied also, laxly, to testing the accuracy of any work done
IWilattircai, Tam. (rठी69ंठंघैट्टु6-) ILand assessment. in a field by others, as the measurement, classification of
Wilacari, Tam. (rठी6ocuP) Ground rent, land tax. produce, amount of injury, &c.
soil, return of
NILAM, H. &c. %' ं, Port. Leilam) Public sale or auction. Nimthal, Mar. (निमयल, from S, स्यल) Going shares in a
|
877 छ D
 NIM
field: division of produce between the owner and cultivator:
a half share of a field or its produce.
Nimthand, Mar. (निमयाना) Waluation of a crop after it is
cut, by counting the sheaves, and then selecting three from
among them, apparently the fullest, poorest, and middling,
and taking the average produce of the three as that of the
whole number of sheaves.
NIMANDAM, incorrectly, NIMINDUM, Tam. (r)Lafyंठta)
Labour in general, especially laborious service in temples,
as carrying images, lights, &c.
NIMAR, Hindi (निमर) Hawing lost its fertility, land.
NIMASHAM, H. (P. •५*५ ं) Time of evening prayer, soon
after Sunset.
NiNA, (?) H. Low land capable of being flooded, and suited
to rice cultivation.-IDinajpur.
NIPorf, Mar. (fनपोटी, from fन, not, and पोट, the belly)
Service in which the person must maintain himself out of
his wages ः in the Rajapur district, Vipot; Italpaye (निपोटी
रूपये) implies that daily food is allowed in addition to wages.
NIPANJA, NIPANJi, Mar. (fनपणजा -जी) The grandfather or
grandmother of a grandfather.
Ni RA, Mal. (Cºlo) A weight of one hundred palams: a
weight in general ; adj. in composition, full.
Nirachalaca, Mal. (C6lo 2-43).o-I) Full or heaped-up
ImeaSunTe.
Nirandri, Mal. (C?)०Copº) A small heaped-up measure.
Nirapara, Mal. (C)०a-l०) A full measure or 1?d?’d,
especially one of corn, presented to the proprietor of an
estate annually by the tenant.
Ni RA, S. (नीण), adopted in all the dialects, as Nf R, H. (9*ं),
Beng.(नीत), Mar. (नीग्),Tam. (f), श्रृण्ta), Mal. (oºlo)
Ni RU, Tel. and Karn. (२ॐ०) Water.
JVirdnikam, Tam. (्रDrT८ठट्रेट्,ं) A willage peon super
intending the water-courses.
JV{ramālai, Tam. (्रDrंo) Marshy ground.
N1rdmambd?n, Tam. (ं,णrTप्रta-ltā) Wet lands, lands ir
rigated artificially for rice cultivation.
Nirattiper, Mal. (oºlfosh6)a-l(o) The ceremony of giving
water at the time of transferring an estate, either upon
mortgage or sale, by which the bargain is ratified.
Miragante, or Virujante, commonly pronounced Wirgant{,
Karn. (२९४x० ं, २ं७x०र्र्) A willage officer who su
perintends the distribution of water for irrigation.
Nirdicatipairu, Karn. (२९०ब्33ई०5ं७) Corn grown by
irrigation.
878
NIR।
Nirddakal, Tam. (्रGDTrGकैerrd) Low lands over
which the surplus waters of a willage are discharged.
JNirerumadu,Tam. (्र3DrंbgplLaG) High lands that cannot
be irrigated.
IWirkal, Tam. (्रयैकैerा 60) A water-course, a channel for
irrigation.
Nirhanam, Mal. (Cºleं6)9०००) Ratification of a deed of
transfer of hereditary landed property by the proprietor’s
pouring water into the hand of the purchaser or mortgagee.
-Mirmutal, incorrectly, Neer lfoodil, Mal. (oºla(Jea) A
further step in the total transfer of hereditary landed pro
perty, in which, on consideration of an additional advance
from the temant, the proprietor, with the consent of the
next heir, parts with as much more of his rights as makes
seven-eighths of the whole ; the ' water ’ here is used ap
parently typically, the property (mutal) in it being made
ower to the new master. See JKudima-mār.
AWirpd/chumainiyam, Tam. (्रेrt_LrTLLढैe Larrठ्ठटी
u-Ita) Rent-free land watered from a public reservoir.
JV1rsdo?, Tam. (r Drठैrra-f) IDestruction of crops from
deficiency of water.
-Virugatri, Karn. (ंJeंoxडॆ) An instrument placed at the
sluice ofa reservoir, which cuts roots, grass, &c., that might
otherwise choke the passage.
JNirucati, Karn. (ंo९CO33) Wet cultivation, as that of rice.
JWillubutta, Tel. (ं0%०००: ं, from &१०, plur. of ई०ं७) A
basket for throwing up *a from' ँ well or pond for
irrigating a field.
Ara-nir, Tam. (9p, without) Water allowed to flow for
irrigation in greater or less abundance, according to the
quantity in the reservoir, usually from the beginning of
June to the end of August.
J/urai-nār,Tam. (५०००p्रयैः, from, (५००००p, turn) Water
allowed to flow in turn, for a fixed term, to the fields of
each cultivator, from about the beginning of April to
the end of May.
Pera-m??’, Tam. (from ०-'(T), plentifully) Water allowed to
flow without limitation during the rainy season, or from the
beginning of September to the end of March, or thereabouts.
NIRAI,Tam.(्ठी&ुpp)Weightingeneral,aweightof I00palams.
Ni RALI, (?) Mar. A low caste whose occupation is dyeing
cloths of dark colours, or manufacturing indigo.
NIRAN, or NIDAN, Beng. (निजन) Weeding a field or garden.
NIRANJAN, Beng. (S. निह*ञ्जम) Casting an image into the
water after a festival dedicated to its worship.
 NIR
NIRAPARADHf, Beng. (S. निह१ङ्गींी) Innocent, acguitted, NIRwEDHABHoGA, S. (निर्वेधभोग:) Undisturbed possession, as
(fiom fनर, not, and अपराध, fault), the ground of a title to property.
NIRBADHA-BHooA, (S. निवॆाधभोग) In Hindu law, uninter
rupted or undisputed possession, conferring a title to
property.
NIRDHANA, S. &c. (निर्णं, mot, and धन, wealth) Poor : in
law, a person not entitled to hold property, as a slave, an
idiot, &c.
NIRDosH, S. &c. (from fनरं, not, and दोष, fault) Free from
blame, not guilty.
NIRGAT, Mar. (S. fनरं, out, and गतः, gone) Gone or taken
out, exported : duty or custom on exports.
NIRINDRIvA, S. (निरं, not, and इन्द्रियं, an organ of sense)
One who has lost or was born deficient in some one of
his organs of sense, and is thereby, in law, disgualified
for inheritance.
Nirindriya, S. (fem. of the preceding) A female, or the
female sex : deficient in organic vigour.
NIRJALAIRADAsi, S. (निर:, not, जलं, water, टकादशी, eleventh)
The eleventh lunar day of the dark half of Jyeshtha,
on which so strict a fast is observed that ewen water is
not to be sipped.
NIRKH, corruptly, NERCH, NERK, or NIRK, H. (P. श्-*),
NIRAKH, Mar. (fनरख), Tel. (50ॐ3C) Price, rate, tarifi,
price-current, market rate or price : district or pargama
rate of price, or of revenue payments, the standard rate at
which the lands of a willage or district are assessed : rate
of exchange.
Nirkhbandi, H. (.**श्-9) A document in which rates or
prices are recorded, a table of rates, a price-current.
Nirkhddrogha, H. (A. *39le) A clerk of the market, an
officer who regulates the prices at which articles are sold
in a public market.
Nirhhi, H. (…*9ं), Nirkhya, Mar. (निरख्या) An officer
who fixes or records the prices of articles.
Nirkhndma, H. (P. &०b) A tariff a price-current, a table NISHIPATTi, IBeng. (S. निषड्)ि Accomplishment, settlement,
of prices or rates.
NiRU, Tam. (ं g9) ILime slaked and reduced to powder. NISSAR, Thug. Safe, Secure ; as a residence, a village, a
NIRUTTARA, S. &c. (fनरूच्हणं) Having no answer, making no ।
defence.
NIRWANSA, S. (निर्वैशं) Extinct, as a family ; being without
family or descendants ; unclaimed, as property to which
there are no heirs.
NIrwISHTA, S. &c. (निवैिष्ट) Profit, wages, interest; gain by
usury, agriculture, or Service.
879
NIS
NISAB, H. (A. ५--''~i) Capital, property ः in law, such an
amount of property, whether in money, goods, or cattle, as
being capable of increase, is liable to the payment of
2ihdit or legal alms.
NISAR, H. (9ं) Money thrown amongst the people at pro
cessions or at festivals. _
NISP, H. &c. (A. -*~ं) Half a half, a moiety.
Nisfºjamd, H. (A. e*- , rent) Half rewenue assessment,
latterly levied on the holders of resumed rent-free tenures.
Nisf-khirdj, H. (A. ह्)*-ः। tax) Half assessment, remission
of fifty per cent. on the revenue.
NISHADA, S. &c. (निषाद:) An outcaste, applied by Manu to
the son of a Brahman by a Sttdra female, but generally
to any degraded caste, and especially to wild and barbarous
tribes inhabiting forests and mountains in various parts
of India.
NISHAN, H. (P. ७५*ं) A sign, a mark, an emblem, a signet,
an ensign, a flag.
Wishdmbardair, H. (P. 9'e)ं) A flag-bearer.
IWishdn-i-JDirudm, or Dingdmi, H. (७'*e ) The official mark
or stamp of the Dinpdin, or of his office : the official mark
and date endorsed on a royal grant made in the Dijpdn's
office upon its being registered in his records.
Nishan-ā-hugir-nacis, H. (A. P. U~ं;9;4-) The official
mark with the date and attestation of registry made by
the Wasim, upon the back of a royal grant after the
IVishdm-i-TDingdmi has been affixed
NISHRA, S. &c. (निष्क) A weight ofgold, of varying amount.
NISHKAR, Beng. (S. निमुन) Exempt from tax.
NISH KRAMAN, H. &c. (S. ७9***, निष्क्रमण) Going out,
taking an infant out of the house for the first time, in the
fourth month, when certain ceremonies are to be per
formed.
decision, award.
place to commit murder, &e.
NISTAR, H. &c. (99.~~', निस्तारं) Release, acguittal ; rescue :
salvation.
NISUDD'HI, incorrectly, NISU DI, corruptly, NEESIIOODw, Tel.
(७)98, S. fनशुडि, purification) A mutual acguittance
or release ; settlement of an account ; relinguishment of a
right or claim.
 NIT
NrrANTAGNvA, Beng. (S.निजनुिष्वि, from नितान्तं, final, and
चमाशा, order) Sentence, verdict, decree.
NITAR, Hindi (निटर) Poor, worn out by over culture-land.
NiTI, S. &c. (नीति) Polity, ethics, justice.
NiTU-ASARABHU MI, Tel. (*o&3oe9७०ण्४०o-e२७, ? for 50ॐo,
or the inflex. &ं) A field or land dependent for irri
gation upon proximity to a tank or river.-NorthernSarkārs.
IVitukttluga, Tel. (ंo&3oseeo3) A water-course, a malla
(see the last).-Northern Sarkārs.
NrrvA, S. &c. (नित्य), sometimes vernacularly, Nrr, as H.
(५-J), Mar. (नित, but more correctly, नित्य), NITTIyA,
Tam. (plट्टै्ठीu-) Constant, inwariable, eternal: NITTI
wAM (adverbially), always, eternally.
Nitya harma, or Witya karm, or Wit-harm, S. &o.( नित्य
कम्मे) Fixed and। constant duty : the observance of pre
scribed rites and ceremonies, daily, or at defined periods,
in opposition to Waimittika karma, or ceremonies per
formed occasionally, and at the pleasure of the parties.
(नित्यदत्तकपुत्र:) A son adopted Nop, Beng. (८नोज्) Alloy, adulteration, a debased coin.
-Wityadattaka, or d.-putra, S.
in a regular and legal manner, who thereby becomes a NopI, or NoT, Mal., Tam. (Grप्रT।१ ) A small measure of
son for ever.
Nitti/ttpadi mog/ini, Tam. (plंठीLLLI6.6LorTu-hcटी)
Daily allowance in money for ceremonies in a temple.
Nitya8rdddha, S. &c. (fनत्यश्राझ) The prescribed obseguial
sacrifices to deceased progenitors, and the manes in general.
NIvADA, NrvARA, or NI wARA, Mar. (निवाडT) Settlement,
adjustmenta decision, especially on a disputed point. Tel.
(Peय`०) Settlement of revenue : revenue accounts: se
tlement of accounts with the cultivators, or determination
of the proportions in which the growing crop is to be
diwided.
AVirdra patra, Mar. (निवाडपच) A written judgment or |
award, or the document recording it.
NivARA, S. &c. (नीवार) Rice or other grain growing with
or without cultivation ; also, Nicdra-dhdng/am (from
dhain/am, grain),
NrvARAN-PATRA, Mar. (निवारणपत्र, from S. fनवारण, pro
hibiting) A prohibitory mote to one employed to demand
payment of debts.
NIvARTTAN, Mar. (S. fनवझेन, lit., turning back) A mea
।sure of land, 20 stuare Wansas, or 4000 sGuare cubits.
Nivr, Karn. (S. 50९२) Capital, stock.
Nrvम्SANArt', Tel (S. ॰व्**ं99) Ground to the extent of
2400 feet s५uare.
NIWAMAy or NIWAyr, also, vernacularly, Npyr, H. (**ं), Mar. | NUKsAN, incorrectly, NoksAS, H. (A. ७५4ं) Loss injury,
88{)
NUK
(नेम), S. &c. (नियम) Fixed institute or observance : esta
blished practice: a rule or regulation, a statute : an agree
ment, a contract or engagement : also, Wi/dma, but less
usually.
Niyama, or Niyama harttd, S. (from कर्त्ते, maker) A law
maker, a legislator : the legislature.
Niyamapatra, S. &c. (नियमपच) A deed of agreement or
assent, a contract, a written engagement.
Niyati, S. &c. (fनयति) Rule, regulation, fixed or established
practice.
NrvodA, S. &c. (नियोग) An appointment, a delegated duty
or office.
Niyoga dharma, S. (नियोगधम्मै) Official duty or occupation ः
in one sense, the appointment of a kinsman to raise up
issue by the wife of a childless husband, or one deceased
without leawing children.
Niyukta, S. &c. (नियुक्तः) Appointed, delegated; a fnnctionary,
an appointed or delegated representative.
time, about four seconds.
NoKrcHARTTA, Mal. (6)cope66)4a-lpoo) Statement of survey
or computation from inspection of the ५uantity of seed
reguired for sowing a field.
NoNCHA, Hindi (नोनचा) Lands abounding with saline matter.
NoNDHA, Gu2. (ett०a) A note-book, a memorandum, a bill
book in which articles are entered in the order Sold.
Non, Mar. (नोर) Passage-money for persons or goods, fare,
freight.
NoTA, Karn. (ंॐ,०&3), NoTrAM, Mal. (6)Cops०) Seeing,
| looking at, inspection, examination ; inspection and ex
changing ofcoins,shroffage; also, conjuring, fortune-telling.
or sorcery. In Tam. Nottam, from Nokka, sight, ap
plies to the examination of coins.
Notagdra, Karn. (ॐ०&ं7ज्ठँ) An officer who keeps the
money accounts of a willage ; also, a money-changer : a
conjuror, a fortune-teller.
Nottaharippa, Mal. (6)००93-66)ंीg-i) Counterfeit coin.
Nottahdram, Mal. (6)Copse96)9(ort) A money-changer.
NUAPILA-CHARIIBAR, Uriya (jवां२६|६६|6) Abandoning
a new-borm infant.
NUGAyr, Tam. (EGta) A yoke for oxen (vernacular cor
ruption of S. H”udam)
NU KA, Tel. (ंज४) Grain of any kind when half ground.
।
 NUL ODH

deficiency : loss upon alienated lands, deficit in the revenue
returns.
Nulsdn-i-fihish, H. (A., from U*-G, shameful) Gross in- |
adeguacy of price of an article sold, which, according to
some lawyers, if effected by an agent, annuls the sale.
NUL, Tam., Mal. (En60),Nt LU,Tel.,Karn.(ंग”99) Warn,
cotton-thread.
Nitlaita, Nitlhe, or Willike, Karn. (ऽऽप्Oगळ&3, आ' ं,
| NtskHA, H. (*“) A copy, an example, a specimen or
draught of a writing, &c.
। NUZt L, NooZooI, H. (A. J; P) IDescent : property which।
falls to the state from default of heirs, an escheat.
NyASA, vernacularly, NwAs, S. &c. (न्यास) A deposit, a pledge.
NyAT, or NyATI, Mar. (न्यात, न्याति, corruption of S. Jnditi।
ज्ञाति) Caste, kind, sort.
NyAwA, vernacularly, NiA0, NIAi, H. ७५ं, ५.s५C) S. &c.

&ऽा-५0ठं) Spinning. (याय) Propriety, fitness, reasoning, logic : in common use

IVailuoarditme, Karn. (ंशश्eoऽणवं) A cotton-spimning it freduently also denotes justice or judgment.
wheel. N/dyddhikdra, or adhipati,S. &c.(न्यायाधिकार:,न्यायाधिपति)
Naal6 Vilacal), Karn. (ंशांशव्ठै,ंश’eoॐ१०) A Tel. (त्ऽां8००Oांॐं9) A judge, a magistrate.

spinning-woman. W/dyddhā8a, corruptly, IWiadhis, W/aeedaish, Mar. (S. न्या

Nultup{, Mal. (Co,(ob(D००?) Cotton cloth, calico. याधीशा) A magistrate, a judge.
NULI, Karn. (Kºcं)) Any kind of hempen or coirstring or rope. N/d/ddhi:{, Mar. (S. नपायधीशी) Magistracy, the office or
NUM BERDAR, or, more commonly, LUMBERDAR, ५. v., H. function of a judge.
9-8-*G, the English word * number,’ with P. ddr, who N/dmar, Hindi (न्यामड) A tree that has sprung up of itself
has) The title of the person or persons in a village who in a cultivated field, and which the cultivator may cut
down.
represent the community in their financial dealings with the
gowernment, and who are registered in the collectors’ books
O.
by a number as well as by name.
Number-karamain, used in Tam. (ryLa–‘फैट्EDroणta) A । OBBII)I, Tel. (Cog०) Treading out corn, threshing by
willage accountant in some of tho Tamil districts, who was means of cattle.

paid by a salary, and was mumbered and registered in the | ODA, Karn. (&०ॐ), Op º M, Tam. (gº-ta) A boat, a ferry-boat.
collectors' books when the establishment of Such account | Odaddr, Karn (&oॐ7ज्ठं) A ferryman.
ants was first formed. । OpAI, Tam. (gP०००-) A water-course, a tank, a ditch.
2Vamberrrdr-laharad6ं,or -hhardd, Mar. (नंबरवारखण्डा, from OpAN, or ORAN, or ONI). Mar. (सोडण, चोर्ड) Deep, sunk
hhardd, a diary) A record kept by the village accountant ।capable of holding water, as ground fit for rice cultivation.
in the Dakhin of the fields of the willage he is attached ।| ODANA, or ODAN, S. &c. (ओदन) Boiled rice.
to, their Guality, cultivation, and other particulars of the | ODAvARAst,more correctly,UnAvARAst,Tam.(62-61-rTDrth)
state of the village, according to a regular system of num Actual gross produce.
bering. ODE, Or ORRE, Tel. (&o6) A rick of corn, or a small pile
Nt N, or Nos, H. (J;, from S. lacana) Salt. just cut with the sickle.
|

Natmchai, H. (Lर्क्'*,
from S. चय, a heap) A factitious | ODEwA, ODEvAvA, or ODIvA, or, as used honorifically in the
salt made of the ashes of burnt straw prewiously steeped plur., and as nsually pronounced, WoDEyAR, or WoDIvA,
.

in brine, and used to adulterate culinary salt.
Wa4mid, H. (५ं;) A maker of, or dealer in, salt ; a salt
petre maker.
Numer, H. 9*. नुनेर) Saline, as Soil.
Nt NE, Tel. (CC"त्) Oil, as ready for use.
Nt RBAF, H. (P. ५-9५);) A Mohammadan weaver, especially |
of fine cloth like the Dacca muslin.
Ntnu, Tel. (ंCOगंC) Threshing or treading out grain.
NUSATRi, H. (A. ८.3A4i) A Mohammadan who believes in the
divinity of Afli.
Karn. (Co&०७०, ?o&०७०:ॐ, Cot४०७०, &o&०७०ॐo) A
lord, a chief a ruler, a sovereign.
| OpHAN, Mar. (स्रोढणं) The balance of a closed account car
| ried forward and placed at the head of one newly opened ः
| descent (of a belief, practice, usages, &c.) through several
generations.
| Odhambdiki, incorrectly, Odambaki, Mar. (A. ८*१, remain
| der) Balance of account carried forward from year to year,
especially in rewenue matters, &c. : account with the cul
tivators.

881 #) E
 ODI OLA

ODI, pronounced WoDI, Karn. (Coe) A division of a rice (८oंecee*ं७००eo) A slave, especially a predial or ag।ri
field. _
cultural slave, a labourer (dlu) attached to the revenue
OnorvA, Uriya (७2a५l, S. चोद्र) The people, language, &c., (jamnd) lands.-Coorg. Correctly speaking, there are two
of Orissa. chief classes of slaves recognised in the prowince-EBhaimi
OGAL, (?) Hindi. Buck wheat.-Kamaon. .jamad-dlu, and Okkalaःjamad-dilu ः the first are attached
OGAnuvuwtrA, Tel. (Coxं99ंNग***) An allowance of to the land (bhttmi), and only transferable with it ; the
grain given to the measurers of the crop. second are the personal property of their possessors, and
OGAT, GuZ. (*tuouu८) Remains of grass left by cattle on a may be sold or mortgaged at pleasure.
field. OKKANA, Tel. ( ं-६०), OKKANE, OKKANIKE, Wok KAN E,
oooA, Karn. (Co?ष्व्) Seed for sowing. &c. Karn. (Coं, १oं) The honorific title placed
OGHA, vernacularly, OGH, S. &c. (सोघ) A torrent, a strong at the top of a letter or petition.
current or Stream. OKKULA, Karn. (Coंe) A measure of grain containing
07hal, Mar. (ओोघल) A small stream, a rill, a rivulet ; also, 7l lb. 4 oZ. avoirdupois.
a rawine. OL, Mar. (चलोल) Moisture, damp.
OGU DU, Tel. (८OK०ॐ७) The straw of the great millet. Old, Mar. (सोला) Moist, humid.
OH DAH, more correctly, UH DAH, q. v. H. (A. ४.x५.c), ODHo, Olachd, Mar. (चोलाचा) Cultivated, produced, &c., without
GuZ. (२ºtuधतः) An office, whether civil or military. irrigation or rain, from the inherent humidity of the soil.
Ohdahdd?’, incorrectly, Odaddr, correctly, Uhdalidir, GuZ. Olddukal, or -kdl, Mar. (लोलाहुकल, -काल) A famine, the
Odheddr, H. (P. 9'e , who has) An office, a functionary, conseduence of excessive rain.
a public servant, whether civil or military. OL, H., Mar. (सोल , J) Personal bail or security, a hostage,
O.JAN, Beng. (७ञ्जनं, corruption of J}, mcacan) Weight, a surety.
ImeaSU1re. Oli-dg, Mar. (सोलीसाग, lit., wet fire) Any calamity occa
Ojanddr, Beng. (७ञ्जमालोक्) A weighman. sioned by superabundant moisture, as a flood, &c.
O.JHA, H. (५-9, स्रोझा) The title of the head priest of the | OLA, corruptly, OoL, OLLy, Mal. (6३ea), OLAl, Tam. (ंo),
temple of Waidyandith, at Deo//arh in IBirbhatm. A con OLE, Karn. ( 9) The leaf of any kind of palm, espe
juror, a sorcerer. Beng. (७३n) A snake-catcher, one | cially, though not exclusively, applied to the leaf as used
who pretends to cure snake bites, and cast out evil spirits | for writing upon.
by charms, Uriya (७६) A schoolmaster : the signature Olapura, Mal. (sse-ig-ifo) A house thatched with leaves.
of a certain caste. Olapedi, Mal. (sse-16fi-ls) A box in which title deeds
O.J.JA, Tel. (Coं) A teacher, a priest. " or other documents written on olas, or palm leaves, are
OKATi, Mar. (चोकती) An apparatus for drawing water from preserved.
a well, the transverse beam and stone weight ; also the Olaihaidu, Tam. ($&60GGr-G) An umbrella or covering
bucket. of palm leaves to keep off rain.
OKIL, Beng. and Uriya (sदिश्ल, corruption of Walil) An Pattolai, Tam. (- --6-ITebo) An edict or official order,
agent, an attorney any thing written upon palm leaves from dictation.
Okalat, Beng. and Uriya (७कीनड, corruption of IWahalat) OLAGA, Karn. (&oex) An assembly, a meeting, holding a
Agency, representative, acting as agent or attorney. darbdr, or levee, a meeting in a kachhari, for public
OKKALIGA, or OKKALU, pronounced WoKKALIGA and WoK business : in the latter sense it is also written Odddlaga
KALU, WUCCALOO, Karn. (८oं9x, ८oं७) A culti
(Coं०९०x),
vator, a farmer, a tenant of the soil, an inhabitant. OLA5E, OLASE, OLISE, Karn. (Coe)ळै, ८o०ई०,८og)ई०) Mi
Okkalatama, or Wokkalatama, Karn. (Coंध3ं) Husbandry, | gration of the people ofa district through fear of war, pes
cultivation ; residence, residing. tilence, &c.
Okkalihamame, or IWolikalihamane, Karn. (ं9००० ) OLA-UTHA, Beng. (७लोज़्ठे) Spasmodic cholera (from oia,
A farm-house, any occupied or inhabited house. । descent, and uthdं, rising), upward and downward evacu
Okkalujumad-dlu, corruptly, I'ucctiloo.junamed-aloo, Karn. .| ations.
:B82
 OLE OTT

OLEKARA, Karn. (C99०० ँ) A servant, an armed 1)eon. OR, H. 9)) Boundary, limit, way, direction.
0LI, Tel. (&oं)) A marriage portion, what is given to a ORA, OHARA, Mar. (स्रोणा, स्रोहरा) One of the portions of a
wife at her marriage by her relations, and conseguently field which are ploughed separately by concentric turns of
becomes her peculiar property. _ the plough.
0LU, Karo- (&eo) A pledge, a hostage, a ransom. । ORAPU, Karn. (2oॐ30) Elbbing, going down : a ridge in a
0.UGU, Tam. ($(!gC) An account kept by the willage ||
_ paddy field : a channel.
accountant of the measurement and extent of the fields com | ORAwI, ORAwU, ORAwR, Karn. (2cॐ२, 2cॐa७), &oॐ ँ) A
|
posing a village. marsh or swamp ; surplus water running from a tank.
0yr, S. &c. (सोम) The mystic monosyllable to be uttered pre Oracinahola, Karn. (&oॐ२७ॐvee) A swampy field.
wiously to any prayer, but so as not to be owerheard by ORRE, Tel. (&o प्ं) A heap of unthreshed grain.
ears profane ; supposed to consist of three letters, a, u, m, ORUKA, Mal. (6*:Pce) An account of lands and gardens in
combined, being types of the three Wedas, or of the three | which the boundaries are specified.
great divinities, Brahmad, Wishmat, and Sica. ORUKAL, Mal. (6३g*८6x(ob) Flowing or running of water.
Oy RARA, S. &c. (चमोंकारं) The mystical syllable Om : see Orukka, Mal. (63{*८96) A current, a stream.
the last. Os, Mar. (ओस) Deserted, a village ; uncultivated, neglected,
0MBf, Mar. (सोबी) An ear of wheat. land.

0xpA, or WANpA, corruptly, WooNDA, Mar. (ओडेा, वंडा) A OsA, Mar. (चोसा) A blank spot in a corn-field.
billet, a log of wood. OsUL, Uriya (७gR, corruption of foastil) Payment, collec
Onddpatti, corruptly, IWoondaputt्/, Mar. (सोईापट्टी) A tax tion ; realiZed as a debt or as revenue.
imposed in commutation of the labour of cutting logs for OswAL, Hindi (चीसबाल) The name of a tribe of Jains, chiefly
gowernment uSe_ merchants and bankers.

OsDU, Karn. (ं9०ॐ9) Alluvial deposit, sediment, soil. OTARi, less correctly, WoTARi, Mar. (सोताग्री) A braaier, a
ONGALU, Karn. (Co०Keo) An offering by farmers in a । caster of vessels of bell-metal, also of brass idols.
field before harvest. । OTBANDi, (?) Mar. Payment of a fixed amount for the use
0PPA, Mal. (6ag–), OPPAM, Tam. (Guit-lth) Signature, of each plough and pair of bullocks.-Khandesh. Beng.
subscription, a certificate. (७षॆवन्मी) Settlement of rent to be paid for cultivating
Oppachdram, Tam., Karn. ($L-IIT erTDrta) A contract, waste land. See Utbamdi.

an engagement, a bond. OTI, Mal. (6*5l) A piece of rice-ground.

Oppandam,Tam. (Gul-' [ो,ंठta), Oppanda,Karn. (&ं8० ॐ) OTTADAM, (?) Tam. A crop cultivatedjointly with other crops
A compact, an agreement, a contract. on the Same land.
Oppitta, Karn. (Coं83.) Consent, agreement, Signature, OrrAI,Tam.($14-co--) A Span between the tipsof the thumb
Subscription. and forefinger extended.
0ppittadahdjada,Karn. (Coं6.ॐ०व्)x ॐ) A signedpaper, OrTAM, Tam. ($--ta) A conical pile of earth left by
an executed deed or bond. tank diggers as a measure of the depth to which they
Oppumoli, or -moshi, Tam. ($LL-GuarT५) A written have dug.
agreement between two parties. Ottap, Tam. (Gu--ॐण), Karn. Odda, or Oddaraca,
Oppakamam, also read Opakanam, Mal. (ं-(*१०००) pronounced IWodda (Coं, १oं७३) A ditch or tank dig
Fee or present given on execution and signature of docu ger, a stonecutter. See the next.
ments relating to sale or mortgage of land. Ottiyam, Tam. ($ -५+u-d) The country to the north।
kaiy0ppam, Tam. (coxe:Gu-rTLLita) Signature, certifi of Madras, whence the tank diggers come, or, in fact,
cate, the act of authenticating a document by Subscription, Orissa ; the Odhra of Sanskrit, the Uriya of the cur
or the document subscribed. 1
rent dialect, whence the people employed in this kind of
Oppadi-tugaj/6du, Tam. (Gul-n9-८,०००eaGu-G) Abstract |। labour in the south of India are said to have originally
statement shewing receipts, disbursements, and balance in । । COIIne.

hand. OTTAM, Tam. ($--ta) A contract, an agreement.

888
 OTT
Odambadike, Tel. (८oॐ ०००TR) A contract, an agreement,
a bond.
OTTr, corruptly, OOTTw, Tam. ($ंठी, 5ं)p), Mal.
(6३००)), Karn. (००9.) A pledge, a pawn, a mortgage :
in Malabar it especially designates a usufructuary mort
gage, or one in which, for consideration of a sum ad
vanced on loan, the borrower makes ower the land of which ।
he is the hereditary proprietor to a temporary occupant,
who receives the rent or profits in lieu of interest on his
loan, paying the difference, ifhis receipts exceed the interest,
to the proprietor : the borrower or lender may transfer the
occupancy to a third party, under certain conditions, but
the latter is not at liberty to sell it, and is responsible for
any damage done to the trees on the estate. The term is
also sometimes used for the document of assignment or
mortgage-deed. (Although written Otti by all the best
authorities, it is also written in Tam. and Mal. Orri, and
Orpi। (Gºpp) , 6३०c?)), both, llowever, being always pro- |
nounced Ottt. In Mal. it also occurs, at least in compo- |
sition, Atti, Otti, with the initial short vowel, or o, and
cerebral t. See Attiper : (in Tam. and Karn. the t is
dental),
Ottidratyam, Mal. (685ी७०-!)०, from S. दव्य, wealth) The
money advanced on usufructuary mortgage.
Ottikamparam, corruptly, Ott/-hoomprom, Mal. (6850
०6xCo-Jo०) A Subseduent transaction, in which, for a fur
ther loan, the proprietor abandons finally to the mortgagee
two-thirds of his hereditary rights and authority ower the
eState.
Ottikaramam, Mal. (635leefo०००) The deed or instrument
conveying the property to the mortgagee. _ PACH BHEvA, Thug. A sect or division of the Thugs.
Ottikurikdnam, less correctly, JKulikdnam, Mal. (6अ3he96)
श्रीco26०००) A mortgage in which it is conditioned either
that the occupant shall be at liberty to relinguish the
estate without charge for dilapidations, ten per cent. of
the principal loan being deducted to cover all injuries, or
that the owner may reclaim it when he pleases ; in which।
case he is to pay for any additional plantations or other
improwements. _ lation, Kushtha (Costus indicus, or, as forming a new
Ottikondacam, Mal. (68506)८6x96`so-Jrt) A mortgagee, lit..
the purchaser of a freehold.
Ottiper, or Attiper, Mal. (685l6a-l०, ७०ड़ी6a-l०) Free
hold hereditary property : it is used laxly for the absolute
transfer of such property.
O!!iporai-nir, (Mal. C?)(०, water) Ratification of an abso
:B84
PAC
| lute and final transfer of hereditary property, by the pro
prietor pouring a little water into the hand of the purchaser.
। Ottiperrola, and Ottiper,ola-karanam, Mal. (Ottipec, or
4ttiper, as abowe, ola (695-!), a palm leaf, and karamama
(cofo०००), a deed) The written and executed deed by which
a hereditary property is absolutely sold; hence, also, the
title-deeds of an estate.
| OT"U, Karn. (3oं) Whole, total, aggregate amount.
। ottachakachari,Karn(००ं9a्र6a*९०) The chief post office.
| Ottug/uttije, Karn. (2oंG)KS3.7) The entire assessment.
! 0ffuj _ 2o*39agंb०ऽऽग्व्ॐ०६०) The
ttujameyddahamga, Karn. (?9ंP _
total collection of the revenue of a district.
OwA, Tel.(2o3) Cut corn, but unthreshed.
OwANDA, OwANDA, vulgarly, WowANDA, Mar. (स्रीवंडा) The
holding and cultivating oflands which lie beyond the lands
of the willage in whicb the cultivator resides ; also the lands
so held and cultivated: hence the carrying on of any business
at a distance, or part in one place and part in another.
|
Ongamdekar{, corruptly, IWorcand kurree, Mar. (सोर्वडकरी)
A person living in one place and cultivating land in another.
P.
PA, H. &c. (५, abbreviation of Paida, ५. v.) A foot, a leg.
Paiyah, H. (P., from ७७५ ?//[ftam, to find) Fordable, a ford.
PACHA KA, S. &c. (पाचक) Causing to come to maturity ; also,
digestive, cooking, dressing ; subst., a cook.
PACHAR, (?) H. The designation of the lands and villages
lying farthest from the banks of the Jamuna in the district
of Etawa.
PACHCHAI)AM U, vulgarly, PATCH, Tel. (ं9ंॐं००) A par
ticular kind of cotton cloth, generally twenty-four cubits
long and two broad : two cloths joined together.
PACHCHA KU, pron. PATSAKU, vulgarly, PUTCHUCK, or PUT
SAK, Tel. (ंलंC) lit., A green leaf but applied espe
cially to an aromatic plant long cultivated in India, and
thence exported by the ancients under its Sanskrit appel
genus, Aucklandia costus verus).
PACH H, H. (-६-५) Inoculation. inoculating.
PACHHAL, Uriya (9Gश्R) A place where saline earth is
prepared.
। PAct Kf, Mar. (पचकी) A small copper coin eduivalent to a
|
JDam?’i, or fourth of a Paisa.
 PAC
PACHPAcH, Hindi (पञ्चपच) Soft or plashy, as soil ; rotten
vegetable matter and mud.
PACHwAf, or PACHwi, corruptly, PUCHwwE, H. (.sl,:,
५.***) An intoxicating drink prepared from the fermenta
tion of rice or other grains steeped in water.
PAD, vulgurly, IPAU D, (?) Mar. A measure of land egual
to twenty hdithis.
PAD, PADA, PADA, S., but occurring in all the dialects (पद्,
पद:, पाद:), the word also occurs, vernacularly modified
in various forms, as, PA, PAf, PANw, pron. PAox, H.
(५, ५*५ । *ं), PA, Beng. (*ti), PA, PAUL, Mar. (पा,
पाञ्जल) A foot, a footstep. Pada, &c. have other mean
ings also, among which Pdda, implies a fourth, a guarter,
the Only sense properly attributable to its modifications, as
PAf, Beng., Mar. (श्रीरॆ, पाई), PAE, Uriya (a॥१), and PAo,
H. ७५), but these terms are used with great laxity, and
often, in their derivatives and compounds,imply also, a foot.
JPdda-kdmihai, Tam. (Lrrgerrठ्ठटीकै&ुe) An offering
to the feet, applied to a contribution paid to the Guru, or
head of a religious establishment.
JPdddrg/kya, vernacularly, JPaddrgh, or Pddarjh, corruptly,
JPudaruch, Pudarg/, H. &c. (S. ~ं)'-५, -9'e५० पादाध्यै)
A respectful offering of curds, honey, &c., to a guest or
Brahman ; lit. an arghya, or offering to his feet, whence
it has come to signify also an assignment of rent-free land
to a Brahman, a religious person, or a religious establish
ment : in the north-west it is said to be a grant of rent
free land to similar objects made by a Zamindār, and for
the revenue of which he continues responsible.
JPadata, Paddti, Padatiha, S. &c. (पदात, पदाfत, पदाfतकं,
from pada, a foo) A footman, a foot-soldier, an armed
retainer or messenger, whence the vernacular Pidda, and
JPdi/', and the English Peon, ५. v.
JPada-candamihd, S. (पाद and वंदन , salutation) Property
given by a husband to a wife at the time of marriage in
return for her humble salutation or marks of deference.
JPaidodaka, S. &c. (पाद and उदक , water) Water in which
the feet of a Brahman hawe been washed, and which it is
an act of merit to drink.
-Pdd/a, S. &c. (पाद्य) Relating to the feet, water for wash
ing them.
PADA, S. &c. (पद) A head, title, or topic of legal or judicial
proceedings, of which eighteen are enumerated by Hindu।
law-givers; as, l.Jºindddma, debt; 2. Wikshepa, deposits;
8-4sicdmi-cikraya, sale without ownership; 4. Sambhatya
885
PAD
samutthdma, concerns among partners; 5. Dattdpaharma,
resumption of gifts ; 0. Wetanddanam, non-payment of
wages or hire ; 7. Samcid-ध्yatikrama, breach of engage
ment; 8. Kraya-gikraj/dnusaya, rescission of purchase
and sale ; 9. Srodmipdla-giodda, disputes between master
and servant; 10. Simdgicdda, boundary disputes; ll. Dan
daparushya, assault and battery ; l2. Walpdrushya, de
famation and abuse ; l8. Steya, theft ; l4. Saihasa, wio
lence; lā. Strisang/raluand, illicit intercourse with women ;
16. Stripundharma, obligations of husband and wife ;
17. Daiyacibhdja, partition of inheritance ; l8. Dytitam
dhtayascha, gaming and animal-fighting.
Padasanhirna, S.(पदसंकीणै) A mixed plaint in a suit atlaw.
PADA, S. &c. (पाद:) A guarter, as before ; but as a term in
Hindu law it signifies one of the four steps or stages by
which a law-suit is directed to proceed, wiZ.
I. Bh4shdjpdda, (from भाषा, speech) The declaration, the
charge or plaint.
2. Uttarapada, (from उन्वरः, an answer)The reply or defence.
8. Kriydpdda, (from fक्रया, action), The essential matter,
the evidence or proofs, whether oral or documentary.
4. Sadhyasiddhi-pdda, (from साध्यं, what is to be established,
the fact, and सिड़ि, establishment) Thejudgment or decision.
PADA, S. &c. (पद:) Place, station, rank.
Padastha, S. &c. (पदस्य:) A person of rank or authority.
JPadact, vernacularly, JPadab{, S. &c. (पदवी) A title, rank,
dignity.
PADA, or PARA, Mar. (पड) Fallow land.
JPadakara, or Parhara, Mar. (पडकर) Lying fallow, a field :
being deserted or desolate, a willage.
Padasara, or Padasdra, Mar. (पडसर -सार) Uncultivated,
desolate, uninhabited.
JPadit, Mar. (पङीत) Fallow or uncultivated land.
JPadiy6ं, Tel. (*०००ऽ७प्) Fallow, uncultivated, waste.
PApA, or PARA, Mar. (पाडा), PADAGAI, Tam. (- -rT०००eE)
A cluster of cottages situated at some distance from the
willage to which they belong, for the convenience of carry
ing on agricultural operations. See Pd?' ं,
PADA, or PARA, Uriya (9६.l) A willage ; a ward of a town.
PADA KKAM, Tam. (–ंठकै८ta) A certain number of willages
held in farm in Tanjore under the native government.
JPadahatdr, Tam. (Lंठकै८,ंठT घै) The renter or farmer
of a number of willages.
PApARATHA, vulgarly, PAR-KATH, Mar. (पडकय) The lending
of cattle and labour by one cultivator to another.
5 F
 PAD PAD

Padahel, vulgarly, Parkel, Mar. (पडकेल) A cultivator that Padittaram, Tam. (t-l१-छै5प्रेth) Allowance made to a

helps another with labour, cattle, and the like. a temple.

PADARAL, or PADERAL, (?)Mal. Land exempt from revenue. Padiydl, Tam. (t-lu१-u-IIT6'r) A hired servant, especially
PApANA, Mal. (a-lsoo) A salt pan, a salt-pit. one paid with grain.
Padamayuppa, Mal. (a-lso०९93-) Manufactured salt. PADf,vulgarly,PADDw, Malay (.seg) Rice in the husk, whether

PApAPPAM,Tam.(LL-LLib) A town surrounded by willages. growing or cut, before threshing or before the grain is
JPadappai, Tam. (l-n-Lco०-) A yard or inclosure behind separated.
a house PADf, Beng. (श्रीनी) Tonnage, measurement of boats or ships
PADAR, Gu2. (५u९२) Common land, land adjacent to a vil for cargo.
lage left uncultivated. PApr, Karn. (व्वCº) Difference of exchange in money.
PADARAM, (?) Mal. A fee paid to the Rāja, or his repre PADIRA, Uriya (a६१) A measuring rod.
sentative, on a transfer of landed property. PADKA, (?) H. A measure ofland, a subdivision of a katthd.
PADARTHA, S. &c. (पदार्थै, from pada, a mame, and artha, PADMA, vernacularly, PADAM, PUDUM, S. &c. (पच्) A lotus,
object) Thingg, substance, a category or predicament, in a large number, a thousand millions.
logic : in Karnata, personal property, money. PADRr, (?) Hindi. A capitation tax on artificers and traders
in central India.-Malcolm.
PApAsAksHA, or PARsAksHA, Mar. (पडसाष्) Corroborative
evidence. PADRi, H. &c. (.9o५, Port. Padre) The common term
JPadas4ksha, Parsaksh{, Mar. (पडसाघी) A witness giving throughout India for a Missionary or a clergyman.
corroborative testimony. PADSHAH, H. &c. (P. ४५*o५) A king.
PApATi, Uriya (aं२६1) Waste salt. JP4dshdhā, H. &c. (_०५*e५) Royal, imperial, made or given
PADDU, Tel. (ॐं) An entry in an account, an item, a by a sowereign, as a grant of land, &c.
memorandum. PAr)U, Tel. (॰ष्ॐ७) Waste, uncultivated, fallow ; also, subs.
PAI)E, Karn. (४०ळै) A servant, a messenger, a Peom. a waste, a common, a barren or uncultivated tract.
PADI, corruptly, PUDDEE, Tam. (-ll१-), Karn. (ंG०) A Padabhatmi,or Patibhami,or Pagindla,Tel.(G`ॐ७ॐo-e२७,
.GITP &3ंo-७२०, ॰ष्&3त्ऽe) A spot ofground near a wil
measure of capacity at Madras, one-eighth of a marakal,
being the same with the ndli, or m42l.i, and containing lage formerly inhabited, but now cultivated for tobacco.
98.7छे2 cubic inches, or about 8 lb. 6 oZ. : in the revised JPadumilam, Tam. (LOpl6ota) Barren ground.
scale of weights and measures it is identified with the En PApu, Tam. (LirTG) Deficiency on remeasurement.
glish term ' measure,' the standard being a cylinder of PADUGAI, or PADUGAI-SATTURAM, Tam. (t-l($co०e8-,
4 inches diameter and 8 inches deep, containing 100 cubic L$&ुeeंठैट्प्रta) Land in the bed or on the banks of

inches, or I . 44 guart, or in weight of water about Blb. a river, especially fit for rice cultivation.
0 oZ. avoirdupois : a Padi is also a measure of weight Padugar, Tam. (-Geaयै) Ground fit for moist cultivation,
egual to 100 palams, or l2ॐ oZ. awoirdupois. In Mysore rice-ground.
। it is a measure of weight edual to half a s6r. PADUGU, Tel. (ॐंCWC) The lower part of a heap of corn,
JPadikattu, Karn. (ं,०ठैः ) Weight, measure. or part left after the rest has been carried away. Karn.
PADI, Tam., Karn. (-१) .IBhata, additional or extra allow A heap of ears of corn piled in a threshing-floor, ready
to be trodden out.
ance to servants, troops, public functionaries, or establish
mentS. JPaduddral, Tam. (-GgTp60) Part of a crop decayed
JPadichdra, Karn. (ं७aऊळ&) A police-officer, an armed while standing.
footman. PADUNU, or PADAN U, Tel. (*० ँo(CS, ॐं) Moisture: a
JPadihama, Karn. (ं9८७०६०) Extra allowance in money. certain guantity of rain, Sufficient to soften the earth and
JPadijtta, Karn. (ं७a3ंठं) Pay or allowance in kind. render it fit for ploughing : soil well moistened, miry or
JPadippamam, Tam. (-१-L-!००णt) Extra allowance. plashy ground.
JPadimurai, Tam. (-१-GPCOPp) The fixed day or term JPadumucarshamu, Tel. (*2ंORCॐ.F- ँOO) Rain suf

for which extra allowance is granted. ficient to penetrate the soil and Soften it for ploughing.
286
 PAD
Padupor, Tam. (-G०L-rrघै) A heap of corn which has
been cut, but remains unthreshed till the whole is reaped.
Padugari, Tel. (*०ॐऽ3e) A spontaneous crop, sprouts
that have sprung up from grain left by the reapers.
PAg, and PAGRi, or PUGREE, H. (e-५, -9१) A turban :
in the Delhi districts, a poll-tax formerly levied on all
males above twelve years of age in willages assessed under
a peculiar system. See Chaubachha.
PAG, PUG, H. (e-१) Mar. (पग) A foot.
JPagdand:, H. (.spioं) A bye-way, a foot-path.
JPagं, H. (U*ं) A caste, or individual of it, who are em
ployed to track thieves or runaways by their footmarks.
Pagl4, Mar. (पगला) A village servant or officer in the west
of India, whose duty it was to track fugitives and thieves by
their footmarks from one village to another, which was then
to take up the search : wherever the footmarks ceased the
mearest willage was made responsible for any property stolen.
PAGA, Mar. (पागा) A body of horse under one commander,
and in which the horses belong to the state : the stable
or building where the horses are kept.
JPagaddr, Mar. (पागादार) A horseman, a trooper whose
horse is prowided by the state.
Paganacas, or Pagnis, Mar. (पागानवीस, पागनीस) The
writer and accountant attached to a body of horse.
PAGADI, corruptly, PUGDI, Karn. (*०x०), PAKUDr, or PA
GU DI, Tam. (t-lg)ंठी) Toll, tribute, tax : applied also in
Karnata to an extra asseSSment under the Mohammadan
government, or to any addition to the fixed rates.
JPagudikaram, Tam. (-5ट्ठीढैerTDrळै) A collector, a
tax-gatherer.
PAGAI, corruptly, PUGGwE, (?) Mar. An advance made by
government or the collector to cultivators at the sowing
season, to be repaid at the harvest: (it is no doubt a blunder
for Tagai. See Takaci).
PAGAR, Mar. (Port. पगार) Pay, wages : also a sort of canoe
carefully finished.
PAGAR, Beng. (*fi*fiक्) A mound, a bank, a drain, a ditch, a
boundary.
PAGHAIA, H. (५५१) A dealer in metals, cloth, &c.
PAGODA, (?). The European designation of a Hindu temple
in the south of India ; also the gold coin formerly coined at
Madras, from its having the device of a temple on one face,
but called by the natives Hum and Warah4ः (the origin of
this term is doubtful ; it is sometimes ascribed to the Por
tuguese, sometimes to the Persian But-khada, an idol
887
IPAH
temple, or to the name of the goddess Bhagabati, who is
represented on some of the coins ; but neither rests upon
sufficient authority).
PAGRI, (?) Land rent-free-Central India. Malcolm.
PAH, (?) Land which has been three years in cultivation (?).
JPak-parti, (?) Fallow land. _
PAHAL, Hindi (पाहल) The ceremony of initiation into the
Sikh religion and community.
PAHAN, Hindi (पाहन) A willage officer, the head man of a
village.-South-west frontier.
PAHANf, corruptly, IPAHNw, IPAHw,w, Mar. (पहाणी, from
पहाणे, to inspect, to see) Inspection or Supervision : in
finance, a revenue survey, an inspection or numbering of
|lands, houses, &c. : commonly applied also to an estimate
of the value of a growing crop by inspection only ; more
correctly termed Najar-palldnः (from Wa2r, seeing).
JPahdna-, or Pahana-ddr, Mar. (पहाण-, पहाणीदार) A re
venue surveyor, an inspector and valuer of crops.
JPah4nā-hdrktim, Mar. (कारकून, an agent) A surveyor or
inspector of crops.
JPahāna khardd, Mar. (from खण्डा, report) A revenue survey
report.
JPahdng/d, Mar. (पहाण्या) A conjuror, especially one who
pretends to be able to discower lost or stolen articles.
PAHAR, H. &c. (S. 7५:, पहाड), PAHAR, Beng. (श्रीशंज्) A
mountain, a hill.
JPahdrgutta, Tel. (from xGॐ
ॐ., rent) A tax or rent for
merly paid for the privilege of graZing cattle on the hills.
JPahdrं, or Paihdrं, H. &c. (-9५:) A hill man, a moun
taineer : hilly, mountainous, a tract.
PAHAR, PUHUR, H. &c. Oं:, S. प्रहर), PAHAR, Mar. (पहार)
A division of time, a watch or period of three hours, or
an eighth of the day and night, four to each, whence JDo
pahar, two watches, is either mid-day or midnight.
Pahdrd, Mar. (पहारा) A guard, a body of men keeping
watch or guard.
Paharchari, Mar, (पहारेकरी) A sentinel, a guard.
-Paltart or Palarं, H. (.s,ं) A watchman, a village ser
vant and messenger, also employed to keep watch.
PAHf, H. (८*१: पाही), Uriya (a॥६) A non-resident cul
tivator, a temporary occupant of willage land, a temant at
will: (the word is more commonly, but less correctly, written
JPag, for it is derived from the Hindi pdh, for pds, ‘ near
to,’ he who resides permanently, not in the village in which
he cultivates, but in the wicinity or near to it.
 PAH
P4h{-as6m?, H. (*५~'५.*५) A non-resident cultiwator, one
who cultivates lands in a willage in which he is not a
permanent resident.
JPdhā-hdsht, H. (५-७४.*५) Cultivation by non-resident
cultivators or tenants at will : it is rather laxly applied
also to such a cultiwator.
Pahā-malangi, Uriya (a|६१Rं) A Salt-maker in a village
different from that of his permanent residence.
PAHoN, (?) In the Ramgarh hills, the willage priest who per
forms the worship of the local deities, and keeps also a
record of the willage boundaries, for which he receives
fees in kind from the willagers.
PAf, H. &c. (.४५), PAy, Mar. (पाय) A foot.
JP41-bamd, H. (P. AG५, binding) Fettered, bound : a fetter.
JP44-bdkā, H. (A. ५*५ । remainder, juasi, balance at the
foot, i.c.in hand or in reserve). In Mohammadan finance, the
designation of such lands as were set apart for Jagfr grants,
if reguired ः also the revenue from lands So reserved not
yet alienated, and of lands which, having been alienated,
had been resumed and paid revenue until a fresh assign
ment had been made.
JP41-bahā-hhdlisa, H. (from A4l5-, the royal treasury) The
revenue of resumed or lapsed but suspended alienations
receivable in the public treasury.
P4idahhti, (?) A tax formerly imposed by the Zamindars
of Bengal upon the cultivators, to cover the expense of
presents to the revenue-officers.
Pdik, or Payih, corruptly, IP/ke, H. &c. (५-५५, from S.
पदातिक), Paik, or Paiyah, Mar. (पादैक , पायक) A foot
man, an armed attendant or inferior police or revenue
officer, a messenger, a courier, a village watchman : in
Cuttack the Paiiks formerly constituted a local militia, hold
ing land of the Zamindars or Rājas by the tenure of
military service, an arrangement not unknown in other
parts of India. Ben. Reg. ii. 1797 ; xiii. l80ं ; xiv. I810.
P6{h4n, H. &c. (plur. of Pail) Armed militia or watch
men: assignments of land for their maintenance, made
formerly by the Zamindārs, of which the revenue was an
admitted deduction from the total assessment.
Pdimail, H. (P. ५० `*५) Trodden under foot, spoiled, ruined.
JP41mdli, H. ५.～''~ .४५) Trampling under foot, laying waste,
especially as crops: compensation for damage done to stand
ing crops by the passage of troops.
PAi, IBeng. (श्रींश्), Mar. (पाई) A guarter, a fourth part ; in
currency, the fourth part of an ama, but applied in Bengal
888
PAI
to a smaller division, or one twelfth, which was formeriy
a money of account, but, since l885, has been struck of
copper, weighing 88ं grains.
PAi, H. (.*५, पाई) A non-resident cultivator ः (the word is
given both singly and in composition by unguestionable
authority, but it is probably an error, or vernacular cor
ruption of pdht, ५. v.).
JPdā-asdmः, H. ५.४.५“' ८.४५) A cultivator of lands in a vil
lage in which he is not a permanent resident.
JP41hdrं, or, more correctly, Payakdri,Tel. (*O०Sosee) A
temporary tenant who usually receives a larger share of
the crop than a resident or permanent occupant.
JPaikasht, corruptly, IP/kaust, P/kausht, Paihashtee, Pag/
hasht, &c. H. (c“--*४ ॰s५) The term usually employed
in Hindustan for a migratory or non-resident cultivator,
one who cultivates lands in a village to which he does not
belong by birth or hereditary claim, and holds his lands
either for a stipulated term, or at pleasure of some member
or members of the proprietary body ः in some districts, pro
bably with more accuracy, the term occurs Paihā-hdsht.
Pailidsht-rdiyat,H. (A. ५-29, a cultivator) A non-resident
or temporary cultivator.
JPaijhdsht-2amin, H. (A. ७*9) Land held on the tenure
of temporary occupancy.
JP41-norrdd, Hindi (पाशैनोवाद, vernacular corruption for nna
abdd) A non-resident cultivator who engages to cultiwate
for the current year.
JPdi-rdiyat, H. (e-Ae) .s५) A non-resident cultivator.
JP41-sdibeh', Hindi (पाईसाबेक) A non-resident cultivator who
has held the lands he tills for more than a year : an item
of the willage rent-roll shewing the rent paid by such cul
tivators.
PAf BA, Uriya (a|२al) A debt to be received, money due.
JPaibdiodld, Uriya (Cl2२१|७|RI) A creditor, one who re
ceives or expects payment.
PAIGASTI, Tel. (ं००99x&2., from ुं pai, over) A superin
tendant, an owerseer.
PAIJ, Mar. (पेज) A bargain, a compact, a wager.
PAIKA, Mar. (पैका), PAIRA M U, Tel. (*००००sंOC) Money :
in Tel. it also means a small coin of the value of five kaās,
also a guarter of a dab. _
PAI KAR, H. 9ं) A dealer, a shopkeeper, an intermediate
dealer or agent, a broker ; also one who goes about with
goods for Sale, a hawker, a pedlar.
PAIMAISH, vernacularly, IPAwIMAsf, corrttptly, PwyrAEEs H,
 PAI
and PwMAsH, H. (P. U**५*५) Measurement, measuring,
surwey.
Paim८ish-d4r, H. (P. )'e, who has) A measurer, a surveyor.
Paimadish-ā-kampds, H. (U~'***ः the English word ' com
pass ’) Survey by Enropean surveyors, a trigonometrical
Survey
JKol-payimast, Mal. (6)८6,0(oba-lopl29०6l) Regular Survey,
measurement by the kol, or rod.
Nok-payimds:, Mal.(6)oopaya-loill29०āl) Measurement or
survey by inspection and estimate, the most usual method
under the native government of Malabar.
Paimdm-hash, Sindhi (P. U**७५**ं) A weighman, a mea
Surer.
PAts, H. (७*ं) A reservoir of water.
PArN, Mar. (पेण, or पैन) A bundle of grass or hay ः an im
post formerly lewied on cultivators in lieu of a portion of
hay previously exacted from them.
PAfN, Mar. (पाद्दैण) A small measure, a guarter of an inch :
a larger land measure edual to 30 bigluds.
PAINAM, H. (ACA) A denomination under the Mohammadan
government of the principal divisions of a Subal। ; for in
stance, the Sutbah of Bengal was divided into two chief
JPaindms,the ceded lands of l700, and the Dingdmā lands of
170छ ; the latter again was subdivided into 20 Paindms ः
(the term, although given in the छैth Report, is of doubtful
accuracy,and is possiblya vernacular corruption,or an error
for Paimdia, P., a measurement, a measured or definite
tract of country),
PAINCHA, H. (*१) A loan : payment of a loan.
PAINTH, Hindi (पैठे) Aduplicate bill ofexchange, See Peth.
PAIRA, Mar. (पैण) A day labourer, one who works by the day.
JPaireg, Mar. (परं) A day's job for a woman or a boy ः a
woman or boy hired for the day.
PAf RA, or PAfpA, Mar. (पाद्दैड) A small measure, a guarter
of an inch.
PAr Rf, Hindi (पैडी) The slope or inclined plane up and down
which the oxen attached to the ordinary well used for ir
rigation travel : in some places it seems to imply a ring
or subdiwision of a well, and thence the well itself
PAIRU, Tel. (*००99CO) Growing corn. See Payir.
PAIRU DAR, Karn. (ं98ॐ०००ॐ) A person whose employment
is carrying corn, cotton, or other articles, or oxen, from
one district to another.
PAisA, corruptly, PrsA, PvCE, PICE, H. &c. (५~~ं), Mar.
(पेखा) A copper coin, which, under the native government,
389
PAJ
varied considerably in weight and value : the Company's
10aisd is fixed at the weight of I00 grains, and is rated
at 4 to the ama, or 64 to the rupee : in common par
lance it is sometimes used for money in general. In
Marathi, IPaisd also signifies a land measure edual to
7ं bijhds.
JPaisotaho, GuZ. (५४*तu29t) Money in general.
PAIsAcHA, S. &c. (पैशाच, from Pisacha, an evil spirit) De
moniac, diabolical : one kind of marriage recognised by
Hindu legislation, violation of a girl when unconscious or
intoxicated.
PAISALU, Karn. (*०8y०eo, for Faisala, g.w.) Decision, decree.
PAISAR, Karn. (*28येव्ॐ) Common ground, ground left
uncultivated to serve as a pasturage for the willage cattle.
PAisHA, Uriya (ag२ंl) A grain measure, four of which are
edual to one chatdnk, or the sixteenth of a se?’.
PAITA, vulgarly, PoITA, Beng. (श्रठ्ठडi, ८श्रेउ) The thread
or string of cotton worn by the Brahmans (from the S.
12acitra).
PAfTA, Mar. (पाईत) A patch of level ground along the skirts
of the hills sown with common grains (in the tract called
Dang, ५. vं)
PAITHA, corruptly, PwTHA, Beng. (ंश्रेष्ठै) A district reWenue
account, in which the several fields of the villages, whether
paying revenue or exempt, are Specified under the names
of their respective occupants, according to their extent,
guality, and produce.
PAITRIRA, vernacularly, PArrRik, S. &c. (पैतृकं, from Pitri,
a father) Paternal, ancestral, patrimonial, hereditary.
PArvrLAsAMU,Tel.(काव्)२०`*ॐ ॐ99) Superscription, direction
of a letter.
PAIwAST, or PAIBAST, Beng. (ंचेदंख्।, from
P. AJo५9-५, bound,
connected) Added to or increased, as an alluvial deposit ः
additional lands from any source to those held in farm.
Painasti, Mar. (P. पैवस्ती) Endorsement ofa letter specify
ing the date of its receipt : also Beng., wernacularly JPai
bastā, additional, as alluvial land.
PAryA, Hindi (पेया) An allowance of half an 4na on each
rupee of rewenue set apart for the Patrrdr{.
PAJA, Hindi (पाजा) Share or guota of grain paid to the
head man and the willage servants.-South-west frontier.
PAJAsi, Gu2. (५u०४Ul) A brush with which a thin starch
is applied to the warp, to prepare it for the loom ; the
warp so prepared.
JPaijana-gar0, Gu८. (५u०४U[l२,३u) A man whose business
'ः)
* G
 PAJ
is to prepare the warp for the loom by starching the
thread. ।
PAJAwA, H. (P. l,५:) A brick-kilp, a brick-field.
PA KANADINAwARU, Karn. (pl. ॰Caठैज्ठ०:ॐं७) A class
of Stidras practising fortune-telling from the district of
Pdhm4d.
PA KANG, (?) H. A cow, or she buffalo, or any herd of female PAKKANAyr, Tam. (-"फैट्,००णt) The residence of low and
cattle on which a cess was lewied in Chaubdchha villages.
See Chaubdichha.
PA KHAL, corruptly, PUCKALLw, H. &c. (Jं) A large
leather bag for carrying water in, usually double, thrown
ower a bullock : also a leather bag nsed for raising water
from wells, being attached to a rope passing through a
pulley and drawm up by oxen passing up and down an
inclined plane.
JPakhdli, corruptly, JPuckalee, Puchallee, Puchallie, H. &c.
(_"*ं) A water-carrier.
PaWhdl/, Mar. (पखाव्या) Carrying a water-bagः the bul
lock or the driver.
PA KHELA, Thug. Paper, whether written upon or not.
PA KHI, incorrectly, PA KEE, Beng. (१iथि) A land measure
nearly eduivalent to a bijhd.-East Bengal.
PA Kr, Karn. (ंJaठै) A small coin, the twelfth of a Dab.
See JDabbu. _ JPailnath, Mar.
PA KKA, PUKRA, corruptly, PUCKA, PU KHA, H. &c. (k:,
पक्ा, S. पक्) Ripe, mature, cooked, dressed : metaph.,
correct, complete, as a statement : substantial, solid, as a
buildingr
g ;; also, intellectually mature, intelligent, sharp,
knowing : the contrast in all respects of Kachchd, g. v.
Pakka-ghar, H. &c. 9*४ं) A house built of baked bricks
Or Stone. '_
Pakk6-chittlid, H. &c. (५-४ं) A rewised and authentic
account.
Pakhā-hiseb, Mar. (पक्ाहिशेब) A correct and carefully re
vised account. `*
Pakk6-ser, H. &c. 94.6ं) A full or Pakk6-ser : a mea
Sure of weight varying in different parts of India, and for
different articles, but always the full or standard measure,
in distinction to a smaller or less authentic, or Kachchd
Se/* :
the standard, or JPakk6-8er of IBengal is fixed at 80
tolas, each of 180 grains troy, and is eguivalent to 2.0:छ7 lb.
avoirdupois, about 2 lb. Iā drachms. In the Madras presi
dency the IPalikd-ser of Arcot = I lb. 19 ounces, of Ma
sulipatam = 2 lb., and this is used in dealing with per
sons from Hyderabad, Calcutta, &c. : the ordinary or
800
PAIL
JKachch6-ser of Madras was II • 4 ounces, and of Bombay
11. 8ं OUnnCe8.
| PARRA, Mal. (a-ape86) Planting seed thickly : a bed of
young plants for transplanting ; betel-nut in a raw state.
JPakkamilam, Mal. (a-apee6)Cole-a०) Land on which rice is
sown for subseguent transplantation.
outcaste tribes.
PA KSHA, vernacularly, also, PAKH, or PACH H, S. &c. (पघ),
H. (-ं, -4ञ्:), PAKKAM, Tam. (-"फैetb) The half of a
lunar month, or a fortnight of fifteen days : the halffrom
the new moon to the full is termed the Sukla-paksha, the
white or light fortnight, that from the full to the new moon
the krishma-pahsha, the black or dark fortnight.
PARUTI, Mal. (a-lc0a(णी) A share, a portion.
PAL, Hindi (पाल) Crown lands kept by the ruling family
in their own hands.-Kamaon.
PAL, H. &c. (J५० पाल) A dike, a dam, especially the raised
earth bordering the beds in which rice is planted so as to
confine the water ofirrigation : also a small tent, or a cloth
or blanket thrown ower a transverse pole to serve as a tent
PAI, corruptly, IPAUL, Mar. (पाव्3) Exempt (from tax), re
mitted (as a duty or tax),
(पाळ्नूक) Exemption from tax, remission of
tax or duty.
JPalpatti, Mar. (पाळ्पट्टी) A tax or guit-rent imposed upon
the holders of rent-free lands.
PALA, vernacularly, IPAL, or PUL, corruptly, PULL, S. &c.
(पल), H. (C५), Mar. (पलं, पळ) A measure of time, the
sixtieth part of a damada, or hour of twenty-four minutes,
and conseduently eguivalent to twenty-four seconds. A
measure of weight of gold or Silver, varying in value, being
egual to four surarmas, to four or to eight tolas, or, in
common use, to three tolas two mttshas and eight ha/tis,
or about छे8ं grains troy. In Cuttack, a weight for brass,
&c., being the twentieth of a bisha, or egual to four kar
shas, or about छे20 grains. In the Dakhin, a weight of
twenty-eight dabbus, used in weighing ghee, butter, &c. =
in Kamaon it is a weight of about छे20 troy grains. Palo८
also occurs in Sanskrit writings as the first or lowest mea
Sure of capacity, four being egual to one kudaca, a mea
।sure of l:}! cubic dng/ulas, or fingers.
PALA, sometimes written, IPALLA, Tel. (ं9C`, *ंयु) A
measure of capacity egual to ten marakals, or Iछेट्टै im
perial gallons. See IPall4.
 PAIL
PALA, Uriya (aIR) I,and immediately in the wicinity, or on
the bank of a river.
PALABH6oAyr,corruptly,PAULBHGoAM,Tam.(t-l60&-IITeta,
from Tam. pala, many, and S. bhogam, enjoyment, posses
sion) The tenure by which the inhabitants of a village
hold their lands in severalty under an engagement among
the coparceners, each being responsible for the revenue of
his own holding, and receiving the surplus for his own
use : such land may be held by the same individual in
more than one village : also a village or lands so held ः
the term is also explained to signify merely possession by
more than one individual, distinguished as, Samudayam
or where the lands are cultivated jointly and the produce
is divided, and Arudi-karai where the lands are divided
amongst the proprietors and cultivated severally : see Arudi
harai and Samudayam.
PALAGANDA, Karn. (*Gex०ॐ) A bricklayer, a plasterer.
PALAGoRRU, Tel. (*०9ATं) A kind of rake.
PALAI, Tam. (LIIT&ao) Barren soil.
PALAi, Beng. (*ीलश्) A stack or rick of corn, a granary,
a magaZine.
PALAIBA, Beng. (१ानोद्भेदi, from S. पलायन) Running away,
flight, escape.
PALA KA, or PALAKA-PUTRA, S. &c. (पालकपुच:) An adopted
son : the vernacular eduivalent Palak-betd, is sometimes
applied to a boy who has been bought of his parents and
is considered a slave.
PALARosHAM, Tam. (-60०eErreta) A register of land in
the occupancy of different individuals.
PALA KUNDA, Tel. (Gºes9०ॐ) A certain grain-fee given
to the cultivators before the grain is measured, or a
portion from each measure (lit., a pot, kunda, of
milk, pdlu).
PALAyr, corruptly, PULLAM, Tam. (-6ota, from the S. pala)
A measure of weight at Madras, variously rated at 546.875
and 525.7छे troy grains : according to the revised table
recognised by government 20th Oct. 1840, the Palam is
egual to I ounce 3-7छे drachms avoirdupois ः it is also used
in Malabar, 100 Palams, or Palons, being egual to a
tulam, and 20 fulams to a khamdi.
PALAN. H. (७"ं) A Space of ground left for future disposal
between two occupied lots.
PALANCHERU,Tam.('-60७ा,०eºg) Ploughedland prepared
for transplanting.
PALAPATTADAI, corruptly, PULLAPUTTADy, Tam. (L6
801
PAIL
t-l1--०००-) A place where people of different tribes and
castes reside together.
Palapattadaikudikal, Tam. (-6o-ILL-०००-(Bl9-B6fr)
The inhabitants of a town where the right and left-hand
castes live amicably together.
PALSUTANTARAM,Tam. (-) rr60कैegं,ंठDia, from S.स्वतन्त्वं)
Allowance in grain to village artificers.
PALAsAwIDHI, corruptly,PALASHwEEDEE, Mar. (पालाशविधि)
The wicarious cremation of a bundle of Pal6sa leaves, in
place of the body of a person who has died at a distance :
in some cases widows were allowed to burn themselves
with the substitute.
PALATAK, Beng. (१लiउदं, from S. पलायन) Afugitive, a run
away, a cultivator who abandons his lands.
Palatika, corruptly, IPlatila, Beng. (*नiउिद्) Abandoned,
uncultivated, land formerly cultivated, but deserted by the
cultivators : a column of an account shewing the rewenue
formerly derived from deserted lands.
PALATHi, PULATIrw, (?) Damaged produce.
PALAwAr, Gu2. (५&tu१८) A tribe of Bhils so named.
PALE,PALEvU, PALEvA,Karn.(यं), व्वं७,व्वं)०9),
PALEIwAM, corruptly, PoLLIAM, POLLAM, POLLBM,POL
LIM,Tam.(L&ooLLita), PALEy U,Tel. (॰णं ?ं99)A tract
of country subject to a petty chieftain.
IPALEGARA, corruptly, POLwGAR, POLLIGAR, &c. Karn.
(व्वं)7ज्ed), PALEGApU, PALEnU, Tel.(युरृ7त्’ॐ०,
०ष्"छ्ॐo) PALEGAR, Mar. (पाळ्गार), PALArvARARAN,
Tam. (Lirr&6OLLकैGrTDrcठैी ) A petty chieftain ः in
the south of India, especially in Karnata, the Poligar, or
Polygar, of early writers, occupying chiefly tracts of hill
and forest, subject to pay tribute and service to the para
mount state, but seldom paying either, and more or less
independent, subsisting in a great measure by plunder ः
on the subjugation of the country most of the Palegars
were dispossessed, some were pensioned, and a few were
allowed to retain some of their villages at a guit-rent: these
have now subsided into peaceable landholders.
JPalai/apddu, corruptly, JPaliaput, Paliput, /'uliaput, Po
lyoput, JPooliaput, Tam. (-&6ou-"-IITO) Lands in the
possession of a JPdlegar, for which he now pays revenue
to the government.
PALi:RU, plur. PAJ.KitLU, PALBLLU, Tel. (॰ष्ठंऽ७,
॰धर्वं, ०ुर्वं) A hired cultivator or labourer,
one working with implements belonging to his employer :
this is no doubt the same as the J'dlalu of the northern
 PAIL
Cirkars, agricultural labourers considered as slaves to the
Ryots, being attached hereditarily to the lands, and main
tained by the cultivators during the greater part of the year;
during the rest of the time they support themselves ः they
are transferable with the land, but are not sold separately ः
they may be reclaimed if they guit their employer.
PALEv,or PALEऎ, Hindi (पलेव) Landwatered afterploughing,
PALi, Beng. (*र्ली) Alluvial deposit, soil left by inundation.
PALI, incorrectly, IPALLEE, Beng. (श्रीनि) A measure of grain,
edual in some places to five, in others to eight sers.
PALIA, Gux. (५ u&{lन्utu plur) Stones marking the boundary
of a field.
PALIKAPU, Tel. (०॰९ºsष्30) An under-tenant, a cultivator.
PALISA, Mal. (a-lem००) Interest, usury : the following rates
per I00 famams per annum are specified as in practice in
Malabar by Mr, Graeme.
4ra-pali8a, One-twentieth, or º per cent.
4rakal-pali8a, One-eightieth, or l.famam 4 amas per cent.
JKal-pali8a, One-fortieth, or 2.fanams 8 amas per cent.
JMahami-palisa, One hundred and sixtieth,or I0amasper cent.
-Mukdl-pali8a, One-thirtieth and a third, or 8.fanams 4
amas seven-tenths per cent.
JNer-pali8a, Ten per cent. per annum.
Palisa-madaha-olaharanam, corruptly, IPelisha-madahom,
Mal. (a-lence2seex63eacefo6०००) A deed of mortgage in
which the rent of the estate transferred to the mortgagee is
edual to the interest of the loan, and is so specified, which
is not the case in the usual Otti deed.-Graeme.
PALisi, or PALEsi, Gu2. (५uetl*tl, ५uंa२tl) A policy of
insurance.
PALiT, (?) Beng. Offerings not fit for Purohits, or family
priests, but for an inferior order of Brahmans.-Sylhet.
PALKi,H.&c.(LंJ५),PALLAk Ki,Karn. (*०:ं) A palankeen.
Pallakki-boi,TKarn. (*०gं,००००) A palankeen bearer.
PALLA, Mar. (पच्बi) A measure of capacity of thirty Payalis
= l20 sers, the same as the Pald of Madras : a measure
of weight of a like amount, or l20 sers, for groceries,
betel-nuts, oil, &c. : also the bag or Sack which holds a
palld of grain.
PALLAM U, or PALLAM, Tel. (ं9g,ंOC) Low-lying ground.
Pallapunddu, Tel. (ं9ं,ं७त्ऽ ॐ०) Low ground capable of
being ploughed.
Pallapupanta, Tel. (ं,ं७:००ं) Acropgrown on low,
moist, or irrigable lands.
PAI.AN,plur. PAJ.J.AR, corruptly, PU .LER,Tam.(L-6fr०ITCठैी,
802
PAL
t-lefrorTप्रै) The name of a low and servile caste, or
of an individual of that caste, most commonly the slave of
the Welldlam, or agricultural tribe : they are much upon
the same footing as the Pareyan, but hold themselves
Superior to him, as they abstain from eating the flesh of
the cow.
JPallacheri, Tam. (-l6frsrTवै Gepf) A village of the Pa!
la?” tribe.
JPallarcarं, Tam. (L6*T6rTºr6uph) A tax upon the Pallar
in some of the Tamil districts.
PALLE, PALLI, or PALLIvA, Tel. (०छ्, ॐं, ॐं,०ॐo),
PALLI, Tam. (t-l606) A willage, a hamlet.
JPallehdsilu, Tel. (*०छ्ंग्च्छैeo) Inland or transit duty.
JPallecadu, Tel. (*०छ्~णश्ॐ) A willager, a fisherman.
PALLI, H. (Ls'ं) A small willage. PALLI, PALLf, Beng.
(अल्लि, श्रल्लीं) A hamlet, a detached portion of a willage, a
district.
Palligrdm, Beng. (*लिभीभ) A willage, a country. Tam.
(t-l6fr०rfleीDTTLata) A willage belonging to a temple.
PALLi, Tam. (t-lefrerf), Mal. (a-l9.20) A small town, a
willage : in Tam., also, a temple, a school ः it is no doubt
the same word as the H. and Beng. terms, but is in more
general use, especially in combination, when it is corruptly
written poli/, as in Trichinopoly, properly Trisir4-palli।
(ंठी Dheीव्रे’DrrTu]L6fr6rf) the city of the giant Trisird :
it is also the name of a servile tribe of Hindus in the south,
similar to the Pallar, but who are more especially the
bondsmen or slaves of the Brahman proprietors of land.
JPalliyacanu, Karn. (*०९:०GOॐंS) A willager.
JPallicdisal-mdniyam, Tam. (Ll6fT6rfl6urTeP6buorTeठी
u-lta) Rent-free land attached to a temple.
PALLi, Beng. (*ाली) Land of superior quality yielding crops
at every harvest.
PAI.!.INAwAL, Mal. (o-290००१outob) A bed or piece of
ground on which rice plants are sown for transplantation.
JPallisddi, Tam. (-6fr6rherrg) A tribe of Hindus.
#'alli/arkāram, Mal. (from a-l&g)ou०, a bed-chamber)
A chamberlain.
JPalli/arcilambam, Mal. (o-42.30crooo-ng Co- (ct) Con
fidential or private secretary of the kotiote Rāja.
PALLU, or PALHU, Thug. The handkerchief with which
people are strangled.
PALLU, Tel. (ं;).Low ground.
PALLU DAR, H. (from *१, a border of a dress) A fringe maker,
a worker of ornamental or gold or silver borders to dresses.
 PAI)
PALLUT, (?) Wellow soil.-Cachar.
PALU, Tel., Karn. (G*५) A share, a portion, the culti
vator’s share of the crop, in opposition to the 4mbdramu
or government share : (in composition it also occurs, ver
nacularly, Pail and Paili.
Palimaodhkaluं, Karn. (Ja9ॐयब्ंo) A farmer who
shares his crop with the government.
Palugdramu, or Palgdramu, Karn. (Gaeo7त्व्ॐKo,
॰वंशव्ॐंC) A sharer, a coparcener.
Pailugemichittu, (?) Karn. An agreement for a fixed term
for an egual division of the crop between the proprietor
and the cultivator or renter.
Paluku amarihe, (?) Tel. (•T” eos9e93o०ग्8) Allotment
of portions of land amongst the cultivators.
Palutirugulu, Tel. (G”eo9ं97०eo) Diference of shares :
it was the custom formerly, in order to deter the cultivators
from meglecting the public lands for the sake of the ad
ditional portion which the holders of rent-free lands were ac
customed to allow to those who worked for them, to carry
the difference between the two rates to the credit of the
government
okkala-ornaitara-pala,Karn(&ं9यैव eo, वै568-Ja eo)
The cultivator’s share of the crop.
Rajapalu, Karn. (CoadeGa99) The government share of
the crop.
PALUs, Gu2. (५५०) A dower, a marriage portion given to
the bride by the bridegroom or his father.
PALwAR, PULwAR, H. Beng. 9';५ । *नवiद्व) A boat of bur
them, of from 15 to 20 tons, employed for carrying goods,
considered as originally of Dacca build.
PALwI, Thug. A ring for the finger, nose, or ear.
PAM PA, Mal. (a-lCP-I) An agreement : a written order for
taking an oath.
PAMPAKAM U, Tel. (ंOCंoo) Sharing, dividing, share,
division.
Pampalu-jabita, Pampoola-2abita, (?) Tel. An agreement
for a division of shares amongst the contracting parties.
PAMPU, Tel. (*००ं)) A weight egual to five-eighths of a
ser : a tract of land containing two or three rice-fields (?).
PAN, PUN, H. (.५), PANA, S. (पण), Beng. (१न्) A sum of
eighty hauri shells, egual to twenty gandas, and of which
sixteen are egual to a hdliam ; whence a-Pana is sometimes
used, as in Cuttack, for the sixteenth of any given unit, as of
the amount of rent or rewenue. In Sylhet four Pamas make
one raih : it is also a measure of land edual to a sguare
898
PAN
of 8ं cubits ; the same word becoming Panam in Tam.
andMal.('-Jooष्ठाub) signifies money, also a small coin, both
of silver and gold, transformed,by European pronunciation,
to Famam ; the gold Panam was properly the sixteenth
of a Hum, but the proportion varied ः the silver Panam
or Famam of the Company's coinage at Madras was rated
at eighty copper kds, at twelve .famams sixty kas to an
Arcot rupee, and forty-five to a star-pagoda.
JPambahd, H. (५:ं) Waluation, estimate.
JPani, Uriya (9el1) A sixteenth of the revenue.
PAN, corruptly, IPAAN, or PAUN, H. &c. (J५, from S. parna
पशॆ, a leaf), Beng. (*fनि), Mar. (पान) The aromatic leaf
of the Piper betel, or, in common use, a leaf of it rolled
round a few small pieces of the astringent Areka nut with
a little caustic lime, a few heads of spice, and sometimes a
little catechu, for the purpose of being chewed, acting as a
carminative and antacid tonic ; it is presented to guests
and visitors, and sometimes sent to friends and relations,
especially at family festivals, inclosed in gold or Silver
paper or leafः it is also termed Pain-supdrं, from Supdr{,
areka-nut, and Bird or Biri, S. Witiha, wbence the Eu
ropean word betel.
Panbatta,(?) H. Distributionof pdn on occasionsof festivity.
Panddin, H. &c. (P. ७'ea holding) A box for containing
betel and its accompaniments.
JPanguttd, Mar. (पानगुत्वं) Rent or farm of betel gardens.
JP4mmah८l, H. (d)=*७५) Tax on betel leaves.
JPammald, Mar. (पानमळ्ा) A plantation, a garden of the
betel-wine.
Panpatra, H. &c. (S. पच, a leaf) The leaf of the Piper betel.
JPdmsupdri, H., Mar. (-9':“७५’ पानमुपारी) A pan, or the
areka-nut and spices rolled up in the leaf of the Piper
betel ; also, in Mar., a small douceur or bribe of a few
rupees to stir up or refresh the memory.
Pinuhdju, Tel. (्य``॰श्*०, vernacular for the Hindu
stani Pain hd bdgh) A betel-wine garden or plantation.
PANA, or PANNA, (?) H. A large division, as a guarter or a
half of a coparcenary willage and its lands under a separate
head man or Mukaddam : in some places the lands are
subject to periodical re-distribution among the members of
the community.-North-west provinces.
PANA, vernacularly, IPAN, S. &c. (पणं) Money in general :
(the same as above : see Pam), wages, hire, price : a bet,
a wager : business t an agreement, a stipulation or clause
in an agreement.
छे H
 PAN
Pana-yellata-hdram, Mal. (a-l००ogg3(oeexport) The
creditor of a landed proprietor, upon an agreement that if
the loan is not repaid by a stipulated period, the estate is
to be assigned to the money lender--Graeme.
JPanya, S. &c. (पण्य) Wendible, any saleable article.
JPanyasaild, S. &c. (from शाला, a hall) A market, a mar
ket place.
Panyacidhi, Tel. (॰ण`ं२8२६०) A shop, a stall.
PANA, Tel. (ॐ(C) A sheaf of corn.
PANA, Uriya (9|el) A man of a low caste employed in
menial offices out of the house : also the name of a wild
and predatory tribe on the frontier in the south of Orissa.
PANAD, PANAND, PANANDH, Mar. (पानद, पानंदं, पानंध) A
lane through a willage, or between fields and inclosures.
PANAI, Tam. (L&या) A palmyra tree (Borassus flabelli
formis),
PANAwAM, Mal. (n-l6००oo)०, from S. पण pama, price) A
mortgage, a pawn, a pledge.
JPanayakkachitta, Mal. (o-l6r०७ole66)24ls) A document
given on a pledge or pawn.
Panayahdram, Mal. (r-l6T०Gºueexport) A mortgagee, a
mortgager, one who borrows or lends on mortgage.
JPanaya-ola-haranam, Mal. (n-16xou63e–leefo6r००) An
instrument or deed of mortgage written on an ola or
palm leaf
Panayappata, Mal. (a-l०rooug-ps) An article pledged
or mortgaged.
JPanayapdttam, Mal. (a-l6roooa-l25०) A mortgage lease,
or one in which a sum of money considered as the eguiva
lent of two-thirds of the estimated nett produce or rent, is
advanced to the proprietor in consideration of his relin
duishing the estate to the lender for his usufruct, in lieu।
ofinterest on his loam. See Pattam.
Panayapatta-kulikanam, Mal. (from kalihdnam coaºle96)9
6r००: see kainam) A mortgage lease, under which the
tenant, when it expires, has a title to compensation for
any improvements he may have made.
PANCHA, PANCH, or PUNCH, also, PANCH, H. &c. (ं,
ं’ from S. pamcha पच) Five, the number five ः it is
also used as an abbrewiation for JPanchdit, ५. v.
Panchagrdmadapa, Karn. (*००&#एष्व्)ंoॐ) A Brahmam
of a tribe of Tuluva Brahmans in the north-west of Mysore.
Panchdit,Panchdyat,lesscorrectly,Punchayet,H. (५-४५ह्)
Panchda, Mar. (पंचाद्दैत), Panchdyati, Tel. (ॐड्गश्c99),
Panchdyattu, Tam. (t-l७ाघ्,erru-' ँट्), or the persons
894
PAN
Pamclidyattdr (- ऽष्,Prru-' ँठrT ट्रैr) A native court of
arbitration, consisting of five or more members chosen by
the parties themselves, or appointed by the civil officers of
the government, for the determination of petty disputes
among the people, especially in matters affecting the usages
of caste or occupation : (however priZed by the natives
when other means of obtaining justice were unavailable,
and when Panch-paramesnara, the Pancha is the supreme
deity, was a proverbial phrase in the south of India at
least, there are now few occasions on which this sort of
assembly is spontaneously had recourse to, or in which its
judgments are regarded as decisive, and this notwithstand
ing great pains have been taken by the British govern
ment to render it effective.-Ben. Reg. xxii. I816; iii.182I ;
wi. 1892; ix. l838. Madras Reg. Willage Panchdits, w.
1816 ; District Panchdits, vii. I810. Bombay Reg. iv.
xiii. 1827.) : the term also applies to the proceedings of
the native court, and to the matter in dispute : also to a
member of the court, an umpire, an arbitrator.
Panchdit{, H. &c. (ं) A court of arbitration ; the
award of such a court.
Panchdit.j4ti, H. (from S. ..*५- , caste) An arbitration by
persons of the same caste as the litigant parties.
Panchdit-khdmagi, H. (P. ७94-, domestic) Domestic ar
bitration, a settlement of fimily quarrels by relations and
connexions.
Panchdit-ndma, H. (P. &ati, a document) The written
award of a court of arbitration.
Panchd{t-8arkdrं, H. (from 99~, the state) A court of
arbitration appointed by the public authorities.
Panchaka, S. &c. (पच्चक) Five, an aggregate of five, a
tax of a fifth, a tax or cess levied formerly by the Zamin
dars in addition to the regular imposts.
JPanchakt, S. &c. (fem. of Panchaka) Cesses imposed in
some of the Bengal districts formerly, in addition to the
revenue and other regular imposts : lands held free of such
additions were termed Ghair-pamchakā, and were considered
as lightly assessed : in some places the term appears to
denote lands originally rent-free, but subjected to a small
५uit-rent, and thence termed Panchahā-l4-khirāj.
Pamchdla, S. &c. (पच्बाल) An aggregate of five, thence for
merly applied to the Panjab, or country of the five rivers:
in the south of India it denotes five castes collectively, or
those of the goldsmith, carpenter, blacksmith, braxier, and
mason, who, in Mysore, eat together and intermarry ः
 PAN
among the Marathas they wear the Brahmanical thread ः
in other places the five castes are of an inferior order, and
are the carpenter, weaver,barber, washerman, and shoemaker.
Panchama, S. &c. (पच्वम) Fifth. Panchami, (fem. of पचम)
The fifth lunar day of each half month.
Panchaman,Tam. (S. L(ऽyिeLacठैी) An outcaste, a Pareya,
a fifth caste man, not being included among the four
regular castes.
Pancham-bandham, (?) Karn. Outcaste and servile tribes
in Karnāta, four of whom are named, as, the Pareya, IBal
mpam, Chaklar, and Toti, and who are the agrestic slaves
of Brahman cultivators.-Buchanan.
JPanchama-bdndjiga, Karn. (ॐ०aं*3Dं२a3x) An out
caste, a man of the fifth order : it denotes also the Paiः
cham-bamijigaru, of Buchanan, traders and religious per
sons of the Lingait sect, and the heads of the right-hand
castes in Mysore.
Pancha-mahdjpditalia, S. &c. (पञ्चमहापातक) The five most
heinous sins of the Brahmanical code : killing a Brahman,
stealing gold, drinking spirits, intercourse with the wife
of a spiritual preceptor, and association with a person who
has perpetrated these sins ः in the masc. gender, and wer
nacularly, a great sinner, one who is guilty of the five
great sins.
Panch4gda, S. &c. (पच्चाङ्गं) An almanac, a kalendar, so
named from its treating of five members (anga) or topics ;
or, 1. the tithā, or lumar day ; 2. the cdra, the solar day,
or day of the week ; 8. the makshatra, or lunar asterism
for each day; 4. the yoga, transits and conjunctions of the
planets, eclipses, &c., and छ. the karama, or Subdivisions
of the lunar day : these are the five essential parts of the
kalendar; but it comprises other topics, as lucky and un
lucky days for undertaking any business, festival days, and
the like.
Panchdgda, or Panchangi, S. &c. (पाञ्चाङ्ग, पञ्चाङ्गी), Paj
chamgan, pronounced Paājaggam,Tam.(t-l(रु,िerTrāueEdia)
The almanac maker, the willage astronomer or astrologer,
who announces fit seasons for commencing to plough or
reap, for celebrating marriages or festivals, or engaging
in any business : in the south he is usually a Brahman,
who holds his office by descent, and is paid by rent-free
land, a certain portion of the crop, or other privileges
and fees.
Pajichdada-mdaiyam, Tam. (L(ऽप्,erTreueELarrcchLLita)
Land held rent-free by the willage astrologer.
895
PAN।
Panchaga-mirdsu, Tam. (t-l(ऽ,िerT rºleuवीDrrTe) The
hereditary fees and perguisites of the willage astrologer.
Pancha-kroxi, vernacularly, IPanchkosi, S. &c. (पचक्रोशी)
A circuit of five or six kds, especially that distance round
a sacred city, as Benares, traversing which, and worship
ping at each temple on the way, constitutes one of the
principal ceremonies of the pilgrimage.
Pancharatra, Karn. (ंण्ठ०क्ष्ॐयश्C) The officiating priest
in the temple of Wishnu in Mysore.
JPanchati (?) Beng. A tax formerly levied in Dacca to
defray the salaries of officers employed in examining and .
stamping weights and measures.
Pamch-chhatdik, Beng. (१ेश्ञैiक्) lit., Five chhataks, a
fee of that duantity ofgrain for every rupee's worth weighed.
Panch-do, corruptly, IPuch-doo, H. (P. 99, two) A settle
ment in some places in the upper provinces, in which the
proprietor takes two-fifths of the produce and the cultivator
three-fifths.
Panch-hos{, Mar. (पंचकोशी) A cluster of five or six con
tiguous willages, See also Pancha-krosi.
JPanch-ottara, S. &c. (पक्वोच्वर) Five in excess or addition,
five per cent., and the like : (from pancha, five, and uttara,
ower ; but it is variously modified and corrupted by ver
nacular and European mis-Spelling as follows) :
Pamchatra, (?) H. A fee of five per cent. formerly lewied
upon any amount in dispute from the successful litigant.
JPanchattara, Beng. (**ङ्का) A duty of five per cent. on
imland traffic.
JPanchotara, or Pachotara, H. (9*, 9xञ्:) A duty of
five per cent. on the value of goods in transit : a deduction
of five per cent. from the estimated gross rewenue of a vil
lage : a custom or toll-house for inland traffic.
JPanchotard, or Pamchotarः, Mar. (पंचीतरा -श्री) Interest
at five per cent. per mensem : a surplus of five thrown
in with a hundred (bundles of grass or the like) : a duty
of five per cent. on the value of goods.
Panchotara-kaifiat, H. (c“-Aं 9*) Increase of re
venue from reform of abuses in the inland customs : also,
inland duties. _
JPanch6trd, corruptly, Panchoutra, Tel. (*०० ँ*७)) A
custom-house for inland or transit duties : the chief custom
station in a district.
PAND, Mar. (पांड) A land measure, twenty sguare hathis or
rods, or the twentieth of a bighd ; the Bisma, or Wisrca,
of Hindustan.
 PAN
PANiya, PUNDA, H. (l3ं), PANDA, Beng. (*i७) The pro
prietary or presiding priest of a temple, usually, though
not invariably, a Brahman ; the office is hereditary, and
in some places, as at Benares, the Panda officiates only
on particular occasions, the duties of daily worship being
performed by inferior priests or Pujaris in his employ ः
a priest who is stationary at any particular place or shrine.
PANDAL, or PANDAR, corruptly, PANDELL, Tam. (-्रंठं),
Lif,eछेr), Mal. (o-l6rsict), PANDIRI, or PANDILI, Tel.
(*००००, ६०००9) A temporary shed or booth, a struc
ture of cloth or basket-work supported on posts, for giving
shelter to persons assembled on any festive occasion, as at
a marriage : also any shed.
JPanda-hdical, Mal.(a-l6rse66)?o-l(ct) A fee of a portion of
the crop given to a slave or hired servant employed to watch
it (from pandal, the shed in which he keeps (kaical) watch).
Pandakasala, Mal. (a-l6`se96b००0e-a) A warehouse, a
magaZine, a store-room (vernacular for S. bhanda, a vessel,
and sdld, a hall),
PANDALA, Mal. (a-a०rºspea) The name of a Sitdra tribe
in Malabar, of which the Rāja of Calicut is a member.
PANDAM, or BANDAM, Tam. (-"०dरैण-ta, S. bhandam)
Wessels, utensils : grain ः gold : any thing that should be
kept safe in a store or treasury.
JPanddram, Tam., Mal. (L०ष्ठैT-rTDrta, S. भाण्डारं) Go
vernment : the revenue or financial department of the state :
the treasury ; treasure : goods and chattels.
JPanddra-bddai, Pandara-gddagai, corruptly, JPundarah
cadiki/, Pundarah-cadagaj/,Tam.(-५०dरैशt-ITDr6-rTCOP-,
t-l०र्रा-ITDr6-IIT-co०e) A village or lands of which
the revenue is paid direct into the public treasury, cor
responding with the Khalsa or JKhds collections of Mo
hammadan and British rule : the Panddra-bddagat is
said also to be a name given to villages in the Paleyams
or Paleyagar districts of Madura and Tinnivelly, of which
the inhabitants are Sitdras, and hold their lands by pro
prietary right.-āth Rep. p. 820.
PANDARA, Karn. (*०००० ँ), PANDARAst, Tam. (-"०र्रा
L-rT Drta), PANDARI, Mal. (०-16rºsprol) The designa
tion of a class of Hindu mendicants in the south of India
of the Sitdra or servile caste and Saica sect, often officia
ting as ministrant priests in the temples of Sica : many are
very respectable individuals, and excellent Tamil scholars ः
(Brown (Glossary) calls them mendicant worshippers of
Wishnu. in which he differs from other authorities).
806
PAN
Pandarः, Tam. (- ०र्रा-ITDh) A titular name of a class
of agricultural labourers : a steward, a treasurer. See
Bhdndari.
PANDAwABipU, Tel. (॰णं०ॐ3ॐॐ७, from S. pdndaga, re
lating to P4ndu, or his descendants) Waste land from time
immemorial, or from the heroic age or days of the Pain
data princes.
PANDE, H. (.*७५ पाण्डे) A title of Hindustani Brahmans,
*
but properly applicable only to a certain tribe, a branch
of the Bharadhudja-gotra, one of the chief branches of
the Kamatgjia Brahmans.
PAND'HARA, or PAND'HARi, corruptly,PANDREE, Mar. (पांढर्,
पांढरी) The entire village community, whether actually as
sembled or considered collectively : the whole extent or
lands of a willage or township.
P4adhara-pattt, corruptly, IPandraputty, and Pandery
puttee, Mar. (from पट्टी , a contribution or tax) A tax on
shops, workshops, booths, Stalls, &c., or upon artisans and
traders, and persons not engaged in agriculture, whether
lewied on their persons, implements, or places of work or
traffic, the same as Muhtarafa, ५. v.
JPandhara-pesha, corruptly, IPanderpe/she, Mar. (पोढरपेश,
from P. &*५, practice) A term for classes considered
superior to the cultivator, as the Brahman, writer, gold
smith, blacksmith, &c.
PANDI, Mal. (a-a००*s) A tribe of Christian fishermen in
Malabar.
PANDITA, vernacularly, IPANDIT, or PUNDIT, S. &c. (पण्डित)
A learned Brahman, one who makes some branch of San
scrit learning his special study, and teaches it.
PANDRA, H. ()AG५, पांडर) A kind of sugar-cane sown in
-Maajh, or Phdlgum, and before the rains : the sugar-cane
of the next or coming crop.
PANDRA-PoLAstt’, Tel, (*००ॐय*० ँ9) Garden ground.
Pandra-cddu,Tel.(*००ॐ॰य`ॐ9) Aseller of vegetables.
PANDU, Tel. (*००ॐ9) Fruit.
PANDUMU, Tel. (ं००ॐo ँoo) A measure of capacity e५ual
to ten Tums, or JMarakals.
PANDURf, corruptly, PANDREE, Mar. (पांडुरी, from S पांखुर,
pale) Whitish or chalky soil.
PANDUvA, Hindi (पांडुवा, S. पाण्डु, pale) A light-coloured
soil, a mixture of clay and sand.
PANDwA, Mar. (पौझा) The writer or accountant of a village
or district : an officer employed in the customs: in Madras
it is sometimes applied to the head man of a district.
 PAN PAN

PANDwA, PANpf, S. &c. (पांडमा, पांडी) The ancient Tamil PAsoUL, (?) Mar, A class of mendicants in the Dakhin.
kingdom, the capital of which was Madura ः it was known PAsGUNI, Tam. (-rfugycofl) The first month of the Tamil
by the name of Pandion to the Romans in the time of year (March-April),
Augustus. PANi, H. &c. (G५), Beng. (*fiर्नी), Mar. (पाणी), from PA
PANEJITA, S. (पणेजित) A description of a slave, one who, by NivA, S. (पानीय, from पा , to drink, what is to be drumk,
his own agreement, has become a slave in conseguence of drinkable) Water (in composition and derivation it becomes
being overcome (jita) in any dispute or wager (pana). JPam, Pdm, Pdma, Pdmd).
PANG, Hindi (पाँग) Mud left by inundations ; alluwial soil JPand, Mar. (पाना) Spoiled by rain after being cut, as grain,
deposited during floods. especially rice.
PANGA, Uriya, (99fl) Salt prepared by boiling. JPainddi, Mar. (पानाडी) A water-diviner, a man who pre
PANGU, corruptly, PUNG, Tam. (-rfugy), PANKA, or PANGA tends to discower water beneath the soil, and directs where

Mal. (a-l8o) A share, a part, a portion, a lot ः a share to dig for it.
in a coparcenary willage : the share of an individual Mi JPanakya, Mar. (पाणक्पा) A water-carrier.

rdsiddr : any definite or proportionate share. JPainbhar, written also, Pamboor, (?) Mar. Land recently
Paggali, Tam. (LrādeBrT6rf) A sharer, a coparcener, a irrigated by sinking a new well, or Such as is watered by
coheir. the surplus drainage of wells or pools not situated in it ः
Paggubhdjam, Tam. (LITesta, S. भागं, a share) A share, land liable to be flooded, rent of such land.

a portion in willage land or other divisible property. P4nbharyd, Mar. (पाणभन्या) A water-carrier.
Paggubadi, Tam. (Lirfuं5-IIT ट्ठी) A Share, a portion. P4abudit, Mar. (पाणबुडीत) Destroyed by excessive rain
Paggupirindagargal, Tam. (Liruट्ठ-llPं,ंठ6uद्यैGE6fT) crops, &c.
Joint heirs, persons who have divided amongst them patri Painbaij', (?) Mar. Rent of land liable to be flooded.
monial property. JPanchak{, H. (L**) A water-mill.

Paggukaram, Mal. (a-lec3०6x9forrt) A sharer, a partner, a JPandala, Mar. (पेाणदल) A place that retains water Some
coheir. time after the rains.

Papgundai, also, Pangumalai-lanakku, Tam. (t-lrfug) Pangachaः, Hindi (पनगाचा) Fields saturated with water and
LarT&5rT, from malai, a garland, or any regular series, having it some inches deep on the surface.
a list, a roll, an account ; also with kanakku added, JPanhala, Mar. (पन्हल) A pipe for carrying off water, a drain,
LirāJe)LorTºoर्कैट्,०ष्ठष्ठाफैट्)) A list or roll of shares in an agueduct.
a village shewing the amount of land cultivated by each JPankard, fem. Panlºarin, H. U(*५, ७rं) A man or

member of the community, the changes of property, the woman carrying water-pots on the head.
original divisions, the guality of the lands, and whether JPamherā, Mar. (पन्हेरी) A place by the road-side for
cultivated by the proprietors or by migratory cultivators. supplying travellers with water : the act of supplying
Pagducidam, Tam. (t-lrfugyoufgta) Share and Share alike ; them.

according to or per Share. Panilar, Uriya (alठी36) Rent for irrigation.

Papgucikrayam, Tam. (-rfug)6uीठैeीDLLita) Sale of a
cojarcenary Share.
Paggucikraya-chittu, Tam. (L-rfue)6ulकैeीDru-G*LG)
A bill of sale ; also compounded with the Sanskrit terms
JPatra and Sdsama in the same sense.
Pangucali, or Panguca2hi, Tam. (-rfugट)०-५) A village
held in common by a certain number of coparceners, amongst
whom the lands are distributed at various times, according
JPaniydrं, Hindi (पनियारी) Inundated.
JPaalot, Mar. (पाणलोट) A slope that will carry off water :
a declivity, as opposed to lewel ground, constituting some
times the boundary of a tank.
JPammair, Hindi (पनमार) Soil submerged by floods so as
not to be capable of cultivation.
JPanphol, Mar. (पाणफोल) Ears of rice empty in conseguence
of excessive rain.

to the votes of the majority of the sharers, and are held in Panpiha, Panpihalem, Mar. (पाणपीक, पाणपिकले) Grains
seweralty for a given time under such distribution. that must be sown at the beginning of the rainy Season,
PANGU, Thug. A river Thug of Bengal. Such as reguire abundance of water.
897 • घै I
 PAN
Pdnrah4:h, Mar. (पाणरहाठ) A water-mill.
JPams८l, Pamsdl4, H. (J५“ं, }५.५) A place where water
is distributed to travellers.
JPaintaha, (?) Mar. A small tax on irrigated lands.
JP4nthal, Mar. (पाणयल, from स्यलं, soil) Watered by ir
rigation, soil retaining water.
P4nmral, Mar. (पाणवळ) A place or soil retaining water
some time after the rains.
PASi, Tam., Mal. (Lऽठष्ठी, S. पण) Work, workmanship,
business, office, Service.
JPamihkam, Tam., Mal. (LCठष्ठीळैट्,c्ठा) An artisan, a
workman, a head workman, a master builder, carpenter, &c.
Panihhal, Mal. (a-l5०?ो८96)(ct) A name given to stidras.
Panihairam, Mal. (a-l6r?le6,0fort) An artisan, a work
man, a servant; also an agent or officer on the part of a
superior chief, superintending his dependants and admini
stering justice in a village or district.
JPanippura, Mal. (n_u6rry) 3-(०)
A workshop, a manufactory.
Paninidaihdram, Tam. (Lॐष्ठी6-ीठ्ठुLेeErTDrॐा) An
attendant or ministering priest in a temple.
PANI, S. &c. (पाणि) The hand.
Panigrahana, S. &c. (from ग्रहणं, taking) Marriage, part
of the ceremony consisting of the bridegroom’s taking the
hand of the bride.
Panijrihitd, or -?rihiti, S. &c. (पाणिगृहीता, -गृहीती) A
bride, a wife, one who has been taken by the hand and
legally married.
PANJ, H. (P. 2ं) Five.
Panja, H. (ं), Panja, Mar (पंजा) The hand with the
fingers extended : a representation of the same mounted
on a staff and carried in procession at the Muharram, Sup
posed to represent the hand of Ali.
Panjdati, Sindhi (*ं) Two-fifths of the produce levied
as reVenue. PANOLA, Hindi (पनोला) Land watered after ploughing.
P4nj-tam, or Painj-tani-p(th, H. (P. e्रं ५4-"५७*ं)
PANSARA, Mar. (पाणसरा) An officer of customs, one espe
1The five persons, or the five holy persons of the Shidis
or Muhammad, Ali, Fittima, Hasam, and Hasain.
Panj-tirthi, Uriya (from S. तीर्थै, a place of pilgrimage)A
pilgrim to Jagannath of an inferior class, and who is not
allowed to enter the temple.
PANJA, Mar. (पणजा) A paternal great grandfather. PANJf
(पणजी) A paternal great grandmother.
PANJAITA, (?) GuZ. A large rake for thinning and weeding
corn, drawn by bullocks.
PANJAM-ULiGDAR, (?) Mar, Any one of the chief district or
898
PAN
or willage officers to whom presents or fees (Mlij) are to
be paid, such as the Des4{, Pattil, &c.
PAN.JAw-TARABA, (?) Mal. A class of slaves in Kurg.
PANui, IPANJIRA, Beng. (श्री*औी, श्री*ञ्जिकi) An almanac, a
kalendar. See Pamchdinga.
PASJU, Tam. ('-'(SBei)Cotton-cloth : cotton separated from
the seeds and prepared for spinning.
JPanjinal, Tam. (Li(6,िeºgorrdo) Cotton thread.
PANJURI, Uriya (gं,६.from S. पंच) Five marks representing
a total of five ma unds.
PANKTI, S. &c. (पंक्ति) A row, a company, especially an as
sembly of Brahmans or respectable persons at some religious
ceremony.
Sabha-pamkti, Karn. (S. ॐंऽव्33०ॐ .) A company or as
sembly of persons of one caste, especially when assembled
for discussion.
PANNACHERI, (?) Sindhi. A tax on cattle graZing on public
lands.
PANNAl, Tam. (t-l3र्छरैशॐष्ठा) A field, a rice-fieldः culti
vated ground : tillage, husbandry.
JPaiahaildram, Tam. (L०ठ्ठा&ठठ्ठा' ँ,earTDrc्ा) A husband
man, the foreman of agricultural labourers, especially of
the Pareya tribe, a superintendant of cultivation.
JPannaissumai, Tam. (-!०र्राॐऽऽठा कैGCठुLD) A bundle of
corn in the straw given to the labourors at harvest time.
JPapgai-्//il, Tam. (Loठ्ठा&ठटठाLLrT6fr) A ploughman, an
agricultural labourer.
PANNIAH, PUNNA, PUNNAH, (?) Mal. (?) An estate or farm
the property of the Raja, and cultivated by his slaves.
Kurg. (It may be a corruption of the Tam. Pappai.
PANNIAR, (?) Mal, A class of agricultural slaves in Malabar.
PANNI-MALAWAN, (?) Mal, A servile caste in Malabar.
PANNU, Tam., Tel. (LcठैीgoT) Tax, tribute, custom, rent.
cially employed to levy tolls or transit duties at mountain
passes.
PANSARf, H. (.9५“ं) A druggist, a dealer in groceries,
spices, herbs, &c. See Pasdri.
JPamsdrhatd, H. (GE,५॰ं) Dealing in groceries and drugs.
PANSERI, H. (-9*“५ । for pancha, five, and s6r, the mea
।sure), Pasdri, Pasur{, Beng. (१जiर्ती, श्रृंजङ्गी) A weight
or measure of five sdis, used especially # grain or rice.
PANsf, Hindi (पांशी) A net for carrying grass or straw.
PANsi, IBeng. (*नर्मी), PANsoi, corruptly, IPAUNCHwAr,
 IPAN
PAU NSwAw, H. (.sy~ं) A boat for passengers or goods,
warying in burthen, having a tilted roof of bambu, mats,
and thatch over the aft portion, usually rowed by two or
four men, but carrying a mast and two sails, the most
freguent boat in use on the Calcutta river.
PANT, PUNT, Mar. (पंत), abbreviation of Pandit) A prefix
to the titles of the eight great officers of state under the
old regime, as Pamt-pratinidhi, IPamt-amditya, &c. : when
it follows a name it denotes a Brahman who is not a
Samscrit Scholar, but employs himself in accounts and
writing ः in the northern Sarkārs it denotes a Brahmam
employed as a writer by the gowernment, and is usually
addressed to him in the plural or Pantulu (Tel)
7”antoji, Mar. (पंतोजी) The ordinary willage schoolmaster.
PANTA, Tel. (*००&3) Harvest, crop.
Pangacheruru, Tel. (*००्?य्' ं9ं७) A tank for watering
rice-fields.
Paiatakailu, Tel. (*७०&3ताहeo) Measurement of the crop.
JPai??amirasam, Tel. (*७०8350ॐं७०) Scantiness of the crops.
JPaitasdla, Tel. (ं००&9Gºe) A granary.
JPedda-paiata, Tel. (ब्- ँ००&ं) The first or best crop,
either in time or Guality : the rice or Jandri harvest.
PANTH, PUNTH, (?) H. The name of a class of Brahmans
in Kamaon.
PANTHf, H. (Lsं । पंयी, from S. पंच्या, pamthd, lit., a road,
or, fig., a way of life, a doctrine) The follower of any par
ticular Sect or teacher, or 40llora-panthi,one of the Aghora
sect ; Kabār-panthं, a follower of Kabfr.
PANTHi, or PATHi,Mar. (पांयी, पायी), PANTi, Gu2. (५u००{l)
A share in any business or property.
JPainth?-ddr, Mar., Paintāddr, GuZ. (पांयीदार, पोंतीदाग्) A
sharer, a partner.
JPamtidro, Pamtidlo, GuZ. (५००{1२५ ॥२॥ -&ी) A Sharer, a
partner, an associate.
PANwAR-SHADI,lesscorrectly,PUNwAH-SHADEF,H.(P..go' ं,
marriage : the first term, although printed Pummrah, should
no doubt be Pam-, Pan-rdr9b*५ ,from odr, or mrdr, in com
position, according to, after the manner of and pam, wages,
hire) A kind of marriage in some parts of Bengal of a
female slave to a nominal or wagrant husband, who, for a
small payment, agrees to wed any number of such women ः
cohabitation rarelyfollows,and the object of the arrangement
is to provide a putative father for any child the woman
may bear, by whomsoever begotten, and which then be
comes the property of the owner of the female slave.
890
IPAR)
PAo, H. &c. ७५) A guarter.
Pion, or P4tin, H. (J9५, from P4, for P40, and S. ४na
ञ्जनं, less, minus), Mar. (पाञ्जण) A guarter less ः used in
composition with numerals, as Paijn-6-do, less correctly,
JPaone-do, a guarter less two ; i.e. one and three-guarters .
JPain-6-d0-rtipaiya, two rupees less a guarter ; i.e. one
rupee twelve anas, and so on.
JPd0-tak{, barbarously, Pomutaky, H. ५.**५) A guarter of
a rupee : in Chittagong, an allowance of a guarter rupee
per cent., on the revenue paid to the kanungo.
PAoNA, Beng. (*if&न्बl, S. प्रापण) Due : a debt : what is to
be received or recowered.
Pdoni/% Beng. (?itsनिषi) One who has a right to re
ceive, a creditor, an heir.
JPaiotā, H. (Lँ;५) Income.
PAPA, vernacularly, PAP, H. &c. (५-५ । पाप) Sin, crime,
wickedness.
PAPAR, H. (S. *५, पापङ) A thin crisp cake made of the
flour of any kind of pulse.
PAPAR, Hindi (पापणं) Fertile soil.
PAPATAM U, Tel. (*य`ॐं?ं99) A harrow.
PAR, Hindi (पार) Coarse rice stubble : lands sown with rice
when measured, and so entered in the register.-Puraniya.
PARA, vernacularly, PAR, S. &c. (9५॥ पार) The opposite bank
of a river, or of any piece of water.
JPairrodr, properly, Paracdra, H. (S. 2'9५॥ पारावाग्) On
both sides of a piece of water or river.
PARA, or PAR, Mar. (पाड) Rate, price-current.
PARA, Mar. (पार) A bank or mound round the root of a
-Pipal or IBar tree (Ficus religiosa, or F. indica), where
the willagers are accustomed to assemble ः hence, a village
council.
PABA, Mar. (पड) Fallow land.
PARA, or PADA, Hindi (पडा) The boundary of a field.
PABA, Mal. (a-lo) A measure of capacity, commonly, though
incorrectly, written Parrah, or Parrah, and conseguently
confounded with a different measure : see Parra : the
-Paira is the common grain measure of Malabar, egual to
10 /edangallis, and containing I204 cubic inches, rather
more than 4 imperial gallons or 40 lb. avoirdupois ः as
applied to seed corn it denotes the Guantity reguired to sow
a certain extent of land so as to produce a given amount
of rent by the sale-price of the crop : the land varies in
extent according to its greater or lesser fertility, sometimes
yielding a return of thirty times the seed, sometimes only
 PAR.
five times: the ordinary range ofextent is from about 6400
to about 0000 sguare feet : according to Mr. Arbuthnot
(Malayalam selections), lands in Malabar are distinguished
under three classes, a field of the first yielding twenty-fold,
or about 40 Paras to two of seed, the second fifteen-fold,
or thirty paras, and the third ten-fold, or twenty paras.
PARA, S. &c. (पर) Other, different, inferior, strange, foreign,
&c. (it is used in composition, as is its modification Param,
in all the dialects, in a great wariety of terms having refe
rence to one or other of its significations),
Parabattiyam, Tam. ('-' Drt-' ँठlu-th) Money transactions,
money lent, dealings and accounts with another person.
Parabhdrla, Tel. (*०ॐंग्”g) Referred to another person
for payment, assignment : placing an order for payment
in the hands of another.
Paradesa, S. &c. (देशा, a country) Another, or a foreign
country.
JParadesi, vernacularly, Pardest, S. &c. (परदेशी) Aforeigner,
a stranger, one from another or distant part of the same
country.
JParadesacdis{, Tam. (LDr3ंठGourTङी, from S. वासी , a
dweller) A foreigner, a stranger.
JParadesi//a, Karn. (ं663x) A foreigner, a stranger.
JParadiodra, Mar. (S. द्वाणं, a door ; but this is no doubt either
an error or a vernacular corruption of ddra दारं, S. a wife)
Intercourse with a strange woman, especially with the wife
of another man ः adultery.
Paragotra, S. &c. (गोच, a family) Belonging to a different
family, whether of the same or of a different caste.
Paraja, S. &c. (परज) Born of another father : the son of
a wife appointed to raise issue to a deceased or impotent
husband.
JParakudi, corruptly, JParacoodie, Paracoody, JPoorcoodie,
JPurokoodee, IParagood/, Poodoogood/, Pirakudi, IPura
hudi, having been sadly distorted, Tam. (t-l DTC)५्-, from S.
पर, and Tam, Gu9-', an inhabitant) A migratory or non-re
sident cultivator, one whose proper home is in another place,
one not a member of the willage community and having no
proprietary rights, but holding and cultivating lands in the
willage, either for a stipulated term or at pleasure : the
Pdhā-hdsht cultivator of Hindustan : see kudi.
Parakudi-cttram, Tam. (61- ITDrta , a share) The share of
the crop that is assigned to the cultivating tenant, the rest
being the right of the Mirdsddr, or landlord.
Ul-parakudi, corruptly, Parakudi-ul, more correctly, Ul
400
PAR
kudi, ५. v. Tam. (26frLDreyl१-) A cultivator who, al
though not a proprietor, has inherited the land he culti
wates, and cannot be dispossessed as long as he pays the
stipulated rent: (the counpound, though soused, is an obvious
contradiction, as the cultiwator does not dwell in another
place : it is either an error, or is laxly used for Ulkadi).
Parampara, S. &c. (परँ, repeated) One after another, in
succession, hereditary, traditional ; fem. Parampart, suc
cessive arrangement, Series, lineage.
Parampar6gata, S. (परम्परागत) Come in succession, in
herited, descended.
JParaputrgd, vernacularly, JParaptirba, S. &c. (परपूंश्चैी) A
woman re-married : one who was formerly the wife of
another : seven cases of second marriage, or rather of co
habitation, are acknowledged in Hindu law, but in practice
they are restricted to the Sitdra castes ः I. when the first
marriage has not been consummated ; 2. when a girl has
been unchaste and is married to another than the gallant;
8. when a widow is married to a kinsman to raise issue
for her deceased husband : in each of these the woman is
termed Punar-bhai, she who is (wedded) again ः in the
other four cases she is termed Sicairint, independent, un
controlled ; as, 4. when she cohabits with another man
during her husband’s life ; 5. when she has deserted her
husband for another man, but has been taken back by the
former ; 0. when she cohabits with a stranger after her
husband’s death, for her own pleasure ; and 7. when she
does So under the pressure of some urgent motive, as that
of powerty : among the Marathas, second marriages, termed
JPat, ५. v., are not unfreguent amongst the inferior castes.
JPairasaca, S. &c. (पारशव) The son of a man by another’s
wife : the offSpring of the three first classes by a Sidra
female.
JPdra-straineya, S. &c. (पारस्त्रैणेय, from para and strं, a
female) The son of another man's wife, either one born
of her during her husband’s lifetime, when he is properly
termed kunda, or after the husband’s death, when he is
termed Golaka.
PARA, Beng. (*fiजi) A village, part of a village or town ः
it is commonly used in composition to form the names of
villages in Bengal, as Gokul-pard, &c. Mar. (पाडा) A
cluster of houses situated at a little distance from the
willage to which they belong for the convenience of carry
ing on cultivation.
JPardgdm, Beng. (श्री७i*fiभ) A willage, a hamlet.
 PAR. PAR.

PARAB, Gu2. (५२vt, from S. प्रपा, from पा, to drink)A place
where water is given to passers by.
Parabiya, GuZ. (५२.vil५) A person stationed at a water
shed to distribute water to passengers : one who sells water.
PARABHAwA, S. &c. (पराभव, from परा , implying reverse)
Defeat, disgrace, nonsuit : the name of the fortieth year of
PARAMBU, Tam. (t-Dtht-) Extension, spreading : a board
used for Smoothing a ploughed field after the grain is sown.
JParambadikuradu, Tam. (L Dial-'ंठीफैड्ळ Dr(B) ILevelling
a field before ploughing.-Chtngleput.
PARAMBHATTAR, PARAMBHATTARAk, (?) Conditional sale
of a slave.-Tirhut.

the cycle, corresponding in the current cycle with A.D. I846. PARANCH, or PRANCH, Hindi (परांच) A vindictive practice
PARAIWAN, commonly, but corruptly, IPARIAH, or PARIAR, in Central India, in which a person conceiving himself ag
the latter from the plur. PARAIWAR, also, PARAIvA101 griewed by another attaches a notice to some outhouse or
KIRAvAN, Tam. (-"०००pu-dठैी, Lco०pLLil9-फैeी property, as a barn, an orchard, or the like, belonging to
p6-lcठैी), PARAwAN, and PABA, Mal. (a-afoG2rrb, o-lo) A the offender, announcing that unless redress is granted, or
man of a low caste, an outcaste, performing the lowest compliance with a certain reguisition promised, the pro
menial services ः one of his duties is to beat the willage perty will sooner or later be demolished ; a threat inva
drum, Parai (Lcoxp), whence, no doubt, the generic ap riably accomplished.
pellation of the caste : the Paraiyas, are not known in | PARANCHA, (?) A carrier, a conductor.
India by that name, but they are numerous in the south, | PARAPU, (?) Tam. A guit-rent, a cess or tax imposed by
where they are usually the serfs or Slaves of the Sadra a Zamindār, or by government, upon cultivators.
agriculturists : they are also attached to the willage com- | PARAS, or PARAS-PATHAR, H. &c. (U:9५, D*“9५ , S. स्पर्शे)
munities, performing the duties of scavengers, messengers, The philosopher’s stone.
and other low functions, for which they are paid by por- | PARASA, PARASU, vulgarly, PARsA, PARstj, Mar. (परस, परसू)
tions of the crops, and some small privileges, but they are An enclosure round a house, a yard, especially a back-yard.
not allowed to reside in the willage, hawing a place outside PARASURAMA, S. &c. (परशुराम, or Itama with the (parasa)
assigned to them ः there are said to be thirteen subdivisions, axe) An avatar of Wishnu, to whom the recovery fiom the
। named Wallucapparai,Tddaparai,1'aं20aldnoparai, Dur- sea of kerala, or Malabar, is ascribed, by casting his axe
chaliparai, Kaliparai, Tipparai, IMurasaparai, 4mbu- from a point of the coast, Mount Dilli, or, more accurately
parai, Wadujaparai, Ali/aparai, Waliparai, Wettiydr- in Ptolemy, Purrhus-mons, or mountain of Para४५-rdma,
parai, Koli/ttparai. to the extreme south ; the sea retiring from the part
Paraich6ri, corruptly, Parchirry, and JPatcherr/, Tam. ower which the axe flew ः he gives name to a chronological
(Lcoु pळै3GDP) A Paraiya village, or the part out- era used in Malabar, commencing II76, B.C., and reckoned
side of a willage or town in which the lowest castes in cycles of I000 solar years : the third, or current cycle,
reside. commenced A.D. l82ं with the sun's entrance into Wirgo.
PARAJAwA, S. &c. (पराजय, from परा, reverse) Defeat, ower JParasurdma-srishti, S. (from सृष्टि, creation) The creation
throw, losing a cause, nonsuit. of Parasurdma, the Malabar coast from Gokarna to Cape
PARAM PA, or, as pronounced, PARAMBA, incorrectly, IPA Comorin.

RoMBHA, Mal. (a-l०CO-) A garden, a plantation, espe
cially of cocoa-nut and areka trees, but commonly used in
a wider sense, or for an estate in general ; such planta-
tions forming very often the most valuable part of the pro-
perty ः also, high ground not admitting of irrigation ; also
land raised and drained.
Paramba-pattam, Mal. (a-loCo-Ja-l23०) Rent of planta
tions or of dry lands.
Papambacdram, Mal. (a-loCo-Jo-l9(o०) The share of the
proprietor in the produce of an estate which he has let
or mortgaged.
401
PARATANA, vulgarly, IPARTAN, Mar. (परतनं, from परतणे, to
return) The extent of land that may be annually ploughed
by the single going and returning of a plough, hence im
plying a small field or strip of land, usually about four or
five bijhds.
PARATANI8A, Mar. (परतनिशा) Assurance of credit taken
respecting a person for whom another has elsewhere be
come responsible.
PARATBHANDE, Mar. (परतभांडे) Return, hire.
PARAvA, Mal.(o-2०००-l) Confinement, imprisonment.
Pairdkaram, Mal. (a-l2Ope96)0fort) A guard.
ॐ K
 PAR
JPdrdippura, Mal. (०-१०१8-(C) A guard-room, a place of
confinement.
PARAwAI.KApU, Tam. (LDr6u60GeºrTO) Brushwood.
JParacalkadu-punjay, Tam. (LDr6-60GeºrTOL-ॐTe LL)
IDry cultivation amidst brushwood.
PARAwAN, Mal. (n-lfoo-irrt) A man of a low caste, or the
name of the caste.
PARAwARi, vulgarly, PARwARI, Mar. (परवाणी) The willage
guide and watchman, the JMahdr who performs these duties,
in which capacity this is his more respectful denomination.
PARBHARA-HAK, Mar. (परभाराहक , from परभारा, interme
diately, indirectly) An incidental or occasional claim or
privilege, as a share of the crop, &c., occasionally the right
of a willage officer or servant.
PARBHU, PURBHoo, commonly, but corruptly, called PURwoE,
Mar. (परभू, प्रभु, a chief) The name of the writer caste in
the west of the Peninsula, or of an individual of that
caste : the Pa?"bhus pretend to be descended from Chan
drasema, a Rāja of Malabar, and conseguently to be by
origin pure Kshatriyas ; claiming, therefore, right to the
purificatory ceremonies, or Sanskdras of the Brahminical
code, to read the Wedas, and to wear the cord and other
distingushing marks of the kslatriya, or primary military
caste ; their claims are with reason denied by the Brah
mans, who regard them as of menial origin, and inferior,
therefore, to the pure Suidras : they are divided into three
classes, the Chandraseni Parbluts, who are principally at
Puna, the Patanya, at Bombay and Surat, and the Dha
cani (?) at Goa.
PARCHA, H. (P. *9५) Cloth, clothing', a piece of cloth.
Parchai.jins,Tel. from H.(*य’प्र’हCO983०`?) Clothgoods.
PARCHUNf, H. (4xदु:) Selling flour or meal.
JParchunid, H. ('AG9*,:) A seller of flour.
PARCHURAN, Mar. (परबुरणं) Coin of various currencies as
distinguished from current coin.
PARDA, H. (P. sex) A weil, a screen, a curtain, especially
one which excludes the women of a family from the gaZe
of men.
JParda-nishin, Pardal-nisheen, H. (from P. ७***, sitting,
seated) lit., Seated behind a curtain, applied to a respectable
female who observes the rules of seclusion, and who is on
that account excused from personal appearance in a court
of justice.
PAREHA, Hindi (परेह्) Land watered after ploughing, or
floodedbefore the final ploughing andlevelling of the ground.
402
PAR.
PAREMUDAL, (?) Confiscation of smuggled goods.
PARGANA, PURoUNU, corruptly, PERGUNNAH, H. &c. (*9५,
plur. Pargandit ५-9ं) PARGANA, Mar. (परगणा), Tel.
(ं2०7(छ्पं) A district, a province, a tract of country com
prising many willages, but of which several go to con
stitute a Chakla or Zild ; the actual extent waries, but the
distinction is permanent.
JPargana-kdnungo ,H. ७:G;'ं) The record keeper ofa district.
JParganat-i.jamud, H. (A. e*-) The total amount of re
wenue assessed upon a prowince.
JPangandt-i-kharcl, H. (A. द्व्य9*) The expenses and charges
of a district to be deducted from the gross revenue.
JPargandit-i-nirkli, H. (from ट्रैः9ं , price current) The rates
of the valuation of the crops and the assessment of the re
wenue and other items of expense and receipt which or
dinarily prevail or are established in a district.
JParganamrdr, H. 99ं%A:) According to district ः settle
ment, assessment, &c.
PARI, S. &c. (परि) About, around, back, oft; &c.ः (used in
S. and its derivatives mostly as the first member of a com
pound),
JParichlia, corruptly, JPurcha, Uriya (१६६l) A head officer
or Superintendant, one of the managers of the temple of
Jagannath.
JParidanam, S. &c. (परिदानं) Giving back, or in return,
exchange, barter, Karn. (ं००८oo७०) A bribe.
-Paridhdict, S. &c. (परिधावी) The forty-sixth of the cycle
corresponding in the current cycle with A.D. l852.
JParijralia, S. &c. (परिग्रह) Acceptance, taking a present ः
adoption : a wife.
JParikha, S. &c.(परिखा), Parika, Parihai,Tam. (LDheºrा,
LDhco०e) A ditch, a fosse.
-Partkslid, S, Mar., Beng. (पर्णीघ्वा), sometimes modified, as
JParak/), Parakh, Parkhdं, H. (+ं, ~ं9५. ५stं)
(ॐॐaSगघ ०OC) Inspection, investigation,
JParak/.८1ं, Tel.
verification of measurement or assessment, assay of coins,
analysis, trial, ordeal.
_Parikshaka, S. &c. (परीघ्बक), Parakh, corruptly, Parih,
JPairkhf, corruptly, JPurk)/, and Parkhid, corruptly, Purkea,
Hः (*9५, Jं,५. ५:%:), Parikh, Gu2. (५{\५) An
examiner, an investigator, a money-changer, a banker ;
whence it_is a common cognomen for persons of that class,
as in the case of Gokul-pdralah, or -pdrik, treasurer and
fiuance-minister of Daulat Rao Sindhia ; also, in S. and
the Hindu dialects, a judge : in an inferior capacity, an
 PAR
assayer, a tester, a guager, as the Parkltia of an opium
factory employed to examine the guality of the opium.
Parkhdini, corruptly, JPurkagani, H. (५७५%ं) Examina
tion, especially of coins, assaying.
JParkkera, H. 0*ं) A money-changer, an officer whose
duty it was to examine and value coins paid into the
public treasury.
Parin4ya, S. &c. (परिणय) Marriage.
JParindiya, Parindi//a, S. (परिणाय, परिणाय्य) Wealth re
ceived at the time of marriage, marriage ornaments, or the
like, a woman's own property
Paripdlana, S.&c. (परिपालन) Protecting, cherishing, ruling
over, gowernment.
Parishkaira, S. (परिष्कार) Making entire or perfect. Tel.
(*०eंश्यां) Settlement of accounts in rewenue matters.
JParisālam6ं, Karn. (S. ॐ०3९० ॐe) Inguiry, investigation.
Paricarttanam, S. (परिवर्त्तनं), Tam. (LDºl6-! घै' ँ5०णia)
Exchange, barter ः in the south the term is applied to the
deed by which rent-free land is converted into land paying
revenue, and an eguivalent portion of assessed land is
made exempt.
Paricitti, S. (परिवित्वि) A man whose younger brother is
married before him.
JParicettd, S. (परिवेन्वा) A younger brother married before
his elder.
JParicedama, S. (परिवेदन) The marriage of a younger bro
ther before that of the elder, which is considered to be an
improper act.
Pariurdja, S. &c. (परिव्राज) A Hindu wandering mendicant. PARsAi, PUnsAEE, (?) H. In Central India the willage priest
Parinrdld, or Pariya, Hindi. A hired ploughman who is
bound, by an advance which he cannot repay, to labour
gratuitously during a portion of his time, for the benefit
of the lender.-Gorakhpur.
Parydye, S. (पय्यैश्ाय) Order, succession.
Pariya/a,or Paryaya,Karn.(ं०००GOव्)०9,ॐ०COव् नाoंC)
The succession of the eight Siudmis, or spiritual heads of
the followers of Madhrodicharya, who preside over the
establishments of the sect in Karnata in succession, and
employ the intermediate period in travelling over the
country, and collecting contributions. a Persian (S. पारसीक), H. (U’9'ं)
PARI, or PApr, Uriya (cl?) Daily subsistence. PARTAL, PADTAL, PARTAL, GuZ. (५S०1&t , ५ऽ०t L&{)
"ARIA, or PADIA, Uriya (a३थl) Land out of cultivation, Waste or uncultiwated land.
waste or fallow land.
Parid.jamin, Uriya (from P. ७*9 ॥ land) Waste or fallow
land.
408
PAER
PARIGE, Tel. (*36TR) Gleanings of corn.
PARiNA-DAFTAR, H. (P.AGeAं५,५) Old records.
PARfT, Mar. (परीढ) A washerman by caste and occupation,
the willage washerman.
JParitodrd, Mar. (पर्णीठवाड') The washerman's guarter, the
part of the willage or town where the washermen reside.
PARNALA, H. (ंl9:) A drain, a conduit.
PARosf, Hindi, &c. (परोसी, S. 1aratt, near, 94s{, a dweller,
प्रतिवासी) A neighbour.
PARPAITम, H. (ं ५, परपैठ) The duplicate of a bill of
exchange.
PARRA, Tel. (ॐडॆ) A measure of capacity, the fortieth part
of a Titm : it was also considered egual to five mara
kdls, or 878ं . 4l8 cubic inches or one-eightieth of a
gdrisa, = l8. 836 imperial gallons : by other computations
it was made to contain B68l • 640, or 3744 cubic inches :
the present standard Parra is fixed at 4000 inches ः it is
still rated as egual to five marakdls, but the marakal is
somewhat larger : see Paga.
PARRA, Tel. (ं9७, Or ॐं) A swamp or Salt-marsh.
JParra-guppu, or -uppu, Tel. (ंॐ७.७ं) Swamp or spon
taneous salt efilorescence.
JParre, Tel. (ं७) A salt-measure (perhaps the same as
the Maratha phara, which, for salt, is a man of 64 sers),
PARRU, or PADI)U, Gu2. ot;)Suburb or branch of a wil
lage or town.
PABRUCHiTrI, pron. PATTUCHfrTI, Mal. (a-looa-nāl) A
written receipt.
and astrologer.-Malcolm.
PARsi, Gu2. (५u२.*tl) A worshipper of fire : the name of
the race settled chiefly in western India, in the Bombay
presidency, who still observe the ancient Magian religion:
they are distinguished as enterprising merchants, ship
builders, and traders : their ancestors fled from Persia to
India upon the conguest of the former by the Mohamma
dans, and settled in the latter in the eighth century :
although especially applied to them as followers of a pe
culiar faith, the term properly signifies nothing more than
PARTAL, Hindi, &c. (परताल), Uriya (ag२६)IR) Re-measure
ment, as a test of the accuracy of a previous measure
ment ; revision of a former land measurement or survey :
 PAR,
re-weighment: (perhaps from S. pra, intensitive, and tala,
surface),
JPartdl:jarib, H. (from P. ५-५9-, a certain measure of
land) Re-measurement of land.
JPartal-0jam, Uriya (96.६|R७६१) Re-weighment to de
termine the accuracy of a prewious weighment.
PARTf, H. (ं!): । S. पृथिवी) Waste or uncultivated land.
JPartā-kadim, H. (A. /***ं, old) Land whichhas long been
lying uncultivated.
PARTHIvA, S. (पायैिव) Earthen, relating to earth or land ः
the name of the nineteenth year of the cycle.
PARUGU, Tel. (ॐं9x०) A measure of distance, a kos of
from two to three miles.
PARUKf-wARAHA, Karn. (ंॐoठैe:3&व्ठढ) A gold coin or
-Hum coined by Tipu at Calicut, properly, F%rahā.
PARUPATwA, corruptly, IPARPATwA, Karn. (S. यश्व्ॐo*368)
Management, superintendence.
JPairupatyaddr, Karn. (Cocc*०687त्ळ&) A manager, a
Superintendant, the manager ofa temple under the superior,
a deputy or vice-chiefः
PARUSHyA, S. &c. (पारुष्यं) Harshness, wiolence : in law, two
descriptions are Specified ; as,
-Danda-ptirushya, S. (from दण्ड, a stick) Personal injury,
assault, battery, manslaughter, homicide.
Wik-ptiru://a, S. (from वाच् , speech) Werbal injury, abuse,
slander, calumny, defamation.
PARvA, PARvAN, S. &c. (पट्टे, पश्चैनं), PARB, or PARAB, H. |
(--2x) PARBBA, Beng. (१द्) lit., A joint or point of
junction, but applied especially to certain junctures or
periods of time, as the days of the full and change of the
moon, the eighth, eleventh, and fourteenth days of the lunar
half-month, the solstices, the eduinoxes, the entrance of
the Sun into a Zodiacal sign, of the moon into a lunar
asterism, and the like ; and as these are appropriate seasons
for religious observances the word has come to signify also
any sacred day, a holiday or festival.
JPdrcana, or Pdroaja{, vernacularly, Parbana, or Pdrban{,
corruptly, Parbunny, IPurbang/, Purbong/, S. (पार्श्वेण , fem.
पाघ्रेणी) Any thing relating to a certain Parpa or holiday,
as a ceremony then observed, especially one description of
Srdddha, or obseguial rite ; also the set of progenitors in
honour of whom it is celebrated ः any fee exacted for the
performance of such ceremonies ः an impost formerly levied
on the Ryots, by the Zamindars to defray the cost of the
religious ceremonies and festivities celebrated by the latter.
404
PAR.
Parcana-sraddha, S. &c. (पtचैणश्राड) A graddha, or ob.
seguial ceremony to be observed monthly at the Amdrasya,
or conjunction, or new moon : at this rite three balls or
cakes of rice, pindas, formerly of flesh, are presented to the
manes of the father and paternal grandfather, and great
grandfather, and three to the maternal grandfather, his
father and grandfather, and the crumbs or fragments of
each set are presented to the remoter ancestors in each
line.
PARwA, Karn. (Ja3F-, probably from S.parca) A Brahman,
one who is connected with periodical rites.
JPdroiti, Karn.(व्वं२Fre) A Brahman woman.
PARvATA, S. &c., vermacularly, IPARvAT, or PARBAT, (पझेत)
A mountain.
JParcatiya, Parbatiya, S. &c. (पंचैतिय) A hill-man, a moun
taineer, the hill people of Nepal.
PARwA, (?) H. Light sandy soil of a yellowish tint, ca
pable of irrigation.-Bundelkhand.
PARwANA, H. &c, (P. AG),ं) An order, a written precept or
command, a letter from a man in power to a dependant,
a custom-house permit or pass, an order for the possession
of an estate or an assignment of revenue ; a warrans a
license, a writ ; a paper of permission from a Zamindār
to a cultivator to take up lands, leaving the rent to be
subseduently settled.
JParrctina-bdeu, H. (P. 9;' , the arm, ?) An order from the
Moghul gowernment to the chief financial authority of a
district to relinguish the collection of an assigned amount
of rewenue to the person to whom it has been granted with
the necessary jurisdiction.
Parrodna-gugasht, or P. Tra-gugasht, H. (P. from cº--॰3ं,
passed) An order of the Mohammadan government to re
linguish to a person to whom the revenues of specified
lands have been assigned the right of collection, and all
authority therewith connected.
Parrotina-ā-istakldl, H. (Jं…) An order declaratory of
the right of permanent possession.
JParnfina-ā-kubaliddr, H. (P. 9'e4५;०) An order issued by
the gowernor of a prowince for an assignment of revenue,
or any other right or privilege.
JParrcttnagi, H. &c. (L*'9x) Mar. (परवानगी) Permission.
leave, license.
JParrrdinagi-barddr, Mar. (परवानगीबरदाग्) An officer sta
tioned in the antechamber of a great man to announce
arrivals and obtain permission for them to enter.
 PAR।
Parndnag1-chithi, Mar. (विठी, a note) A licence, a written
pass or warrant.
Bdibat-parrotina, H. (ंly,५५-*५*५, from A. *५, sale : see
Baia) An order or motice of sale, especially on the non
fulfilment of the conditions of a mortgage.
PARwAR, PURwUR, H. (P.299} * cherishing) A patron, a
protector.
Gharib-paricar, H. (-५,e, poor) Protector of the poor,
a common complimentary designation addressed by an in
ferior or dependant to a superior or master.
Parroarda, H. (P. *99ं) Cherished, protected : a domestic
slave.
Parroarish, H. (P. Uं9x) Cherishing, protecting, foster
ing, bringing up.
JPaj’mpasti, H. (P. c*“x),ं) Cherishing, patronising : sup
porting old servants or soldiers after they are past work.
PAIRwf, H. (५*9ः ? पडवी) Asort of sugar-cane sown in autumn.
PAS, H. (P. U~५) Guarding, watching, a guard : a watch।
of three hours.
Pds-bdm, H. (७५~'ं) A watchman, a sentinel, a willage
watchman : also, a shepherd.
JP4sं, H. (.*“५) A watchman.
PASA, PAsA, PAsi, S. &c. (पाश, पाशा, पाशी) A noose, a
loop, a snare, a rope, any thing wherewith to catch or tie
a person or thing : in the sense of a cord or other means
of strangling it occurs also Pladns, or Phdmsa, ५. v. Pasa
also means dice for gambling with.
Pais{, H. (Ls“'ं) A caste of people, or an indiwidual of it,
whose occupation is extracting the juice of the T4rf palm,
so named from their using a rope loop in climbing, passed
round their bodies and round the tree : any one using a
noose, or rope, or snareः a birdcatcher : also, one who plays
with dice, a gambler.
PASAETUN, corruptly,PUSSAEETA, PUSSAITA,GuZ. (५श्uuंश्a
ॐ०) Rent-free lands allotted to the different orders of willage
servants in Gu2erat; also assignments of the same for
religious or charitable purposes.
Pasdātandld, Gu2. (५१॥uन्"०tetu&tu) An inferior village
Serwamt.
Pasdalup, GuZ. (५श्uuºtg०) IAand exempt from taxation
in consideration of military service when reguired.
PASAMA, Mal. (o-uc/e2) Soil of the best guality ; also said
to be designated Pasama-kur, from Kur, or Kuci a pit,
as it is said to be a test of this sort of soil that the hole
or pit from which any guantity has been dug up will not
406
PAS
contain it again ; Pasa is properly ' paste ’ or 'glue,’
referring to the adhesiveness or temacity of the soil, which
must therefore be a kind of clay.
PAsANAyr, Tam. (LerTCoाta) A coarse sort of rice ripening
late.
PASAR, Thug. Place or direction appointed for an expedition.
PASARA, PASARE, Karn. (ंत्येव् ं, *G|जै०ठं) A shop.
PASARf, PANsARf, H. &c. (५9५“:, .9५“ं) A grocer, a drug
gist, a vendor of drugs, herbs, Spices, and groceries .
PASETHI, or PHAsETHI, Uriya (asglo, ध्rsgl6) The head
cultivator of a willage.
PAsHANA, vernacularly, PASHAN, S. &c. (पाषाण) A stone,
a rock. Beng. (*fiषन्तःि) A stone to weigh with. Tam.
(LurTerT०षॆण) A stone, but used in deeds of sale or grants
of land to convey a right to all precious stones, minerals, or
metallic ores that may be discovered in the land transferred.
JPdshdma-chaturda४{, S. &c. (from चतुर्दशी, the fourteenth
lunation) A festival on the fourteenth of the light half
of Mārgasirsha, when Durgā is to be worshipped, and
cakes in the shape of stones are to be eaten.
PASHIM, PUSHIM, H. &c. (P. **५, पशम) Wool, hair, fur.
Pashmina, Pashmina,.H. &c. (ंAA4५, ५***५, पशमीना)
Woollen cloth.
PAsf, Tam. (LirTe*ी) Duck-weed.
JPdsitārgd1ं, Tam. (-rreीरृणै&P6u) A tax on fish।
caught in ponds.
PAstKI, Tel. (*०Kos), PAsIKE, or PAsioE, Karn. (ं७ठं,
*98x7ं) A small fee or bribe given to the government
collectors of the sair or miscellaneous taxes.
PAsonf, Mar. (पासोडी) Lit. A sortof shawl, applied to a small
assignment of rent-free land to the Pattl of the village.
PASSBwA, (?) H. A semifluid sediment obtained from the
capsules of the poppy after the seeds are extracted ः it
hardens by exposure, and is used in making up the shells
of the opium cakes for export : it contains a portion of
morphia.
PAsU, corruptly, PUsHoo, S. &c. (पशु) An animal, especially
a domesticated and useful animal.
JPasupdla, S. &c, (पशुपाल) A cowherd, a shepherd, a farmer,
one keeping or tending cattle.
JPasupdlama, S. &c. (पशुपालन) Care of cattle, one of the
especial functions of the third or Waisya caste : the duty
of cowherds, Shepherds, &c.
PASUBEvAI.A, Karn. (*OKoंॐ९) A merchant, a trader.
PASUGE, Karn. (ॐKo7ं) A share, a portion, a part.
g L
 PAS
PASUMAr, Tam. (Lecopu०) Greenness, the verdure of
thriving crops _ board on which a washerman beats clothes ः a plant, of
Pasumpul, Tam. (Letat-6b) Growing corn ः green grass.
PAsUSKARAI, incorrectly, IPASUNGCARAw, Tam. (t-lerile8
०ठSDr) lit. Eduitable distribution, thejoint proprietary of the
lands of a village by a number of coparceners, who may
either cultivate them in common or parcel them out from
time to time among the coparceners for their several cul
tivation, the right of each being to a definite proportion
of the whole, but not to any one field or piece of land in
particular : it is not in his power, therefore, to sell any
actual piece of the willage land, although he may, with
the consent of the other coparceners, Sell his Share.
PAsUPU, (?) Tel, A gift, a settlement or assignment of land
to a daughter.
PAT, or PATA, S. &c. (पट) Cloth, coarse cloth or canvas ः
covered cloth or chintZ : a cheduered cloth on which chess
or Pachis; may be played.
PAT, Mar. (पट, S. पट्ट) A roll or register, a list of names, a
catalogue or written statement of particulars.
। Patmedr, or Paticdr{, corruptly, Putmparry, Hindi and Mar.
&c. (पटवारं, पटवाणी) A willage accountant, whose duty it
is to keep and to produce, when reguired by the govern
ment revenue officers, all accounts relating to lands, pro
duce, cultivation, changes, and past assessment of a wil
lage: (the term is probably derived from Pat, a register, al
though the office is extinct, or superseded by the Chaugala
among the Marathas ; whilst, on the other hand, Pat, in
the sense of a register or record, is either obsolete or lost
in Hindi). The maintenance of the office of Patndrः
inefficiency is the subject of various Regulations in Bengal :
in some places he is appointed and paid by the Zamindftrs ;
in the north-western provinces most commonly by the wil
lagers ः in Kamaon he is a government ministerial officer
appointed to the charge of one or more Pattis or sub
divisions of a district, and is paid by a small monthly
salary. Ben. Reg. wi. l705 ; xxvii. l809 ; xii. xiii, I8l7;
i. 1818; i. 1819.
PAT, H. &c. (५-५ । S. पत्र) A leaf of a plant ; whence it is
applied to a leaf of a book, or of paper, and thence to a
written paper, a bill, a draft on a banker, a promissory note
or engagement to pay a sum of money at a stipulated time.
P64-bandi, H. (.se:G५) A statement of the particulars of
the assets and debts of an estate as agreed upon between
the heirs and claimants.
406
PAT
PAT, H. &c. (G-५, पाढ, S. पट्ट) A plank, a seat, a stool, the
which the fibres are used as flax, and from which a coarse
canvas and sackcloth are made (Corchorus olitorius and
capsularis) : a sack of coarse canwas, a sack of corn con
sidered as a load ! also, silk, a cocoon of silk.
Patnd, H. (*:, पटवा) A silk-weaver, a maker of braid
and fringe, a stringer of beads.
PAr, Mar. (पाट) A name given to a second marriage among
the Marathas, whether of a girl whose betrothed husband
has died, or of a widow : the celebration is acknowledged
as legal among the lower castes.
P4tddm, corruptly, JPautdauma, Mar. (पाटदाम) A tax for
merly levied on second marriages.
P4tkar{, Mar. (पाटकरी) The husband of a twice-married
WOman_
Patharin, Mar. (पाटकरंीण) A woman marrying a second
time.
PAT, or PATA, Mar. (पाट) A small raised water-course for
irrigating fields and gardens.
Patkari, corruptly, Patcurry, Mar. (पाटकरी) The village
officer in charge of the water-courses, whose duty it is to
see that they are kept in repair, and that the water is fairly
distributed.
Parasthal, Mar. (पाटस्यल) Cultivated ground irrigated by
small channels turned off from brooks or rivulets.
P4tnar, Mar. (पाटवड) A channel to convey water for ir
rigation.
PATA, H. (U५, पटा) A wooden sword, a cudgel.
Patelia’, H. ७५५ं) A cudgel-player.
PATA, H.(Uं) A code or book of regulations for rent collectors.
PATA, Beng. (श्रीछेi) A lease. Sce 7’atra.
Pitdri, IBeng. (श्रीषॆीनी) An agent or factor employed by
a landlord to collect his rents.
PATA, Uriya (9|६), PATAM, Mal. (o-ups०) An open lewel
tract, an expanse of low land or of rice-fields.
PATAI, Hindi (पतै) Straw or grass strewn over a field to pr0
tect the fresh-planted roots from the sun.
PATAR, Mar. (पतक) A body of horse, usually about a hundred.
Pataki, IPatah/ti, Mar. (पतकी, पतकपा) The leader of a
troop of horse : a subordinate officer employed in the col
lection of the customs.
PATA KA, vernacularly, IPATA K, S. &c. (पातक) Sin, crime.
See Mahdjpditaka.
_Patakf, S. &c. (पातकी) A sinner, a criminal.
 PAT PAT'

PATARALAGUTTA, Tel. (Ge&3ऽप्ex०ॐ.) Rent or farm of Patni, H. &c. (S. ८_ंः, पानी) A wife.
taxes on houses and trades. JPatnibhdja, (S. पानीभाग) Division of property amongst a
PATTAKKAN, Tam. (Lंठफैट् ट्रैी) A man of a low caste, an man's widows.

outcaste. PATI, Mal. (a-ap(णी) A half a moiety.

PATAkwA, H. (S. ',ंG५) A messenger. JPatiha, incorrectly, Pateha, Mal. (n-10(ºlce) A share, a
PATAM, Mal. (a-l(D०) The portion of the crop given to the portion, especially of landed property, a half-portion.
reapers in pay of their labour. Patihairam, Mal. (o–ap(छ)e66aport) A partner, a sharer.

PATAMMA, PUTUMMA, (?) H. A deed of usufructuary mort Paticdram, Mal. (a-ap(ºlo-2fo०) A half-share, applied
gage.-Gorakpur. especially to a lease or tenure of land by which half the
PATANI, Thug. A sneeZe, considered ominous. produce is to be given to the proprietor.
PATARA, Beng. (१iउजl) A ration of food ः a waste book. Paticdrachitta, Mal. (a-aprtma-lpro2)s) A written en
PATARA, Tel. (०य” ॐ) A pit for preserving grain. gagement in a lease to pay or to receive half the produce.
PATA ऎ, PATAwAN, or PATAt N, Hindi ७ं, पटाव, पटावणं) PATi, also PATri, IBeng. (श्रीों”ी, श्रों”ी) A slip of cloth, a
Irrigation. narrow strip of land : also the part of a market appropri
PATA v -RUNwAR, Gu८. (५u2॰{1%०१२) The eldest son of a ated to dealers in similar articles : in some places, a vil
Thākur or Raja in GuZerat. lage or cluster of houses detached from, though dependent
PATELA, H. (!ं) A large flat-bottomed boat used for mer on, the original willage.
chandise on the Ganges. |
|
PAri, Beng. (*षॆि*ी) A fine mat : a plant of which such
"

PATH, H. &c. (-्रं, पश्य, from S. पयिन) A road, a way, a mats are made (Cyperus inundatus).
path, fig., a doctrine, a sect. ।
|
PATIA, H. ('AJः, S. पचिका, a page) The written opinion of
Pathika, vernacularly, Pathih, H. &c. (e_५，ः, पथिक) A | a Pandit on a duestion of Hindu law.
traveller. PATIAR, Thug. The cry of the partridge.
PATHA, vernacularly, IPATH, Hindi, &c. (S. पाठ) Reading, (g६थ|C) Trust, confidence.
PATIARA, Uriya
a reading', a lecture. PATICHoR, Beng. (*fiउि८प्रोक्तः, from pati, a little) A petty
Pathak, Hindi, &c. (S. पाठक) A reader, a public reader, ।
thief

a Brahman who reads the epic poems and Puranas in | PATIDAR, GuZ. (५u४l९u२, probably wernacular corruption
public: the name of a class of Maratha Brahmans: in Orissa, of Pattiddr, ५. v.) A hereditary cultivator.
a designation of mixed impure castes : (but this must be PATiI., corruptly, PoTEEL, Mar. (पाटील), PATEL, corruptly,
either a vermacular corruption or error for Pattaka, a sin POTAII.. POTTAr., H. &c. (Jं, पटेल), PATAr, Karn.
ner, one fallen or degraded) (*०e9९०) The head man of a willage, who has the
Pathsdl4, Beng- (S. श्रiठैश्iiलi) A school, a college. general control and management of the willage affairs, is
PATHA, (?) H. A measure of seed edual to about two sers, head of the police, and exercises, to a limited extent, the
whence it is applied to a measure of land or as much as functions of a magistrate ; he is also the principal agent
may be sown with that guantity of seed ः it is rated at in the realiZation of the revenue, and the chief medium of
abouit twenty yards by two, or 240 sguare feet.-Kamaon. communication with the officers of the gowernment : in
PATHAN, H. (७५ं) The same as Afilliam, but chiefly used in the Maratha countries the office is freguently held under a
Hindustan to designate adventurers of that mation or their government grant, in many instances that of the govern
descendants, who have colonised and settled in India, espe- । ment of Delhi, and has certain emoluments and privileges
cially in Rohilkhand. attached to it: it is hereditary, and Saleable with the con
PATHAR, or PATIIAR, H. &c. 9*४.9*५, S. प्रस्तरं) A stone. sent of the government, and the actual occupant may admit
Patharild, H. (!५9ं) Stoney, as Soil. a partner : the term is principally current in the countries
Pathariyd, Beng. (*fiथर्त्रीष), Patharicat, Mar. (पायरवट) inhabited by, or subject to, the Marathas, and appears to
A stone-cutter or breaker by caste and occupation, a mason. be an essential Marathi word, being used as a respectful
PATHo Ri, Thug. The chirping of a small owl. title in addressing one of that nation, or a Stidra in general :
PATI, H. &c. (S. ५_ं, पति) A husband, a protector, a master. it may be derived from Pait, a water-course, the supply of
407
 PAT
water being fitly under the care of the chief person of the
village ; or from Pat, a register or roll (of the inhabitants,
&c.) of the village. Bombay Reg. xii. 1827.
JPatili, Mar. (पाटिली) The assignment of land or perdui
sites and allowances of the Patil. _ edicts are engraved : a written page or leaf any written
Patilk:, Mar. (पाटिलकी) The office of Paril.
JP4tilpatndr{, Mar. (पाटीलपटवारी) A comprehensive term
for the officers of a village implied by the designation of
the head man and the accountant.
PATITA, or, vernacularly, PATIT, S. &e. (पfतत) Fallen : lit. or
metaph., fallen from rectitude, wicked, wile, outcaste : fallen
off waste, neglected, uncultivated, fallow (as land) ः in
Puraniya, a term for a reduced rent on lands which a Ryot
is allowed by his lease to retain without cultivating them.
JPatitdhdid, Beng. (*उिजीदी)ि The occupation or cultiva PATTA, S. &c. (पट्ट) Silk, a band or fillet of silk, especially
tion of fallow lands, or Such land brought into cultivation :
a tenure under which waste lands were held on favourable
terms on condition of bringing them into cultivation.
Patitdbddi-pird-kami, Beng. (from P. gird eA, around,
and –***ः deficiency ; श्रउिउiवiङ्गि*ीद्वङ्गाझि) IDiminution
or deficit of rent on waste lands brought into cultivation,
in comparison with that lewied on neighbouring lands.
Patit-Hami, Beng. (*ङिडदभि) Deficiency or remission of
rent on account of fields left uncultivated.
PATIvA, Mal. (a-arºlo-l) A register, a lease, a written docu
ment given to Ryots acknowleging their right to cultivate.
PAr KA, H. (Kं) A girdle, a sash.
2ari-patkd, H. (४ं-9;) A gold sash or girdle granted by
the Peshwa to his chief officers : the national Maratha
standard. See Jari-path4.
PAgr.A, Tel. (ं9ंका') Rice-land yielding an intermediate
crop between the first and second crops, being under water
during the wet Season.
PArMAi, H. (L*ं, पटमई) Sowing fresh sugar-cane after
cutting the old.
PATORI, Thug. A small owl.
PAToTr, (?) H. A lease or agreement between the proprietor
and cultivating occupant of land, limiting the amount of
rent demandable, and leaving the tenant in possession as
long as it is paid (perhaps for Pattacatt, possession ofa
Patta).
PATPAR, Hindi (पतपड) Newly-formed land so situated as to
receive an annual accession of alluwial deposit.
PATPARf, Hindi (पतपडी) Surface of soft land caked by sun
shine after rain.-Puraniya.
408
PAT
PATRA, vernacularly, IPATR, corruptly, PUTTER, &c. (पच),
PATTIRAM, Tam. (-' ँठीDrth) A leaf of a plant or tree,
any leaf used for writing upon, as that of the birch or
palm, or a sheet of paper or metal on which grants or
document, as a grant, a deed, a bond, an almanack.
Patrihd, S. (पचिका), Patrike, Karn. (*०डॆटॆ) A written
paper, a letter, a deed, a document.
JPatrudu, Tel. (*०७/ॐ०) A steward, a cash-keeper, a
manager for another.
PATRA, vernacularly, IPATR, S &c. (पाच) A vessel ; whence,
fig., a fit person, a person of capacity.
PATRAvAnU, Tel. (*०७2/~ण`*9) A man of a tribe of hill
people.
of old the mark of royalty ; as seen on the coins of the
Seleucidae and their Indo-Bactrian successors ः in Karnata
a plate of brass with magic verses worn for some days on
the forehead of a Brahman to avert the consegences ofhaving
been born under an unlucky conjunction of the stars.
Pattardni, S. &c. (पट्टराणी) Patrdni, H. (.?],५) A gueen,
one who has been crowned or has had the royal fillet on
her brow.
PA'''A, PUTTA, corruptly, PoTTAH, current in most dialects,
sometimes slightly modified, H. (ं), Mar. (पट्टा), Tel.
(ं9ं '), PAयू"E, Karn. (०ं), PATTo, Sindhi, IPATTA,
PATTA, Uriya (ं, 98|)ः it is also read in Beng. and Uriya
with a single t, and in the former with the first wowel
long, PATA, PATA (श्रीघ्रे, ६l8l), PATTAwAyr, PATTA, cor
ruptly, PATTIAM, PATrroM, Tam. (-lt---LLita, LLLIT)
PATTAwAM, Mal. (o-l3Gu०) A deed of lease, a docu
ment given by the collector to the Zamindār, or by some
other receiver of revenue, to the cultiwator or under tenant,
specifying the condition on which the lands are held and
the value or proportion of the produce to be paid to the
authority or person from whom the lands are held : the
term is laxly applied to a variety of deeds securing rights
or property in land, also to a deed of gift in general : also,
in the south of India, to a title or appointment of office,
or to the office itself, as to that of manager of a temple:
JPattas have been the subjects offreguent legislation. Ben.
Reg. wiii. 1798 ; iv. 1794 ; v. 1795; w. I812 ; vii. 1822.
Madras Reg. xxx. 1802; w. l822.
Patta-amudmi, (?) IDesignation ofa willage held under a lease
by cultivators from gowernment direct.-South of India.
 PAT
Pattaddr, H. &c. (9otं, पट्टादाग्) One whoholds a lease
or engagement for his lands.
Paff८-dahsala, H. (Ju०४etं). A lease for ten years.
Patt6-jandjat, H. (५-५-9-Uं , frown S. जन, a man,people)
Leases granted to tenants or cultivators individually.
Pattaharan, Tam. (Lutं--rTळैerTDrdठैी) A leaseholder.
Pattakattu, (?) Tam. Agreement of cultivation. See Pat
tukattu.
Pattāmdniyagar, (?) Karn. The principal or managing
holder of land held by several persons under a Patt6
granted in the name of the principal.
Patt4mani/ahdran, Tam. (-lt-l-nTLarToooflu-"कैerT
DrcठैT) A principal inhabitant appointed for the collection
of the revenue and management of village affairs.
JPatatdlikaं, Uriya (98॥६॥२ि२l) A list or register ofleases.
Pattatalul, H. (Glºgtं) A dependent talah, or estate, held
on lease, or Patta, from a Zamindār : such a tenure is
generally heritable, but not transferable, and the land lapses
to the Zamindār on failure of male heirs.
JPattā-thāk4, more corregtly, Thik6-patt4, barbarously, Pat
tah-tucka, छ् Rep. H. (ं,४ं) A contract or farming lease,
a deed assigning lands in farm for stipulated conditions.
Pattdoirutti, Tam. (LLL-rr6ul(Cछंठी) Rent-free land
held by Brahmans (from S. ciruddl.i, opposition, held
without a Patta).
Pattdroat, (?). A Rajput chief who holds land from a su- ।
perior at a guit-rent, on condition of military service.
PATTA, Mar. (पट्ट) A belt.
Patteharं, or Patterodld, Mar. (पट्टेकरी, पट्टवाला) A mes
senger with a badge or belt, a Peom.
PATTA, (?) Hindi. A bale, a package.
PATTA, (?) Tel. A measure of land = 16 ga2.-Northern
Sarkārs.
PATrADAI, Tam. (t-lt---co०-) A corn-rick: a portion ofthe
cropgiven as a compensation to the ploughman : a workshop. |
Pattadaikalami, Tam. (t-lt-l-०००-वैeः!pcofl) A culti
vated field artificially irrigated.
Pattadaiydr, Tam. (- ---०००-u-rrघै) Proprietor or su
perintendant of a manufactory..
PArrADr, Karn. (ॐं०) A district.
PATAIKAL, Tam. (J1-०००-erT6b) High land irrigated
by water thrown up from a lower level.
। PATrArwAM, Tam. (- --co०-ut-lta) A deed of gift either on
paper or copper : (see Pattayam, under Patta : it is no
doubt the same word with the Tamil nominal termination),
409
PAT
PATTAKDAR, corruptly, PUTUCKDAR, (?) An officer em
| ployed originally to collect the revenues of government in
| Tanjore, and who, in many cases, appropriated the estates
and became identified with the Mirdsiddr-Fifth Rep.957.
(According to the Glossary, the term means lit. book-keeper,
accountant, from H. Patak (v4-'ं), but there is no such
word in Hindustani in that sense, nor in any other dialect,
as far as the dictionaries are authority),
PATTAM, commonly written, IPATAM, and, corruptly, IPAToM,
Mal. (a-l25०) Rent, hire, contract, lease (no doubt the
Pattd of other dialects, but applied to the thing rather than
to the document, as by the following) : the Paitam of an
estate in Malabar is a stipulated proportion of the produce,
paid in kind in the case of grain, in money in that of
plantations.
Patta-chātta, corruptly, Patom-chit, Putta-chit, Mal.
(a-l2329ls) A deed oflease, the written engagement given
by the landlord to the tenant, also by the tenant to the
landlord, agreeing to pay a certain amount of rent.
Patta-hdinam, Mal. (a-a03c6x96r००) Rent, tax ; rent of a
property paid to a certain extent in advance, See Kainam
1)dtam.
Patta-kandam, Mal. (a-a23c86b6`s०) Rented corn-fields.
Patta-karam, or Pattam-karam, or, in current use, P4
tamhdr, (a-a93c86)9(orrt) A tenant, one who holds land
by paying rent.
Pattakudissiha, Mal. (०-19sºasीgंle) Arrears of rent.
Pattali, Mal. (a-a2393)) One who collects the rents of a
temple : a wictualler at a temple.
Pattanella, Mal. (a-l936)COंG) Rent paid in kind or in
rice-corn
P4ttapara, Mal. (o-238-(०) A large measure, or para)
used in measuring seed-corn : the produce, and the propor
tion as rent.
Pattaparamba, Mal. (o-4238-4०CP-I) A garden or plan
tation let on lease.
JPattapraoritti, Mal. (a-aps७-9ं9(orom) The office of rent
gatherer to a temple : the office of a victualler.
Pattayola, or Pattola, or Pattagyolakaramam, Mal.
(०-1936)oo)0ea , a-a06\Spea , a-a936)oo)0eac86)(oCo०, from
ola, the palm leaf and karamam, an instrument) A lease,
a deed of lease or of transfer of land upon mortgage.
JMarupattam, Mal. (2oo-493०) Counterpart covenant of
lease kept by the proprietor
Werum-pattam, corruptly, Weerom-pattom, Mal. (6)o-lo०
छ M
 PAT
a-l9s०) Rent without any advance or security, simple
rent ः (from oerum, empty).
PATrAst,Tam.(t-lt--th,S.पट्ट) Government, authority,king
dom t a head ornament symbolical of authority : a crown.
Pattaghatti, Tam. (t-lt-- rtuet-l9-) A chief: a village
headman of the Paraoar, or fisherman caste.
Pattdlai, Tam. (-lt-6-rrºo), Pattola, Mal. (a-l6)s9e-!)
lit., The crown dlai, a royal edictः also government records,
monthly abstract of the account of public receipts and dis
bursements.
PATTANA, S. (पक्वन), vermacularly, PATTAN, the tt sometipes
becomes tt, as PA'''AN, or PUTrUN, or PATNA, H. (Jं,
Uं), Mar. (पट्टण or पत्तन), Karn. (ं२, ॐ ं )
Tam. (-n-L-००णta) A town, a city, whence Patna in
Behar, and Puttum in Sindh, &c., as being the city, or
one deserwing the appellation : the term is said to have been
also applicable to a willage granted rent-free by a viceroy
of a province to a Zamindār (?) : in Orissa it is applied
to a village without lands or township, being confined to
the ground on which the houses are constructed, and pay
ing no land revenue, though subject to Chandina, or mis
cellaneous imposts for ground-rent, &c. In Bengali, IPattam
(*ङ्म) also means the first settling of a colony, a village
Or town.
Pattan-kami, Beng. (P. ५*, less) Remission or diminution
of rewenue in favour of new settlers on waste lands.
Pattana-setti, Karn. (S. ॰ं) The chief merchant
of a town, the head of the traders, exercising a kind of ar
bitration in disputes respecting caste or usage : corruptly
Patma-chitty, which, with another corruption wholly un
verifiable, Patma Bogami, is said to have formerly de
moted a tax on the heads of the right and left-hand castes
in a town, in consideration of their being allowed to im
pose cesses upon the castes : under the early financial
arrangements of the Madras Presidency the privilege was
withdrawn from the head men, and the imposts on the castes
were transferred to the government.-āth Rep. p. 700.
Pattanasmodmi, Tam. (LLL-००ठाGi6-IITLaी, from S. खामी,
a master) A head man among some of the castes, who acts
as arbitrator in disputes among themselves or one another.
Pattammodr, H. 9'ं) A division of the Kttrmf caste
in the vicinity of Nandaur.
PATrAN, H. (७'४) Act ofordering goods from a manufacturer.
JPattam{, H. ५.*ं) Commissioned, manufactured to order.
PATTANI, or PATTANf, incorrectly, PUTTANw, more usually
410
PAT
written PATNI, or PUTNEE, Beng. (ओंकुंनी, पक्वनी) A tenure
by which the occupant holds of a Zamindar a portion
of the Zamindārt in perpetuity, with the right of here
ditary succession, and of letting or selling the whole or
part as long as a stipulated amount of rent is paid to
the Zamindār, who retains the power of sale for arrears,
and is entitled to a regulated fee or fine upon any transfer :
the tenure created by an under-letting in the second degree
is termed Dar-patnt (or lease within lease) ; and a third
under-letting is denominated Seh-patnं (from the Persian
sch, three) : this description of sub-tenures originated in
Burdwan, being created by the Rāja or Zamindār ः it has
been extended and Sanctioned by Regulation. The word
Pattami, or Patni, is not found in any dictionary, and
is diferently explained by those who use it : Mr. Harington,
Analysis 8. 6l9, says it may be rendered 'settled or esta
blished,’ which is very guestionable. In the Sudder Di
wānf Reports 2. 99, Puttum is said to have been incor
rectly interpreted 'dependant,’ whilst it really signifies
'constituting ;' but this is egually doubtful. As the term
originated in Burdwan it must be Bengali, but its omis
sion from the dictionaries leaves it uncertain whether it
should be written with the cerebral or dental ८ : if with
the former, it probably bears a relation to Patta, or Potta,
(*्र) a lease ; if with the latter, to Pattana (*डुन)
colonising : the former seems the more likely,
Pattanā-ddr, or Patni-dar, Beng. &c. (*डुनिक्रांज्ञ) The
holder of an under tenure.
Pattami-ij4rd, H. ()७-', a farm) A farm held as an under
tenure of the landholder or proprietor.
Pattani-taluka, or taluk, Beng. &c. (P. A. J*ं • a depen
dency) An estate, or portion of it, underlet in perpetuity
by a Zamindar at an advance on the revenue he pays to
government ; as long as the stipulated amount is paid, the
estate is heritable and transferable, in the latter case with
the concurrence of the Zamindar, on payment of a regu
lated fine. In the event of arrears it may be sold by public
auction at the kachcha?' ं of the collector.
PATTAN, PATTANAR, Tam. (L-IrTLL-ॐौा, t-IITu---6ष्y))
A grandfather.
Pitti, IPattiydr, Tam. (-IITu-19-, -rTLL१-LLITºr) A
grandmother.
Koppattan, or kidpattam, Tam. (GearTLLITLLॐा,
&eErTuं-LirTLL-ॐा) A forefather,.an ancestor.
PATrANJAMA KuURD, (e,*- e*+ं) A monthly treasury
 PAT
_
account under the Moghul gowernment, specifying the
receipts and disbursements of each month.
PArrAR, or PATrARA, Mal, (a-lsft), a-lso) The name given
in Malabar to foreign Brahmams who there are usually
traders and money-lenders.
PArrARAI, Tam. (-n-t-०००gp) Land irrigated from wells.
PArrARI, Karn. (ं99१०) A village servant, an examiner of
tax money and measurer of public grain.
PArTEMAR, Mal. (Co6a(orocapro), PHATEMARI, Gu•. (५दt
भtuग्0 A vessel with one mast, used on the Malabar
coast, of from ten to eighty tons.
PAppf, PUयू''EE, corruptly, PUTrv, H. &c. ५.*ः S. पट्टी) A
part or portion, a division of a village, a division of land
into separate portions or strips : in the north-west pro
vinces, an original share in a joint or coparcenary village
or estate comprising many willages : it is sometimes defined
as the smaller Subdivision of a mahal or estate, the larger
being termed Thoka t so in Gu2erat it denotes the secondary
share orsubdivision of a principal bhdg or share ः in Bengal
it also implies the part of a market appropriated to one
description of dealers ः in Kamaon it is the nominal divi
sion of a Pargana.
Pattiddr, Putteeddr, corruptly, Putryd4r, H. &c. 9Aं)
The holder of a share in a coparcenary willage or estate.
Ben. Reg. i. 1795; xxvii. 1808. Act i. 1841.
Pattid4?' ं, Putteedaree, H. &c. (.9'Aं) A tenure of a
coparcenary nature, but in which the lands are divided and
held in severalty by the different proprietors, each person
managing his own lands, and paying his fixed share of the
government revenue, through an accredited representative of
the whole, being jointly responsible in the event of any
one sharer being unable to fulfil his engagements ः this
’ is the perfect, or Makmilpattidar: : a modification of this
tenure also exists,known as Namakmil (UAं-८७), imperfect
_Pattidart, in which part of the land is held in common and
part in severalty; the profits from the land in common being
first appropriated to the payment of the government revenue
and the willage expenses; and the surplus being distributed,
or the deficit made up by a rate, or bdichh,on the several hold
ings : the principle by which the distribution of the several
divisions or Pattis is regulated is very various, and not
always well defined ः in some cases it has the character
of ancestral or of successive partition amongst joint heirs,
in others of usage only : the realisation of the government
revenue, although it might be effected from each Pattiddr,
411
PAT'
is more usually, as more conveniently, received from one of
their number, the Sadr-mdlgusdr, or Lumberddr, G. v.
Act i. 1841. __
JPatt{ndr, H. (9b.*:) According to shares, assessment, &c.
PATrf, Mar. (पट्टी) A share of a village, as above, but more
usually employed to denote a general collection or contri
bution : it was applied especially to an addition made by
a former minister of the Peshwa to the fixed assessment,
thence called the Patt{, but subseguently it came to sig
nify any occasional or extra impost or cess, the 4brodb
of the Mohammadans : the number and variety of these
Pattts under the Maratha administration were infinite and
most vexatious ः in the Paina collectorate alone they ex
ceeded forty : the following are a few of the number.
Ghar-patti, (from घर:, a house) House-tax.
Gos4ui-patt{, (from गोसावी, a religious mendicant) Col
lection for a band of religious mendicants on their visiting
a willage.
Khusdl-patt{, (खुसाल, for S. कुशलं, prosperity) Tax on a
willage by a Pattl or other public officer on an occasion
of private or public rejgicing, as a birth of a son or the like.
JKudicar-patti, Karn. (&१ऽब्eं) An extra tax on the
people in general; a contribution or subscription for any
public purpose.
P4sodi-patti, (from पासोडी, a shawl) A contribution for a
new shawl or a turban to the Paitāl.
Samudri-patti, (P. ५.9';*५, a riding) Cess to defray the ex
pense of a visit by some person of rank or in authority.
Pattihana, Karn. (ंॐं) A money cess or contribution.
PATTI, Karn. (?) A measure of land waring with different
qualities of soil : ofdry lands it contains from two to twelve
hurgis ; of moist lands from one and a half to eight.
PATTI, corruptly, PUTTw, Mal. (?) A statement of a case :
a petition filed in court : an account, Such as that kept by
the willage accountant, as
Patti-Tcasttli, A statement of the revenue collected and re
mitted from a willage to the district treasury : a list of ac
counts or wouchers.
PATTr, Tam. (t-lt-l१-) A place : a cattle pen : a small
willage.
Pattikadu, Tam. (LLL१-GearT ($) A scattered hamlet.
Pattinam, Tam. (-lt-l9-०णta) A small village, especially
one of fishermen on the sea shore.
Pattinacan, Tam. (t-lt-l१-०ण61-Joंग) A fisherman, one who
fishes at sea.
 PAT
PATTI, Tel., Karn. (ं) A specification of abuses or frauds
charged against a public servant : it is also used in the
Same sense as the Marathi term for an extra cess or impost.
PATTr, Tam. (–rrछैट्ठी) A small bed or area : a small corn
field : a salt-pan : a part, a share,
JPattiyam, Tam. (–rrछै्ठीu-ita) Affinity, connexion en
titling to a share, inheritance : bail, security.
_Pattiyan,Tam.('- ITLu१-ut-ldठैी।) An heir, an administrator :
a surety.
PATTIGE, Karn. (*33.7ं) Share, partnership.
JPattijeydrambha, Karn. (*33.* ०ंग्छॐ०ं, fromS.4ram
bha, undertaking) A joint farming or trading concern.
PATTINA-RANDU, Mal. (from a-loo, ten, and fo6rं, two)
Two out of ten, twenty per cent. interest or profit.
PATToRA, (?) One of the willage accounts, an account of
receipts and disbursements, made up for Six or eight months,
formerly kept by the Patnydr{.
PATrU, H. &c. ७५ पटू) A kind of woollen cloth.
PAयूTU, Tel. (ं) Silk.
PATTU, Karn. (ं9ं) A sum received or credited in account.
PATTURADU, corruptly, PUTTCUT, Tam. (LंठैेकैerrG)
A fixed assessment or rent on dry land.
PATTURAयू"U, Tel. (ं) corruptly, PUTKUT, some
times PATTU-KAT-RAwAT, when applied to persons. A
term formerly in use for the hereditary proprietor or
cultivator of land in a village paying a fixed assessment
to the government, considered the same as the Mirdsiddr.
-āth Rep. 882, 977 ः lease of landheld by an individual
cultivator on terms rated on each field severally, the fields
being So distributed as to give each occupant a fair pro
portion of good and bad soil ः (the term occurs in this sense
as Patkat or Putkut in some of the settlement reports
of the north-western provinces, but its origin and correct
spelling are doubtful : as well as the Telugu word, it is
probably a corruption of the Tamil Pattukadu),
PATTUwALE, Karn. (ं23५ॐं) Bribery, amount of frauds or
embeZZlement charged to a public functionary.
PATU, Uriya (ं) Alluvial deposit left by inundation.
PATU, Tel., Karn. (ंग्a&39) Labour, work : cultiwation.
Patum6la, Tel. (०ष्&x०त्ऽe) High ground.
PATULI, Beng. (श्रीकूली) A large boat used on the Ganges
for carrying goods.
PATUNi, H. (G;५) A ferryman.
PATwA, H. (; ;) Irrigation.
Patngd2amin, H. (७*9'*ं) Land artificially irrigated.
412
PAW
PAU, or PA0, corruptly, JPon', Hindi (?) A natural flood
from the drainage of high upon low land in the rainy
season.-Bundelkhand.
PAU, Thug. An acguaintance and accomplice.
PAUpHA, PAU D'HEI.A, Hindi (पौधं, पौधेला) Ground on which
plants have been sown for transplantation.
PAULI, GuZ. (५u१८{l) A silver coin, a guarter of a rupee.
PAUNARBHAwA, S. &c. (पीनभैव) The son of a twice married
woman : see Pumarbht1.
PAUNf, Hindi (पौनी) A collective name for the low castes
who furnish the willage constables, the barber, washerman,
shoemaker, and Chanddla.
PAURA, Tel. (?) A good garden soil of clay and lime.
PAURNAMAsA, S. &c. (पौणैमास) Relating to the Pdrmamaisi,
or day of full moon, or any ceremony to be observed on
that day.
Paurnamdsi, S. &c. (पौणैमासी) Day of full moon.
PAUsHA, vernacularly, IPAUSH, or PAUs, or PUs, S. &c. (पौष)
The month Pausha (Dec.-Jan.) : it is applied to the winter
or cold-weather harwest.
Paushā, S. &c. (पौषी) Day of full moon in the month Pausha.
PAUTH, (?) Hindi. A tenure of land in coparcenary willages
under which the fields are subject to periodical re-distri
bution among the sharers--Banda.
PAUTI, (?) Beng. A measure of grain.
PAUTf, Uriya (a|६६) An acknowledgment, a receipt.
PAUTI-JAMIN, (?) Tel. A garden soil containing lime.
PAUTRA, fem. PAUTRi, S. &c. (पौच, पौची) A grandson, a
granddaughter, the son or daughter of a son.
PAwADA, Karn. (ॐञ्ग्व्)ॐ) The practice of Jangama priests
and Waishnava mendicants in Mysore of wounding or muti
lating themselves to extort alms.
PAwERA, Hindi (पवेरा) Sowing seed by hand.
PAwi, Hindi (पवी) A dyke cut to let water either in or out.
PAwITRA, S. &c. (पविच) Pure ; also sub., sacred grass ः the
Brahmanical cord.
PAvU, or PAऐं, Tel., Karn. (*य`ं७, from the H. pda) A
Guarter : a weight of four sers.
JPakkapdgu, Karn. (ंण्ठं७) A guarter of a ser.
Pacali, or -le, Karn (Gवॐ9,-9), Paual4, -li, or Pi
?cal4, -li, Mar. (पावला -ली) A guarter of a rupee.
PAvUNi, Tel. (॰ण`ं७&) Division of any thing.
PAwARA, Hindi 9५, पावडा) The vessel that receives the
juice of the sugar-cane as it is ground.
PAwARARi, also read PAIRARI, and, corruptly, IPAwCARRW
 PAw
PvAcARRv, and PUCKAREE, Tel, Karn. (ॐ०9श`०)
A temporary cultivator, one who cultivates the land of
another for a stipulated term and a given share of the cropः
(when little was known in India of the languages, except
a little Persian, this word was derived from pai `3ः a
foot, and ७99४, to labour (it should have been, to 3ow)
in which case the correct reading would be Paikdri, but
this is no doubt an error, and the word, although now dif
ferently spelled, should be Payir-kdri, or -hdram, ५. w).
PAyA-KUDI, corruptly, PwAKOODIE, more correctly, IPAwIR
KUDI, g. w. A temporary cultivator.
PAwALf, corruptly, Pw LEE, PAHALEw, PUHELI, PUHEELEE,
Mar. (पापली) A measure of capacity containing four s6rs ;
but the Maratha government, in receiving revenue payments
in kind, acknowledged a P4yali of 8ं sers; in paying, it
considered Bं to be its eguivalentः it is used also to denote
proportionate land measure, four P4yalis being egual to
one Euka, the fourth part of a Mam or JMun.
PAwARA, or PAIRA, Tel. (*७०७०ॐ, द्व्ं ँ), Mal. (n-loou(o)
Pulse, any leguminous edible vegetable.
JPayarapamta, Tel. (*००ंod*००&9) The last crop of
the year, consisting, as that usually does, of leguminous
plants.
JPayatta-pattam, Mal. (a-loo०००-123०) A certain amount
of rent or tax lewied on dry lands.
PAwCHAL, or PACHAL, Tam. (-IITLLवै e-60, 1-rTवै*e60)
Irrigation : share of the expense of irrigation defrayed by
the willagers in common.
PAwIR, Tam. (Lu-hºr), PAIRU, Tel., Karn. (ढ्यं9) Grow
ing corn ः the Tamil term applies also to vegetables of
any kind, sometimes to trees, and, by metonymy, to culti
vation in general.
_Pag/irkdram, and Payirkudi, corruptly, JPayahdri, IPaj/a
hoody, Pyahoody, Parahoodi, &c. Tam. (-Ju-ौघै' ँearT
Drcर्ष्टा, Lu-ीघै' ँ(Bl9-) A cultivator not holding any
right by inheritance to the lands he cultivates; he may
hold under an agreement with the Mirdsiddr or hereditary
proprietor, or with the gowernment, being placed in pos
session in default of the proprietor to pay his revenue, and,
like the non-proprietary cultivator in Hindustan, this class
of cultivator is twofold, wiZ.
U!payir-hudi, (26frLu-mārवैः(Bu9-) A permanent culti
wator, holding his land as long as he pays the stipulated
rent or revenue, and discharges all dues rendered by the
proprietor or cultivator, transmitting the land to his de
418
PEJ
scendants, although not empowered to alienate it by mort
gage, gift, or Sale ; also Ul-kudi, g. w.
Parapayir-kudi, or simply Para-kudi, or Payir-kudi,
(t-l Drt-lu-]ौघै'फै(Bl9-) A temporary tenant, one holding his
land of a proprietor, either for a stipulated term or from
year to year : this tenure may be converted into the pre
ceding, or a permanent occupancy, by agreement with the
JMirasiddr, or by possession undisturbed for several gene
rations.-Ellis, Mirds Rights, p. 87, Notes.
- Payir-sheyhai-hdran, Tam. (-LLौघैGe LLcoxeBकैerT
Drcठै)ि A husbandman, a cultivator, a ploughman.
JPayirsheymurdimai, Tam. (Lu-ौघै'Ge LL(U००，०pcoxLa)
The business or affairs of agriculture, husbandry.
JPayir-tolil, Tam. (-ILL) द्यै3grT५ीं) Husbandry, farming.
JPayir-ca!i, Tam. (- LLीघै”6ug) Cultivated fields.
Payir-celः, Tam. (LLLीघै66u5rf) A corn-field.
JMangdra-pairu,Karn. (ं99०7ज्व ॐ०ई०8ॐ9)The firstcrop.
IIingdru-pairu,Karn. (&०० 7त्ळ४०ई)5८०) The secondcrop.
JKilipairu, Karn. (टैe१०ई)ं,००)Corn.
IMelupairu, Karn. (b९eoर्र्)8ॐ०) Fruit.
PAwPosHi, Mar. (पायपोशी, from the P...89.५, a slipper)
A tax levied as a complimentary gift to the head of the
state : slipper-money.
PECHCHU, Tel., Karm. (यं) Surplus, excess : surplus of
a heap of grain or Salt abowe the estimate : premium on
exchange of coins.
PEDDAKAPU, Tel. (ब्ंशं), from pedda, chief, elder)
The head man of a willage.
JPeddapanta, Tel. (न्ंं००ं) The great or principal
crop, that which is gathered in the beginning of the year.
JPeddapuri, Tel. (ब्ं0०) A superior sort of soft sugar,
from its being made originally at the village of Peddapur,
in the Rajamahendri district.
Peddareddi, Tel. (व्ं टं) The chief or senior culti
vator, the head of the Reddis, or agricultural tribe of a
willage, the head man of a willage.
JPeddatandri, Tel. (न्यंॐ०७) A father’s elder brother :
the husband of a mother’s elder sister.
JPeddatalli, Tel. (म्)ंg) A mother’s elder sister : the
wife of a father’s elder brother.
PEIIERI, -Rf, Gu2. (पष्ट{\। -50) Ashop, a place of business,
a mercantile firm. .
PEJEN, Mar. (पेज्ञं) One of the two products of a cow or
buffalo on calwing, the milk, as distinguished from the calf
JPejeg-idipeg, Mar. (पजं,as before, and जाबपं, a calf) The
e:D N
 PEN
practice of placing out to be brought up a young cow or
female buffalo until after her calving, when she is to be
returned to the owner, the calf or milk, or both, being
relinguished in reguital of the cost of bringing her up.
PEN, Mal. (6)a-art) A female, a woman.
Penndl, Mal. (6)a-gं?७०) Afemale slave.
PEN, written, but no doubt incorrectly, IPANE, (?) H. Aterm
used in the Dehli district, according to printed papers, for
an original undivided share in a joint-tenancy willage.
Pdnd4r, H. (P. 2le, who has) The holder of an original
share in a willage.
PENDA, PENpHA, Mar. (पंडा,`पंढा) Rice-straw ः a bundle of
straw or grass.
_Pendapatti, Mar. (पंडापट्टी) A tax upon straw, either in
money or kind : a tax on the produce of fruit trees.
PENDAI-MARAkKAL, Tam. (GL०ठ्ठTCo२LLoDrकैeBrT60) A
grain measure containing two anda half padis or measures.
PBNDARA, PBN DARI, Karn. (ं)०८्छ४, यै००००) Ama
rauder, see the next ः of or belonging to a marauder.
PBNDHARA, Mar. (पंढारं) A body of marauders.
JPendhdri, corruptly, Pindhdrः, or Pind4ri, Mar. (पढारी)
A member of an organised association of mounted ma
rauders and plunderers, who from time to time issued from
their willages, and made distant excursions to commit de
predations and bring home plunder: they were extinguished
as a body by the measures of the Marguis of Hastings when
Governor-General. (As the word is properly Marathi, Pen
dhdra is no doubt a more correct reading than the more
usual one of Pinddrः : the term also admits of a more
plausible etymology than any conjectured for the latter, as
it most probably, is derived from Pendhd, a bundle of
grass, and hara or hari, who takes ; for the Pendhdr{s
were originally nothing more than a body of irregular
horse allowed to attach themselves to the Mohammadan
armies, employed especially in collecting forage, and per
mitted, in lieu of pay, to plunder.
PBNDI, (?) Mar. Spirituous liguor distilled from grain.
PBNrA, Tel. (व्9०५) Manure.
PPoN, (?) The term commonly used by Europeans for the
Hindustani Pidda, a footman, a foot-soldier, an inferior
officer of police or customs, or of courts of justice, usually
wearing a badge, and armed with a lance or sword and
shield: in some places the term denotes a kind of local
militia holding lands on condition of police or military ser
vice : it is also commonly, though laxly, used as a synonym
414
PES
of Harkdra, to denote a running footman, a courier, a
messenger. Ben. Reg. iv. xiv. l798; wi.1795; xxvi.1814, &c.
PERA, Mar. (पेर) Corn strewed on the floor to be trodden
out by oxen.
PERA, Mar. (पेणा) The sowing of seed.
PBRApU, Tel. (न्यंॐॐ७) The back yard of a house.
PBRAKUpl, Tam. (Gl-pवैः(Ol१) A temporary or hired cul
tivator (a diferent reading of Parakudi, from 10era, to
have a price : the word also occurs, vulgarly written and
pronounced Porakudi (Gl-rTDrकैe)t9-).
PBRf, H. (-9*४, पेडी) A kind of sugar-cane, that which
springs up from the roots of the previous year’s cuttings.
PBRU, Tel. &c. (ब्)ंO) A name.
Perum4tra-coppu, Mal. (6)a-l(C१०१७)/6ीo-!g–, frompera
a name, and S. m4tra, merely) Adeed by whith the pro
prietor of an estate foregoes all claim to the lands or their
produce, although he refrains from giwing water as the final
mark of ratification, retaining the bare title, therefore, of
Jammkdr, or hereditary owner.
PBRU, Tam. (Gl-'(T) A fee paid to a person who is autho
rised to distribute the water of irrigation.
Pera-mār, Tam. (from ०-'(T), great, and plणैः, water)
Water allowed to flow from reservoirs without limitation
during the rainy months, and for some time afterwards.
PrंRUMBATTU, corruptly, PERooMBUT, PERUMBUT, Tam.
(Gl-'(OthL-' ँ८) Land, the proprietary right to which is
in the hands of the government.
PBRUNARI, Mal. (6)a-l(C)o००*l) A measure of capacity, an
Edamgali.
PBRUNKAL-TARISU, Tam. (G-(ंप्रrºlerrefrgphe) Land
left waste more than fifteen years.
Pr:RUNIGE, Karn. (ऱ)ंoं)7ं) A gold or Silversmith.
PERUNKoLLAN, Mal. (6)a-l(C१०6apg.५rt) A blacksmith.
PERwA, (?) H. A yellow soil in which sand predominates.
Agra.
PESALU, Tel. (plur. ब्JKGeo) A kind of pulse called com
monly green gram (Phaseolus radiatus).
PESHA, H. &c. (P. **.५) Trade, business, profession, prac
tice, custom.
PPsHANi, H. (P. ८५*५) lit., The forehead ; that part of a
royal grant which is left blank, and which, when the deed
is folded up, forms the outer fold.
PESHof, H. (८***५, from P. L*.५ pesh, before) Advance
(of money), payment before hand or on account, money
paid in deposit for rent.
 PES PHA

Peshgā-ddr, H. (P. ु'e, who has) A lender of money to PETISHARfK, H. (v4-५9*७५. from pet, the belly) A co
enable a person to pay in advance. parcener in land (?)-Tinnewelly (?).
PPsHKAR, H. &c. Ok*५५) An agent, a deputy, a manager | PETrAI, commgnly, PErrAH, Tam. (०-it.co०-) P6TE,
in general for a superior or proprietor, or one exercising Karn. (ं9९८) A subtirb, a town contiguous to a fort,
in rewenue and custom affairs a delegated authority ः in but distinct from it, and usually separately fortified : a wil
Bengal the native officer in a judge's or collector’s office, lage near a town in which a fair or market is held (it is
next in rank to the Sarrishtaddr. Tel., Karn. (न्)कुं) no doubt the same as the Mar. Peth, ५. v.)
A subordinate officer, who is employed to keep the accounts : PETTENDAR, (?) Tel, A village officer.-Rajamahendri.
a subordinate rewenue officer. PETwAL, Beng. (८*्रपनि) One included in another’s office or
PESH KASH,PESHKUSH, or PESHCUSH, corruptly, PEISHCUSH, account, a deputy, an assistant.
PESHKIST, H. &c. (P. U****:) Tax, tribute ; lit., what PBU- or PBwABUD, Mar. (पेवबुड)A fee in kind payable to
is first drawn : first-fruits ः fine, guit-rent : a fine or present a willage accountant, and to the Mahārs of a willage, by
to the ruling power on receiving an appointment or as corn-dealers on opening their grain stores, as a compen
signment of revenue, or on a renewal of a grant or the sation to the former for keeping an account of the deposit,
like : in Bengal, the fine paid to the Mohammadan govern and to the latter for storing and remowing it.
ment by a Zamindār on his investiture : in Jonpur, a ५uit PHADwA, Mar. (पद्या) A small copper coin, a Paisa.
rent formerly paid by Mohammadan holders of otherwise PHAG, H. &e (e4५, फाग, Sं फल्गु), PHAot, Beng: (फीशू)
rent-free grants : under the Madras presidency it was ap PHAGU, Uriya (घंp The red powder thrown over one
plied especially to contributions exacted from the great another by the Hindus at the Holi, whence it comes to
Zamindārs in the northern Sarkārs, and from the Paligārs mean also the act of throwing, or the manner ofobserving
of the south, as a kind of guit-rent in lieu of a fixed re the festival, or the festival itself
venue : revenue assessed upon lands once held free of re Ph49-patti, Mar. (पागपट्टी) A cess or tax in some willages
venue, or on the tenure of military service now dispensed for the expense of celebrating the Holi.
with : it is rather laxly applied also in some places to the | PHALA, vernacularly, PHAL or PHUL, S., and in most dialects,
gowernment demand upon the land or the land revenue. (पल), H. (U4ं), Beng. (फन), Mar. (फल), Tel. (ं2०ँoo),
JPeshkashi, H. (L***ं) Relating to land held under a Tam. (-!!pta) Fruit; lit, as fruit of any kind, including
tribute or guit-fent. cocoa-nuts, areka-nuts, &c., and fig., as result, conseguence.
Peshkash-i-bd2dr, H. (from P.99५, a market) Taxes levied Phalabho7a, S. (from भोग, enjoyment) Usufruct, receiving
on persons having stalls or shops in a public market. the profit or produce of any thing.
Peshkash-i-mahdjam, Sindhi (P. S.), A tax on Hindu mer Phalkar, Phulkur, H. &c. 0%५) Profits or produce of an
chants and bankers in place of the tax on infidels. estate derivable from fruit-trees growing on it.
PETE, Gu८. (uट्त) In part payment, on account ofः Phalagaini, or Phalaguttije, Karn. (६००7ं,ं, ॐe)
PETUN, GuZ. (प। ०) A number of items added together. K०3.7ं) Holding a lease, or renting the produce of the
PETH, or PENTH, H. and Mar. (*५, *५, पेठ,`पंठ), PENr, areka orchards of an estate in Mysore.
PESTH, Gu2. (५०2, प ०2) A market, a baZār, or part of । PIIAL, or PHALi, H. &c. (U५:, पाल, फाली) The blade or
a town where shops are assembled, a trading or manufac- | share of a plough. _

turing town ः market rate and fluctuations : a town at
tached to, but distinct from, a fort, the suburb or Pettal। :
a banker's letter of adwice announcing his having drawn a
bill or hundiः a duplicate hundi, or one given in lieu of
another that has been lost.
JPentliptir, Mar. (पंठपाड) A*market rate or price.
Peth{4, H. (Aं) A market, a baZaar.
JParapenth, Mar. (पणेपंठ) A triplicate bill or hundi to ।
supply the loss of the first and second.
4lā)
PHALA, Mar. (माळ्) Land-tas, revenue assessed on land.
JPhalami, Mar. (फाळ्णी) Settling the amount of land-tax.
PHALGUNA, vernacularly, PHALGUN, or PHAGUN, corruptly,
PHAUGUN, S. &c. (फाल्गुन) The elewenth month of the
Hindu year (Feb.-March).
Phdlijum{, (फाल्गुनी) Day of full moon in the month Phal
। ८/uma, on which the festival of the Holi is.
PHALfo, corruptly, Phalleeyo, Gu2. (५०{lअ) A cluster of
contiguous houses, a small part ofa town, a neighbourhood.
 PHA
PHALPARfA, Uriya (घrāa६थ) Cultivable ground allowed
to lie fallow for a year.
PHAND, H. &c. (AG५) A noose, a Snare, a trap. See Phams.
PHANDi,H.&c.(.so७५)Abundleoffrom 50to100sugar-canes.
PHANDI, Beng. (फी*७ि) A police-station subordinate to the
principal one, a Thamma : the district under a subordinate
station. _
Phdndid4r, Beng. (फी*जिनीव) A police officer in charge of
a Subordinate or out-station.
PHANGOLA, Thug. Pearls: among the IDakhini Thugs, a cock.
PHANGOLI, Thug. Small gold coins : Dakhini, a bear.
PHANK, Thug. Any useless thing not worth keeping, espe
cially a traveller without property.
PHANKARA, Thug. Cry of the hare when travellers are in
company, an unlucky omen for the gang', as they must not
then commit murder.
PHANPH, Hindi (-4ंig, प्रप) Land that reguires to be left fallow
for some time.
PHANS, PHANSA, or PHANsi, H. &c. (U~～'ं ५~～५:, ७*३,
मांसं, मांसी, S. पाशा , पाशी), also sometimes PHAs, and
PHAsi, Uriya (ध|६ , धः॥६) A Snare, a noose, a halter,
any thing for catching hold of a person and choking or
strangling him. JPladmsi also denotes strangulation, stran
gling, hanging.
Pldnsf-7ar,or-gdr, H. &c. 0%_s“५० 2५._PG५:), Phansio,
GuZ. (५u०*{lअ) A strangler, a robber aid murderer who
strangles his wictims by throwing a turban or cloth round
their necks when off their guard ; the same as the Thag
or Thug.
Pltdsidebdrodl4, Uriya (from debdical4, 6०G|७|RI, the man
who gives or applies) An executioner, a hangman.
Phansthat,Beng.(फीश्ञीदशंछे),or Phasihath,Uriya (धr|६०|०)
A gallows (from kat, or kath, timber),
JPhdnsikhamba,Uriya (from६१५ H. ५**, a post) A gallows.
JPh4sikhemadya, Uriya (from S$1१, hhem, S. kshema छेम,
forbearance, and ध|9!५I, S. 4jnd, स्राज्ञा, order) A reprieve.
PHANT, Mar. (पर्काट) An objection, a flaw, disagreement, dis
crepancy.
PHANT, (?) Hindi. A willage register, a list of occupants and
their liabilities either as sharers or cultivators.
PHANTEN, or PHATEN, Mar. (फर्टि, फोर्ट्) Fire-wood ः an im
post levied upon cultivators in lieu of provision of fuel.
PHAo H. ७५) A small guantity given in addition to a
Guantity purchased.
PHAoRA, H. (Jु५) A sort of mattock or spade.
410
PHA
PHAR, Thug. Any place where the Thugs murder their wictims
or divide their booty.
JPlarjharomoa, Thug. A man left behind to clean a place
where a murder has been committed, and remove allvestiges
PHAR, PHUR, H. Oं), Mar. (फड) Any place of public resort
as a court of justice, an exchange, an auction, &c., a
gambling-house, a place where goods are exposed for sale,
or where any business is being carried on ; also, in Mar.,
a field, a plantation, a spot where Sugar-canes and other
articles ofagricultural produce are brought, that the ५uantity
of the crop may be ascertained and the assessment deter
mined. Gu2. (५S, ५२) A distillery.
Pharbd2, H. 9'ं) A gambler.
Pharbd2i, H. (.99ं) Gambling.
JPharid, H. &c. (५9ः:) A keeper of a gaming-house : a
retailer of goods. _
Pharidm{, Beng. (कiजिiपी) Retail dealing, pedlaring,
hawking.
JPharhari, Mar. (फडकरी) One who presides ower any place
of public resort : a pedlar, a retailer.
JPharnicasi, Pharnicist,Phurmicts,also,preferably,Pharniं,
or Pharnis{,or Phurnis,commonly Furnces,and Furnarces,
Mar.(फडनिविशी,फइनिविसी,and फडनिवीस,alsoफडनिशी-सी,
and फडनंीस, from फडं, an office, and P. nancis U“**, a
writer) A public officer of the Maratha government, the
keeper ofthe public registers, &c., through whom all orders
and grants were issued, and to whom the accounts from
all the different departments of the state were transmitted :
(the title is familiarly known as the designation of a cele
brated personage in the latter days of the Maratha power,
JNama Farmaris, who was many years the prime mover
of the policy of the court of Poona)ः the term was also
applied to the head kdrktin or clerk of a district collector,
who had charge of the accounts, and assisted and adwised
the collector.
Pharptis, Mar. (फडपूस) Public or open inguiry.
JPharpharmds, or -mds, Mar. (फडफर्मेIशा, -मास, from P.
U*'-9*, command) Fruit, vegetables, &c., furnished to
Rajas and high public officers upon their reguisition by
the willagers ः remission of revenue on this account may
or may not be subseguently granted by the collectors.
PHARA, Mar. (फरा) A measure of capacity for grain or
salt, consisting of I0 or l6 pdyalis = a man or maund:
in the latest returns the Phard of salt is rated at I0ं
adhalis, that of grain at l7 pdyalis, and is the eighth of a
 PHA
khand: ; rice in the husk is reckoned by the mora of
25 Phards.
Pharः, Mar. (फरी) A half Phar4.
PHARCHA, or PHARCHHA, H. (५*५, ५*ं) Decision, sen
tence (of a judge), settlement of a business.
PHARD-PHANT, (?) H. The register or rent-roll of a village,
shewing the mame of the Padhdn, or head man, the dis
tribution of the rent-payers amongst the Padhdms where
more than one, the rewenue payable by each shareholder,
the non-proprietary occupants, and names of liabilities and
temporary tenants.-Kamaon.
PHARo, GuZ. (५३u) A measure ofgrain egual to I6 pdyalis,
or one-eighth of a khandः,
PHARsA, Mar. (फडशा) Settlement of an affair, liguidation
of a debt, and the like.
PHAskf, Mar. (फसकी, from A. *“*) A handful of grain
exacted from each load of grain brought to market by the
superintendant or the collector ; also a similar guantity
presented by Schoolboys to their master, by women to
Siva, &c.
PHARsf B, GuZ. (५२.२{lvt, Eng. precept) A writ. a capias.
PHAT, H. (G-*५, फाट) The allotment or division of the
revenue assessment amot.g the sharers in a joint tenancy
willage (from S. स्फट, to break or divide),
PHATAK, H. (५4-G५, फाटक), PHATAK, Beng. (झञैक्) A
watchman in charge of a gate : a gate, especially a gate
in a town separating it into different wards : a bar in a
court of justice, where the plaintiff and defendant stand.
Phatakbandi, H. (S. .**५-५५, Beng. कछेदग्द*फ्री) Im
prisonment, custody.
PHATAKf, Thug. A gun.
PHATKI, Thug. A shield.
PHATwA, Mar. (पायो) A stick passed at night from guard to
guard, and thus kept constantly circulatedः a means of
keeping the watch wigilant.
PHAURA, H. &c. 09५. पावडा) A mattock, a hoe, a Spade
(from the A. #, opened),
PHEN, H. &c. (ष्ठं फेन)
* Foam, froth, scum, the scum
which rises in boiling brine, upon the removal of which।
depends the whiteness of the salt.
PHERA, Beng- (८फ़्क़्) A vessel of a sguare shape used for
measuring lime, Sand, and other dry substances: in the
salt works a s५uare box containing about a maund of dry
salt and छ0 to 00 s6r’s of moist salt, used to measure the
daily produce of each boiler.
417
PHU।
PHERf DAR, H. 9'e-9*५, from 9*५:, to wander) A vagrant,
a vagabond.
PHERPHAR, Mar. (from pher, H. &c. A4: , again, turn or
return, and phdr, reiterated sound : फेरपार) Difference,
more or less, something over or under ; (a weight or sum).
PHETANG, Tibet. A packet of gold-dust current as coin in
the hills at the value of eight rupees.-Kamaon.
PHOBwNG-GAUNTHI,(?)Burman. A purchased slave, whothereby
becomes the hereditary property of the purchaser’s family.
PHUL, PHooL, H. &c. (J,५:, फूल, S. पुज्ञ)A flower : amongst
the Mohammadans, offerings at the grave of a deceased
person on the third day after the burial.
JPhttlbdi, (?) Uriya. A slave girl, a concubine.
JPhailं, H. &c. (Glyं) Flowered, having a flower, literally
or as a mark, as a coin stamped with one.
Phaili-htin, Tel. A star pagoda.
Philkhari, H. (.9५४.],g), or Phaillar:, Mar. (पूलकरी)
A gardener, a florist : alkaline efilorescence used to adul
terate culinary salt.
JPhtitdmal, Mar. (पूटामल, from पुट, S. स्फुट, separated,broken
off, burst, and P. amal, office) A share of the assignments
made out of the Chauth appropriated by the person to
whom it was not originally assigned,
Phaitgdom, Mar. (फटगाँव) A village of which the houses
are scattered : alं a detached village, one not included
amongst those of the district in which it is situated, or
the lands of an individual to whom the rest belong : Such।
detached portions of villages or lands are classed together
as the Phattgaon of the district or individual.
PHUL, Thug. Engagement to meet again when a gang is
Suddenly dispersed.
PHULA, Thug. The person who takes home money for the
families of a party.
PHULKI, Thug. From Sunrise to sunset.
Charti-phulki, From sunrise to midday.
Uttarti-phulki, Thug. From noon till Sunset.
PHUPHA, also PHUPHA, and PHUA, H. (५;५, ५:५, ';ं)
The husband of a matermal aunt.
Phijphā, H. (Lstºxं) A paternal aunt.
Phipher4-bhai, H. (.४५:, a brother) A cousin, the son of
a paternal aunt, So Phipher4-bahin, (from bahin ७*ः । *
sister) A female cousin, the daughter of a paternal aunt.
PHURRANA, Thug. A horse. Phttrkam6ं, a mare.
PHURUwA, Tibet. A measure of capacity for grain, egual to
eight handfuls.
छ o
 PHU
PHUS, H. (U~*:) Old and dry grass or straw.
PIADA, H. (P. ४c५५), PBADA, Hindi (पेस्रदा) A footman, an
armed servant, police or militia-man serving on foot ः the
same as Peom.
JPeadd-mahasil, Hindi (पेच्प्रदामहसिल) A peom placed over
defaulters to urge them to pay up arrears, and maintained
by them as long as So employed.
PrcHALABARI, Tel. (&oंcण`य`$, from H. Pichhla, "’,
behind) An old balance.
PICOTAH, or PA KOTA, apparently Portuguese (?) A machine
used in the Peninsula for raising water for irrigation.
Fifth Rep. (no such word occurs in any of the dictionaries).
PICHCHE, Karn. (ं) Deficiency in measure or weight.
JPichch6 tatha, Karn. (ं ॐऽ०&) IDgficient or light weight.
JPichch6-yalat6, Karn. (ं९०७०%उँ) IDeficient measure.
PicHU,Pi.JU,orPisti,Karn.(&C९eंC,&०९ee”,१०९००) The stringy
fibres of certain plants, as that of the cocoa-nut, or coir.
PICHOR, Hindi (पिचोर) Ground in the rear of a tank.
PiDARAN, Tam. (-m-nTDr०ळैण) A snake-catcherः in some |
Tamil districts, one of the willage servants.
PIDAR-MAJAZi, H. (P. A. .9५-9.५) A representative father,
an adoptive father, or one who has adopted a son.
PIDHi, Mar. (पिढी) A generation, a single succession in
genealogical descent.
JPidhichd, Mar. (पिढीचा) Inherited, inheriting, hereditary.
-7?idhā-dar-pidhi, Mar. (fपढीदरपिढी) From generation to
generation.
Pidhipesta?’, Mar. (पिढीपेस्तर्, from P. A4-4:, in advance)
From generation. to generation.
PIDITTAM,orPIDIPPU,Tam. (–hu१-छैंठth, t-ll4-4-I) Stoppage,
deduction from a payment.
PrGH DAR, (?) Hindi. An under tenure of a charitable nature
in Ramgher.
Pl H, PEEH, (?) H. Land in cultivation which has been cul
tivated for three successive years : (the word also occurs
as Puh, but ?).
Pik, Mar. (पीक) The corn or produce of a field ripened
and gathered, the crop, the harvest.
JPilk-muksdm, Mar. (पीकंनुकसान, P. A. ७-2ं) Injury of
the crop.
Pil-pahttni, Mar. (पीकपहाणी) Inspection of crops, espe
cially with a view of ascertaining any deficiency.
Pl I.AR, or PrZHAR, Tam. (-ngprTद्यै) A basket for throw
ing up water out of a reservoir for irrigation.
Pl LHA ऎ, Thug- The appearance or cry on the left of the
418
PiR
animals, from which prognostics of good and evil fortune
are derived.
PILI, or PrZHI, Tam. (-ng) The fermented sap of the
palm, a kind of tdri.
JPiliyam, Tam. (LºngंीLL&T) A vender of tdri.
Pir.IGE, Karn. (&०९९?7ं) Lineage, descent.
Pilija, Karn. (&9९४x) A descendant.
PII.B.AI, commonly, PILLA, Tam. (-]ी6fr&5rा) A child : a
respectable adjunct to Tamil names in some of the agri
cultural tribes, as Muttusmudmi-pillai.
PII,M UKATTAwINAM, Tam. (Lºld)७०eकंठrTu-hठ्ठठाia) Land
paying a light or Guit-rent to the government.
Pit.PAwA, Uriya (६२9|al) A pillar as a land mark.
PINATANDRI, Tel. (&o७ॐ०७) A father’s younger brother,
the husband of a mother’s younger sister.
Pinatalli, Tel. (&०:ॐg) A mother’s younger sister, the
wife of a father’s younger brother.
PINDA, vernacularly, PIND, erroneously, PEEND, S.&c. (fपण्ड,
॰५, fपंडं, &c.) A lump, a heap : a ball of rice or meat,
especially that which is offered at obseguial ceremonies or
Srdddhas to deceased parents and progenitors or to the
manes in general.
Pinda-ddnam, S. (दानं, gift) Presentation of the funeral cake.
JPindddhihari, S. (अधिकारी , who has a right or title) The
legal presenter of a funeral cake, usually the nearest relative
in the male line.
Pinddnrcahdrya, S. (पिण्डान्वहाय्यै) A monthly offering of
cakes to deceased ancestors.
PINDARA, or PINDARi, H. ()l3G५, ॰9'ं) A plunderer.
See Pemdhdj’a.
PINGALA, S. &c. (fपंगल:) The fifty-first year of the cycle.
ँ), GuZ. (५l००४u२.u), PINJIARA, H.
PINJARA, Karn.(3D०eउव्)
(J५-ऎ), PINJARi, Mar. (पिंजारी) A cotton cleaner, one
who extracts the seeds and prepares it for spinning.
| PrN. RA, H. &c. (S. ],*५) A cage.
JPinirdpor, or -pol, also read Painjrdipor, or -pol, Gu2.
(५l००४२.uपे ॥२) Anhospital for animals, keptup by the Jains
of GuZerat in various places, out of small foes levied at
marriages and on mercantile transactions.
Pi tt, PBER, H. (P._,५) An old man, a holy man : among
Mohammadans, a saint, a spiritual guide, the chief of a
body of monks or mendicants.
Pir(in, H. &o- (७)*४) An assignment of land for the stup
| port of a pious man, or for keeping up the tomb of ono
। reputed a saint.
 PIR)
Pfratr4, .or JPirottar, blunderingly, Pir-burdr, H. &c.
(JP४०ु*ं) Grant of land for a religious man, or for
his tomb.
Pirottar-sddir mrdrid, H. (from 9b 9e५० , incidental charge)
An assignment of rent-free land to defray the contingent ex
penses of a mosGue or Mohammadan religious establishment.
Pirp4l, H. &c. ( J५9.५, from S. pdl, cherishing) A grant
for the support of a Mohammadan saint, or for keeping
up his tomb : and attached to a Mohammadan mosgue or
shrine.
JPirlapanduga, Tel. (&०:ं००ॐx) A name given in the
south to the Moharram, when especial veneration is paid
to religious Mohammadans, and the places where they are
buried.
7???’-2dda, H. (P. ४e);jA:) A priest attached to a mosgue :
a Mohammadan mendicant, the som or disciple of a Pir.
PIRf, (?) Tel. A measure of length, one-third of a ga2.
PIRAUTf, (?) H. Land allowed to lie fallow occasionally.
PISA, Beng. (*िश्लi) A father’s sister’s husband.
Pisds, Beng. (श्रिजाiज , for पितृश्वसा) The name by which
a man call his wife's paternal aunt, and that by which
the wife calls the paternal aunt of her husband.
Pisi, IBeng. (*ि*ी) A paternal aunt.
PISACHA, vernacularly, PIsACH, S. (पिशाच) An evil spirit,
one haunting the places where dead bodies are buried or
burnt, and occasionally animating them, or even possess
ing living bodies : a devil, a ghost, a goblin.
PisAf, H. (.s५“ं) Price paid for grinding.
JPisdm, H. (७५“ं) Meal, flour.
PISHANAyr, or PASHANAM, Tam. (LºherTCणta, LerTCठाta)
A coarse kind of rice ripening late : also applied to the
harvest or gathering of that sort of rice.
PISR, H. (P.A.) A son, a boy, a child.
Pisr-dhhidfः, H. (from A. G५-", by the same mother) A
step-son, the son of a wife.by a former husband.
JPisr-ā-mutabannai, H. (Jं9~ं) An adopted or affiliated
SOn.
PITBHARf, H. (.9#५-४, fपटभग्री) An allowance of grain
made by a Zamindar to the head of a village.
PiTH, Mar. (S. पीट) Flour, meal of any grain.
PiTH, GuZ. (५l2) A row or set of shops, a market, the state
of a market.
PiTHA, vernacularly, PirH, S. (पीठ) A stool, a seat, the seat
of the head of a religious society, that is, his place ofabode.
PITIPATA, Mal. (a-msla-aps) A document given to a person
419
POD
on being appointed to a public office : a lease or document
authorising the holding of land.
Pitipatam, Mal. (a-msीg-(o)०) A portion of the crop given
to reapers.
PrTRI, nom., PrrA, S. &c. (पितृ, पिता) A father, the desig
nation also of forefathers deceased, the manes either of the
ancestors of an individtial or ofmankind generally, to both
classes of whom Srdddhas, or obseduial worship, is paid,
and food is presented : the Feralia of the Romans.
Pitribandha, S. (पितृबंधु) A cognate relation in the paternal
lime.
JPitridatta, S. (from दत्र’, given) lit., Given by a father :
one kind of woman's peculiar property.
Pitridrolia, S. &c. (from द्रोहं, who offers violence to) A
parricide.
Pitrijhata, S. &c. (from घातः, killed) A parricide.
Pitrikdrya, in Bengali pronounced Pitrikdrjo, whence,
corruptly, Pitry-hauje, S (from kairya काय्यै, to be done)
Rites to be offered to the manes or to ancestors ; also (from
kritya कृत्य, to be performed) Pitrikrit/tt.
JPitripahsha,S. &c. (from पघ्व, a fortnight)The half month at
the end of Bhddra or the beginning of 4xrcin, according
as the month is reckoned, from the new or the full moon ;
so termed as peculiarly appointed for the celebration of
obseguial rites to the Pitris or manes : also (from paksha,
a side) related by the father’s side.
Pitdmaha, S. &c. (पितामह) A paternal grandfather ः fem.
JPitdmah{, a paternal grandmother.
Pitrarjita, S. (from pitri, and arjita अजेित, acguired) De
rived from a father ; property originally acduired by him,
and therefore disposable by him at pleasure.
Pitriyajna, S. (from यज्ञ', a sacrifice) Obseguial offerings,
worship of the manes.
Pitrya, S. &c. (पिच्य) Paternal, ancestral, any thing relating
to a father or forefathers.
PI.AwA, S. &c. (प्रव) The B5th year of the cycle = A.D. I841.
PILAwANGA, S. &c. (पर्वग) The 4Ist year of the cycle = A.D.l847.
PoD, (?) H. A land measure, a division of a hatta-Mai
mansinh.
PODDAR, H. 9lee;:) A cashkeeper, a weighman, one whose
office it is to weigh and examine money : see Tota/.
Po IOf, or Porti, also written, IPAURf, Hindi (पोडी, पोररी, पीडी)
Stiff strong soil.
Popl, Tam. (G-IITu9-) IDust of the earth, pollen ofa flower,
any thing wery minute.
 POD
PoDU, plur. PoLLU, Tel. (ंणं७, 3ं""ं) Land or lands
recently cleared from thicket and prepared for cultivation.
PoDU,orPoTU,Tam.(Gu-JrTञ्)Commonness, common property ः
adj., common.
Podumilam, Tam. (G-rTºpl6oth) Common ground, a
COmmon.
Podusilapu,Tam.(GLirT.Geºl606भ)General charges in kind
on the gross produce, or portions deducted from each heap
of grain for fees to village servants, charges on reaping
and watching, and allowances to temples, or for repairs of
tanks and the like.
PoGADI, Karn. (ं2/०x०) Tribute.
PoGANTA, S. &c. (पोगण्ड) A boy, one between five and
fifteen.
PoHA, Hindi (b9: , पोह)ि The cattle of a village that are per
mitted to graZe upon waste ground.
PoHoNCH, less correctly, PoNCH, Mar. (पोर्हच, पोव, from H.
Uझ',५, to arrive) The coming tohand of monies due ः an
acknowledgment, a receipt. _ PoLICHCHILAwA, Mal. (6)a-ape-il24leao-i) Particulars of
PofLA, Uriya (Gal:ं२RI) A slave.
PokTAN, PokTANi, Beng., Uriya (८*iऊांन्ा, ८१ांख्ांर्नी) The
। boiling of salt.
JPokhtdmibhayd, Uriya (G9|६|६॥१1६२al) The writer or ac
countant of an aurang or Salt manufactory.
Pohhtdni-daroga, Uriya (G9|६|६॥१1६)66.|9Fl) The head
officer of a salt manufactory. (Pokhtdmi, like Pohtdia, is
properly derived from the P. pakhtan ७***, to mature,
to cook or boil).
Por, Gu2. (५uºt), Hindi (पोल) A courtyard ः a guarter or
ward of a town having its own gateway : a gate.
Polid, Hindi (पोलिस्रा) A gatekeeper, a porter.
PoI.A, Mar. (पोट्ठ) A bull set at large, usually stamped with
a trident or discus, as dedicated to Siva or Wishnu.
Por,A, Mar. (पोला) A festival held on the new moon of
Srd cand or IBhddra (July-Sept), in which bullocks are
exempt from labour, and are decorated and led in pro
cession.
P6LA, Karn. (ईट/०e)) A field for dry cultivation.
POLA, Thug. A mark made at a place where cross roads
meet, to denote the direction which the foremost of a gang
have taken, as a guide to others left behind.
POLACH, Spelled wariously, PoLICH, PoLITCH, Poi,IST, PULicrा,
and PULIJ, Hindi (पोलच) Land constantly in cultivation,
never reduiring to be left fallow ः [it is written as here
given in the useful Hindi tract termed Khet-Harm: the
420
PON
variations are from different English reports and Regula
tions].
PoLAyrU, Tel. (*ण`० ँ99) A field, especially one in cultiva
tion, or the crop standing on it.
Polimera, Tel. (3ण“9व्Oँ) A boundary, a limit.
JPoli, Tam. (GLrा6ंी) A heap of corn threshed, but not
winnowed.
JP6likurippu, Tam. (G-rr6ंीकै(Bpठीt-l-) A note or me
morandum of the heap of corn that has been threshed.
PoLEvAN, or PoLAwAN, also written PoLIAN, andPooLIAN,(?)
A caste ofdomestic or agrestic slaves, or a member of such
caste, in Malabar : the husband in this caste resides with।
his wife, although she belong to a different master, and
their children inherit the rights of the mother.
PoLICHCHELUTTU, Mal. (6)a-apem6.24e-Jorºu) A fine or fee
paid to the proprietor by the mortgagee on the periodical
renewal of the mortgage : a new deed or bond.
PoLICHCHILA, Mal. (6a-ape-m240ea) Increase, augmentation.
money expended.
Poi,IRATAM, Mal. (6)a-apemeess०) Usuryः money-lending.
Polihatakdram, Mal. (6)a-ape-ileasseexport) A usurer, a
money-lender.
PoI.IsA, also PALISA, Mal. (6)a-apem००) Interest, usury.
PoLLAl, Tel. (य'ंय'OOP) Allowance of grain given to the
village servants at the measuring floor.
PoLLAR, Tam. (GLIT6b6oद्यै) The caste of shoemakers, or
workers in leather, considered impure.
PoLLU, Tel. (*ण`ं?) Empty ears of corn ः corn that has
not come to maturity ः chaff
JPollupatutam, Tel. Blighted corn.
Polatil4ram, Mal.() (6a-l9e-ºrmapor) Thesteward or
manager of an estate on behalf of the proprietor.
PO'MBARAIDA, Karn. (ं2/०००ॐ ँ) A money-changer, asardf
PoMALo, GuZ. (utu२१८ºu) An itinerant blacksmith.
PoN, Karn. (ईट/००) Gold, money : a gold coin, perhaps
for HImum.
PoNAM, Mal. (6)a-l0CO०, corruption of S. panam वनं, a wood)
High land owerrun with underwood, but which is capable
of cultivation after long intervals with particular kinds
of grain sown in holes dug with a spade.
JPonahandam, corruptly, Ponicando, Mal.(6)a-apooces6rs०)
A hill tract or fields cultivated amongst the hill.jangal.
Ponamudram, Mal. (6)a-lpo०००-10(o०) Rent or landlord’s
Share of the produce of.jangal cultivation.
 PON
PoyGAL, incorrectly, PoNGoL, Tam. (GLurTrfueB6b, from the
verb pongu-kiraku, to boil or bubble, to boil rice) A
boiling or bubbling up, the boiling of rice, whence it be
comes the name of a popular festival held by the Hindus in
the Madras provinces on the entrance of the sun into the
sign Capricorn, or on the l2th of Jan., the beginning of the
Tamil year, when rice is boiled and distributed : the fes
tival lasts several days, but the chief celebration is confined
to the three first days, which are distinguished as follows :
I. Bhdgi-pandihai, (GLirTeीt-l०र्ष्टा॥१-co०e) Thefestival of
enjoyment, when good wishes and presents, new-year’s com
pliments and gifts, are interchanged, and Indra is wor
shipped.
2. Perun-popgal, (GL-'(प्;ta०-IIT rile6b) The great fes
tival, when the Sun is to be worshipped, and guantities of
rice are boiled in milk in every family, of which a portion
is given to the deities and cows, and the remainder to the
guests and inmate8.
3. Matta-pogol, (LarTLOGLirTr Jead)The cattlefestival,
when Krishna, the cowherd, is worshipped, and the cattle,
paintedanddecorated with garlands, are ledin procession and
treated with especial veneration, and exempted from labour.
Pongali, Tel. (GP"०x9) Boiled rice, with milk and Sugar,
and other ingredients.
JPongati-pandaga, Tel. (ंण”०x&*००ॐ%) The festival of
the Pongal, as above.
PoNDRAPERALLU,Tel.(य`०७ट9व्9ं) Dry land belong
ing to dealers in vegetables.-Northern Sarkārs.
PoNE, Karn. (ं2/ढं) Bail, security.
Pomegdr, Karn. (ईट/० ँ7त्ळ&) A surety, a bondsman.
PoNGrtHANI, Burman, Abond-slave, one serwing in discharge
of a debt until it is paid off or the stipulated term expires.
PoN KuAJ.U, Tel. (3G“०aुग१०, from S. पंख, mud) Stiffsoil
or mud.-Northern Sarkārs.
PoPADU, GuZ. (पuभ{ ॐ) Neglected or uncultivated land.
P6R, Tam. (G-rTघै) A heap, a heap of grain or straw.
Por-kurippu, Tam. (GLIrT ग्रैष्ट)phLL-) Account of the
crops heaped but not threshed.
JKadirpor,Tam. (Eg) ār&LFrār) A heap of corn notthreshed.
AWerpor, Tam. (Grप्;द्यै6-rri)) A heap of rice-grain.
PoRABATU, Tel. (ंय' ँध्यं) A mistake.
PoRAKULA, Karn. (ईट/०&&Se) An outcaste.
PoRAPAD, PoRPAAD, PoRPAUD,(?) Mal. Net or surplus rentः
balance of rent after deducting interest of advances, and
the government revenue.
421
POT
PoRAS, Hindi (पोरस) Stiff or strong soil.
PoRoMBADoM, (?) Mal. Rent of an estate in lieu ofinterest
on mortgage (?). _
PORUPU, written also, PooRo0PA, and PoR00PU, (?) Tam.
(GL-rT(;tJL-I) A low or guit-rent levied from lands origi
nally granted in Indm, or rent-free.-Fifth Rep. 765.
PoRwAL, Hindi (पोरवाल) The name of a trading or mer
cantile caste in Malwa, being one of the 84 ८/achchas or
families of the Jains : there are also amongst the number,
families denominated Por, and Po?’fodr.
PoSEHOwwAwADU, Karn. (ईट्टे/आई०&०००ऽ०83ॐ०) A cere
mony among the cultivators in Mysore at the beginning
of tillage, putting some seed in a vessel filled with earth
placed on a plough, and letting it germinate.
P0SHAK, H. &c. (P. ५*५*9:, पोशाक) Clothes, vestments ः in
Marathf especially, fine clothes.
-Poshak-pattiं, Mar. (पोशाकपट्टी) A tax or cess on the vil
lagers to defray the expense of a present of fine clothes to
any great man or public functionary visiting the district.
PosHvAPUTRA, S. &c. (पोपपुच, from poshya पोप्य, to be
cherished or fostered) An adopted son.
JPoshyaputratica, S. &c. (पोष्यपुचत्वं) Adoption, the relation
"
ship of an adopted son.
PosT, H. &c. (--~~}:, पोस्त) A poppy head or capsule.
JPostā, H. &c. (.*“x , पोस्ती) One addicted to opium, or
any dull sluggish person.
PoST, Mar. (पोस्त) Money given to dependants and servants
on particular occasions, as at the Holi festival, or for
extra labour, for the purpose especially of enabling them
to procure spirituous liguor : drink-money.
POT, Hindi (पोत) Assessment on cultivated fields.
| Por, Mar. (पोट), PorrA, Tel. (यं) The stomach, the
belly, any cavity or hollow analogous to the belly.
JPotgi,Mar. (पोटगी) Personal maintenance, allowance to vil
lage officers when they proceed on duty, or to public officers
at a distance.
JPotchah, Mar. (पोटचक) A field within a field constituting
a separate property, but included in the same registered
number as the larger portion.
JPotlaharab4, Mar. (पोटखराबा, P. kharab, bad) Bad and
untilled land lying amidst cultivated fields.
JPotkharcha, or -kharch{, Mar. (पोटखर्वे, -विी) Personal ex
penses for Support on a journey or a mission, forming an
item in the willage charges, and sometimes including the
cost of public entertainments.
āj P
 POT
Potpadi', Mar. (पोटपडीत) A portion of cultivable land left
unsown amidst land under cultivation.
PoTABANrk, Beng. (८श्रीउदमिदं,from S. पोतं, a boat, and बणिज,
a trader) A merchant who trades by sea, a voyaging
merchant.
POTADAR, commonly, POTDAR, corruptly, PODAR, and POTH
DAR, Mar. &c. (पोतदारः see Fotaddr) A money-changer,
a weigher and assayer of coins ः he is also the willage sil
versmith : in Karn. it is written Pottaddr, Pottdr, and
Pottairi, and is said to mean an inferior Sort of money
changer, one in a hamlet.
Potchal, corruptly, Potheychal, Mar. (पीतचाल) The cur
rency in which the public revenue is received.
Potddr{, Mar. &c. (पोतदारी) The business of a weigher or
assayer of coins : money-changing, banking.
Potem, Mar. (पोते, P. ≤*, futah, ५. w) A bag, a money
bag, the public treasury or treasury bags, the bag of re
venue, the money made up by the willage and forwarded
to the manager or collector.
Potnis, Mar. (पोतनीश) An officer of the treasury, the cash
keeper or accountant.
PorAsrEr, Gu2.(१uctuअt&t) An abstractof monthly orannual
accountS.
POTARA, Thug. A horse : Potari, a mare.
Potaraiat, Thug. A man on horseback.
Potaraiati, Thug. Pulling a man off his horse and stran
gling him. _ PRAIDIIAN, vernacularly, IPADHAN, PUDHAN, and PARD'HAN,
PoTHA. PoTHi, H. &c. ('ं}:, _४ं;:, S. पुस्तक) Abookः espe
cially a manuscript book, or one formed of separate leaves
of paper or palmyra, connected sometimes by a string
through the centre.
PoTHIA, Hindi (पोयला) A porter’s load, especially ofgrain.
-Mherwara.
Pogr,Mal(6)a-l2sी),Popr,Tel.(य`०)Dust, powder,a fragment.
Poricita, Mal. (6)a-l?slo-mon) Sowing on dry land.
PoTr, incorrectly, PoDI, Mal. (6)a-l?(णी) A bundle, a pack,
a load, a sack for loading bullocks : a measure of grain
= B0 Edanjalis, or 4 Pagas.
Potip6ta, Mal. (6)a-l9(Jºla-lps) An extent of land reguiring
a Poti of seed to sow it.
POTIKALLALU, (?) Tel. Land recowered from jangal.
PoTIPATTU, (?) Mal. A tenth of the seed corn formerly paid
to temples in some places, but merged in the general as
sessment on the Company's survey without any compensa
tion.-Graeme.
422
PRA
PoTNI, Thug. A waistband.
PoTTAL, Tam. (Gu_JrTLL-6b) Barren land.
PoTTARAJU, or, commonly, POTRAZ, Tel. (२टंठं) A
local deity worshipped by the agricultural classes in the
Telinga provinces.
PoTTU, Tel. (ंण`*39) Chaft; husk.
PoTUwAN, Mal. (6ीā-l?(Oo-int) A barber ः one who per
forms funeral rites.
PoTwAp, Mar. (पीतवड) A term applied to the land situated
on slopes and declivities in the hill country, or Dang :
the third and last year ofits being brought into cultivation
after lying fallow for some years.
PoZHAKADAI, or Po!.AKATTAl, Tam. (G-IIT!pकैest-coxt-)
A small portion of ground, or a yard adjoining the dwell
ing of the Mirdsiddr, held rent-free, used as a kitchen
garden, or one for vegetables reduiring a richer soil, as
tobacco, sugar; turmerick, &c. : it is not transferable ex
cept with the entire Mirdst property and rights.
PRABHAwA, S. &c. (प्रभव) The first year of the cycle of sixty
years.
PRABHU,S. &c. (प्रभु) A master, a lord, a leader, a military chief.
PRACHi, S. &c. (प्राची) The east ः the country east and south
east of the Saraswati, the country from about Dehli to
Benares.
Prdicl/d, S. &c. (प्राच्या) The eastern people : the inhabi
tants of the Doab and adjacent provinces.
PURDHAN, corruptly, PURDHAUN, S. &c. (प्रधान) Chief,
principal, a chief or eminent person, a minister, a prime
minister : the common title of the eight chief civil and
military officers of the Maratha state, as established by
Sivaji : the term is also sometimes applied to the head man
of a village, or to a principal farmer or cultivator : in
Uriya, Padhdini। (gal१) is applied to respectable Sitdra
cultivators or under proprietors and middlemen, differing
little from Mukaddams : in Garhwal the Padhdm is the
person holding the revenue engagement (Patta) with the
government, either in his own right or by election of the
shareholders of the willage lands : in communities divided
into clans each elects its own chief and all the Padhdns
are responsible, jointly and separately, for the whole re
venue, unless their individual responsibility has been ad
mitted by authority.
-//ak-padlidn, H. The privileges and rights of the head man,
either in land or fees.-Kamaon.
 PRA
JPadhdinchdri, H. The office and emoluments of the
JPadhdm.
JPatta-padhdnchdri,JPadhdin-khainagi,or Hak-padhainchdr{,
H. The deed from the government district officer held by
the Padhdn, setting forth his liabilities, duties, dues, &c.
-Kamaon.
Ghar-padhdm, H. Privately appointed manager of a Za
mindārf willage, or a village with absolute proprietors.
Kamaon.
Praddmi, or, as written, IPirddmi, Tam. (-)प्रै'ंठाcठी) A which their houses stand : ground-rent.
minister, usually applied to the third in rank, or the trea
Surer.
PRApwivARA, S. (प्राडविवाक:) A judge, the chief.justice, the
representative of the Rāja in the royal court.
PRAGwAL, Hindi (प्रागवाल) A Brahman who conducts the
ceremonies of the pilgrimage at Allahabad : the ancient
JPrayaja, shortened vernacularly to Prdj.
PRAJA, sometimes pronounced PARJA, corruptly, PURJAH,
S. &c, (५-9५, प्रजा) Progeny, oftspring ः Subjects, people,
tenants, dependants : in Ktich Bahar, a cultivator at will,
who has half the produce of the land for himself but is re
movable at the pleasure of the proprietor, to whom he is
usually in debt for advances, and is more like a serf than
a free agent : in Cuttack the term is applied to various
low castes, as the barber, washerman, fisherman, weaver,
leather-worker, ttir{-gatherer, &c., who sometimes sell
themselves and families into slavery until they can repay
the purchase-money : the children born during this period
become the property of the purchaser, and, with their
parents, may be bought, sold, or let out for hire until re
deemed : the Parjds do not forfeit their caste or forego
their occupations, living apart from their master, and retain
ing a title to their hereditary possessions.
Prajaibhdj, Mar. (प्रजाभागं) The share of the produce as
signed to the cultivator.
Prajdli, IBeng. (अञ्जीनी) An under-temant.-Rangpur.
JPrajdpdla, or Prajaipati, S. &c. (from S. पाल, a cherisher,
or पति, a lord) A king, a ruler : the fifth year of the
cycle, in this series A.D. l8II-l2 : a name of the deity
JBrahmad.
Prंjdpatya, S. &c. (प्राजापत्य) Relating to Prajdpati, the
name of a form of marriage, the gift of a girl by her
father to the bridegroom : a particular Sacrifice performed
by a man destitute of male issue before appointing a
daughter to raise issue for him : a festival on the 8th of
428
PRA
the dark half of Pausha, in honour of the manes : ex
piatory gift of cows to a Brahman.
JPrajotpatti, S. &c. (प्रजोत्पवि) Begetting children ः ofr.
spring, descendants.
Prajaingat, vernacularly, JParjainat, or corruptly, JPurjote,
and Purjosh, H. (५-५५-9ं) A guit-rent, a cess levied by
Zamindārs upon the Ryots on festive occasions, as at mar
riages ः a house-tax levied by the Zamindars upon the in
habitants of a village, not cultivators, for the ground on
PRARARAN, Mar. (प्रकरण) A department, a province, a
separate business or office.
PRAKAnsHrr, Beng. (S. अहीजि, lita drawn out) Surplus
produce of a thing pledged for usufruct above the interest
of the loan, which is to be repaid to the borrower.
PRAKASAwr KRAwA, S. (प्रकाश, open, public, and विक्रय, sale)
A public sale.
PRA KATANA, Tel. (S. ॐ$&3ॐ) Publishing, making known,
proclamation, notification.
Prahatama-hdjidamu, Tel. (ंys&3.७ऽष्?\ॐ ँoo, from P.
U4a४, paper) An advertisement.
PRAKi RNAKA, S. (प्रकीर्णैक) A decision at law on a case mot
provided for by the law-books.
PRA KRrrA, S. &c. (प्राकृत) Common, natural, vulgar ः not
polished or refined ; said either of language or of people :
a man of a low caste.
PRAMADA, S. &c. (प्रमाद) Carelessness, negligence, Stupidity.
JPramdda, S. &c. (प्रमादी) A careless or stupid fellow ः the
47th year of the cycle.
PRAyrANA, S. &c. (प्रमाण) Authority, proof, proof in law, by
ordeal or oath, by ewidence oral or documentary, and by
possession ः proof in philosophy, by perception, inference,
similarity, authoritative or scriptural assertion, presump
tion, and non-existence : also measure in general : in the
dialects of South India, as Tel. (ं23UTCKC), Tam. (L]ीDr
Larr००ष्ठाta), it usually implies an oath.
Pramanilia, or, more correctly, Prdmanika, S. &c. (प्रमाणिक,
प्रामाणिक) Authoritative, of weight or authority established
by proof, true, just, right : a person whose opinion is to be
respected : a president, a principal, the chief or head of a
caste or trade. Praminiham,Tam.('-ीDuarT०००ीGetb)
Truth, faithfulness, honesty. Pramdinikam, Tam., (L-nD
LorT०ठठीGEॐा) A trusty or upright man. Mal. (G-99
८206े?leerrt) Head of a caste or trade. In Beng. it is
modified also as Pardmanik (श्रद्भीष्मीमिकं), in the sense of
 PRA
the head man of a tribe or trade, chief of an assembly,
head of a willage, and the like. An order from the su
preme authority, a precept or grant summarily issued.
Pram4ni, S. (प्रमाणी) A period or thing of authority. Mal.
(G-92?or?) A person of weight in a village, an umpire
or arbitrator in petty disputes.
PRAyrATAMAHA, or, f MAHi, S. &c. (प्रमातामह -मही) A ma
ternal great grandfather, or great grandmother.
PRAMATHi, S. (प्रमायी) The l8th year of the cycle.
PRAMoDA, S. &c. (प्रमोद) The 4th year of the cycle.
P RANAwAMA, S. &c. (प्राणायाम, from prama प्राण, breath) A
religious exercise with the breath, in three operations ः
l, Itechaka, exhaling by the right nostril, whilst the left
is closed by the fingers of the right hand ; 2. Pairaha, |
placing the thumb of the right hamd on the right nostril, |
raising the fingers from the left and inhaling through it ; |
and 8. Kumbhaka, closing both nostrils : diferent sects
wary the succession of the operations.
PRANAwA, S. (प्रणव) The mystic syllable of the Hindu ritual
Or O'M_
Pr(innydya, or Pragnydya, also Parcanydya, S. (प्राङ्न्याय,
or प्राग्न्याय, and पञ्चैन्याय, from pr4k, or ptirga, prior, and
hydya, judgment) In Hindu law, one who revives a suit
formerly decided : also the plea of ' formerly decided’ by
the defendant when a charge is repeated.
PRANT, S. &c. (c4-4],:, प्रान्त) Limit, boundary ः amongst the
Marathas it is commonly applied to a large division of
country, a province, a Zila.
PRAPANCHARTHA, Mar. (S. प्रपञ्च, the world, or worldly
business, and चयै, for, or on account of) Land exempted
from revenue attached to some secular function, as that of
#'#til, or any willage officer, or for the purpose of keeping PRATIBHU, S. &c. (प्रतिभू) A surety : in Hindu law, three
up useful constructions, as reservoirs or embankments, &c. |
PRAPITA, S. &c. (प्रपिता) A paternal grandfather. is sometimes added.
JPrapitdmaha, S. &c. (प्रपितामह्) A paternal great grand | l. Pratyaya-pratiblud, A surety for confidence, one who
father.
Prapitdmah{, S. &c. (प्रपितामही) A paternal great grand- । 2. Dar8ama-pratibhtl, A surety for appearance.
mother.
PRAPAUTRA, vernacularly, also, PARPUTRA, PARPoTA, &c.
S. &c. (प्रपौत्र) A great grandson.
Prapautri, (प्रपौची) A great granddaughter.
PRAPTAVWAWAHARA, S. (प्राप्न, obtained, व्यवहार, affairs) A ।
young man come of age, one able to conduct his own
affairs and responsible for his conduct.
PRASADA, vernacularly, IPRASAD, S. &c. (प्रसाद) Favour
424
PRA
kindness : it is commonly applied to food or Sweetmeats
which have been offered to an idol, and which are then
distributed amongst the worshippers present, or sent to the
houses of the friends of the establishment, and persons of.
consideration, including Europeans ; for all castes may par
take of the Prasdd of any image : hence the feeding in
common of the pilgrims at Jaganndth is a practice not
peculiar to that shrine, though exhibited there on a large
scale : the food there distributed is termed Mahdjprasad,
or, the great fawour.
Prasddapatra, S. &c. (from पच', a leaf) A deed of gift.
PRA%ETHI, Uriya (slsālO, from S. प्र, and श्रेष्ठी, chief) The
head man of a willage.
PRASTHA, S. &c. (प्रस्य) A measure of capacity for grain,
egual to 4 kudacas or 48 handfuls ; considered by Capt.
"
Jervis the same as the sdr.
PRASIDDHIPATRA, Mar. (S. प्रसिङ्गिपत्रं, from prasiddhi, pub
licity) A paper giving publicity to any matter, a hand-bill,
a notification, a proclamation.
PRAT, PRUT, Mar. (प्रत) A copy (in all its English signi
fications) : the original which is to be copied, or the copy
made : a Specimen : a set or class, an order or grade, a
lot or parcel, an assemblage of bodies of like merit, the
largest or richest of the parcels in which presents to guests
are distributed on festival occasions, intended for the most
distinguished persons. [In these senses it seems to be a pure
Maratha word; in the sense of 'to, towards,or reverse,'&c.:
it is an abbrewiation of the Sanskrit prep. prati (प्रति)].
Pratbandhi, Mar. (प्रतबर्धी) Classification : arranging by
classes or lots.
JPratngdr, Mar. (प्रतवारं) According to classes or lots.
kinds of sureties are most usually Specified, but a fourth
_ engages for the general honesty and responsibility ofanother.
। 8. Dana-pratibhtं, A surety for the repayment of a loan
| or fulfilment of an engagement.
| 4. Dragydrpama-pratibht{, One who engages to give up
। property belonging to the debtor if he fails to pay the debt.
The two first sureties are liable for any loan or advance
made upon their credit if not paid by the borrower: the
। responsibility of the two last, or the engagement to pay
* । or to deliver up property extends to their sons also.
 PRA
Prdtibhdaya, S. &c. (प्रातिभाव्य) Surety, security, the act of
becoming surety.
Pratibhaigrahanam, S. (from ग्रहणं, taking) Acceptance of
security by the court.
PRATIDANA, S. &c. (प्रतिदान) Giving back, either as an egui
walent or recompense, or as a refusal or repayment.
PRATIGRAHA, S. &c. (प्रतिग्रह) Acceptance of gifts, the privi
lege of receiving gifts, one of the peculiar rights of the
Brahman : a ceremonial acceptance of a son for adoption
who is resigned by his parents.
PRATIJNA, commonly pronounced PRATIGwA, S. &c. (प्रतिज्ञा)
Promise, assent : a bet, a wager : in law, a plaint, more
especially after it has been recorded in writing by the
officers of the court.
PRATILoMA, S. &c. (प्रतिलोम) lit., Against the hair : con
trary to the regular course or order, inverse, reverse.
Pratilomdja, S. (प्रतिलोमज) Born or begotten in the in
verse order of the tribes, as the offSpring of a Kshetriya
man and Brahman woman, of a Waisya female and a Sttdra
father, &c.
PRATINIDHI, S. (प्रतिनिधि) A deputy, a representative, a vice
gerent : a title sometimes, but incorrectly, written Priti
nidhi, borne by a distinguished Maratha family, the an
cestor of which first received this title from Rftja Rām
placing him above the eight Pradhdns.
PRATrN wAsA, S. (प्रतिन्यास) Reciprocal deposit, interchange
of deposits.
PRATrPAD, or PRATIPAr, S. &c. (प्रतिपद् -त्) The first day
of a lunar fortnight, either the day of full or new moon.
PRATIPAKSHA, S. &c. (प्रतिपघ) An adversary, an opponent,
a defendant.
PRATIPATTI, S. (प्रतिपत्रि) Acguirement, gain ः in law, ad
mission of a claim.
PRATIsARA, S. (प्रतिसारं) A wreath, a bracelet, dyed strings
or threads tied round the wrists of the contracting parties
at a marriage, or round the wrist of a boy at the perform
ance.of other ceremonies.
PRATrsHTHA, S. &c. (पतिष्ठा) Consecration or setting up of
an image, or a temple: a ceremony performed on the com
pletion of a house before it is inhabited ; also, purification
or re-consecration of an idol, house, or temple that has
been polluted.
PRATiTI, S. &c. (प्रतीfत) Trust, confidence.
PRATIvADA, or vernacularly, -BADA, S. &c. (प्रतिवाद) Reply,
rejoinder, defence.
425
PRA
Pratiuddi, or -bddi, S. &c. (प्रतिवादी) A respondent, a re
plicant, a defendant.
PRATrwAsf, S. &c. (प्रतिवासी) A neighbour (from प्रति, near
to, and वासिनः, who abides).
PRATrwEsf, S. &c. (प्रतिवेशी) A neighbour (प्रति, near to, and
वेश, entering).
JPraticesikatioam, S. (प्रतिवेशिकत्वं) Neighbourship : in law,
pre-emption from wicinage, or the right of a neighbour or
coparcener to purchase any property in his wicinage which
is for sale, in preference to a stranger, on agreeing to give
the same price.
PRATwABHIwooA, S. (प्रत्यभियोग) A counter plaint or plea ः a
counter action brought against the prosecutor.
PRATwARALITA, S. (प्रत्याकलित) Interposed in a suit of law,
the deliberation of the court upon the pleading, and the
determination which party is to produce proof
PRATwAKSHA, S. &c. (प्रत्यघ्य) Perceptible, what is before the
eyes : perception, the first proof of things.
Pratyaksha-dars{, S. &c. (दशीं, who sees) An eye-witness.
PRATwARTHf, S. (प्रत्ययी) A defendant, an opponent.
Pratyarthā-aredana, S. (from स्रावेदनं, information) The
verbal information of the defendant in a suit which is
written down by the officers of the court.
PRATWAwASKANDA, S. (प्रत्यवस्कन्द:) Special plea at law, ad
mission of a fact, but ५ualifying or explaining it so as to
make it no ground of accusation.
PRArvUTrARA, S. &cः (प्रत्युत्तर) A reply in general ः a re
joinder or reply to a reply.
PRAU, or PRAHU, commonly, PRow, or PRoA, Malay ७ध्रं,
४),ं) A term for all wessels between a canoe and a sguare
rigged vessel.
PRAvARA, S. (प्रवर:) Subdivision of a gotra or family, race,
lineage, descendants.
PRAwARTTAKA, PRAwARTTIKA, PRAwARTTf, corruptly, IPAR
BUTTy, IPARPATTI, PREwATAH, S. &c. (प्रवह्नेक, प्रवह्नेिकः,
प्रवर्त्तेी, from pra, over, and वर्त्रे, abiding, presiding over)
Any one who manages affairs, whether for himself or others:
a Superintendant: a judge, an arbiter : it is used, modified
vernacularly, chiefly in the south, where it is applied to
the head man and manager of a willage, especially one
held by Brahmans, also to a subordinate revenue officer :
the neuter noun Pracarttakam, or Pracarttiham, is used
also to signify the general or joint management of a vil
lage by the principal proprietors, or one of their number.
Parcatyam, corruptly, Parpatya, Mal, (a-l2o"g)०), Par
5५
 PRA PUL
battiyam, Tam. (LIrT प्रै'-' ँठीLLia) A subordinate col PGJA, S. &c. (पूजा) Worship, adoration ः (it occurs verna

lectorship, stewardship, superintendence. cularly also with a short a, Puja).

Pargatyakāram, or Praurittikdran, corruptly, Prorgar’
tihar,Mal.(o-potag)८659fort), ७-9ंJ(Jome86mport),Par
battiyakdram, Tam. (-rrप्रै'-' ँठीLLकैerrDrठैी)
Subordinate officer in the revenue department, a native col- |
lector under the Talasilddr, having charge of the collec-
tions of one or more willages : it is sometimes applied to
the head or manager of a willage, or to a government
officer appointed to conduct the affairs of a village which
has no hereditary chief: also to a bailiff or manager of
an estate on behalf of the proprietor.
PRAwASA, S. &c. (प्रवास:) Residing abroad or away from
home.
Pragdsdsedha, S. (स्रासेध, restraint) In law, prohibition
against removal, ' ne exeat.’
PRAwRAJwA, S. (प्रव्रज्या) Wandering about as a mendicant.
Praorojydoasita, corrupted extraordinarily to Perberja
besheer, S. (अवसितं, terminated) An apostate mendicant,
also one who adopts a life of mendicancy ः in either case
the party forfeits his rights of inheritance.
PRAwASCHITTA,vernacularly, PRAwASCHIT, corruptly, PRAIS
CHITT0, S. &c. (प्रायश्चित्तः) Penance, expiation, punishment, \ Puliju2dr, H. (P. 9lं4ं) A bridge-toll.
fine.
PRAwooA, S. &c. (प्रयोग) Principal, as distinguished from
interest : a loan bearing interest.
Prayojyam, S. &c. (प्रयोज्यं) Capital, principal ः a loan.
PRETA, S. &c. (प्रेत) Dead : a corpse : aghost, an evil spirit.
Pretasrdddha, S. (प्रेतश्राड) Obseguial ceremonies to be
Pajaimichcham, Tam. (ं,००etaीढैeth) Unexpended ba
lance of pagoda allowances.
A Pijar{, H. &c. (.9'-9:, पूजारी) A priest in a temple, one
who conducts public worship and receives the offerings
। either on his own account or that of the proprietors of the
temple : he is sometimes a man of low caste, and, when
a Brahman, is held in disrepute : the willage officiating
priest.
PUJU, Tel. (ं9`ee”) The yoke of a plough.
PUKHTA, corruptly, PoKHTA, H. (P. As:) Baked, burnt, as
bricks, whence it is applied to a brick wall or house.
PUKKACHiTTA, Mal. (o-uc96)42-lls) A receipt, a written en
gagement.
Pukkamuri,or Pakhandra, Mal. (o-Ace6aaG), a-acesho-2०)
A receipt.
PUL, H. (P. Uं) A bridge, an embankment, a causeway.
Pulbandं, H. (.*५५) Keeping bridges or embankments
in repair : the public department having that duty t a tax
imposed for the purpose : in Cuttack the term is also ap
plied to the bridge or dam.
PULA, Hindi (पुला) A small bundle of plants or sticks.
Paंl4, or Paili, H. (**, -्र:) A bundle of grass or straw.
PULAIMAkAN, Tam. (L&60Laecठैी) A man of very low
caste, a Paraiya or Pulaya.
PULA KAM, Mal. (o-Je_a9c96)०) Shrivelled grain.
PULAM, Tam. (L-6uta) A field of corn.

offered to a relative during the year of his demise : fifteen
are reduired.
PRiTIDATTA, S. (प्रीति, affection, and दन्त, given) Property
or valuables presented to a female by her relations and
friends at the time of her marriage, constituting part of
her peculiar property.
PtioHI, Tel. (gग`ं) Responsibility.
Hitpichi-laWala, Tel (ॐ *ं७`*टं Co) Accounts
PULAwAN, corruptly, PoLAwAN, PoLEwAN, PoLIAN, PooL
wAN, Mal. (o-Jeacort) The name of a low and servile
caste, or of an indiwidual of such caste, in Malabar : in
this caste the husband resides with his wife though she
may belong to a different master, and their children in
herit any rights the mother may possess.
Pulachchi, IPulahalli, or Pulayi, Mal. The female Pu
layam, or the wife of a slave so termed. _

necessary for current business. Palahottil, or Palanddam, Mal. (o-Jea6)ce6)250(ct), a-aeu

PUDA, or PURA, Beng. (शूज्) A denomination of a land ८20s०) A slave's hut.
measure in some parts of Bengal : the same as Digha (?). Pulappati, Mal. (o-4eAg–(5) A place where slaves place
PUDf, or PURi, Beng. (भूङी) Straw-coloured wariety of sugar stones in memory of deceased relatives.
came. | PULAs, (?) H. Straw, fodder.
PUGAIvARI, Tam. (L०ठxeB6uDh) A tax on houses. । Pt Li, H. (3): पूली) A small guantity of corn given at
PUGAM, S. &c. (पूगं) The betel-nut tree : a multitude : an । harvest to the willage officers and servants.
assemblage of men of diferent trades. P0 Li, Tam. (?) A lease, a deed.
426
 PUL, PUN

Pur,roHI, (?) Mal. The name of an outcaste tribe in Malabar।
residing in the woods, and not allowed to approach a re
spectable individual, or enter a village : they announce
their wants by cries at a distance, when charitably disposed
persons place food for them at the foot of a tree and with
draw : they then advance and receive the donation.
PurrNAn, PU.rsAR, PULAINAR, Tam. (-Grflcणप्रै, Herf)
७ष्;घै, L&०6ोगड्छत्रैः, plur) An outcaste and barbarous
race, the same as the Wedar.
PULINDA, S. (पुलिंद) A barbarian, an outcaste, one inhabi
ting forests and mountains.
PULINDA, H. &c. (lAil:) A bundle, a parcel.
PULIvATTU, Karn. (ं093ं) A fund set apart for religious
PUNAM,Tam.(Lcoाub) Highground not fit for ricecultivation.
PUNARBHU, S. (पुनर्भू, from पुनर्, again, and भू. who is) A
woman married a second time.
JPumargiudha, S. (पुनर्,again,and विवाह्) A second marriage.
PUNAsA, PUNAs, Tel. (ं)त्ज्ंं?) The first crop of the year,
which consists of the smaller grains cultivable on dry
Soils, and
Pundsa:fasl, H. (A. U4*, a season) The season of the
small grain crop: also the cotton harvest (?).
PUNCHA, pron. PUNJA, Mal. (a-46'ंn-l) A crop sown in
Now.-Dec. and reaped in April-May.
PUNCHAKBUSHI, Mal. (o-46a-lgºcer0, for S. कृषि) Culti
vation of wet land.

purposes. PUNCHANILAM, or PUNCHAPPATTAM, Mal. (a-g6an_uor?lea०,

PULLAR. Tam. (L-6b6oर्ष्टr, plur) A low and servile caste o-46a-lg-ips०) Wet land, or land capable of irrigation
employed in agriculture. and bearing rice crops: (the analogy of Pancha or Punja
PULLA8AN, Mal. (o-ug Gooort) A man of a low servile to the Tamil Punslley or Punjai would suggest the sense
tribe, a Paraiyam. of dr/, not foet, land ; but it is so explained in the
Pu LLrvAR, corruptly, PULLAH,PooLLEE,Tam. (-606)u-प्रै, dictionary),
plur) A low outcaste tribe classed with the Parai/ar : PUNDA, Mar. (पुंड) A freebooter, a marauder.
(this and similar designations are perhaps from pulai, and JPundapal, Mar. (पुंडपाल) The chief of a gang of robbers.
palugu, flesh, the several outcaste tribes feeding upon PUNDA, Beng. (ंज) A storehouse, a granary : a seller of
every kind of flesh,even carrion ; the word is no doubt the vegetables.
same as the Mal. Pulayam. PUNJA, S. &c. (पुंज), PUNJA, Mar. (पुंजा) A heap, a guantity.
PULLU, Tel., Karn. (ं)ं), PUL, Tam. (L-60) Grass. PUNJApA, Gu2. (५००४St) A class of Mohammadans in Gu
JPullari, Tel. (ं)go) A tax on pasturage. Zerat, sellers of vegetables.
Pulladindla, Tel. (ं)ं०र्रe) ILand fit only for occa PUNJAM, commonly, but incorrectly, written and pronounced
sional cultivation. PANJAM, PUNJUM, Tel. (ं७०&ं99) A certain number
Puloari, Tam. (L-606-IDh) A tax on grass-land or pas of threads, whence it has come to denote a class of cotton

turage ः (the Glossary, fifth Report, gives Pillioung/, from
Tam. pillu, as well as pullu ; ;pil is a common vulgarism
for pul, grass, and mcany is evidently a mistake for foari).
PU LU DI, Tam. (H(!gg) Dry earth turned up by the
plough : land prepared for dry planting.
Padudihadu, Tam. (-(!gंठीGeºrT G) A ploughed field.
Fugudinattu, Tam. (t-H(!gं) प्रLO) Plants growing on dry
ground.
Pugudigiraippu, Tam. (t-(!gंठी6-hco०Drt-l t-l) Sowing seed
on dry ground previously prepared.
Pu LU KkAI, Tam. (-(gवै,०००e) A slave.
PUMBA, H. (P. ४.}ं) Cotton.
PUMsTAM, (?) Tam. The office of priest in a temple.
PUN, PooN, Karn. A coin or measure of value : (possibly
an error or vernacular corruption of Hiin, or perhaps Pon),
PUNAKULAM, (?) Tam. Land fit for gardens or plantations.
427
cloths warying in guality according to the number of threads
in the woofः they were formerly very extensively exported
from the Madras coast to Europe.
PUN.Jf, H. (े':)PUNJf, Beng. Mar. (दू*ञ्जी, पुंजी) A heap,
_
a small heap, stock, capital, a fund of any thing.
PUNSAwANA, S. &c. (पुंसवन) A ceremony observed when the
first signs of conception are manifested ; the first of the
Samshdras, or essential Hindu rites.
PUNSHEw, or PUNSEy, pronounced, PUNJAI, and written
PUNJA, PooNJA, PUNJAH, PUNJ EE, Tam. (L-ॐाGeuf),
from Pum LCठैT for Pu/ L-60, deficient, inferior, and
Shey Geut-l, cultivation) PUNJE, Karn. (ं)०ं) Dry
land or cultivation, land not admitting of complete ir
rigation, and therefore unfit for the growth of rice, bearing
dry grains of inferior value: the converse of Wanjai: it is
sometimes applied to a sterile soil.
 PUN।
Punsheyhddu, Punjaikddu, Tam. (LcठैाGeºuf Jेerr(B)
Cultivable dry ground.
Punsheyt6ttama, Punjaitottam, Tam. (-ॐौ6ettuट्टै3ंठrा
LL-ta) Gardens or garden land on which any dry crop is
SOWn.
Pansheycari, Panjaicari, Tam. (L-ॐाGe Lil6uDh) Tax
on cultivable dry ground.
PUN wA, vernacularly, PUN, S. &c. (पुण्य) Wirtue, moral merit,
holiness : also, adj., pure, holy.
Punyd, corruptly, JPumeah, vernacular corruption of Pum
/tiha, ५. v. H. (५:ं), Beng. (शूना) In the lower prowinces
the day on which the revenue for the ensuing year is set
tled, or an annual meeting of the direct revenue payers at
the office of the chief collector, or of the cultivating tenants
at the court of the Zamindār, to determine the amount of
the assessment ; the assemblage of the rent-payers forming
a kind of festival or holiday : the term is also applied to
the day on which the first instalment of the annual rent
or rewenue is paid ः in some parts of Bengal the Zamin
dārf accounts and receipts are ante-dated if the Pung/d in
stalment has not been discharged ; i. e. if the rent for the
Bengal year l249 had been paid before the Pung/d of that
year it would be entered as paid in I248. - which had been resumed : allowing it to go on as before.
Punydha, Hindi, Mar. (S. पुख्य, and अहन् , a day) A holi
day, a sacred day, or one on which religious observances
are enjoined ; also the day on which the rent or revenue
for the ensuing year is first settled, or on which the first
instalment is paid.
Punyahachithi, Hindi, (पुण्याहविठी) The summons from the
Zamindār to his temants fixing the day for the settlement
or payment of the rents.
Punydhakharch, Hindi (पुण्याहखरच्) A charge for sweet
meats given to the Ryots on settling their rent.
Punyahapaitra, Beng. (शूनाोहश्रीज) The temant who has the
privilege of being the first to settle for his rent at the
prescribed period.
Panyahaoachand, Mar. (पुण्याहवाचन) A preparatory or pu
rificatory ceremony performed at marriages, or on other fes
tive occasions.
Pung/dhasami, IBeng. (शूनाोहशूनी, from S. शून्यं, empty) Non
payment of rent at the customary day.
Punjalshetra, S. &c. (पुण्यक्षेत्रं, from क्षेच, a field) A place |
of pilgrimage.
PUR, Hindi (पुर) Irrigation of fields by water drawn from
wolls in a large leather bag.
428
PUR
| PURA, wernacularly, PUR, corruptly, PooR, and PoRE, S. &c.
(पुणे) A town, a city ; it is used most freguently in com
position as Sri-rdm-pur, vulgarly, Serampore ; Pundra
??ur, vulgarly, JPumderpore, and the like.
JPurā, S. &c. (पुरी) A city, a small city.
JPurseth, or Pursethā, Beng., Uriya (भूवटमथ, दूतटभंी,
from S. पुर, and श्रेष्ठी, chief) The head man of a town.
or of a ward of a town : in Cuttack, the elected head and
representative of the people of a willage, who was admitted
to engage with government for the rent of the ground on
which the willage was built, and was thence sometimes
considered as the Zamindār, having a title to any diffe
rence between the sum he might receive from the willagers
and that which he paid to the government.
PURA, (?) H. A local term for a measure of land, apparently
the same as a bigh4--Maimansinh.
PU RA, Hindi (पूर) The grain of corn full formed in the ear.
Pu RAIA, pronounced PURADZA, Tel. (ं)Gad, P. 9: , an
account) Daily account of the receipts and disbursements
of a willage : also sea-customs.
PURAJARf, Mar. (पुरजारी, from S. पुरं, before, and A. ५.9५- *
current) Restoration of an Indm, or grant of rent-free land
PURA KA, S. &c. (पूरक) Filling, completing, any terminating
act, as the last presentation of the funeral cake to an in
dividual deceased before the performance of the general
Srdddha to ancestors collectively.
PURAKALAM, Tam. (Lipर्कैe56rTta, from S. पूर्, full) An
allowance of grain to the agricultural labourer after the
crop has been measured.
Pt RAM, Mal. (o-3fo०) A large piece of water, a lake.
PURAMANAI, Tam. (L- puc&ठां, from puram, out, outside)
Land lying beyond or on theoutskirts of an estate or district.
PURAMBOKU, or PURAMPOKU, corruptly, PoREMPoco, PUR
RAMBOKE, Tam. (Hptao- ITर्कैट्, , from '-pta, out, ex
cluded, and GLurT फैG), a place) Such portions of an estate
or willage lands liable to revenue as do not admit of cul
tivation, and are therefore exempted from the assessment,
as sterile or waste land, rock, water, wilderness, site of
dwellings, and the like : also common land near a town :
any place situated out of or beyond certain limits. Pt
RAMBok KA, Mal. (a-d००)CP-Ipees) Extra expense.
| PURAMKADAM, PoRAMKADAM, (?) Mal. Final payment or
loan on which the proprietary right of the owner is trans
। ferred to the lender or mortgagee.
 PUR
PURANA, S. &c. (पुराण) lit., Old ; the especial designation
of a class of works of which eighteen principal are enu
merated in which the ancient traditions of the Hindus,
and legends and doctrines belonging to the chief sects,
as Saivas and Waishnavas, are embodied.
PURANDATA, PURAwARAMBA, PURAVELI, Mal. (०-५००rss,
o-५०o-lfoCo- , a-५०6ीode-])) A largeinternalembankment
or bank.
PURANT, or PURANT-BA KI, GuZ. (५२.u००t, पुं२u००tvtu%b
Balance in hand, stock.
PURAT, GuZ. (५२०t) A bride's portion, a dowry.
PURATANABf DU, Tel. (ं0णंॐॐo) waste land, land
long left fallow.
PURATTAsI, corruptly, PRETASI, PARATAsl, Tam. (LDrtं--
L-rTeºl) The seventh Tamil month (Sept.-Oct.).
PURAvAM, Tam. (- p6-Ita) Hilly ground, also a wood or
woodland country.
Ptj RDARA, Hindi (पूरदरा) The highest average rate of the
rent of a willage.
Pt Rf, H. (S. ५9x) A kind of cake fried in butter.
Pa4?’idn, H. (७५99:, plur. of Pur) The sending of fried
cakes by the bride's relatives to the bridegroom a few days
after the betrothment, one of the marriage customs of the
Mohammadans.
PURIALAM, (?) Tam. A class of Paraiyar.
PU RRAwATH, Beng. (भूत्कोपश्च , from S. पूर, full, perfect, and
कायस्य) The Patiodrं, or village accountant ; also any
skilful Scribe or accountant.-Sylhet. It is applied also in
Bengal to the Brahman who performs the ceremonies at
the Punj/6.
PU RNABHISHERA, S. (पूर्णाभिषेक:, from Pirna, full) Full
consecration or initiation, the complete inauguration or
coronation of a Rāja ः it is now applied to complete initi
ation into mysterious rites, especially those of the Wdm८
ch4ris, or left-hand worshippers of Saht{, the female prin
ciple, when flesh is eaten and spirits are drunk, and other
impure acts are practised.
Pairndbhishikta, (S. पूर्णे, full, and स्रभिषिक्तः, inaugurated)
An adept, one fully initiated.
PU RNAMASA, S. (पूर्णैमास) A religious ceremony performed on
the day of full moon.
Pairnamasi, corruptly, Poorun Mashce, S. &c. (पूर्णैमासी)
IDay of full moon.
Patrigima, S. &c. (पूणैिमा) Day of full moon.
Paraapatra, S. &c. (पूर्णेपाच) A full measure or vesselः in
429
PUR
Mal. (o- ! 'ं,०-9O०) A vessel filled with clothes, orna
ments, &c., to be scrambled for at a festival : a vessel full
of rice, properly egual to 2छे6 handfuls.
PURopASA, S. (पुरोडाश) Clarified butter offered in oblations
to fire, especially with cakes of ground rice which have
been baked or roasted and then well steeped in it.
PURoH ITA, vernacularly, IPURoHIT, corruptly, PRoHIT, UP
RoHIT. S. &c. ( पुरोहित:), in Tam. it is spelt PURoKITAN,
(-6Drrreीgठैी) A family priest, one who conducts the
domestic ceremonies of a tribe, a household, or family ः the
office is sometimes hereditary ः in the south of India it is
also applied to the willage priest and astrologer.
Paurohityam, corruptly, Parcrohetum, S. &c. (पौरोहित्यं)
The office of family or village priest.
PURoNI, Tel. (ं)C`हैं) A note, the chit of Bengal ः a bill,
a note of hand.
PUR8fs, Mar. (पुरशीस or पुरसीसं, P. Uं-५,:) A guestioning
or interrogating as of parties or witnesses in a dispute.
PURTTA, S. &c. (पूर्त्ते:) An act of pious liberality, as digging
a well, planting trees, building a temple, &c.
PURUsHA, vernacularly, PURUsH, S. &c. (पुरूष:) A man, a
male : embodied spirit : etermal spirit.
JPurushdnukrame, or Purushkrame, Beng. (from S. क्रम,
order, succession) By or in course of succession, in the
direct or male line.
Purushdham, Beng. (S. दूहषथन) Property belonging to the
man or husband in contrast to Stridham, or that peculiar
to the wife.
PURvA, vernacularly, PURBA, and PU RAB, or PooRU B, S. &c.
(पृष्ठे) Before, prior, first : east, eastern, the east.
JPaircaja, S. &c. (पूखै, and ज, born) First-born, the eldest
son ; applied especially to the son of the first married
wife, although he may be born subseguently to the sons
of other wives ः plur. Patrgajah। (पूर्धैजा:) Ancestors, pro
genitors.
Pirct, Pairciya, or Pairbiya, (पूर्छी,ं, पूर्व्वेीय) Eastern, as a
native of the eastern countries, or those lying on the east
of the Ganges, beginning from Bahar : also the bhash4,
or dialect of those districts.
PURWAf, H. (.*';'_r: ? पुरवाई) The completion of the sugar-cane
harwest.
PURwA, (?) Hindi, Subdivision, or a dependency of a village:
a detached cluster of houses from the principal village, for
the convenience of agricultural operations.-North-west
Prowinces.
छ् R
 PUR _ PUT
PURwANi, Mar. S. (पुरवणी) Fitting up or supplying a part
wanting : a Supplement, an appendix.
Purrcami-band, Mar. (पुरवणी, and बंद, a sheet of paper)
A supplementary sheet, the paper on which a supplement
is written.
PURwAR, Mar. (पुरवाग्) Substantiating by evidence.
PUs, Poos, H. (U-9:) The name of a month (Dec.-Jan.)ः
see Pausha.
PUSHRARINf, S.&c.(पुष्करिणी) A large pond or piece of water.
PUSHT, H. (P. ५~*ं) The back : ancestry, progenitors.
Pusht Da pusht, or Pusht darpusht, H. (e-º५ ४५ e-*५,
५~~*५99 ५“~~ं), Pust dar ;pust, Mar. (पुरुतदरपुस्त) Gene
ration, by or after or according to generation.
PUSHTA, H. (P. ४ं), PosTA, Beng. (८१iख्ठi) A bank, a
buttress, an embankment, a wall or building of masonry
on the bank of a river or a piece of water.
JPushtabandi, lesscorrectly,Pushtibandi,H.&c. (.geं)
An embankment : repairing embankments : an extra cess
imposed formerly upon the revenue payers for the expense
of keeping embankments in repair.
PUSTAKA, vernacularly, PUSTA K, S. &c. (पुस्तक) PUTTA KAM,
Tam, (Hछैgeth) A book, a manuscript.
Pustalpamat, Mar. (पुस्तकपानट) A general term for books
and papers.
Puttakdar, correct reading of Puttuchddr, (?) Tam. (Hंठं
ट्ठकैgrT प्रै) A kind of collector or Zamindār in Tanjore
in charge of a district : lit., a bookkeeper.-Fifth Rep.
PUTH, (?) H. Small sand hillocks commonly found at the
extremity of a village where the country ceases to be level:
sometimes the whole area of the willage is of this descrip
tion.-Agra.
PUTRA, S., but universally adopted, or, vernacularly, PUT,
(पुच:, पूत) A son : in the old Hindu law the term was ap
plicable to twelve objects of affiliation ः l. Aurasa (from
1aras उरसः, the breast) A legitimate son, or one born of
a wife of the same class ; 2. Kshetraja (from क्षेच, a field,
ie. a wife, and ज, born) The son born of a wife duly
appointed to raise up issue to a husband who is incom
petent, or has died childless ; B. 7Datta or Dattaka (from
दच्तः, given) A son given by his parents for adoption, ac
cording to prescribed rules : a son lawfully adopted ः in
some cases the natural father retains a right in his son,
when he is termed Dn'/dmashdiyana, or the son of two
fathers, and is heir to both ; 4. Kritrima (from कृतं, made)
A son made : a boy of the same class as the person adopt
480
| ing him, who is either an orphan, or has been deserted by
his parents ; 5. Gadhaja (from gtidha गूढ , secret) Son of
concealed birth ः one born of the wife during the absence
of a husband, or under circumstances which leave the father
doubtful; 6. Apaciddha (अपविडः, lit., deserted) A found
ling ः one deserted by his natural parents and adopted by
a stranger ; 7. Kanāna (from kanyd कन्या, a virgin) The
son of a girl, yet unmarried, or before consummation ;
8. Sahodha (from saha सह, with, and ttdhd जढा, a bride)
The son ofa pregnant bride, who, being aceepted with the
woman, becomes the son of the husband ; 9. Krita (क्रीत)
The son bought, one purchased of his parents ; I0. Pau
narbhapa (see Pumarbhu) Son of a twice married wo
man ; 11. Sicayamdatta (from sicayam खयम्, self, and
datta, given) A son self-giveny one who, being without
natural parents, or being deserted by them, offers himself
for adoption ; l2.JPaira8aca (from para, परा , another, and
saca शवः, a corpse) The son of a Sttdra mother by a man
of the three first castes. Another description of son some
times enumerated as one of the twelve, to the exclusion of
the last, is the Putrikdiputra or son of a daughter
(पुचिका), who, by agreement or adoption, becomes the son
of her father : of these, in the present age, besides the son
lawfully begotten, the son given, or adopted son, is univer
sally recognised : the son made, or Kritrima, is acknow
ledged in some places, as in Mithild ; the admissibility of
the son bought is disputed: the rest are universally rejected.
Putrabludga, S. &c. (पुचभाग) Division of inheritance
amongst, or according to, sons.
Putrapratinidhi S. (प्रतिनिधि, a substitute) Any affiliated
son other than the son begotten : an illegitimate son, or
one who, without being legally adopted, is treated as a child.
Putreshti, S. (पुचेष्टि) A Sacrifice performed in order to ob
tain male children, one performed at the time of adoption.
Putri, or Put;rika, S. &c. (पुची, पुचिका)
A daughter.
PUTTAN, Mal. (a-d(orort) A coin current in Cochin.
PUTTI, PooTy, corruptly, PooTTIE, PoDDIE, Pooryw, Tel.
(ं) A measure of capacity egual to twenty Tims,
and containing l494l .058 cubic inches: tlie same as the
khandi or cand/ ः in the northern Sarkārs the Pattt is of
smaller dimensions, consisting of 308ā.418 cubic inches.
-Jervisः butthere is also one larger termed Malka Pugi.
It is sometimes applied to a measure of land of about
eight acres.
83
Pattidosilla Tel. (ं)ं9ं)
&.) A fee of two handfuls
 PUT
from each putti of grain paid to the village servants, pro
hibited at present, but freguently lewied.
Puttām८mik6, Tel. (ंशं२ई) A mdmik6ं, or measure
so termed, or I60th part per putti distributed in charity.
PUTt vAL, Mal. (o-Ago-"(ct, from putti, new) Newly in
closed or cultiwated land.
Puttical-patam, Mal. (०-44Do-loba-l23०) Rent of newly
cultivated land.
R.
RAB, corruptly, RAUB, Hindi, &c. (राब) Inspissated juice of
the sugar-cane : also, in Mar., ground prepared by the
burning of leaves, grass, sticks, &c., for Sowing : also the
crop raised on the ground So prepared.
RA BA, Thug. Any trick practised on travellers.
RABADI, or RABARI, GuZ. (२“tu!) A caste ofcowherds and
milkmen, or an individual of the caste, who attend on and
gra2e cattle, and sell the milk of both cows and camels,
and the Ghee made from it.
RABNi, or RAPst K, Mar. (रावणी, राषशूक) Culture, tillage,
the operations of husbandry generally.
RABTA, incorrectly, RAPTEP, Mar. (राबता, from रावणे, to
labour) The practice of exacting labour on public service,
or for public functionaries, from the IMhdrs of a willage :
a tax in commutation of such labour: it also occurs as
#t4bt4-?mhdr.
7t4btya, Mar. (राबल्या) The willage Mh4r compelled to give
his labour on public work, or pay a commutation tax.
RABB, RUBB, H. (A. ५-9) A lord, a master.
#tabb-al-6rg, H. (A. C9-4le#9) A landholder, a proprietor
of land.
7tabb-al-mal, H. (A. J५Jlu#9) An owner or possessor of
property or capital.
7tabb-us-salam, H. (A~"c#9) A purchaser who pays for am
article in advance or anticipation.
RABIA, pronounced, RABf, commonly, but incorrectly, RUB
BEE, H. (A. eं9. Hindi, Mar. (रबी, रवी) The spring,
the months of March-April : the spring harvest or crop
sown after the rains and reaped in the first three or four
months of the year ensuing : a name common to the third
and fourth months of the Mohammadan year.
Rabia-al-dical, H. (A. J;"ं9) The first of the two months
termed Itabid, the third of the Mohammadan year.
Rabia-us-84n{, H. (A. ५4"e9) The fourth month of the
Mohammadan year, the second TRabia.
481
RAE'
RAcH, Asam (तष्ठॆि) A loom.
RACHA, RACHAwADU, pronounced, RATSAwAR, corruptly,
RACHEwAR, RAIswAR,RowAR,Tel. (C`ं, ठंs.JekC)
probably from the S. राजा) The name of a military and
ruling tribe, or of an individual of it, claiming descent from
the pure Kshatriyas of the Hindus, established chiefly in
the northern Sarkārs, and remarkable for their high sense
of honour, and the desperate acts by which they expiate a
real or imaginary insult.
RADD, or RUDD, less correctly, RAD, or RUD, H. &c. (A. 3)) _
RADDU, Tel., Karn. (ं) Rejection, repulsion, refu
tation, reply : repeal, abrogation, making null and void ;
sometimes, erasure : in Mohammadan law it applies espe
cially to the return or surplus of an inheritance which
remains after the legal portions have been distributed among
the sharers, and which, in default of a residuary heir, re
turns, or is to be divided amongst the original Sharers.
Rad-batel, Gu2. (२ऽvtuदt&t) Null and voidः in law, abro
gated, repealed.
Radd-ul.jarodb, or Radd-i.jarcab, H. (A. ५~'-'ं) Re
joinder, reply to a reply, refutation of a defence.
Itadd-ndma, H. (P. &०७, a document) A deed of rescission,
one abrogating a former engagement.
Jºaddu-mddida-hdjada, Karm. (sंoo०&ठब्xe) A
paper or voncher on which the writing is erased.
RAD'H, pronounced RARH, Beng. (क्रोष्ट) The part of Bengal
which lies on the west of the Hugli branch of the Ganges.
Taddhi, Radhiya, or Tºdrhi, Itdrhiya, Beng. (हीळि, क्रीषॆीपं)
Belonging to the country of Itdrh ; applied especially to
one of the two principal divisions of the Brahmans of
Gaur, or Bengal, subdivided into fifty-six branches or fami
lies, of which six are considered as Kulimas, or Brahmans
of family : their designations are Mukhutं, vulgarly Muk
harjia, Ganguli or Gangoli, Kanjelala, Ghoshdla, vul
garly Gosaul, Bandhyagati, vulgarly Bamerjia or Bon
marji, and Chatati, vulgarly Chattarji, Chatoji, or Cha
turjia : these, if correctly given, are proper names with
out any peculiar signifiation : also an armed messenger
or attendant, a Peom, a Barkandda ; also the name of a
low and serwile caste in Cuttack.
RAFA, corruptly, RUFFAH, H. &c. (ं9a रफा) Settlement of
an affair or dispute.
Jagfindma, H. (&~'Geg)) A deed of compromise, one by which
a dispute is settled.
Itafa-dard, H. (Geg), Itaphe-daphe, Mar. (एफे दफ़े) Settle
 RAF'
ment of an affair, liguidation of a debt, deciding a disputeः ।
sometimes used adjectively, settled, decided.
RAFIA, H. (A. ं), from g), elevation) High, noble ; used
commonly in forming titles, as, Rafta-al-darjdit, the high
in degree ; Rafta-us-shdn, the high in dignity, &c.
RAFrZi, or RAF2f, H. (A. .*), Jं49) A heretie, com
monly applied by the Suni Mohammadans to the Shfas.
RAFUGAR, H. (A. P.A%, from 9, darning) A darner, one
whose business is to mend or darn cloth, silk, shawls, &c.
RAGADA, Tel. (C” Kॐ) Black clay soil.
RAGi, vulgarly, RAGGw, Karn. (Co?\), Mal. (opC/?),
RAGULU, Tel. (plur. Cº०eo) A kind of grain, a sort
of panic commonly termed also Wachemi : see Waclimā.
RAGON, Thug. An omen, good or bad.
RAGNAUTI, Thug. Taking the auspices.
RAH, RAH, H. &c. (P. ४), ४), रहं, राह), also RAHA, Mar.
(रहा) A road, a way ः (in its compounds in Hindustani
it may be written with either the short or the long vowel,
although, as the latter is in general more used, it is here
given in that form only in the words of that language),
F84hbar, H. (P. As)) A guide, a conductor ; Rahbardm,
plur., an item of deduction formerly allowed to the Za
mindārs to cover the expense of providing guides for
the safe conduct of travellers and traders through their
eStateS.
Fºdhd4r, H. ()'As)) A collector of tolls or transit duties.
Fºdhddr{, incorrectly, Tºddarred, Italidarr/, and Itahdurry,
H. &c. (.s9les), from ५9'e, having, keeping), Itahddr ं,
or Rahdd4r{, Mar. (रहदार्णी, रहादार्णी) A passport, a custom
pass or permit : transit duties, tolls and duties collected
at inland stations upon grain and other articles, lewied for
merly by the government, or sometimes by the Zamindārs
on their own authority
F?ahadr4-, or Rahdddr4-jahdt, Mar. (रहदारी -ग्रहादार्णीजकात)
Transit duties ः in Sindh, Black mail, a fee paid to escape
plunder. _
Panai,{-chai, Tel. (ॐण”व्र9**) A custom pass spe
cifying the duties to have been paid.
78ahddri-pullari, Tel. (3).ºg०) A tax or fine lewied for
merly on cattle passing ower fields.
Tºdhāir, H. 9AG)) A traveller.
Raihhharch, H. (P. F)** )) Way-expenses,travelling charges.
IRMhnamd, H. (P. ५As)) A guide.
Fºdih2am, H. (P. ७*) A robber, a highwayman.
Jºdh2ani, H. (.});) Robbing on the road.
482
RAI
Rah2ami-b6-khain, H. (P. Jx#-, blood) Highway robbery
with murder.
78dh2am?-b८-2akhm, H. (A. /**9, a wound) Robbery on the
road with personal injury.
RAHAi, H. (P. .s५9) Liberation, escape.
RAHAT,or RAHAT,also,vernacularly,ARHAT, and HARArH, ५.w.
Hindi, Mar. (रहट, रहाट) A machine for drawing water
from wells, a beam connecting two wheels so employed,
or the Persiam water-wheel.
Italiddjar, Mar. (हाटागर)A plantation irrigated by water
wheels.
J:ahdt-gddjeg, Mar. (रहाटगाडग) A wheel with a wreath of
pots round it for drawing up water from a well, the
Persian water-wheel.
Itahati, Mar. (ऐहाटी) A water-wheel worked by the feet.
#taliaticami, Mar. (रहाटवणी) Water supplied by a water
wheel from a well.
RAHN, incorrectly, RAHIN, H. (A. ७9) A pledge, a pawn,
property given as security for a loan, but of which the
usufruct is not enjoyed by the lender, nor can it be trans
ferred or sold.
Italianndmd, incorrectly, Jºahin-ndnua, Uriya (6२६el१॥१|)
A deed of mortgage, a deed of pledge.
Italian-tamassuk, Uriya (from H.७49.AG) Amortgage-bond
#dhin, H. (A. ७s)) A borrower on a pledge or pawn.
#ahain, H. (A-J;9) Thething pawnedorproperty mortgaged.
RAHNA, Thug. lit., 'To remain,’ a temporary grave.
RAHITA, RAHITU, Karn. (ॐ&०ठं, ॐ&०GO) A farmer, a cul
tivator (a corruption of Raiat).
RAHwA, H. (}9) A slave, one not purchased.
RAHwAf, H. (.s'*9, from rahma, to remain) House rent.
Itahmudid, H. (५';9) An inhabitant, a householder.
RAf, corruptly, Row, H. (.s}} RAE, Hindi (राष्ट), RAy, Beng.
(क्रीष) A prince, being a provincialism for Raja ः under
the Mohammadan governments it was a title given to
Hindu civil officers of high rank, whence it became a
family designation, as, Itammohum Roy.
##*rdydn, corruptly, Itoy-royam, H. (J५) _s)) Aprince:
lit-, prince of princes, but applied as a title to Hindu civil
functionaries of high rank ः it was the title borne by the
financial minister and treasurer of the Nawab of Bengal,
and was assigned by the British government to the chief
native revenue officer whom they appointed in I772, on
abolishing the office of Naib Diwan.
RAi, or RAAI, corruptly, RWE,H. (A. ५.*) Rate, the local rate
 RAf
of assessment, the standard rate at which the lands of a
willage or district are asssesed, according to their seweral
gualities. Reg. ii. 1795.
Rai-bandi, Rybundee, H. (५*५.*9) A statement or table
of rates, a document shewing the rates at which different
descriptions of land are usually assessed in any particular
district.
Raā-kankattā, H. (Gं%A)) ILands of which the assess
ment was rated according to the value, or a fixed or cus
tomary rate, of produce per bigh८.
RAfdAR, H. 9%)) A caste or tribe of Rajputs ः in Mherwara
it is applied to a low caste working in skins and leather,
or employed as labourers.
RAfJ, H. (A. e) Customary, usual, current.
784{j-ul-nalat, H. (A. ५- ँ;"2)) The practice or custom
of the time.
RAf KAT, Beng. (?) A title given in some places to the pos
sessor of a Zamindari, as the head of the family and right
ful heir.
RArwAT, vernacularly, RAwAT, and, corruptly, RwoT, H. (A.
५-*e9, plur. Itadya, or India, or Itaya, ५५-9 ॥ from ५.*9 ?
to pasture, to feed, to protect), Hindi and Mar. (रायत),
RAIvAT, Beng.(द्भरेिपथ्),RAwUTU,Tel.(C”०७०cंO) A sub
ject, but especially applied to the agricultural population,
a cultivator, a farmer, a peasant.
Tºdyatdrod, Mar. (रायतावा) Subjects or peasants collectively,
people, peasantry.
Jºdiyat-aadr, H. (P. );), who torments) Tyrannous, op
pressive, an oppressor.
7tdiyatā, or Hºayatt, corruptly, TRyotee, H. (A*), रषती),
Jºdiyati, IBeng. (वद्भेिषजैी) Relating or belonging to a
-7taiyat t applied also in Bengal to lands of which the
revenue is paid in money, in opposition to the Khamdr
lands, of which the revenue is paid in kind ; also to a
settlement direct with the cultivators ; also, subjection,
tenancy.
Itaiyat-ndma, H. (P. &०५, a document) An engagement
given by the cultivators to the landlord or proprietor.
_
#tdiyati pattd, corruptly, IRyotee pottah, H. (फैः J*9)
A lease given to a peasant or cultivator.
Raiyat-parroar, H. (P. )99:, protecting) A benevolent
sowereign or landlord.
#taiyatndr, corruptly, Ryoticar, H. (P.०b५-*9) Accord
ing to or with Itaiyats, familiarly applied to the revenue
settlement which is made by the gowernment officers with
488
RAJ
each actual cultivator of the soil for a given term, usually
a twelvemonth, at a stipulated money rent, without the in
tervention of a third party : it is the mode of assessment
which prevails chiefly, although not exclusively, in the
provinces of the Madras Presidency.
Jºdiyatirdrjam4-bandi, H. (from .sAJ५xA-) Statement
of the rewenue settlement made with each cultivator.
Jaayani-nuchchilika, Tel. (A. Goxणं२ंooं?9शं) An
engagement entered into by the willagers for the cultivation
of the lands.
RAJ, H. (ह! । S. Rajyam राज्यं) A kingdom, a principality.
RAJA, H. (S. ५-J) A king, a prince, a title given by the
native governments, and in later times by the British go
vernment, to Hindus of rank : it is also assumed by petty
chiefs in various parts of Hindustan, and is not uncom
monly borne by Zamindars. (In Sanscrit compounds Hºdjd
makes the final short, as R4jadharma, the duty of a king :
and in the spoken languages this is vulgarly abridged
to Raj, as R4jdharm, Wadjdanda, &c. : - it is, of course,
more correct in all cases to retain the short final wowel,
but in compliance with current use some of the following
terms are also given without it.
Jtdjabhdjam,Tel. (Cºadदग्*7(०),or Rajbhag,Mar. (राजभाग,
from S. bhaja भागं, a share) The government share of
the revenue or of the crop.
Jº6jak{, Mar. (राजकी, from S. राजकीय) Royal, relating to
royalty; especially as vernacularly used in an evil sense,
oppressive, tyrannical.
Tºdjahrdnti,or Fºdjakrdnt.Mar. (राजक्रौंfत,from S. स्राक्रान्तिः,
attack) Hostile invasion, depredation committed by an
enemy, alarm attending it; also regal oppression, tyranny.
Rajabans{, Rajbansi, Beng. (क्रीखाद॰*ी, from S. bansa, or
bansa र्वशा, a race ; of royal-race) The name of a low agri
cultural caste in Rangpur : in its literal sense it is ap
plicable to any of the royal or martial tribes, as the
Rajputs, &c.
Jºdjbah4, H. (S. from U५, to flow) The principal or com
mon branch of a canal.
Rajabhent, H. (५-3.५१, a visit) A present to a great man
on waiting on him, or a fee paid to a public functionary
for permission to begin to reap.
Jadjdanda, Beng. (ह्रीजनि७, S. दण्ड) A fine or penalty in
flicted by the prince or ruler.
Rajadhdni, or Rajdhdnt, H. &c. (.jbo-]), S. राजधानी)
A capital city, the residence of the goverming authority ः
ā s
 RAJ
in Rangpur R4jdhani designates the neighbouring pos
sessions of the Raja of Kuch Bahar.
J:ंjdhuti, IBeng. (ताञ्जषूङी) A piece of cloth, such as is worn
round the loins, presented to a Zamindār by a temant on
receiving permission to marry.
Rajguru, or Rājgur, Hindi (राजगुरू) The spiritual adviser
of a prince or chief; considered as belonging to a parti
cular caste in the Dakhin t in Gu2erat the Brahmans who
officiate as the domestic priests of the Jharejas.
784jih, Mar. &c. (राजीक), Edjikam, Mal. (opध्3le8x०) Op
pressive tyranny, any distress arising from bad government :
also the calamities of hostile invasion.
Jºdjkar, Beng. (क्रiअश्नः, S. कर्, a tax) The government tax
Or rewenue.
#4jakumar, or Rajkuindr, or R4jakumara, Hindi (राज
कुमार, from S. कुमार, a youth, a prince) The son of a
Rāja, a prince : the name of a numerous and opulent caste
in the north-west prowinces, following agriculture, though
claiming to be of the military or regal tribe : the Rāj
kumārs in the district of Benares were notorious for the
murder of their infant daughters.
#4japut, or Tºdjput, commonly, Itajpoot, H.&c. (५-'*-),
राजपुत, from S. राजा, and putra पुच, a son), in some
dialects,as in Gu८.,Rajput, or R५jpoot(२०४५०t) A prince,
the son of a Rāja, the general designation of the races in
the north and west of India, who pretend to spring from
the ancient dynasties of the sun and moon, forming the
Stiryacan:? and Chandrauamus tribes, or from a sacred
fire kindled on Mount Abu, by the saint Agastya, and
who are thence termed Agmi-kula, of the family of fire :
from these sources thirty-six primary royal races are sup
posed to originate. The solar dynasties are, 1. the Grahi
lote, or Gehlote, of which the Rana of Udayapur is a mem
ber: it is subdiwided into twenty-four Sakhds, or branches,
of which the Sisodhia is the most distinguished, sometimes
giving a title to the whole race ; 2. Italitore, said to be
descended from Itdma, by Ku8a, his second son ; but this
is sometimes disputed: ithas twenty-four branches: the Rāja
of Marroar, or Jodhpur, belongs to this tribe ; 8. Kach
mudhd, also said to spring from Kusa, to which the Rajas
of Jag/pur belong : it comprises twelve JKothris, or houses.
There is but one race said to spring from the moon, through
JK?’ishna, or that of Hadu or Jadu, comprehending eight
branches, of which two are well known and powerful, the
Jhargja, and Bhattt, of which the Rajas of Cutch and
484
RAJ
Jaisalmer are members. The Tudr tribe is of doubtful
origin,although boasting of Wikramaiditya as a member; it
is usually considered a branch of the Hadu race. The Agni
/*ula races are originally four, the Pramara, Parihdra,
Chdlukya, Chaulukya, or Solanki, and Chauhdn ; the first
contains thirty-five Sdikk4s, of which the best known are
the Mori, supposed to be the same as the IMaurya, which
would include Chandragupta, or Sandrocoptus, the Soda,
Sankld, Khair, Umra, and Sumra (now Mohammadans),
Wehil, Maipamoat, Balh4r, Kaba, Omata, Rehar,
JDhumdha, Sortiah, and Harir : all these are in the west
of Malwa and the desert of the Indus ; 2. the Parihdra
has twelve diwisions, but is little known ; 8. the Ch6
lukya race was once of great power in the west of India
and Gu2erat, as still testified by numerous inscriptions,
dated in the elewenth, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries: a
more ancient branch also was powerful in the JDakhin :
sixteen branches are specified, of which the Bhagel tribe is
the best known ; 4. the Chauhdm, or Chdhumdna, com
prised twenty-four branches, of whom the IIdras, giving a
name to the district of IIdrdiuatt, and numbering amongst
its ranks the Rajas of Kota and Dundi, is the most eminent.
The Khichis of Raghugarh, Deoras of Sirohi, Sonagarasof ā
Jhalore, and Pargaichas of Pawagarh,are also distinguished
branches. Besides these, the thirty-six royal races include
many whose origin even fiction has not ventured to ac
count for, as the Chaura, or Chdmoara, the T'4k or Tak
shak, the Jit of the Punjab, and Jait of the Jumna and १
Ganges, who, nevertheless, is newer styled a Rājput, the
.Hilm, the Katti, the Batta, the Jhalamakicahama, from
whom Jhdlamudr is named, the Gohil, Sarroagya, or Sari
aspa, the Jetica, or Kamari, Dabi, Gor, Doda, Gerhrcal,
Chandela, IBumdela, IBir-gijar, Sengar, Sikharmudl, Bais,
JDahia, Johya, Mohil, IWikumba, Itatjpati, Dahirya,
JDahima : the lists of these races, however, differ materially,
and some of the tribes pretend also to trace their descent
from the solar or lunar dynasties : of those best known
almost innumerable subdiwisions are to be met with in
different parts of India, but especially in the Upper Pr0
winces, extending from Bahar and Benares to the north and
west of the Punjab, in Malwa, and in the region to which
they give their name, Itatjasthdna, or ftdjputdina, spread
ing to the Indus and Sindh westward, and southward into
GuZerat and Cutch.
Jadja४dsanam, Mal. (S. fo?ध्१००?orooo०, from S. शासनं,
 RAJ
an order) A royal edict or command, regal government ः
a royal grant, especially a grant by some prince or public
officer, inscribed on plates of copper.
' R4jasica, Beng. (S. झञ्जिकाञ्च, from S. स्व, own) Tax or
revenue due to the gowernment, royal or public rewenue.
Rajwodr, Rajioard, Beng. (S. ऋञ्जि७i७, झञ्जि७iजi) In
Rangpur, the territory of the Kuch Bahar Rāja, as dis
tinct from the Company's.
Rajwodro, GuZ. (२०vetuऽu) The country of the Rajputs,
Marwar, &c.
RAJA, Thug. The loud call of the large owl.
RAJAB, H. (A. ५--~-9) The seventh month of the Moham
madan year, also called Itajab-al-murajab, the sacred or
holy year, as hostilities amongst the Arab tribes were pro
hibited during its continuance before Mohammadanism.
RAJfA, (?) H. A grain-measure.-Gorakhpur.
RAJAKA, RAJAK, S. &c. (जक) A washerman.
RAJM, A. (**9) Stoning to death, by Mohammadan law the
punishment of adultery.
RAJAr, H. (A. ५-~～9) Return, return of the person di
vorcing to the person diworced.
RAJI, H. A barbarous tribe in Kamaon. See Itamoat.
RArtvANARU, RAuivAvARU, Karn. (श्*९यं9,
०व्)a3९०93ं9, plur) A class of Sadras employed under
the former gowernment of Mysore as armed peons: a class of
people in KamaonspeakingTelugu, and pretending todescend
from the Kshatriya caste, practising medicine and other arts.
RARA, H. &c. (S. ४])) Full moon, also day of full moon.
RAkAM, RAKM, or RUKUst, H. &c. (A. #9) A writing, a
handwriting ; a mark; a peculiar method of notation with
the initials ofArabic names of numbers: kind, Sort, manner:
an item of an account ; any fixed or stipulated sum ; a
fractional share of an undivided estate : rate of assessment:
in Kamaon, rent, rewenue.
JPakam singdi, H. (*';“/-9a A. ';“, except, besides) What
is ower or in excess of the stipulated Sum or rewenue.
Rakami,or Itakmi,H. &c.(._*g)) Written, noted, registered:
according tokindor sort; according tousage: estimated, com
puted,not exactlydetermined; or sometimes it means settled,
fixed, permanent, especially as applied to the land tax.
T8akam-cdri, Tel. (ं$०~ण`9) According to sort or kind,
especially as to coins of different currencies.
ftaikim, H. (A. F)) A writer, the writer of any document.
RAKANA, Mar. (एकाना) A division or colomn made on a sheet
of paper by folding it longitudinally. _ a bill of exchange for the amount.
485 _
RAK
RARAT,H.(A. ५-9) Repeating orreadinga number ofprayers
of the Kuran, accompanying it with warious gesticulations,
as prostrations and genuflexions, which may be either com
manded, or traditional, or voluntary ; the orthodox attitude
consists in bending the body forwards as hori2ontally from
the hips as possible, resting the palms of the hands on the
knees and fixing the eyes on the great toes. See Eukud
RAKBA, RUKBA, corruptly, RUCKBAH, H. &c. (A.AAG), रकषा)
Inclosure, area : the lands comprised within the boundaries
of a willage or township, or constituting an estate or
farm paying a money-revenue : the measured or ascertained
extent of sudh lands ः (the notion may have been bor
rowed from the original radical ftakaba, meaning to put a
chain or collar round the neck, whence the substantive,
a collar, and thence an area) : thence also, in Mohammadan
law, a slave, a purchased slave.
Itakbabandi, corruptly, Fuckbabundee, H. (A. ८.sAं&g) ,
रकषावंदी) A statement of the area of any estate, village,
or township, one of the accounts that should be kept by
the willage accountant, shewing the total guantity of land
belonging to the community, the portions that pay or are
exempt from revenue, and those which are cultivated or
uncultivated, or incapable of cultivation.
Italibasamin, H. (from P. J४-७;) The ascertained whole
extent of the lands of a township paying revenue.
RAkH, H. &c. (-4%]), राख, S. राष्ा) Ashes.
78akhrangoli, Mar. (राखणांगोली) Total devastation of a
field, country, &c., as if it was reduced to ashes.
RA KSHANA, S. (रघण), in the dialects the s is rejected, and
the first wowel sometimes made long, as, RAKHAN, H.
( ७*)), RAkHAN, Beng. Mar. (क्रiर्थन्) Preserving, guard
ing, protecting, keeping ; tending, as cattle and the like ;
sometimes, also, the hire or pay of a guard or a present or
fee for protection.
Jºdhhnd, Mar. (राखणा) A guard, a watch, a person set to
tend cattle.
Jtakhanddr, Mar. (राखणदार) A watch or guard ower a
house, field, &c.
Itakhanhdr, H. ()'s.J4%) A watch, a guard.
Rakhani, Beng. (हीर्थनि) Hire or pay of a guard or watch.
Jºdkhdl, Beng. (ह्रistiल) A shepherd, a cowherd, one who
tends cattle, &c.
Jºdkhd, Gu2. (२u५tu) The purchaser of a bill ofexchange,
one who pays a Sum of money to a banker and receives
 RAK
-78akhā, H. ५-*)) Tribute paid for protection, a kind of
black mail f also a protector.
Jtakh{, Hindi, &c. (राखी, S. रक्षी) A piece of thread or
silk, or tinsel, bound round the wrist on particular occa
sions, especially on the full moon of Srdoam, either as
an amulet and preservative against misfortune, or as a
symbol of mutual dependence, or as a mark of respect :
amongst the Rājputs it is sometimes sent by a lady of rank
or family to a person of influence or power whose protec
tion she is desirous of securing, and whom she thus adopts,
as it were, as a male relative or brother : in Puraniya,
Jºdikhā implies the portion of the lands of the willage as
signed as the watch or charge ofeach Itakhmpdld : in My
sore the term is also applied to the actual cautery.
Rahhiparpimd, Hindi, &c. (राखीपूर्णेिमा, from S. पूर्णैिमा, day
of full moon) The day of full moon in the month Srdoam,
on which the Tºdhhं is sent to, or brought by, friends, or
by Brahmans, and bound round the wrist with a suitable
mantra or prayer.
Jtakhopa, Gu2. (२vtuभ५) A tax paid for protection against
thieves.
JItakhopo, Gus. (२vtuपu) Money paid for watching or
guarding goods or houses, &c., a watchman, a guard,
Rakhmo4r, Rakhmudl, or TRakhmudld, H. &c. 9';ं), J'*_/ *
"949) A guard, a watch, a keeper of a field, one who has
charge of the standing crops to prevent their being injured
or plundered, a tender on cattle and the like : a protector,
a guardian : in some parts the term is also applied to one
who is supposed to be capable of counteracting the evil
designs or practices of malevolent beings, or witchcraft,
and the like.
78akhmodli, H. (_'*) The office of watching, guarding,
&c., the hire of a guard or watch : money paid for pro
tection against depredators, or for refraining from depre
dation, black mail.
JPaksh4bhogam, Mal. (S. foeeS०2662०००) Tax or fee paid
by an inferior to a superior for the latter’s protection.
RARHAT, Hindi (राखात) Lands set apart for graZing.
Puraniya.
RAKHLE, incorrectly RAKHILE, Mar. (राखले) A word used to
denote the purchaser of a hundi or bill of exchange, he
by whom the money has been paid, and in whose favour
it is drawn.
RAKSHAs, S. wernacularly, RAKHAS (रघस, रखस) RACHHAs,
H. (U~+!।' An evil spirit, a demon, a goblin.
486
RAM
Jidkshasa, S., vernacularly, Itahhas, or Rachhas, (राषस,
राखस) Relating to a demon : one form of marriage an
ciently recognised, where a maiden has been carried off
by force after her kinsmen have been subdued or slain,
a fiend-like marriage : the 49th year of the cycle.
#talthasf beld, or Rakshas beld, H. &c.().५.4ं]), राक्षसषेव्ठा)
Twilight, about an hour and a half before dark: time
when evil spirits are abroad.
#dichhas-biah, H. (४५c~4-}) Wiolent seiºure and abduc
tion of a girl.
RARHT, H. (P. ५-*9) Goods, chattels, effects.
Jtakht o matdd, P. A. (89-४५-*-9) Personal property ex
clusive of cash or bullion, or negociable stock ; more pro
perly denominated Mal, although Mal, used in a com
prehensive sense, includes all personal property.
RART, RUKT, H. &c. (S. ५-9, रक्) Red, blood.
Itaktakshi, S. &c. (रक्ताक्षी) The B8th year of the cycle :
lit., the red-eyed,
#ahtahodge, Karn. (*.*००7) Grant ofland ren-n.
to the family of a servant killed in battle.
-7taktamdnyam, Mar. (रक्तमान्र्य) Free-rent lands granted for
wounds or for services in war : blood-money.
#aktiodin, Mar. (रक्तवान) A person whose occupation is
selling ink ; a servant whose duty it is to Supply ink and
Provide and place the leaves that are used as plates at a meal.
RAMAA, A. (*५७) Usury.
RAMARAsti, Tel. (ॐण`ॐ२०) An average t or, adv., upon
or according to an average, more or less, according to guess.
RAMA, vernacularly, RAM, S. &c. (राम) A name given to
three of the ten avatārs, or #'arasurdma, Itaimachandra,
and Dalardma (the latter being substituted for his brother,
Krishna) ; the name by itself is, in current use, applied
especially to the second, the prince of -43/odhyd : in compo
sition it sometimes intimates excellence or Superiority, as
7tdma-, or ftdm-sdli, a superior kind of rice.
#dmaliki, wernacularly, Itamlil4, H. (रामलीला, from S
लीला, sport) A dramatic epitome of the adventures of
7tdma, performed publicly in the month of 48rcin ; in
some places, as at Benares, with great splendour.
7ttimanaram{, or fºdmmarami, H. (रामनवमी, S. नवमी, the
ninth lunation) The ninth day of the light halrof Chaitra,
the birth-day of Jºdma.
#indnat, Hindi (रामषत) An ascetic of the waishnava sect,
following the doctrines of Itdmdinand, and thence termed
also Itdm/inand{, who taught the especial worship of Raima
 1RAM
about the end of the l3th century : his followers are col
lected in maths or monasteries, and are very numerous in
the district of Benares and adjacent provinces.
Ram-b6m, Mar. (रामबाणः, from S. cdna, an arrow) An
engagement or promise that will certainly be kept (sure
as the arrow of Itdma),
Rambat4ं, H. (.stं,ं)) Division of the crop between the
landlord and tenant.
Ramdape, Gu2. (२.uभt९१) A pilfering Brahman.
Ramduh4{, H. (.४७bo-e)) An asseveration or oath by Rama.
Fºdm-rdm,H.&c. (A)) An exclamation proper tobe addressed
to a Waishnava ascetic : it is also used as an exclamation
of astonishment or aversion : among the Marathas it is
the usual interchange of salutation between the common
classes : in a note it answers to respects, compliments, &c.
Jºdmijamā, H. (L**), from S. खमा, beautiful, and जन, a
person) A dancing girl : it is applied also in Bengal,
under the corruption of Itam.johnng/, to a prostitute.
RAMAsl, Thug. The slang of the Thugs.
RAMIA, Gu2. (plur. २.uब{1२ºtu) IDeep wells reguiring large
buckets for drawing water.
RAMNAH, or RAMNA, H. (stº-9, ५-9) A park, a preserve
for game : used sometimes as the general name of grass
lands.
RAMosf, or RAMosi, incorrectly, RAMoosEE, Mar. (रामोशी,
or -खी) The name given to individuals of a low and semi
barbarous race, found chiefly in the Maratha country south
of Puna, who are thieves by profession and habit, but are
retained usually in the villages as watchmen ; they speak
a dialect of Maratha, in which they differ from the Bhils,
whom, in other respects, they resemble : they are not found
farther South than Kolapur.
RAMP, Gu2. (२.u०५) A plough used for clearing weeds and
stubble.
Ramapri, Gu2. (२.u०५{\) A plough, smaller than the former,
for hoeing, worked between the furrows when the grain
is ripe.
RAMPr, H. (.**!" ८sं')
Or A knife for Scraping and clean
ing skins and leather.
RAMZAN, H. (A. ७५4७) The ninth Mohammadan month,
during which eating, drinking, and any sensual gratifica
tion is interdicted between dawn and the appearance of the
stars : the communication of the Kuran is fabled to hawe
begun on the 27th of the month, thence termed Lailat
ul-kadr, or night of power, and prayers on that night
487
RAN
are sure to be complied with : prayers offered on the
I9th, 2lst, and 28d, are also supposed to possess peculiar
efficacy.
RAN, Mar. (प्ान) A wood or forest, a waste, wild or uncul
tivated land : also in compounds, wild, as,
Ranat, or Rainicat, Mar. (रानटः, रानवट) Sterile, unfit for
cultivation ः wild, growing spontaneously.
Tºdndemod, blunderingly, Jºdmdiud, Mar. (णानदेवा) A fee
formerly paid for leave to cut wood in the public forests.
Tºdmkela, Mar. A wild plantain, and the like.
Jºdmmdrjair, Mar. (S. माजेीार्, a cat) A wild cat.
Rannºd, Mar. (रानवा) Woody or waste ground, a tract left
to its spontaneous produce, especially in the wicinity of a
town or willage.
RANA, H. (Ul), राना, probably a corruption of Itaja) The
title of Hindu princes in Central India: it is borne espe
cially by the sovereign of Udayapur.
T84mं, H. (4) । S. Haijmā राज्ञी) A princess, the wife of a
Rāja.
RASp, also RASnA, H. &c. (G),'9, राण्ट, रण्डा), RANDE,
Karm. (&०ळै) A widow : in Maratha it is used con
temptuously : also, a woman, a slave-girl, a courtesan.
Bandgd, and Randchhandi,Mar. (एंडगा, रडिच्छंदी) Addicted
to women, libertine.
Randa golak, Mar. (ऐंडागोलक) A widow’s bastard ; also
Golaka, ५. v. : the name of a caste among the Marathas,
in which the parents are both of the Brahmanical order.
78andemaga, Karn. (ॐ०ॐox) A son of a widow, a term
of abuse.
RANi)A, Beng. (द्व ७) A man who dies childless : a barren
tree, barren.
Jºdndd, H. (l3G)) Barren, applied especially to unproduc
tive trees, as the male palm, &c.
Handhd, or Tºdndhd, Mar. (रईका, रोंडका) A widower.
Itaindmund, Mar. (रांडमुंड, from S. मुण्ड, shaven) A widow,
used contemptuously ः a strumpet, used as a term of abuse.
Tºdnd rdndelं, GuZ. (२u०ऽ२.t३४०{l) IDevoid ofornaments,
as in widowhood.
Raindicadd, or Itaindn'ald, Mar. (रांडवडा, रांडवला, from S
सावलिः, a row, a string) Pouring forth a torrent of abuse
upon a woman, calling ber by all sorts of opprobrious
names, as, whore, strumpet, trull, &c.
Hºdiadyd, Mar. (रांझा) ILibertine, addicted to women.
RANDHANIwA, H. (५ंxsAG)) A cook, a confectioner, a baker.
RANDI, H. (.sं9) A woman.
9 T
 RAN
Pandib42, H. ७५.sं)), or Handbaj, Mar. (पंडवाज) A | RANwArwA, (?) Mar. (रणवत्या) A grant of land made to a
wencher, a libertine.
Randibd:#.H.(.9५.339), IRandbdji,Mar.(रांडबाजी) Whore RAPAr, Hindi, &c. (रपट, Eng., report) An official statement
dom, fornication.
RANG, RUNG, H. &c. (S. ५4-*) । रंग) Colour, dye, from,
kind, sport, diversion.
Rangdi, or Itangndi, H. &c. (.४५9. ८.४}9, रांगहै, रर्गवाहै)
Price paid for dyeing, colouring, or the like.
Itangdri, Karn. (ॐ०7त्ळe) A dyer.
Itangi, H. &c. (*)) A dyer : chinta of which the colours
fly in washing.
Itangmahal, H. &c. (J~*ं)) An apartment fitted up for
festive meetings.
.Rangre2, H. (9ं',9) A dyer, a colourer, a painter.
Jtangrexi, H. (.999) IDyeing, colouring, painting.
RANGAR, Hindi (रांगड) A name borne by the Rajputs in
the south and west of Malwa, and in Mewar ः (according
to the Marathas the word is derived from ran, a wood,
and gari (गडी), a man, implying a semi-barbarian, or man
of the woods : the Rajputs derive it from ran (रण) war,
and garh (गढ), a fort, but in that case it should be Itai1
garh, not Rangar)ः in the north-west provinces the Itan
0ars are a class partly Hindu, partly Mohammadan, but
agreeing in disorderly and dishonest habits.
Ranjari, Hindi (रांगडी) The dialect of the Hindi spoken
along the south and west of Malwa, and in Mewar : its
limits are the Indus on the west, Bundelkhand on the east,
the Sātpura hills on the south, and Jaypur, Jodhpur, and
Jaisalmer on the north.-Malcolm, ' Central India,’ 2. 191.
The name is also applied by the Marathas to all the
Brahmans of Central India, except those of the south.
Ibid. l28. In Cuttack, Itdingri is the name of a low ser
vile caste.
RANGwA, Thug. A Sipahi, from his red coat.
RANKU, Tel. (ॐ०ऽंO) Adultery, formication.
RANKAR, less correctly, RAKAR, H. 9%), रांकड) Stony
ground, or Soil abounding with Kankar nodules.
RAo, H. &c. (), राव) A Hindu title for a chief or prince ः
(probably derived from Raja, through Rai)ः amongst the
Marathas it is given as a title to distinguished persons,
whether military or civil, and is assumed by a caste of
Stidras pretending to be descended from the primitive
kshatriya, or military caste.
Rao-krishak, Hindi (रावकृपक) The head man ofa village :
lit., the chief cultivator.
438
RAS
family whose progenitor has been killed in battle.
or report, but commonly applied to a motion or Petition
to a judge in court.
RApnrANIBHAvA, Uriya (6.घ६॥१०५1a,॥, from the P. raftan
७*9 । to go) An officer whose business it is to superintend
the despatch of Salt.
RARAIN, Thug. Noise of a pack of jackalls, a good omen
on the left at might, a bad one on the day of starting : on
the right it is bad any time between sunrise and sunset.
RARi, Hindi (राणरी) A coarse hard grass infesting poor soils.
RAS, H. (A. U~)) Head ः used technically in application to
cattle, as, Ek rdis gdo, one head of cows, i. e. a cow ; do
rds asp, two head of horses, i. e. two horses.
Itas-ul-m/il, A. (J५.JU~)) In Mohammadan law, Princi
pal, capital, fund or trading stock, the original price ofan
article (from Ras, the head, caput, or capital).
RAS, H. (U~')) Adoption, the ceremony of adoption ; ftas
bithand, or lema, to adopt a son, or, rather, to hold a meet
ing for the purpose of adopting a son.
T848-mishān, H. ७***C~!), from P. A. JA4-3, who sits)
An adopted son, because he sits in his adoptive father’s seat.
RAs, Mar. (रास , corrupt for Fºds: राशी) A heap, a pile.
See Itdsi.
R6smathdm, and Rasmathyds, Mar. (रासमायां, रासमाश्यास)
After harvest : after the gathering and piling of the grain.
RAS, H.(U~५), रस) Akind ofgrass that overspreads fallow fields.
RAS, H. (U~), रास) Corn after threshing, the grain separated
from the chaff
RAs, or RASH, (?) Beng. The name borne by an individual
when engaged in religious rites, it being the custom in
some parts of Bengal for an individual to have two names,
one his Eds name, as T4rama-charam, when he is engaged
in religious acts, and the other his Datk name, as Kesae
dds, on all other occasions.
RASA, vernacularly RAs, S. &c. (रास) A circular dance, per
formed by cowherds and by the worshippers of Krishna,
in imitation of one he is said to have danced with the
Gopts : a dramatic representation, of which the subject is
commonly taken from the stories of Itama and Krishna.
Itasayditrd, vernacularly, Itasjaitrd, S. (रासयाचा) A festival
held in K4rtika (Oct.-Nov.) in honour of Krishna, when
dancing and dramatic representations take place.
RASAD, H. &c. (P. cv9) A store of grain provided for, or
 RAS
sent to, an army : in Bengal and Hindustan the word was
early applied to a progressive increase of rewenue settle
ment-Reg. viii. l798, sec. 7] ; but it also denotes a
progressive diminution, and likewise implies the amount of
increase or deduction : in Maratha it denoted money paid
into the public treasury by the native collectors as the
amount of their collections.
Rasad-besh?, H. (L***ev9) An increase of revenue, a gra
dual increase in the amount of assessment.
Itasada, corruptly, Itussuddee, H. (.*9 , रसदी) Progres
sively increasing or decreasing', as the annual amount of
revenue : Mar. (रसदी) Held on payment into the public
treasury of a Sum supposed to be eduivalent to its rewenue,
a village, &c.
Jºasadi:jamd, H. (e*#-५*५)) A progressively increasing
or diminishing total of assessment.
RASA wo, Hindi (रशावो) Dressing a field, pulverising and
smoothing the soil, and leaving it exposed to the air some
, days before sowing.
RASHAD, A. (A-9) Rectitude, direction ः in law, the judicious
and discreet management of property.
Rashid, A. (A4-9) A director, a guide : in law, a person
competent to the management of affairs.
RASI, S. (राशि), so also Beng. (होंभि), Tel. (C`त्रै), and Mar.
(राशिा), but the latter has also RAS (रास), which is like
wise H. (L~)), corruptly, RASH, RAss. A heap, a pile, a
heap of grain, a heap of Salt, intending thereby a defi
nite measure in use at Bombay, and egual to 40 tons, or,
with allowances for waste in shipment, B5 tons : the esta
blished rates are I0ं Adholis = l Phar4, 100 Pharas= I
47aa, 16 4mas = l Hºds : in the Konkan the proportions
are somewhat differently reckomed,or 4 Nitrods = l Adholi,
24 Adh0lis = l Phard, 20 Phards = l Ama, I6 Amas
= I Eds : as the Witio6 = 83.558 cubic inches, or by
weight l.08lb. avoirdupois, the Ana = 6220.8 lb. and
the R(is to 44ं tons ः by another mode of reckoning, the
Ras is egual to only I0 tons.-Jervis on weights and
measures, 48.
Basi-adugu, Tel. (ठश्ळैe9&७X०, from e9ॐ७)KS, the bot
tom), also Talardsi, Karn. (6ंठग्ब्ळै) A small Guantity of
grain remaining after a heap has been measured, which
is given to the cultivators.
Akkārdsi, Karn. (eg९०ब्)) A heap of rice.
Bhagara-rdsi, Tel. (ंo-ex&ठष्8) A heap ofgrain before
it is winnowed mixed with dirt (blatgara).
839
RAS
JMdlurdsi, Tel. (द्भेऽe७ठश्ळै) A heap of winnowed grain
(from m6lu, good).
Ubhayardsi, Tel. (्रं,०७००ष्ठै) A heap of grain com
prising the shares of government and the cultivator (from
S. ublaya, both).
RASI, Mal. (o2०6l) Mixed soil consisting of sand and clay
(from S. Hºdsi, a heap, the guality of the soil being tested
by its again filling or being heaped in a pit or hole from
which it has been dug ः if light and poor it will not fill
it ; if heavy and solid it will more than fill it.
7a4xi-httr, Mal. (op०6lga०) Poor light soil, consisting of
loose sand chiefly.
Jºdsi-pasama-kār, Mal. (o2C/6la-l००2ंa०) Soil of an
edual or middling sort, a given Guantity of which will
exactly fill a pit or hole from which it has been dug on
being replaced in it. See Pasama.
RAsI, S. &c. (राशि) A sign of the Zodiac.
T8aisi-chakra, S. &c. (राशिचक्रं) The Zodiac.
RASf D, H. (A4-9a रसीद), RASIDU, Karn. (ॐ॰) The En
glish word ' receipt,' a receipt.
RASM, H. (A. •ं9) Custom, usage, law.
78asmā, H. (A. cs*“५७) Usual, customary.
fºasalm, or, more correctly, Itusitin, IBusoom, or TRoosoom,
corruptly, Itussoom, and ftushum, H. (A. /**५) । plur. of
“७), Mar. (रसूम), Tel. (GKoंOO) Fees, perguisites, cus
tomary payments and gratuities, commission or allowances
upon articles bought and sold made to the purchaser or
the servant or agent of the buyer or seller : in Kanara,
also, the allowances in a crop of grain falling to the vil
lage corporation. _
Jtusim-i-chaudharः, H. (_syoe9*-, a head man) Fees and
perguisites of the head man of a trade or of a willage.
Jºustim-ā-gathrं, H. (A,* a bundle) A fee levied under
the Mohammadan government on all bales and packages
passing through the custom-house of Murshedabad.
Itusitm-kamungoi, H. ७% ५. v.) A small fee on the
rewenue collections allowed to the Kanungo.
Jºusa1m-ā-kha2dma, H. (ं];*-, a treasury) Fees charged at
the public treasury on all receipts and payments.
Bust4m-ā-hha2ainchi, H. (L॰ज्ञ'*-; a treasurer) Fees or com
mission payable to a cashier or treasurer.
Rustim-i-nagdrat, H. (५-9५4) Fees payable formerly to
the Nagir or head officer in charge of remittances from the
collectorates to the treasury ; now, the fees payable to the
Nāgir of a court on serving a process.
 RAS
Rus४m-sa2dirali, H. (.}}}}॰) Charges formerly levied
in Bengal to defray, in the first instance, the expense of
Sa2dicals, or rewenue officers employed on special and tem
porary dnty, as collecting the arrears from defaulters, but
afterwards converted into a permanent charge upon the
rewenue-payers.
Rusitm-tihdi, H. (from the Hindi .s५ं, a third) A fine or
guit-rent levied formerly on rent-free lands in IBundelkhand,
supposed to be a third of the usual assessment.
7?usajm-2amimddr?, H. (from Alo---9, a landholder) The
fees or perguisites allowed to the Zamindār by the Mo
hammadan gowernment, or by a commission generally of
छ per cent. on the gross collections ; or it sometimes desig
nates his Malikdma, ५. v. ; also fees levied by a Zamindār
on his tenants, either on particular occasions, or as a fine
or Guit rent.
Fºust4mddr, H. (from )le, who has) The holder of certain
fees or perguisites.
RAsHTi, H. (_.5-9, रशती) An addition or bonus paid by
the cultivator over his rent for permission to take into
cultivation any waste or uncultivated land which he may
find on the estate, and of which there is no"claimant.
Puraniya.
RAssi, or RAsI, RUssEE, RUsEE, H. (O.*), रस्सी), Beng.
(झञी) A rope, a cord, a rope or line used in measuring,
usually about 80 cubits long.
RASTA, RASTA, H. &c. (P. Ad.५), U.) A road, a way.
F8astabamdt, H. (.seंश्9) Making or repairing roads.
RASTIJ, Hindi (प्ास्तिज) Provender furnished by the willagers
to troops passing through the country, and deducted from
their payments to the government or Zamindār.-Puraniya.
RASTIKANTA, Uriya (6.६,०s) Exact weighment (from P.
rdsti, correctness, and Beng. kdnta, a balance)
RAst L, H. (A. J;’9) A messenger, an ambassador : the
messenger (of God), Mohammad.
Rasal-namd, Itastil-shdhi, H. (from P. ५G, showing, or १५*,
a king) Classes of Mohammadan fakirs
RArAN, RArAx, RArA., RArr, Karn. (Cन्धं२, यवश्०,
णव्&3ं?, Co&$%, corruptions, probably, of Rahat) A
machine for raising water, a spinning-wheel, a round
about.
Raanadabar, Karn. (Cवथ्छ६२ ँश्छ२) A well from
which water is'raised by a machine.
RATH, (?) H. Separate nominal division of a coparcenary pro- ।
prietary ; commonly, a clan.- Kamaon.
440
RAT
RATH, or RUTH, corruptly RUT, S. &c. (रय) A chariot, a
a carriage : in common use applied to a cowered carriage
used chiefly by women ; also to the car in which idols
are conveyed.
Rathayatrd, or, vernacularly, Fathjatra, S. &c. (रययाचा)
The festival of the procession of Krishna as Jagannatha,
held in the second lunation of the moon's increase in
4aharh, July-August.
.78athahdra, S. &c. (यकार) A wheelwright, a coachmaker,
a man of a mixed caste sprung from a Mahishya father
'and Karan mother.
RATHoR, or RATHAUR, Hindi (राठीरं, राठौर) The name of
one of the principal Rājput tribes, the origin of which is
doubtful : they trace their descent from Ku8a, the son of
7tdma, and should conseguently be of the solar line, but
they are usually classed with the lunar families ः they are
found in considerable numbers in Hindustan, and, at the
time of the Mohammadan conguest, ftirnished sovereigns
to Kanoj : at present the Rāja of Māricdr or Jodhpur,
and most of his feudatory chiefs, belong to this tribe.
(Colonel Tod writes the name Rahtore, which is derived,
he says, from raht, the spine of Indra ; but the word is
usually written in the native characters as above : the same
authority specifies twenty-four Sakh८s, or branches, of the
tribe, which are,however,diferent clans of M4rrodr, sprung
from the Rājas Chomda, Itammal, and Joda, of whom
Severally three, twenty-three, and ten, are still extant: the
popular nomenclature of the subdivisions of the Rathors
is probably different in many respects from both).
RATf, commonly, RUTTEE, (A) रति, रती), S. (क्किा) The
seed of the Abrus precatorius, used as the basis of weights
for gold, Silver, and drugs : the seed varies, but from
various trials appears to average about lāths of a grain :
the artificial weight has been found to average nearly 9#
grains, being one-eighth of a mdsha, rated at l7.708
grains. As the mdisha in use, however, averages but about
15हैः grains, the eighth, or one Hºati, will weigh rather
less than 2 grains, or I.988. Jervis makes it 1.958.
The term is also applied sometimes, as in Midnapur, to
an estate or landed property.
RATIB, H. (A. ५-G) Daily allowance of food to labourers
or to animals, as elephants, camels, &c.
#tatiba, H. (A. *ं)) Salary, pay, allowance, pension.
784tibahhor, H. (9*--G)) A stipendiary, a pensioner.
। Itampatib, H. (A. ५--G'), plur. of R4tib) Necessaries of
 RAT
life, as clothes, food, and furmiture : in Mohammadan law,
salaries, allowances, &c.
RATIKATTU-BHU MI, Tel. (छंश-२) Stony ground
(from rdi, a stone), _
RATL, H. (A. Je9) RATAL, Mar. (रतल) A weight, variously
rated at I2 to I0 ounces, a pound : at Bombay the Itatal
is said to be edual to thirty-six Surat rupees : in the Red
Sea the IBottolo, as it is corruptly called, varies from I0
to 24 ounces avoirdupois.
RATTAM, Tel. (०ं०) A spinning-wheel.
RAUHI, Thug. A policeman, a constable, or Chauki-dair.
RAt KAR, Thug. A banker : guasi Saliukdr, ५. w.
RAi I, corruptly, ItAoUL, Mar. (राज्ळ) The name of a low
tribe said to be descendants from a branch of the Wogi
mendicants, makers of coarse strips of cloth and of tape.
RAUL, Thug. The clamorous cry of a number of jackalls,
always a good omen.
RAUT, Mar. (राज्ञत) A horse-soldier, Gu2. Tºdicat (२.u१०t)
A horse-keeper : a title borne by some families of dis
tinction in Katiwar who keep studs.
RAUZA, H. (A. 4-399) A mausoleum, a shrine, the tomb of some |
reputed saint at which prayers are recited and offerings
presented.
RAvANIO, GuZ. (२u०५७[lन्*u)
A willage watchman or guard.
RAvisU, RAw 6sU, Tel. (ॐ२,००, ॐळैKo) Customary fees
or per५uisites (from P. C*9)
RAwI, vernacularly, RABI, corruptly, RUBBEE, S. &c. (रवि,
रबि) The sun. _
-7taciudra, vernacularly, Itati-, or Itabincdr, or -bdr, S. &c.
(रविवार) Sunday. _ goods on which the duty has been paid.
nalikhanda, Beng. (तदिर्थ*ल) A crop ripened by the sun
without rain, a cold-weather crop.
RAwA, H. (P, ';9) Passing, going, allowable, lawful, cur
rent.
(P. ५9'e. having) Approbation, sanction.
78arcdd4?"i, H.
RAwAIAT, written also, REvAIET, H. (P. ५~～'99) A writ
ten legal opinion by a Mohammadan law officer, a treatise
on points of law, a dictum or opinion of the Dasturs or
priests of the Parsis, a marration, a history.
RAwAJ, H. (A. ट'99) RI wAJ, Mar. (रिवाज) Usage, custom,
currency : also customary, current.
#tinajjasti, Tel. (००्य' ंव्लं9., from P. ४०५);, more) | RAyA, Karn. (०००99), RAwADU, Tel, (Co०9ॐ०), RAyAs,
More than customary, more than the survey valuation.
/tamottj ul mulk, H. (A. ५-५"al9) Custom of the country,
usage, which, when clearly established, is held to be of
441
RAW
| force in the decision of law-suits, although contrary to the
written law.
Itampāj-ul-nalit, incorrectly, Ituyaj-ool-nujt, H. (A. ५-3,)
Current, customary, according to the time.
RAwAL, H. (J), रावल) A title borne by some Rajput
princes and chiefs : a tribe of Brahmans in Central India:
in Kandesh it is said to designate a tribe of Rajputs : in
Kamaon, the title of the head priest of the temple of Ba
darindith, who is invariably a Vambatri Brahman from
Malabar.
RAwALIWA, (?) A low caste of Hindus following the occu
pation of horse-keepers and weavers, and sometimes agri
culture ; they are said also to be mendicantsः perhaps the
same as the Maratht Itail.
RAwANA, corruptly,RowANAH, RowANNAH, H. &c. (P. ४dl} "
यवाना) A passport, a pass, a certificate from a collector
of customs authorising goods to pass without payment of
further duty.
Itapranagi,H.(AGl}9) Passing, proceeding, despatchingः; the
purport of a permit or pass, or authority to proceed. Mar.
(रवानगी) A gift to a visitor on sending him away ; a hint
to depart : also, export.
Ramodinaga-chithं, Mar. (रवानगीविठी) A pass, a passport,
a port clearance.
Itamcandpatti, Tel. (H. 8-श्ं) A passport, a per
mit, a port clearance.
-Mdjppuramodnd, Tam. (Larrt4-प्र6-rT७ष्ट्)) A pass or per
mit for goods to pass duty free (from the A. lfutifi)
JMaitturamodnd, Tam. (Larrट्टै्प्रeurrड्य्)) A pass for
Itamcdnd kahdr, H. 0५*७')) A low caste of Hindus, espe
cially from the province of Behar, where they pretend to
be descended from Jardsandha, king of IMagadha in the
Paurdnik times ; now best known as palankin-bearers:
also termed Itamrdina-behdrd, either from H. 9ahdj’, the
province, or Beng. (ढवंशोद्भl) a (palankin) bearer.
RAwAT, H. (?) The name of a tribe, considered to be the re
mains of the aborigines in Kamaon, leading a wandering
and unciwiliZed life in the forests on the eastern borders
of the district : it occurs also as the name of a caste in
| Gorakhpur
Tam. (DrrTu-dॐा) A king, a prince : Itdya, in Mysore, is
also used as an honorific affix to the name of a Brahman.
| Jºdyalu, incorrectly ftayel, the pl. of Itayada, or EMya
छै U
 _
RAW
only, was also the title of the Hindu sovereigns of Wija
gyanagar or Bijnagar, the last Hindu principality of im
portance in the south of India.
Riyabdrd,Ri/abhdra,orRdyabhariha,Karn.(णध०9थ्ग्छं,
ठळि०ऽCंऽाळॐ, व्ठाठ०ऽ७६ऽळeठं) Regal government or
authority. Raiyabdramu, Tel. Negociation, embassy.
#tdyabhditi, Karn. (ठग्व्०ऽ०छ्ऽब्83) The king's high way,
a principal road.
Itdyasam, Tam. &c. (DrrTLLeth) The business of a secre
tary, especially of a secretary of state (the word occurs in
all the dialects of the peninsula).
Rdyasaharan, or Edyasam, Tam. (DrrTLLePGerTDrॐा ,
DrrTu-dec्ठा) A Secretary, a secretary of state : also Mal.
R4yasaharan (fopooc/०८9xport).
Edyasadaca,Karn.(०००ॐ ँ3) A public or government
secretary.
#diyasamuctiru, corruptly, Itoysum, Tºoysam, Tel. (ठश्०ऽ७.
ॐ ँ99०ण“ं9) A writer, a clerk, a Secretary. _ in bonds and notes, &c., commonly in connexion with
RAwUT)U, Tel. (०ष०ऽooॐ७) A title adopted as a surname
by the Welma caste in the Northern Sarkārs.
RAZ, vermacularly, RAJ, H. &c. (P. J) । or ट!" राज) A
bricklayer.
RAZ, H. (P. 2)) A secret, a mystery.
R42ddr, H. (P. 9'9)) A confidant : in law, an accessary
after the fact, one cognisant of a criminal transaction and
not making it known.
Ita2ddr:, H. (P. -99)) Privity to any criminal act, know
ledge of it and not giving information.
R42ddrā-maijard, H. (from A. )*-५०, what had happened)
Cognisance of a criminal transaction, being accessory to a
CTIIne.
#dedtirt-bad-mājard, H. (from A.],-५०o-५, after the event)
Cognisance of a crime after perpetration, being accessory
after the fact.
Itd2ddrā-kabl-ā-mdjard, H. (from the A. )*-५Cं, before
the event) Cognisance of an intended crime, being acces
sory before the fact.
RAZAA, H. (A. 8५ॐ , from eं ? sucking, as an infant)
Fosterage, which, in Mohammadan law, constitutes a bond
of affinity between persons nursed by the same female,
analogous to consanguinity, so that whatever is illegal by
virtue of consanguinity is egually so by that of fosterage.
Ragid, H. (A. ं-3) A foster-brother.
RAZA, also vernacularly, RAJA, H. &c. (A. L3, रजो) Assent,
consent, permission, leave of absence, dissmisal from office.
442
REG
B4gi, also vernacularly, Itdji, H. &c. ( ५*)’ राज्ञी) Consent
ing, agreeing to, contented or satisfied with : also ftdji,
Tel. (C`a$) Consent, agreement.
Ragdmand, H. (P. AcaL39) Willing, consenting, assenting.
Ragdmandi, H. (P. .3Aca५2) Assent, acguiescence, being
willing.
Itd ं ?adma, H. (*--G_*)), in the dialects, Edji-ndmd,
Hindi, &c. (राजीनामा) A written assent, a deed of agree
ment or concurrence, a testimonial Signed by a plaintiff
at the end of a suit that he is satisfied with the decision :
a deed of compromise by which the plaintiffor prosecutor
acknowledges that he has been satisfied by the defendant,
or a written declaration that he will be satisfied with the
decision of a particular person or persons : the execution
of a Hagi mdma usually implies an amicable adjustment.
Tadjirajdicantine, Mar. (राजीरजावंतीने, from .3) and
.364-4U3)) With or by the permission or assent ofः used
Ahalhusharāme (अकलहुशरीने), with sound mind, with free
unextorted cOnSent.
will ; with full and unbiassed or
REBANDi, or RAIBANDi, (?) Hindi (रेबन्दी, or रैबन्दी) Mea
suring a crop by weighing the produce and allotting the
government portion.-(Mherwara).
REBARI, Gu2. (?) A shepherd, or a caste of shepherds, lead
ing a partially nomadic life, rearing camels, Sheep, and
goats, and subsisting chiefly by the sale of the milk and
wool, not of the animals themselves.
REDDI, commonly REDDw, incorrectly RHEDDw, Tel. (व्g)
The name of the principal caste of Telinga cultivators: a
chief farmer or cultivator, especially the head man of a
willage in the Telinga country, who is more properly desig
nated as the Pedda-reddi, the senior or great Reddi or
villager.
Iteddiselaga, Tel. (व्gन्७०x) Fees or perguisites enjoyed
by the head farmer or principal cultivator and head man
of a willage.
Reddicadu, plur. Hºeddicdru, vulgarly, Reddyrcar, and,
erromeously, Itheddysar, Tel. (व्g’णभ्&७) A head man
of a village, a principal or respectable farmer, a man of
the Iteddi caste.
REG, H. (P. e-ंa)) Sand.
Jt60ada, or It60adi, vulgarly, I:6jur, Tel. (ठेx&, ठेKa)
It60ati, Karn. (ठैex&3) Rich black loam or mould, a
soil in which cotton is usually planted, and thence com
monly termed cotton soil.
|
 REEI
RRII, H. (-49x रेह) Fossile alkali, impure carbonate of soda
used as soap, abounding in some soils, and rendering them
unproductive : even grass will not grow where it impreg
nates the soil.
Rehar, H. (Ag)) Barren (as land),
REk, Beng. (८ङ्गं) A measure of a s6r and a guarter ; also
a basket used to measure grain : in Sylhet, a land mea
sure, a sguare of three cubits, four of which are egual to
one Jet.
RERAN, Hindi (रेकान) Land beyond the reach of river-water.
-Puraniya.
REkHA, S. &e, (रेखा), also, vernacularly, REkH, H. &c. (. ं4) *
रेख), REGH, Mar. (रेघ), REKKE, and RBRHE, Karn. (टैं,
&ं) A line, a row, a furrow. IRrंKAI, Tam. (90GDrcयुeB)
Amount of assessment or tax.
REKHA, incorrectly, REKA, Karn. (S. ठैeaऽाळ), also termed
#dya-rdhhd, from Rdya, the title of the Wijayanagar rulers:
the fixed standard assessment of the lands of Karnata ac
cording to a survey measurement and classification of the
soils, and a register of the money rates of payment drawn
up by order of the government of Wijayanagar in the reign
of Krishma-rdya : the account was so arranged that the as
sessment of each spot of land was shewn on a separate line,
whence the term, Tº6khd, a line or row : this assessment
is also termed the Hºdya-rekh4-, or Tºekhā-mair, from Mdr,
a measure of land, ५. v.
Tiehhd.jhagliti, corruptly, Iteha-jurtee, Karm. (ठैaya&o
०9) An account prepared in Fasli I210 (A.D. 1802),
by order of Col. Munro, of the total of the land cultivated
in Kanara, shewing the assessment rated on each individual
in kind or money, the proportion due to government, and
the amount of rent-free land, omitting the waste : the ac
count was apparently made up from the record of Hyder’s
assessment, and not from inspection, nor was it brought
down to the time of the Company. । when speaking of their own authority.
Jtdja-rdhhd, Karn. The standard fathom of the Wijaya
nagar gowernment, edual to four cubits and a half
Ttdja-rekhi-bighd, Karn. A bighā, of which each side was
measured by the standard fathom, originally 90 haths or
cubits in length, but subseguently extended to I12 haths,
or about 181 feet.
4inu-rdhhd-sistu, commonly, Ain-reka-shist, Karn.(GOOO
ॐcठैeaऽव्ठै:ं) The total standard assessment or revenue.
REL, or RELA, H. &c. (U५), "9 । रेल, रेला) Flood, inunda
tion, a torrent, a stream.
443
RIH
RENT, Gu2. (२००t) A monopoly, a contract : lease or rent
of a house, field, &c. (no doubt in this sense the English
word).
RENTi, Karn. The common plough used in Karnata.
REs, Gu2.(२२५) The twenty-fifth part of an ana, or four
hundredths of a rupee.
RESHM, H. (P. ~*ं9} Silk.
#teshamarudlo, Gu2. (२थ। अt१u&तः।t) A dealer in silk, orsilk
thread.
RET, H. S. (e-५) * रेत) Sand.
Itetal, or Itetar, corruptly Rettar, H. (OGa9) Sand, sandy
soil, containing eight-tenths silex.
#*etl4, or tetli, or Itetil4-li, H. (L५),.A.) Sandy, soil
of a light description, containing a considerable proportion
of sand.
Tºetā, H. ५.*))
Sandy, Sandy soil, sands.
REUA, Beng. (टवज्रेयi) The name of a tribe who live by for
tune telling.-(Rangpur). .
REvण्, Tel. (Cं७) A ford, a beach : a division of salt-pans.
REZA, REZAGI, H. &c. (P. 98) , ५*9), vernacularly, REJA,
and REJAGi, (रेजा, रेजगी) A scrap, a fragment, a fractional
division of a coin, as a guarter or half rupee.
#te2agi, or, vernacularly, Itejki, Sindh. A tax on retail
dealers.
RiAwAT, corruptly, REvAwAT, H. (A. ५-*५9 । from ५.*9• ५?
rule) Protecting, favouring, doing kindness to, whence it
. is especially applied to a remission of revenue, or an abate
ment of the gowernment claim.
Itidyati, H. (A. ५.*५ध्र) A fawoured temant or cultivator,
one to whom remission or abatement has been granted.
7tidyati-beshā, H. (P. ५.*** , excess) Surplusages remitted
to the cultivator.
RIASAT, incorrectly, IRIwASAT, H. (A. ५~~~५) Government
rule, a term affected formerly by the opulent Zamindars
RIBA, or RIBBA, also RIBAH, or RIBAH, A. (५), ८ट्टे ’ ट-9)
Illegal excess in exchange between articles of a similar kind
which may be weighed or measured : this comprises in
terest on money, or increase of the Sum borrowed, which
is considered usurious and unlawful.
RICH, also RI K, or in composition, Rio, S. (ऋच्) Astan2a,
especially of the Weda : the first and principal Weda, the
J:ig-ceda.
RIHA, also RAHA, H. (P. ५S)) Released, set at liberty, free.
Fihdi, or, sometimes, Itahdi, H. (.sb;) Liberation, release.
 RI.J
RIJAT, H. (A. ५--~～-9) Restitution, return ः in Mohammadan
law, the receiving back of a divorced wife, and restoring
to her her legal rights according to the circumstances of
her repudiation.
RI KABI, H. (L•४) An inferior kind of rupee current at Luc
now, but not the regular coinage : (it was probably struck
on some emergency, whence its name from Tºikdb, a plate,
or a stirrup).
RIKAZ, A. (०49) Treasure or precious metals or coins dug
up from the ground, whether deposits found in mines, or
buौied treasures.-Mohammadan law.
RIEBA, also RAKBA, A. ('Ag)) Expecting : in Mohammadan
law, expectancy, as of a gift to take effect at the death of
a donor, or to rewert to him, or to be annulled, in fact,
on the death of the donee : such a gift is considered invalid.
RIRTHA, S. (रिक्य) Property, wealth.
Tºilathagrdhi, Itikthahdri, or Hºikthi, S. (from गृहं, or ड्,
to take) An heir, one who has a claim to, or Succeeds to,
property.
RINA, vernacularly RIN, S. &c. (चसृण) IDebt of any description.
Jºinddanam, S. (from चमादानं, taking) Recovery ofdebts by
process of law, ome of the titles ofjudicial procedure.
Jºinaddsa, S. (from दास, a slave) One who becomes a slave
to his creditor until his debt is paid.
Hºin{, and J?ināha, S. &c. (चसृणी, चतृणीक) A debtor.
RiNI,(?) H. A measure ofland, the same as a Bis;.-Kamaon.
RISALA, H. &c. (A. *!५७), REsALA, Beng. (८द्भरग्नiलl), RA
sALo, Gu2. (२२dtºft) A troop of horse.
Jºisaladdr, corruptly, Idissaldar, H. &c. (9le.J५9) A native
officer commanding a troop of irregular horse.
RISHI, or, as pronounced in the south, RUSHI, S. &c. (चसृषि)
Am inspired sage, the author or teacher of those works
which are considered sacred ः in ordinary use it is applied
to any Hindu ascetic of supposed superior sanctity. The
name of a low caste.-Malda.
RISHTA, H. (P. &ं9) Relationship, connexion.
Rishtaddr, H. (P. _,leं-9) A kinsman, a relation.
RisftwAT, also RASH wAr, H. (A. ५-9ं9) ‘A bribe.
Itishirat-lahor, H. 9x#-५“-99) One who takes bribes.
RITAp, Mar. (रिताड , from fरता, S. रिक्तः, empty) A body of
beasts of burthen, carts, or the like, returning empty : the
emptied pots on the descending side of a water-wheel.
RiTI, vernacularly RiT, S. &c. (रीfत) Custom, usage ः prac-
tice of a family, tribe, or community.
RITU, vernacularly RIT, S. &c. (ऋजु) A season, a period of
444
ROK
two months, dividing the year into the six seasons of Wa
santa, Spring, Ghrishma, hot weather,Warsha, rains, Sarat,
autumn, Ilemanta, cold, Sisira, dewy or foggy : also the
Season of women, whence it is applied among the Mara
thas to the time at which a girl, having attained maturity,
is conducted to the house of her husband ः any fit season,
as that at which the conductor of pilgrims to Gaya should
arrive at any town at which he proposes to collect them,
and which extends from the beginning of the Dasahara
festival to the full moon of JKdrtika, an interwal of 8-छ
days ; the privileges he may claim on this occasion he has
no right to at any other time of the year, which is thence
termed by him Kuritu, the bad (ku) season.
RIZk, H. (A. G9' Food, wealth, subsistence : allowance dif
ferent from pay, Subistence-money, a pension.
R0ं, RoALI, Beng. (८ङ्गशिः, ८ङ्गlआीनि) Planted, applied espe
cially to ground on which the young rice plants have been
planted, in opposition to that on which grain has been sown.
ROBIN, or ROBBIN, (?) A term used in Malabar for a mea
sure of grain : according to Mr, Graeme, it is the same as
the Worah : a different, but anonymous authority makes R,
it a fourth of a Khandi, or Cand/ ; in that case it may
be a barbarism for the Arabic Itabd, or 4rbd, four, a fourth.
RoGARA, Hindi (रोगार) Crops having a healthy appearance.
-Puraniya.
ROK, H. (५*29), Beng. (८द्रiदं), ROKKAM, or RoKKAw L,
Tel. (CTं_ंoo), ROKKA, or ROKHKHA, Karn. (3.3ं,
&.०३) Ready-money, cash, in contradistinction to goods : १॥
prompt or cash payment.
Rohad, or Hºokar, H. 9%), Mar. (रोकड) Money, cash,
specie, jewels, or valuables readily convertible into coin.
Beng. (८द्भोदश्ज).
Jºokada, Tel. (C`*८ऽप्) A purse, a bag of money.
Jºokadyd, Mar. (रोकडमा) A person employed by bankers to
carry money from one place to another.
Jºokariya, H. (५)*;), Beng. (८द्भीरुजिष) A cash-keeper, a
treasurer.
Folarbahi, H. (._ं;%;) A cash-book.
Jºokadayam, incorrectly, Fºokhadayam, Tam. (GDrrTे ३
(PBrT यूठTu-da, from S. अादाय, taking) Ready money, col
lections from other Sources than land, as timber, orchards,
fisheries, baZār fees, and the like, Some of which are now
- abolished : although used in some of the Tamil districts
in this and similar compounds, Itoka does not seem to be
a Tamil word ः it is borrowed from Telugu or Marathi.
 ROK
Rokhakusagai, Tam. (GDrrrळैeे5ठै**०ठxeE) Ready
money, cash.
Rokkamdniyam, Tam. (GDrrTकैeBuorTCoflu-Jub) Agrant or
allowance of ready-money.
Rokh, Mar. (रोख) Consisting of money or cash (property),
ready, prompt (as payment).
Rokhd, Mar. (रोखा) A written acknowledgment for money
borrowed ः an order from the state issued to an indiwidual,
to a village or district, to make a Specified payment, or
furnish certain certain supplies.
Rokhdrokh{, Mar. (रोखारोखी) Ready-money transactions,
trade or business carried on on the principle of receiving
and paying ready-money t also doing any thing smartly,
promptly.
JPohhi, Mar. (रोखी) Ready-money dealing ः also cash, or
coins as an article of traffic.
Rokhthoh, Mar. (रोखठोक) Prompt (as payment), told down
at once (money).
Rokhuikrं, Mar. (रोखविक्री) Ready-money-sale, either sell
ing for cash, or receiving prompt payment.
RoLLDAR, H. 9le.J), from English roll and P.)le) One
who is entered on the collector’s roll or record as pro
prietor.
RoP, Mar. (S. रोप) A young stem, plant, or tree, intended
for transplanting.
Ropar, Hindi (रोपणं) Transplanted rice : a rate in a lease
for crops of rice raised by transplanting.
RoRA, RORf, H.9}/ •ं;) The name of a caste of shop
keepers and traders in the north-west provinces pretending
to be kshatriyas and commonly using the designation of
.Kshatri, or Rora-khatri, or Khatri-rora.
RoRA, H. 09y) A fragment, a piece of broken brick, such as is
used in making the roofs ofhouses or Macadamising roads.
RosAL, or RoSAI.f, or R0SLi, less correctly, RAUSLI, or
ROUSLEE, H. (O~9a ७“9 । रोसल, रोसली) Light soil
of a good guality though mixed with a considerable portion
of sand : sometimes considered little inferior to the first
quality, or dakar, and assessed at the same rate.
RosHNAt, H. (.39-39, from P. ७*9, light) Lighting, il
lumination ; the lamps kept burning at a Mohammadan
shrine or tomb. “ a turn), Hindi (रोजमणा), Itojmard, -mdrd, or -mard, Mar.
Roshama-chauk{, H. ५.**७*9) * lit., light-station) A band
of musicak instruments playing at the residence of the chief
Mohammadan authority, or, with his permission only, at
the houses of opulent individuals.
44छ
R0Z
R0T, (?) H. Grant of land on the field of battle for military
exploits.-Kamaon.
RoUND-GASHTf, or, vernacularly, -GASTi, H. &c. (L****ं;।/ *
from English round, and P. gashti, passing) Patroling,
going the rounds.
R0Z, H. &c. (P. }})), in the Hindu dialects, RoJ, (रोज), RoJA,
or RoDZU, Tel. (CTee) A day.
Roj,Mar.(रोज) Dailyhire or wages, daily pay ofa messenger
ofgovernment, or of a creditor sent to lewy arrears, or a debt.
Itos-ddalat, H. (A. ५-Jloe, day of justice) A court for
merly held by the Nagim of Bengal every Sunday, for the
administration of criminal justice.
J802dma, H. (ं];) IDaily wages or allowance.
JPojbandi, IBeng. (८द्भञ्जिदन्मी) A daily register or diary.
Jt02-, or Itojgdr, H. &c. 999. रोजगार) Fortune, the
source of subsistence : service or employment as a means
of subsistence.
Jtocः, H. &c. (.४99 * रोजी) Daily food or subsistence : daily
allowance or expenses, hire or wages for a day, &c. Karn.
(&०eaं) Work.
Jºo2ina, Pojind, H. &c. (*५;),रोजीना, or रोजिना), Itojind,
Tel. (CTa3त्ऽ') what is allowed or granted as a daily main
tenance, a daily pension, a daily allowance to poor or re
ligious persons t a deduction formerly allowed in Bengal
to the Zamindārs to cover the expense of daily charitable
allowances: pensions assigned by gowernment in l78l to
various persons in the province of Benares. Ben. Reg.
xxxiv. 1795 : xxii. 1806.
Itoxima-, or Hºgjima-ddr, corruptly, J:02enddr, H. &c. (P.
_,le, who holds) One receiving a daily allowance or pen
sion: pl.Jtosinaddrdm, incorrectly, Ito2inddram, lit., holders
of pensions, applied to the deduction formerly made in the
rewenue lewied from Zamindārs in consideration of their
being burthened with pensions to poor or religious persons.
Rajkārd, or Rajkharda, Mar. (रोजकीदॆ , रोजखण्डा) Daily
account ofreceipts and disbursements, a rough diary or day
book ः one of the accounts formerly kept by the willage ac
countant of money daily received from the Ryots and paid
to the government officers.
Hºocmarra, incorrectly, Ito2emera, H. (999), from A. 9-०,
(ग्रीजमरा -मारा-मुरा), E0jumarrd, Tel. (ठम्ee” ँo७ध्/)
Daily proceedings, an account of them, a diary, a journal,
a day-book: also, pay, wages, daily pay or allowances.
Itojmel, Gu८. (२u०४ *tet) A cash-book.
छ *
 RO2
Ito2ndma, or ndmcha, Rajndmd, H. &c. (*०99) ***99) ,
रोजनामा), Rajundma, Tel. (C89*त्ऽत्रंx9 “) A daily
account-book, a diary, a journal.
Ro2ndmahhdl4, H. (}५%A.०७'9xU) A ledger, am account made
up from the daily accounts.
7tdju, Karn. (GJeeae) A daily account-book.
7tdjugdir, Karm. (&/०eae*7ळि6) A Servant, a workman.
RoZA, H. (99) A fast, fasting, especially the fast observed
in the month Itam2dm.
Jto2addr, H. 9le9;) One who observes a fast, one who
keeps Ram2am.
RU, Roo, H. (P. ७)) The face.
_ Jºuं-ba-hdj', H. 99;), from ru, with, bah, to, or towards, and
ktir, business, lit., turning the face to the affair) Engaged
iny intent on, proceeding with, before the constituted au
thorities, as in a.court of.justice : plur. Hºubakdrat, causes
or matters brought into court.
7tttbalidri, corruptly, IBoobicaree, H. (P. (.*ं)9) The writ
ten record of a case, stating the particulars and the grounds
of the decision drawn up and authenticated by the judge
in a Company's court, on passing sentence.
##-ba-rai, H. (P. %A)) Face to face, in presence.
/* {-ddd, or Italidad, corruptly, Fºoedad, Roidad, H. (ele,।/ १
elecs;), from P. ele, giving) Narrative or record of pro
ceedings, statement of facts or occurrences ः report of a
Subordinate officer deputed to inguire into any affairः return
to an official inguiry.
7tiiposh, H. (Uं9:9 , from P. ७.A.५*9:, to conceal) One who
is in hiding, a person who has absconded.
Jºujposhi, H. ५.*x9) Hiding, absconding.
RUA, (?) Karn. A small copper coin, three egual to a Paisa.
-Mysore.
RUARAN, Thug. Any call of the jackall.
RUBA, H. (A. eं)) A fourth part ; the fourth part of the gross
produce of the lands declared by Akbar to be the propor
tion due by the people as the right of the state ; this was
commuted for a money payment.
RUDIRoDGARi, S. &c. (रूदिरोहाररी) The 57th year of the cycle.
RUDRA, S. &c. (रूद्र) One of the names of Siva.
Itaudra, S. &c. (रीद्र) Relating to Tºudra. 7taudri, the
54th year of the cycle.
Rtji, H. (५-39) Cotton, carded cotton.
RUJUA, corruptly, RUJoo, H. (A. 8*9) Returm, recourse,
appeal, reference : bringing into court, as a suit ः counter
part statement or engagement.
446
RUP
Jºujud-min-as-slia hddat.A(e-०५*~'७०8;f9) Retractation
of evidence, which is allowed by the Mohammadan law
under certain restrictions, as before sentence ; or, if after,
the witnesses are liable to make good any injury done to
the party against whom a cause has been decided.
RUJU,Mar. (रूजू) Ready, willing, accepted, approved, admittedः
present, made or become present. R.U.JU, Tel., Karn. (ॐ०ee)
Prowed, established : also subst. proof conviction, a signa
ture : (there can be little doubt that these words are of A.
derivation, but there is an evident vernacular confounding
of two radicals, raja eदः) । returning, or turning to, and
*) । consenting, assenting to)
?’d:ंu।
Jºujitgudasta, Mar. (रूजूगुदस्त, from P. *3-8;) Approwed
and passed in the past year (an account),
Itujitmuktibald, or -mokabald, Mar. (रूजूमुकाबला -मोकाबला)
Confronting or bringing together in order to investigate
or compare, &c.
Jttgjitodta, Mar. (रूजूवात) The state of being copfronted,
compared, or collated, &c. (either with respect to persons,
articles, documents, or the like),
Jºujucddahama, Karn. (ॐcee*व्व्ॐ०६०) Current coin.
Tºujugu, Tel. (ं७eछे'ं७j) Proof, conviction : also adj., proved,
established.
RU KA, Tel. (ंऽ-७s) Money in general, a.fanam, whether of
gold or Silver.
RUKA, incorrectly, Rook KA, Mar. (रूका) The twelfth part of
an and : a measure of land, varying in different places from
2ं to 10 Uijhdis.
RUkAA, H. (*ं)), R6KA, RGKHA, barbarously, RooGEF,
Karn. (डै५० ॐ/०९aऽ०)
* A letter, a mote, a draft, a bill.
RUKH8AT, H. (A. ५--~*9) Permission to withdraw or de
part, leave of absence.
RUKN, H. (A. ७%) A pillar, a prop : but in common use,
figuratively, to form titles of Mohammadan nobles, as,
Idukm-ud-daula, Itulin-us-8ultanat, the pillar or prop of
the state, &c.
Jºuhn-as-sarikat, A. (ं9“U~'७*?) The prop of stealing,
i e. secresy in carrying off property, which, in Moham
madan law, is essential to constitute an offence of larceny.
RUKUA, H. (A. ँ;9) The proper attitude of prayer, stooping
forwards and resting the hands on the knees.
| Ru LLA, or RULL, Hindi (रूञ्ज्ञ) Land that reguires to be left
fallow for a year or two to recover its vigour.
। Rtj PANIyA, Thug. The cry of the hare at might on the left,
।
"
a good omen.
।
|
"
 RUP
RUPAREL, Thug. The water wag-tail, as an omen.
RUPiwA, commonly, RUPEE, H. (ं99, from S. रूप्य, ripya,
silver) A silver coin, the general denomination of the silver
currency of India, and the standard measure of value : the
coin was first struck by Shir Shah, and was adopted by
Akbar and his successors: it was of the weight of I75grains
troy, and was considered to be pure, but in the decline
of the Mohammadan empire every petty chief coined his
own rupee, warying in weight and value, though usually
bearing the name and titles of the reigning emperor : this
practice was observed to the last, and in the reign of Shah
Aalama a great variety of currencies bore his name, and the
years of his succession, until l779, when they were sup
pressed in the territories Subject tothe Company, and a rupee
was struck, entitled the Sicga rupee, with the following in
scription on it,A e; ॐ. ४' c)-4ं *४५५ AAs*ox9 ७~~
*५१०५ Ae s५-2* ५-*, ##ni din--Mohajned,
sdya.fagl Allah, sikka 2ad bar hgft kishmcar Shdh Adilain
Padshdh. 'The king Shah Aalam, the defender of the faith
of Mohammad, the shadow of the grace of God, has struck
this coin, to be current through the seven climes. Rev.
।१ U~*५० ५-***२ U~*- *५“ e५9ि9० ५-29-3, struck
at Murshidabad in the I9th year of the auspicious acces
sion. The unvarying date, the l9th year of the reign, re
mained unaltered, in order to put a stop to a practice which
the money-changers had introduced oflevying an arbitrary
rate of discount on rupees of previous dates, without re
ference to any actual diminution of weight by wear ; in
like manner the place of coinage remained always nomi
nally the same, or the mint at Murshidabad, that of the
Nawab of Bengal, although the rupees were coined also
at Dacca, and finally only at Calcutta, for the same reason,
to guard against the depreciation of the money-changers,
according to the difference of place of coinage. Although
the actual medium of exchange, the Company's accounts,
were for a long time kept in a different valuation, or that
of the Chalami, or current rupee, the origin of which is
somewhat obscure, although it probably expressed the state
of the currency at the time of its adoption, I00 Sicca
rupees, supposed to be of the standard weight and value,
being reckoned as eguivalent to II0 current rupees. The
Sicca rupee served also as the unit of weight, 80 Sicca
weight being edual to one Sār, and 40 Sārs to one lfan
or TMaund. Beside the Sicca rupee there were current
under the Bengal Presidency two other coins, the Benares
447
RUP
and Farakhabad rupee, from their being coined at those
cities respectively : the Benares rupee ceased to be struck
in 1819. At Madras the rupee of the Nawabs of the Car
natic, struck originally at Arcot, was the currency of the
Company, and retained its name although coined at Madras
or at Dacca and Calcutta, being current also in Chittagong
and Dacca, between which places and the Northern Sar
kārs an active traffic subsisted : its value underwent some
slight modification in l818. At Bombay the rupee of the
Nawabs of Surat became the Company's coinage, and for
a while it was coined concurrently with that of the Nawab ;
but irregularities occurring in the latter, the coimage in
I800 was restricted to Bombay, and the value of the coin
was fixed, which was slightly modified in 182:). The entire
inscription on the Arcot rupee was, on one face c3-)',५.० ॐ~
*le A~ । ७:A" jः}= ॰9५ः ४५*e५, the auspicious
coin of the heroic monarch AZi2-ud-din Mohammad Aalam
Aalam), and on the other --2,4
gir (the father of Shah
U~*५ ५-***० U~*ी- r• &ं… ५**४), struck at Arcot in
the 20th year of the auspicious accession : that of the Bom
bay rupee was latterly on one face, "e *५* ५*४,५-० ~
। rº I c ५.9'* ४५*e५, the auspicious coin of the heroic monarch
Shah Aalam (Hij) l21ं, on the other, * & ५ ५-9~ --9-3
U~*० ५-~***० U*त- ; struck at Surat in the 4छेth year
of his fortunate accession ; but these coins, as long as they
were coined on the native plan, in common with the coins
of all native mints, bear but a portion of their legends, it
being the practice of the native mints in all cases to fabri
cate the die of twice or thrice the diameter of the coin, in
striking which,conseguently, only such portion of the letters
asits surface could contain were impressed upon it: as, also,
it was entirely accidental with which part of the die the
blank coin came into contact, the portion of the legend
which it received varied with every piece. In l818 the
standard of the Sicca and Farakhabad rupees was altered,
but their intrinsic value was unaffected, as they continued
to have the same amount of fine silver. In l824 a slight
change of the latter was made, and of the former in I893;
but in l88ं the coinage of the Company was entirely re
modelled, and a coim, thenceforth termed the Company's
rupee, with its proportionate subdivisions, was struck, to take
the place of all the former Presidency currencies, being of
the same weight and fineness throughout, and bearing in
scriptions in English, or, on one face, the head and name
of the reigning sowereign of Great Britain, and, on the re
 RUP SAB

verse, the designation of the coin in English and Persian, SABHE, Karn. (ंॐं) An assembly, an assemblage of
with the words East-India Company in English. The weight; persons of rank or respectability, or the place in which
intrinsic purity, and walue in shillings of the present British they assemble, as a hall of audience, a court of.justice ;
currency of these several coins are as follows ः । also, a gaming-room or assembly.
PWeight. Pure contents. s. d. B4ja-sabha, S. (राजसभा) A royal court, the chief court of
Sicca rupee, 1778, Tr. grs. 179.666 . I75.928=2 2 justice, at which the king or his representative presided :
Ditto, 1818, ., 191.016 . 175.928 =2 2
other courts under the ancient Hindu system were the
IDitto, 1823, ,, 192.000 . 176,000 =2 2
4ranya-sabhd, (from aranya, a forest) A court for deciding
Benares, I806, , I74.760 . I67.000=2 0# disputes among foresters and hermits.
Farakhabad, I808, , I78.000 . 165.2l5=2 0 ।। Sdrthiha-8abhd, (from sdrtha, a company) A court for dis
Ditto, 1819, , 180.284 . 165.2l5=2 0ग्रैः
putes amongst travellers or k4filas.
Ditto, 1824, , 180,000 . 165,000=2 0 । Sainika-sabhd, (from send, an army) A court-martial.
। Madras, .. 170.400 . 166480=2 0# Grdm4pyubhayacds1-8abhd, (from grdma, a village, api,
Ditto, 1818, , 180,000 . 165.000 =2 0 । conjunction, ubhaya, both, and odsf, a dweller) A court
Bombay, 1800, , 170000 . 104.680=2 0द्वै for deciding boundary disputes.
Ditto, 1829, , I80,000 . I65.000 =2 0ट्टै Ubhayanumata-sabhd, (from ubhaya, both, and anumata,
Company's, I885, , I80,000 . 165,000=2 0 । assented to) A court of arbitration elected by both the con
As, however, silver is subject in the London mint to a tending parties.
seigniorage of nearly 6 per cent., the London mint produce Grdma-sabhd, (from grdma) A willage court composed of
of the Company's rupee, ifof full weight and standard walue the principal inhabitants, with the head man presiding.
(ll dwts. fine) should be ls. IId.
JPaura-sabhd, (from pura, a city) A court composed of
7tupiya-daskauri, Beng. (बू*ीपानमंशखि) A cess So de citiZens, a common-council court.
nominated, or an impost of ten kauris per rupee in ad Gana-sabhd, (from gana, a number) An assemblage of
dition to the original assessment levied in Jessore previous families, tribes, or priests.
to the perpetual settlement. Srent-sabh4, १remi, a corporation) A court of artisans and
RUPLA, (?) A tribe of slaves in Coorg so called. traders.
Rt vr, Karn. (ंण”ं७) A coin of the value of five hds.
Chaturcidya-sabhd, (from chatur, four, and oidyd, know
ledge) A court of learmed men versed in the four redas,
S.
or in the four Sciences of law, ethics, logic, and religion.
SAA, A. (8-०) A measure of grain about seven or eight pounds. Waraja-sabhd, (from carga, a tribe) A court composed of
SAAT, H. (A. ५-e५) A moment, an hour. different classes of people.
SABA KHIA, (?) The name of a class ofgang robbers in Orissa. JKula-sabhd, (from kula, a family) A court of the members
SABALfA, GuZ. (*tuvt&{\२५ u) The name of a low caste, or a of a family.
man belonging to it, usually employed in tending cattle. JKulika-sabh(t, (from kula, as before) A court of the elders
SABARAsf JARfB, Uriya (वGl6शंीa3०) Measurement of all of the same lineage as the litigants.
lands of whatever description (probably sabd, for sarga, all, -Wiyukta-sabhd, (from miyukta, appointed) A court held by
rdsi, a heap, and.jarib, measurement). a judge distinct from the king's court.
%ABAT,orSABT, H.(A. ५-५G,५-~ं) Firmness,stability, proof. -Wripati-8ablid, (from mripati, a king) A king's court held
Sibit. H. (A. ५-'G) Firm, proved, substantiated. informally in the presence of a king, but without that of
`Sabit, H. &c. (A. ५-%AG), Sabid, Beng. (*ीवृंख्), Saba, or of the judges.
Sabud, Mar. (शाबूद), Sabuta, Uriya (;॥g६) Proof, ewi Another enumeration makes the public courts but fourः
dence, conviction. Jºdia-sabhd, the king's court, Pitga-sabhd, an assembly of
SABAT-BHAf, Uriya (ंl|१६८.२) A half-brother. persons inhabiting the same place, but of different tribes and
Sabat-bhaini, Uriya (ंll०६)०.9Gl1) A half-sister. professions ; Sren{-sahhd, a corporate court, one formed by
SABHA, S., used in all the dialects, sometimes modified, (सभा) | persons of the samebusiness, and Kala-sabhd,a familycourt.
448
 SAB
Appeals might be made from either of these in succession,
but before it reached the king's court a Wiyukta-sabhd,
or Special court, was appointed to pass a judgment.
Sabhdःkrayasdsanam, S. (सभाक्रायशासनं) A deed of corporate
sale, in which the Mirasidārs of a village divest one of
their number, who may be a defaulter, of his share, and
divide it amongst themselves, hawing been made respon
sible for the revenue due.
Sabhandyah, or Sabhdjpati, S. &c. (from नायकः, a leader,
or पति, a master) The president of an assembly, the master
of the ceremonies, the keeper of a gaming-house.
Sabhdsad, S. &c. (सभासद) One who is present at an as
sembly, a member: an assessor in a court ofjustice: amongst
the Marathas, a public officer whose duty it was to keep
a register of petty suits, and report them to the Mdmlatddr.
Sabhiha, S. &c. (सभिक:) One who presides at an assembly,
the keeper of a gaming-house or tables.
Sablya, S. &c. (सभ्य:) Any member of an assembly : a mem
ber of a court ofjustice, as the Pradgicdika, or chiefjudge,
and the JDharmddhyaksha, the expounder of the law, or
a Brahman so gualified, and the Sabhdsadas, properly
So termed, or assessors, who may be three, five, or Seven,
in number, a kind of jury ; the Purohita, the king's family
priest ; a Lekhaha, a writer or scribe ; Sddhā/apdla, the
bailiff or officer appointed to enforce the decree ; the Sica
purusha, a messenger or officer who called the parties into
court ; and the Aniyuktah, unappointed persons, Spectators
and assistants ः under the Maratha government the term
was applied to an officer who kept a register of petty suits,
and reported them to the Mimlatddr.
Sabh(itdmbalam, S,but used especially in Karnata,(eश्
39०००UT9०) Betel distributed at a public assembly.
SABI, plur. SIBIAN, H. (Ac*~ , ७५*~) A youth, a minor.
SABIK, H. (A. J:५०) Former, prior, past, as time : an old
established rate of assessment.
S4bikdn, H. (A. ७७.५) Formerly, as formerly, agreeably
to former or past practice.
SABfL, H. (A. c).५.) A road ः water or other drinks dis
tributed along the streets or roads to the people at the fes
tival of the Moharram : sheds in which such li५uids are
placed for distribution.
SABNis, SUBNEEs, Mar. (सबनीश. from sab, for subah, or ।
perhaps the H. sab, all, and the P. margis, a writer) A
public officer whose duty it was to pay the local militia
and garrisons of forts, or the public servants of an esta
449
SAD
blishment or district, and keep the records ः he was one
of the eight subordinate officers of districts or departments :
the clerk or registrar, also styled Daftarddr.
SABUs, corruptly, SEBoos, H. (P. U~9५५) Bran.
SABZf, vernacularly, SABJf, SUBZEE, or SU BJ EE, H. &c. (P.
५.9*“ ॥ सबजी, from *“ , green) Greenness ः vegetables,
greens t the larger leaves and capsules of the hemp plant
(Cannabis sativa), and more especially an intoxicating be
verage prepared by washing them, afterwards drying and
reducing them to powder with black pepper, cardamoms,
and sometimes poppy, cucumber, and melon seeds and
Sugar, and then infusing the mixture either in milk and
water, or cold water alone.
Sab2ā-mahdl.H.( Jes*.9*५५) Ataxon thesellersof vegetables:
the sale of the hempmixture was also an item of the Abhairi.
Seo-saliji, Mar. (शेवसबजी) Tax in kind on vegetables, levied
on those brought to market.
SACH, or SACH KAR, Mar. (सच, सचकार) Earnest-money.
SACHAk, H. (G*-५०) A ceremonial at a marriage, sending
the paraphernalia of the bride to her husband’s house, also
the day on which this is done.
SACHIvA, vernacularly,SACHI0,or SACHIU, corruptly,SUCHEo,
and SUCHEw, S. (सचिव) A minister, a councillor : among
the Marathas, one of the eight Pradhdms, or chief officers of
state,originally designated Sarnis,thegeneral record-keeperः
he was also styled Pamt-sachio.
SAD, H. (o५०) The Arabic letter Ux० :, the initial of the title
of Sabahddr, affixed by him as a cypher to Zamindarf
grants as their authentication. _
SAD, H. (P. A.८) A hundred.
$ad-mrdr, plur. Sadicdridn, corruptly, Sadicarain, Sadica
niam, Sednuarrain, H. 9be-०, ७५9';*~) An aggregate, or
a company of a hundred : an item, individual, or indivi
duals of a century : in the Northern Sarkārs, pikemen, so
named from being formed in companies of a hundred, and
formerly employed by the Desmakhs in rewenue affairs.
SADA, Hindi (सद) A foreigner, a respectable man.
SADA, S. &c. (सदा) Always, perpetual.
Sadachdra, S. &c. (सदाचार) Fixed and perpetual obser
vance, the daily and regular practices of the Hindus.
Saddicartt, or Sadaicart, corruptly, Sadabirt, Hindi, &c.
(सदावन्तः, from S. व्रतं, a vow, or वृत्रिं, maintemance) Dis
tribution of provisions daily to passers by, mendicants, and
paupers : in Kamaon, a grant of land to provide for the
distribution of food at certain fixed spots to pilgrims.
छ w
 SAID
SADA, or SARA, Hindi (सडो) Rotten, as the surface of land
long under water and cowered with smooth decaying vege
tation.-Puraniya.
SADA, Uriya (१॥६)l) Unstamped (perhaps from Beng. (भीप्त)
white, blank).
SADAIKAL, Tam. (eºco०-फैearT60) Land of an abandoned
betel-garden.
SADANGA, SARANGA, incorrectly, SARINGA, Beng. (*७**il)
A canoe, a small flat-bottomed boat.
SADARo, Gu2. (२{९२u) A shirt worn by the Parsis, the as
।sumption of which is part of the ceremony of their ad
mission to the faith.
SADARU, pl. Karn. (त्येवं9) A class of Sidra farmers.
SADD, H. (A. 5.) Hindrance, obstruction.
Sadd-i-ddict, H. (A. .syeeA.) Bar to a claim.
Sadd-i.jam’db, H. (A.५--';#-५०) Reply to a reply, rejoinder:
(more usually Rad-4.jarcab, but this form is allowable),
SADDE, Karn. (ं) A sowing machine with only one aper
ture, used by the hand.
SADE, or SARE, Mar. (साडे) Certain ceremonies about the
fourth day after marriage, when, after worshipping various SADHAwA, S. &c. (सधवi) A married woman, one whose hus
objects, presents of clothes are made to the married couple,
and the bride is given over to her husband’s relations. | SADHowA,(?)H. Stipulation ordeed for payment ofa balancedue.
SADHANA, vernacularly SADHAN, S. &c. (साधनं), SADANAM, SADfA, Uriya (ंl६थl) Cultivable (as land),
Tam. (errgया th) Accomplishing, eflecting, the means of
accomplishment, instrument, materials: in law, also, execu
tion, enforcing the delivery of a thing, inflicting and lewy
ing a fine ; also, proving, substantiating ; also means of
, proof a voucher, a document, a deed, a bond: also, in Tam.,
a willage exempt from taxation, a royal grant or patent, the
same as Sttsamam.
Sadhami, Mar. (S. साधनी) Means of effecting, or accom
plishment, means of proof a document, a bond, or the like.
Sadhampatra, Mar. (S. साधनपच) A document, a written
woucher, or means of establishing any thing, a written
decree or decision.
Saidama-marं, Tam. (erTकृ०ण७०pl) A promise or voucher
in writing.
Stidana-patrikai, Tam. (GrT कृ०ण-' ँठी Dflcope) A bond,
a deed, a will.
Sidandntaram, Tam (Grrg6ष्DंठDria) An additional
document or woucher, a fresh or additional count in an
indictment.
Sadhanstiri, incorrectly, Sadansarce, Beng. (S. जीर्थ*जीनी)
The details of the rent-roll of a Zamindārf.-Sylhet.
470
SAD
Sadhya, S. &c. (साध्य) The thing or object that is to be,
or may be, accomplished : in law, the matter to be proved
or Substantiated.
Sadhyapaila, S.(साध्यपाल:) The officer who executes a decree.
Sadlyasiddhi, S. (साध्यसिद्धि:) The accomplishment of what
was to be done : the determination of the merits of a suit.
Sadhyasiddhipdda, S. (साध्यसिड़िपाद:) The decision, the
judgment in a suit at law.
SADHARANA, S. &c. (साधारण) That which is common, as a
common property, a specific or genuine character, posses
sions in common : the 44th year of the cycle, A.D. 1850.
Sidhdranopdrjana, S. (साधारणोपाज्ञैनं) Joint earnings pro
perly acduired by brethren living together as an -undivided
family.
SADHU, vernacularly, SADH, S. &c. (साधु, साध) Pious, vir
tuous, good, applied also to a person leading a pious or
religious life, a mendicant, an ascetic ; also the designation
of a member of a sect of monotheistical Hindus who pro
fess moral and personal purity : a respectable trader or
merchant : in IBengali, a usurer, a money-lender.
band (dhaca) is living.
SADIR, Tam. (Pट्ठीघै) Boundary, limits.
SADKA, or SADAKA, plur. SADA KAT, H. (A. AGA-०, ५--'GA.८)
Alms, properly dedicated to pious uses, voluntary alms,
in distinction to those imposed by law : also, propitiatory
offerings to avert sickness from a friend or relative in
disposed.
Sadhgfarं, A. (Ux3,* ंA~) Ordained or obligatory alms.
Sadhafttr, H. (A. AesAGo०) Alms bestowed upon the poor
by law, at the ia-al:fitr, or festival which terminates the
fast of RamZān : obligatory alms.
Sadhanaft.A.(OंGo-०) Woluntary alms, not imposed bylaw.
SADR, SUDR, vernacularly,SADAR, SUDUR, corruptly, SU DDER,
and SUDDUR, H. &c. 9A~, सदर) Eminence, superiority,
chief, supreme : the highest or foremost of any thing : the
chief seat of gowernment, the presidency, as opposed to the
provinces or JM५fassil ; but the term is most usually ap
plied in India to denote establishments or indiwiduals em
ployed in the judicial and revenue administration ofthe state.
See Adalat.
Sadr-, or Sadar-6ddlat, corruptly, Sudder-adamolat, H. (A.
५-"A99-e) The chief court of justice, the Company's
 SAID
Supreme court, and court of final appeal in India : the term
` Sudder Court ’ has latterly been made applicable to the
courts of highest civil and criminal jurisdiction in all the |
Presidencies Act viii, 1842. See -fildlat.
Sadr-dirudni-4dalat, H. (c4-Jloe.}}}eyo-०) The chief civil
cOurt. _
Sadrःfaitjddr1-, or migdmat-ddailat,H. (cº-"ee.9'A#-#99-e)
The chief crimimal court.
Sadr,or SadarAmin, commonly,Sudder4meen,H.(J५-्)A-०)
A chief commissioner or arbitrator, the title of a class of
native civil judges under the British government, distin
guished as Sadr Amins and Principal Sadr Am{ns.
After various extensions of their jurisdiction, the Sadr।
4min in Bengal was empowered to pronounce judgment in
civil cases to the extent of I000 rupees, and the Principal
Sadr 4min to that ofā000, which was afterwards extended
to an indefinite amount in suits referred to him by a city
or Zilla judge. A limited criminal jurisdiction was also
Act xxv.1837. At Madras, Sadr Amins have civil jurisdic
tion to the extent of2छे00 rupees, and criminal jurisdiction
in referredcases: the designation of asuperiorclassof officers
styled native judges was subseguently changed to that of
JPrincipal Sadr Amāns. Reg. iii.1888; vii.viii.1827; Act
xxiv. l830. At Bombay, also, the designations of Native
and Principal Native Commissioner,were changed severally
to those of Principal Sadr Amām, and Sadr Amin, with
similar powers. Reg. xviii. I8Bl ; Act. xxiv. 1886.
Sadrat-patra,H.9ं9A-०) An assignmentor grant underthe
authority ofgovernment,or recorded in the collector’s office.
Sadarbargir, Mar. (सदरबारगीर) A trooper stationed on
guard at a court of justice.
Sadarbhe:, Mar. (सदरभेट) Presents to government officers,
forming an item of charge to every willage in addition to
the assessment. _
Sadr, or Sadar.jamd, corruptly, Sudder.jumma, H. (A.
e**9e-०) The sum total of revenue payable to the go
vermment direct, exclusive of the charges of collection.
Sadr, or Sadar-lachhari, corruptly, Sudder-cutcherry, H
-9ं,~) The principal rewenue office of a district or
estate, that of the collector or Zamindār.
Sadr, or Sadar-liharch, H. ५तः)*9A-०) Expenses of the prin
cipal authority or establishment.
Sadr, or Sadar-lidnungo, H. ७%9A-०) The chief native
registrar or accountant of a district or collectorate.
4छ]
SAD
Sadr, or Sadar-hdं, H. (A499-e) The chief kā2f or Mo
hammadan judge.
Sadr, Sadar-kistbandi, H. (.sAGuka.Gyo-०) The engage
ment for revenue instalments payable to gowernment by the
principal revenue payer, as distinguished from those entered
into with him by his under payers.
Sadr,or Sadar-malgu24r,H. 9l69-9e-०) The chiefrewenue
payer, one who pays it either into the government treasury,
or to the collector ofa district, immediately, and not through।
any other agency : the head man or representative of a
joint-tenancy willage, who engages for and pays the revenue
due from the community to the government.
Sadr, or Sadar Panchdyat, H. A supreme Panchaiyat,
one appointed to superintend other similar bodies, where
there are many, and report their proceedings to the go
wernment officer.
Sadr,or Sadar-sarrishta,H.(ं-8x99-०) The chief revenue
office ; in a district, that of the collector ; on an estate, that
of the proprietor or chief manager.
Sadr, or Sadar-us-8adir, A. 9A4)A-०) The chief judge,
the chancellorः under the Mohammadam gowernment he was
especially charged with the investigation of the cases of
all those who applied to the sovereign for grants of re
venue : he had also charge of rcal f property or religious
endowments, and the appointment of kfigis and other law
officers.
Saddrat, H. (A. ५-9le-०) The office of chief judge or
chancellor.
Sadar, Mar. (सदग्) A chief court, &c., as above ; but it is
also used as a term in papers of accounts to signify the
general heading or statement at the head of several columns
of detail : also, adwerbially, in the general, on the whole.
Sadar-rakam, Mar. (सदरणकम) The total amount, the head
ing or sum of the several items of an account.
Sadara-lui, Tel. (ं७ ँ६णप्) Aforesaid (referring to a
previous specification).
Sadaraha, Mar. (सदरह्) According tothe headorspecification.
SADIRwARID, corruptly, SADERwARED, SADURWARID, H.
(A. 9'9e५० । from 8ddir, what goes, and mudrid, what
comes) A traveller, a guest : in the south of India where
it is in more general use, sometimes vernacularly modified,
it is differently applied, and means commonly warious con
tingent or incidental charges borne by a willage or a com
munity, as in the following.
Sadaracaradu, Tel. (G` ॐ ँ~ण`ंC) Charge made to the
 SAID
Ryots for supplying the public hacheri with ink, paper,
oil, and the like.
Saidaraodr, Sddalandri, or Sddaludrf-kharchu, Karn.
(ऐव् ँऽऽश्ञ४, त्येव्ॐ०ऽव्०९, त्येव् ंeणव्ं ९०९ac&aंC)
Contributions for a public entertainment ः expenses of an
annual feast in honour of Gam6sa : hacheri charges for
stationery, &c.
Sadirrodrid, Saidiliodrid, Mar. (सादिरवारिद, सादिलवारिद)
Incidental willage expenses, including periodical festivals,
occasional allowances to willage officers, to religious esta
blishments, to religious mendicants, or the like, all which।
were defrayed by extra assessments, restricted in some places
to six per cent. on the collections : in Marathi the word
is used in combination, as, Sddirmudrid-, or Sddilmodr
kharch, &c. _
Sadilicdrid-, or Sādilndr-patti, blunderingly, Sādit-puttee,
Mar.(सादिलवारिदपट्टी,सादिलवारपट्टी)Extraassessment above
the public revenue levied formerly by the revenue offices
on the pretext of defraying local district charges, termed
also Mahdil-8ddirrrdrid, not prowided for otherwise by the
Maratha government.
Sdda?’-kharchu, Tel. (Go ं63cॐंO) Remission or allow
ance by the native government of a certain per centage
of the revenue raised from a willage for repairing tanks,
alms to mendicants, and other incidental charges.-Northern
Sarkārs.
SAFAr, SAFAT, SAFAHAr, A. (ं~, $े~ । ५-s3-्) Foolish
ness, folly : conduct which, according to some authorities,
renders a person subject to restraint.
Safill, A. (ं॰) A fool, a madman, one unfit to have the
management of his own affairs.
SAFAR, H.(A.A-८)The second month of the Mohammadanyear.
SAFHA, H. (A. Asº-e) A page.
Saphd, Hindi (सफा) A column or page of accounts.
SAFI-KHAT, corruptly, SUFFIE-KHUT, H. (A. **-े-०) A Sda/ubadi-dittam, Tam.(PrTC)-१-छै्ठीt--ta)
receipt, a deed of acuuittance.
Sdfi-ndma, H. (A. *०५.*५०) A deed ofacduittance, a deed
of release or ofacduiescence in the terms of a Tºdsi-ndma,
of which it is the counterpart; the latter, or deed of consent,
being executed by the plaintifi; the Sdfi-ndma, or deed of
acduiescence, by the defendant.
SAFiNA, H. (ं॰) A blank book• a common-place book.
(English), Subpoena.
SAFKA, A. (ं3-2) Concluding a bargain, usually done by
shaking hands (saf]).
452
SAH
SAG, H. &c. (e-*५, साग, from S. शाक) Greens, potherbs,
edible vegetables.
Stij-pat, H. (e“-५e3-1५) Petty dues paid in kind, lit.,
greens and leaves, to village officials.-Kamaon.
SAGA, H. (८.५, from S. sagotra), SAKKHA, Mar. (सखखा)
Related by the same parents : a relative.
Sadabhdi, H. (S. ८.४५:५५) Own brother, one by the same
father and mother.
Sadai, Saddinat, H. (S. ५.४५००, ५-9ं…) Affinity, especially
by the same parents ; betrothment : second marriage of a
woman of low caste.
SAGAyr, Tel. (*०x०) A halfः
SAGARA, vernacularly SAGAR, corruptly, SAUGU R, S. &c.
(सागर) The ocean, applied rather loosely to the low lands
forming the western portion of the Delta of the Ganges,
where the Hugli branch falls into the sea.
SAGATU, Tel. (७)K&39) An average.
SAGNI, or SAGNIKA, S. &c. (साग्नि, साग्निक:) A Brahman
who preserves a perpetual household fire.
SAGOTRA, corruptly, SAGOTR, S. &c. (सगोच) A kinsman, one
allied by community of name and descent, a gentile relation
Sa//otra-dasaintara, S. (from दश, ten, and अन्तर, within),
also with the vernacular form Dasaintil, corruptly, Su//otr
dushamtil, Mar. (सगोचदशोतील) A kinsman of the same
descent within ten degrees: also such a degree of relationship.
Sagotramditra, corruptly, Sugotrmatr, S. &c. (from माच,
merely) A kinsman by the same descent, but within what
degree is uncertain.
Sodatrasapinda, S. &c. (सगोचसपिण्ड) A kinsman by com
mon descent who is also connected by obseguial offerings.
SAoUBApl, Tel. (G*०००) SAGUvALI, corruptly, SAooo
WELLw, SAGwALLw, and SAGNALLw, Karn. (त्येव्x०३९१)
SAGUBADI, Tam. (GrTC)t-l9-), also read SARUPADr.
Cultivation, tillage, farming.
Statement
of lands settled to be cultivated in the course of the year if
the season permits : settlement of or order for, cultivation.
Stijubadi-lamaku, Tam. (PrTC)t-ll9-कैe००ष्ठाफैgy) An ac
count of the cultivation.
Saajubadi-rdji-ndma, Tam. (from the A. P. *०५.४*) A
deed of lease of cultivable land.
Sdgusantu, Karn. (येव्x०,७०Go) Farming, cultivation.
SAH, H. (S. ४५०) A merchant, a banker, a tradesman.
SAHAGAMANA, vernacularly, SAHAGAMAN, S. &c. (सहगमनं,
from सह, with, and गमनं, going) The burning of a
 SAH
widow with her husband’s corpse : accompanying him in
death.
SAHAJ, H. (*”), Beng. (जश्यन), Mar. (सहज) Easily, naturally,
without effort. Uriya (६१9) Slight, petty : (from S. सह,
with, and ज, born).
Sahaj4ghat, Uriya (S. ६६)ंle|०||६) Slight wounding.
Sahaj-chori, Uriya (१६)ंls०|9.1) Petty larceny.
SAHAMARANA, S. &c. (सहमखण) The burning of a widow with . SAHolyHA, S. (सहोढ:) The son of a pregnant bride, one of the
the corpse of her husband.
SAHAN, H. (A. J~~) The area of a house, the ground on
which it stands : a court-yard.
SAHANA K, Mar. (A. e-ॐंs*, a dish) A grant of rent-free
land for subsistence.
SAHAR, H. (A. A”) The morning, the dawn : the maal taken
by the Mohammadans just before day-break in the month
of Ram2an ; also Sahargdh and Sahargah.
SAHASAN,wernacularly, SAHAs, corruptly, SHAHESH, S. (साहसं) ।
Wiolence : in law, injury of three degrees ; slight, as de
struction of fruit-trees, &c. ; middle, killing of animals ;
atrocious, as wounding and murder.
SAHHAT, or Si HHAT-NAMA, H. (from A. ँ~~, being in health)
A certificate of a person's being alive at any given date.
Si HIB, H. (A. ५---'~), SAHEB, Beng., Mar. (जो८श्द, साहेब)
A master, a lord, a companion : in Hindustani, the usual
designation and address of a respectable European, like
Mister, Sir, &c ; when European authorities are spoken of
collectively, they are sometimes termed Sdhibdm-6alishdm,
most exalted gentlemen : an assistant judge or collector is |
termed in native patois, Sahib-shistamt.
8dhiba, H. (A. A५-५०) A lady, mistress, madam.
8al40at, plur. of Sahib, (ं'=*) Companions, especially the
companions of Mohammad, through whom his sayings have
been handed down, forming a body of traditional law in
ferior in authority only to the Kurān.
Sahib-ā-muruicat, A. (ं,० ५--~~-५०) The possessor of polite
ness ः in law, a gentleman.
Sahib-nis(ib, A. (--''~ ५~-५०)The possessor of so much
property as renders him liable to pay Zikāt, or established
alms.
SAHiFA, H- (A. Ai.~~) A book, a leafः
$ahl4f H. (A. ५--Ges*) A bookseller, a bookbinder, a
librarian.
SAHiH, H. (A. &=*) Right, proper. SA-f, Mar. (सई) A
word attached to written documents to signify acduiescence,
or uttered at the close of verbal statements with a similar
458
SAI
import. GuZ. (२{ष्टl) A term of assent ; also a signature,
a written attestation.
SAIIM, pl. SAHAM, incorrectly, SBHAM, SUHAM, (**“, •५“)
A lot, a portion, the Share of a person entitled to a part
of the inheritance.
Sahm-batiodrd, H. ()',ं, sharing) Division of an estate
amongst the coparceners according to their seweral portions.
twelve sons formerly recogmised by Hindu law.
SAHoDAKA, S. &c. (सहोदक) Related by libations of water
to deceased kinsmen.
SAHODARA, S. &c. (सहोदर) Uterine, a brother of whole blood.
Sahoda?' ं, a sister by the same mother.
SAHoTRA, erroneously, SAHooTRA, Mar. (साहोचा, from साहा,
for सहा, six, and उत्तरं, above) Six per cent., whether by
the month or year : a fee or perguisite of six in a hundred
given to a public officer ः an item of the Maratha chauth,
or Six per cent. of the balance of the collections, after set
ting aside one-fourth to the Peshwa, assigmed to the Pamt
Sachica, or minister So termed, to whose representative
the Stthotrd in certain cases is still granted.
SAHU, also SATHUKAR, H. &c. (*५~, 9४;*~, साहुं, साहुकार)
SAw-, or SAUKAR, whence the vernacular forms, SoUCAR,
SowKAR, SAUKAR, corrupily, SHowKAR, Mar. (सावकार्,
as well as साहुकार) A banker, a dealer in money and ex
। changes, a merchant in general ः [these words are no doubt
from the S. sdd/u, good, respectable, but a.facetious ety
। mology in Marathf refers Sacakdr to sa, six, and cakdra,
the letter o, that is, to the six words beginning with a)
which characterise the opulent banker-pastra, dress, capu,
portly person, cidyd, knowledge, pinaya, decorous de
meanour, odhi, fluency of speech, and citta wealth : it may
be observed, that although the terms are known to most,
if not all, of the dialects, they are especially in use among
the Marathas].
Saikard, or Sahukard, Mar.(सावकारा, साहुकार) The body
or corporation of bankers or monied men in a principal
town : extensive money dealings.
Sdiik4rः, or S4hukarं, Mar. (सावकारी, साहुकारी) Dealings
in money and exchange : adw., relating to a banker or bank
ing : mercantile, as business, usage, interest, &c.
Sahaikdr-kā-tip, vulg., Somccar-teep, H. (C~ंJं,४;*५)
A banker's bill of exchange.
SAi, Hindi (साई) Earnest-money.-Chota Nagpur.
SAi, SATA, Hindi (सै, सैस्रा, from S. शती) A hundred.
छ Z
 SAI
Saihra, or Sainhra, H. (सेकडा, ',ंA.०,ंसकडा) A hundred
per cent.
SAIBAT, A. (*५५) A female slawe or she camel set at liberty
uuder a vow : the word is used in the formula of manu
mission, as Anti-sdibat, thou art free.
$AfBA, or SAwrBA, A. (ं) A woman who has had in
tercourse with man, as opposed to a wirgin, in Moham
madan law.
SAin, written also SAwi D, and SArwi D, H. (A. AA॰) A lord,
a chiefः a designation assuimed by a number of Moham
madans who pretend to be descended from IIusain, the
son of Ali and grandson of Mohammad.
Said-2dda, H. (from A. sol;, born) The descendant of a
Saād, or of Mohammed.
SATRAL, H. (A. Uं-०), St KAL, Mar. (शिकल), SIRAL. Beng.
(भिवहन) Polishing metals, cleaning arms or tools.
Saikalgar, H. (*U9-०) Sihalijar, Beng. (*िकलशंत), Si
halkdr, or -gar, Mar. (fशकलकार, -गाग्) An armourer, a
cleaner or polisher of arms or tools of metal.
SAIL, H. (A. Uं“) A torrent or fiood.
Sailab, H. (A. P. ५--*५५) A flood or torrent, an inundation.
Suildbi,Sindhi (A.P. J*“) Land watered by inundations.
SAir, H. (A. UG'~) A petitioner, one who asks or begsः one
who interrogates, an examiner. _ Sdirºjahat, erroneously, Sairjat, H. (c“-५*9a५॰) A tax on
SAIMA, pl., SAwAist, H. (A. &~''~ , *';“) Herds of camels,
oxen, goats, or other animals, Subsisting chiefly on pasture.
SAINI, Thug. Signal for murder.
SAINDHI, (?) The fermented juice of the wild date-tree (Elate
sylvestris),
SAIP, Thug. Any trick practised upon travellers ; also the
exerior, when respectable, of a Thug or traveller.
SAin, corruptly, SAy R, SAwRE, H. (A. A५.), SAwER, Beng.
(जi८षङ्ग), SAwAR, Mar. (सायणं), SAwARU, Tel. (Ge०७cco)
In its original purport the word signifies moving, walking,
or the whole, or the remainder : from the latter it came to
denote the remaining or all other Sources of revenue ac
cruing to the government, in addition to the land-tax, from
a variety of imposts, as customs, transit duties, licences,
fees, house-tax, market-tax, &c., in which sense the term
is current throughout India : the several imposts under
this name were abolished by the British government, with
the exception of government customs, duties on spirituous
liguors, and other minor specified items : the privilege of
imposing local taxes included in the Sai/ar, was also taken
away from private individuals, but it still applies to various
454
SAJ
_
items of the income from landed property mot comprised
in the produce of cultivatioi, as rent from fisheries, from
timber and fruit-trees, bees’-wax, &c. : it also designates
certain admitted manorial rights or prescriptive fees and
cesses levied from the residents in a village, or from the
cultivators by the proprietors, which have been long esta
lished, and are upon record ; the former of these additions
are usually taken into account, the latter not, in fixing the
rate of assessment. Reg. xxwii. l798. In A. and H. S41r
is also a tax on personal property, and in Marathi it also
sigmifies the place or stand where the customs are levied.
Sair, or Sdyar bakhsh bandar, H. (A५ U***A५०) Duties
on markets, and customs om goods, levied at Hugli(Bahhsh
bandar), under the former government of Bengal.
Sdir-chalamtd, H. (Uं0-*-9'~) Transit duties formerly levied
by the Zamindārs on goods passing through their estates.
Sdir chuma cahl/, (?) The title formerly given to the duties
and taxes levied in and around Murshidabad ः (the epithet,
which is obviously an error, perhaps for Chana-khaili, lime
creek or wharf, may have been taken from the site of the
custom-house).
Sdir-jamd, H. (e-A५०) The total amount of the rewenue
in addition to the land-tax.
boats, an inland toll: the Sdir duties collectively.
Sdir’-ā-kharch, H. (ल्;**५) Expenses of the collection of
the Sdir duties.
Sdir-kharch, H. Extra or miscellaneous expenses.
Satir-pamchotara, H. 9}ञ्'9''~) Five per cent. lewied on
the transit of goods.
(*tt४२.१uंu) Collector of customs.
Sti?)’rodlo, GuZ.
SAis, H. (A. U~५५०) A groom, a horsekeeper.
SAIT, Thug. Parole of rendeZwous.
SAITHAwAR, Hindi (सैश्यावार) A division of the Krtrmi or
agricultural tribes in Hindustan, located chiefly in Gorakh
pur and Benares.
SAJA-JAMA, (?) Beng. Amount of rent in kind (?).
SAJAL-STHAL, S. &c. (स, with, जलं, water, and स्यल, land)
A term used in deeds of transfer or Sale of landed pro
perty to denote the absolute alienation of the whole.
SAJALU, Tel. (plur. ०CºadeO) Labourers in salt-works.
SAJAwALI, Karn. (Kºeछब्)ं,9, probably from the A. Sa2aः
irali, ५. w) Restraint on a person to enforce payment of
a debt, or prevent his rnnning away.
SAJGANi, SAJGANi, Mar. (सजगणी, सजगाणी) A ciuple of
 SAJ
JPaisas, or copper coin So termed ; also, a measure ofland
= six Tºukds.
SAJHA, H. (५-७०५, सहायता) Partnership, association.
Sājhi, H. (_४+ं-५, S. सहायी) A partner, an associate, a
coparcener in landed property.
SAJ.JA, Mar. (सज्जा) A continuous tract of cultivated ground.
SAJ.JADA, less correctly, Si.J.JADA, H. (A. ४el#”) A mat or
carpet on which Mohammadans kneel or sit whilst pray
ing : see Sijda. _
Saij4da-nishin, H. (P. JAं , sitting) The sitter on the
praying carpet, usually applied to the spiritual superior
of a mosgue or religious endowment, as distindt from the
-Mutamoallः, or Secular Superior and manager, although the
two offices are not unfreduently united in the same person ;
also any religious ascetic of the Mohammadan faith.
SAJ.J I, SAJ.JI-MATI, SAJ.JI-NUN, incorrectly, Soo.JEE-MATEE, H.
(Lsतःि”, cs’-***”, ७***”, सञ्जेिका) An impure carbonate
of soda called Sajji earth, or Sajji salt, extracted from the
soil in various parts of Hindustam, especially in the Doab.
SARA, or SA KA, vulgarly, SHUK, or SHUKU, S. &c. (शाकं,
शाक) An aera in general, but the term is applied especially
to that which is reckomed from the reign of a prince of
the south of India named Stiliudhama, commencing in the
79th year of the Christian fera, and to be identified with
the latter by adding 78#ः thus the current Saka year I772
began towards the end of March I8छ0.
Sahabda, S. (शाकाब्ट), Sagdittam, corruptly, Sagartham,
Tam. (EPGrrंठta) Any year of the aera of Sdlicdhama.
SAKAR, H. (A. ५4.४.) A cutler.
SARAM-BADH, Uriya (१०॥१6६), from S. Sa-hdma, with will,
and badha, killing) Wilful murder.
Sakam-samdm-badh, Uriya (११|१११|११६) Culpable homi
cide.
SAKALATI, or SARALATU, Tel., Karn. (3se)ं9, २ servॐ७,
apparently from the English ' scarlet ’) Woollen or broad
cloth.
NAKALAwA, and SAKALAwA-RASI, Karn. (ंॐछ्रुळ०ऽOठग्ब्ळै,
from S. Sahala, all, and rdsi, a heap) The whole of the crop
before partition between the gowernment and the cultivators.
SAKAR, Mar. (सकार) Acceptance of a bill, endorsement in
proof of acceptance. _
Sahardi, Mar. (सकराई) The charge made by the cashier of
a bill of exchange.
SA KARA, erroneously, SUKRA, H. (S. सं, with, कर्, tax) Sub
ject to revenue payment, paying tax.
455
SA K
SAKH, or SAKHi, Mar. (साख, साखी) Mercantile credit, a good
reputation in business.
SA KHA, S., and in all the dialects, sometimes expressed SARH ,
SHA KH, (शाखा) lit., A branch : metaphor., a division or
branch of any tribe, Sect,family, School, or caste, and the like
Sakhdicali,S.&c. (शाखावली, from Acali, a row) A pedigree,
a family.
SAKHf BHAwA, S. &c. (सखीभावः, from Sakhi, a female friend)
A sect of Hindus in Upper India who especially worship
7tddha, the mistress of Krishna.
SA KIN, H. &c. (७*५०) An inhabitant, a permanent resident
in any place. ५_) *
SAKKA, H. (A. U.) A water-bearer, sometimes one of the
willage servants in Hindustan who supplies the willagers
and travellers with water, and is paid by an allowance of
grain at harwest.
SA KsHi, S. &c. (साक्षी), SA KHI, H. (_.*५०), it is also pro
nounced in other dialects,although correctly written, SARH f,
A witness, an eye-witness : it is also used, less corrrectly,
for witness or testimony in general, for Sakhya, ५. w. In
Mal. (oropee:Sr0) it also means a fine or forfeit of ten per
cent. on the money advanced when a mortgagee wishes to
give up the land he holds before his term expires.
Sākshiddr, Mar. (साछ्'ीदार) A witness.
Stikshijair,andSalishiyaca,Karn. (त्येळं,7त्ळ&, त्येव्ं,०93)
A witness.
Sākshikhdinam, Mal. (oooeeSc0ces)p००००) Fees paid to one
who witnesses the execution of title-deeds.
Sakshya, S.&c. (साघय), also, sometimes, Sdhhya, and Sahsh4.
Evidence, testimony, deposition. -
Sahsha-4-8ayaru, Uriya (a।Gथlglं) Circumstantial evi
dence (from सTघय, and the A. ु५“ , remainder).
SARTI, S. &c. (शक्)ि Power, ability, the personified power of
a divinity, a goddess.
Sākta, S. &c. (शाक्) Relating to the female nature or prin
ciple : the designation of a Sect who worship the female
principle according to the ritual of the Tamtras ः there are
two chiefdivisions of them, the Dakshindichdri and W6m6
chari, or right and left-hand ritualists : the worship of the
former is public, and no otherwise noticeable tham as ad
dressed to the goddesses, especially forms of Durgd, as
JBhactimi, and Pargatं, also to JDakshmi or IMahdilakshm?,
and others, commonly objects of adoration. The left-hand
division worship, in preference, the Tintriha impersona
nations of Durga, as Deri, Kali, Sa/tim4, &c., or a woman
 SAK
representing the Sdikti ; their worship is private and un
awowed, and is celebrated with impure practices ः it is said
to be most numerously followed, and branches into various
Subdivisions.
SAKHTU,Tel.(FOOश्99, P.५-5-५०) Manufacture, construction.
SA KULwA, S. &c. (सकुल्य) A kinsman, or, more usually, a dis
tant kinsman, not nearer than five, seven, or ten degrees.
SAL, H. (P. U५०), SALU, Tel. (G`*99), SALE, Karn. (जेळं)
A year.
Salabad, Sal4bddi, Mar. (सालाबाद, सालाषादी) Permanent
collections or charges: used generally with the substantives,
as Sttl4bdd:jama, the permanent or perennial revenue; S6
kibdd-kharch, the permanent or fixed charges, as of a vil
lage for establishment, charities, festivals, &c.
Salabadu, Tel. (Geeण`टु” ँ७) Annually, year by year.
Sal-4/inda, H. (P. soं,ि coming), Stilu, or Sale-aind4,
Tel. (G`eo, OTCe9०So०C) Nextor ensuing year.
Stil-ba-sil, H. (J५J-), Sal-dar-sal, Mar. (सालदरसाल)
Wear by year, annually.
Sdl-bamdं, Mar. (सालबंदी) A settlement for a series of years,
or the papers detailing it, as affecting recurring engage
ments, as contracts, leases, &c. : the arrangement made by
joint inheritors or proprietors for the successive enjoyment
of their property.
Silerdr-laharchu, Karn. (Gedव्ग्व्ॐ39aं७F) Annual dis
bursements.
Sailijira, H. (from 9% a knot) The anniversary of a person's
nativity, when a knot is tied on a string or thread kept
as a record of his age.
Stil-gugashta, H. (from P. *ं, pas) Sal-Tudast, Mar.
(सालगुदस्त), Sdlugujastd, Tel., Karn. (Gee KSad॰टः)
Last year
Stt/ं, H. &c. (Lु'~। साली) Annual, relating to the year ः
land taken up for the year : a rate in the cultivator’s lease
when two or more crops are raised from the soil in the
same year, that isto say, when thegroundis worked through
out the year, not in one season only.
Sil-ā-hdl, H.(J-J.),Sale-hda,Tel.,Karn.(G*TCंणश्e9)
The present or current year.
Sttlidna, H. &c. (G५५०) Annual, yearly : an annuity, a
yearly salary or pension.
Sttlitinaddr H. (P.Jle, who has) A pensioner, an annuitant,
one who receives an annual allowance, stipend, or pension.
Salidnadardn, corruptly, Saliandarum, H. (pl. of the last)
Annuitants : an entry in the formers tatement of the re
470
SAL
५
venues of Bengal on account of annual allowances made
to the Zamindars in Sylhet
Salidna-hdsil, or -talisil, H. (A. U-०७-, profit, U५~～', col
lections) Wearly collections from a district or estate.
Salind, Mar. (P. सालीनप्) Annually, year by year.
Saljharti-jama-kharch, H. (ढः)*-e*+_ं-J“) A yearly
account of receipts and disbursements, a debit and credit
accOumt.
Salkar{, Mar. (सालकरी) The individual who, among a
number of joint proprietors, is in possession or has the
management of the common stock for a given year.
Saltamdmi-liddaja, Uriya (६|२६|१|१०|६lं२, from A. •' ं,
entire, and 6a४, paper) The yearly accounts.
Salndr, H. 9}५) By or according to the year or years.
Salicar-rcasttl-bdiki, H. (A. J; ०७, collection, and JP५ । re
mainder) Accounts of the annual collections and balances
for a series of years.
SALA, or SALAst LA, Karn. (न्य9, त्य७७c९०) Debt.
Sailagdra, or Saladdra, or Saladaua, Karn. (जेळe)7त्ळॐ,
व्ग्टं, or -63) A creditor.
Sala?dra,orSaladali-biddaca,Karn.(त्ण्व्e7ज्ad, व्व्)eं9
०:ॐ) A debtor.
JPatrasdla, Karn. (ं2ॐल्जैव्e) A debt contracted upon a
bond or note.
Daddisdia, Karn. (०१ञ्श्9) A debt bearing interest
(Gooयेव्e), Kosoत्पण्व्e) Bail
JMaisala, or Sukhasdla, Karn.
for a debt.
SALA, H. &c. (J५०, शाला, श्याल) A wife's brother, a brother
in-law : to call a stranger by such an appellation is one
of the most aggravated terms of abuse in Bengal.
Sali, H. &c. ७५“ , शाली) A wife's sister, especially a
younger sister.
Saldpo, Beng. (*fलिi८*fi) A wife's brother’s son.
SALAF, H. (A. -}~) Ancestors, predecessors : money ad
vanced for merchandise. _
SALAGA, Karn. (ं७०x) A chief or head man.
SALAG RAMA, or SALIGRAM, commonly SAI,GRAM, S. &c.
(सालग्राम, सालिग्राम) A stone found in the Gandhak river,
a sort of ammonite supposed to be a type of Wishnu, and
worshipped by his wotaries (it is derived from sa, with,
ala for ara, a ring, and grdma, a multitude).
SALAHivAT, Hindi (सलाहियत, from the A. ५-2~'-०, fitness)
Information sent by the willage accountant or collector to
the chief police authority of any criminal occurrence in
the village.
 SAI,
SALAi, Mar. (सळई, from S. salakf, a pin, a stake) A sample,
as a bundle ofgrass, a single fruit, a log of wood set aside
from the mass in counting or weighing the whole, to mark
the completion of the tale at each pause, and then counted
to test the total : it is usually thrown into the bargain, or,
when it is the tale of the crop, the bundles become the
perguisite of the willage accountant.
SALAKA, Tel. (ंॐ०s) Ameasure of capacity egual to twoTitms.
SALA KE, Karn. (ंॐe)ठं) Delivering over, payment, paying.
SALAKH, H. (A. 2“) The last day of a month of thirty days :
day of new moon.
SALAKU, Tel. (3e)ंC) A dent or mark on a coin denoting
its goodness.
SALAM, written also SILM, and SILLIM, A. (A~) A descrip
tion of sale in which payment is immediate or in advance,
and the delivery of the purchased articles may be deferred.
See JMuslim.
SALAM, H. (A. •") Peace, Safety ः salutation (implying a
wish for a person's safety and health) used as a civil term
on meeting or parting,5 * as Sdheb-8aldm ; and more espe
cially, in the Arabic exchange of compliments, Saldim-4li
kum, peace be with you ; Ali-lium-salam, with you be peace.
Saldmā, H. (A. }.) Relating to compliments, or a sa
lutation, especially a complimentary present, a douceur,
*।।
the first receipts of an appointment tendered to the person
through whom it has been obtained: a present to a superior
upon being introduced to him : a gratuity or offering on
receiving a lease or settling for the rewenue, or on re
ceiving any favour real or implied : a fee or fine levied
annually on the holders of rent-free tenures as a guit-rent :
applied adjectively to tenures so held.
Saldmi-ā-khdma-bd?’{,H. (-9५ ं5-७-") A presentmade by
the Raiat to a Zamindār in Bengal on his erecting a new
hut, originally a free-gift, subseduently converted into an
Abn:dib, or regular impost.
SALAM, Hindi (सालम) Good fertile land.-Puraniya.
SALAN, SALNA, H. (७५०० ५u५) Meat, fish, or vegetablecurry.
SALAT, H. (A. ५-'-०, or B9-2) Prayer, the repetition of which
is directed five times a day, or, I. at the Subh, between
daybreak and sunrise ; 2. 2alir, immediately after noon ;
8. 4ंr, in the afternoon, shortly before sunset ; 4. Maghrib,
ewening, before dusk ; and 5. Islid, on retiring to bed :
these are the ordained Seasons of prayer, but other prayers
and other Seasons are also recognised and recommended.
SALAwApr, Karn. (ं००व्यग्व्०) A kind of beadle or crier at
457
SAM
tached to the head of a corporation of merchants, carrying
as a badge a large ladle with chain and bell on his shoul
ders, and whose duty it is to assemble the merchants on
public occasions, &c.
SALAwU, Tel. (ॐ०७) Leave, dismissal, permission to depart.
Tel., Karn, Expense, expenditure (probably from A.५-2~)
SALEvADU,corruptly,SALwA,andSARLEE,Tel.(G`TCeय`ॐ)
A weaver.
SALf, (?) Beng. A description of land, that paying rent in
kind (?)
SAI.f, Mar. (साळी) A particular class of weavers in cotton
and silk, or an individual of it.
SALI, S. &c. (शालि) Rice in general.
SALI, pron. SHULEE, Beng. (*नि) A measure for grain con
taining 20 sers ः eight Salis = a Map (भiश्र).
SALIK, H. (A. ५4-J५५) A class of Mohammadan devotees who
observe the law, and lead a domestic life.
SALIKE, Karn. (30ठं) Payment.
$ALI:, corruptly SALLIS, H. (A. ५--Jं), Beng. (भीलिज) An
umpire, an arbitrator (lit., a third, or one of three, from
Salaं ५4-4ं, three),
&ili:-'it-lihair, H. (Aed) 4५ ५--Jb)
An impartial arbitrator.
Saligi, corruptly, Sallisee, H. (AG), Beng. (श्fiनिर्जी) Ar
bitration, award.
Stiliं-ndma, H. (A.०७ ५*-J७) A deed of arbitration, a written
award.
SAL-JAMiN, (?) Mar. The best sort of copper-coloured or red
soil.-J. Sel. 4. 560 ः (it is no doubt a blunder for Dal,
red-earth.
SALMAL, (?) Mar. An inferior caste of Hindus said to be the
descendants of a Brahman by a slave girl ; whose business
it is to prepare and sell Pain, or the betel-leaf and nut, &c.
for mastication.
SALoNo, H. (सलोनी) Day of full moon in Sracan, when the
Itakhi is tied on. See Itakhi-purnima.
SALOTAR, or SALOTARI, corruptly, SALISTRI, H. (A9५~, from
S. शालिहोची) A farrier, a horse-doctor : also Salotari,
Farriery, veterinary practice.
SAMADASKAT, Gu2. (*tuअtu९२{%०t) An account opened by
a person in his creditor’s book; a promissory note, a receipt.
SAMADHI, also, vermacularly, SAMADH, H. &c. (S. समाधि,
समाध, -so५॰) Religious abstraction in general ; that per
formed by Jogfs, by which they pretend to be able to sus
pend the connexion between soul and body : the selfimmo
lation of a member of the Jogt order of mendicants, by
0 A
 SAM
burning or burying himself alive : the ceremony of bury-
ing, or sinking in water, the corpse of a deceased Jogt;
a small and low shrine or tomb erected ower the grave of
a Jogi, commonly surmounted by a standing-place for a
Tulas; plant : also a reconciling of differences, settlement
of an affair.
SAstAGr, SAxAGE, Karn.(* ँ०? , ७%S7ं) A person wear
ing a trident sectarial mark, and sometimes acting as priest
to Sudras.
SAyrAGRi, H. (S. .9C.५.) Furniture, tools, apparatus.
SAMA-f K, SAMAik, Mar. समडैकं, समाद्दैक, S. सामायिकं, from
समय, agreement) Held under compact or in conjunction,
as lands, tenements, &c. : cultivated in common by joint
proprietors or Sharers, without actual division.
SAMAJIK, Mar. (समाजिकं, from S. समाज, a community) Held
। in common ः belonging to a society or community.
SAMARH wA, Tel. (ं७ॐOणाप्3ऽां8, समाख्पा) A statement of
facts or opinions authenticated by a number of persons, an
agreement entered into by two or more individuals.
SAMAN, or SAMA, S. &c. (सामन्) The Sāma Weda.
SAMANA, vernacularly SAMAN, S. &c. (समानः, ७५*“) EGual,
like, Same.
Samdnagotra, S. (from गोच्च, family) Of the same lineage,
a gentile kinsman.
Samadmā-p?’iddhi, S. (समानीवृडि) Moderate interest.
Samanodaka, S. (from समानः, and उदक, water) A kinsman
connected by offerings of water to deceased ancestors ; for
the first seven degrees the Samdnodaka is the same as
the Sapindo, offering cakes and water ; the former affinity
extends to seven degrees further, in which water only is
presented.
Samdnodarya, S. (from डदरं, the belly or womb) A brother
of whole blood.
SAMAN, H. &c. (P. ७५५) Furniture, goods, effects, apparatus.
SAMAN, SUMUN, incorrectly, Sryf MIN, H. (A. ७*ं) Price,
value : in Shia law, gold and silver only are intended.
SAMANDASKAr, Gu८. (*tu*tu०९*(%०t, H. Samme-dastkhat)
An account opened by a person in his creditor's book, also
a receipt, a promissory mote or a writing passed by one
contracting party to another.
SAMANDAR, H. (?) A small land measure.-Midnapur.
SAyrANTA. S. &c. (सामन्त) Bordering, neighbouring, a neigh
bouring or adjacent willage or town.
SAMANvAwA, Beng- (जभचप, S. सम्, with, and अन्वय, succes
sion) Restoration of a person to his family or caste after
478
SAM
_ expiation for the fault by which he had been degraded.
This, or Samancayā, is probably the correct reading of
what appears in some lists of Sdmantt/t, which has no
satisfactory etymology.
SAMAN, or SUMUN, H. Beng. (७*~, भभन) The English
word ' summons.’
SAMAR, Hindi (समार) Crop-ploughing.
SAMARAs, Mar. (समरास, from राशी, a heap) Produce of a
field collected and stacked, but not divided among the
sharers; undivided property in general.
SAMARPANA, vernacularly, SAMARPAN, S. &c. (समप्पैण) De
livering, entrusting to : delivery, transfer.
SAMASTA-DEH-JANA, corruptly, SUMw UST-DEH IJIN, and St;
MUST-DEHIJIN, Mar. (from S. समस्त, whole, दिह, a village,
and जन , people) The entire village proprietary, the wil
lage community or corporation.
SAMASTANAM,Tam. (Guc6fugrrcणta, S. &c. Sansthana,५.v.)
A metropolis, the residence of a prince or person of rank:
it is used in a collective sense in the south for a family
of rank and distinction, a moble house.
SAMAsTHALA, S. &c. (समस्यल), SANTHAL, Mar. (संयल) Level
ground, table-land.
SAMATU, vernacularly, SAMAT, Tel. (ं७%Cं७) A division of
a district.
Samatuddrudu, or, vermacularly, Samatddr, also, Samud
ddrudu or Samuddd?’, Tel. (K०`Soॐ७८ऽश्&०ॐ७, ॐं००ं’
ॐ० ँo) A rewenue-officer employed by the government
or by a Zaminditr to superintend the tillage of a district, or
of a certain number of villages, to settle disputes among the
cultivators, and communicate with the district collector.
SAMAwARTTANA, S. &c. (समावझेन) The ceremony which takes
place when the young Brahman has completed his course
of religious study, and returns home : amongst the Mara
tlias it is said to be a ceremony in which the munja, or
girdle ofgrass, is loosened, sixteen years after it has been
put on.
Samdicritta, S. &c. (समावृत्तः) The religious student who has
returned home after completing his studies.
SAMAwA, S. &c. (समय) Compact, agreement, engagement.
SAMAwARAwA, Karn. (ं७ ँ००CCCव्०७०) The high priest of
the IDasari caste.
SAMBA, or SAMBANELLU, also read SHAMBA, and CitAyrisA,
Tam. (Gtat-lrT, eta-lrाGry605u) A Superior kind of
rice with white and well-flawoured grains, it is sown in
July, transplanted in October, and reaped in February.
 SAM SAM

SAMBA, or SHAMBA, Beng. (भव) Second ploughing of a field.
SAMBAI.A, Karn. &c. (S. ००८०%) Pay, hire, wages ः provender
or stock for travelling expenses, provisions for a journey.
Sambalagdr, Karn. (ंॐ००९?रळॐ) One who is retained or
hired. _
SAxxAi, H. (, ं…, सम्मई) The pipe (a hollow bambu) of
a drill plough.
SAMyrANAyr, Tam. (ethLorTCoाta) Lands exempt from all
tax ः (from S. सम् and मार्न, respect, a mark of respect),

SAMMATAPATRA, vernacularly, SAM MADIPATRAM, corruptly,

4raman6-sambala, Karn. (eॐoं७० ँ;) A person in SUMMADIBUTHREM, S. &c. (सम्मतं, assented, and पच, leaf)
the pay of the gowernment. _ A deed of acduiescence, permission, or agreement.
Samba!-adl, Tam. (etal-6rrg,6fr) One who serves for SAMoHI, (?) In Arcot, the designation given to the willages
monthly wages. or lands of a community held severally under periodical
SAMBANDHA, S. &c. (सम्बन्धं, from sam, together, and bandha, distribution. See Samudayam.
binding)ः it occurs unchanged in most of the dialects, but SAMPADAK, Mar. (संपादकं, S. one who accomplishes or pro
in Karn. becomes Sammandha (Kॐ० ँo० ं) Relationship, duces) The first person of a family who has obtained pos
affinity, connexion : although not exclusive of relationship session of lands, privileges, &c.
by descent, it is more correctly applicable to that by con SAMPRADAwAM, S. &c. (सम्प्रदायं) Custom, usage, traditional
nexion, as by marriage, &c. doctrine.

Sambhandi,S.&c.(सम्बन्धी), Sammandhi, Karn.(*७०39०६) SAMPRATI, corruptly, SUMPREDDw, SAMPATEE, SAMPARDw,

A relation, a connexion. SIMPERTw, Tel. Karn. (ं७०७299, from the S. सम्प्रति, mow,

SAstBARi, S. &c, (शाम्बरी) A female juggler. but changed in sense, or rather derived from समं, with, and
SAMBHAR, H. (9+}-८५) Salt obtained from a lake of the same मति, against) An assistant to a village accountant, a per
name im Ajmir. son employed to prepare copies of accounts, or to examine
SAMBHAR, Thug. Treasure. and make out check accounts.

SAMBHU WASAMUTTHANAM, S. (सम्भूयसमुत्यान) Joint perform Sampratiddru, Tel. (ं७० ७)&८ग्ॐ०) One who keeps
ance of work, concerns among partners, partnership ः a title counter or check accounts.

of Hindu law. Sampratipatti, S. &c. (सम्प्रतिपति) Assent, acknowledg

SAMDHI, also, SAMADHI, and less correctly, SAMDI, H. &c. ment ः in law, admission by the defendant of the truth of
(A***“) A father-in-law, either the father of the bride the plaint.
groom or the bride, especially in regard of their mutual SAMIJDAwAM, incorrectly, SAMADAWAM,Tam. (PGPंठTLLita *

affinity. S. समुदयं) The tenure by which the members of a willage

Samdhim, H. &c. (oPA~), Samadhuni, Uriya (११ggll) A community, or Mirāsidārs hold the lands in common, each
mother-in-law. See the last. occupying an assigned share, but having no permanently
SAsti, Hindi (सामी) Arable land.-Mherwara. exclusive right to it, and holding it only for a given period
SAyri, S. &c. (शामी) A sort of tree (Acacia suma) until a fresh partition and distribution take place ः it also
Samipujai, S. &c. (शमीपूजा) Worship of the Sam; tree at designates lands not allotted to individuals, but cultivated
the festival of the Dasaharit. in common : and again, it may mean a willage, the produce
SAMJ HAISH, H. (U*५५**“) Making to understand, explain of which is egually divided between the proprietor and the
ing, warning, inducing the defendant to admit the justice cultivators when they are distinct.
of a plaint. Samuddya-grdmam, Tam. (PGPंठrा LLकै८ीDrrruota, for

Sast.JUT-PATRA, Mar. (संजुतपच, from S. Sanyuhta संयुक्त, con
joined, and patra, a leaf) A paper declaratory of an ami
cable agreement having been come to between the litigant
parties.
SAyrLA, Hindi (समला) A crop that, after having been checked, |
grdma, S) A village held or cultivated in common ः also
one in which the produce, as before, is edually divided be
tween the proprietors and cultivators.
Samauddyamilam, Tam. (G(PंठTu-pl6otb) Land held and
cultivated in common.

has recovered.-Puraniya.
_ e ~) _
SAMUHA, S. &c. (समूह्) An assemblage, a multitude : an
SAMMADAM, Tam.(ethLarrgt;) A compact or commutation assembly formed to take cognisance of offences against
made by merchants and traders with the customs and excise. CaSte.

479
 SAMI
SAstUsARAM, Tam.(S. e(५०erTDrth, from S. संसार) Married |
state or condition.
Samusdrakaran, Tam. (PGPerTDrकैeBrTDrळैी) Amarried
man, one who has children.
Samusdri, Tam. (er(U०erTDf]) Father or mother of a family.
SAMWATSARA, vernacularly also SAMwAT, SUM wUT, or SAM
BAT, SUMBUT, S. (संवासणं), Hindi, Mar. (संवत), Beng.(जशृथ्)
A year; but it is especially applied to the luni-solar years of
the era of Wikramdiditya, commencing with the year of the
_Kali age 8045, or 57 years B.C., which latter number is
to be added to any year A.D. to find the Samgat; as,
A.D. I850 + छ7 = I907; and conversely to be deducted
from the Sam cat to find the A.D., as, 1907 - 57 = 1850 :
the Sam cat aera is chiefly used in Telingana and Hindustan,
occasionally in Bengal, rarely in the Peninsula.
"
"
SAMvID, or SAM wIT. S. (संवित्) Agreement.
Samuit-patra, S. (संवित्पच) A deed of assent, an agreement, | SANA, Mar. (साणा) A person, on the part ofone of the share
a deed ofgift, applied in the Anglo-Indian courts to a will, holders, set to watch over a joint concern to prevent frau
a testament.
Sam cid-्/atikrama, S. (from व्यतिक्रम departure) Non-per
formance of agreements, a breach of contract, &c. : a title |
of Hindu law.
SAN, SUN, H. &c. (A. ७५, सन) A year : like Samoat it
is also applied to the years of an aera, of which there are blood.
two varieties in use, the Bengali and the Wilait; ; the | SANABH0GA, pron. SHANABHoG, corruptly, SHANABOGUE,
former current in Bengal, and very commonly Guoted; the SHANBoGU E, SHAMBOGU E,also KU I,KARANI-5ANA BHOGA,
latter current more rarely in the Dakhin, but used and Karn. (ळळ),ऽं-०९x, &Soॐं२ळ्ळ),७ं8-०९x) The willage
known as the Almli-sam of Orissa. To convert the former
into the years A.D., छै98 must be added to any period
within the first mine months, छै94 for the other three : to
convert the latter, छै92 within the first four months, छ98
for the other eight : thus, the Bengal San beginning on ।
the first Baisdhh 908 + 598 = A.D. 1556. The Pilaiti ।
San beginning on the first of Asnin 968 + छ02 = I555.
These aeras were first established by the Emperor Akbar.
San is also used in speaking of the years of a king's
reign as chronicled by his coins : a rupee of the I9th San।
is one coined in the l9th year of his reign.
Sam-i.jalas, H. (A. U~*+) The year of the king's accession.
San-patit, Hindi (from S. पतितः, fallen) Land left uncul
tivated or unowned for a year.
Sammoad-,or Sanncad-bakā, Mar.(सनवद-सनवादबाकी) Arrears
of revenue due for Several years.
Sammoad-, or Sanmrdd-padast, Mar. (सनवद्-, सनवादपडसत)
Waste or uncultivated for years, land, &c.
460
SAN
Samrodit, corruptly, Sunat, Somaut, Sunott, H. (e-ºl,ं.०, pl.
of Sanat e-i.५, a year) Wears, but applied in Bengal
to rupees in the third year of their currency, when their
walue in comparison with the money of account, or current
rupee, was reduced from I6 per cent. to II per cent. above
the latter ; that is, the rupee was rated in the first year of
its issue at II6 to I00 current rupees, in the second year
it circulated at I'l8 to I00 current rupees, and in the third
and ever after, at III to I00 current rupees, when it was
termed Saramºdit.
SANA, wernacularly, SAN, or SUN, corruptly, SUNN, S. &c.
(शण) A plant, the fibres of which are used for the ma
nufacture of cordage, canvas, and the like : Indian hemp
(Crotolaria juncea), also the flax or fibres.
Samappam, Shamappam, or Samarpam,Tam. (e*०ठष्ठाuंJu_lcठा' ,
॰स्ठ-6ठठा'f)Lic्रा) A maker ofhempen cloths, canvas, sacks, &c.
dulent abstraction of the produce : also one set ower a
tenant by his landlord, from the cutting of the corm until
its final disposal, that he may not be defrauded of his share
(probably for the H. Shalima, g. w.).
SANABHI, S. (सनाभि) A uterine brother, a brother of whole
_
_ A _
clerk or accountant who keeps the accounts of the culti
wation, and registers ewery thing connected with it : he is
paid by a grant of land and portions of the crop : a writer
or clerk in general.
Sdndiya, Karn. (टव्)जव्)०9) Allowance of grain to the wil
lage accountant.
Jajuru-sanabhog, Karn. (from A.29-4- Hugur, ५. w) A
clerk of customs.
SANAD, SUNUD, incorrectly, or vernacularly, SUNNUD, H. &c.
(A. AJ.५, संनद), SANNADU, Tel. (ॐॐुॐ०) A grant, a
diploma, a charter, a patent : a document conveying to an
individual emoluments, titles, privileges, offices, or the go
wernment rights to rewenue from land, &c., under the seal
of the ruling authority. The Mohammadan government had
different forms of Sanads according to the nature of the
grant.
Sanad-ba-dahand, H. (P. Acee:AJ) Lit., IAet them give
a Samad: the form of words inscribed by the superior
 SAN
authority, the W43im, or Subdh-dar, upon the Dimodn's
petition or statement, representing the particulars of a
royal assignment of rewenue in his district, and consti
tuting his authority for issuing the Sanad-mutabik, the
local patent or order to make ower possession to the grantee.
Samad-bd: ं, H. (P. *५, the arm) A general term for the
whole of the Samads issued by the Emperor and his officers,
granting and giving possession of an assignmentof revenue.
Sanad-deb6-jrdil4, Uriya (११०G६६)|७|RI) The grantor
of a patent or assignment; and Samad-nebd-modl4 (G११)|
७|7.1) The receiver of such a grant, the grantee.
Samad-dingdnं, H. (G'*eA५~) A grant or assignment of
land, or rather of the government revenue assessed upon it.
Sanadi, corruptly, Sanedey, H. &c. (.sAA~) Relating to
a Sanad.
Samad-i-khun-bah6, H. (from J95-, blood, and ५, price)
A grant or deed conveying property from a person or family
implicated in a murder, as a retaliatory fine to the heirs
of the murdered person.
Sanad-ā-milkiat-i-istimrair, H. (from A. ५-34-२, master
ship,and)* ~' , continual) The deed or document by which
the British government recognised the absolute ownership
of the Zamindars of Bengal, and in some parts of the south,
at a fixed assessment : the term is current chiefly in the
Northern Sarkārs.
Samad-i-2aminddr, H. (P9'AA4-9,a landholder) AZamindār
appointed under a royal patent, on default of heirs, to suc
ceed to another Zamindār, or on the supercession of the latter.
Sanad-mciniyam, Tam. (Gः गु,ंu०rr&णी LLita) Rent-free land
held under gowernment.
Sanad-matabil, H. (A. G:''~०, in conformity with) The
patent or grant issued by a subordinate local officer giving
effect to an assignment or grant of revenue made by his
Superior to any indiwidual, and recapitulating the parti
culars of the original alienation.
Sanad-nacisand, H. (P. **“ं;' , let them write) A form
of words inscribed by the chief authority upon the petition
or application to him for a grant of rewenue, after the
necessary preliminaries had been completed,
Sannadi-indimu, Tel. (७,ं,०००9त्ऽं००) A grant ofrent
free land held under a patent or order of the Mohammadan
gowernment.
SANAJA, Uriya (६|१9|) Husband’s younger brother’s wife.
SANAK, Mar. (सानक) Lit., A dish; figः, a patrimony, a grant
of land as subsistence, without service attached.
40I
SAN
SANAN, plur. SANAR, commonly, SANNAR, SHANAR, or CHA
NAR, Tam. (Prreष्ट्)ळैी) The name of a low caste in the
south of India, whose occupation is the extraction of juice
from the fruit-stalk of cocoa-palm, which, when fermented,
becomes tdiri or toddy.
SANCHA, Thug. A grave.
SANoHArrA, Karn. (००&ग्व्०oo3) The management of an
estate by the collector or revenue officers of the government.
SAscHARARA, Karn.(ं७०8ं Coं) Earnest-moneyः a pledge,
a deposit.
SANCHAwAM, Tam. (PGºberru-dh) IDaily pay of a workman ः
the portion of theproduce ofa field assigned to the cultivator.
SANCHNi, Mar. (संचणी) The settlement of the leases and
ground-rents of a willage or country.
SAND, pronounced, SANR, H. (OG५५, सांड) A bull set at liberty
as an act of piety or on festival occasions, and privileged
to wander about at will.
SANDAI, Tam. (G|ं,०ठुंठ) A market, a fair, an anmual fair.
SANDAITA, Karn. (ं००८ण्ठे०ocर्ष्ट) ILand, &c., not let, but farmed
by the proprietor or government : an estate, or the like, in
charge of the collector or gowernment officer, in opposition
to what is farmed.
Sanddita-ādr, Karn. (*००८ग्छ०-997ज्ठँ) One who looks
after gowernment land that has not been rented.
SANDAwA, or SANDAwA, Mar. (सांडवा) A vent, an outlet
for superfluous water from a reservoir, a sluice.
SANDAwA, Karn. (ं७०ष्ट०ं७) Delivering over, making
payment.
SANDAwAM, Tam. (Gryंठrru-ta) Any thing held in common:
daily pay, &c. See Sanchdj/am.
Sanddyamilam, Tam. (Pप्रंठrTLLipl6ota) Land held in
COmmOn.
SANDHI, S., Mar. (संधि), SENDH, H. (४.AGJ), SINDH, Beng.
(लि*थ) A hole or breach in a wall made for the purpose
ofentering a house to steal : also, housebreaking, burglary.
(Sandhi properly means a holding together, union, ajoint,
peace, alliance, and the like : its application to a hole in
a wall may have arisen from dropping in practice some such
term as bliddama, breaking, originally connected with it, as
Sandhi-bll6damam, a breaking of continuity).
Sandhichora, or -chaura, S.(from चोर, चौरं, a thief), Sandh
chor, H. 9*---AGe॰), Sindhchor, Uriya (६ac६६6) A
burglar, a housebreaker.
Sandhichaurya, S. (from चौय्यै, a theft), Sendhchor{, H.
(.9*--*9ं॰) Housebreaking, burglary,
6 B
 SAN
Sendh-hdntd,H. (U，४.ºodA.),Sindh-hdti,Beng.(जि*थशों”ी)
Sindh-hathi, Uriya (६२०l०) An instrument for making
a hole in the wall, usually an iron pin about six or eight
inches long for picking out the clay or mortar in mud or
brick walls.
Sindhal, Beng. (जि*थीन), Uriya (१०IR) Housebreaking.
Sindhudl, Uriya (वgश्च॥R) Burglary, housebreaking.
Sindhudli, Uriya (१galā) A housebreaker, a burglar.
SANDHyA, S. &c. (संध्या, from संधि, a joint, a juncture), ver
nacularly, also SANuHA, H. (५**“) Either of the three
principal periods of the day, Sunrise, noon, Sunset ; also the
religious worship appropriately observed at those periods,
whether performed singly, as by bathing at those hours in
some sacred stream, accompanied by gesticulations and
prayers, or with others, either in domestic worship or in
temples, by communities of Brahmans : evening, twilight,
and especially the service then performed.
SANDrvALAM,Tel., Karn. (*००००य”००) Penalty, penal sum : SANJAwATHI, (?) Hindi, Undivided land of a willage, whether
money lodged or deposited : per centage, commission.
SANGA, Hindi (S. संग) A bridge used in the Himalaya formed
of timbers projecting from the banks one above another
until they nearly meet, when the passage is completed by
a plank laid across.
SANGAMA, vernacularly, SANGAM, S. &c. (संगम) Meeting,
place of meeting, the confluence oftwo rivers, the debouche
of a river in the sea.
Sangata, vernacularly, Sangat, S. &c. (सैगत) Met, united ः
Subst., a place of meeting, a meeting or assembly, a place
of worship, a temple, a monastery.
Samgati, S. &c. (संगति) Union, assemblage, meeting. Tel.
Karn. (*७०x9) Business, affair, circumstance, contents of
a writing : in one vernacular form, Samgai, corruptly Sem
ghaie, it denotes a kind of informal, but legal marriage.
SANGORU, Tel. (ं७०ATCo) Half of the whole produce of a
crop ः the share of the crop assigned to the cultivator,
usually considered to be half the produce, but sometimes
valued at only 20 or :90 per cent.
Sangdra-pailu, Tel. (ं७०/(*ॐ७०ceo) A half share.
SANGSAwAR, H. 9';~~~~) A subdivision of the Kttrmi tribe
in Bahar.
SANI, S. &c. (शानि) The planet Saturn or its regent. । Sankalpa-ndima, corruptly, Shumkullub-ndima, H. (P. &८७,
Samichar, H. (,*“, from S. शनैश्वर, the slow mover, or
Saturn) The planet Saturn,*also Saturday.
Sanicdra, vernacularly, Sanibdr, S. &c. (शानिवार) Saturn's | SANKARA, S. &c. (संवख) Intermixture, confusion.
day, Saturday.
402
SAN
SANI, H. (G५) Chaff or straw mixed with grain or seeds
from which oil has been expressed, as food for cattle.
SANI, Karn. (त्येव्,ं), probably from the A. Jं9x a second)
A companion. __
Sani, Tel. and Karn. (G`*७) A term used to designate
a woman ; in some cases, especially as compounded,a woman
of respectability, as Dora-sdni, a gentlewoman, a lady :
by itself it more commonly denotes a dancing-girl.
S4ni-daphtar, or Sanā-sarishta, Karn. (from the A. AGe,
an office, P, *ं9.) A colleague in a public department,
especially the revenue.
$Asº-siLAst,H. &c, (,ं.Ag, from A.AJ, second) Re-sale.
$ANi-TAuwiZ,H.9:*.9G), SANITAJPiं,Hindi (शानितजषीज)
Review of judgment, second investigation.
SANJAITA, Karn. (ंॐ०eउळ)०ooC) The immediate manage
• ment of any branch of rewenue, by the officers of govern
ment. See Samchdita.
common or held in shares.-Kamaon.
Sanjayathi-asdmi, Hindi (from –•५“', a cultivator) A here
ditary non-proprietary cultivator, expected, when necessary,
to contribute to the payment of the government revenue.
SANKAI.PA, vernacularly, SANKALP, corruptly, SUNKULLOP,
SUNG KULUP, SHUNKULLUP, S. &c. (संकल्प) A solemn
purpose, a mental determination or a deliberate announce
ment of an intention to perform some pious act, or make
a charitable donation, which has the force of a wow ः in
law, the declared wish or will of a person deceased, made
known before his decease, with regard to the disposal of
property, adoption of a son, or the like, made before wit
nesses : this is considered in some degree as eguivalent to
a will or testament, an act which, strictly speaking, is not
recognised by Hindu law : the term is also used with con
siderable laxity to designate lands held under a grant or
beduest.
Samhalpaddr, H. (P.)le, who has) A person holding land
rent-free or at a guit-rent under a solemn declaration or
vow of the grantor : one who holds lands as security for
a loan to the proprietors, which the borrower has solemnly
| promised to repay.
_
a document) A deed of gift or assignment according to
a previous promise.
`ं
| Sankarajdti, S. &c. (संकरजाति) A mixed caste or race
।
 SAN
springing from the intermarriages of diferent castes ; also
Warma-samkara.
SANKARA, or SANKARACHARwA,S.&c.(शंकराचाय्यै) The name
of a celebrated teacher and reformer who lived about the
eighth century, and founded adominant sectof Saivateachers,
especially in the south of India, where the heads of many
maths or monasteries, as at the great establishment of
Sringagiri, are still termed Sankardicharis, or Samkaraः
charyas ः the designation Sankaracharं is also laxly ap
plied to one of the two divisions of Brahmfans which pre
wail in some parts of Telingana.
SANKHA, vernacularly, SANKH, or SHUNKH, S. &c. (शंख) The
conch shell (Woluta pyrum) which, when hollowed out, is
used as a lamp before idols, or, when it has one end per
forated, is blown as a horn at worship: it was also used
as the war-horn of the ancient Hindu heroes : it is also
cut into bracelets, called Sagkhd, worn by women, and is
one of the articles always borne by Wishnu.
Sighh4ri, Beng. (श्fi*थiर्द्री) Ashell cutter.
SANKHOL, Thug. A party of three travellers.
SANKHOT, (?) H. A share in the profits of a business.
Samkhot-gumdshta, H. (ं-५५%) A factor or agent with a
share in the concern he acts for.
SASKRANTi, vernacularly, SANKRANT, and SANKRAT, S. &c.
(संक्रान्ति) The passage of the Sun or other planetary body
from one sign of the Zodiac to another.
SANKU, S. &c. (शंकुः) The pin or gnomon of a dial : also
the cross used in land surveying.
SANNwAsi, S. &c. (संन्यासी) The Hindu of the fourth order,
who has renounced the world and lives by mendicancy ः
the term is now applied to a variety of religious mendi
cants, some of whom wander singly about the country sub
sisting on alms, or are occasionally collected in, maths
under a spiritual head : the Sammydst is most usually a
worshipper of Siva.
SAN0RIA, (?) H. The name of a class of depredators in Bun
delkhand, living together in willages, and making armed
excursions in gangs to rob and plunder, but they do not
kill : they are patroniZed by the several Rajas of the dis
tricts in which they dwell, especially those ofTeluri, Dattia,
and Danpi4r.
SANSARi, vulg., SUNGsAREE, S. &c. (संसारी, from संसारं, the
world) Worldly, a man of the world, the member of a re
ligious or mendidant order who has a wife and family.
`ANSKARA, S. (संस्कार) Making, perfecting : an essential cere
403
SAN
mony of Hindu initiation, held indispensable to constitute
the perfect purification of a Hindu: these ceremonies, which
are principally oblations to fire, or customary offerings to
idols, are restricted to the three first castes, and are guite
inappropriate to the mixed castes,but in practice they are,
in part at least, observed by all castes abowe the lowest.
The number enjoined by authority is ten, or at most twelve,
but in different parts of India others are added, extending
them to seventeen : l. Garbluddhdma, worship on the first
sign of conception, sometimes on a woman's attaining
maturity ; 2. Pumsagama, worship to secure the birth ofa
male child performed at the expiration of the third month of
pregmancy, or on signs of witality in the embryo ; Ama
oalobhama, a ceremony performed among the Marathas on
the third month : it is much the same as the preceding, but,
as the term implies, is intended to obviate miscarriage (am,
not, acalobhama, disappointment) ; 4. Simantommayama,
parting of the hair on the head of a pregnant female in
the 4th, 6th, or 8th month of a woman's first pregnancy ;
ā. Wishmubali, a sacrifice to Wishnu on the 7th month of
pregnancy, apparently peculiar to the Marathas; 6. Jaita
karma, ceremonies at birth, comprising the putting some
ghee out of a golden spoon into the mouth of the infant
before cutting the navel-string; 7. Namakaranam, naming
the child on the I0th, IIth, I2th, or 10lst day after birth ;
8. Wislikramanam, taking the child out of the house when
three months old, or to see the moon in the third light
fortnight ; 9. Stiryduilokamam, taking the child out to see
the Sun when four months old : this is much the same as
the preceding, and both are rarely observed ; 10. Amma
prdsama, feeding the child for the first time with rice,
usually in the sixth or eighth month ; II. Karmagedha,
boring the ears, but this is not always practised; 12. Chaidaं
orChtil4-karanam, orsimply Chaud6, vermacularly, Chaara,
or Chaula, the ceremony of tonsure, shaving the head all
but one lock, which is the Chadd or crest ; it should be
performed in the first or third year, and not delayed beyond
the fifth, although this is sometimes disregarded ; I8. Upa
nayana, investiture with the sacrificial thread, which is
worn ower the left shoulder and under the right arm, cross
ing the body to the hip ; this is the most important cere
mony of the whole, constituting the second or spiritual
birth of the three first castes, thence termed Dicija, twice
born : for a Brahman it should be performed in the 8th।
year from conception, and not be delayed after the I0th;
 SAN
for the Kshatriya in the IIth year, and for the Waisya in
the l2th, and is not to be later than the 22d and 24th
severally ः in practice, however, the Brahman is the only
one of the three original castes remaining, and the only
one entitled to the characteristic thread, although it is as
Sumed without due warrant by some of the mixed castes;
I4. Sdipitrā-mahdndimya, the ceremony of investiture ac
companied by the repetition of the Gdiyatrt which properly
it always should be, but in some places this is considered
as a different ceremonial, to be performed four days after
the Upanayana; 1छे. Sam4carttana, the ceremony per
formed on the student's completion ofhis studies and return
home ; I0. Wiodha, marriage; 17. Snºarg/trohama, ascend
ing to heaven, funeral ceremonies; of these, however, the
third, ninth, eleventh, fourteenth, and fifteenth, are either
local, or are mere modifications ofother ceremonies, leaving
them only twelve, and, by excluding the boring of the ears,
and the funeral obseguies, which can scarcely be looked
upon as purificatory, the number is reduced to the cor
recter one of ten : women have only the Sanskdra of
marriage. Sitdras perform most of them except the Upa
maj/ama, Sticitri, and Samdoarttanam, but with different
prayers and observances.
SANSRISIITA, S. &c. (संमृष्ट:) Re-united, as a family, or any
member of it who, after having been separated and had
his share of the property, brings it back again, and is once
more a joint parcener in the family stock.
Sagsrish{? S. &c. (संमृष्टी) A member of a re-united family,
one who continues to reside with his coheirs after partition.
SANSTIIANA, S. &c. (from सम्, together, and स्यान, place,
abiding) A common abode, a place where many persons
dwell together, a palace, a monastery, a neighbourhood.
Mar. (संस्यान), corruptly, Sannastham, Sucustham, Somcu
sthan, a town, a royal town or capital, also a place sup
posed to be the scene of the manifestation of a deity, or
sanctified by the residence of celebrated teachers or saints ः
a town or place made ower for the especial maintenance
of some deity or religious community ; the site of any event
considered deserving of religious commemoration. Beng.
(जंनुन) A collection of goods or money, stock, capital.
SANT, Mar. &c. (S. संत) A holy man, a religious mendicant.
SANTA, Tel. (ं७० ँ), SANTE, Karn. (*००े), SANTAI, Tam.
(EP प्र०ुत्र), SANT, GuZ. (*tu००1) A market, a fair, an as
semblage for the sale of goods, also in Gu८., land-tax as
seSSment.
404
SAN
SANTA, Hindi (सतिा) Sugar-cane.-Mherwara.
SANTAR, Uriya (१9१) A mark, a signature.
SANTAN, H. (A. ७७…) Circumcision.
SANTANA,SANTATI, S. &c. (संतानं, संतति) Offspring, progeny,
descendants.
SANTH, Mar. (सोँठ) A collection, a store.
S4nthmoam, Mar. (सोँठवण) A place or vessel in which any
thing is kept, a garner, a bin, a repository.
Santhicapi, Mar. (साँढवणी) A collection of still or stagnant
water.
SANTH, Thug. A sword.
SANTf, GuZ.(२tu०८{l) A measure of land either 60 or 90
Wijas"or Bighas; each being I60 yards by I0.
SANTI, pron. vernacularly SHANTI, S. &c. (शान्ति) Calm, Guiet,
expiation, preliminary or Supplementary sacrifice.
Santi.jal, Beng. (*ीडिञ्जल) Water from a sacred stream
used in worship, holy water.
Santikarma, S. &c. (शान्तिकम्मै) Any purificatory or expia
tory sacrifice intended to deprecate or avert calamity ः a
Supplementary Sacrifice intended to atone for any defects
in the primary ceremony .
SANTosHAPATrf, Mar. (संतोषपट्टी) A cess levied upon the
cultivators by a Rāja or Zamindar, on an occasion of re
joicing', as the birth of a son, &c.
SANwAK, corruptly, SAw UK, SAUNK, SAUNKIA, SUNKIA, and
SANKIA, Hindi (सविक) A slave, in Chota Nagpur : there are
three classes ; the Sdnmcak, who is hereditary ; the Bandha
Sdimmoak, a slave for life, but whose children are not slaves;
and the Chatta Sttnmcak, a slave for debt under a written
bond, In the districts bordering on Chota Rangpur, or
Ramgarh, HaZaribagh, &c., the Sdmmak is described as
one who becomes a slave for life on receiving a certain
Sum of money, and who cannot redeem himself by repay
ment of the original advance : according to other autho
rities he may redeem himself, but is seldom able to do so.
The Stinmoaks are generally from the low or outcaste hill
tribes.
Sainnal-ndmd corruptly, Saunk-mdmd, Hindi (सांवकनामा)
A written obligation by which a person borrowing money
bound himself and sometimes his family, to be slaves for
life, or until the debt was repaid.
SANwERI, (?) Mar. Pure black soil, free from gravel.
SANwoGi, vernacularly, SANJoGi, S. &c. (संयोगी) A religious
man who leads the life of a householder, or has a wife
and family.
 SAP
SAPATNf, S. &c. (सपानी) A fellow-wife, the wife of a man
who has others, but especially any other than the one first
married.
SAPATHA, S. &c. (शपय) An oath, an imprecation.
Sapatha-patra, S. &c. (शपथपच) An affidavit.
SAPHAI, Uriya (ंlघrl2२, from A. ५-9५०, clean) Clean salt
boiled to a certain point.
SAPHARf, GuZ. (*t५{\, from the A. safar, a journey, also
GuZ. a voyage) A sailor ; a ship : maritime or foreign
trade from all countries beyond the Gulph of Cutch.
SAPfNA, or sometimes SAFf NA, H. &c. (***५~, &ं-) A like : a person holding such assignments.
Summons, a subpoena.
SAPINDA, S. &c. (सपिण्ड, from सं, together, पिण्डं, a ball of
rice or meat) A kinsman connected by offerings of balls
of rice or of meat to common ancestors ; the affinity ex
tends to three individuals only in descent from the common
ancestor : some authorities extend it to sewen persons in
both the ascending and descending line.
SAPTAPADf,and SAPTAPADf-KRAMANA,Mar. (S. सप्तपदी, सप्तः
पदीक्रमणं, from सप्न, seven, पद, a foot, and क्रमणं, walking)
An essential part of the marriage ceremony, the bride'sbeing
led Seven steps round the sacred fire.
SAR, SUR, H. &c. (P. x५, सर) The head, also, metaphorically,
chief, principal ः (the word is used very extensively in most
of the dialects in forming compounds to intimate superiority
or comprehensiveness, andhasbeen ingeneral very corruptly
rendered by Ser, Sir, or even Cir, as will be seen below,
but SIR is also sometimes the correct reading in the Hindu
dialects, the word being derived from the S. Siras (शिरम्)
the head in general: however, the Persian derivation through
the Hindustani is to be preferred.
Saranjam, Surunjam, corruptly, Sarunjam, Serinjam, Sa
rinjam, H. &c. (P. 'ं) , सरंजाम) Apparatus, provisions,
furniture, materials, what is essential to any undertaking:
amongst the Marathas it was applied especially to a tem
porary assignment of rewenue from willages or lands for
the support of troops or for personal military service, usually
for the life of the grantee ; also to grants made to persons
appointed to civil offices of the state to enable them to
maintain their dignity, and to grants for charitable pur
poses : these were neither transferable nor hereditary, and
were held at the pleasure of the sowereign. They were dis
tinguished as Jait Saranjdm (from .jait, individual), when
Personal, and Plantj Saranjdm (from phauj for fa५j, an
army), when for keeping up troops.
46्छ
SAR
Saranj4m-ddr, Mar. (P. ु'e, who has) The holder of an
assignment for purposes specified.
Sardinjdmi, corruptly, Serinjammj/, H. (.~～''~) Relating
or belonging to apparatus, materials, means of support, &c.
In Bengal, under the Mohammadan government, the term
was applied to allowances sometimes granted or admitted
as deductions for the charges and expenses of collecting
the revenue, or other incidental expenses made to the Za
mindārs or farmers. Among the Marathas; relating to as
signments for public service, as Saranjamā lands and the
Saranjaim1-jahgir, Mar. (जाहगीर् for P.*५-) An assign
ment of revenue for keeping up troops, &c.
Sar-4-pd, H. (५) , lit., head to foot) A complete khilat,
or honorary dress, especially given on appointment to office
by the Mogul government.
Sarasarं,H.&c.(.;9.],॰),Tel.(*००*C) O),Tam.(EPDrrT GPDP)
A summary, a mean, an average, an estimate. Mar. (सरासग्री)
Loosely, carelessly, roughly, as a rough statement or es
timate. In Hindustani the more usual form is Sarsari, g. w
Sardsari-hanihu, Tam. (GPDrrTePDhर्कैeE००ष्ठाफैं5) An ave
rage or rough account.
Sarasarā-merai, Tam. (PDrrTe-DhGLocठ२Dr) Average pro
portion of the crop set apart for the willage officers and
servants. See IIMerai.
Sar-ba-rdh, H. (P. ४]x9-५, lit., head or means for the road,
s),ं) Supply, means of prowiding for charges or expenses.
Sarbardhhdr, corruptly, Sabracar, Serbarrakar, Surber
akar, H. (P. )४, who does) A manager, a steward, a
factor, a trustee : the manager of an estate for minors,
females, idiots, or disgualified proprietors, an officer ap
pointed to such duty by the Court of Wards under the
British government : the manager on behalf of unseparated
coparceners. In Cuttack the title was given to the willage
accountant when he was the general director and manager
of the revenue affairs, being paid by a per centage on the
collections of his willage ; in some cases the office had be
come hereditary but without the right of alienation with
out the permission of the Zaminditr.
Sarbardhkdrः, H. (P. -9४, agency) Management of pro
perty, stewardship, trust.
Sar-daftar, H. (P.Aido, record) Chief record office ः chief
accountant and registrar.
Sar-daftar-dincdni, H. (P. ७'**, revenue minister) The
chief clerk of the office of the Diwan.
6c
 SAR.
Sarbardhhdr patta, H. (Aं, a deed) A deed appointing a
manager or steward.
Sarddr, commonly, but incorrectly, Sirddr, H. &c. 9'e~)
A chief a head man, a commander : the head of a set of
palankin bearers.
Sardar-iःfauj, H. (P. ह-*; an army) Commandant, the title
of the provincial governor or collector when charged with
the duties of Faujdār or commander of the troops: the title
of an Amfldār under the Mohammadan gowernment as head
of the police.
Sardar-4mil, H. (A. U -le) The head Amil or collector of
an extensive district, invested with magisterial and military
authority.
Sardairm{, H. (G'e9॰) A female head of an establishment,
commonly applied to a woman who brings up girls for
prostitution.
Sardesmukh, or Sardeshmukh, incorrectly, Sirdeshmukh,
Mar. (सरदेशमुखं) The head of the Maratha officers termed
-Desmukhs im an extensive district, and standing between
them and the government : see Desmukh : in some places
the title has become hereditary, and even a portion of
the fees attached to the office subsist without any authority
being exercised.
Sardesmukhi, or Sardesmukhi, incorrectly, Sirdesmuhhi,
Mar. (सरदेशमुखी) The office of head Desmukh. The pro
portion of 10 per cent. exacted by the Marathas from the
rewenues of the Mohammadan territories of the Dakhin,
in addition to the chauth : it was originally claimed by
Siodji as head JDesmukh, whence the name, and was con
firmed by Mohammad Shah. In some places it was an im
post of l2र्ष्ट per cent. in addition to the fixed assessment.
Sarhand, incorrectly, Serang, H. (P. ५4-७cox) A com
mander, but generally applied in India to the head man ofa
native crew, whether on board a ship or a boat; also to the
head man of a gang of natives attached to artillery, dragging |
guns, or to the army ingeneral, as tent-pitchers, and the like,
or to the head of gangs ofa superior order of labourers em
ployed in public or private works, in docks, buildings, &c.
Sardespdnde, or Sardesptindya, incorrectly, Sirdespandyc,
Mar. (सरदेशपाण्डमा) The head district registrar and ac
countant. See Despdnde.
Sarfaraxi, H. (P. ५9)ं “) Promotion, exaltation, notice or
favour of a superior.
Sarhad, Surhud, corruptly, Serhud, Sirhad, Surrud, H. &c.
(o-A.) Boundary, border, confines, limit.
4(G0
SAR
Sarhad-bandi, H. &c. (.sAJ५, a binding) Fixing a boundary
by authority.
Sarhad-hdsil, (A. 9-०'-) Frontier duties.
Sar-hdnungo, H. (P. *G, a registrar) A chief kanungo,
the provincial or district. registrar and accountant ः in
Kandesh, a chargeof one per cent. in addition to the revenue
to defray the salary of a head ldnungo.
Sarkdr, more commonly, but incorrectly, Sircar, or Sirhar,
H. &c. 99~ । सरकार, or सर्क्ार, from P. P५ , the head,
and ),४, business), Sarakaru, Tel. Karn. (Kod’s PGO) The
gowernment, the state, the supreme authority or administra
tion : the gowerning authority or administrator of affairs :
the ruler, the king ; now generally applied to the Company's
gowernment, and to any of its civil or political officers: a
landlord, a proprietor, a superintendant, a chief, a manager :
in Bengal it commonly denotes a native servant who keeps
the household accounts and receives and disburses money
for his employer, a sort of house-steward ; also any writer
or accountant. The term likewise signified an extensive
division of country under the Mohammadan government, a
subdivision of a Stibah, containing many parganas ; a dis
trict, a province : (in this sense it has been usually, though
incorrectly, written Circar, as in the case of the Northern
Circars.)
Sarkdr-ddli, H. (A' ं99~)The high court, the chief au
thority, the government, the wiceregal establishment of the
Nawab of Bengal t a Jagir or assignment to defray the
expenses of the Nawab household was so termed (incor
rectly Circar Ali).
Sarakdrada-hdni, Karn. (ं७७००ॐष्ठं) Public money,
the money of the state.
Sarakarada-kacheri, Karn. (36ठाढॐ68a#6) Any go
vernment office.
Sarkardlidrd, Mar. (सर्क्ारधारी) Assessment or taxes imposed
by the state on real property.
Sarkdrf, incorrectly, Sirkdri, H. &c. (.99~॥ सरकारी)
Relating or belonging to the gowernment, or to any superior
authority.
Sarhdrā-patit, Hindi (सरकारीपतितं, from S. patita, fallen)
ILand left uncultivated for more than two years, and then
claimable by the landlord or the government : all lands
lying waste, and not included in the assessment.
Sark(tri-nra:{fa, II. (A. Aं8}, an allowance) Allowances
or assignments or pensions granted by gowernment.
Sarkar-liharab, Mar. (सरकारखराष, from P. ५--'A-, bad)
 SAR.
Lying fallow or uncultivated in the hands of the govern
ment, land, &c.
Sarkhat, Surkhut, corruptly, Sirkut, H. (A. P. kas9.) A
written agreement, a receipt, a bill of sale, a deed of lease:
a note of acknowledgment from the government to payers
of the revenue, bearing tipon it the successive instalments
paid into the treasury.
Mahdjani-sarkhat, H. (from महाजन, a merchant) An ac
knowledgment granted by a banker or merchant for money
deposited.
Sarkhel, Mar. (सरखेल) A title of rank amongst the Mara
thas conferred by the Peshwa (from the P.Sar-lahaild).5-9~,
a general).
Sarkal, Tam. (eणैकैं), Sarinil, Tel (७b30) A
minister, a chamberlain, a major-domo (no doubt the same
as Sarkhel, vernacularly modified),
Surmukh, Mar. (सरमुख) A head or principal chief, the title
of the Holkar family.
Sarnddu-7auda, corruptly, Sirma-gaur, Surnam-gour, Karn.
(ॐ ँणिअॐ97वं) The head tarmer or principal person in
an agricultural district.
Sarndma, H. (&८७)॰) Direction, address, superscription,
heading.
Sarmaubat, Mar. (सरनीबत, from P. ५“-५; , a kettle-drum)
The highest military officer under the Peshwa : also the
gowernor of a fort, or of a part of it.
Sarnisbat, Mar. (सरनिसबत) An officer under the former
government one under the Hawildār also superintending
public works.
Sar-0-pd, corruptly, Sirpao, Serpamu, H. (५9x~～ lit; hand
and foot) A complete dress of honour.
Sarpanch, H. (ंxx) The president of a Panchdit.
Sar-pitil, Mar.(सरपाटील) The head man of a district, the
chief Patil: it applied also to a sort of petty Zamindār,
or an officer who superintended the assessment and collec
tion of the rents of a district, and received a per centage
on their realisation.
Sar-parast, H. (P. ५--~9:, protecting) A patron, a pro
tector, a guardian.
Sar-rishta, more commonly, but less correctly, Sarishta, or
*५risht५, corruptly, Serishta, Sherista, and Sherishtah,
H. (ं99“; from P. 9५ and A5-9, a line or thread, also
*3x) A record, a register, office, employment ः an office
of registry or record: it is sometimes, but inaccurately, used
for the officer. See Sarrishtaddr.
467
SAR.
Sirastd, Uriya (ी6२६,) Establishment.
Sirast4, or Sirist4, Mar. (शिरस्ता, fशरिस्ता) Practice, custom
(it is of course the H. Sarrishta).
Sarrishtad4r, or Sarishtaddr, H. 9leं9x०,ुleं9~ं)
Siraste-, Siriste-d4r, Mar. (शिरस्तदार्, शिरिस्तेदारं) A regis
trar, a record keeper, applied especially to the head native
officer of a court of justice or collector’s office, who has
the general superintendence of the establishment and charge
of the public records and official documents and papers :
it formerly denoted the head provincial or district hdnungo
or a head officer of the Amil, exercising a ।superintending
and controlling power ower the other district registrars and
accountants.
Sarrishtah-i-4mdnat,H.(A.५“-4Lal,trus) In Bengal, under
the Mohammadan and early British rule, an office for the
examination and adjustment of disputed and outstanding
accounts, particularly those of officers dismissed or charged
with embeZ2lement or undue exactions.
Sarrishtah-dingdmi, H. (P. ७'*e) The office of Diwān, or
collector, also the expenses of his office, including his own
allowances. _
Sirasta-batta, Mar. (from बट्टा, exchange) A cess levied by
the Peshwa's collectors on the cultiwators, to cover the risk
of loss on the exchange of different currencies at the trea
Sury at Pitnah.
Sarsail, Mar. (सरसाल, from P. J५“ , a year) A whole year,
for or during a whole year, as Sa?’-8al-jam4-hharch, the
year’s account of collections and charges.
Sarsdl4, or Sarsali, Mar. (सरसाला, -साली) Belonging or
relating to a whole year, as receipts, charges, &c.
Sarsart or Sarasari, H. (P. .999“ , ५9“]~) Easy, loose,
transacted loosely or concisely, summary.
Sarsari-dpil, H. (U५:", Eng.' appeal ) A summary appeal.
Sarsarāःfaisala, H. (A. Al-4g) Summary decision, or
nonsuit.
Sarsarā-muhaddama, H. (A. &०5-॰) A summary suit.
Sar-shikam, H. (P. ७**9-५, lit., breaking of the head or
capital) A grant of revenue in charity, or to willage officers,
made under the Mohammadan gowernment by the Zamin
dārs or fiscal authorities : it was so termed because the
land So appropriated was taken in small lots from dif
ferent holders : the tenure was peculiar to the prowince
of Bahar. In Tirhut it signifies a rent-free tenure : (ac
cording to Buchanan's ' Eastern India,’ wol. I. p. 8II, it
derived its name from its being granted to the families of
 SAR
Zamindars who had lost their lives in the public service, but
this seems doubtful).
Sar-shikam-mahdl, H. (A. J'~e) A rent-free estate.-Tirhut.
Sar-shumdri H. (from P. ५.9५-*, a counting) A census,
a poll-tax.
Sarsubhedir, corruptly, Sirsoobeedar, Mar. (सरमुभेदा) An
officer of the Maratha gowernment superior to the IM4m
latddr.
Sarsamin, corruptly, Sarjamin, H. (P. JAs;, land) Boun
dary, limit, tract of country.
Sarjamin-talikihat, Uriya (ंl6a११६६०1०|६) Local in
westigation.
SARA, corruptly, SARRA,Mar. (सारा), also with DoRA, pleonasm,
SARADoRA, (सारादीरा) A tax on fields and enclosures,
land-tax.
SARA, H. ()'~, from शयाल) A wife's brother, a brother in law.
SARAD, or SARAT, S. &c. (शरद् -त्) The season of Autumn,
the two months following the rains, or about Sept.-Oct.
SARADAR, Uriya (gl6.६9.) Land of the first guality.
SARAf, H. (P. ५.s!“) A palace, a large edifice, a building for
• the shelter and accommodation of travellers, usually a guad
rangle surrounded by low chambers opening internally,
and backed by a dead wall, the sduare, in the centre of
which are the heavy luggage and beasts of burden, being
entered by a gateway, the gate of which is closed at night ः
an inn, a caravanserai.
Sardi-nakfi, H. (from A. c*;) An endowed sardi, the
maintenance of which is provided for by an endowment,
and accommodation in which is gratuitous.
SARAio, corruptly, SURREIwo, GuZ. (*(२४२ ।) A druggist,
a perfumer.
SARAK, H. (५-9~) A road.
Sarak-bandi, H. (.*ं,~) A high road or common way,
as distinguished from a cross road or bye-way.
SARA K, or SARIK, SARAKA, or SARIRA, also read SARKA,
and, incorrectly, SERKA, H. (A. c9~, ं,~) Larceny, theft,
defined, in Mohammadan law, as the taking away secretly
of the property of another at a time when it is, or sup
posed to be, in security, or under charge.
Saralia, or Sarika, or Sarka-ā-sudhra, H. (A. ४,*.०, small)
Petty larceny, theft without wiolence.
Saraka, Sariha, or Sarha-ā-kubra, H. (A. 9**, great) Theft,
or robbery with violence.
SARARU, Tam. (GDrवैः(Gy), SARUKU, Tel. (*०ॐ७ऽं9) Goods,
commodities, merchandise.
408
SAR
SARAI.wwAJ, Mar. (संख्छव्याज) Simple interest.
SARANA, S. &c. (शरण) Asylum, refuge, shelter, protection.
Sarand0ata, S. &c. (शरणागत:) A refugee, a suppliant, one
who comes for protection.
SARANA, Tel. (ॐठश्क्ळ्’) A fine levied upon persons stealing
ears of corn, also on cattle trespassing on corn-fields.
SARANI, Tel. (SC” ॐई०) A sluice, a canal, a drain.
SARANS, blunderingly, SARoUCH, Mar. (सारांशः, from S. सारं,
essence, and चर्मशा, a share) An abstract, an epitome, ashort
statement of proceedings kept by the Panchdat, and, at the
close, signed by each member.
SARAP, H. (S. ५-''~) A curse, an imprecation, an oath.
SARAPAT,Uriya (ंl6.9|8) Marshy land (ofa better description).
SARAS-NIRAS, H. (Uं9ंU9०, from S. रस, flavour, and the
particles स with, and निर्, without) Good and bad : ap
plied sometimes to distinguish the Guality of a soil, or to
its distribution : the good with the bad.
SARASwATA, wernacularly, SARASwAT, S. &c. (सारस्बत) The
country about the Sdrasmcati river to the north-west of
Dehli: the designation of a tribe of Brahmans subdivided
into ten classes, and supposed to have come originally from
the north-west of India : many of the Sairasmoat Brahmans
cultivateliterature,and they are in general arespectable body.
Sarasicati, S. &c. (सरस्वती) The goddess of letters and arts ः
the name of a river, commonly Sarstttā or Sursootee.
Sarasicati-ptija, S. &c. (from पूजा) The worship of the god
dess Sarasmrati, observed on the छth of the light half of
4arin (Aug-Sept), on which occasion books and the in
plements of writing are held sacred and are worshipped.
SARATHi, corruptly, SARTHEE, S. &c. (सारयी) The driver of
a car, a charioteer : the designation of a mixed caste said
to have sprung from a Kshatriya father and Brahman mother.
SARAwA, or SARwA, Mar. (सरवा) A piece of hill ground
cleared and cultiwated for not longer than a year or two
past ः ground recently reaped.
Sarancebhdt, Mar. (सणवेभात) Rice reared on recently cleared
hill ground.
SARAwA, Karn.(यव999),SARAwAw,Tam.(GrTDrrTu-da)
Any kind of spirituous liduors.
Sardya-guttije, Karn. (येव्यग्व्०७०%8.7ं) A tax lewied
on spirituous liguors.
Sdrdyakdram, Tam. (GrTDrrTu_GeBrTDrॐा) A distiller.
SARBALAND KHAN, Thug. A proper name uttered to direct the
stranglers to be ready, also to denote the approach of danger.
SARBAN, H. (P. ७9'~) A camel driver.
 SAR
SARF, incorrectly, SERF, H. &c. (A. ५-3,०) Expenditure, ex
change : in Mohammadan law, a pure sale, a sale of price
for price, or one in which the articles exchanged are both
representatives of priee, as silver for gold, an exchange of
representative valugs.
Sarf-i-sikka, H. (K~-!) ०) A charge or discount on the
different currencies receivable at the public treasury : an
impost or cess established at one time in Bengal to cover
the loss accruing on exchange of coins.
Sarr4f commonly, Saraf vernacularly, Sardiph, Sarape,
Sardipu, Sardibu, corruptly, Saraff Shar4f Shroff H.
(-#];०), Mar. (सराफ), Tel. (OOP30), Karn. (KGCग्व् ई०,
ॐणवं),००च्छथ्99) A money-changer, a banker, an officer
employed to ascertain the walue of different currencies.
Sarrdifa, H. (A. ५-''~) The place where money is ex
changed, a banker’s, a money-changer’s shop.
Sarr4fi, or Sar4fi, H. (A. JP)~) The business of a money
changer : also, discount on exchange of coins, and fees paid
for examining and valuing different currencies, commonly,
Shraffing, and Shroijage.
SARHU, H. (,ं9५०), SAptj, or SARU, Mar. (सादू) A wife's
sister’s husband.
SARE,SERE, Karn. (ॐठै, छै8) Imprisonment, slawery, bondage,
captiwity.
Sare-bandhdma,Karn. (ॐठैa००८१७) Confinement, imprison
ment.
Sare-mane, Karn. (ॐॐoत्ॐ) A jail, a prison.
Sare-cididatta, Karn. (ॐठै२ं७ॐ3) A captive, a prisoner
of war.
Sare-cidujade, Karn. (ॐठै२ॐ७Xं) Liberation from prison.
SAREHA, Hindi (सरेहा) A narrow field,much longer than broad.
SARI, E, H. &c. (_ं9'~ , S. Sarddha, from स, with, and स्रडॆ,
a half), SADE, and SARE, Beng. (शi८७), SADA, or SARA,
Mar. (साडा, pl. साडे) A half of a unit in addition to any
given number abowe two, whether applied to number,
weight, or value ; as Sdrhe-tin, three and a half, Sarhe
panch-man, five mams and a half Sdrhe-panch-rupaiya,
five rupees and a half or five rupees eight amas : the frac
tion must have reference to the unit in a decimal ratio :
Sarhe-nau-rupaiya would be nine rupees eight amas, but
Sdrhe-das-rupaiya will be fifteen rupees ; so Sarhe-tān
sau, will be 8छ0, Sttphe-tin-hacdr, 8500, Sdrhe-t{n-lakh,
3ं0,000, the half being that of the respective unit.
।*
*_।
। SARHi, or SARf, corruptly, SARRIE, H. &c. (Cं9५“, ५9५“a
S. शाटी), SApf, or SARi, Mar. (साडी) A long cloth worn
469
SAR
by Hindu women, wrapped round the body and passed ower
the head, the only usual attire of the lower classes.
SARI, Tel., Karn. (*००), Tam. (GDh) Egual, right, just, even ;
also, subst., eguality, fitness.
Sarā-bh47amu, Tel. (००य्य’xं99) An egual share.
Sari-m6rai, Tam. (PDT)०La3o०T) Established, proper or
just rights or privileges of individuals.
SARKARA, S. &c. (शक्षैर)ि Gravel, sand, gravelly or sandy soilः
clayed or candied sugar.
SARNA, Hindi (सएना) A spot of land on which trees are not
to be cut (Chota Nagpur).
SARTHA, S. &c. (सापै) A company of travellers or traders, a
kgfila, a carawan.
Sarthacdha, S. &c. (सायैवाह्) A merchant, a trader : the
head of a corporation, the leader of a caravan.
Stirthi, S. &c. (सायीं) A trader, a traveller, one of a com
pany of traders, especially the head or leader of a carawan.
SARU, or SARHU, H. G),५०, 99५) A wife's sister’s husband.
SARUGUDU, Tel. (K०ॐOK०ॐo) A platform on which plants are
placed ready for conveyance to the fields in which they are
to be transplanted. _
SARUKAI, Tam. (Ggplे,०००e) An outlet for the surplus
water of a reservoir, a sluice or flood-gate.
SARUKU, Tel., Karn. (ॐॐ७ऽंO) Goods, commodities, merchan
dise. See Saraku.
SARUvA, Tel. (Gºं93) Asmall bridge over a water-course.
SARUwA, Tel. (SC” ॐ9०ण`) Low ground cultivation.
Sdrucdpanta, Tel. (Geॐ००णं2०&ं) A crop in low wet
ground.
SARUw U, Tel. (SC` ॐ9ं७) A ridge or low bank.
SARwA, S., but adopted in all the dialects, sometimes modified,
as SARBA, Beng., SARvAM U, Tel., and abridged to SAB,
SUB, Hindi (सचै) All, entire, whole.
Sarcadhdr{, S.&c. (सर्व्वेधारी, lit., all.containing) The twenty
second year of the cycle.
Sarcadumbdild, Tel. (७७.९ ँ७०य्ऽreणं) An allotment ofland
entirely rent-free.
Sarudgrdlidramu, Tel. (ं७७० ९&ंग्प्& ँ००) A.. village
granted to Brahmans, entirely rent-free.
Sarca-imamat, Tel. (ंॐॐ.९०००त्ऽांo०, from A. Inam, G. w.)
Land held free of any charge or tax : a grant of the entire
revenues of a willage or tract of land.
Sarcajit, S. &c. (सर्व्वेजित् , lit., all-wictorious) The twenty
first year of the cycle, A.D. 1828-1888.
Sarcamdniyam, or Sarramdnyum, Tam. (e ºr6-LarTCº्री
0 D
 SAR.
u-lia) I,and granted in free tenure, or exempt entirely from
payment of revenue or rent to the grantor, whether the
individual proprietor or the gowernment.
Sarcamokhdsa, Tel. (ं७४.S So०*ऽश्य) Land free of all
rewenue charges.
Sarcapanta, Tel. (ॐंऽ*००&3) The first crop of wet land,
the entire crop.
SARvARi, S. &c. (शाचैररी) The thirty-fourth year of the cycle.
SARwAtj, SARwAftj, GuZ. (२,२५t१, २{२.१u४ १) Monthly
or yearly balance : sum total ः summing up of accounts.
SAS, or SAsU, H. &c. (C~५“ , from S. श्वश्रूं) A mother in law.
SASA, pl., SASALU, Tel. (ॐeo) Grains of rice mixed
with turmeric or other colouring ingredients, and used on
auspicious occasions, as at marriages, when a basket con
taining the mixture is sewerally placed before the bride and
bridegroom, and each in succession casts some ower the
head of the other : the ceremony of thus casting the rice.
SAsANAyr, S. &c. vernacularly, SAsAN, or SHAsAN, (शासनं)
Ordering, directing, restraining, punishing, a royal order
or edict, a royal grant, a patent, especially Such as is com
monly engraved on copper plates : a written engagement
or contract, a written deed of any kind ः in Cuttack, a wil
lage held by Brahmans in joint tenancy, either rent-free or
at a guit-rent. Besides its usual imports, it implies in Tam.
(PrTecष्ठाta) An oath ; punishment.
Sasamaoritti, S. &c. (शासनवृति) Maintenance enjoyed under
a written deed or grant.
Sil48dsama, S. &c. (from fशला, a stone) A grant or edict
inscribed on stone.
Timra-84sana, S. &c. (from ताश्च , copper) An edict or grant
inscribed on copper plates.
Dhardsdsana, Karn. (ग्व्यन्यद्धं) A deed or gift of
land, &c.
Krayasdsana, Karn. (S. क्रय, sale) A deed of sale.
SASHTANGA, S. &c. (साष्टाङ्ग, from सं, with, अष्ट, eight, and
चर्षग, limb) Lit., with eight limbs ः an adjunct to words
signifying salutation, as Vamaskdra, Prandma, &c., re
vereatial salutation, address, or prostration, so as to touch
the ground with the eight parts of the body, the two hands,
two feet, two knees, the breast, and the forehead..
SASTHi, (?) Mar. Land paying to government the maximum
assessment (there is no doubt some blunder in the spelling
of this word),
SASTRA,vulgarly,SHASTRA, corruptly, SHASTER,S. &c. (शास्त्रं)
An order or command, a scripture, a work of authority,
470
SAT
especially one attributed to an inspired writer : when used
with a word implying the subject treated of, it may denote
either a single work of the class, or the writings collec
tively ; thus, a JDharma-84stra may imply the code of
Manu, or any work of authority on the laws and the in
stitutes of the Hindus, whilst the JDharma-sastra, means
the whole science of law, and the body of the social in
stitutions: the word is also used generally for any literary
or Scientific composition, or for any branch ofinvestigation.
Sastri, vulgarly, Shastree, S. &c. (शास्त्री) A man of learn
ing, one who teaches any branch of Hindu learning, an
expounder of Hindu law.
SASUR, or SUSAR, H. O…), SASARA, or SASUR, Mar. (सासरा,
सामुग्), SwAsUR, Beng. (युर्भूत), SwAsURA, S. (श्वसुर) A
father in law, whether of the husband or wife.
Sasre, Mar. (सास्रे) The house of a husband’s father.
Sisurc4s, Mar. (सामुरवास) The residence of a married girl
in the house of her husband’s father : the annoyance she
Suffers there.
Sasurodं, or S4surodsin, Mar. (सामुवाशौण्) A young
married woman living in the house of her husband’s pa
rents, and proverbially treated with great harshness.
SASwA, S. &c. (शस्य:, सस्य) Grain or corn in general, as wheat,
barley, rice, &c. : also fruit.
Sasyalishetra, S. &c. (शस्यक्षेच) A corn-field.
SASwATABERIJU,Tel.,Karn. (Goंऽॐ व्5eeeं, from S.शाशवत ,
perpetual, and P. 6)ं । an account) The perpetual assess
ment of lands, an established willage assessment.
Sasmoatapatti, Karn. (ळब्)ंऽॐं) A permanent grant.
SATA, SATI, Karn. (त्येव् ं, त्येव्9&3) adj. Like, Similar : subst.
barter, exchange.
Sattdiberama, (ंGo&ऽष्ळऽऽ०७,
Sditdhotiberamu, Tel.
०Geex_rST&3व्ॐ ँOO) Barter.
Satoglotem, Mar. (सोर्टलोट) Traffic by exchange, barter ;
whence intermarrying in two families.
S4tibdra, Karn. (येव्&3ं) Bartered merchandise.
Sttt10dr, Karn. (त्येव्&37त्वं) Abarterer, a trader, a merchant.
Sitiryāpāra,Karn.(त्यंव्व्8ंश्व्ॐ)Bartered merchandise.
SATANI,orSATALI,Tel., Karn.(G 9ं२, G 9'९?)The name
of a caste, or an individual belonging to it ः the S4tainis
are Sttdras exclusively worshipping Vishnu, and living
chiefly on alms, but practising music.
SATEN, Mar. (सोर्ट), SATUN, GuZ. (*tu &*) A whole invest
ment, the whole Guantity brought to market by one person :
buying up such an investment, or a bargain to purchase it.
 SAT
Satekhat, or Satepatra, Mar. (साटेखत, साटेपच) The deed
or writing which is executed on the purchase of a whole
investment. Satakhat, Gu2. (*tu८UNºt०1) A written en
gagement to purchase goods or lands within a specified
time : a written contract of sale, any written agreement.
SATHA, Thug. The first seven days of an expedition.
SATHANA, Tel. (ंश्*त्ऽग्) A fine inflicted on persons stealing
ears of corn.
SATHi, H. (L*५, S. षष्टि, sixty) A kind of rice ripening in
the rains about sixty days after Sowing.
SATHiA, H. (५े.),SATHio, Gu2. (*tuथttश्tu) A figure made
by Hindu women in place of a signature to written deeds ः
a kind of figured cross prefixed to account books, and also
formed with flour on the ground at marriages and other
festivals : a Surgeon.
SATH NA, Thug. A Mohammadan.
SATHOT, Thug. The person whose office it is to strangle the
wictims.
SATHZAT, Thug. The seven original clans of the Thugs, who
were all Moliammadans.
SATi, corruptly, SUTTEE, S. &c. (सती, fem. of सत्, good) A
virtuous wife, especially one who consummates a life of
duty by burning herself on the funeral pile of her husband,
either with the body, or Separately if her husband have
died at a distance.
Satāmcdr, H. 9';:J~) The place where a widow has been
burned, sometimes marked by a peculiar monument.
SATIN, Beng. (जउिन्ग्) A co-wife, expressing the relationship
of a man's different wives ; each is said to be Satin to the
other.
SATRAR, Beng. (*उदश्र, from शत , a hundred) Land yielding
a good return for seed sown.
SATKARf, H. (S. ५.9ं…) One who burns the dead.
SATMASA, H. (U~५**~, from S. सप्तः , seven, and मास, a month)
A feast given in the seventh month of pregnancy : a fee
paid at that period to the kāgi : the word occurs also Sat
rcasa (५);.), and Saticansa (५);…), in the same sense,
as also in that of a Seven-month’s child.
SATyri, Gu2. (*tct*tl) A bill of lading.
SATo, Gu2. (*t2u) A time bargain, speculation in opium
and other articles, a gambling transaction.
SATPHIRI, H. (.9***॰) Seven turns round the sacrificial
fire : the ceremonial of marriage, observed sometimes at the
season of betrothal, but not held to bar Subseduent union
with another party.
471
SAT
SATRA, Mar. (S. सत्र), Karn. (ॐडै)), SATTRAM, Tam. (eछै
'ंठीDib), SATRAM U, Tel. (ॐॐॐ००) Sacrifice, oblation :
liberality, giving alms, distribution of food to Brahmang
and mendicants ; the place or building where it is so
distributed: in Tel. and Tam. also, a choltrः for travellers ः
in Karn., also, a house, an edifice, as Dharmasatra
( ँoF-्ॐउँ), a court-house.
SATRASALA, Mar. (सचशाला, from S. शाला, a hall), SATRA
5ALE, Karn. (ंॐॐळळ)ठै) A building or apartment in which
food is distributed to Brahmans and mendicants ः in some
places, a house erected by the high road, and endowed by
charitable persons for the gratuitous supply of food, and
sometimes lodging, to travellers : it is usually in charge
of and managed by, a Brahman : (the building, as well
as the act of distributing the food, is also termed in Mar.
and Karn. Ammachhatra, or Ammasatra, from S. amma,
food).
SATSU DRA, Mar. (सतशूद्र, from S. सत्, good) A Sttdra who
has gone through the purificatory ceremonies of the higher
castes : a common term for a cowherd or a barber, who
are considered to be of a better class of the servile tribes.
SATTA, or SATHA, (?) H. An engagement to supply articles
or grain, &c., on consideration of specified advances (it is
perhaps the same word as the next, with a local modifica
tion of meaning).
SATTA, Mar. (सट्टा) Mercantile traffic, exchange of money.
SATTATHAwAN, Tam. (Grrछैट्ठrrट्ठ6uठैी) A Waishna ca of a
particular order, in the south of India ; one who does not
wear a lock ofhair on the crown of his head, nor the Brah
manical cord : all distinctions of caste are said to be dis
pensed with, and the sect is accused of holding their women
in common : the Stittdthacar are to the Waishnacas what
the Wira Saicas are to the Saicas; they follow chiefly the
occupations of flower-sellers and minstrels, or are wagrants
and mendicants. " "
SATTU, SUTroo, also SATऎA, H. &c. ७*५, l;.५, S. सनुं)
Grain parched and ground to flour, Sometimes mixed with।
pease, and usually eaten made into a paste with water.
Sati4-8ankrdnt, H. (--"AG५~';~) The day of the sun's
entrance into Aries, when a meal of parched grain is pre
Brahmansः
sented to
SATrt K, H. (A. ५4-'; ) Base money, money much alloyed.
SATU, Karn. (ve॰9) Change given to one person to pay
money for another.
SATwARf, GuZ. (*(ct०५॥ंl) A caste of Hindus employed
 SAT
as gardeners and cultivators of garden produce : a man
of that caste.
SATwOTTARA, S. (सत्योन्वरं) A kind of answer in a suit, ad
mission of the truth of the charge.
SAUBHAGwA, S. &c. (सीभाग्य) Good fortune, prosperity, hap
piness ; wermacularly, any ornament that may be worn by
a woman whose husband is living
Saubha//acat{, Mar. (S. सौभाग्यवती) A prosperous woman,
that is, one whose husband is living.
Saubhd//ardnd, and Saublid///acdyana, Mar. (S. सौभाग्य
वाणा -वायन) An offering of articles of the toilette by mar
ried women to Brahmans and their wives, for the sake of
procuring coutinued prosperity t an offering of cocoa-nuts
and other articles to a Brahman and his wife at a mar
riage, to procure prosperity for the new-married couple.
SAU HAGIN, or SoHAGIN, H. (७*५~, for सीभागिनी) A woman
whose husband is living.
SAUCHA, S. &c. (शौच) Purity, cleanness, ceremonial purifi
cation after having been rendered unclean by any cause,
as personal defilement, the death ofa relative, and the like.
Sauchdichdra, S. &c. (शौचाचार:) Rules of purification.
SAUDAGAR, H. &c. (Alex~, from P. lex~, trade) A mer
chant, a trader.
Saudd0ari, corruptly, Sauda//ree, H. (APle;“) Trading,
trafficking, the business of a merchant.
Sauddpatra, Beng. (८ञ्जेीफ्रांश्रज) A written agreement to
deliver goods to a purchaser on specified terms.
SAUDAwIKA, S. (सौदायिकं, from सु, good, and दाय, portion)
Property derived from kindred as an affectionate gift ः the
property which a man receives with his wife : the property
given to a woman, by her kindred, or her husband at the
time of her marriage, becoming her exclusive right.
SAUDRA, S. &c. (शौद्र:) Relating or belonging to a Stidra or
the Stidra caste, the son of a Sttdra woman by a man of
either of the three superior castes.
SAUGAND, H. (Aं;~) An oath.
SAUKAIR, vernacular corruption of SAII UKAR, ५. v. H. 9४}~)
A banker.
SAULU, Karn. (यध१०) Fullers earth : adj, brackish.
Saulujipu, Karn. (यध१०ं)) Earth salt.
Saulum८annu, Karn. (येद्ध१०००:१०) Earth used for making
salt, also by washermen for bleaching.
SAUR,Thug. One who escapes from the attempt to strangle him.
SAUT, H. (५-2;~, सौत, from S. सपानी) A companion wife,
any one married subseGuently to the first.
472
SAW
Sautel4, H. (!ं;~) Sprung from a different wife, as Sau
tela-blidi, a brother by a different mother.
Sdicatra, Sautra, Mar. (सावच) Sprung from, or relating to,
a rival wife : used only in composition, as Saiutra-dit
(सावचखाई), a half-mother, Satutra-bhda: (सावचभाञ्जग्), a half
brother, that is, by the same father but different mother.
SAwA, S. &c. (शव) A dead body.
Sacasddhana, S. &c. (from साधनं, means) A magical rite
performed while seated on a dead body.
SAvADI, Tam. (G* IT6-J9-) A building for the accommodation
of travellers, a chaultrā, a sardi.
SAwARAstU, or SAvARAyr, Tel. (G*ॐ ँ99, from P.29५-,
a certain measure of land) An allotment of land, or of the
government revenue derivable from it, assigned by the Mo
hammadan gowernment to the Zamindārs or other revenue
officers as their personal compensation ः it is also explained
as that part of the Zamindarf which the Zamind:ir re
tained in his own hands.
SAwARNA, vernacularly, SABARNA, corruptly, SABURN, S. &c.
(सवणै) Of or belonging to the same caste or clan.
SAwAsA, or SAwAsA, Mar. (सवाशा) A tribe of Brahmans, or
an individual belonging to it.
SAwAsis, Mar. (सवाशीण, corruption of Sarasin) A woman
whose husband is living.
SAwEDHABHoGAM, S. (सवेधभोगं) Possession or occupation
that is disputed.
SAwI, less correctly, SHAwEE, or SHAwEE, Tam. (GrTeuी)
Blighted corn, grain withered for want of moisture.
SAwISTAR, Hindi &c. (S. सविस्तर) Circumstantial, detailed
an account, a statement, &c.
SAwITRi,S. &c. (साविची) The same as theGayatri,or most holy
verse of the Weda, a short prayer addressed to Savitā, or the
Sun, whence its name, and the repetition of which is an es
sential part of the ceremony ofinvestiture with the Brahman
ical thread ; hence it sometimes implies the rite ofinitiation.
SAwwAJ, Mar. (सव्याजं) Pearing, or united with, interest : what
includes the interest accumulated with the principal ; any
account a total, what bears interest, a loan, &c.
SAwA, (?) H. A well.-North-west provinces.
SAwA, H. &c. (';~, सवI, S. सं, with पादं, a Juarter), Beng.
(*७ग्) A guarter more, with a guarter more, as Sanc4
sau', a hundred and a guarter, or l27.
San’ttt, Samrdia, H. &c. (~''~, ५);~, सवाई), Uriya ({1थ|२)
A ५uarter more, an excess of a fourth, that which is more
by a fourth : interest at a rate of 25 per cent.
 SAW
SAwANIH-NIGAR, or SAwANI HA-NIGAR, corruptly, SAwANA
GAR, SAwANNAH-NEGAR, and SEwANAHNIGAR, H. (A. P.
)ंeb“, from Samºdmih, events, and mijdr, who sees) A
news writer, an intelligencer, also a spy.
SAwAR,or SUwAR, H. &c. 9';“। सवार, मुवार), Beng. (ज७ञांज्ञ)
A rider, a horseman or person mounted, one carried by
any conveyance.
Safrdri, or Sumpdri, corruptly, Seroarry, Sercaur?/, H. &c.
(.9';“ सवारी, मुवारी), also Siodri, Mar. (स्वारी) A number
of persons mounted, especially on state occasions: eguipage,
retinue, cavalcade, a troop of horsemen : what is fit for or
appropriated to riding on, as a riding-horse.
SAwANA, H. (G';~, सवाना) Lands lying farthest from the
willage.
SAwATRA, Mar. (सावच) Sprung from, or relating to, a diferent
wife or mother (S. Sapatni), used only in composition, as
Sdicatra-4ः, (ंसावचस्राई) A half-mother, the wife of a father,
a stepmother.
Sdicatra-bhai, (ंसावचभाज) A half-brother, one by the same
father not the same mother.
SAwABANJAR, (?) (fromUहिं, waste lands) Uncultivated lands
divided into fields.
SAwAGAL-vIR RAwAM.Tam.(Prा LLErr6b6.]ीकैeीco२DLLita)
Inland sale.
SAWANAIRCADAsf, S. &c. (शयनैकादशी) The eleventh of the
light half of the month 4shdrh, or the summer Solstice,
when Wishnu is fabled to sleep upon the serpent Sesha.
SAZi, vernacularly, SAJA, H. &c. (P. ];५, सजो) Punishment,
retribution, retaliation.
Saja-dgh4t, Uriya (glalष्ट|०॥६) Slight wounding.
Sasdical, Su2amgul, Sajdmgal, H. &c. (J}}}“; सजावल) A
native collector of revenueः an officer Specially appointed
to take charge of and collect the rewenue of an estate, from
the management of which the owner or farmer has been
removed ः a land-steward, a bailiff, an agent appointed by
a landowner or lessor to compel payment of rent by
tenants or leaseholders. Ben. Reg. w. l819.
Sa2dmgali, H. (Aु”) The office or function of a Sa2dmgal,
the rights attached to it : an abwab, or cess, imposed under
the Mohammadan gowernment upon Zamindārs to defray
the cost of special native collectors of the revenue.
Sajangalu, Tel. (K3व्ठांॐeo) Restraint placed upon a person
to prewent his escape, or to enforce payment of a demand.
SAZISH, H. (P. U9५“ , from ;'~, making) Conspiracy, col
lusion, confederacy.
478
SEN
Sajulu, Tel. (KGageo, from P. J५“ , making) Labourers em
ployed in the making of salt.
Sf D'H wA, or SHEDH wA, Karn. (ळैeं8) Agriculture, farming.
S6dliyagar, Karn. (ळैeं87त्ळॐ) A farmer, a cultivator.
Sediyamu, corruptly,Shedon’, Tel. (-2ं8ं99) Land pre
pared for ploughing.
SBDI, (?) Beng. Presents of provisions, formerly exacted in
Bengal by the Zamindar and his attendants, when travel
ling, from the cultivators.
SEDIL, or CHEDIL, Tam. (Gel9-60) An apparatus used for
Suspending men, and swinging them in the air in honour
of the goddess Mariamma. See Charaha.
SEGoN, (?) Hindi. A soil of a reddish tint, and containing
gravel, in Bundelkhand.
SBJAR, SHEJAR, Mar. (शेजार) Neighbourhood.
Sdjdri, Shdjdri, Mar. (शेजाग्री) A neighbour.
SEK, SHER, Mar. (शेक) Hire of or remuneration for, the
use of draught cattle.
SEKA, H. (४ं-५, सेका, from S. षिच, to sprinkle) Wheat-fields
watered by wells : watering, irrigation in general.
SEkKustUTrAI,Tam.(Ceेड्ठ७०L&०– , from sekku, an oil
press, and muttai, an egg) An egg-shell filled with oil :
a contribution lewied by the willage proprietors from each
oil-press, and either distributed among them according to
their respective shares, or credited to the fund for willage
expenses.
SBLAGA, Tel. (ळox ) An allowance of grain and other per
५uisites allotted to the hereditary willage Karamam, or ac
countant, in the Northern Sarkārs: a term used by mea
Surers of grain, who call out the numbers of the measures
up to one hundred, and then, exclaiming Selaga, begin a
fresh enumeration from one.
SBLAKyA, Mar. (शेलक्पा) A goat-herd.
SELAwALA NII.AM, Tam. (Gesocusopleotā) Red soil.
SELOD, GuZ. (शietuं) An armed agent: one who levies forced
contributions from the cultiwators in the name of some
military chiefः
SBMA, Karn. (ळैe:O) Hidden treasure.
SKstAHi, Uriya (stlन|६), from the P. sih, three, and mah, a
month) Ouarterly.
SEMBAkAL, Tam. (०etht-lकैerrd) A betel-garden while
the wines are young.
SBN, Beng- (८शन्') A family name borne in Bengal by persons
usually of the medical caste, as Ram-Komol Sen, the author
of the English and Bengali dictionary, and a gentleman
6 E
 SEN
highly esteemed by both the European and native society
of Calcutta for his private worth and public spirit ः he died
in 1848.
SBNA, S. &c. (सेना) An army.
Sen4-khds-khel, Mar. (सेनाखासबेल , from Sena-khds, the
army of the state, and Sar-khel, a commander, dropping
the first syllable) A title conferred by the Peshmoa upon
the Gaikmodr.
Sendpati, corruptly, Semaputtee, S. &c. (सेनापति) A general,
a commander-in-chief, one of the eight great officers of the
Maratha state, a title conferred by the Peshica upon the
Rāja of Berar.
SBNA,H.(U५.) An ofticer who collects the revenue in a village.
SBNDE, Mar. (शंडे) A disease incidental to rice crops.
SENDi, SIIENDi, Mar. (शंडी, from S. fशाखण्ड) The tuft or
lock of hair on the crown of the head left at tonsure.
SENDI, (?) Mar. The offspring of a Maratha Brahman by a
slave girl, who becomes a Brahman in the third generation
(perhaps an error for Senmoi, ५. v.)
SBNDI, Tam. (Ge Bंठी) The sap of the palm, tari.
SBNwA, SHENwA, Mar. (शेणवा, from शेण, dung) A man of
low caste employed as the village scavenger.
SBNwi, SHENwi, Mar. (शेीणवी) A class of Hindus in the
Maratha country who maintain that they are Brahmans,
and wear the characteristic cord, but who are not recog
nised to be so by the other Brahmans, from whom they
differ chiefly in eating fish.
SEPATTANI, incorrectly, SEPATNI, SEPUTNEE,Beng. (८श्ल*ङ्कनि,
from the P. sell, or sih, three) A sub-tenure or lease in
the third degree.
Sepattamiddr, Beng. (८जश्रङ्कनिक्रांतं, from P. 2le, who has)
The holder of land in the third stage of underletting.
SER, commonly, but incorrectly, SEER, corruptly, SAER, H. &c.
(A~, शेर, ८*ङ्ग, from the S. शेटक, Setaka) A measure
of weight, warying in different parts of India, and for dif
ferent articles, but generally reckoned in Bengal at eighty
tolas, or Sicca weight, or as one-fortieth of a mam or
maund: as the fortieth of the former BaZftr maund the
standard Ser was = avoirdupois weight 2 lb. 0oZ. l8.868dr.
and of the Factory maund I lb. 1:}oZ. 19.800dr. In I8:}}}
a slight change was made in the value of the man, thence
known as the 4ngresi or English maund, by which the
proportionate value of the Ser became, in avoirdupois
weight, 2lb. 0oZ. l4.502dr. : the Tamil S6/’ (Geºr) is
reckoned egual to eight palams, while a larger or pakkd
474
SER
sdr (t-lGearTCe r) is egual to 24 palams, See Palam.
On the west of India the Surat Ser is said to be egual
to awoirdupois weight l lb. or I6oZ., and the Bombay Ser
to I:} oZ. only.
Serf, H. &c. (.s,:५५, शेरी) Relating to a Ser : a charge or
fee of one Ser per man : an allowance of one ser per
maund in the division of the crop ः in Marathi, a per
५uisite of about two Sers per maund taken by the Ka
md oisddr, or other government officer, from the grain
brought by the cultivators in payment of the public re
venue when receivable in kind : also the grain which the
officer who supplies the public servants with their allow
ances deducts as his perguisites from every maund.
4dser:, Mar. (स्रडशेरी) Monthly grain given to a servant
for his subsistence : a weight of two and a half sers : a
measure of capacity, or half a payali.
Serina, H. (A५A.) Payment of a ser per man by an here
ditary cultivator in a willage to the proprietary community
of the willage, or Some individual of the community, in ac
knowledgment of the proprietary right ः also a perguisite
or deduction of a like proportion from the estimated pro
duce of the lands claimed by the proprietors on settling for
the revenue.
SER, SHER, Mar. (शेर) Daily food, or grain, or flour, given
to a messenger or labourer.
SBRAwETEB, GuZ. (ंत२ऎवत७) A particular tenure of land.
SPRi, pronounced SHERI, corruptly, SHAIREE, SHEvruErs, Mar.
(शेरी) Arable land originally excluded from the village as
sessment, either as fallen in conseguence of neglect of cul
tivation or forfeiture into the hands of the government,
and managed for its benefit, or such land separated under
some pretext by the great officers of the state, and managed
for their own advantage alone : when the Serā lands were
appropriated by the government they were sometimes rented
to the Māmlatdars at a favourable rate : latterly they were
made over to the Pattls and assessed along with the other
lands of the willage, from which they then ceased to differ,
except in retaining their original appellations.-E. I. Se
lections, iv. (ं2, 60छे. The same word in Telugu। (Tळ6)
is explained in a similar manner to denote land cultivated
by the Ryots on account of the state, paying usually at the
rate ofhalf the nett produce ofordinary cultivation, or one
third of that of garden cultivation : Ser{ land was con
sidered to be of two kinds, I. land lying waste and un
claimed, and 2. land respecting which disputes not admit
 SER
ting of decision had prevailed-Ibid. iw. 740. Ser; is else
where explained to signify the same as Batdi, or the
partition of the produce between the state and the culti
wator ; and again to mean merely ploughed land, or culti
wation in general.
Seri-bd/ं, Mar. (शेरीबाक) The produce of lands cultivated
on account of government.
Sirijrimam, Tel. (ं6७ष्/ं9०) A village, the lands of
which are considered to belong in proprietary right to the
gowernment.
S6ri-luissa, Tel. (from A. &4-, a share) A tenure in the
NiZam’s country by which irrigated or rice lands, the cul
tivator being the owner, pays elewen-twentieths of the pro
duce to the gowernment.
Serikarं, Mar. (शेर्णीकरी) The cultivator oflands belonging
to the state.
Ser{7anān, Mar. (शेर्णीजमीन) Lands the property of the state.
$ERUVE, or SERwE, Karn. (ळैeं७ ं, छै९ॐह-) A company, a
department.
Strutregdr, Karn. (ळैeं७:ं 7त्ब्&) The head of a company
of artisans or workmen.
SPSHA, S. &c. (शेष:) The name of the great serpent sup
posed to uphold the earth on one of his thousand heads,
and to serve as the couch on which Wishnu sleeps during
the rains : also leavings, residue, remainder.
SETH, H. &c. (ं॰) SET, SETf, SETH, SETHf, pron. SHET,
&c., and corruptly, SETTI, SHAITEE, SHUITEE, Mar. (शेट,
शेटी, शेठ, शेठी), SETi, or SETri, Tam. (Geºt-l9-), SETI,
whence the common appellation of a trader from the Co
romandel coast, CHITry, Tel. (ढं), SATTI, or plur. ho
norific, SATTIRU, also SET Tr, Karn. (ं, ॐं०, ॐं)
A merchant, a banker, a trader, a chief merchant ः often
used in connexion with the name as a respectful desig
nation, as Jagat-setll. In some places the Setll, or Sethi,
is the head of the mercantile or trading body, exercising
authority over them in matters of caste and business, and,
as their representative, with the government ः (the different
forms are all from the S. Sreshtha (श्रेष्ठ), best, or chief,
श्रेष्ठी, the chiefof a corporation; also a merchant or banker).
Seti-mahdjam, Mar. (शेटीमहाजन) The chief of the traders
of a town, who presides ower the several heads of trades.
Admati-satti, Karn. (C०९ॐ०&ॐं) A Telugu merchant.
_Lidri-satti, Karn. (ॐ९eं) A fimil merchant.
| Setu, or Chetu, Tam. (Geº--G) Trade, traffic.
`STrA, or SHETyA, Mar. (शेठ्या) A particular officer in a
47छे
SEW
mart or commercial town, having the superintendence and
regulation of the traffic ; in some places the head man of
each description of traders.
SET, pron. SHET, Mar. (शेत, corruption of S. kshetra छेच,
Hindi khet खेत) A field, a piece of cultivated ground, a
standing crop, agriculture, cultivation.
Setar, Shetar, Seticar, or Shetroar, Mar. (शेताड, शेतवड)
The arable land around and belonging to a willage.
Set-, or Shetjana, Mar. (S. गण', a class) Arable lands or
fields collectively.
Set-, or Shet-bhat, Mar. (शेतभात) A comprehensive term for
arable lands, also for the business of husbandry.
Sel1-, or Shetā-bliditā, Mar. (शेतीभाती) A husbandmanः ag।ri
cultural operations : field business.
Set-, or Shet-jamim, Mar. (शेतजमीन) Arable land.
Set-, or Shet-karः, corruptly, Shetkurrie, or Shetcarry, Mar.
(शेतकरी) The owner of a field, a farmerः a husbandman,
a cultivator, any agricultural labourer, whether working for
himself or another.
Set-, or Shet-sdrd, Mar. (शेतसारं) Land-tax.
Set-, or Shet-samadi, less correctly, Shetsummudee, and, cor
ruptly, Shetsundee, Shaitsundee, Mar.(शेतसनदी) One hold
ing a sanad or grant of lands for military service, applied
especially to a local militia acting also as police and as
garrisons of forts : also an assignment or grant of revenue
of land for certain Services ; the assignment, as well as the
office, may be hereditary.
SET, or SETU, H. &c. (S. cº-५५५, सेतु) A bridge, a cause
way, a mound or ridge dividing fields and serving as a
path during their inundation.
SETwARI, (?) Hindi, A greenish-tinted sandy loam.-Bun
delkhand.
SEijTA, (*~ , सेवटप्) A description ofsoil, a mixture of clay
and Sand fit for any crop except rice.
SBv, or SBU, or SHEv, or SHEU, Mar. (शेव) A portion de
ducted from fruit, flowers, or vegetables brought to market,
as a toll or tax ; also termed Se५-mothi, from mut/ti, a
handful, and Seu-satja (शेवसबजी). See Sabei.
SEvA, or, vernacularly, SEwA, or SEBA, or SHEBA, S. &c.
_ (सेवा) Service, domestic service ; also attendance upon am
idol, worship, adoration.
Secaka, vernacularly, Sercak, Sebak, Seik, S. &c. (सेवक:)
Secakudu, Tel. (छै3ऽ०ॐO) A Servant, a slave, a worship
per : a slave of a particular class in Chota Nagpur. See
Sdmngak.
 SEW
Serakapatra, or, vernacularly, Sercakpatra, S. &c. (सेवकपत्र)
A deed or bond by which a person binds himself to ser
vitude either for a term or for life.
Sebdit, or Sebdit, corruptly, Sebaintndmd, Beng. (P. नरiभi)
A deed assigning an endowment or a Share of ancestral
land by the owner on his demise.
Sebdtā, or Semcat{, Sebdit, Sercdit, or, corruptly, Shebait,
Shercait, Shercayat, Beng. (८जदीजैी, ८जदङ्घैिश्) A person
who has the management and superintendence of an en
dowed temple, persons attached to and officiating in a
temple : the term also occurs as that of a person to whom
a share of an ancestral estate has been assigned by the
owner on his demise.
SEvAL,orSHEvAL,Tam.(Geº61-l60)A red soilofthe secondclass.
SKvAL, or SHEvAL, Tam. (Geº6a-l60) Watching corn in a field.
Sacal4l, Sh6cal4l, Tam. (Ge*6u6orT6fr) A watcher in a
corn-field.
SBwwARAM, Tam. (Geº6t-l6urTDrta) A just division of the
produce of a field between the owner and the cultivator.
SrºvvAwru, incorrectly, SHEvrAsr, Tel. (ं938ं99) Culti
vation, ploughed land.
SEwALA, Thug. A fox.
SBw, or SHEw, also read CHEw, Tam. (GeºuLu) A field of
rice-corn : a certain measure of land (?).
Seykal, Sheykal, corruptly, Shaijal, Tam. (Ge LLळैeErT60)
Land which is cultivated, or capable of cultivation.
Seyhdl-karambu, corruptly, Shaigal-carumboo, Tam.
(Geºu-GeºrT6beEDrtal-) Land lying waste though ca
pable of cultiwation.
Se्/kal-tarisu, barbarously, Sey-kaul-turso, Tam. (Geºu-lवैः
errं७gºfle) Fallow or uncultivated land although for
merly cultivated and capable of cultivation.
Punsey, or Punshey, Tam. (-ॐाGeu-) Dry ground, not
artificially watered. See Pum-shai.
SHAB, SHUB, H. (P. ५--~～) Night.
Shab-beddr{, H. (P. ५9' ं, waking) Nocturnal wigil ः
keeping awake at might, especially as a religious exercise.
Shab-ā-bardit, H. (P. A. ५-':५-~ं) A festival observed
on the night of the l4th of the month Shabdin in memory
of deceased ancestors; it is termed the night of record (ba
rit), as an angel is supposed on this occasion to inspect
a register of the conduct of all living persons.
Shab-7asht, H. (P. ५-~ं, going) The night patrol.
Shab-7ashti, H. (P. ५*, a going) Nocturnal procession,
especially of a marriage : keeping wigil ः night-watch.
476
SHA
Shab-hhum, H. (P. ७*- " blood) Nocturnal assault, or murder.
Shabnam, Shubnum, H. (P. F, moisture) Lit., Night-dew.
but applied to a very fine kind of muslin, which is not
discernible when immersed in water.
SHABAN, H. (A. J५श्-*) The eighth month of the Moham
madan year.
SHABAT, (?) Beng. (perhaps some corruption of c“-*५d, ५. v.)
Aperson in chargeortemporary proprietorship ofatemple(?).
SHABB, H. (A. ५--'A) A young man, one under 84years of age.
SHADf, H. (P. ५.se५*) Gladness, rejoicing, nuptial festivity,
nuptials, marriage, especially legal and respectable, in op
position to informal or temporary marriage.
Shddiat, H. (५-५e५्) Fees paid at marriages.
Shddidna, H. (ंd५e७*) Any thing relating to marriages,
music and other accompaniments, fees or presents made
sometimes to the Zamindār by the cultivators at marriages.
SHAFA, H. (A. (ं) Healing, curing, being cured.
Shafa-khdna, H. (P. ४dl5-) An hospital.
SHAFAAT, H. (A. e-ctā-*) Intercession, mediation.
Sh4fa, H. (g५्) An intercessor, a mediator, a patron.
Shdfai, H. (U.G.्) The teacher or founder of one of the
four great schools of Mohammadan law : a follower of the
Shdfiii school.
SHAGHAL-KHoR, H. (P.295-J७.*) Lit., Ajackall eater, the
designation of a class of freebooters dwelling chiefly on the
Oudh frontier, but committing depredations often in the
Company's territories and at some considerable distances
from home : they are also found in Orissa.
SHAGiRD, H. (P. 9%५:) A disciple, a scholar, an apprentice.
Shdgird-nesha, H. (P. & *५, practice) A menial servant,
also retinue, attendance : a pensioner: expense of servants
and dependants.
SHAम्, H. (P. ४७्) Aking, a sovereign, a title borne by some
classes of Mohammadan ascetics or mendicants : also one
given to certain celebrated saints, as, Shal Maddr, Shdh
nicam-ud-din 4ulia, and others.
Shdh-bandar, H. (P. )A५४५*) A port or harbour-master,
a custom master, an officer who regulates the port duties
and charges : a royal harbour or maritime establishment.
In the rewenue accounts of the Mohammadan government
of Bengal it designated especially Dacca, and the customs
lewied there.
Shdhā, H. (P. ५*५्) Regal, relating to a king : in Chit
tagong', a measure of land, or an epithet of any such mea
sure, as perhaps having been fixed by the gowernment :
 SHA
modified in Mar, as Sd{, or Shaiः (शाई), and used laxly in
the sense of belonging or appropriate to, as Puma-stit, be
longing to Puna; Sinde-86ं, belonging to Sindhia, Sdi-,or
Shdisirastd, Mar. (शाई शिरस्ता) Public usage or custom.
Shdh-Mohammad, Thug. An exclamation to denote that
danger is near.
Shal-nishin, H. (P. ७***, sitting) A royal seat: a miniature
throne or palace carried in procession at the Muharram
festival.
Shdh-raiat, (?) Beng. A temporary occupant or farmer, a
middleman.
Shdh-2/ida, vernacularly, Shdh.jdda, H. &c. (४e);४५: , शाह
जादा) A prince, the son of a king : also the son of the
Mohammadam ascetic so termed.
SHAIAD, or SHAi D, H. &c. (P. A4ं) Honey.
! Shahad-guttd,Mar. (शह्दगुप्ता) Farm orcontract for bee-hives.
Shdhad-mom-gutta, Karn. (यंळ४०ॐंv००%ंठं.) A tax
levied on bees’-wax and honey gathered in the forests of
Mysore.
SHABADAT, H. (A. ५**o'ं) Testimony, evidence, martyrdom,
as, ro2-1-shaladdat, the tenth of Muharram, the day on which
Ali was slain.
Shdhid, plur. Shahdd, H. (A. Aa५ॐ, e५ं), Shdhid, Mar.
(शाहीद) A witness, an ewidence, a martyr.
Shdlidi, H. (A. .soe\ं), Mar. (शाहिदी) Evidence, testi
mony, deposition.
Shdhida-ddr, Mar. (शाहिदीदार) A witness, a deponent.
Shdhid-ā-hdil, H. (P. d)-, present) A witness to facts.
SHAHAJoo, SHAHAJoG, Mar. (शहाजोगं, शाहाजोग, for S.योग्य,
fit for) Creditable, trustworthy ; applied especially to a
-Hundi, or bill of exchange marked with this word, imply
ing that the bearer may be trusted with the money ; also
to coins which are manifestly good: in Gu2. a promissory
note, a chedue on the bank, payable to bearer.
SHAHNA,corruptly,SHAENA,SHANA,SHENA,SHAINA,SHIEH NA,
H. (Ais*) A watchman, a willage watchman, a person
employed to watch the crops and prewent any fraudulent
abstraction of the grain.
Shdhnagi, corruptly, Shaemagee, H. (.G~*) The duty,
pay, or perguisites of a willage watchman.
SHAHR, H. (P.Dं, शहर) A town, a city.
Shahr-gasht, H. (P. ५-*, a going) The procession of a
bridegroom through the city at a marriage festival : patrol
। ling the city, a patrol. _ part of the marriage ceremony among the Mohammadans :
_ Shahr-pamdh, H. (P. ४५५9*) Shaharpamhd, Mar. (शहर
477
SHA
पन्हा) The walls or defences of a town or city ः also, fig.
the police, guards, &c. appointed to protect a town.
Shahr-paird, H. (!x9ं) The suburbs.
SHAHU, (?)H. Name of a caste, or an individual ofit, inSylhet.
SHAf, H. (A._*) A thing.
Shaā-mubia, II. (A. &*५-्) A thing or article sold.
Shai-nautamagir, H. (A.Jaं) A thing or property in sus
pense or dispute.
SHAIKH, H. (A. 2-*) An old man, especially one who has
authority and respect : an elder, a chief: a title given to
various Mohammadan saints : the head of an Arab tribe :
the term is also used to designate the descendants of J/o
hammad, of 4bubakr, and Omar.
SHAJARA, or SHAJAR-NAMA, H. (४)* * &०9*) A list of
saints, his predecessors, given by a religious teacher to his
disciples after the manner of a genealogical tree.
SHAJ.JA, plur. SHAJ.JAJ, corruptly, SHADJA. A. (2%, श्-*)
A wound, a personal injury short of destroying life: wounds
of tem kinds are recognised by Mohammadan law as affect
ing the head and face in particular.
I. Hari8at, (ं-9'-) A scratch not drawing blood.
2. Damdat, (ंश्-ce) A scratch which draws blood without
its running down.
8. D4māat, (ं॰le) An abrasion of skin from which blood
flows.
4. IBdgdat,(ंx4५) A cut through the skin.
5. Mataldhimat, (ंA~'ं ॰) A cut deep into the muscles.
6. Simhak, (G'~*“) A wound on the head reaching to the
pericranuum.
7. IIMatgihat, (ं~*,०) A wound that lays the bone bare.
8. Hashimat, (ंAAs) A fracture of the skull.
9. Munakilat, (?ंं०) A fracture of the skull reguiring
the operation of the trepan.
10. 4mmat, (*३) A wound extending to the membranes of
of the brain.
Of these, if wilfully inflicted, the seventh may admit of retali
ation, but they may be all punished by fine accordingly as ।
they are accidental or intentional.
SHAK, H. (A. ७42ं) Doubt, uncertaintyः in law, imperfect
evidence, leaving uncertainty as to the truth of the charge.
SHAR, H. (A. Gं) A large division of a country.
SHAKAR, H. (P.)ं) Sugar.
Shakar-lihairi, H. (P. ८.9x*-, eating) Lit., Eating of sugar,
the same as the Shukrdma, g. w.
0 F
 SHA
Shakiliyan, or Shakhili, also pronounced Chakhili, and
written, corruptly, Chuckler and Shekliar, Tam. (EPGeली
6ंीLLंठैी) A man of a low caste whose business is working
in hides and leather : a currier, a tanner, a shoemaker.
SHAL, H. (J-3) A shawl.
Shal-bdf H. (-3.J५%) A shawl-weaver.
Shdilं, H. &c. (_५*) A weaver of shawls and Similar articles.
SHAMBAH, H. (P. &AAं) A day, a day of the Mohammadan
week : when used singly it also implies Saturday, and the
following days are designated by the numerals, as, Ek
shamba, Sunday ; Do-shambah, Monday ; Selº-shamba,
Tuesday ; Chahdr-shamba, Wednesday ; Panj-shamba,
Thursday; and Shash-shamba, Friday ; but this last is
also named, from its being observed as the day of meeting
for prayer, Jumnd.
SHAMIL, H. (A. J०५%) Extending to, including, comprehend
ing : the term, less correctly written Shdmul, or used in
the plur. as Shdmildit, was applied in Mysore to the whole
additional assessment on the land above the original stand
ard rates made by the Mohammadan rulers Haidar and
Tipu.
Shamilat, H. (५-"०५ॐ, plur. of c) ०५:्) Comprehensive or
coparcenary concern : lands which have never been divided,
but are part and parcel of an estate held in common or
in partnership by the whole proprietary body of a willage :
the lands of such a willage, which are not let out or severally
appropriated, but which are cultivated in common, and of
which the produce is divided amongst the proprietors ac
cording to recorded । portions.
Shdmildit-banjar, H. (from A-*) Portions of common land.
-Kanara.
Shdmildit-berfं, H. (from P. 69ं) The entire assessment, the
original, with all additions.
Shdmilat-dell, H. (४e, a willage) ILands included in the
willage lands.
Shdmili-tadluh', H. (J***.A-४५्) A subordinate proprietary
estate, one comprehended within a Zamindari, and paying
revenue through the Zamindār, but considered to be here
ditary and independent property, and inalienable as long
as the dues to the superior holder and government are paid.
SHAMsi, H. (from the A. U…A4% , the sun) Solar, as the solar
year : a perguisite of the officers of government, being the
difference of pay for a lunar and solar month.
SHAMSIA, Thug. The person who holds the hands and feet
of the wictim.
478
SHA
SHARA, corruptly, SHURRA, H. (A. 8xs), SBRA, or SHERA,
Mar. (शेणा) The law; or the precepts of Mohammadanism
as derived from the Kurān, sometimes classed under five
heads, itilddat, articles of faith १ ibadat, religious wor
ship ; JMiiamalat, social transactions, civil law ; Mu*djir,
punishment, or criminal law ; and -fdi', good manners,
moral conduct, propriety : amongst the Marathas it means
also an order, a warrant, especially that which is written
on the foot of a petition or representation.
Shariat, H. (A. ं,A) Law, justice, the law of the Kuran.
Shardi, H. (A. ७9*) Conformable to the law, lawful, right.
SHARARAT, H. (A. ५-2)*) Willainy, wickedness.
SHARB, H. (A. ५-2,*) Drinking : in Mohammadan law, the
offence of drinking wine or other intoxicating liguor : also,
the right to water, or to use the draw-wells or channels
of irrigation, which is declared to be transferable inde
pendently of the land which is irrigated.
SHARH, H. (A. व्)*), SERA, Mar. (शेणा) Explanation, a com
mentary, a gloss ; also, pay, allowance; also, rate, rate of
assessment, &c.
Sharh-bandं, H. (A. ५.***श्-9*) A table of rates.
Sharh-ā-mauga, H. (A. 4-3;०) The rate of assessment on
willage lands.
Sharh-i-pargama, H. (ंs9:) The rate of assessment of a
district. _
Sharh-i-patta, H. (*५) The rate of rent fixed by lease.
SHARI, or SHARREE, (?) Mar. Cultivated fields, or land en
closed (a mistake, perhaps, for Sard, ५. w)
SHArti, H. (A. a)७s) A highway.
SHARfF, H. (A. -श्:)*) Noble, exalted, a person of rank.
Shar4fat, H. (A. ५-*]*) Nobility, rank, eminence. `्।
SHARik, H. (A. ५4-५A) A partner.
Shardhat, Shirkat, H. (A. e-*',ं, ५-**) Sarkat, Mar.
(सरकत), Shardkhatu, Tel. (ंSCष्acॐC) Partnership, co
parcenary, joint occupancy ः in Mohammadan law partner
ship is distinguished as of two kinds, Skirkat-aml4h,
(७--"all e--*9ं) partmership by right of property, wherethe
absolute right of property belongs edually to all associated,
and Shirkat-i-6katd (e*eं9*), partnership by contract
eflected by mutual consent, and in which one partner may
act for the rest ः partnerships of this kind are also classed
under four heads, I. ]/५finci2a (A4%७-्) When the con -
tracting parties agree that all their property shall be in
common : a partnership not admitted by the Shia lawgivers.
2. Indn (७७e), When the contracting parties contribute
 SHA
a stipulated amount either of money or goods to a common
capital, to be employed for their common benefit : this is
also considered to be designated by the simple term Shirhat,
and may again be distinguished as l.Shirkat-al-ammodl (pl.
of U५०, wealth) Partnership in property, and 2. Shirhat
ul-tijarat (e“-29५’, trade) Partnership in trade or com
merce;8. Shirhat-al-8andia(*४५~lle“-*9ं),otherwisetermed
Shirkat-ul-abdain (pl.ofJe५, the body), Association or part
nership in mechanical arts or bodily labour ; and 4. Shir
hat-ul-ngujail। (४)*-9| ५-*)ं) Partnership of faces, when
persons not hawing any property agree to join and obtain
goods for sale upon their personal credit or assurance.
Sharik:fi-naf8-ul-nubdiat,H. (A.५~~～५--JU~ं_ ं-५,ं)
A partmer in the matter of buying and selling.
Shardhat-ndma, H. (P. &०७ , a document) A deed of part
nership
Shardhat-barddar{, H. (P. .9e),५, fraternity) The asso
ciation of brothers, or members of the same family living
together on a common property.
Sardhati, corruptly, Shurahuttee, Mar. (सराकती) A term
applied to villages or estates, the revenues of which are
shared by government with others.
Sarkatddr, Mar. (सरकतदाग्), Sarikddr, Uriya (gl6.1a६॥८.)
A partner, a coparcener.
Sarkati, or Sarkatyd, Mar. (सरकती, सरकाया) A partner,
a coparcener.
SHART, pl. SHURUT', and SHARAIAT, H. (A. B,ं , pl. *9*,
*a]*) Contract, agreement, stipulated rule or regulation.
Sharti, H. (A. ७9*) Conformable to rule or condition.
#e or Dil4-shait, H. (A. P.9xs", ‘ं) Absolute, uncon
ditional, as a grant, &c.
SHASHIMAHI, H. (Lº५०UA4 , from the P. shash, six, and mdh,
a month) Half-yearly, the half-yearly accounts of a village.
, Shash-bal-i-laifiat, H. (P. Uं, six) A Bengal revenue
account arranged under six heads, also called Ju2-0-hul,g.v.
Shashdast{, Mar. (शषदस्ती) The designation of a rod used
in surveying, being a measure of six cubits, or nine feet.
SHASTAR, SHUSTER, (?) A religious temple and establishment
in Asam.
Shastaria, (?) The head of a religious establishment in Asam
termed a Shastar.
SHATIR, H. (P. Ae५:) A running footman.
SHATM, pl. SHUTUM, H. (A. /***, •*ं) Abuse, reviling not
amounting to slander, and subject to punishment at the
discretion of the magistrate.
479
SHI
SHAwAL, H. (A. Jlyं) The tenth month of the Mohammadan
year, the first of which, following the month of fasting and
abstinence, RamZān, is held as a festival, on which presents
are made amongst friends and relatives.
SHEANoUEE, (?) A description of irregular exaction by the
native officers in Bengal.-East-India Selections, i. 460.
SHIAH, or SHIAI, commonly, SHIA, corruptly, SHEEAII, SHwA,
H. (A. . .श्.&ं , &श्Aं)lit., A follower, but appliedespecially to
a follower of Ali, the son-in-law of Mohammad, and, in the
opinion ofhis followers, his lawful Successor in the Khalifat;
the khalifs Abubakr, Omar, and Osmam, being, in their
estimation, usurpers, The Persians generally, the sovereign
of Oudh, and the lower orders of Mohammadans in India,
are of this sect.
SHIKAMf, H. ५.***, from /***, the belly) Subordinate, de
pendent, included : as a revenue term it applies to a sub
ordinate tenure in which the holder pays his revenue, or
his Share of it, through some other person to the govern
ment, not direct ः it applies also to the individual cultiva
ting land on such terms ; he may be ajoint proprietor with।
the revenue payer,having edual rights,or he may be an here
ditary tenant : in the former case, the superior cannot sell
or mortgage any of the land without the concurrence of the
Shikamās.
Shikamā-4sdmi-, or -rdiat, H. (Ls०५“', or v--*9 , a cul
tivator) A subordinate cultivator : one who pays the revenue
through a superior Shareholder, and whose name is not
entered in the original assessment, though it is now usually
inserted in the MumtakkaU. _
Shikamā-ijdraddr, H. (A.)le)५-l , d. w.) A subordinate cul
tivator holding lands in farm.
Shikamā-kashthdr, H. 9ं,४, a cultivator) A holder of part
of the willage lands as a subordinate or dependant occu
pant cultivating his own share, and paying his proportion
of the government revenue through the representative of
the community.
Skikamā-pattiddr, H. &c. 9Aं) A coparcener in a joint
tenancy willage who cultivates his own lands, and pays his
proportion of the gowernment rewenue through one or more
of the community, whose names are recorded in the govern
ment books as undertakers for the whole.
Shikamā-sharik,or Sharik-shilami,H.(A.५4-५)* ॥ a partner)
A cosharer, a coparcener, whose rewenue payments pass
through an intermediate representative.
Shikantā-tadlaka, H. (A. Aं}श्J, a dependancy) An estate
 SHI
comprised within a Zamindarf, and paying the revenue
through the Zamindar or other revenue contractor or Mal
gugar.
Shikam{-{araf H. (-9e, d. w.) A subordinate portion of
the division of land called a tardf
SHIKAR, H. (P. ),४-*) Hunting.
Shih//’-ā-mdhi, Sindh (P. ८*** a fish) Fishing : a tax on
fishermen.
SHIRAST, or SHIRASTA, H. (P. ५-~~ॐ, &.9ं) Breaking,
fracture, deficiency : adj., broken, impaired, broken or
carried away by inundation (land or the like) : deficit in
the collections, loss on the rent or farm of an estate : a
broken or running handwriting.
Shikost-paircast, H. (P. ५~~*५५~~~ । lit., broken and
joined) Separation and accession of alluvial lands by al
terations in the course of rivers : land so detached and
deposited.
Shilasti-paincast{, H. (G~*५._'~~) IDetached (from one
estate) andattached (to another)-lands, _
SHI KK. H. (A. Gं , Shakh, a division, a fissure) A certain
tract of country forming a collectorate, or an aggregate of
land from which a certain revenue is collected.
Shilliddr, more usually Shijiddr, H. 9les), Sal-ःor Shek
ddr, corruptly,Shailddr, Mar. (शेकदार), Karn.(ढै९ठैव्व्ॐ)
A revenue officer or collector appointed either by the go
vernment or a Zamindār to collect the revenue from a small
tract of country, or from an estateः under the Mogul go
vernment it was sometimes applied to the chief financial
officer of a province, or to the viceroy in his financial ca
pacity ः under the Marathas, an officer in charge of a few
villages, collecting the revenue and superintending the cul
tivation subordinate to the officer in charge of the larger
division, called Taraf.
Shilddri, H. (.9loं), Shehddr{, Mar. (शेकदारी) The office
of the rewenue collector termed Shikddr
SHIRA, H. (A. )*) Pnrchase, sale, traffick : in law, pur
chase only.
SHi RiN, H. (P. ७)**) Lit., Sweet, soft, sweet as water of
irrigation, irrigated by soft water, land.
SHoLA, commonly SoLA, H. (}}ं) A plant of which the wood
is light and spongy, and is used for making toys, artificial
flowers, &c. (AEschynomene paludosa),
SHOR, H. (2*) Salt ; 8aline, brackish.
Shor’sam{n, H. (७4-9*) Saline soil.
Shora, H. (P. 9;*) Saltpetre, nitre.
480
SHU
Shordibddi, H. (.se५)*) Saline and unproductive, as soil.
Shorahdr, H. (P. )४, who makes) A manufacturer of saltpetre.
SHUBHA, H. (A. *+}ं) IDoubt, suspicion : in law, a legal
defect, a flaw ; what may be pleaded in bar of punishment :
also any thing which may appear lawful but is really urश्
lawful.
Shubha-ā-dlid, H. (oंic, a compact) Error of marriage, error
of thinking that a right in the woman is conferred by an
illegal marriage.
Shabha-ā-mill, A. (-4-५.०, possession) Erroneous appropri
ation of property.
Shabha-ilidhat, A. (e--५) Doubt as to justification in
the commission of a crime Sufficient to prewent the infliction
of the full measure of punishment.
Shubha-ā-karci, H. (A. .3*, strong) Strong presumption of
guilt.
Shubha-ā-shadid, H. (A. A५o-s, strong) Strong presumption
of guilt.
Shubha-ā-36{fa, H. (A. (-५~3, weak) Uncertainty as to
the truth or falsehood of a charge.
SHUDAMAD, H. (P. JA4ं, to be, ०*" to come) Custom,
usage.
Shuddmadā-kadām, H. (from A. ***, old) Old established
custom or practice.
Shudhdr, H. 9४Aं , from P. c*४, to sow) Ground tilled
and sown : an estimate or valuation of a crop from inspec
tion only: the designation of the temporary settlement of
the revenue of the north-west prowinces made in l890
under Reg. wii. I822ः an inspector and valuer of the crop.
SHUFAA, SHUPA, SHOOPA, H. (A. &श्3-*) Any possession
coveted: in Mohammadan law, the right of pre-emption
vested in partners, coparceners, and neighbours, with re
spect to land and real or immoveable property ; the right of
claim is distinguished progressively, as,
1. Talab-i-numrdgabat, (o--~''*५-~'e) Immediate claim,
a demand made as soof as the intended disposal of the
property is known to the claimant.
2. 4"alab-ishlidd, or Talab-ishhdd-mca-takrir, (from e५*',
taking to witness, and in the second form AAG, confirm
ing) Demand upon the person proposing to sell, made in
the presence of witnesses with affirmation of the right, sub
seduently to the first or immediate demand, and in the event
of its being inoperative.
8. 4"alab-i-lihustimat, (from ५-७-८*-, enmity) The formal
institution of a Suit at law.
 SHU
Shgfia, written Shaft or Shgfee, H. (A. 'ं) A person
having the right of pre-emption.
Shgfid-i.jdr, incorrectly, Shgfelijar, A. 9५-'ं) A person
having right of pre-emption from occupying property in
the meighbourhood of that which is for Sale. _ soldiery : a sort of militia or imperfectly disciplined troops
Shgfi4-ā-khalid, A. (BA45-8ं) A person hawing right of
pre-emption from occupying property in contact or inter
mixed with that which is for Sale.
SHUH DA, H. (so५&) । A profligate fellow, a vagabond, a
blackguard. .
SHUKKA, H. (A. Aं) A royal letter or missive, a letter from
a superior.
SHUKR, H. (A. Aं) Praise, thamks, acknowledgment.
Shukrdma, H. (A. Ad],ं) Praise, acknowledgment, thanks :
a complimentary or grateful present : a fee or present paid
by the party to a suit in whose favour it is decided : a
ceremony practised at the marriages of Mohammadans in
India, the sending of clothes, jewels, Sweetmeats, Sugar,
and spices, from the relations of the bridegroom to those
of the bride, of whom the nearest of kin is then reduired
to consent formally to the marriage.
SHUMAR, H. (P. ;U~ं), Counting, reckoning. SUMAR, Mar.
(मुमार) Number, mumerical amount : rough calculation,
conjectural estimate: (it has other peculiar applications in
Marathf foreign to this collection.)
Sha??ndrā, H. (P. ५.9५~ं) A reckoning, a counting or enu
meration, a census ः in Bengal, a revenue account shewing
the daily receipts of every kind, and a rough statement of
the day's transactions ; a day-book : also a mumbering with
a view to the imposition of a tax.
Shum4ri-hdgha’, H. (from Caa७, paper) The papers or
accounts of an estate collectively.
Shumar-sarrishta, H. An office or record of the number
of any property, lands, fields, &c.
Gdo-shumdri,H. ७s, a cow) Acensusofcattle, a tax upon them.
Khana-shumdri, H. (P. 4a\#-, a house) A numbering of
houses, a house-tax.
Sar-shumdri, H. (P. P०, a head) A numbering of heads,
a census, a poll or capitation tax.
Shumdr-magis, H. (P. U~ं;' ; a writer) An accountant, a
regustrar.
Sr, for SIH, or SEH, H. (P. &५) Three : it is also much used
in different Indiam dialects to form the first member of
compound words, not always retaining any particular re
ference to its primary meaning.
481
SIA
Sibandi, or Sihandi, H. (P. .godga.), Mar. (सिषंदी, शिबिंदी)
Sibbamdi, Tel. (ं8००), corruptly, Sebumdee, Sebund/,
Sibbend/,&c. (it alsooccursin GuZ. as Sarbamdः (*t२`"t० {\)
but this is probably a vernacular corruption) Irregular
maintained for the garrisons of forts and guards in towns
and willages, and for rewenue and police duties : charges
in the rewenue accounts for the expense of Such troops.
Sibandi-fasli, H. (A. 9-4ं, a harvest) Troops employed in
rewenue duties.
Itadam-sibbanai, Tel. (ं99००७8००, from A. ,lo-२)
Permament establishment of militia.
ITanjdma-sibbandi, Tel. (अ॰०7रंशथ्&g००) Tempo
rary or occasional militia establishment.
SiA, Thug. Gold.
SIAH, or SIAHA, written also SIWAHI, SIWAHA, SEEAH, SBEAHA,
incorrectly, SBHA, H. (P. ४५.०,५.५.), SiA, Hindi (सिस्रा),
St HA, Uriya (ंीघ्al) An account-book, an inventory, a list :
it is especially applied in Hindustan to the daily ledger
or account-book of the receipts and disbursements of a vil
lage or estate, Specifying all sums received, whether regular
or Iniscellaneous, and all items of disbursement, whether
customary or incidental : it begins with the day on which
the Punya is performed, and closes with the current
year : the village account is kept by the village Patrudr{,
but a similar account may be kept in the office of the col
lector.
Sidh-i-4indami, corruptly, Seeah-aam-damm/, (P. GA--" in
coming) A treasury account of the collections received from
the cultivators daily.
Sidh-bahi, H. ५.*ः an account) The ledger or day-book
in which daily receipts and disbursements are entered ः it
is sometimes applied to a journal or diary in which the
orders of a court of justice are recorded.
Sitil-khasana, H. (ं];*-) The day-book of the collector,
or any public treasury.
Sidh-ā-maujitdat, H. (A. ५-'eyf-* , effects, assets) Account
of daily receipts and disbursements, a cash-book, a ledger.
Sidli-nagis, H. (P. U***, An accountant, one who keeps
the rough daily accounts.
SIANA, SBEANA, H. (G५.५, S. सज्ञान), SwANA, Beng. (जTीन्पl)
Sagacious, intelligent, mature : in Hindustanf it commonly
denotes a conjuror : in it is Kamaon, the designation ofhere
ditary superintendants of several villages, or persons of re
spectability and authority. Uriya (६थ|६||) Puberty.
6 G।
 SIA
Sidnchairi, H. (सीसानश्वारी) Dues levied with consent of the
people by the hereditary Sidnd.-Kamaon.
SIANAT, H. (A. e G५-८) Protection ः in law, the privilege of
being under the protection of the law restricted to the ।
faithful, and withheld from aliens and infidels.
SIAsAT, H. (A. ५“-॰५.) Government, administration of jus
tice, punishment: discretional punishment, such as the law । SIFTAJA, A. (ं“) A transaction of exchange, depositing
has not provided for, but as may be inflicted by the judge.
SIAwAT, A. (e-A*“) Work, labour, the labour of a slave |
who is partly emancipated, by which he is to work out |
his complete manumission.
SIDDE, Tel. (o2) A leather bottle for holding oil.
SIDDHA, S. (सिद्ध:) Effected, perfected ; hence applied to a
supposed magician or mecromancer, an adept.
Siddhdnta, S. (सिद्धान्त:) Final or established conclusion or
demonstration.
Siddhairtha, S. &c. (सिड़ायै) The fifty-third year of the cycle.
Siddhdi/d, Karn. (७छ्रुद्ध०॰ब्) Fixed assessment, eSpecially
that recorded in the Iddya-rekhai, ५. w.-Mysore.
Siddhi, S. (सिद्धिः) Accomplishment, fulfilment, the actuire
ment or possession of Superhuman or magical powers; Such
superhuman faculty.
SIDDIII, H. (S. ७.s3.५, सिडि) The hemp plant (Cannabis
sativa)ः the iame is also especially applied to the larger ।
leaves and capsules without the stalk, which are used for
smoking', and in the preparation of an intoxicating drink
and confection.
Si DHA, Hindi (सीधा) Land in good tilth.
Si DHA, H. (S. PAA.), SHID'HA, Mar. (शिधा) Uncooked
victuals, a charge made to travellers for Supplies.
Sidori, or Sidhor{, Mar. (fशादोणी, शिाधोग्री) Dressed pro
visions carried on a journey.
Si DI, or, more correctly, SAIDI, commonly SEEDEE, and
Sr DDHI, H.(.sA4॰), SIDDHi,or SIDD'Hi, Mar.(शिाद्धी, सिद्धी)
A name given to the descendants of natives of Africa in the
west of India, some of whom were distinguished officers of
the Mohammadan princes of the Dakhin, especially of
Bijapur : they furnished the Mogul empire also with the
chief naval officers on the coast of GuZerat.
SInt, Tel. Karn. (Kºce) A beam of wood traversing an up
right post upon a pivot, to the ends of which persons are
fastened to be whirled round ः the suspension or swinging ।
of a person : it is the Charah of Bengal, ५. w. । with the thumbs upwards on the ground, and touching
Sidi-ikambo, Karn. (७०ठै००) The upright post.
Sidi-ydita, Karn. (&o००GOव्) &3) The ceremony of Swinging.
482
SIJ
| Sttladasidi, Karn. (ॐGooॐ8x०), Gdlapusidi, Tel. (7त्re)30
&o०) Swinging with hooks through the muscles of the back.
Gampasidi,Tel. (Koं23o८७), Gaiddsidi, Karn. (Kऽश्&eं७०)
Being swung seated in a basket.
SIFARISH, H. (P. L9५.) Praise, commendation, recommen
dation.
money with an individual on receiving from him a bill or
।
letter of credit on another person at a place where the de
positor reguires assets : also a bill of exchange, a letter
of credit.
SiGAUS, H.७*ं“ , सीगौ') A kindof soil, a mixture of clay and
sand suited to any crop not reduiring permanent irrigation.
SfGHA, A. (&#3-०) Marriage, a form of words used at a mar
riage ceremony.
SIGHR, A. O*-2) Junior.
Sijhr-i-sinn, A. (ं“ , years) Tender age, minority, a minor,
one who may be ;
Sabं, A. (Le:-e) A boy, a child, an infant.
lfurdhik,A(G*) ०) Alad.one approaching the timeofpuberty.
JBultt//ll, A. (ं;':) Adolescent, on the point of reaching
puberty : also adolescence, majority : this is placed wariously
by the Mohammadan law at the beginning or end of the
sixteenth year, or later ; under the British government it
is extended to the eighteenth year. Reg. xxvi. I798. The
Mohammadan law also recognised two modes of defining
majority, especially in regard to females, the Baligha-bil
(illimat, (from &८le, a sign), adult by the usual signs of
puberty, and bdli//ha-bil-sinn, adult by age.
। St HASAf, GuZ. (*tl८uश्tu८u) A particular silver coin current
at Baroda.
St H R, A. 9*~) A relation, one by affinity within the prohi
bited degrees.
Si.J, H. &c. (S.ं”) The milky hedge-plant, or Euphorbia, of
which there are various kinds in Bengal, as Sanka-s{?
(E. tirucalli), Nara-sij (E. antiguorum), Manasa-sij (E.
ligularum), &c.
SIJDA, H. (A. ४cs”) Adoration, । prostration, an attitude in
prayer : kneeling and touching the ground with the forehead,
the eyes being directed to the tip of the nose.
Sijda-taliat, H. (A. ५4-2= ss”) Kneeling as before.
and bowing the forehead, but placing the hands closed
the thumbs with the forehead : the other attitudes of
prayer are ;
 SI.J
JKiam, H. (A. 'ं) Standing erect with the hands hanging
down and joined in front.
JKaid, H. (A. oxं), or H. Do-2ana-baithnd (Uं;];e)
Sitting, or sitting on two knees, that is, kneeling with the
sole of the left foot nearly flat on the ground, that of the
right perpendicular.
7?uhda, H. (A. 8;9) Bowing, inclining the body forward
so as to place the palms of the hands on the knees.
SIJ IL, H. (A. d)s”), SIJII, Beng. (जिञ्जिन) A register, a
record, the recorded and authenticated decision of a court
of law : an attestation before a notary.
St KA, or St KwA, H. &c. (शिका, शिक्प, from S. शिक्य), StKES,
Mar. (शिकिं) A sling, a loop, the cords suspended from
either end of a pole to support boxes, parcels, and the like.
Sr KAR, Gu2. (*tl%u२. S. खीकारः, assent) Acceptance of a
bill, endorsement.
St Kir, H. (ं... शिख, from Sishya, S. शिष्प) A scholar, a
disciple : the name of the people in the Panjab, as the dis
ciples or followers of Nanak Shah.
Sr KHA, S. &c. (fशाखा) A single lock of hair left on the crown |
• of the head at tonsure.
Sikha-priddhi, S. (वृडि, increase) Interest at a usurious rate,
calculated per dayः hair-interest, growing like the lock of
hair on the head.
St RI, Beng. (जिहि) A guarter rupee.
St KKA, Thug. The handkerchief used to strangle with (pro
bably for Sihd, as above),
Sr KKA, in somg dialects St KA, commonly written, SICCA,
H. &c. (A. ४ं.), SIKKA, or Sr KA, &c. Mar. (शिक्ा, शिका,
सिक्ा), St KA, or Sr KKA, Tel. (ळैs’, ?ं) A coining
die, a stamp, a mark, a seal, a signet, a royal signet, a
stamped coin, especially the designation of the silver cur
rency of the kings of Delhi, adopted by other Indian ।
princes, and eventually by the East-India Company.
Sikha-rupi/a, II. &c. (*.५:9~) A Sicca rupee, a silver
coin, the standard of value in Bengal under the Company's
administration, until changed to the ' Company's rupee,'
the silver coin mow current : for the weight and value, See
Tºupiya.
Sikha-sanad, H. (from A. AA.) A grant from the Crown
under sign-manual, or bearing the Rājits seal.
Sihkamom, Hindi (सिक्वोन) The difference of walue between
the Sikka and Sanwat rupee.
Sikhe-bardar, Mar. (शिक्बरदार) An officer having charge |
of the regalia.
488
SIIL
Sikhe-daut, Mar. (शिछेदीत , P. ५-';e, an inkstand) The
vessel containing the ink for the official or royal stamp or
Signet.
Sikke-hatdr, Mar. (शिक्ाकटार्, from S. कट्टार, a dagger) A
comprehensive term for the insignia of royalty, the signet
and the dagger (of office),
SIKSHA, S. &c. (शिष्य़ा) Instruction, correction, punishment.
SII.A, H. (S. ''~, शिला) Gleanings of a corn-field.
Sildhdj', H. ७५५५ शिलाहार) A gleaner.
SILA, S. &c. (शिला) A stone.
Si!.A, Mar. (शीळ्) A stone, but especially when smooth and
flat, and fit for use, as a whet-stone, a rubbing-stone, one
on which to beat clothes, and the like ; also a gap left in
an embankment whilst in course of construction, for the
passage of a small stream until the whole is filled up.
Silottarapatil, Mar. (शिलीन्वरपाटील) A person appointed to
take charge of the gaps in embankments and keep them
stopped : a name given to stones used for that purpose.
SILAH, or SILAH, H. (A. ट'~, a~)
Arms, accoutrements :
in law, any sharp-edged weapon capable of inflicting muti
lation and death.
Silahbarddr, H. (P. ु'9:, who bears) An armour-bearer.
Silahddr, H. (from 9le, who has) A soldier wearing armour,
vermacularly, Sileddr, corruptly, Silladdr, Mar. (fशालेदार)
A horse-Soldier who prowides his own horse and arms : the
term is applied also to the Marathas in general, who pro
fess arms as their employment, although engaged in other
avocations, and affect to be of a higher order than the mero
kumbi, or cultivator.
Silalukldina, II., Silekhaina, Mar. (from H. AG5-, a house)
Am armoury, an arsenal.
S LA K, Mar. (शिलकः, from the A. ५4-'~ , a series), SILUKuं,
| SII,KU, Karn. (ॐe७&०, वैgg) Balance, remainder after
expenditure or consumption, of money, provisions, or the like.
Silakdn'am, or Silakamant, Mar. (शिलकावण -णी) Harassing
a cultivator and exacting money from him by a govern
ment messenger Sent to dun him for his rewenue : a fine
imposed upon subordinate officers for allowing work to fall
into arrear.
_
SiaWiki/Mar.(शिलकवाकी),Silalabali,Karn.(9ec69-शब्e)
Balance of revenue outstanding for some time past, a re
maining balance.
Silak-band, or -bamdi, Mar. (शिालकबंद -बंदी) A balance
sheet, an account shewing the balance of receipts and dis
bursements.
 SIIL
Silakjhdrd, Mar. (fशलकभताडा) Balancing accounts, settle
ment, clearance.
Silaksdnkhali, corruptly, Sillilisanklee, Mar. (शिलकसांखली, |
from S. Srinkliald, a chain) A chain of balances, balances
carried on from time to time until a final adjustment ः
prowing the correctness of a balance by counting the cash
or taking stock.
_ " Silaki, Mar. (शिलकी) ILeft or remaining, forming part of ।
the balance.
Silakf-ddjine, Mar. (शिलकीडागिने) Reserved as the choicest
or best articles of a stock.
Si LA KAs, Mal. (०āleace१००) A small sum ofhds or .famams
paid as a fine or fee by the lessee of an estate to the pro
prietor upon the renewal of the lease (perhaps from S. Sila,
civility).
SiLA PPUTTI, Tam. (GeorTLLLL9-) A leather bag or bucket
for baling water : a man so employed.
S LAT, or A. (ंL८) Affinity, connexion : a present, a gratuity.
Silat-i-rahm, A. (F-9ं4-०) Intercourse with kindred : rela
tions within the prohibited degree.
SII,f, H. ५.*~० सिली) The grain and chaff on the thressing
floor before winnowing.
SILOT, GuZ. (*{l&तः॥८t) A head man of Pagis, or detectors
of thieves.
SttstLA, H. (A. A…) A continuous chain or series, a pedi
gree, a genealogy.
SII.PA, S. &c. (शिल्प:) Any manual or mechanical art.
Silpt, S. &c. (शिल्पी) A mechanic, an artisan.
Silpi-ng/dsa, S. (न्यास, deposit) Deposit of materials with an
artisan to be worked up into shape.
SiMA, H. &c. (LA-५, S. सीमा), also, sometimes modified ver
nacularly as SiM, GuZ. (*tlअt), SiME, Karn. (७९े9),
Sf M wA, or Si M wA, written. SEEw, Mar. (शीवॆ, सीवॆ), Si
MAI,Tam. (Gºcठ-L०) A boundary, border, limit : the Karn.
and Tam. term is also applied to a country, and, when with
out any name preceding, especially to Europe or England :
Sim, in GuZ., means also the lands or fields of a village.
Simina, or Sin’tina, H. &c. (ंUAA~, ॰';*~) Bordering,
bounding, relating to boundaries.
Simdna-, or Sincdina-ddr, H. (from P.)le, whohas) A person
well acduainted with the boundaries of a village or estate ;
one who watches that they are not trespassed or encroached
upon•
Sim (tm ttl, Karn. (ं७e:SSठं७ce) The head or root of go
wernment.
484
SIN _
Simdnta-pijd, Mar. (S. सीमान्त, the end or limit of the
boundary, and पूजा, worship) Honours paid at the willage
boundary to a person coming on any particular occasion,
as of a bridegroom to take away his wife.
Simaipattu, Tam. (GºcoुLauJL-ppp) Government.jurisdic
tion : territory.
Simaiciudda, S. (विवादः, dispute) IDisputes about boundaries :
a freduent source of litigation and of strife in all parts of
India, where they have not been determined by authority.
Simollangham, Mar. (सीमा, and S. उल्बङ्गन, crossing over)
Passage of the borders of a willage in procession at the
festival of the Dasahard.
Sinngdr, or Sincar, Mar. (fशंवारं, शिवाग्) Fields and meadows
around and belonging to a willage.
Sicara, Tel. (?०ण` ॐ०) A hamlet, a small village attached
tO a tOwn.
Sinna-takrdr, Mar. (P. L)*, a guarrel) Boundary disputes.
Simicasejdr{, Mar. (शीवे, or सीवेशेजारी) A borderer, a
neighbour,onedwelling on the borders of a contiguous tract.
Sime-asicari, or Shimi-usnturee, (?) Karn. (?९ं७eॐ ९०)
Charge for willage expenses consolidated by Tipu with the
land revenue.-Mysore.
SiyrAL, H. &c. (UA५.५, S. शाल्मली) The silk-cotton tree
(Bombax heptaphyllum),
SiMANTA, or SiMANTONNAwANA, S. &c. (सीर्मतं, सीमन्तोन्नयनं)
A ceremony performed during gestation: one of the Sam
skºtras, or essential rites of Hinduism : arranging the par
tition of the hair (simanta सीमन्त) as practised by women,
accompanied by religious ceremonies, in the fourth, sixth,
or eighth month of pregnancy : see Samskdra. In Telugu,
according to a vulgar corruption current, the word occurs
.
St?’{mantam.
SIMGA, Mar. (fशमगा) The Holi festival, the month in which
it is celebrated : see IWolika.
SIMPi, less correctly, Si MPA, incorrectly, SBMPEE, and SEEPEE,
Mar. (fशंपी, शिंपा, सिंपी) The name of a caste, or indi
vidual of it, said to have sprung from a Sidra by a D4st
or female slave : the chief occupation is sewing and making
clothes, and the Simpi is usually a tailor, in which ca
pacity he is sometimes included amongst the villageservants:
individuals of the caste are also dyers and dealers in dying
colours, also sellers of cloth, and they engage in other trades.
SiNA-ZANA, H. (P. *ं~, the breast, and *ं;) who strikes)
Hired mourners, women who beat their breasts at funerals,
or at the Muharram.
 SfN
SiNCH, or SicH, H. (S. ं“; सीव, सीच) Watering fields,
irrigation.
Sinchd{, H. (.s५*५५) Irrigation, price paid for irrigation.
Sinch{, H. (७#ं) Season of irrigation.
SINDA, or SHINDA, Mar.. (fशंदा) A particular tribe, or in
dividual of it, originally sprung from female slaves.
Sinddporagd, Mar. (fशंदापोरगा) The son of one's female
slawe, living in the house as a servant.
SINo, H, Mar. (e-3.०, fशंग, from the S. Sringa, शृंग) A horn.
Singot{, and Singsingoti, (fर्शगोठी, शिशिांगोटि) A general
term for a horned beast, or cattle of that description, a tax
upon the sale of horned cattle.
Singatāmahdl, Uriya (ंी9r81१६)IR) A market for horned
cattle.
SINoH, H. (*५C.५, from Sinh, or Sinha, S. &c. सिंह) A lion ः
the sign Leo : a name borne by men of the princely or
military caste and Rajaputs, andby Sikhs when fighting-men:
it also denotes, in composition, any thing chief or noble,
as Sinhdsama, a lion-seat, i.e. a throne ; Sinhadicdr, lion
gate, principal entrance of a fort or palace.
Sinhastha, S. Mar. (सिंहस्य:) Being in the sign Leo ः the
period of time during which the constellation Jupiter is in
the sign Leo ; the revolution indicated by the planet's re
turning to the sign, which is something less than twelve
years ः festivals are held at both periods in various parts
of India, but among the Marathas the period of Jupiter's
conjunction with the sign is considered inauspicious, and in
some places marriages are prohibited in the year in which
it takes place.
Singjpho, Asami, The name of a turbulent tribe in the east
of Asam, between the Lohit and the mountains to the east
and south-east.
SIPAH, H. (P. ४५*५, also short &॰) An army, soldiers.
Sipdhं, corruptly, Seapoy, H. (P. ५.*५“) A soldier.
Sipah-, or Sipdh-sdldr, H. (P. &॰,9''~४५~) A general,
a commander, commander-in-chiefः
SIPAf, H. (.*५“ , from P. ८५५५, three, and `*५, a foot) A
tripod : a trench.
SIPURD, or SUPURD, H. (9,:~) Charge, trust, consignment.
Sipurd-ndma, H. (P. &-८७, a document) A deed of trust, a
deed of assignment, generally for an indefinite term.
Sipurdagi, H. (.*9*“)Delivery, charge : commitment by
a magistrate.
Siम्, SEER, H. 92.५, सीर, from the S. सीर, a plough) A name
applied to the lands in a village which are cultivated by
485
SIS
the hereditary proprietors or willage Zamindārs themselves
as their own especial Share, either by their own labourers
and at their own cost, or by temants at will, not being let
in lease or farm ; these lands were sometimes allowed to
be held at a fawourable assessment, or were unassessed so
as to provide Nankdr, or subsistence for the proprietor :
the term is also sometimes applied to lands cultivated on
account of the state, or to those in which the revenue is
paid by the cultivators without any intermediate agent.
Sirab, Seerdb, (?) An item in the Tumar assessment of Saं{,
grants.-Gl. W. Rep.
Sirngdr, H.9}}).५) According to the proprietary or privileged
land, cultivated after the same manner, or on the same terms.
Sir-sdjh{, H. (Af-५५*“; सीरसामरी, from sajhi, apartner)
The Zamindar’s own land, cultivated by tenants at will
for a share of the produce.
Sir-ā-2amimddr, H. 9'A4-9As) The Zamindār’s own cul
tivated land. _
Sirimah, Sirinath, mord probably, Sirinah, (?) H. The
allowance paid to a proprietor of Sir lands when he is
out of actual possession of them (some mistakes have oc
curred in one or both of these words).
SiBA, H. (S. ]४०) A channel of irrigation, a field flooded. `
SIRAwAT, A. (c~''~) Contagion : in law, an incidental or
additional result, as when a person intending to do one
thing does something more, as designing to wound one man
he unintentionally wounds another.
SIRF, H. (A. ५-9~) Purely, only, solely, merely.
SIRMA, Thug. The head.
SIRTHi, (?) H. Rent paid to the proprietor by a temant cul
tivator, usually in cash.-Kamaon.
'Sirtham, (?) H. A tenant cultivator paying a low money
rent.-Kamaon.
SIRwA, Thug. A tradesman, a shopkeeper.
SIRwAN, or SHIRwAN, Hindi (शिरवान) A person appointed
by the owner of a willage to superintend its affairs and
enforce cultivation.-Puraniya.
Sirrodni, Hindi (शिरवानी) A cess upon the cultivators to
defray the salary of the superintendant appointed by the
Zamindār.
SisA, or SHisHA, Hindi (शीशा) An ear of corn.-Puraniya.
Sr-sHAMBA, H. (.५~ं &०) The third day of the week, Tuesday.
SIsHyA, S. &c. (शिष्प , whence, vernacularly, Sik/) A scholar,
a disciple.
SISIRA, S. &c. (शिशिर) The cold or dewy season, comprising
6 H
 SIS
the months of Mfigha and Phālguna, or from the middle of
January to that of March.
SISKAR, Thug. A washerman.
SISTU, or SHISTU, commonly SIST, or SHIST, Tel. (oं9),
Karn. (?ं &oं9), S. (fशष्ट, left, remainder) Land-tax,
* Sicaprit, or Sigottar, Beng. &c. (भिदऔीं, मिटवीडुक्तः, from
assessment, especially rewenue assessed in money ः in Kar
nata it designates the standard assessment without additions,
which was fixed originally by the Bidnur government, or
that which, under the Harihar administration, applied to
rewenue in kind as well as money, but the word always
denoted the fixed or standard rate on the land, exclusive
of other imposts.
Sist-04/ं, Karn. (from A. ५*५ । remainder) Balance or
arrears of revenue.
SISU, S. &c. (शिशु) The young of man or any other animal ः
a child under eight years of age.
Sa{8aca, S. (शैशव) Infancy, childhood.
* Sisullatyd, S. (from हत्या , killing) Abortion, child-murder.
SiTrA, Mal. (०6ls) A note, a bill (it is evidently only a
vernacular form of Chitthi, ५. v.)
SITTU DAwAyr, Tam. (Gीं)g)ंठTu-da) Fraud,embeZ2lement.
SITUA, (?) H. An iron instrument for scraping off the exuded
juice of the poppy.
Sitjsi, IBeng. (जिजैनी) A kind of basket used for throwing
up water from a reservoir or river for irrigation.
SIvA, wernacularly pronounced SHIvA, SHIB, SHEO, SHItj, &c.
S. &c. (शिव) The third member of the Hindu triad, the
deity presiding ower destruction and renowation, and ordi
narily worshipped in the form of the Linga.
Sica-bhakta, S. &c. (from भक्तः, devoted to) A worshipper of
Siva in preference to any other diwinity : in the south of
India a Ling/wit, ५. v. _ in fixing the assessment : dues claimed by the proprietors
Sicttlaya, corruptly, Seicala, Shircala, Shongala, Shercala,
S. &c. (from आालयः, an abode) A temple of Siva ः in
Bengal, a small temple or shrine having but one chamber,
in the centre of which stands a Linga, usually of white or
black stone ; occasionally twelve such temples are arranged
immediately adjoining, or Separated into two divisions of
six each by a gateway or landing-place when on a river
bank, representing the twelve great Lingas that were wor
shipped in different parts of India at the time of the first
Mohammadan invasion under Mahmud of GhaZni ः occa
sionally a larger number, or as many sometimes as I0S are
found in one group.
Sicali, Karn. (*२०४) A caste of Brahmans, or individual
4S(G
SIW
of it ः originally from Tuluva, common in the north-west
of Mysore.
Sicalinga, S. &c. (शिवलिंगी) A worshipper of the Linga,
one who carries the type on his person.
S. प्रीति, pleasing, or उच्वर:, result) Lands granted rent-free
for the maintemance of the worship of Siva.
Sigardi, GuZ. (*{l०५२u४) A copper coin current in the
Dakhin, coined originally by Sicaji.
Sicardtrः, vernacularly, Shioarat, S. &c. (शिवराची) The
night of Siva, a popular festival in honour of Siva on
the fourteenth of the moon's wane in Māgha (January
February) : a rigorous fast is observed during the day
and night, and Siva is worshipped in the form of the
-Dinga.
Saica, S. &c. (शैव) A worshipper or votary of Siva.
Sioashdhā-bijhd, Mar. (fशवशाहीवीघा) The bighं ofSicaji’s
assessment containing 8926ं sguare yards.
Sicashdhā-hathi, corruptly, Sheoshaee-hatty, Mar. (शिवशा
हीकाठी) A rod used in surveying, of five hdths, and five
mithis, or nearly ten feet, named after the Maratha chief
Sicaji. See Kathi.
Sigottara, corruptly, Sheotr, Sheroutter, S. &c. (शिवोच्हणं)
Land rent-free, as originally granted in honour of Sica.
SrvAR, Mar. (fशवाण) The whole of the lands of a village.
SIWAf, corruptly, SwAEE, H. &c. (A. .slxs) Besides, except,
over and above : any addition to the standard or customary
rewenue, wllether as an increase of the amount or in the
shape of a new or additional cess or impost ः profits from
land other than those of cultivation, as the rent of fisheries,
forest produce, and the like, some of which are included
of a willage from non-proprietary residents for houses, shops,
and temples,in some cases recognised and recorded officially.
Singdi-jam4, H. (e*-५.s';“), Sincd्/:jamd, blunderingiy,
Sicaee, and Waee:jumnad, Mar. (शिवायजमा) Extra revenue,
extra or miscellaneous collections: in the south the term
denotes the revenue derived from all taxes except those
raised from land, and exclusive of customs and transit dues,
comprising, under the native gowernments, a vast number
of petty and vexatious imposts ः in Mysore it also applied
to escheats ; the effects of a person dying without heirs,
which descended to the gowernment.
StwAi, or SBwAf, H. (.sy०, सिवाई, सेवाई) A kind of soil,
a mixture of clay and sand suited for any grain except rice.
 Siw
Sf wAN, or SiyAR, Tam.(Gu-drTC्ा * Gu-drT Br) A great great
grandfather.
SyrRITI, S. &c. (स्मृति:) The body of the recorded or re
membered law, the ceremonial and legal institutes of the
Hindus.
Smdrtta, S. &c. (स्माज्ञै:) Relating to the Smriti or Hindu
law : applied especially in the South of India to a numerous
and influential sect of Brahmans founded by Samkardं
ch4rya, whose expositions of the principle of unity, accord
ing to the Wedanta doctrine, they professedly follow : Siva
is newertheless held by them in especial honour : their chief
establishment is at Sringagiri, but they are found through
out the Dakhin, and are treated with great weneration by
the people in general : they are distinguished by horiZontal
lines on the forehead made with the ashes of burnt cowdung.
SMASANA, vernacularly, also, MASAN and SAMSHAN, S. &c.
(श्मशानं) A place set apart in which the dead are burned,
a cemetery.
SNANA, S. &c.(स्नानं) Bathing, ablution, especially the bathing
in sacred waters, considered as a daily observance or as
an essential part of some particular ceremonial : the cere
mony of bathing or washing an idol.
Sndmaj/ditrd, vernacularly, Sndnjdtrd, S. &c. (स्नानयात्रा)
The bathing festival held on the day of full moon in J/esh
tha, when images of Krishna as Jagannatha are carried
outandbathed : thisis, in Orissa, the Same as the ftathdydtrd.
SoBHANA, S. &c. (शोभन) Beautiful, auspicious : any festive
celebration, a festival held when a wife having come of
fit age is carried home to the house of her husband : the
thirty-seventh year of the cycle : also, S0bllakriti, or, in
the south, Sobhakrutti. _ SoMA, vernacularly, SoM, S. &c. (सोम) The moon, also a
Sop, Sop, or SoR, or SOR, Mar. (सोड, शोड, from H. 94-,
chhorna), Sijpr, Karn. (हैx००९०) Letting go, remitting,
remission of a debt, abatement of a charge or demand : the
amount remitted or abated.
Sodchiti, or Sodchithं, Mar. (सोडविटी) A bill of release,
a deed of acduittance or relinduishment.
SoDAkA, S. &c. (सोदकं, from सं, with, उदक, water) A kins
man connected by offerings of water to the manes of a
Commom amcestOr.
SoDARA, S. &c. (सोदरं, from सं, with, उदरं, belly) A brother
of whole blood, having the same mother as well as father.
SODHA, vernacularly SoDH, S. &c. (-ve*५, शोध) Correction,
purification, discharge of a debt, fulfilment of an agree
ment, and the like.
487
SOM
Sodhama, S. &c. (शोधन) Purifying, making pure, com
pleting, Settling.
Sodhama, also Sodhd, Thug. Money or property concealed,
search made for it.
S6dhamai, Tam. (3errg&ठा) Examination, search, cross
questioning in a court of.justice.
SoDwANf, Mar. (सोडवणी) The water that runs through gar
dens in small temporary channels for irrigation.
SoHAGIA, more correctly SAUHAGIA, H. (५s५.) A class of
Mohammadan fakfrs who dress in female attire, and play
and dance for hire at religious festivals.
SoHALA, SoHAI.A, Mar. (सोहव्ठा, सोहाळा) Any festive cere
mony or occasion, as adoption, marriage, or the like.
SoHARwARDf, (?) H. The name of a class of Mohammadan
religious mendicants.
SOKHA, Hindi (सोषा) A conjuror, a wi2ard.-Chota Nagpur.
SoLA, Tel. (C”9), SOLAGE, SOLIGE, Karn. (हैx/6e)7रं,
हैx/697रं) The sixty-fourth part of the measure of capacity
called T'4m, G. v.
Solage-7udde, Karn. (हैx००7ंxं) The fees of the willage
accountant.
SOLANKI, (?) The name of a Rajput tribe in the west of India
and GuZerat.
SOLULi, pronounced, commonly, SORULI, corruptly, SAROOLI,
SOOROOLLy, Mar. (सोकुली, from सोळ्ा, sixteen) A mea
Sure of grain containing 10 10diyalis : the term also desig
nates the class of villages in which the measure of I(G
;pdyalis is used, in distinction from those willages which are
termed Bdruli, from their using a measure of 12 (bdra)
1)dyalis.
climbing plant from which a juice is extracted by pressure,
which, when fermented, is offered in libation to the gods
or to fire (Sarcostema, or Asclepias wiminalis).
Somagdra, vermacularly, Somudr, Sombd)", S. &c. (सोमवार)
Monday, the day of the moon.
Somagdrydteli, Mar. (सोमवान्यातेली) An oil-maker of a par
ticular class, the members of which are worshippers of
Siva as Soma, and do no work on Monday.
Soma/tija, S. &c. (याग , a sacrifice) A sacrifice, a ceremony
in which the juice of the Somma plant is presented in obla
tion, and drunk by the assistants when in a state of vinous
fermentation : it is a Waidik ceremonial, and has much
fallen into disuse.
Somacati, S. (सोमवती) A ceremony observed by Maratha
 SOM
women ; circumambulating a Pipal tree, and placing offer
ings on it when the new moon falls on a Monday.
SoMMALI, Tam. (GerrthuoT6rf), from Gerrth, for खं,own)
An heir. .
SoMM U, Tel. (o’ं) Money, property, including jewels.
SONA, H. (७x~, from S. मुवणै), SONA, Beng. (८ञ्जनि'), SONES, SowAI.A, or SoNwALA, Mar. (सोवळा, सीवळा) Pure, as a
Mar. (सोनं) Gold.
Sondr, Hindi, Mar. (सोनार्, abridged from S. मुवणैकाग्),
Sundr, H. 9५.), Stinagar, Karn. (हैx००९K3xॐ), Soni,
Gu2. (ंतut[l) A goldsmith, a jeweller, a worker in the
precious metals and in jewellery : applied also as a name
of the caste which is said to have sprung from a Brahman
father and Sttdra mother, being in that case the Parāsava
of Manu : among the Marathas there are various subdi
visions of the Somdr caste, some of whom disclaim this
origin, and pretend to beUpa-Brahmanas, minor Brahmans:
they wear the Brahmanical cord, and claim a right to have
the Wedas performed in their families by their own priests ः
they are known as Kandri, IPanchdla, and Kokamasth।
Somars : another tribe is designated Tºathakdr Sondrs :
other classes are of inferior pretensions, and are termed
Nich, or low Sondrs : they eat animal food.
S6ndr-4yati-dhttli-ag/a, Karn. (हैx/6eजठॐe3०ऽO3ंऽाष्ट्र.
९?e०9) The name of the fees paid to the persons em
ployed to measure the grain for the cultivators.
SoNA, (?) Beng. Land producing dsu or ouse rice, See Asu.
Sonadanga, (?) Beng. High land that cannot be irrigated.
SoN RRA, Thug. The first person murdered after setting out.
SoNTA, H. (Gx) A mace, a staff
Sontebarddr, H. 9'9xं;“) A mace or staff-bearer, a
servant carrying a short thick stick, usually coated with
silver, attending on persons of rank.
SONTAM, Tam. (Gerrं,gia, from S. स्बं, own) Property, |
own or peculiar property or possession.
Somtakdram, Tam. (Gerrं,ंठकैerTDrठैी) A proprietor,
an OW Inelr_
SONwAPHAGAN, (?) Hindi, Present or fee to government at
public festivals.-Kamaon.
SosE, Karn. (ंx‘अंC) A daughter-in-law.
-3 -9 _ _
S6dara-sose, Karn. (हैx/6९66 (O-अं9) A man's sisters
daughter, or a woman's brother’s daughter.
SosTi.JAMis, (?) Mar. Land assessed at the customary or esta
blished rate.
SoTA, incorrectly, SONTA, H. (S;“ , S. स्रोतस) A channel, a
natural water-course or passage.
488
SRA
SoTAZAMIN, (?) Tel, A kind of soil, clay and lime, cultivated
in the rains for rice.-Northern Sarkārs.
SoTHA, Thug. The person employed to inveigle travellers.
SoTf, Hindi (सोती) A ravine which in the rains or floods
becomes a water-course.
Brahman, or as articles that are free from profane con
tamination, that are fit for sacred offices or offerings, and
liable to be defiled by impure contact.
SRADDHA, vernacularly, SRADH, SHRADH, SHRADD'HA, S. &c.
(श्राड़ः) An obseguial ceremony in which food and water
are offered to the deceased ancestors of the sacrificer, or to
the Pitris or manes collectively : these ceremonies are ob
served on occasions of rejoicing as well as of mourning,
and hence various Srdddhas are enumerated.
I. Dasapinda Srdddha, or Preta S. An offering of a
pinda or ball of rice to a person deceased by the next of
kin, increasing the number daily for ten successive days,
until they amount to ten. _
2. Ekdda8? S. Presentation of offerings to the deceased on
the eleventh day after his decease, on which occasion Brah
mans are fed, and the period of uncleanness for a Brahman
terminates.
Masika, or Annoahdrya S. Performed monthly for the first
year after a person's decease, on the day of his death, ac
companied also by the feeding of Brahmans.
Sapindana, or Sapindi-karama S. Performed on the first
anniversary after a person's death, in which the deceased
is associated with his progenitors, and balls of food are
presented to him with his father and grandfather, and
water is given for four other ascending generations : some
times the process is so far abridged that the Sapindana
is performed on the twelfth day after a person's death. Some
other supplementary Srdiddhas within the twelvemonth are
occasionally practised, but they are of local observance.
These Srdddhas are alsodesignated as Ekoddishta,designed
(uddishta) for an individual (ela), being intended to secure
the admission of the one person deceased into the region
of the pitris or manes : as contrasted with the Ekoddishta
_
"
Srdddhas, are the Paircana Srdiddhas, which are the ob
seguial offerings to ancestors in both the patermal and ma
ternal lines for three generations, at the junctures or periods
of the month, as the new moon : Srdddhas are also dis
tinguished as,
l. Vitya, Constant, those enjoined by positive precept to
 SRA
be performed, such as daily offerings to the manes in
general, and those termed Ashtakas from their being offered
on the eighth lunation of certain months.
2. Naimittika, Occasional, such as those for a relative
recently deceased, or Such as are to be performed on
warious domestic occurrences, as the birth ofa son, &c. ; and
8. Kamga, Woluntary, performed for a special object, such
as the hope of religious merit and of heaven : besides these,
different authorities specify,
Wriddhi, or Ablyudayaka Srdddha, Performed on occa
sions of increase or prosperity.
Goshthā S. A ceremony performed for the benefit of an as
sembly of learned Brahmans.
Suddhi S. An expiatory or purificatory rite.
JKarmdhuja S. Performed as the preparatory or subsidiary
part (anga) of any solemn rite (karma).
JDaica S. Inhonour of the deities collectively, or Wisroadecas.
*dtrd S. Performed by a person going on a journey.
JPushtt S. Performed to obtain health and prosperity.
Nandi-mukha S. also performed for the sake of securing
prosperity on occasions of domestic rejoicing.
-Darsa S., or 4macdsya S. Performed at new moon before
the moon is wisible : this is the season especially appro
priate to all occasionul Srdddhas.
JMahalaya S. A Sraddha performed in the last half of
JBhadra, immediately before the Dasahard.
The proper Seasons for the worship of the manes col
lectively are the dark fortnight or period of the moon's
wane : the day of new moon ः the days called Ashtakas,
or the eighth lunations of the dark fortnight of the four
months of the cold weather : the Summer and winter sol
stices, the vernal and autumnal eduinoxes, the sun's em
trance into a new sign, certain other astronomical periods,
and eclipses : the presentation of the Pinda to the deceased
and to his progenitors in both lines is the office of the
nearest male relative, and is the test and title of his claim
to the inheritance.
SRAMANA, S. &c. (श्रमण) A religious mendicant, especially
one of the Buddhist religion.
SRAwAKA, vernacularly, SRAwAR, S. &c. (श्रावक) Lit., A
hearer, a lay-member of the Jain religion.
SRAwANA, vernacularly, SRAwAN, SAwAN, or SAwAN, cor
ruptly, SAwN, S. &c. (श्रावण:) The fourth month of the
Hindu year, July-August.
Srdicami, S. &c. (श्रावणी), vernacularly, Sacamā, (सावनी)
489
SRO
Day of full moon in the month Srdoama : the autumn
harwest.
SRAwITTA-SA KSHI, Karn. (७च्)२6.त्येव् ं, from the S. श्रुत
सIघ्यं) Oral testimony, or rather hearsay evidence.
SRAwA, pron. SHRAwA, Karn. (ॐ०ऽ०) Depreciated land,
land let at a rate below its original walue, to which it is
expected gradually to rise again.
Sraya-chitiं, or -patt6ं, Karn. (ॐ०9a*९&3०, ॐ॰ं)
ILease of land let below its value.
Srayastt//ucali, Karn. (ॐ०ऽoत्येव्%ॐ९) Farming land om
a rent below its original walue, and progressively rising
to it.
SRENi, S. &c. (श्रेणी) A row, a line : a corporation or asso
ciation of persons following the same trade or occupation :
a court of arbitration formed of persons in the same line
of business. -
SRi, S., but used in all the dialects, vulgarly, SHRf or SHREE,
(श्री) Prosperity, fortune, wealth, also their personification
as a goddess, the goddess of prosperity, and wife of Wishnu ः
the term is used as an honorific prefix to the names of
persons or divinities, and also at the beginning of manu
scripts, letters, and other documents, and, when intended to
be very complimentary, may be repeated, as, Sri Srः .7a
?/aram, Sri Sri Sri Durgd, or the repetition is indi
cated by a numeral, as Sri G. (श्री प), means Sri five times
repeated.
Srimahha, S. &c. (श्रीमुख) The seventh year of the cycle.
Sripanchami, S. &c. (श्रीपञ्चमी) A festival on the fifth of
the light half of Maigha in honour of Sarasicati, the god
dess of learning, when books and the implements of writing
are worshipped.
Srf-Rama, or, vernacularly, Sri-Tºdim, S. &c. (श्रीराम:) The
demigod Rātma, whose mame in this form is also used as
a term of salutation between those who especially worship
Wishºu in this acatdra.
Sr4-Baima-nacam{,S.&c. (श्रीरामनवमी) The ninth of Chaitra,
the anniversary of the birthday of Rama, held as a festival.
Sr4-oaishnaca, S. &c. (श्रीवैष्णवः) A member of the branch
of wotaries of Wishna who follow the teaching of Itdmdnuja.
SRINKHALA, S. &c. (शृंखला), wernacularly, SANKHALA, Mar.
(शखला), SANK'HOLi, Uriya (glG६f|7.1) A chain, fetters, a
measuring chain, one measuring eleven yards (?).
Srinkhal4.jdmini, corruptly, Sankala, or Sankali.jdmini,
Mar. (शृंखलाजामिनी) Joint security
SROTRIvA, vernacularly, SHRoTRIWA, S. &c. (श्रोत्रिय:) A Brah
6I
 SRO
man well read in the Wedas, who teaches and expounds
them.
SROTRIWAyf, pron. SHROTRIAM, corruptly, SHoTRIUM, Tel.
(७े2&,०७० ॐ99), SRoTRryAGRAstA, Karn. (७घ/९(3)०ं9
७ाज्ध्, ॐO), Tam. (EGDrrा ट्रैट्ठीDhu-ta) Lands, or a village,
held at a favourable rate, properly an assignment of land or
revenue to a Brahman learned in the Wedas, but latterly ap
plied generally to similar assignments to native servants of
the government, civil or military, and both Hindus and Mo
hammadans, as a reward for pastservices: a Srotriyam grant
gives noright ower the lands, and thegrantee cannotinterfere
with the occupants as long as they pay the established rents.
Srotri/a-ddr, corruptly, Shotraddr, Shotrium-dair, Shro
trium-ddr, Tel. &c. (from P. 9le, who has) The holder
of a village under a Srotri/a grant.
SRUTI, S. &c. (श्रुति:) Hearing, applied especially to the Vedas
collectively, in contradistinction to the Sm?’iti, or law.
Srauta, S. &c, (श्रौत) Of or belonging to the Wedas, as a
text, a ceremony, &c.
Sraatakarma, S. (श्रोतकम्मॆ) A religious or ceremonial ob
servance enjoined by or conformable to the Wedas.
STAM IBHA-PU.JA, S. &c. (स्तम्भपूजा, from स्तम्भः, a post, and
पूजा, worship) Worship of the posts of the temporary
pawilions erected for marriages or other festive occasions.
STEvA, S. &c. (स्तेय) Theft, robbery.
STHALA,wernacularly, STHAL, or STHUL, abbrewiated to THAL,
or THUL, corruptly, STUL, STULL, STULH, S. &c. (स्यल)
Spot, site, place, firm ground, whence, in some of the dia
lects, a field, a portion of land comprising several fields,
a tract, a district, a piece of ground raised and drained :
in some places a measure ofland the same as the Kargi, g. v.
also, figuratively, station, place, appointment.
Sthala-karanam,Tel(ंesं७०) The accountantofa district.
Sthalalu-jaibita, Tel. (ंध्ecश्चाeं) A list offields, shew
ing the number cultivated and the crops raised on each.
Sthala-mdnyam, corruptly, Stala-maniyem, Karn. (Ko9
०Ge.७8०) Land held at a guit-rent.
Sthala-md?'6a, Mar. (स्यलमार्गे) A road or way by land, in
opposition to a Jala-mdirga, or route by water.
Sthal-bharit, Mar. (स्यलभरीत) Duty on transport of articles
from a village or on goods purchased and conveyed by
land, transit duty.
Sthalird/{/, corruptly, Sthalmrayh, Mar. (स्यलवाहीक) A
cultivator who has become a proprietor by hereditary oc
eupation of a given piece of land for a considerable period.
490
STR.
Sthalicdr, H. ()'9ं.) According to the land or place, by
or according to the fields, as an estimate of their produce,
&c., also, corruptly, Stulicttr, a willage watchman ; in
Karnata (?).
STHANA, or STHANAM, vernacularly, STHAN, or THAN, vul
garly, STANoM, S. &c. (स्यानं) Place, site, station, an open
place in a town, also the residence of a religious mendi
cant: also, a staying, the act or place of staying or abiding ः
also, continuation, and, fig-, rank, dignity
Sthdnamdinam, Mal. (Cron0CO29CO०, from S. मान, respect)
The rank and emoluments of a public employment.
Sthdnamhdr, corruptly, Stanomkatr, Mal. (Cron0Co००8,0fo)
The head man and manager of a temple.
Sthdndpat{,Mal.(cronpoopa–। (्रौ) An envoy, an ambassador.
Stlidnikan, corruptly, Staneeltum, Staneegam, Stamahul,
Mal. (croppo?leort), S. स्यानिक) One who holds or be
longs to a place, one who holds an office, a placeman : a
governor or Superintendant of a district : the director or
manager of a temple, sometimes held hereditarily : a person
who superintends the ceremonies or officiates in a temple,
an officiating priest or Brahman.
Sthandila86/{, S. &c. (स्यंदिलशायी) An ascetic who sleeps
on the bare ground.
STHAPATI, S. &c. (स्यपति) A carpenter, a wheelwright, a
mason, a master carpenter or mason : a guard of the female
apartments : a chief
STHAwARA, vernacularly, STHAwAR, STHABAR, S. &c. (स्यावर)
Fixed, stationary, immoweable, applied to real property, also
to valuables which have long been in a family and ought
not to be parted with.
Sthdicara-dratya, S. (द्रव्यं, thing) Immoveable property.
STHt LAMAN, Mar. (स्थूलमानं, S. स्यूल, gross, and मान, mea
sure) Gross measure, measuring any thing without much
regard to accuracy : a general and rough estimate or com
putation.
STOBHARA, (स्तोभक) An informer, one who volunteers to give
secret information for the sake of profit.
STRf, S. &c. (स्त्री) A woman, a wife, a female.
St?’{dhama, S. &c. (स्त्रीधनं) Woman's wealth : the peculiar
property of a woman or wife ower which, under ordinary
circumstances, she has independent control, and which de
scends to her daughter or next of kin ; her power to dis
pose of it during her husband’s life is subject to his will,
ānd lle has a right to use it in cases of distress or neces
sity : the rights of both husband and wife to this descrip
 STR
tion of property depend, hovever, very much upon the cus
toms that prevail in different places. Woman's property is
variously distinguished according to the sources whence it
is derived, or circumstances under which it is acduired, as
follows. _
4dhyagni, Adhyogmika, or Ad//ajnyupdjata, (अध्यग्नि,
चभ्यग्निकः, अध्यग्मुपागत) What is given upon (adhi), or
in the presence of a nuptial fire, by a member of either
family.
Adhyardhamiha, (अध्यवाहनिक) What is given at the nuptial
procession, or when the bride is conducted to her husband’s
house.
Priti-datta, (प्रीतिदत्तं) Given by her husband or his relations
at any time, in token of affection.
Bhrdtri-, Mitri-, or Pitri-datta, (भ्रातृ-, मातृ-, पितृ-दत्व) What
is given by her brother, mother, or father.
Pautaha, or Hautula, (योतक , योजुक, from यु, to join) All
kinds of property acGuired at or by marriage.
4gyautuka, (अयोतुक) Property acduired on any other occa
sion than marriage.
4n rddheya, (अन्वाधेय) Whatever is to be presented (ddheya)
to a woman after (amu) marriage by her husband’s family.
Sauddyika, (सीदायिक) The gift (ddya) of affectionate (su)
kindred.
Adhiredaniha, (स्राधिवेदनिक) A gift or settlement on a first
wife by her husband on his contracting a second marriage.
P4rinaya, (पारिणय) Paraphernalia, ornaments, or other
property acduired by marriage.
Sulka, (शुल्क) Fee, tax, perguisite : properly it is the sum paid
to the father of the bride as a consideration for his daughterः
as applied to female property it is explained as money given
to her to induce her to go to her husband’s house, or pay
to a woman for work done, or as a bribe to her to do
something herself or induce her husband to do it.
Paidatandamika, (पादवंदनिक) A present to a bride in re
ward of her humbly saluting (candama) her husband, or,
literally, his feet (pdda) on entering his house.”
Jdicanydrjita, (लावण्याज्जेित) Property acguired (arjita)
by a wife from her husband, given in affection or in ad
miration of her beauty (lacanya).
Stridharma, S. &c. (स्त्रीधम्मॆ:) The duty of a wife or of a
woman in general.
Strthat/6ं, S. (स्त्रीहत्या) Murder or injury of a woman.
Stripumdharma, S. (स्त्रीपुंधम्मै:) Mutual duties of husband
and wife.
491
SUD
Strtsangrahama, S. (स्त्रीसंग्रहण) Adultery, unlawful or adul
terous intercourse with a woman.
Strisattaikaputra, S. (स्त्रीसन्नाकपुत्र:) A son obtained through
the wife.
Striydichitaputra, S. (स्त्रीयाचितपुच:) A son obtained through
a wife's solicitations.
SUAL, commonly, SUwAL, corruptly, SowAL, H. (A. Jx)
Interrogatory ५uestioning, a reguest, a petition.
Sudl-i-makarrar, H. (A. 2*ं) A petition or representa
tion of the circumstances of a case, a representation to the
ruling authority of the proceedings in respect to a grant of
reWenue.
SUBAH, SooBAH, H. &c. (A. A५9-०), SUBHA, Mar. (सुभा) A
province, a gowernment : one of the larger subdivisions
of the Mogul dominions, Such as Oudh, Bengal, Bahar,
&e. : among the Marathas it is sometimes applied to a
smaller division comprising from five to eight tardf&.
Sibaliddr, H. &c. (9'e&;~), Subhedd?’, Mar. (मुभेदार) The
governor of a province, a viceroy under the Mogul go
vernment : a native officer in the Company's army holding
a rank eduivalent to that of captain under the European
officers.
Sibahdirं, H. &c, (.9le.५,०), Sabheddrं, Mar. (मुभेदारी)
The office of viceroy or governor.
Sibahddrt-abrodb, H. (-);:) Taxes imposed by the viceroy
in addition to the fixed assessment. See AUn’6b.
Sibahddri-pariodina, H. (ं}9ं) An order issued by a S6
bahdar : a wiceregal assignment of revenue.
SUBHKHEZ, H. 9**-3~) A morning thief one who steals
before people are awake (from stibh, morning, and Whe’,
rising), _
Subh-mamd2,orSalat,H. 9५*ं6~, 9~3~) Morning prayer,
the prayers at day-break enjoined on all Mohammadans.
SUBHA, vernacularly, SUBH, or SHUBH, S. &c. (शुभं) Good, .
auspicious.
Subhdkriti, vermacularly, Shubhakruti, (शुभाकृति) The 80th
year of the cycle, A.D. I842.
SUCHAKA, S. &c. (शूचक) An informer, a spy : in law, a person
appointed to detect culprits, also one who volunteers to
give ewidence in a court of law.
St D, H. &c. (P. ex०, सूद), St D, Beng. (जून), Sun, or Sunf।,
Uriya (१६), क्षुध) Interest, profit, usury : an extra tax
exacted from the cultivators in Bengal under the native
gowernment, and in the early period of British rule, on
pretext of defraying the interest due by the Zamindārs on
_ __-_-__`T

SUK
SUD

arrears of revenue : interest on loans subseduent to January Suggihabba, Karn. (ं?,०8) Offering the first gather
1708 limited to 12 per cent. per annum. Reg. xw.1703. ings of the harvest to the village goddess.
Sid-al-mugif, H. (A. ५-9-4०, added) The accumulation of Suggikal, less correctly, Sukkikdl, Karn. (ंc2 प्ठव्e) Har

interest so as to double the original debt. vest time : a season of plenty.

Sid-ehottar, H. (S. टक, one, and उत्तर, additional) Interest Stji, Stjui, H. (.3x०, L-x५, from S. शूषि, a needle) A
at one per cent. per annum. _
tailor, the willage tailor, sometimes included among the
Sudlukhaibdir, Uriya (ga६||२६|ं) Usury, lending money willage servants.
at interest. SUJf, Soo.J EE, H. (Lति-9“) The flour ground from the heart
of the wheat : the Simola of the Italians.
Sudlkhor, Beng. (जूनरथीत)
A money-lender, a usurer.
SU D, Mar. (मूड) Inguiry, investigation : an abstract willage SUKAL, GuZ. (शु%&t) A priest of lay Brahmans.
SUKALIGARU, plur. Karn. (KCCo9xCC) A class of Hindus
account furnished by the willage to the district revenue
officer at the end of the year (? the spelling of the word in Karnatta leading a vagrant life, trading in wood, bambus,
in the second sense), grain, and salt, and acting as the chief inland carriers ;
SUDD'HA, vernacularly, SUDII, abbreviated SU, S. &c. (शुड) they have a peculiar dialect, and are considered in many
Pure, clean, bright : the bright half of the lunar month, or respects analogous to gypsies : in other places the Sukdli
that of the moon's increase : the purificatory obseguial cere is an itinerant dealer in grain, and is considered, perhaps
mony of a person deceased. incorrectly, the same as the IBanjdra.
SUDI, H. &c. (.se~, मुदि) The bright half of a lunar month, SUKARISTI, (?) Mar. An occupant of lands of which there
from new to full moon. are no proprietors, and which have become the property of
Stj DRA, vulgarly, SooDER, S. &c. (शूद्र) The designation of the community.
the fourth or serwile caste of the Hindus, or of a member SUKHA, vernacularly, SUKH, S. &c. (मुख) Happiness, ease,
of it : the term is now vaguely and incorrectly applied to pleasure.
all the mixed castes, to all who are not either Brahmans Sakhasdla, Karn. (KGeoत्यव्9) Bail or surety for a debt.
or outcastes; to all the other castes engaged in agriculture, Sukhardsi, corruptly, Sookamcasee, Sookrroosee, Tam. (Geº
trade, arts, and manufactures. 6urTC) One who lives at his ease, or where he pleases ः
Sachchatdra, Beng. (जह्रुश्च, from S. सत, good) A Sidra applied to a person who is not bound to any particular
who has gone through theinitiatory ceremonies of the Brah spot by the possession of houses or land, but lives com
manical caste, a practice which, though illegal, is some fortably by trade or industry : in Kamaon, Sukham-bdist.
times observed. See Satsudra. _
Salahacasthudijan,Tam.(Geक6-IIT Gीकैंट)4-८,०ऎा) Persons
St DU, Tam. (ट्',G) A sheaf a bundle of rice-corn cut in the who live by the produce of rented lands.
Sukhac4sitircai,Tam. (GeE6t-lrTeº रृणैव्यु6L) Tribute or
• field, especially when given to the village servant : also a
burning or a brand. tax which persons living by rented lands pay to the land
Sidukol, Tam. (G,$े,GErrं) A branding iron. lords or proprietors.
Sududddu, Karn. (Ko॰7ज्ध्ॐ9) A place where dead bodies Salahardsicaram, Tam. (Ge6-rTeºl6-rT Drta) The share
are burned. of the produce accruing to the cultivator, as distinguished
Stidu///idusidda, Karn. (७४७ज्ञॐं७ं)
The keeper of from that which goes to the Zamindār or the government.
Sukhoasti, corruptly, Sooklurustie,Mar. (सुखवस्ती) Residence
a place where bodies are burned, who lewies a fee from
the burners : one who farms a burning or burying-place at any place during pleasure or convenience, not being
of the government. tied to it by property or office.
SU Fi, II. (A. ८*~) Wise, a sage, the member of a particular Sulth castd, corruptly, Sookmpustoo, Mar. (सुखवस्तू) A person
sect of Mohammadans who have adopted a mystical pan sojourning at any place for his own pleasure or convenience.
theism and spiritual lowe in secret, although outwardly con SUKHADI, or SUKIIARI, corruptly, SoOKREE, and SUKHIDDBE,
GuZ. (क्षुv{{t) A fee, a per५uisite, a bonus or reward, a
forming to Mohammadanism.
SUGGI, corruptly, Sooo Uw, Karn. (CCA, from S. मुखी) Spring douceur, a bribe.
Sukhadi-cludndlo,GuZ. (क्षु vt४tन्५u०९८ºu) A fee, a present, a
harvest, the second crop of rice.
492
 SUK
douceur, a fee levied by the agents of the Maratha govern
ment from the willagers, for the trouble of rating the as
seSSment. `*
SURRAN, H. (A. ७४-“). A helm, a rudder.
Sukhdmi, H. (A. Jं~) A steersman, a helmsman : cor
rupted by Europeans commonly to Seacummj/.
SUKRARAN, or SUKKARAskAL, Tam. (Gकै८D' ँ), टँट्
DrॐाeE6b) Limestone or hanhar.
Sukkaramiru, Tam. (Gकैट्,Drcर्गpp) I,ime.
Suhkaramilam, Tam. (e Ge:Drpl6uta) Soil mixed with
limestone or modules of kankar.
SUKLA, vernacularly, Shukl, S. &c. (शुज्ञ) White, bright : subs.,
the third year of the cycle, A.D. l800-1800.
Sahlpachchh, H. (-4*99.५, for S. Suklapaksha शुङ्खपष्ा) The
white or light fortnight, the half of a lunar month from
new to full moon.
St KRA, S. &c. (शुक्र) The planet Wenus.
Sahracdra, vernacularly, Shularbar, S. &c. (शुक्रवार) Friday,
dies veneris.
SUKRITA, Uriya (g|१६॥ , from the S. मुकृतं, what is done well
or properly) An oath.
SURRITI, S. &c. (सुकृति) IDoing well, wirtue, kindness.
Sukritibhanga, Beng. (जूजिज”, from S. भग, a breaking)
A Brahman who has lost his character and his caste.
Sukriti-ndmad, or -patra, IBeng. (जूंडिनाम।, or १ज्) A writ
ten affidavit or affirmation, in which a Brahman pledges
his good actions for the truth of his assertions.
St KsHyrAMAN, Mar. (मूष्ममान, from S. मूष्म, subtle, minute)
Accurate or minute measurement.
St LA, vernacularly, St L, or SU Lf, S. &c. (शूलं, शूली, J;“ ,
J;”) A pointed weapon, a pike or dart, a stake, a sharp
stake for impaling, whence it has come to be applied to
a cross, and to a gallows or gibbet.
Trisaila, vernacularly, Tirsail, S. &c. (चिशूलं, J*५,ं) A
weapon with three points, a trident, a weapon borne by,
and a type of Sica.
SULAIyA, Hindi (शुलैया) ILaid down, as corn by wind and
rain, or rice by currents.
SULB, H. (A. ५-~~) The loins : metaph., offSpring.
Sulbi, H. (A. J'~) IDescended, or Sprung from, begotten by.
SCL, incorreciy, SooLEH, corruptly, SoLA, H. (A. ~~)
Reconciliation, compact, treaty : in law, composition,े। a Salka, ५. w.),
contract by which contention is put an end to or prevented,
whether the subject in dispute be bodily injury or a civil
engagement : a compromise, an agreement.
498
SUN
Sulh-ikhtidri, A. (from _'AG*-', choice) A voluntary act of
composition. ..
Sall-kahri, H. (fromUं, violence) Compulsory composition,
made by order of the judge or other authority.
Sall-ndma, corruptly, Solanama, H. (P. 4.०७) A written
contract of peace or agreement, a deed of compromise.
SULKA, S. &c. (शुखं) Tax, toll, duty, marriage fee or dower,
profits of domestic labour when considered the perguisite
of the wife : in the dialects of the south this may become
Sumha, or Chumka. See Sumka.
SUT.S, H. (A. ५-*-4G) A third, a third part.
Sut.jAN, H. (A. Jue५.) A sovereign prince, a king, an
emperor.
Sultdmi, H. (c30al~) Relating to the sowereign, proceeding
from him or from the gowernment.
Salditin, H. (A. ७:e"~) Properly the plur. of Sultdm, but
in India designating the younger members of a royal fa
mily, especially of that of Delhi.
Sultamat, H. (A. ७“-40al॰) Dominion, empire, Sovereignty ः
an empire, a kingdom.
St M U, (?) A religious community resident in a religious
establishment, in Asam termed Shastar.
SUN, Thug. One of the clan by birth, but who has not at
tained the rank of a strangler.
St NA, Mar. (सूना, S. मुना , a daughter) A daughter-in-law,
also the wife of a brother's son, or of a husband’s bro
ther’s son, that is, a niece-in-law.
Sttnamukh, Mar. (मूनमुख) A ceremony after the consum
mation of a marriage, consisting of the inspection of her
daughter-in-law's face by the mother of the bridegroom.
SUNBURLi, SOONBOORLEE, Mar. (?) Black soil mixed with lime.
StºNDARi, corruptly, SooNDRIE, S. &c. (सुन्दरी) Asmall timber
tree, used chiefly as fire-wood (Heritiera minor), growing
extensively in the delta of the Ganges, and giving the
whole tract the name of Sumdarirana, or forest of Sundarf
trees, corrupted into Sunderbunds.
SUNIA, Uriya (ंधl) New-year’s day.
SUNIBA, Uriya (gāal) Hearsay (from Suma, S., to hear),
SUNKAM, or SUN KA, Karn. Tel. (Co०ऽ०, Ko०ठै०), also
Karn. SULKA (ं॰g), CHUNKAM, Mal. (2-486x०), Tam.
(Pr Jeta) Duty on goods, custom, toll ः (from the S.
Sumka-chaukā, Tel. (्3cc४ंठ`$) Custom-house.
Sunkadachdradi,or Sunkada-ka!!6, Karn. (ंccॐ8मव्ॐ०,
७०seं) A custom-house.
0 K
 SUN
Sunhadaguttije, or-ijare,Karn. (ंo०ॐ%9.7ं, .3aठळॐ)
Farm of, or contract for, government customs.
Sunkadakolkdr, Karn. (७००*ठैeनुवं) A kind ofexcise
officer, a spy on persons passing with goods, '
Sunkada-maniyagdr, Karn. (ं७०ॐ:ofo०ऽo7त्ळॐ) A
chief collector of customs.
Sumkadaca, Karn. (Ko०ॐ3) A custom-house officer.
Sunkadasanabh00, Karn. (Kocॐळळ),७े-०x) A clerk of
customS.
Gadisunka, Karn. (K०९:०००*) Out-station customs,
JDdrtsumha, Karn. (८ऽ०eeंo०ठै) By-way customs.
Uru-sunka, Karn. (थ्rv०ॐOKo०6) Tgwn dgties.
SUNNAT, or SUNNAH, H. &c. (A. ५-~५, &ं…) The tradi
tional law of Mohammadans based upon the sayings and
doings of Mohammad, and of scarcely inferior authority
to the text of the Kurān in the estimation of the Summis,
although not recognised by the Shias; also any obligatory
religious ceremony, as circumcision.
Sunnat-i-rahat, H. (A. e-*) , ५. v.) Ceremonial obser
wances enjoined in prayer upon the authority of tradition :
they are distinguished as Muroakkad(A%०), lit., confirmed
or absolute, having been enjoined and practised by Mo
hammad, and Ghair-mumakkad (A%9As), not absolute,
practised by Mohammad, but not obligatory on his followers.
Sumnat-ma.jamddt, H. (५-८५***५--~～~) The followers of
the traditions and of the first four khalifs.
Sumni, Soomee, H. (A. –*) A follower of the traditions :
the designation of one of the two great divisions of the
Mohammadans, characteriZed not only by the deference
which the members pay to tradition, but by their affirma
tion of the lawful succession of the first four khalifs,
Abubakr, Omar, Othmam, and -fli, in opposition to the
Shias, who denounce the three first as usurpers. The Sunnis
are thence sometimes termed also Chahdr-ydris, or wotaries
of the four friends. The Persians, and the lower orders
of the people of India, are Shias ; all the other Moham
madan nations Arabs, Turks, Afghans, and most of the
educated and respectable classes of Indians, are Sunnis.
St NBi, H.(.3ं;~) A distiller and vender of spirituous liguors.
SUNTAN, H. (A. ७ं…) Circumcision.
SUNTI, or SUTI, Beng. (फू*डि, जूडि) A channel between the
bank of a river and a shoal or Sand-bank.
Stj P, Mar. (मूपं, S. शूपै) A basket for winnowing corn : a SURsANNA, vulgarly, SURSAN, corruptly, SooRsUM, Mar.
wooden scopp suspended in a frame for throwing up water
for irrigation.
404
SUR.
SUPARi, or SCPIARi, H. &c. (.9५~, ५.9५:“) Betel-nut,
the fruit of the Areca catechu.
SUPARIwA, Thug. A gang or clan of Thugs originally from
Supar in Sindhia's country.
SUPURD, or SIPURD, H. &c. (P. exं॰) Delivering, giving
ower : relinguishing, as part of an estate held on lease, from
being unable to cultivate the'whole.
Supurdi, H. &c. (.se*“) The article or land delivered up.
Supurdndma, H. &c. (P. &-८७, a document) A deed of
delivery.
SU R, SooR, (?) A class of cultivators in Orissa.
SURA, H. &c. (S. ],*५, सुर) Wine, spirituous liguor.
Sarddhroaja, S. (from ध्वजं, a flag) A flag hung out as the
sign of a place where liguor is sold : a brand on the fore
head of a person convicted of intoxication.
St RA, or St RAT, H. (A. 9x०, ५-9x) A chapter of the
Kurān, of which there are I14.
SURAT-1-HAL, more commonly, SURAT-HAL, corruptly Soo
RooTHAL, SoRETHAL, (H. u)-“9*०, from A. ५-99-०,
form, fashion, and J-, condition) A representation or
report of the facts and circumstances of a transaction,
whether made by an individual before witnesses, or by a
Subordinate officer to a superior functionary : an inguest.
Sirat-mahal, H. (A. Je**, an estate) A list or register of
eStates.
Sttrat-ndma, H. (P. &०७, a document) A written detailed
account of an estate or a transaction.
SURHf, Hindi (सुरही) A kind of grass growing on neglected
or uncultivated land.
SURKHA, Hindi (सुखा) Tall lank plants, running up with
out a due proportion of leaf
SURMA, H. (*9~) Antimony or galena ground to a fine
powder and applied to the eyelids to improve the bright
ness of the eyes.
SURNis, SooRNEEs, Mar. (सुरनीस) One of the eight chief
officers of the Maratha state as first organised : the general
record keeper, registrar, and superintendant of correspon
dence, by whom all deeds and grants were examined and
authenticated ः (according to Molesworth the word is a
corruption of the Arabic and Persian words Shurud, be
ginning, and Shud, was, or finished, with the usual cor
ruption of nacis, writer),
(सुरसन्नं, for the A. Shaktir-san, cy५99ं , a year of months)
An era, partially current in the western Maratha districts,
 SUR
adopted probably from the Mohammadans : it commences
with the Hijra year 74े = A.D. 1844: to find the egui
valent of any year of this era add छै99ः in numbering the
Sursanna year the Arabic numerals, wernacularly modified,
are employed: thus the year l280 is expressed Salasima
maiatin-alifः
Stj RwA, used vernacularly, as well as SURJA, or, more usually,
SURAJ, or, sometimes, SURAJ, S. &c. (सूयै, सूरज, मुरज,
*89%“ , ह्)x“) The Sun.
Surajddha, Gu2. (सु.२.०४९u८, from S. दाह, burning) Expo
sure of dead bodies to the sun.
Stirgjgaham, H. &c. (७*ह्)y) Siryagrahama, S. (सूयैग्रहण,
from ग्रहणं, seiging) An eclipse of the sun.
Sttryagansa, vermacularly, sometimes, Sttrajbams, S. &c.
(सूपैबंशं, from
बंशं, a race) The family or race of the Sun,
from whom many of the Rajput tribes pretend to derive
their descent, through Rama, the sovereign of Oudh, the
thirty-fourth in descent from Ikshmodhu, the son of Wai
१:asmoata Mamu, the son of the Sun.
Stiryacansf, or Sirajbansi, S. &c. (पूयैर्बशी) A man of a
tribe professing to descend from the sun, a Rajput of the
solar race.
Satryaudra, or Sitrajbar, S. &c. (सूयैवार) Sunday.
SUsAL, Thug. A person whose head and neck are bare and
convenient for being strangled : one who is strangled with
out resistance : a Thug who has cleansed himselffrom any
stain of murder.
SUSAR, Hindi (सुसार) A dresser and seller of provisions, a
cook, a provisioner.-Chota Nitgpur.
SUsAR, Beng. (यूलीह, from S. सु, good, and सारं, essence) SuvALA, Mar. (मुवाळ्ा) A kind of boat of from 100 to 170
Property sufficient to discharge a claim or accomplish an
undertaking.
SUsAR, H. 9“, from S. `श्वसुर) A father-in-law, the father
of either husband or wife.
Susral, or Susrdr, H. (S. J}…०, 2!“) A father-in law*s
house or family.
SUSIA, Thug. A class of Thugs of a low Hindu caste for+
merly numerous in Malwa and Rajputana.
SUsfttjsHA, S. &c. (शुश्रूषा) Service, respectful or affectionate
service, not Serwitude or slavery ; such as the service of a
Stidra to a Brahman, a pupil to a teacher, a wife to a
husband, and the like.
SUSTf, SooSTEE, also SwASTf, SwASTHf, SoASTEE, (?) Mar.
A tenure by which land is held of a proprietor by a tenant
paying the full government assessment (the first word is
496
SWA
no doubt a blunder : Sicasti, meaning properly ' well
being,’ may be right.-E. I, Selectious, iv. छैं78, छै80).
Stjp, Mar. (सूट, from the H. chhat 'e;*) Remission, abate
ment (of a debt or just claim), also the amount remitted ः
release from bondage or slavery.
Stityo, Mar. (सूठ्चो) Liguidation or -discharge of a debt.
SUT,H.&c. (e-ºx५, from S. सूच) Thread, yarn ः a thread, a line.
Sutdr, H. &c. (S. )७…) A carpenter, the willage carpenter
and wheelwright.
Sutario, Gu2. (क्षुद1a२ft) A dealer in yarn or thread.
SUTA, S. &c. (सुत) A son. SUTA (सुता), a daughter.
Sattaka, S. (मूतक), vernacularly, Sutaka, (सुतक) Uncleam
ness or impurity contracted by all the members of a family
on the birth of a child or a miscarriage : in current use
the term is laxly extended to impurity arising from the
death of a relative, the application being sometimes limited
by a conjunct term, as, Jaita-stitaka, impurity from one
born (jata), IMritastitaka, from one dead (marita) : the
period of uncleanness waries according to the propinguity
of the relationship and local usage.
SUTARA, Hindi (सुतरं) A crop which, having been checked,
has recowered.-Puraniya.
SUTRA, S. &c. (सूच) A thread, a lineः a precept, an aphorism,
a brief rule of grammar, logic, philosophy, &c., in which
form the oldest Sanscrit writers usually express themselves.
SUTRAM, writtem, SUTTII.AM, Tam. (ट्', ँठीDrt) A piece
of machinery : (it has also the senses of the preceding).
Chakkar-stitram, Tam. (PGट्टैट्ट,ंठीDia) A water
wheel.
khamdis burthen.
SUvARNA, or SwARNA, S. &c. (सुवणै, खणे) Goldः a gold
smith's weight, edual to sixteen mdshas, which, at छ rattis
to the mdsha, make the sucarna much the same as the
tola, or from 175 to 180 Troy grains, according to the
variations in the value of the rattt.
SUw U RGHAL, corruptly, SEw URG.HAL, blunderingly, SwCUR
GHAL, SwKURGUL, H. (P. A. Jं9५०) An assignment
of land rewenue for charitable purposes : a jdgir or grant
of land revenue without any stipulation of military service
or other condition.
SwA, S. &c. (ख) Own, self ः in the neuter, Srcam (खं), Own
peculiar or independent right or property : property in
general : in some of the dialects, the conjunct letter mot
being capable of being written although pronounced cor
 SWA
rectly, Sica, is represented by Su-ca, sometimes abbreviated | SwAMi, S. &c. (खामी), SwAMI, or SAMI, from the latter of
to Su, as it is in Latin Su-us ः in Tamil, accordingly, it
is written Su (Gi), Suca (Ef6u), and Sicam is written
Sa-cam (G6-lia) ः it also occurs Som (GerTta).
Sroachchhanda, S. (स्वस्छन्द) Independent, wilful, following
one's own inclination : adw., of one's own will or accord.
Sicadasttir, Mar, (खदस्तूर्णं) Signature or other authentication
of a letter : used also with such words as khat, a writing,
written with one's own hand.
Sngai, IBeng. (जृं) Own right or property.
Siodin, Tam. (G6urTCंठा) A proprietor, a possessor.
Sicasthain, incorrectly, Samcusthatm, Mar. (S. स्बस्यान, from
स्व, own, स्यान, place) Estate, landed property.
Snºatantra, S. (स्बतंच, from स्ब, own, तंच, will) One who
is independent, or acts for himself : one who is legally
entitled to act without control or guardianship.
Snoatantram, S. (स्वतंत्रं) Own will or purpose : in Tamil,
in which it is in most common use with a modified ac
ceptation, it is pronounced in the same manner, but is
variously written as Sutamtaram, or Sutandaram, erro
neously, Sicatantaram, Sotundrum, or Sotuntrum, (E
रृंठग्रta), also Smratamtryam (PGuंठंठीDीLLib),
Sirditantryam, S. (स्वातंत्र्यं) Own or independent property,
hereditary right, either to real or personal property, or to
। privileges, per५uisites, or fees : also any fee or perguisite
claimable by a proprietor from a hereditary or other culti
vatdr of proprietary lands, either in his own right or in that
of a coparcenary body of proprietors.
Sºcatantraktiram, Tam. (Gंठं,ंठ DrेGrTDTCंठा) An owner,
an heir, one who enjoys any property of his own right.
Sicatantradittam, Tam. (Gंठं,ंठग्रंठीt--ta) Certain fees
of corn in straw before threshing, received by the J/irdsddrs
in the Tamil provinces : any fee or privilege claimable by
the village servants, musicians, or the like.
Snºatica, S. (म्बत्व) Ownership, proprietary or peculiar right.
Sicatncat/tijapatra, S. &c. (स्बत्वत्यागपच) A deed of con
veyance or of gift ; any document conveying away pro SwARNAyr, S. &c, (खगै), Tam. (G6-फै' ँाऽऽाta), also Son
prietary or peculiar property or rights.
SwAD1!A, S. &c. (स्वधा) An exclamation used at the presen
tation of oblations to fire or to the manes, or at the closing
term of a short prayer to them.
SwADityAwA, S. &c. (स्वाध्याय) The reading or study of the
Wedas.
SwAGATAsr. S. &e. (स्वागतं, from मु, well, and सागतं, come)
Welcome.
400
SWA
which comes the common corruption in the south of India,
SAwMv, Tam. (G6urTLंी , GrTual) A master, an owner, a
husband, alord : a title given to idols in the south of India,
and thence is often borne by individuals : it is also ap
plied especially as a title to the head of a religious order
or establishment : used sometimes honorifically in the
Telugu plural Shudmulu (Gंऽ ँ००eo),
Sn’timi-, or Sami-bhogam, corruptly, Samomy-bogum, Tam.
(G6urTLaी- GrTLaीGLirTEta, S. खामी, and भोगं, enjoy
ment) The proprietor’s or landlord’s right ः in the Tamil
country it means the share of the produce or the rent which
is paid to the Mirdsiddr or hereditary proprietor by the
tenant cultivator holding the land in farm for a fixed period.
In Malabar and Karnata it is the fee or acknowledgment
paid by the mortgagee or tenant, often no more than
a peppercorn rent, to the Janmkār or birthright pro
prietor : it also signifies any grant or contribution for
an idol.
Sn’timitnam, or Sirdmyam, S. &c. (स्बमित्वं, स्बाम्यं) Master
ship, lordship, ownership : the rights, privileges, or autho
rity of a superior or master : in Marathi, also the share
(of the products of a contract or farm) due to him who
holds it directly of the state from one who, under him,
holds or manages the concern.
SwANUBHOGAM, Tam. (G6urT29J&L ITEtia, S. ख, own,सनु,
according to, and भोग, enjoyment) The occupation or en
joyment of an estate by the proprietor himself or, ifleased
to another, an acknowledgment from the tenant that he
holds the land under the proprietor.
SwANwAwA, S. (खान्वय) A person of the same lineage as the
proprietor or owner.
SwARAJ, erroneously, SEw RAJ, Mar. (खराज्ञः, from S. स्व, own,
राज्, a ruler) The share of the revenue claimed by the
Alarathas from any conguered country, the same as the
Chauth, C. v.
NAyr, Tam. (GGrTºrcर्राऽऽाi) Gold, money.
Srarnddit/tm, or Sorndddyan, corruptly, Surnadayun,
"Sohttrd/em, Sauhard/em, Sourna/d/em, Sournydiam,
Tam. (G6… टैट्ठा(८ऽy-, or 6errणैुणंygनि u-t) Rent
or rewenue receivable in money, not in kind.
SwArtt PAAr, S. &c. (स्वरूपं) Natural form, inherent property
or nature : it is sometimes used in the dialects for pro
perty in land or money, an estate.
 SWA
SwAIST, S. (खस्ति) A term of address or benediction often
commencing a document or inscription (from सु, well, and
अस्ति, it is).
SwASTHA, S. &c. (स्वस्य, from सु, well, and स्य, who stays
or is) Well in body and mind, healthy, prosperous, happy.
Srcastha/am, S. &c. (स्वास्थ्यं) The condition of being well in
all respects ः in Maratha, also, hawing a comfortable subsis
tence, as a pension or the like, Siodistyam, corruptly, Sira
strum,Sicastrium,andSicastnam,Tam.(G6urrefuglu-da)
Wealth, property, especially Mirast or hereditary land and
privileges possessed by Brahmans.
Srcastiyamddr,corruptly, Srcastriumdar, Tam. (P9'e, who, TAAwwUL, TAwooL, corruptly, TwooL, TwwooL, H. (A. Uं,
has) The holder of hereditary property and privileges.
SwAwAyr, S. &c. (खयम्) Of one's self by one's selfः
Srcayamdatta, S. (from दत्तः, given) Self-given, applied to
a son by one form of adoption.
Sicayamkrita, S. (from कृतं, made) Self-made, the same as
the son self-given.
Sioayamupddata, S. (उपागत, arrived) Self-come, a son in
one form of adoption: see the preceding. See also Putra.
Sicayam.cara, S. (खयम्वर) The public selection of a hus
band by a princess or lady of rank from among a mumber
of assembled suitors, a practice that prevailed in the heroic
ages of the Hindus.
SwECHCHHA, or SwAICHCHA, S. खेच्छ, बैच्छ, from ख, own,
and इच्छा, wish, putra, umderstood, or Shoechhaputra,&c.)
A son adopted by a woman of her own accord and autho
rity, without permission from her husband.
SwETAMBARA, S. &c. (घ्रेतामवर) A religious mendicant wear
ing white garments, especially applicable to one of the
two great divisions of the Jains.
SwoPARJITA, corruptly, SHoPARJIT, S. &c. (म्ब, self उयाजैित,
acguired) Acguired bya person's own exertions, property, &c.
SwAMA, S. &c. (शयामा, fem. of श्याम, black) A goddess, a
form of JKdli.
Sydmdpija, S. (शयामापूजा) Worship of S/dmd, celebrated
on the last day of Asnin, or in the month Kartik.
SwAMARA, vermacularly, SHAMA, and SHWAMAK, (शयामकं,
H. u८५:, Mar. शयामाक) A kind of grain in general use
among the poorer classes (Panicum colonum) ; the stalk
forms good fodder for cattle.
SwAwARH, Hindi (स्यावढ) A name given to five handfuls or
small heaps of grain set apart by Mohammadan cultivators
in the north-west provinces for the poor in the name of
their saints or Pirs.
497
TAA
T.
TAAम् UD, TARUD,TAHooD, corruptly, ToAHIDw, H. (A. Agं,
from Age dhd, to promise) Promise, agreement : lease,
contract : a revenue lease, a farm of the revenue, an en
gagement with the gowernment or its representative for the
payment of the public revenue, which may be made sepa
rately, ewen by the coparceners in a joint estate, each be
coming respousible for his own proportion.
Taahud-ddr, H. (P._,le, who has) One who has entered
into an engagement for the public revenue due on his own
share : the holder of a farm or lease. ?
from J५e, to support) Land held in Jaijir by a member
of a royal family, an appanage t it is now applied espe
cially to certain lands held by the king of IDelhi, or mem
bers of his family in the neighbourhood of Dehli, or to some
held by the king of Oudh : it formerly designated lands
granted in Jagfr burthened with special services, or some
times paying a guit-rent : (this is stated with respect to,
what is no doubt a typographicalerror,T/cul.āth Rep.680).
Taaj//ul-shdhi, H. (P. ४५*, a king) The royal domain ; land
in Delhi and the neighbourhood, the occupants of houses
on which pay ground-rent to the king.
TAALLUK,TAALLUKAH, orTAALLU KAT, commonly, TALt K,
TALooK, corruptly, TUALLOOG, TUALLooGA, H. (A. Jं,
?ंं,from J* , to suspendfrom or depend upon), TALURA,
Mar. (तालुका), Tel. (9'eos) Connexion, dependence :
possession, property : a dependency, a district, a division of
a province : an estate, applied to a tract of proprietary land
usually smaller than a Zamindārf, although sometimes in
cluding several willages, and not unfreguently confounded
with a Zamindārf, held, in Bengal at least, at a fixed amount
of revenue, hereditary and transferable as long as the re
venue is paid : a Taluk was sometimes granted by the
Mogul government at a fawourable assessment as a mark
of favour, or on condition of clearing and cultivating waste
lands ः in the Regulations fixing the permanent settlement
Taluks were considered of two kinds; I. IWugatrā (from
)9-4-, the state), of which the revenue was paid direct to
the government or its officers : these were called also in
dependent Taluks, and the holders were classed with Za
mindars, or proprietarylandholders; and 2. Ma:hdri (from
ु**२, specified), of which the holders paid their revenue
through the intervention of a superior, as a Zamindār or
other proprietor : these were termed ' dependant Taluks ;’
0L
 TAA TAB

they were hereditary and transferable as long as the revenue seiZed by the Zamindār of Wijayanagara from his neigh
was paid, but lapsed to the superior on failure of heirs ः bours by wiolence.
they were also termed lfigfassil, or Shdmili T4luks. In the 4usat Taluh, (?) Beng. A minor or dependent Talak :
north-west provinces a Taluk presents various peculiarities, one included within another (?).

but it is defined an estate, the profits of which are divided
between different proprietors, or classes of proprietors, the
one superior, the other inferior ; the former being usually
an individual who, either by a grant from the sovereign,
by favour oflocal functionaries, or by woluntary acts of the
people, has become the intermediate agent for the revenue,
TAATi, A. (._Alexं, from Jee , to deliver) Giving recipro
cally : in law, mutual surrender, when the vendor of an
article hands it to the purchaser and he returns the price
of it without either party speaking : such sale is valid
according to the Sunni lawyers ; invalid according to the
Shāas.

collecting it from the people, and paying it to the gowern
ment after making such deductions to cover his risk and
assure his profits as he may be entitled to by the stipula
tions of the grant, or by local custom ः the holder of such।
a Taluk exercises legally no right of interference with the
proprietary and hereditary rights of the cultivators, except
TABA, also, TABi, H. &c. (A. eं, e:G) Following, depen
dent, obedient, a follower, a dependant.
T4bidar, H. 9'Aश्4b), Tabeddr, Mar. (ताबेदार) Dependent,
a dependant, a follower, a Subject.
Tibiddri, A. (.9loश्:G), Tabedari, Mar. (तावेदारी) De
pendence, allegiance, Subjection. "

in some cases, where, from peculiar circumstances, the in
ferior claimants have been absorbed in the person of a
single Talukddr : many modifications of rights, many more
or less obscure, are said to exist between the indiwidual
'Taluhddr and the inferior proprietor. Ben. Reg. i. ii. iii.
xi. I822; v. 1881. Act viii. I805.
Taallakdar, Talahdar, H. (P.)le, who has) The holder of
a Taluk' ः in some places a government officer ; a collector
of revenue from the cultiwators, either on behalf of the
state or of the farmer of the rewenue, whose undue exac
tions it is his duty to prevent.
Tadllukddri, Talukddrं, corruptly, Talookdarry, H. (P.
-9le, hawing) The tenure, office, or estate of a Talukddr.
Tadlluhddrā-hak, H. (A. G-, a right) The dues or allow
ances payable to the Talukddr in addition to his stipu
T4bitin, or Tabdin, A. ७*५, ७***५, plurals of e७) Fol
lowers, especially designating the successors of the com
panions of Mohammad, or the contemporaries of the com
panions whose relations of the sayings and doings of the
prophet, as they received them from the companions, form
part of the Sunna, or traditional law.
Tab4-ā-tdbiatm, A. (७)*:Se:G) The followers of the followers,
the successors of the Tabidm, from whom they received
traditions respecting Mohammad, which they repeated, and
which, although of inferior weight, are of authority in the
body of the traditional law of the Mohammadans.
TABARRAK, H. (A. ५4-47ं) A benediction : sacred relics ः a
portion of presents, or of what is left of food presented to
great men, given to their attendants : commutation for an
offering incumbent upon a religious mendicant holding
some endowment.

lated proportion of the assessment. TABARRऎ, A. (ं) Doing any thing voluntarily, giving
Taallakalº-jadid, H. (from A. Agek-, new) Lit., New de gratuitously.
pendencies, a term applied to tracts annexed to the Za TABASHi R, H. (A.)**५Je) Bambu manna, a siliceous deposit
mindars of Wijayanagara (Wisiamagram), being acguired in the joints of the bambu.
by encroachments on the bordering estates. TABDiL, H. (A. c)५.५G) Change, alteration, substitution.
Tadllukah-kadim, H. &c. (A, *:AG , old) Old possessions ; TABI, (?) The hot-weather crop, sown in the cold and reaped
applied especially to the portions of the Wijayanagara in the hot-weather Season.-Northern Sarkārs.

estate held originally by the Zamindar. TABKATIA, (?) H. A class of Mohammadan religious men
Tadllukal-mdlsamini,corruptly, Talookel-mallsaminee, H. dicants, followers of Shdh Madair : they dress in black,
A. J५० । and ५*ं; surety) Dependencies on Wijayanagara wear a chain round their ankles, and carry a small drum ः
|
in conseduence of its Zamindār being responsible for the । they sometimes lead about monkeys and bears, and are a
realisation of their revenue to the government. । low and offensive race.
Tadllukah-2abardasti, H. (P. ८*~99} wiolence) Estates ।| TABLAK, H. (A. ७५G) A bundle or file of papers.
498
 TAB
TABUT, H. (A. ५-*५) A coffin, a bier : the representation or
model of the mausoleum of Hosain carried in procession
in the Moharram : under the Marathas, a tax levied on
the Mohammadams for permission to carry the Tabat.
TACH, TANCH, Mar. (टाच, टांच , from the English ‘attach ')
SeiZure of a person's property under a decree of court ;
also the writ or warrant.
TACHCHAN, Mal. (o24rt) A carpenter, a stonemason,
from the S. Takshaka, g. w.
TACHAN, TANCHAN, Mar. (ढाषणं, टॉचण) A memorandum,
a matter moted down, the paper on which it is written.
TAD, or TAR, Hindi (ताड) The palmyra tree. See Tal.
TADA, TADU, vulgarly, ToDA, ToDU, Beng. (उत्तः, ज्फू)
South : north : terms used in the willage register or chitta
to designate the relative bearings of the farms or fields of
cultivating occupants.
TADAD, H. (A. eloं), TAIDAD, Beng. (उांश्लोल) Number,
numbering, computation, estimate : a list, a specification
or enumeration: registry of an estate in the collector’s
office : annual calculation or reguisition of the produce of
an estate.
TADAkHAL, H. (A. Je-lAG) Mutual entry : a mode of ap
portioning inheritance. See Tamdsul.
TADANA, or TARANA. S. &c. (ताडन) Corporal punishment,
whipping, beating
Tadarak, H. (A. ५-9)"AG) Reparation, redress : means of
obtaining legal redress, as writings, witnesses, and the like :
punishment, chastisement, infliction of fines or punishment.
TADBf R, H. (A. A4AG) Council, deliberation, government ः
in law, the post-obit manumission of a slave, a promise
to him that he shall be free on his owner's demise.
TADiB, H. (A. ५-५eb) Correction, chastisement ः admonition.
In law, the admonition to be given by the judge to parties
conwicted of venial offences.
TAFRiK, H. (A. Ga)ं) Separation, division : separate or
individual interest or responsibility ः in law, a judicial
divorce, one pronounced by the Kigi, as distinguished from
one executed by the husband himself on his own authority.
TAPHIRf KU, Tel. (ॐ8x6sC) Allotment or apportionment
of the contribution or assessment lewied on a village: it
is said to have been applied also to an extra assessment
or tax imposed upon cultivators holding an undue pro
portion of rent-free lands, in addition to those assessed and
under cultivation
7'५frik-m4ma, H. (P. 4-८७, a document) A document or
499
TAH
deed settling the shares and proportions claimed by different
parties.
TArsit, H. (A. 044ं), TAPHsfru, Tel (ॐंoco) Detail
particulars-of an account, and the like.
Taf४ilicdr, H. 9';५-4ं ) Specifically, particularly, in detail.
TAGA, TUGGA, (?) H. A class of cultivators in the Delhi
district.
TAGADDAMA, Tel. (ॐx ंशाः, from the A. A.०Aं) Business,
affair, matter.
TAGAPPAN, Tam. (geta-lॐी) A father.
TAGAR, (?) H. A wide tin vessel in which opium is weighed.
TAGAwU, Karn. (G%७)) Peremptory demand of payment
of money : a dispute, a law-suit : presents given to a
daughter by her parents on her marriage.
Tagapari, Tagucari, Tel. (ॐe, ॐॐ०) A judge, an
umpire, an arbitrator. _
TACHAIR, H. (A. Aं) Alteration, change ; adj, changed,
dismissed.
Taghiri, H. (A. ८.9AंJ) Dismission, disgrace.
TAGHRfB, H. (A. ५-५,*J) In law, banishment, transportation :
according to some it means only imprisonment, which is
a sort of banishment or separation from family and friends.
TAGULUBADI, Tel. (ॐeoथ्व्०) Charges, cost.
TAHAJ.JUD, A. (A*) Prayers repeated at midnight by devout
Mohammadans, also Talldijud-namds, and Tallajjud-8alāt.
TAHALUr, A. (-J=, from -4-, to take an oath) Con
spiring, leaguing : in law, Swearing both plaintiffand de
fendant, which is practised in some cases.
Tahlif, A. (-3.4=) Exacting an oath.
TAHAN, H., Mar. (७५ ं, तहt) There, at that place ; but in
Mar. it is used only in official papers, and before official
designations, as, Talldi?-Pattil, the Patil of that place ;
Tahdia-kamagisddr, the agent of such a district (the
nasal final is very slightly Sounded, but the word is incor
rectly written Talia).
Tahdā-hayat or -haydd, Mar. (तहांहपात् -द्, tahan, for P.
७, until, and A. ५-'A-} life) Until death, as long as
life lasts, a phrase confined to official documents.
TAHARAT, TUHR, H. (A. ५-9५*,ुं) Purity, period of
purity, ceremonial purification, washing either entirely or
partially, as by Ghasl (Oss), bathing, or Waga or Waga
(,-3}), partial ablution, washing the face, mouth, hands,
arms, and feet, in a particular order : when water cannot
be procured for this purpose Sand may be substituted, which
ceremony is termed T'ag/amim, but ablution with water
 TAH
must be performed as soon as possible after the dry puri
fication, or the latter is nullified.
TAHARi-o-PHALf, Hindi (तहरी स्वो फली) A phrase in a lease
of a mango orchard implying transfer of the ground, as
well as of the fruit.-Puraniya.
TAH-BAZARf, H. (.9}}५g, from P. ं, place on which any
thing is situated, and)}}५),TABAJARi, Tel, (9ष्टं 9)
A tax or charge lewied on the sellers of articles in a baZār,
either in money or kind, as the rent of the ground on
which their shops or stalls are placed : this was abolished
by Bengal Reg. xxwii. l793.
TAH-KHANA, or TAHI-KHANA, corruptly, TwE-KHANA, H.
(P. AG, underneath, and AGe-, a house) An apartment
under ground, or so situated as to be imperwious to the sun.
TAHkik, H. (A. Gं=", from ७-, truth) Inguiry, inves
tigation, searching for, ascertaining the truth of a matter
(the plur. Talakihat, is similarly used).
TAHKfM, H. (A. ***, from K-) Placing a person in
authority : in law, arbitration ; also, investing a person
with authority to decide a dispute.
TAH Lit., (A. UAls) Making any thing or act lawful (hala)
which was not so before : dispensation under certain con
ditions from observance of the law. (With a different li) ।
Tallil (UA!ं) Repetition of the Mohammadan creed,
* There is noGodbut God: Mohammadistheprophetof God.’
TAHNAMA, blunderingly, THANAMAR, Mar. (तहनामा, from
the P. &०Uं) A treaty of peace : a bill of articles or
items agreed upon by two parties.
TAHRfR, corruptly,TUHEREER, TEREER, H. (A. A',=) Writ
ing, writing correctly : a written statement : a fee for
writing the manumission of a slave.
Tahrir, corruptly, Thureer, Mar. (तहरंीरं) Fees paid from
the money lewied or set aside for village expenses paid to
the JDesp4adya, for his establishmentः under the Maratha
government these were also payable to the Pharnts, and
Mu2amddr.
Taharira, Karn. (Ge००९ॐ9) A fee or per centage allowed
to superintendants of public works.
TAHsf L, TUHsEEL, less correctly, TEHsfL, TEHSEEI, H., but
adopted in all the dialects, (A. c'~=ः from J-०५-), Mar.
(तहसील),TEHEsim, GuZ. (दt2२{l८a) Collection, especially
of the public revenue derived from the land : the revenue
collected : in the IDakhin a statement prepared and kept
by the willage accountant of the persons from whom the
revenue is receivable, and the amount due by each.
500
TAH
Tahsilddr, H. (9lec)४-2=) A native collector of rewenue,
a native officer collecting the revenue from a given tract
under a Zamindār, or the European collector : in the
Madras territories he acts also as an officer of police. Ben.
Reg. ii. 1798 ; iii. 1794 ; wiii. I707; xxwii. 1808. Mad.
Reg. xxvii. I802; ii. I808 ; xi, I816.
Tallsilddri, H. (.9lo44-2=) The office, duty, or jurisdiction
of a mative collector; the district of which he collects the
revenue usually consisting of one or more Pargamas, and
yielding revenue to the extent of two or three Lakhs of
rupees : a tax levied under the Moghul gowernment to pay
the allowances of the Tallstlddrs.
Tahsildan-nishandar, H. (P. ७५**x a mark or emblem of
office) A duly appointed and responsible native collector.
Talsil-dinctini, H. (P. ८}}}:o) Collections of revenue pay
able into the public treasury.
Talisil.j4bita, Tel. (ॐंGoळैeoeठा'४०छं) Daily account of
payments made by the cultivators to the collector.
Tahsil-muharrir, H. 9)=*, a writer) A clerk or accountant
in the revenue department.
Talistl-puraja, Tel. (ं)ं, ५. v) A daily cash account
kept by the willage accountant under the collector, of the
rewenue payments of the cultivators, and of the willage
disbursements.
Tahstl-saranjdmi, H. ('～~ , eflects) Charges of collection ः
an additional charge formerly lewied to defray the expense
of collection.
Tahsil-ncasilat, H. (*५-29A~') The amount realised by
the collector of a district, whether on behalf of a Zamindār
or the gowernment.
Tallsil-i-ydd, Mar. (P. e५, remembrance) A memorandum
of daily payments of revenue by the cultivators.
JKhd8-tallsil, H. (A. ००५-, especial) The collection of the
rewenue by the gowernment or its officers direct from the
cultiwators.
TAHUT, or TAHUD, corruptly, TAooD, Beng. (जहूं, जांबून,
from the A. A4e) Agreement, settlement, stipulated rent,
a lease, or deed of lease.
Tahud-ddr, corruptly, Taooddr, Beng. (जोहूनीह) One
holding a lease of land, &c., at a stipulated rent.
TAHviL,TAHwiL, corruptly, TEvEEL,H.&c.(U५,=, तहवील)
Change, transfer : charge trust, especially cash in the keep
ing of a person appointed to take care of it; hence some
times a treasury, the collector’s treasury : also, funds,
capital.
 TAH
Tahpilddir, corruptly, Tohmpeeldar, H. (P..9'e, who has) A
cashier, a treasurer : in Sindh, a collector of revenue.
Tahrflddri, H. (.9le, having) The office or duty of a
cash-keeper, charge of cash or collections.
Tahcil-tasarrºgf H. (A. ५-*, ५. v.) Embe22lement.
TAf, H. (.४७) A paternal uncle's wife : a father’s elder bro
ther’s wife.
Tiid, H. (७७) A father’s elder brother.
T6{rd-bhd{, H. (.*५)*७) A father’s elder brother’s son :
f Tdir6-bahin, ( Je:, a sister) A father’s elder brother’s
daughter.
TAI, commonly, TwE, Tam. (&Pंठ) The tenth Tamil month
(January-February)
TAI, commonly, TwE, Mal. (6)6)(O) Ayoung plant in general.
TAf, Karn. (GPCGO) A mother.
TAf D, plur. TAi DAT, H. &c. (A. A७5 , e-ºlo५७) Aid, assis
tance : corroboration ः an extract from a public, register
or other document of authority in confirmation of a
claim.
7'did-mac48, H. (U~';.५५) An assistant clerk or accountant :
an apprentice.
TAf FA, H. (A. &ं'e) Nocturnal patrol or watch : a troop,
a company, especially of dancing girls and musicians ;
applied commonly, as well as its plur. Tamrdif to any in
dividual of the troop, especially to a female : in the Dakhin
it is also applied to any class or set of persons following
the same occupation, or, originally, from the same place,
and taxed collectively.
TAI H.JU R, Hmdi (तेहजुर) Weighing.–Chota Nagpur.
TAf I., Thug. A company or individual who have escaped
sharing the fate of a murdered party by having been left
behind.
TAiN, plur. TAfNAT, corruptly, TwNAUT, H. (A.J५॰ं, ५-*५ं)
Appointment, deputation, engagement, business. Mar. TAI
NAT (तेनात) A military charge or command ः general con
trol or management : stipend, salary.
T6{n८tं, H. (.े9ं) Object or duty of an appointment,
attendance, tour of duty. Taindti, Mar. (तेनाती), adj. Sti
pendiary : made over to, as a body of troops from one
commander to another : assigned, as a town or district :
in Hindustan it also sometimes designates an inferior
functionary, or Peom, appointed by the proprietor of an
estate to assist in collecting the rent or rewenue from the
cultivators.
Tainat.jdbtd, Mar. (तेनातजाबता, from A. Ale:L3, an official
501
TAK
document) A muster-roll of pay or salaries, or of those to
whom they are paid.
TAi RKHANA, H. (A. Ale, a bird) An aviary ः a charge on
the revenue, or a special tax, for the expenses of the im
perial aviary at IDelhi.
TAJA-RALAM, Mar. (ताजTकल्ठम , from P. ४;5, fresh, and A.
AG, a pen), TAJA-KALAM U, Tel. (छे`eउ’se) ँOO) A post
script, an appendix, a new paragraph.
TAJ IR, H. (A._,*-७) A merchant, a trader.
Tajdrat, H. (A. ५-9ks) Trade, traffic, the business of a
merchant or dealer.
TAJKARA, Mar. (तजकरा, from A. 9%AG, a writing) A frau
dulent entry or appropriation, an item of peculation.
Tajhar-nis, Mar. (तजकरनीस) An officer of the Maratha
gowernment whose office it was to detect peculation.
Tajkar-macis{, or -nis{, Mar. (तजकरनविसी, -निसी) The
duty of checking or detecting peculation.
TAJwfZ,orTAJwiZ,vernacularly,TAJwi.J, H. (A9ं;* , तजवीज)
Investigation, inguiry, examining : judgment, sentence.
Tajci2-ndma, H. (P. 4-८७, a document) A written decree,
judgment, or resolution.
TA K, H. (P. Gue) An arch, a cupola ; applied also to a
mount or pillar set up as a boundary mark ः hence any
mark or determination of boundaries.
'Taik-bast, corruptly, Thak-bust, H. (P. ७e-०५, a binding)
Laying down a boundary, fixing the limits of estates by
a native surveyor, preparatory to a professional survey by
a European officer. _
TARA, H. (S. ४ं), Mar. (टका), TARA, Beng. (ऐंद्र) A coin,
the value of which appears to vary in different parts of
India : in Hindustan it is said to be a copper coin edual
to two paisas ; in the IDakhin it is called an aggregate of
four paisas, or one and, or an aggregate of sixteen paisas,
or in GuZerat of three : in Bengal it is synonymous with
a rupee : in all the dialects it is laxly used for money in
general.
TARA, also, but ? if correctly, TAk, corruptly, TUKKA, Mar.
(टका) A land measure, warying in diferent places ः it is
sometimes considered edual to a Chdicar = 24 Tºukas, or
I20 sguare bijhds : according to a different statement it
is a seventy-second part of a Chdicar, and to another it
is any division of a Chdmrar into egual parts, as a half,
a fourth, a twentieth, &c. : others make it 4 bijhds, others
again 48 bijhds : in Kamaon it is half a bisi.
1ahabdndi, Mar. (टकाबंदी) Fixing the land-tax at so much
6 M
 TAK
per Talaः settled or estimated according to the Takas it
contains (land) : keeping an account in 4'akds (the copper
coin so named).
TAkABBAZ, A. (U4ं) Mutual surrender or silent exchange ।
of an article and its cost. See Tdati.
TAKADUM, A. (,ouG, from AAG, going before) Being ancient
or prior ः in law, such an interval between the commission
of a crime and the giving of evidence respecting it, as
operates in bar.of punishment.
TAkAFFAL, A.(Uं) Taking security ; becoming security
for another : bail.
TAKATTU, Tel., Karn. (छं, from the A. ५--Gue, power)
Charge : pawn, pledge, mortgage.
TA KAwi, corruptly, TUCKAww, TUCCAww,TUCKAw, TUCKAIR,
TAGAKEv, H. (.39ं, from .s;*, giving strength to, or
assisting), Tel., Karn. ( ऽर्थ२), TAGAi, TAGAwf, Mar.
(तगार्ड्, तगायी) Advances of money made by the govern | TAKHARUJ, (A.
ment to the cultivators at the time of sowing, especially ।
in the south of India, where the Ryotwftrf settlement pre
' vails, to be repaid when the crop is gathered : similar ad
vances are made in bad Seasons, and the like, or Sometimes
made to the cultivators to enable them to extend their cul
tivation. Ben. Reg. ii. xiw. I798. Mad, Reg. xxwii, 1802; । TAKHLIA, A. (AAs) Wacating : in law, extinguishment, tacit
i. 1808.
Tahdicā-haik6ajada, Karn. (ॐठढ२ंठै:Sठाळxं) A bond
or note of hand given by the cultivators in acknowledge
ment of advances received.
Takde{-patrama, Tel. (from S. पर्च) A written acknowledge
ment for advances given by the cultivators to the collector.
TARA%A.H.&c(A4ं)TAGADA,Mar.(तगाद),Tel.(*7य)
TAGADi, TAGADE, Karn. (67रब्b, 67त्ढं), also TA
GAwU, ५. w. Importunity in urging the settlement ofa claim
or payment of a debt, dunning ः in the south of India, for
merly, enforcing payment by warious modes of annoyance,
as by stationing persons at the house of a debtor from morn
ing to night at his expense for their daily hire ; obstructing
the conveyance of water into the debtor’s dwelling, or cook
ing in it : the creditor sometimes took his station himself
at his debtor’s door, threatening to do himself personal
injury (this process is the same as the S. Dharama (धरणं)
and H. Dharna (g,oe), or Dharnd-baitlind (ं,*e)
to sit in dharnd for the sake of extorting compliance with
any demand,a practice now prohibited)ः also suing a creditor
in a court of law, whence it comes to signify any suit at
law, or the prosecution of any claim by legal means.
छे02
TAK
Tagada-ddr,or Tagada-gir,Mar. (तगादादार्,-गीण) An officer
under the Maratha gowernment appointed to enforce the
demands of the state against defaulting cultivators ः in
Hindustan a Takdgd-, or Tahdg-giry implies a person
। appointed by a capitalist to collect debts due to him.
। Tagad-ddr,Tajddā-khdr,Karn. (डैरद्भृळं, उं7त्ळ०:ं,०e6)
A dun, a creditor who is urgent for payment.
TAKBf R, H. (A. J*ं) Repetition of the Mohammadan belief
in God, or Allah-u-albar, God most great ः in Hindustan
it is multiplied by warious repetitions to the same effect :
it is also considered as the especial war-cry of the Moham
madans.
TAKDIMA, H. (A. &०.}ं) Final adjustment or audit of an
account. _
TAkHALLU F--vAUMIA, H. (A. & ०}-4s) Fraud in pay
ment of a pension (?).
। _
श्-94-? In law, a composition entered into
by joint heirs to property, by which some relinguish their
} shares for a specific payment : partition of an estate amongst*
themselves by the lawful heirs.
TAkHFiF--JAMA, H. (A. ५-3ंis, abatement) Abatement or
remission of revenue. _
or declared, of all right by the seller in an article which
he has sold : manumission of a slave : divorce of a wife.
TA KHyffNAN, H. (A. PGAAs) By estimate, conjecture, or ap
praisement, about, more or less.
Tadmina, or Takmin”, (? a vernacular form of the preceding)
H. A general survey statement of village lands, the same
as the Khasra, ५. v.
TA KH:is, corruptly,TCCKsEEs,TUKKsit EESH, H.(A.ca.º-4s)
Appropriation, appropriating, particulariZing.
Talkhsisi, H. (A. ७~～~*) Special, appropriate, not liable
to division.
1"allsiं-tadiul, H. (G' ं ५**~*) An undivided tdlah,
one held entire by an individual.
Talkllsis:jaina-bandi, H. (.sAC५ e*- ००*~s) A particular
statement of the assessment concluded with the revenue
payers under the Mohammadan governments : also the
standard assessment of Toral lfal, as corrected by Jaift)
dli-lkhan in l772 : see Tash//as.
TAkHT, H. (P. ५-s) A throne, a chair of state : also, as
an abbreviation of /'akhta, a plank, a platform.
Talkht-mis/??), H. (c*** ५“-*) The reigning sowereign.
4'्//t-lºos", H (L*: --*) A covered stage or platforin.
 TAK
Tahlut-ram’dm, H. (from P. ७'}9 । going) A litter, especialiy
for females or persons of rank.
TAkHTA, H. (ंis), TARTA, Mar. (तक्ता) A plank, a plat
form : also in Mar., a tabular statement, the heading of
such a statement. _
Takhta-, or Takht-ramudm, H. (७)}/ंs), Takt-rdgnga, Mar.
(तक्तप्रवा) A plank or platform on which public performers,
singers, and dancers, are carried on men's heads in festival
and religious processions ः (this seems to be erroneously
identified with the compounds of Takht.),
TAkHT-TARAJ, H. (P. “-5-5, and श्-}५ । both meaning de
vastating) Depredation, laying waste (a country) ः havoc.
TA KH wf R, A. (A5-७) In law, giwing an option or choice.
TAKI, (?) Beng. (apparently an error or local corruption of
1'akd, ५. v) A rupee : a fee, a perguisite of one rupee :
interest on sight at the rate of one rupee per cent.
TAkf t, H. (P. ४.G) A pillow ; the stand or seat of a Fakirः
the spot where he usually abides, whether it be open or
enclosed.
Takia-dar, H. (P. )le, who has) A Mohammadan religious
mendicant, a Fal:?r.
TAkip, H. (A. AA४७), Mar (ताकीद), Tel, Karn. (ंॐ9)
Injunction, warning, direction, an order from a superior.
Tiha-chitha, Mar. (ताकीदविठी) A letter of injunction, a
written mandate or direction.
Tahadddr, Mar. (ताकीददार) A person sent to give injunc
tion or warning : a Sentinel stationed to keep back strag
glers or camp-followers from a field or willage.
Taikidā-hdjada, Karn. (ङव्&ंठद्धxं) A written order
or injunction. _ gowernment, according to the district divisions termed
TAkiNA, (?) H. A cess paid in lieu of proportion of fodder,
or the fodder itself: rents of a number of houses collected
by an agent.
TAKfT, H. (A. ५-४ं) A monied man in a willage appointed
to collect the shares of the assessment from the willagers
and pay them to the principal revenue-payer, or Mail.ju:dr.
TA Ko, GuZ. (2%u) Interest of one per cent. per mensem :
a copper coin warying in walue from two to four Paisas.
See 4'aha.
TA KRA !, Mar. (तकणाळ्ळ, from the A)*; see the next)
Discrepancy, inconsistency (in a narration), a fabrication)
a story invented to deceive.
TA KRAR, H. (A. 2)ं) Mar. (तकरार) Dispute, contention,
५uarrel, a Guarrel or dispute : in Mar. also, a statement
in disproof or disallowal (as by litigants)
508
TAK
Takrdr-lahafif H. (A. ५-ं5-, petty) A petty guarrel or
disturbance.
TA KRI, (?) Tel. A weight for metals egual to five kachchdः
se?’s.-Northern Sarkārs.
TAKSHA KA, vermacularly, TA KSHAK, and TA KH KAK, S. &c.
(तघवक) A carpenter, a stonemason.
TAksist, TUKsEExt, corruptly, TUCKsEExt, H. (A. **“ं)
Division, dividing, partition, Sharing, distribution of the
assessment of the revenue upon the several subdivisions of
an estate or district, the same as T'aksim.jamd, Mar. (तक
शीम) A portion, a share. Takkisamu, Tel. (ं$_ं७ॐ००)
Contributions raised amongst the inhabitants of a village
to defray the willage expenses.
Talksim-ddr, Mar. (तकशीमदार) A sharer, the holder of a
Share, either of land perguisites or privileges : one who
receives a portion at a division of property.
Taks1mā, H. (.**“ं) IDivisible, portionable, liable to par
tition, according to allotment, &c.
7'a/tsim.jamnd, H. (A. e****~ं) In Mohammadan finance,
the distribution of the whole standard assessment among
• the different territorial subdivisions, whether large or small,
a province, a Zamindarf or a village : also, the apportion
ments of the revenue payable by a willage or estate amongst
joint proprietors.
7'aksim-ndina, H. (P. &~' ं, a document) A deed of parti
tion amongst joint proprietors when ceasing to hold their
estate in common.
1'aksim-pargana-ndr, H. (9;*४%,:, according to pa?'/ana)
Subdivision of the whole assessment under the Moghul
;pa?'0anas : accounts of the standard assessment of each
parjana, extracted from the general rent-roll of the empire.
Taksim-i-tatillul:, or Taksim-bandi-tadlluk, H. (see Jं)
A Talul which was separately registered in the original
rent-roll, or Tumdr.jamd, of the land revenue of Hindustan,
and of which, under the British administration of Bengal,
the lands and assessment are unalterable : also a 7'dlul।
held in shares.
TA Ksi R, H. (A. A~ं) Fault, offence, crime. _
TA Kt P, Mar. (तकूब, from A. tarcakk५f; ५-*, delaying,
stopping) Suspension, stoppage : in a state of suspension,
as a public work, collection of rewenue, &c. : the head under
which outstanding balances of revenue are entered pending
the decision of the superior authorities as to their realiZation
or remission.
 TAK
Tahaibchithi, Mar. (तकूषविठी) An order of suspension of
revenue collections granted by the gowernment, exempting
persons for a time from the demands of the collector.
TAKUBAI)I, Karn. (हव्&S००) Extra expense.
TAKwET-KAUL,or TAKwET-CH I'r Hi, Mar. (तकवेतकील -विठी,
from the A. Tak ciat ५~~**, confirmation) A temporary
deed of assurance : a paper or token granted by the state
to a payer of revenue, or a contractor, to be held until a
formal and regular agreement can be prepared.
TAL H. (JU) A pond, a pool, a piece of water.
TALA, vernacularly, TAL, TAR, TAI.i, S. &c. (J७, GS, ताल, ।
ताली),TA.],TAr.JPPASAI,Tam.(grr6rfl.grrche L&टा)
The palm tree, especially the Corypha (Corypha talliera) :
it is also very generally applied to the Palmyra (Borassus
flabelliformis), and laxly to many other trees of the same
class, as the cocoa-nut, date, and others.
Talipatra, vernacularly, Talpatra, or Tilpdit, corruptly,
Talipot, and Tillipot, S. &c. (तालपञ्च, तालपात) The leaf
of the Corypha palm tree, especially when dried and used
to form umbrellas or parasols, or when split into oblong
pieces and used for writing upon : also the tree itselfः "
TALA, or TAL, S. &c. (ताल) Time in music, beating time,
tune : also, in Mar., a mound or bank raised in a field
to detain or turn off water.
TAI, Tam. (grofr) Stubble or stem of corn, of flowers,
and the like.
Tailadi, Tam. (grr6Tic) A second cultivation on the same
ground.
Tailadipp6r, Tam. (ंठrr6IT.G.CGLirrºr) A stack of grain
that has been winnowed by hand, but not yet trodden out
by cattle.
TALA, vernacularly, TAL, S. &c. (तल), TALA, TALA, Mar.,
(तलं, तळ) Surface, bottom, level or low ground.
Tal, plurः Taldion, H. (CS, ७:"$) ILow grounds : in Mar.,
also the site of an encampment, a camp.
Talchai, Hindi (तलचुस्र) Light land above clay, which
soon becomes soft and spongy in wet weather.-Puraniya.
Tatjhttrd, Mar. (तलं, the bottom, and भक्राडा, a sweeping)
A thorough clearing or Sweeping out ः fig., a thorough ।
search or investigation.
Talpat, Mar. (तव्Eपट) Rain, desolation, devastation of a
country. Hindi (तलपट) IDestruction of crops by the tram
pling of cattle.
TA I.A, Mar. (S. ताळ्ा) Agreement, correspondence, conformity
as of different accounts, statements, measures, &c.
504
TAI,
Taleband, commonly, Talaband, corruptly, Tullabund, Tal
libund, Mar. (ताळेबंद) A treasury account shewing the
correspondence between the balance in hand and that which
should be left on a comparison of receipts and disburse
ments : an abstract of the ledger or general account-book:
as a financial account, the monthly Tdleband forwarded
by the district revenue officers to the government exhibits
the receipts and disbursements of the preceding month, and
the balance at its close : the similar account furnished at
the end of the year contains a complete detail of the actual
receipts and disbursements of the year, as well as of the
outstanding balances at its beginning and at its close.
Tileband-bdi/%, Mar. (A. 5५, remainder) The balance of
revenue as shewn in the account at the end of the year
Taleband-goshncdra, Mar. (from the H. ८/oshrotird, ५. v.)
An abstract of the Tdleband account.
Tilehand.jamd, Mar. (जमा, from the A. cº-) The heading
under which the items of revenue are entered, which are
realised subseguently and in addition to the assessment
derived from concealed cultivation detected, or from land
taken into cultivation after the settlement of the assess
ment.
TAI.A, Hindi (टाला) Ouagmire, decayed vegetable matter or
stagnant water.-Puraniya.
TALAB, TULUB, corruptly, TULLU B, H. &c. (--Jue) Pay,
wages, salary : reguest, demand, petition t calling or send
ing for, summons : demand of arrears of revenue.
1"alabdina, corruptly, Tallarbana, Tulbamma, H. (A. ४d५le)
Daily pay or fees to a subordinate officer of the court
charged with serving process, issuing summonses or writs,
payable by the parties on whom they are served. Ben.
Reg. xxvi. I814. See xiv.
1"alab-bdhā, H. (G५) An account shewing the amount
due from each payer of the revenue, the sums realised and
balance due.
7'alab-chhitthi, H. (.*३- a note) A warrant, a summons,
a writ, a written demand for arrears of revenue.
Talab-dastah, H. (P. ४-3.c, a note) A summons, a writ,
a demand for payment of revenue.
Talah-ishhdid, H. (e५.्', testimony) Claim made in the
presence of witnesses, especially by a claimant of the right
of pre-emption. See Sh५fa.
1"alab-ndina, H. (P. &८!ं, a document) A warrant, a writ,
a motice or Summons.
TAI.AI, Tam. (gºo), TAI.A, Mal. (foea) The head.
 TAI,
Talachchennacal, Mal. (oea6246०००-lf) The principal
native collector of the rewenue.
Talai-kattu-cari,Tam. (ंठंoफै८t-66- Dी)A tax on houses.
Talaā-hdical, Tam. (gºoफैट्Err6-60), Tala-kaical, Mal.
(oe-14x9a-lºb) Tia main or principal guard ; the town
or willage watch.
Talaimatttai-hdram, Tam. (ंठंo(UPC.०ठु-फैट्ErTDrळैी) A three times in one month :
porter, one who carries a load on his head.
Talappanam, Mal. (De-ig–,०००) Head-money, poll-tax.
Talappattam, Mal. (oeag-9s०) Poll-tax, head-money.
Talaicam, Tam. (ंठंo6-ॐौा), Talacam, Mal. ((CDe_ao_urrt)
A head person, prefect, governor, director, a king, a priest,
an elder, an elder brother. _ a specified time ; also applicable to divorces under warious
Talaicari, Tam. (ंठंo6-Dी), Talacari, Mal. ()ea०4(?))
Poll-tax.
Talaicetti, Tam. (gºoeeutं-५, ) An executioner : a villain.
Talacila, Mal. (oe-uo-me-a) First selling price of grain or
other produce after harvest.
Talaiyadi, Tam. (ंठ&oou-19-) The first corn reaped and
threshed.
Talai/4na, Tam. (ंठं6cLLirTCठा) Principal, chiefः
Talaiydma-attatchi,Tam. (gºou-rTCण9ंठrrt-Gी) The
principal evidence.
Talaydri, corruptly, Taliar, Mal. (De-ACoupc?) A head man,
a chief
TAI.AI, Tam. (gं6ग) A divisiom in rice-fields, or a rice
field divided into many beds.
TALAk, H. (A. J;"e) IDivorce, dissolution of marriage,
whether reversible or irreversible, besides a divorce justified
by bodily or mental diseases or defects : various kinds are
recognised by Mohammadan law, as the following :
Tal4h-t-alisdn, A. (७५~', most excellent), also ?'aldl-i
bdin, A. ७*५, separated) The most reputable kind of
diworce, in which the husband pronounces, ' I have divorced
you ’ once before the Jddat or time of the woman's pro
bation has expired : this is rewersible.
2Talak-#-rajai, (from eतः । return) The form of divorce in
which the declaration of the husband to that effect is twice
repeated : also rewersible.
2Tal4k-ā-husn (७“~, goodness), or Talak-i-ngtallaka (from
श्āile०, a diworced woman, perhaps from J**०, absolute)
The form in which the husband pronounces three different
sentences of divorcement in as many months : this is irre
versible, and the wife cannot be taken back until she has
been married and divorced by another man ः (some strange
50ँ;
TAIL
perversion has changed this in Cuttack to Tal4k-t४ha):
these three forms are classified as,
1"aldlः-i-sunna, Diworce, legal according to traditional law,
as opposed to the next;
Talak-i-llidat, (५--~ee:, innovation, heresy) Heterodox di
worce, in which the husband makes the usual declaration
this is deemed irreversible :
other modifications are
4'alak-hindiat, (ंUA% metaphor) A divorce in which the
terms used, although not expressly declaring a divorce, are
legally sufficient.
1'al4k-muajjal, (U*ं) Divorce which is to take place at
specified conditions.
Talak-sarth, (69~, clear) Diworce in which the declara
tion is explicit : the following terms are also applied to
diworces :
4ila, G. w. IDiworce conseduent upon abstinence from co
habitation for a given period.
Istiंnd, (७ं.), excepting) Divorce declared with a re
servation which may render the declaration null.
JKhal6, (ं5-, drawing out) Dissolution of marriage at the
Suit of the wife, in which she agrees to make her husband
compensation for her loss by relinguishing to him an
adeguate portion of her peculiar property, and by foregoing
claim of dower.
//dn, (७-4 , imprecation)Divorce upon accusation of adultery
by the husband, to be confirmed by him by his imprecating
upon her the curse of God, whereupon separation takes place.
JMubd?’4f, (५-',५-४) Separation by mutual consent.
HTamām, (७*** , a vow) A conditional divorce contingent
upon some future possible occurrence.
2ildr, (,५*, assisting) Divorce conseduent upon a man's
comparing his wife to some female relative with whom
marriage is prohibited : a separation must take place until
proper expiation has been made.
T':fict3-ul-taldh, (C4ं, referring to another) Divorce by
delegation : giving to a wife the option or liberty of being
separated, or to a third person authority to pronounce a
separation between husband and wife.
TALA Kf, A. (** , a meeting) In law, forestalling the market
by meeting a kdfila and buying up the goods.
TALAM, Tam. (ंठ6oth, for the S. स्यलं) A place, a site : a
town, a willage : a temple : also, in the sense of place, TALAI.
Talam-hdral, corruptly, Talam-cacel, Tallum-cancell, Tam.
6 N
 TAL
(ंठ6otbeerrcu69) A guard, the main guard, willage or
town guard or watch (it is more correctly Talai-lacal,५. v.)
Tal4ri, corruptly, Tallary, Tallary, Tel. Karn. (ॐeree),
Talaiydri, corruptly, Talliar, Tolli, Tollia?’, Tam.
(Bºou-rTD) The village watchman, one of the subor
dinate officers of a willage.
Talattair,Tam.(pl. ggoछैट्ठrrघै) The principal town's-people.
TALAMBRALU, 'Tel. (999७2299) Throwing rice over the
head of the bride and bridegroom at a marriage, for luck ः
the rice so thrown.
TALASH, H. &c. (A. U**ं) Search, inguiry.
Tal4sh:, H. &c. (_s*"$) An induirer, a searcher :
an officer
who examines goods at a custom-house : also search, Seek
ing : fees formerly lewied at Benares on persons leawing
the town, and liable to be searched.
TAIATi, corruptly, TALLATw, Gu2. (ct&tu४) Thevillage ac
countant, usually in the employ of the government.
TAI.ATf, TAI.ATHi, Mar. (तळ्ळीटी , तळठाठी) Collection of re
venue from the cultivators : the officer collecting it.
Talagddr, Talathddr, Mar. (तलाटदार, तळ्ाठदार) An officer
whose dnty it is to collect the sums due by the cultivators
to the gowernment.
TALAvARA, Karn. (ॐयव्ॐ) A willage watchman paid for
his services by a grant of land at a guit-rent.
'I'ALI, (?) H. A fee paid to the Patrudrः out of the govern
ment Share on his taking an account of the crop.
TAI.i, corruptly, THULLEE, Mar. (तव्ठी) A term for plunder,
arson, and murder, publicly perpetrated by the people of
one willage upon those of another in satisfaction of the
exactions of a government officer, or of the claims of the
perpetrators : it has various other meanings, as, a platter
in which contributions are collected for presentation to an
idol, the slab of a hand mill, articles sent by a mewly
married boy to his young bride at her mother’s house, &c.
TALi,corruptly,TALLv,Tam. (ंठT 6र्धौ) A piece ofgold, form
ing either the centre or the sole ornament of a necklace,
which is tied on the neck of the bride by the bridegroom |
at the time of marriage : the term and practice are common |
to all the people of the peninsula.
'ali-bottu, Tel. (छं9धं) The piece of gold which is
tied round the neck at marriage.
TALf KA, TALikA, H. (A. AंAlं, &ंAJ) An inventory, a
list of articles.
TAI.i Ar UNDA, Uriya (६|R1नुं,) Land for Sowing rice in seed
ttpon.
506
TAMI
TALJfAT, A. (***) Forcing the will ः in law, the inter
pretation of a contract or engagement in a different sense
from that which the terms properly denote.
Baia-ā-taljiah, (***eं) A nominal sale, one in which
no sale has been effected, although by a beliefin its reality
some object is attained by the seller : in law such sale is
of no effect, although the purchaser may declare it to have
been a bona-fide transaction.
TALEfN, H. (A. Jं७) Informing, instructing the ceremony
of admitting a person into any order or Society and initi
ating him in its institutions.
TALLA, Mal. (o3).3), TALLI, Tel. (ॐg) A mother.
Tallakura, Mal. ((o3).3).cos०) Inheritance, by the mother’s
side : the mother’s inheritance or portion.
Tallapari, Mal. (o2.2.o-lfol) The mother’s line.
TALLUPADIPATRAM, Tam. (gefr७)-१-L-' ँठीDia) An
invalid or rejected bond or voucher.
TAI.I.UTAI, Tam• (gefr७)ंठं) Putting away or divorcing
a wife.
Tallutalin-chittu, Tam. (ंठ6fr७bg6)ॐौre*-G) A bill
or writing of divorce.
TALyrADANGAL, Tam. (ंठrrefruo-r Je6) Close of the wet
crop harvest.
TALPAT, (?) Gu2. Land paying full rent or assessment, or
a half or other proportion of produce to the government,
as distinguished from lands held as priwate property, or at
a guit-rent, or rent-free.
TAMADi, H. (A. ८.se५G, from ५.3ax०, what has lasted) A
long time, limitation of time, rules of limitation which
bar a ciwil prosecution.
| TAMA KU,TAMAKHU, H. ७%५G ०*५G, तमाकू, तमाखु) Tobacco,
- the plant or leafः three kinds are distinguished, Tamaku
kdbult, Tamaku-lokrd, and Tamaka८-mdiki: ; the last is
considered the best.
TAyrALi, Beng. (जोमनी) An inferior caste of Hindus in Ben
gal, usually petty retail dealers and shopkeepers.
TAstAsHA, H. &c. (A. ५*५G) Show, spectacle, a show, any
thing attracting and amusing spectators.
TAMAgUL, H. (A. OGuG) Eduality t in Mohammadan law,
the division of an inheritance among the legal sharers when
their number and that of the shares is the same ; as for
instance, where there are four Sharers having egual rights
severally to four shares, Such numbers are termed JMuta
mndsulः other terms describe warious modifications of the
*
principle of allotment as follow :
 TAM
Tadakhul, (U5-lAG) Concordance, when the number of shares
may be divided without remainder by the mumber of sharers,
| as where there are nine shares and three Sharers ; the num
bers are termed Mutadakhaal.
Tarc4fal: (J*';) Commensurability, the division of the
। shares and sharers by a common divisor, as where there
" are eight sharers and twenty Shares, both divisible by four,
termed Watarodfuk.
Tabdyum, (७५५ं) Incommensurability, when no third num
ber will edually divide the numbers of shares and sharers,
as when they are severally mine and ten : the numbers
are termed Mutabdyum.
TAyrAssUK, corruptly, TUMMASOOK, TUM USSook, TUMSOOK,
TosrsooR, H. &c. (७4-५%AG) A bond, a note of hand, a
written acknowledgment or engagement.
Tamassuk-ā-hd2ir-2dmin{, H. (see Haxir-26mini) A bond
or recognisance as a Security for personal appearance : a
bond formerly given by Zamindārs to the revenue officers
of the gowernment on receiving the grant of a Zaminditrf
| as a surety for their personal appearance whenever reduired
by the government or its officers.
Tamassuk-jaid4di, H. (P. ele:५-, ५. v.) A bond hypothe
cating property.
TAyr B, TAMBARA, TAMBARA, Mar. (तांव, तांबरा, तांबार)
Blight attacking a field of wheat.
TAyr BAI.AwADU,Tel. (ॐ००९.्णंC) A man ofa mixed caste,
the offSpring of a female Brahman by adulterous intercourse
with a Brahman : he is commonly a priest in a temple
of Sica.
TAstBAN, Mal. (moo-prt) A prince, a member of a royal
family.
Tambatti, Mal. (ooभ-93) A princess, a female of royal
descent.
Tambi, Mal. (oco-?) A younger brother: the title of the
_ Raja of Travankur.
। TAst BfH, H. (A. &ंG) Correction, admonition ः in law, ad
_ monition to be given by the judge to parties guilty of venial
offences.
TAyr BULA,TAMBU I.f, S., but adopted in all the dialects, Some
times slightly modified, as TAM U Lf, TAMBoLI, TAM BLI,
&c. (तांबूल -ली) Piper betel ; also the pungent leaf of it
rolled up for mastication with small pieces of areka-nut
and spices, with sometimes a small guantity of catechu and
caustic lime. See Pdm.
Tamboli, H. (S. J**ं) T4mboli, Mar. (तबिोली), Tamol:,
507
TAN
Gu2. (ट1भtu&{l) A caste, or member ofit, whose occupation
| is selling betel leaves. _
Tambolin, H. (S. 9;*ं), T4mbolim, Mar. (तांबोलीण), Ta
molim, GuZ. (८tभtu०{lut) A woman who makes up and
sells the leaf of the Piper betel prepared for mastication.
Timbil-srdgagi, Mar. (तांबूलश्रावणी) A present made by a
man newly married to the member of the willage com
munity who is charged with the superintendence of public
ceremonies in honour of the tutelary deity of the willage.
TAMBURAN, Mal. (oCo.J(oprrt) A prince, a Raja, a lord,
a master, the title of the Cochin Rāja.
Tamburatti, Mal. (oCo-go93) A gueen, a princess, a
lady, a mistress. ”
TAMGHA, H. (T. ५AG) A royal seal or stamp, a royal grant.
See Altamglia.
TAMII., or TAMIZH, Tam. (BLAlg) The Tamil language,
that of the people subject to the Madras Presidency, from
Madras to Cape Komorin.
TAMf R, H. (A. AAश्j) Restoring, repairing t in law, render
ing a house habitable by putting it in repair, or a field
productive by judicious cultivation.
TAsf Lik, H. (A. ५--AAAG, from v4-५०) Possessorship, property.
Tamlil-ndma, H. (P. &०७ , a document) A deed oftransfer,
whether of gift or conveyance.
Tamlik-rca-tandiat-ndma, H. (A. P. &०७ं,ं,७4-५LAG) A
deed ofgift and trusteeship which assigns property in trust
to a particular person, with the proceeds of which he is
to defray the expenses of a religious establishment, amd, if
there be any Surplus, he may apply it to his private use.
TAyf RA, vernacularly, TAMA, TAMBA, TAMBEN, S. &c. ताश्चा,
u२७, ५GSः तांबा, तवेि') Copper.
Tambat, Mar. (तांबढ) A braaier, a coppersmith by caste and
occupation.
TAmbrं, Mar. (तांबरी) Copper-coloured, a sort of soil of a
reddish or coppery hue : it is a stiff clay mixed with sand
in various proportions, and not in general very productive.
Tamrapatra, S. (ताश्वपच), Tamarapar,Mar.(ताम्रपट) A copper
plate, especially one on which grants to temples or indivi
duals are inscribed, such plates are found in all parts of
India, but are especially numerous in the south of India.
TANA, H. &c. (S. ७b, ताना), Mar. (ताणा) The warp, the
threads lengthwise on the loom.
Tdmं, H. &c. (.3५ , तानी) The warp of cloth : the price paid
for weaving.
TANAB, incorrectly, TENAB, H. (--'-Je) A tent rope : a mea
 TAN। TAN

sure for measuring land ः it was originally of rope, but TANio, Gu2. (ctuettश्tu) A wire.
in the time of Akbar it was ordered to be made of bambus TANJALI, Tel. (ॐceठाrं)) A seller of betel leaves.

joined by iron rings.
TANA KAZ, A. (U%BUG) Contradiction ः in law, bringing for
ward two opposing and incompatible claims to the same
property which are considered to invalidate each other.
TANA KHoRf, Mar. (तनाखोरी) Embe22lement, fraudulent ap
propriation of money or of goods received for expenditure,
or in trust.
TANKA, S. (ढैक) A weight of silver egual to four mdishas :
among the Marathas the 4'anh, or Tink (ढैक, टॉक) is
variously rated at four or nine m८tshas, or as the same
with a tola, or the seventy-second part of a pakka sdr : a
coin, a stamped coin in general ; whence it came to be
applied, sometimes slightly modified, to specific coins in
different metals.

TANARIRI, Mal. (opo००6?lfol) A small bag of money as an | Tanh4, Tanka, Beng. (छॆ*कl, उ*कi) Money in general: a
offering to an idol. rupee : see Taka. Uriya (8Gºl) A measure of money
TAN p, H. (Gऽ, टांड) A scaffold in a field of corn on which value = ten hdhams of kauris.

a man or boy keeps watch to drive away beasts and birds 4'anham, Tel. (&?०$०) A coin formerly current, but now
when the grain is about to ripen. used only in account, = to four silver single fanams; there
TAN p, Hindi (टांड) High and poor soil.-Chota Nagpur. was also a gold Tankam, and a copper coin similarly
TANI)A, Mal. ((o6`s) An open palankin, used in Malabar, named, both obsolete : the latter, however, may be preserved
commonly called Wanjil. at Goa, in the copper coin there called, vulgarly, Tomg/,
TANDA, Tel., Karn. (ॐ०८s) A troop of travelling traders, = to I0 Goa paisas, or one-twelfth of a Goa rupee, being
Lambftdis or Banj{tras : any assemblage of people, a crowd, a large and clumsy piece of copper.
a mob. Tankam, Mal. (oneo०), Tangam, Tam. (gr Jeta) Fine

TAN-DAFTAR, H. (P. Jं, the body, or an individual, AGe, gold.

record) An office, under the Mohammadan government, in
which assignments of revenue to individuals were registered.
TANDAf, (?) Tel. An inferior native rewenue-officer or col
lector under the head farmer.
TANDAL, Tam. (g०र्रा-6) Collection, demand.
TANDAI., Thug. One of the sewen primitive clans.
TANDP, Karn. (G०d) A father.
TANDEI.U", vulgarly, TINDAL, Tel. (ॐ०ळैeo), TANDEI, Mar.
(तांडेल) The head or commander of a body of men ः in
ordinary use, a petty native officer employed on board ship,
or in the ordinance and tent departments on shore : also
Tamhakdsa, Mal. ((op8oःc6a0C/०) A gold ducat.
Tanka४dld,vernacularly,Talisdl, or Ti/sdl, corruptly, Tack
sal, Tamhasarlee, Tumkisal, Tanksall, S. (टेकशाला) H.
(J५~$), Mar. (टकशाळ्, टाकशाळ) A mint.
Talisdli,Talisdlid,H.(J.G.५lu~ं), Tink-,orTaisdlya,
Mar. (ट्रकशाख्या) An officer or master of the mint : a caste,
or member of it, whose occupation is coining.
Tamhacelahairam, Mal. ((O89-6ीo.Je-ice6)0(ort) A goldsmith.
TANKA, TANKAN, TANKANI, Beng. (घ्रेi॰कi, छैi०कन, छैi*हनि)
Appraising goods, fixing a value or price.
TAN KEN, or TA KEx, Mar. (टकिं, तीके), TANKH, (-ंb, said

in buildings and public works : the head of a gang of to be GuZerathi) A reservoir of water, an artificial pond,
labourers. commonly known to Europeans in India as a Tanh.
TAspiu, Tel (ंee) A father. Tainhi, GuZ. (2u०%t) A reservoir of water : a small well.
Tandrisaidddu, Tel. (ॐ० ७्। ॐा' ंC) A father’s brother Taingal,Tam. (ंठrT rileE60) A small naturalpondor reservoir.
or sister. TANKAcHCH I, pron. TANGAcHI, Mal. (ogo24)) The wife
TANGA, Hindi (टंगा) A large reedy kind of grass, growing of the Rāja of Travankur : a female of the same family
on high ground (Saccharum procerum). or class.

TANI KI, Tel., Karn. (ं७$, from the A. 6ं) Ascertain Tungai, or Tamgaichi, Tam. (grt.cº-८, grtucº-Geº)
ment t used as a rewenue term to signify the examination A younger sister : (it is no doubt the same word as the
or comparison of a statement or account ; ascertaining its preceding).
correctneSS. TANKAR, (?) A tax on loons.-Kamaon.
7'amik{ddr, Tel. (ं२$० &) An inspector, an auditor, an TANKARA, Gu2. (८०%u२u), TANKARi, or TAKARi, Mar. (S.
examiner, an overseer. (ंकारी, टंकीरंी) A stonecutter, a guarrier, a miner.
508
 TAN
TANKHwAH, pronounced TANKHA, corruptly,TANKA,TUNKA,
TUNKwAH, TUNCAw, H. &c. (४)*७), TANKHA, Mar.
(त खT) An order or draft for money, a bill of exchange,
an assignment by the ruling authority upon the revenue of
any particular locality in payment of wages, pay,.gratuity,
or pension, or in repayment of advances, or any specified
head of charge : in the Dakhin, the standard rent-roll of
a village or district ; also the oldest revenue assessment,
or that fixed by the -1dil-Shdh{ princes of Bijapur, and
re-settled by Toral-Mal, in the reign of Akbar, for the same
tract of country : also, under the Moghul government, an
assignment of rewenue to maintain vessels of war at Surat
to conwoy pilgrims going to Mekka by sea.
Tamkhmah-dahand, H. (P. AGºoc9, let them give) The form
of words inscribed by the Wagir upon a written application
for an assignment of revenue when complied with : if the
sum exceeded 90,000 ddms the emperor's signature was
necessary.
Tankhd-rakami, Uriya (६०%1|9.११1) The title given in Cut
tack to the assessment of the land revenue by Toral-Mal.
TAN KiH, H. (A. 6ं), TANIKf, Tel. (ं२$) Investigation,
search, induiry, especially examination and werification of
accounts or revenue payments. _ TAP, Thug. Bread.
TANKi, (?) Uriya. A light or Guit-rent.
Tank{-ddr, (?) Uriya. The holder of land at a guit-rent.
Tanki-jamin, (?) Uriya, Land held at a low or guit-rent.
TAN KSUTKU, Karn. (66ंo-प्&S) An extorted assessment.
TANNf RKAL, Tam. (geर्छाठठार्गणैकैट्rrं) A water-course.
Tammir-pandal, Tam. (ंठ०र्राठ्ठार्शं" ॆ"-"ं,ंठं) A shed
where water is distributed to passers by.
TANSIP, H. (A. -3~ं) Dividing in halfः settling a disputed
claim by taking the medium of the value in litigation.
TANT, H. &c. (S. cº-G७, तांत, तंच), Beng. (उi*थ्) A loom,
a weawing apparatus : also thread, fibre, sinew, the string
or wire of a musical instrument.
T4ntabdya, Beng. (उteउदपि, S. तंचवाय) A weaver.
TAnt-gdrd, Beng. (उi*उ१ीजi) A hole sunk in the floor in
which the treddles of a loom play.
Tainti, H. &c. (S. ५.*५ , ततिी) A weaver by caste and occu
pation ः in Cuttack the weaver caste is considered one of the
impure and servile castes : in GuZerat the word, modified
as T4i, is applied to a low caste of Mohammadan weavers.
Taintikallaru, corruptly, Culleroo, (?), see Kalla, Thug.,
Said to be applied to a clan of Thugs in Karnata who
employ a noose of wire or gut for strangulation.
509
TAP
T4ntichipa, Uriya (६)|ं]c1al) Strangulation.
7'dnt-kar, vernacularly, Tamdkar, H. (from S. करः, a tax)
A tax on looms in Kamaon.
TANTA, Mal. ((Uprro)) A father.
Tantakatra,Mal.(forro)ं9०)Inheritance by the father’sside.
Tantacari, Mal. (fooo)o-lº) The father’s line, or inheri
tance through the father.
TANTA,TANTE, Karn. (G०&Jळ), 6०ई) Debt,deceit, knavery ः
slander : dispute, Guarrel : any unpleasant matter, or one
of difficult adjustment.
Tamtekho?’, Karn. (6०ं,०९४) A knave, a cheat, one
in debt, a troublesome person.
TANTAN, vulgarly, ToM-ToM, Beng. (मित्रॆs) A small drum,
especially one beaten to bespeak notice to a public procla
mation : it is laxly applied to any kind of drum.
TANTRIKA, vernacularly, TANTRIK, S. &c. (तांबिक) A fol
lower of the doctrines of the Tantras, a set of works in
culcating mystical and impure rites in honour of different
forms of Sipa and Durad, constituting the principal au
thority for the worship practised in many places, and in
fluencing Hindu opinions and observances in the present
day more than either the Wedas or Purdmas.
TAPA, TAPU, vulgarly, ToPo, ToPU, Beng. (उ*, उशृ) West,
east ; technical terms So used in the willage register to in
dicate the relative position of diferent fields or properties.
TAPA, Hindi (टपा) An island in a river.
TAPA KCHI, H. (P. ॰ङ्गं) A head accountant under the
Mohammadan administration, a chief rewenue accountant
attached to the finil or provincial collector’s establishment.
TAPARIHAU, Hindi (*५,ं, तपरिहाञ्चा) Land cultivated in
small patches, interspersed amongst the uncultivated por
tions of an estate.
TAPAs, S. &c. (तपस्) Penance, ascetic, devotion, the inflic
tion of personal self-denial or torture.
Tapasict, vernacularly, Tapasi, or Tapassi, S. &c. (तपखी,
७“ं) A devotee, an ascetic a penitent. Tapasngin{, or
1'apasint, a female ascetic.
Tapasyd, S. &c. (तपस्या) Austere or ascetic devotion.
Tapodhana, S. &c. (तपस्, and धन, wealth) Rich in dewotion,
an ascetic, one who leads a life of penance : in Gu2. the
servant and minister of a temple.
TAPASNis, corruptly, TAPP0SNUwEES, TUPUSNEEsE, Mar.
(तपासनीश, from Tapds तपास, inguiry),TAPAsNAR, Gua.
(ct`tuxtett२) An officer under the Maratha government
6U
 TAP
whose duty it was to inguire into, and report upon, rob- ।
beries and other crimes committed in his district : he was
also authorised to apprehend offenders, or to compel the
willageauthorities to apprehend them, and, upon their failure,
to impose upon the willage a fine in proportion to the
value of any property stolen : a sort ofinspector of police.
TAPPA, TUPPA, H. &c. (ं, तप्पा) A small tract or division
of country, smaller than a pargana, but comprising one or
more villages : a division of country for the revenue of
which only one engagement is entered into with the go
vernment : a small estate: in some parts of the north-west
provinces a Tappa denotes a tract in which there is one
principal town, or a large willage, with lands and willages
dependent upon them; or a cluster of willages acknowledging
the supremacy of one amongst them, and forming a sort
of corporate body, although not otherwise identical.
Tappdddri-mauga, H. (*-3;२-9eं) The principal willage
of a Tappa, usually giving its natne to the whole Tappd.
TAPPA, Tel. (&9ंड़ा), Mar. (टप्पा),TAPPA, TAPPALU,TAPPE,
Karn. (ंव, &ंउवco, &3ं8), TAPo, pronounced
TAPPo, Gu2. (८५u) A stage, a halting place,. a place
where relays of letter-carriers or palankin bearers are
posted, also the relay itself ; also, in Tel. and Karn., the
post : more usually Tappdl, see the next.
Tappalu, Tel. Karn. (&9:उ॰eo), Tappal, Mar. (टप्पाल),
Tapal, Gn2. (८५u&t) The post ; the carriage and delivery
of letters, &c.
Tappdhdjada, Karn. (83:उवठळxॐ) A letter sent by post.
Tappdlu-kham6ं, Karn. (ंउवcoुव्र्र)
Post-office.
Tappdlu-४ddu, Tel. (ंo~णंC) A postman.
Tappi, Tel. (*ं) An express.
TAPPAL, TAPPowAL, Thug. A bye-path, one out of the high
way into which travellers are decoyed.
TAPPALU, Tel. (pl. ॐ३co) Corn of which the ears are
empty from blight or dearth.
TAprr, (?) Tel. A wooden stamp for marking patches ofearth
put upon piles or stacks of corn.
TAPtj, H. ७:G, तापू) An island.
TAPU, Beng. (उं, abbreviation of S. तत् , that, and पूर्व्वे,
fore) A term used in accounts, especially in measurement
or land surveying, eduivalent to aforesaid, as before, already.
TAR, Hindi (तरं, for S. तल) Bottom, underneath, under-surface.
1arsiddha, Hindi (तरसिड़) The under-surface (of land or
of a field) broken up and prepared for Sowing, although।
the upper surface is cowered with grass.-Puraniya.
510
TAR.
Tar-upar, Hindi (S. उपरॆि, upper) Breaking up the upper
Surface of land slightly so as to remowe the grass and
weeds.-Puraniya.
TAR, H. (P. _P) Moist, wet, fresh, green, &c.
Tara, H. (P. ४,ं) Garden herbs, vegetables, greens.
Tard{, H. (.s!;) Marsh, meadow, marshy ground ः it is
applied especially to the moist and jangli tract running
along the foot of the first range of the Himalaya for several
hundred miles, varying in breadth from two to fifteen :
low, moist land lying along the banks of rivers.
Tari, corruptly, Turree, H. (AP) Moisture. Mar. (तररी)
Wet or rice-lands. Uriya (६?) Alluvial deposit.
Tarsua, Hindi (तरशुच) Water or moisture exuding from
underneath the soil.
TAR, H. &c. (S.]5 , ताड) A palm tree ः it is applied to both
the Palmyra or Borassus flabelliformis, and the Corypha
talliera, and loosely to various other kinds of palms ः it
is most appropriate to the Palmyra, from the stem of
which the juice is extracted which becomes tdri, or, vul
garly, toddy : the Corypha does not yield the same, but
its leaves are used for writing upon : the letters are cut
with an iron style, and then smeared ower with a prepa
ration of lamp-black serving as ink, which is wiped off
_
from the surface of the leaf
Tir-llam, erroneously, Tarbumd, H. (from S. bama, or cana
बन, a wood) A plantation of palm trees.
Tiri, Tidi, vulgarly, Todd/, H. (.9U, ताडी) The juice
or Sap of the Palmyra tree and of the cocoa-nut, which is
drawn off by incisions made in the bark, and the exudation
is received by small earthen vessels fastened over the
wounds in the bark t when first drawn the juice is sweet,
somewhat insipid, and harmless, but when allowed to stand
for a day or more it undergoes spontaneous fermentation,
and becomes a fiery and highly intoxicating spirit.
Tairipatra, S. &c. (पच, a leaf) The leaf of the Corypha
palm, especially when used for writing upon ः any docu
ment written on palm leaves, See Talapatra.
Tairincdld, H. &c. "-9५, ताडीवाला) A man who climbs
be
the palm trees and extracts the sap for the making of tari.
7'arrcaro, Gu2. (ct२.१u२t) A man who extracts tairf from
palm trees.
TAR, H. (P.29) A wire, a thread, the string of a musical
instrument. .
Tdrhash, H. (P. c~9७) A drawer of gold or Silver wire
TABA, Mal. (fo०) A town, a willage, a district.
 TAR.
TARADDUD, H. (A. e9ं), TARADDU DU, Tel. (ॐंशंo)
Active exertion, especially labour in agriculture, whence
it comes to signify cultivation in general.
Taraddudi.jamin, less correctly, Taruddudi-2amām, H.
(७:9.soe; तरहुदी, or तरूहुदी जमीन) Cultivated land,
especially land that is always in cultivation, newer reguiring
to lie fallow.
Taradditdu-jabitaं, Tel. (ॐंशं७चाध्छ`), 7'aradda4
dina-patti, Karn. (ॐंगं8ं) Am account shew
ing the species and Guantity of seed sown, the extent of
land under cultivation, and the portion left fallow.
TARAF, TURUF, vernacularly, TARAPH, corruptly, TEREF,
TU RRUF, blunderingly, TURNEPF, H. &c. (-9,०, तरफ)
Lit. Side, part : also a tract of country, a subdivision of
a pargama, including Several willages : in some places it
merely designates the lands or estate belonging to an in
dividual which is named after him, as, 4'argf Jayn4rayan
G/kos4lः in Mar. it signifies also a portion of village lands.
Taraph-bandi, Turuph-bumdee, Mar. (तरफवंदी) A system
of assessment and tenure in which the lands of a village
are diwided into large parcels, each of which is held of
government by an entire family, not a branch of it, the
individual members of the family making an arrangement
amongst themselves for the cultivation of the several por
tions, but being answerable collectively for the whole as
seSSment.
Taraf-bdnt, H. (cº-s५-9e) The holding of seweral sepa
rate divisions of willage lands by diferent branches of the
.community, the coparceners of one 4'ardfhaving no interest
in another, although included under the same willage : the
division may sometimes originate in difference of caste or
religion, so that a village may have a Mohammadan and
a Hindu Tarafः
Targfºddr, H. &c. (P. 9le, who has) An officer of govern
ment in charge of a Taraf, collecting the revenue and
exercising chief revenue and police authority in his district:
the holder of a 4'ardf or portion of willage lands : also,
generally, one who takes a side or part, an assistant, an
ally, a partisan. _
1'arafain, H. &c. (A. du, ७:9e) Both sides, both parties
in a law-suit.
Taraphaiam, GuZ. (द1ं?२५०t) A drill-plough (having a |
drill tube on each side of the handle).
Targfºgdni, H. (A. 4' ँ, second) An adversary, an oppo
nent, the defendant in a suit.
ॐ11
_ TAR
TARAGU, Tam. (gDe),TARAgA,orTA RARA, Mal. ((O(o०8;),
TARAGU, TARUGU, Tel. (ॐeex०, ॐecox०) Brokerage,
commission, a small deduction from the price of the articles
purchased claimed by the agent of the purchaser, the das
tt;rt of Hindustan, ५. v. : a balance, a measure : a grant
of land, or the like ; also, in Tel., wastage, deficiency.
Tarakam, pronounceable,Taragam, Mal. (Ofoebrrt) A broker,
an agent : the name of a caste of Stidras, or of an indi
vidual of the caste.
TARAI, Mar. (तराळ्) A man of a low caste attached some
times to the willage establishment, who acts as a porter, car
rying burthens for government or travellers as far as the
nearest willage ; he officiates also as a Sort of beadle : the
term is derived from the office, as the duty is discharged
and the fees are received for a given time by each of the
willage Mahārs in rotation.
TARAM, corruptly, TERRryf, Tam. &c. (व्ठDrta, from the A.
८9०, sort), TARAMU, Tel. (ॐंOC) Sort, kind, class :
it is especially applied in the south of India to desigmate
the different classes of willage lands, and the heads under
which they are arranged in the willage accounts.
7'aram-chithth4, corruptly, Turm-chitta, Tel. (ॐ४००डूष्)
A rough valuation or classification ofland.
Taramdarudu, or Taramddir, corruptly, Terrimddr’, Tel.
(ॐ०८ञ्ॐoॐ०) An assessor, a surveyor and classifier of
land ः in Mar. Taram, incorrectly, Turrum (तरम्), is used
also, but rather laxly, in this sense, being the appellation
of any officer who, in former revenue surveys, determined
the classification and assessment of the lands, but who, in
the present day, has only to class them according to selected
specimens of the different sorts of soil.
Taram-mutasaddi, corruptly, Terrim-mutaseddi,Tam (from
the A. .354*०) An asseSSor of land.
Tarappt८rattu, Tam.(ंछDLL- Drt--G) Fraud in classifying
the lands of a willage.
Tarappadi, Tam. (ंठप्रult-lu}) Statement of the extent of
a village as arranged in different classes.
Tarappadi-kanakku, Tam. (E०ठष्ठाफैG), an account) The
portion of the willage register which records the extent and
description of the several sorts of the willage lands.
Tarappadi-mdng/am, Tam. (LarT ०००्रीu-Ita, a free grant)
Those portions of the willage lands which are particularised
in the village register as held rent-free hereditarily, either by ।
ownership or by office.
| TARANA, S. &c. (तारण) The l8th year of the cycle.
 TAR
TARATA KA, (?) Mar. A fee on marriages, or rather on the
awnings erected in front of the houses at the celebration
of a marriage.
TARAwATA, or TARAwApA, vulgarly, TARwAD, TARwAUD,
Mal. (Unoo-l9s) A house, a family, especially a united
family whose affairs are managed by one or more of the
chief members ; the union may be broken up altogether
or subdivided by mutual consent; the family are bound by
the acts of the recognised manager: the institution appears
to be in some respects peculiar to Malabar, and to present
some singular provisions, as where the property is con
sidered as restricted to the females of the Tarngdd, and
the males have no power of alienating it.-Madras Deci
sions, Calicut. May I852.
Taramoditta-janma, Mal. (ro००-l93ध्3C2) Family hereditary
property.
Tarandttuhdram, Mal. (o०o-l9३८96)port) A householder,
a man offamily, the managing member of a united family ः
formerly these heads of families were looked upon as au
thorities and arbitrators in disputes amongst the people of
a district, especially in regard to matters concerning caste,
marriages, obseduial rites, and religious ceremonies.
Taramud{tu-mutal, Mal. (ooo.ipga(mºb) Family property.
TARAwI, H. (A. ५४)) Certain prayers to be read by an
Imdm or IItifis in the presence of a congregation daily
after evening prayer during the fast of Itam2dn for twenty
or thirty days : also a daily supererogatory prayer which
may be read at eight A.M.
TARAZU, H. (P. 9;';) A balance, a pair of scales ः in Sindh,
a money tax on all articles of food sold in the baZār.
TARf, Tam. (gp) A weaver's loom.
Tarikadamai, and Taricari,Tam. (ंठg)Ge-cºpu०, रृpठी
6-JDh) A duty or tax levied upon weavers, especially on
those settled in willages, payable in money to the proprietors
of land, and carried to the credit of the general fund for
willage expenses.
TARIA, Thug. A gold mohur. _ water from the palm of the hand to the manes at the time
TARi F, H. &c. (A. ५-४,ं, from -9e, to know), TARIPH,
Hindi (तारीफ), TARIPHU, Tel. (&obं)) Determination,
ascertainment, a table of rates of export and import duties,
in which sense the word has been adopted in English and
other European languages : (probably through the Spanish
from the Arabic).
TARiKA, or TARAkAH, incorrectly, TARRA, H. (A. 49ं, *ं,
from ५-2x , to be left) Property of every description left TARUGARA, (?) Karn. A village officer in Karnata whose
छे12
TAR
by a person deceased: inheritance of such property, whe
ther by succession or beguest.
TARikH, H. &c. (A. 89C) Date, era, epoch.
7'drikh-?cdr, H. &c. 9';*ः:)७) According to the date.
TARIPAR, Gu2. (S. ०11५u२., from tarf, a crossing over, and
1)dra, the opposite bank) Transportation beyond sea.
TARISU, corruptly,TERBEE,TEERsEy, TERsEw, Tam. (ंठDhe)
Waste or uncultivated land, whether So from time imme
morial or only for a season, fallow : any uncultivated field ः
the boundaries of a willage.
Tarisa, Mal. (ofol००) adj., Fallow, uncultivated.
Tarisunilam, Mal. (m(0०8o?le–l०) Waste or fallow land.
TARfZ, vernacularly, TARi.J, H. &c. (A. ०ं!)ं , exchange)
Statement of particulars of landed property deposited in the
collector’s office.
Tair{j, Gu2. (A. ०tu{\०४) Abstract recapitulation, a number
of items set down without detailed specification, for the
purpose of adding them together and getting a total.
TARJAMA, TARJAMA, H. &c. (A. AA4-P, ५**), TARJAMA,
TARJUMA, Mar. (तरजमा, तरजुमा) Translation, interpre
tation : in Mar, also, an abstract statement, a report of
proceedings ; an abstract framed from the ek-berja papers
of the total receipts, expenses, and balances of the govern
ment on all accounts for the year ः in Bengal it is also
applied to the English abstract which accompanies native
documents transmitted to the superior authorities.
Tarjamain, Tarjumdm, H. &c. (A. ७५`* , तयजमानः, तर
जुमान) A translator, an interpreter, whence the European
corruption, Dragoman.
TARKARf, H. &c. (.99ं, तरकाररी) Esculent vegetables ः a
tax imposed on gardens or ground on which vegetables
are grown, especially those of most value, as ginger, tur
meric, tobacco, and the like, on which a higher rate of
assessment is usually levied.
TARPANA, vernacularly, TARPAN, S. &c. (तपेण) Lit. Satis
fying, but applied especially to the daily presentation of
of bathing.
TARRAR, H. (A. )]2e) A cheat, an impostor, a swindler, a
pickpocket.
TARU, Tam. (S. ट्ठ(C) A tree, as in Sanskrit, but it is a
term inserted in deeds of sale or gift of land, to indicate
the conveyance of all the vegetable products of the lands
transferred. _
 TAR.
business it is to keep the cultiwators to their work, and
watch that they do not remove any of the crop before the
govermment share has been taken (perhaps a mistake for
Talacdra, ५. v.).
TARUMBU,Tam. (ंठgltat-l) A dam to stop a stream and turn
it into a different direction.
TAs, Thug. The blue jay : on the right, or crossing from left
to right, a good omen : the contrary indicates neither good
nor ill.
TA5ADAK, H. (A. GA4) Alms, giving alms.
Tasadiku, or Tastikuं, Karn. (6:००&S, 68५.९&O) Al
lowance by the government to a temple or religious esta
blishment.
TASAR, less correctly, TUSSUR, H. 9~ं , S. चसरं) An inferior
sort of silk, the produce of a worm found wild in many
parts of India (Bombyx paphia).
TASAR, Mar. (तसर) A sum compounded for with the culti
vators by the gowernment in lieu of payment in kind.
TASARRUF, H. &c. (A. ५-374) Possession, property, owner
ship, holding any thing at one's own disposal ः in law,
any act of ownership, the rights ofa proprietor ower his
property, as sale, lease, mortgage, &c.
Tasarrgf-८dmin, H. (A. ७-५*, a surety) A surety for pos
session : see the next.
Tasarrufंdmini, H. (A. _***, security) Security for pos
session : security given by the party in the possession of
litigated property that no loss shall be sustained by the
opposite party or claimant in the event of its being
decreed to him.
TASBiH, H. (A. &*“ं) Praying to God: also a rosary, which
should consist of a hundred beads of different seeds, woods,
or precious stones, which are turned ower as the prayers
are repeated t the term is commonly prefixed to writings,
and is used freduently in speech.
TAsDik, H. (A. G:A~) Werifying, attestation : a counter
mark attached to documents passing through the hands of
government officers or clerks, especially on petitions to the
Mohammadan gowernment for assignment of revenue: spe
cification ofestablishment and expenses; fixed amount or
scale of expenditure for any special purpose.
TA5-Hi HA, corruptly, TESHIHA, H. (A. 4-5~*) Muster, espe
cially under the Mohammadan government, of the horses
belonging to the state, for the purpose of being stamped.
See Daigl-i-tashiha.
Tas-hila Ddroghai, H. (P. &#9le) The office of the D6
छ18
TAS
rogha or Superintendant of the examining and stamping of
the horses of the state : assignment of rewenue or allow
ances to the officers in charge of the department.
TASHI[fR, H.(A9ं) In Mohammadan law, public exposure,
as by carrying the delinguent through the town on an ass
with his face blackened, formerly the especial punishment of
perjury. Ben. Reg. ii. I807, abolished by Act ii, 1849.
TASHKHis, strangely corrupted as TESH KEEs, TESKEEs,
TUCKSEES, H. (A. ००****) Distinguishing', ascertain
ment, valuation, assessment ः corrected assessment: net
standard revenue, or the actual or absolute amount of
realisable revenue : particular account of such rewenue, or
the awailable funds which it constitutes : (the term is used
with some laxity, but it always implies a determinate or
determinable amount of revenue assessment) : Ben. Reg.
ii. 1795.
Tashkh{8-jama-bandi, corruptly, Teshhees-, Teshees-, or
Tacksees.jumma-bundy, H. (.sAंह्-**-, annual assess
ment) The net amount of rewenue engaged for at the per
petual settlement in Bengal ; the total amount of rewenue
to be collected under the terms of that settlement ः an ac
count shewing these particulars : a statemeut of the net
annual settlement prewiously concluded with Zamindārs,
Talukdars, and others.
Tashkhं8-mukarrari, H. (A.9*०, fixed) A fixed assessment:
assessment of the lands in Cuttack made by the Subahddrs
of Bengal when Orissa was also under their authority.
T'ashkhi8-i-Bhumsla, (?) The assessment of the lands in
Cuttack made by the government of Nagpur when the
province was subject to the Bhunsla or Rāja of Nagpur.
Tashki8-i-tadlaka, H. (A. Ail॰) A dependent or subordinate
property held of a superior upon payment of the revenue
according to the current rate of the district.
Tashhhi8--tumdrºjamd, H. (A. ८**9५०, account of the
revenue) The rewised assessment of the revenue of Bengal
by Jaffir Ali Khan in 1722, in modification of that origi
nally fixed by Todar Mal.
Tax7isu, Tel. (ॐ?\ं७, vernacular corruption of Tashlahiं)
Account of the government share of the crop, valued ac
cording to the current rates.
TAsHRiF, H. (A. ५-*५,ं), TAsRiPH, Mar. (तसग्रीफ) Honour
ing, conferring honour upon any one, as by paying him a
visit, presenting a dress of honour, or any complimentary
donation : the present or honorarium so paid : in the south
of India, complimentary presents made by the cultivators
6P
 TAS
to the native rewenue officers at the time of fixing the
annual assessment.
TASIvAM, Tel. (ॐ:ॐ०) Balance of revenue due by the native
collectors.
TASLiM, H. (A. **५~ं) Salutation, the performance of Sal4m.
Tel. (but ?) Peculation, collections withheld.
TASMA-BAZf, H. (.9५**“ं, P. &~ ं, a strap, and ५.3;५,
playing) A low gambling .game played with a leather
strap and a stick: (a favourite game with the lower orders
of natives in the north-west prowinces, for a knowledge of
which they are indebted to a European soldier.
TAstl, TAsUs, Mar. तसू, तमूं) A measure of length, the 20th
or 24th part of a gas, ५. w. : it is known in the north-west
prowinces as the subdivision of a gira.
TArA, Tel. (धं) A grandfather.
7'4tamma, Tel. (छं) A grandmother, a paternal
grandmother.
TAT, H. &c. (e-'G, टाट), TAT, Mar. (ताट) Cagvas, sackcloth.
Titi, more usually, Tatt{, H. &c. (Lं _७, टाटी, टट्टी),
Titi, Mar. (ताटी) A matted screen, a framd of wicker-work
filled with the roots of the fragrant Andropogon grass and
placed before the open doors and windows of a house,
where it is kept constantly sprinkled with water, by the
evaporation of which the air that passes through into the
interior of the house is kept much below the temperature
of the external air : also, from its being inclosed with mats,
a privy.
TATiL, H. (A. c)ं) Holiday, vacation.
TATIyf MA, H. (A. **G) Appendix, supplement: a supple
mental pleading or petition.
Tatimma-drg{, Tatimma-samcdil, H. (from ५.**** a repre
sentation, or J';“ • a reguest) A supplemental or amended
plaint or petition.
Tatimma-tafrāk, H. (A. Gः';*G , separation) A supplementary
record of separate interests or Shares.
TATPARwAM, wernacularly, TATPARJ, H. &c. (S. तात्पर्ये) Pur
port, object, inteption, meaning.
TATTU, H. &c. ७:G, दृढु), TATTU, Tel. (ं) A pony :
the undersiZed horse that is the prevailing breed in Bengal
and most parts of India proper.
TATTUDARI, corruptly, TATOODARRw, (?) A land tenure in
the Northern Sarkārs held at a low unalterable rent.
Gl. छेth Rep.
TAU, Thug. A party, either of travellers or Thugs.
TAU FiR, vulgarly Tow FEER, H. (A. AG;) Increase : applied
āl4
TAU
in revenue language to an augmentation of the revenue,
either from extended cultiwation or the lapse or resumption
of alienated assignments : excess above an intended amount
of assignment, which, when realised in a Jagfr, was con
sidered to be the right of the state, although rarely acknow
ledged or paid. Kasim Ali Khan, in order to cower the
loss arising from concealment of surplus, assumed its
realisation universally, and imposed an 4brudb, or cess,
upon assigned lands in its stead, which was thence also
called Taigfi?' ः the term is applied also to the surpltis on
a Jagfr or an assignment of rent-free land which is dis
cowered on either being resumed.
Taigfir-i-Jajirddrain, H. (P. 9*-, q. w.) Increase or Sur
plus revenue on the resumed assignments of the holders
of Jagirs.
Ta५fir-kdmil, or Taufir-hamdl, H. (O-3४, or UL**, com
plete) The highest rate of assessment imposed : the stand
ard revenue assessment ः (it is current in this sense espe
cially in the Dakhin).
Taufir-maugd, H. (A. e*०, a village) A village not origi- .
nally included in the assessment : a village in excess.
Tagfir-2amin, H. (P. ७*-9x land) Lands in addition to,
or excess of an original grant or measurement.
TAUHAD, Hindi (तीहद) Renting.-South-west provinces.
TAUJiH, incorrectly, ToUZEH, ToUZIH, H. (A. 3**) Ex
plaining : adjustment of accounts : assessment : a revenue
account shewing, under the name of each payer of revenue,
the total amount as it falls due by monthly instalments,
the portion actually paid, and the balance outstanding : it
is usually a willage account, and is kept by the willage ac
countant : also a register of the estates of a collectorate
kept in the collector’s office. Act i. I845.
Taujih-mahail, H. (A. Je*, an estate) An estate that pays
an assessed revenue.
Tangjil-nancis, H. (P. U~ं;', who writes) An accountant who
keeps the account termed Taujih.
TAULA, H. (}}ं, तौला) An intoxicating liguor made from
the flowers of the Mahwa tree steeped in water until fer
mentation takes place.-Oudh.
TAULfAT, H. (५-े;, from cs) Trusteeship or superin
tendence of a religious foundation º the management ofthe
funds appropriated to its support : appointing a person to
such an office, transferring property to him for such a trust:
the term is principally used in these senses in India ः in
Mohammadan law, it also signifies a sale in which the
 TAU
owner disposes of the article sold at the price which he
originally paid for it.
Tauliat-ndma, H. (P. &०G, a document) Deed of trustee
ship, one appointing a person to the management of a
religious endowment.
Tauliat-m4-al-ncasiat, H. (A. ५-*e;"e०. with a will) A
deed of endowment or trusteeship, executed as a beduest
or will to take effect only after the death of the devisor.
TAUNARI, Thug. A pretext or trick to beguile travellers.
TAऎT-DAR, (?) Beng. Manager or factor of an estate : a col
lector of rents, retaining a portion as his compensation ः (an
error for T4hudddr : see T4hut).
JDar-tdiit-ddr, Beng. A sub-collector or contractor for the
rents of an estate ः (see the last).
TAvANAI, Tam. (gou&ष्ठा) A term, a fixed term, as for pay
ment, &c• _
7'apamai-kraya-patram, Tam. (gou&ष्ठाळै८ी प्रu-"-' ँठी
Drth) A deed of sale, after a term ; by which land is trans
ferred on mortgage liable to redemption within a stipu
lated term, but becoming the absolute property of the
mortagee if not redeemed within the time.
7acanakha-chitta, Mal. (Do-l6०८96.24ls) An agree
ment to pay a loan by instalments.
Tacanamudakkam, Mal. (opo-l6T०asc96)०) Lapse of term
fixed for an instalment; failure to.pay at the stipulated time.
Tacanappanam, Mal. (mo-l6०g–०००) An instalment,
a stipulated periodical money payment.
TAwAFUK, H. (A. ७9};, from J}}}) Divisibility by a com
mon number, as in the case of an inheritance where the
number of shares and sharers is so divisible, as where there
are twenty shares and eight sharers, either is divisible by
four or by two.
TAwAHANr, A. (*** , from /*; ; imagination) Doubt, sus
picion : in law, a doubt expressed by a witness that he
may not have given full or accurate testimony through
forgetfulness or embarassment, which doubt does not in
validate his testimony if he be a person of good repute.
TAwAJ.JP, corruptly, TAwAJEE, Karn. (ॐं, from the A.
**, attention to) An allowance made to landholders.
TAwAN, H. (A. ७५७) Fine, retaliation, compensation, damages:
in law, the fine for diat, or bloodshed, as opposed to kisds,
or retaliation : among the Marathas Taingan (तावण), im
plying fine,isunderstood to signifyoneespecially imposed on
unfounded Suspicion of peculation, or on any unjust grounds.
TAwiZ, H. (A. &*G), TABfJ, Beng, (उीदीञ्ज) An amulet, a
51छे
TAZ
charm, especially a verse of the Kurān engraved on a
stone or a piece of metal, inclosed in a case and strung
on a thread worn round the neck : a platform or slab of
stone placed ower a grave.
TAwAMM UM, H. (A. /**ं) Purifying the hands, face, or other
parts of the body, by rubbing them with sand or dust
where water is not to be had for the purpose of purifica
tory ablution.
TAwAwAwKKAL, Tam. (ंठrru-6urruilकैerrं) A large
water-cOurse.
TAZi, H. (P. ८.sjb) Arab, Arabian ः an Arab horse.
1431-khana, H. (P. AGe-, a house) A dog-kennel.
TAZfA, H. (A. 4५}ं) A representation or model of the tomb
of Hasan and Hasain, at Karbala, carried in procession at
the Muharram by the Indian Shias : it is usually made
of a light framework of bambu slips covered with paper,
painted and ornamented with mica and glass, and artificial
flowers, and illuminated within and without ; it is some
times of considerable siZe and elaborate execution, and,
according to the wealth and piety of the owner, may be
constructed ofmore costly materials, as glass, ivory, Sandal
wood, or Silver : the common ones are usually thrown
away or destroyed at the end of the solemniZation, the
more waluable ones are preserved.
7%24a-d4j’, H. (P. )le, who has) A person who sets up a
Td2?a at the Muharram.
Tasia-hhdna, H. (P. AG5-, a house) The place where the
model tombs of Ali and his sons are kept when too costly
to be thrown away : this is usually the Imdm-bdra, ५. w.
or a place adjoining it.
TAZIANA, H. (AG५g७) A whip, a scourge, an instrument for
merly used in the Company's courts for the punishment
of delinduents, but the use of which has been abolished.
Td2idma-barddj', H. (P. 9'9*, bearer) The functionary who
was formerly charged with the duty of flogging culprits
condemned to be whipped.
TAZi I, H. (A. c)ं) Remowing or dismissing from office.
TAZi R, H. (A. )ं}ं) Punishment. correction º in law, punish
ment inflicted at the discretion of the judge with a wiew
to public justice ; that is, in cases where, from some im
pediment or collusion, the legal penalties might be escaped
or evaded, these discretional penalties are to be imposed :
they may extend from simple reproof to mutilation, and
ewen to death.
Tistr-dnif Tistr-shadid, H. (-%AAe , or AA%, severe)
 TAZ TEP

.Severe or rigorous punishment inflicted at the discretion use of which cakes and hardens the soil and is unfawour
of the judge. able to cultivation.

TAZKiAT, H. (A. ५--9) Sanctifying, purifying ; that part Telijutta, Tel. (ॐ0xSठं .) A tax on oil mills.

of a man's wealth which is dedicated to pious uses ः in 1'elā-hhairt, (?) A tax imposed on oilmen at so much per mill.
law, the evidence given by a number of persons in fawour Telitamboli, Mar. (तेलीतंबोली) An oilman and betel seller,
of the credibility or competence of other persons to give a comprehensive term for persons of these and other low
their testimony ः expurgation of evidence : the purgators castes.

are termed Musakk? ५.*}०). 1'elplial, Mar. (तेलफल) Marriage presents, consisting of
TAZwfJ, H. (A. 69P) Joining, association : in law, marriage, cocoa-nuts, oil, &c., sent by the bridegroom to the bride
contracting in marriage. shortly before his own coming to celebrate the marriage.
TADAL-PUNJAI, corruptly,TEDDUL-PooNJA,(?) Tam. (ंठंठ60 TELINGA, TII.ANG, or, more correctly, TELINGANA, H. &c.
t-GाGeºu-D High land ineapable of irrigation. (&ं0ं, e-2G.U, UUCAAG) TELANGAN,.Mar. (तेलंगण) The
Tadal-punja-tircai,Tam. (ंठंठ60-ॐा Gंठंघै&०cu) Assess country so named by the Mohammadans, the modern Car
ment of high unirrigated land. natic : according to Campbell (Introd. Telugu Gr.) the
TEDI, Tel. (ॐb) A day of the solar month (? a corruption word is derived from Trilingam, three celebrated Lingas
of Tithi, ५. w.). constituting the boundaries of the province : the proper
TEDvATf, (?) Mal. IDesignation of a bond in which, for money Sanscrit mame is Amdhra.

advanced, land is assigned to the lender until the loan is Tilangd, H. (Gls), Telangd, Mar. (तेलंगा) A native of Ti
paid (perhaps it should be Tadgati, S. the like of, such as). lang, from whom the first native soldiers, dressed and dis
TEGUBADI, Tel. (ॐ००) Ploughing. ciplined after the European fashion, having been raised, it
TEGU LA, Karn. (GKS९) The general designation of the came to denote a soldier,_a. Siptthi.
People who speak Tamil. Talugu, or Tenugu, Tel. ( 9e979) The language of Te
TPHRA, H. 0ं) A willage. linga (from which word Campbell derives it),
TEKAD, Mar. (टेकाड) A mound, a hillock. TENDA, Tei. (छं००) A JPakota, a lever for raising water.
TH:KKA, Mal. (6)(Ope66), Tr{KKU, Tam. (Gंठकैट्)) The Teak TENDAL, Mal. (6)(C)०rs(ct) Begging.
tree (Tectona grandis). Tendalhdram, Mal. (6)fo6rs(cbeb9fort) A beggarः a col
TER Ro, Gu2. (Tट%२u) A mound, a hillock. lector of taxes.
TEL, H. &e. (U.G, तेल, from S. तैलं, tail, derivative of til TENNA, Mal. (6)(o०ठ3), TENGU, Tam. (Gंठr C) A cocoa

fतलं, sesamum) Oil in general, especially oil extracted nut-tree (Cocos nucifera).
from sesamum seeds. Tegdaghdy, Tegki/, Tam. (Gंठrं4Gr Grru), ०्ठrā--
Telcharhdnd, H. (99-Oं) Smearing the head, shoulders, earTLL) The cocoa-nut.
hands, and feet of the bride and bridegroom with oil taken Tengu, Karn. (डॆ०KS) The cocoa-nut.

from the jar prowided for the occasion. 4'enginamara, Tenginagida, Karn. (डॆ०?\ॐ०ॐ, ई०?\ऽ
Teldinrali, (?) A contribution lewied in kind upon the oil ?\ॐ) A cocoa-nut tree.

men of a village by the Pditil. 'ening/inandru, Karn. (G०?\ंण्ठंo), Tंaddyndr, Tam.

Tel//hard, H. (D:%)ं) A jar or pitcher of oil painted and (Gंठr GrाLLप्रT द्यैः) The fibres of the cocoa-nut shell

used at marriage ceremonies. and of the stem of the tree used to make rope, mats, &c-,
Talijhdind, Mar. (तेलघाणा) An oil-mill ः certain ceremonies commonly termed Coir.
performed at the marriage of a Stidra. TENGAI.Aw, (?) The name of a religious sect in the south of
Tali, H. &c. (७' ं, तेली), Telio,Gu2. (R&{lन्तः ।) An oilman, India.-Kombakonam.

one whose caste and occupation is expressing oil by mills TEN PI, Tel. (खै०&०) A widow.

from different sorts of seeds, and selling it, considered as
a low and impure caste.
Taliti, Tali/ti, H. (५' ं, तेलीया) Oily, applied in the north
west to a sort of water of an unctuous appearance, and the
छ](}
TENTARi, IBeng. (८षॆ*āीही) A braZier.
TEP, Mar. (टेप) A mound or hillock.
TEP, GuZ. (४५) Sentence of imprisonment or transportation
for a given term, civil or military decision of a judge.
 TEP
TEPPA, Tel. (छं ३) A float or raft of timber on which the
natives go out to fish at sea ; also the float attending the
embarkment boats at Madras, commonly called Katta
77a6.7*८72.
TERAH-TEZf, H. (.9ं9 ं, from H. 9 ं; thirteen, and P.
५9*, sharpness, applied in India to a lunar day in the
month Safa?) The first thirteen days of the month Safar,
which are considered very unlucky, as Mohammad was
seriously unwell on those days ः on the l8th tecः (or day
of the lunar month), which, according to one reckoning
may be the l2th, or to another the l8th day of the month ;
good Mohammadans are to bathe and distribute food and
alms.
TERAw U, Karn. (डै6.७) Price paid to the friends of a fe
male child about to be betrothed.
TERBU LIGE, (?) Karn. Giving back.
TERGADE, and TERUGADE, Karn. (डैext-&, ङे। ॐ७)Kळै)
tlement of an account, acduittance.
TERIKE, TERIGE, TENGE, Karn. (डैeठं, उँo7रं, डै०7ं) Taxes.
Teri06hdjada, Karn. (उँo7ंeठाळxॐ) A written lease, or
a paper containing an account of the periods when instal
ments of the taxes are to be paid.
Teri//6-kula, Teri//6-yokkalu, Karn. (डॆ67ंe&७९्',
उंo7९e.
०&०ंeo) One who pays taxes, a temant of the soil.
TETTA, Karn. ( 3.) Paid, as taxes.
Tetta-hdsa,Tetta-g/dmilte, Karn. (डॆर्ट,ठळ,७७,
डै3.7त्ळ$ठं)
Tax money.
Tettakula, &c. Karn. (डै3.&Sं)
A person who pays taxes, a
tenant of the soil.
THAG, THUG, H. &c. (e-्, ठग), THAR, THAG, Mar. (ठक,
ठग) A cheat, a knave, an impostor; latterly applied to a
robber and assassin of a peculiar class, who, sallying forth
in a gang of smaller or larger numbers, and in the character
of wayfarers, either on business or pilgrimage, fall in with
other travellers on the road, and, having gained their con
fidence, take a favourable opportunity of strangling them
by throwing their turbans or handkerchiefs round their
necks, and then plundering them and burying their bodies ः
it has also been applied to child-stealing and robbery not
amounting to Dakaiti. Act iii. I848 ः the more correct
appellation is Phdnsit/ttr, ५. v.).
?'hagं, Thugi, corruptly, Tudgee, Thu00ee, H. &c. C–**ः
ठगी) The practice of strangling and robbing, the practice
of child-stealing. Act xwiii. 1887 ; xviii. 1889 ; iii. 1848.
THA KUR, THARooR, H. &c. 93' ं, ठाकुर:, S. ठकुं), Beng.
517
THA
(लैडूह), Thdhair, Mar. (ठाकूर) An idol, a deityः any indi
widual entitled to rewerence or respect, whence it is generally
applied to persons of rank and authority in different parts
of India, as a lord, a chief a master, a spiritual guide, the
JPhdit or genealogist, the head of a tribe, the head of a
willage, and the like : in the west it is commonly given
to the great feudal nobles of Tºdjputdina, as Bhim Sing/
4'hakur, &c., and is the usual title of a Rajput or Grdsia
chieftain elsewhere : in the Dakhin it is borne by the head
men of the IBhils and other wild races, and is there said
to signify also a particular tribe inhabiting the forests :
in Upper India it freguently denotes the individual members
of village communities of Brahmanical or Rajput descent,
who are notorious for irregular and turbulent conduct ः it
also means a barber. In Bengal it is eguivalent, as a term
of address, to Sir, Master, Wour worship; and is a family
Set
name indicating respectable and Brahmanical origin : the
4"hdhurs, of whom Drodrakanath 4'hakur deserves espe
cial notice as a man of liberal opinions and enterprising
character, who died in ILondon in I840, constitute a
family of Brahmams well-known and much respected in
Calcutta.
7'hakur6ं, H. (4),' ं, ठाकुराई) The ramk or office of a chief
or Thakur.
4"hdhuran{, or Thakurdin, H.&c. (3)*ं,७)*# ,ठाकुराणी)
A goddess, a lady, a mistress, the wife of a spiritual pre
ceptor, the wife of a Rajput chief, and the like : in ad
dressing a female it is eduivalent to Madam, Wour ladyship.
Thakardit, H. (cº-्)*' ँ) The holding, or tenure, or rank
of a Thdhur.
Thdhur-bdp, Beng. (छेदूददiश्र) A grandfather ; lit., a vene
rable father, &c.
4"hdikur-md, A grandmother, &c.
4"hakur-bati, or -bdrः, Beng. (ठाकूतदीर्घेी, -दiर्जी) A temple,
an idol-house. __
1"hakur-dicdrd, H. &c. (S. द्वार:, a door) A temple, a build
ing in which the village idols are kept.
Thakuriyd, Asam (ठाकूनीष) The title of a subordinate re
wenue officer charged with the collections of a subdivision
of a pargand comprising two or three willages.
1'hdhurjhi, IBeng. (ढेiकूती, from बी, a daughter) A wife’s
sister, a husband's sister ; that is to say, the husband calls
his wife's sisters by the name : the daughter of a spiritual
preceptor.
Thdhur-hhurd, Beng. (from भूज्', an uncle) A paternal uncle
6५
 THA
4'hakur-secd, H. (S. सेवा, service) lit., The service of an
idol, applied to a grant of revenue for maintaining the
worship of an idol.
THAKUR, Thug. The loud cry of the large owl.
THAL, THUL, H. &c. (Uं, यल, from the S. स्यल) Firm
ground, place, Spot, site, a Sand-hill, a Sand-bank, the sandy
tract interposed between the west of Rajputana and the
Indus ः in Marathi, the share (of the lessor or lessee) in
the produce of a field ; also, a portion of land consisting
of several fields ; also, inspection and estimate of the crop
at harvest : with the peculiar l, THAL (यळ), the word
has the general import of place, Spot, in a restricted Sense :
it also means a sugar-cane plantation.
Thalbarit, Thalbureet, Mar. (?) Customs levied on articles
despatched from the village or town in which they are
produced.
Thalkar{, Mar. (यलकर्णी) A landed proprietor, the owner
of the land, whether he cultiwate or let it ; the reverse of
the Upari, or tenant cultivator.
Thaljhdrd, Mar. (यलभ्क्रीडा) The record of the fields belong
ing to a willage.
Thalmod, Mar. (यलमोड) Customs levied on articles brought
into a town or village for Sale.
Thalin'ttil', also written Thaliodhik, Mar. (यलवाद्दैक, `यलवा
हिक) A landed proprietor, the owner of a piece of land.
Thaliodik,Mar.(यळवाडैक) The possessor of sugar plantations.
THAL, Tibet. Tax, duty.-Kamaon.
THALA, (?) H. A sort of soil, the same, in some parts of the
north-west provinces, as Bhtir, ५. v.
THALyAT, Beng. (वनाोथ्, from श्वनी, a bag) A receiver of
stolen goods.
THAMDI, (?) Tel, The name of an agricultural and proprie
tary caste in the Ni2am's country.
THAM UKADU, (?) A proclamation, a public notice.-Kum
bakonam.
THAM UNI, Thug. Bribery.
THAN, H. ७५#, S. स्यान) A piece of cloth, or of coin, as,
el-thdn-ashrafi, a gold mohar.
THANA, or THANAH, corruptly, TANNAH, H. &c. (७७ं, Ad' ं,
घाना, from S. स्यान, a place), THANE, Mar. (ठाणे) A sta
tion, a military post, a police-station : under the native
governments it was a military post or garrison, a place,
sometimes with a small fort, where a petty officer, with a
small irregular force, was posted to protect the country,
preserve the peace, and to aid in making the collections :
518
THA
under the present system it properly applies, in Bengal,
to the police jurisdictions into which the Zilas were
divided, each Thdina averaging about twenty miles sduare,
under a ddrogha and establishment : in the Upper Pro
winces the site of a Thdnd is regulated by considerations
of area and population, and generally corresponds with the
divisions of a Pargama (Ben. Reg. l702, No. xlix., and
Reg. xxii. I798) : its common use denotes any police
station, whether under a ddrogha or a subordinate officer;
also, a willage or station assigned to invalid Sipahis. Ben.
Reg. xliii. 1798. Tel. Th(ind, (C`छ्') The head station
of a district.
Thanddar, H. &c. ()lo७५), 4'hdneddr, Mar. and Gu2. (ढाणे-’
दार) An officer in charge of a Thdnd, formerly, an officer
under the Faujdār, employed, with a Small irregular force,
in protecting the country and enforcing payment of the
revenue : a petty police-officer Subordinate to a ddrogha.
Ben. Reg. vii. 1799 ; xxwiii. I808.
। Thandddrं, H. (-9'e, having) The office or jurisdiction of
a Thdndddr.
Thdnaddrā-abngdb, H. (--';), ५. v.) A cess for the purpose
of paying the establishment of the Thandddr.
Thanajat, or Thinahat, H. (५--'*५j, ५--' ं' ं, plur. of
Aduं) Police-stations t a cess for defraying the expense of
their establishment.
THANA, Tibet. A grain measure, a skin = egual 60 kalis.
Kamaon.
THANf, H. (G'ं) Stationary, resident : a permanent culti
vator, a proprietor.
Thdni-malangi, Uriya (थ|११Rं) A Salt manufacturer
working at his own willage.
Thdni-rd/et, Uriya (थ|१6२lsa६) A resident cultivator, one
who has a proprietary interest in the soil.
THANDA, Hindi (ढंडा) Lit, Cool, coldः free from weeds, soil.
THANG, H. (e-34ं) A den of thiewes.
Thdngi, or Thangiddr, H. (.*५#, )leeं' ँ) A receiver
of stolen goods.
Thangidari, H. (.9'A4$५) Receiving stolen goods.
THANKHANJA, Uriya (थ|१४ं) A detailed list or muster
roll of the Malangis or other workmen.
THAP, or THAPA,Thug- Place ofencampment where the gang
pass the night, usually outside the willage ः hence, also, a
river, the banks being a freguent halting-place.
THAPA, H. (५५ ँ, `यापा) Gleanings, corn left on the field after
harwest. -
 THA
..
THAPA, H. (५#, ठपा) A stamp, a die.
Thapati, Mar. (यापटी) A cake of dried cow-dung : a stamp
or mark set by authority upon an article, prohibiting its
being used or removed : the prohibition so indicated.
THAPRA, Mar. (ठपका) A stigma, a slur, imputation of crime.
THAPTIA, Thug. A potter.
THARAo, H. Mar. ७) ँ , ठणाव) Settlement, determination, fix
ing or determining.
Tharao-band, Mar. (ठराववंद) A paper of instructions fur
nished to a mative rewenue officer on his going to take |
charge of a district : a document specifying the terms of a
settlement or decree, or conveying instructions for their
being carried into effect.
4"harao-berāj, corruptly, Tharon’-beriं, (ठरावषेरीज) Fixed
rent or rate of assessment.
THARU, (?) H. The designation of the people occupying wil
lages in the Tardi on the borders of Rohilkhand.
THAT, (?) H. Property in the soil derived from royal grant,
immemorial occupation, or purchase.-Kamaon.
Thatiodn, (?) H. A proprietor of the soil.-Ibid.
THATHA, (?) H. Channel for carrying off surplus rain
water.
THATHERA, H. 9* ँ, ठठेरा) A braZier, a worker in tin and
copper.
THATTHAR, (?) H. An account kept in the upper parts of
Bengal,shewing, under each name, the guantity ofland held,
the amount of revenue payable, and charges, payments, re
missions, and balances.
THATTi, Mar. (यट्टी) The cattle department, the public esta
blishment of draft bullocks, their drivers and attendants.
THER, H. (७-५ā,ठेक) A poftable granaryः a dispute, dis
puted lands or boundaries.
THEKI, corruptly,THECKEE, (?) Mar, A land measure in use
in some parts of the Dakhin, of an indefinite value; it may
be one or twenty btjhdis.
THERwJ, (?) H. A lot or parcel of land in a coparcenary wil
lage, divided into 87 such shares, assessed severally.
IDehli.
THENGA, Thug. A sword.
THENGA, Uriya (G०9f) Rising ground.
Tr EP, Mar. (ढेप) Limit, boundary, an appointed or assigned
term or time.
THEv, or THEO, THEvA, THEvANi, Mar. (ठव, देवा, देवणी)
A hoard or hidden treasure, a deposit ; also 4'h6caigi.
THEvANATI, corruptly, TEwANTEE, Karn, IDeposit of money
519
THI
as Security, especially by contractors or renters of taxes,
instead of personal surety : putting money in a treasury
or bank : advance of cash.
THIBAO, Thug. An omen on the right hand.
THf K, THEEK, H. &c. (494ं, ठीक) Exact, exactness, sum.
Thila, corruptly, Ticca, Tucha, Teecha, H. &c. (४ं, ठीका)
Hire, fare, fixed price, contract for work ; a farm of revenue,
a contract by which a person engages to pay a fixed amount
of revenue on an estate or district, on being allowed to
collect the revenue payable to the proprietor or the state;
a farm of cultivation, a lease, the contractor Paying a money
rent for the lands he cultivates : a farm of salt works, pay
ing either in money or a given return of salt ः the revenue
accruing from such leases or farms : also a mortgage in
which the person who advances money on landed Security
occupies the land, and sets off the produce against the
amount of interest.
?"hil40andi, corruptly, Teelabundee, H.&c. (.sai.४ं) A।
settlement by farm or contract, a farm or lease, the farm
held on lease : in the Dakhin, a stipulated rent on each
field, without reference to its extent.
?'hila-bhet, H. (५-४a४4ā) Extra imposts, personal service,
presents or gratuities of money.-Kamaon.
4'hika-ddr, corruptly, Tecchadar, Tackadar, H. &c. (P.
9le, who has) A farmer, a leaseholder, a middleman, one
who receives the rents from the cultivators and pays a sti
pulated amount to the proprietor : one who farms a licence
for the sale of spirituous liguors, or the like.
4"hik6-otbandi, Beng. (७छेदन्नी, ५. v.) IAease of land at a
low or estimated rate.
4"hila-pattd, gorruptly, 1'eekapottall, Tikaputtall, Tucha
pottah, H. 'ं , पट्टा, ५. v.) A document conveying a lease
or farm.
2Thik4-peshgf, H. (P. ७***ं) Lease or farm of which the
rent is paid in advance.
THIKAN, THIKANA, corruptly, TIKAN, Mar. (ठिकाण, ठिकाणा)
A residence : a definite spot or plot of land belonging to
a given individual.
THIKANA, H. (७४ं, ठिकाना) Determining, concluding, cer
tainty ; boundary, limit ; residence, place of dwelling or
abiding.
THf KAR, or THiKRA, H. 9ं## , from !,*4ं,a potsherd) The
duty of keeping the village watch, taken in succession by
the willagers in the Rohtak district ः the order is determined
by lot, the names being inscribed on bits of broken pots
 THI
or tiles, and put into a vessel, from which they are drawn
daily to the extent reguired, by the Patmudr{.
THIKE, incorrectly, TIKA, Mar. (ठिके) A parcel or lot of
ground.
Thikebandi, Mar. (टिकेबंदी) Assessment of a field or piece
of ground.
2Thikendr, Mar. (ठिकेवाग्) By lots or parcels, assessments.
THIKf, Mar. (ठिकी) A stack, a rick (restricted to corn) ः a
Guantity of amy kind of grain piled up in store.
THoB, (?) H. Revenue payments suspended.
THOK, incorrectly, THOKE, and ToKE, H. (५-';#, `योक)
share, a portion, a secondary or inferior Share of the lands
of a coparcenary willage : authorities differ as to its relative
value, and it probably waries in different places: according
to some it is smaller than a Patt{, which contains, it is
said, a variable number of Thols, and each Thol a warying
number of IBehris.- East-India Selection, iii. 167 ः on
the other hand the directions for settlement officers makes
the Thok the larger division of the willage lands, some
times containing a number of Pattis ; again, a Thok is
sometimes said to denote a class of willages ; and at others
to be the same as the Patti ः in Kamaon, it is defined
the local division of a village specified in the measurement
books.
Thok-bandi, H. (P. ८.४AG५ , a binding) A written engage
ment Specifying the distribution of the shares of a copar
cenary willage.
Thok-bast, H. (P. ५-२५, bound) A classification of Pattis
or other subdivisions of a willage into Thoks.
Thok-d4r, H. (P. ०le, who has) The holder of a Thoh, or
sometimes the principal of the holders amongst whom the
lands or fields of a Thol: may be shared, and their repre
sentative in settling and realiZing the assessment: the Thok
ddr and Pattiddr are sometimes confounded in this ca
pacity of Lumberdar or Mālgu2ār or payer of the rewenue ः
the term sometimes, also, is said to imply a wholesale
dealer : in Kamaon, the Thokddr is a ministerial officer,
usually by inheritance, confirmed, or sometimes appointed
by the ruling authority to exercise a general superinten
dence over the willagers, and to conduct police and purvey
ance duties in a varying number of villages, of one or more
of which he is ordinarily, though not necessarily, the Pa
dhdn (५. w.).
Thoh-dfr{, H. (P. `9'e. having) Property, office, or duty
of a Thokddr.
520
TIA _
Thok-ddrā-pattd, H. (from ऐं. , a lease or grant) The official
title-deed given to the Tholtddr in Kamaon by the govern
ment, specifying the villages under his authority, and the
fees he is entitled to.
Hak-, or Dastttr-Tholddrं, H. (from A. J5-, right, or
2*•9x custom) Fees payable to the Tholiddr by the other
Padhans.-Kamaon. .
Thok-patti, H. (from ५* a share) A division of a Tho/
into Pattās, with the rate of assessment on each : a share
record, or register.
A THoK, Mar. (ठोक) Lump, mass, whole : , in or by the lump.
4"hoktal4, Mar. (ठीकताळठा) A rough estimate or valuation,
a valuation in the gross or lump.
Thokebandi, Mar. (ठीकेर्बदी) Assessment or agreement by
the lump.
THoKA, Mar. (ठोका) Letting out fields for a portion of the
produce.
THOKA, (?) H. A point where three or more boundary lines
meet.-North-west Prowinces.
THOKA, or TOKA, (?) Beng. (perhaps from ८थॊहि, a lot, a
heap) A term applied to documents shewing a title to a
certain amount of land (?).
THOKI, Thug- Ejection of saliva by the leader, a hint to sus
pend operations.
THOLA, corruptly, ToLEH, (?) H. A secondary subdivision of
willage lands : in the Delhi district, a variable fractional
part of a Pana or Pan, and itself divisible into smaller
portions.
Tholaddir, H. (P. )le, who has) The holder or occupant of
a Thola.
THOLA, Thug. A police-station or guard.
THORA, (?) Mal. The unit of land measure ः in Malabar the
breadth of the seed of a Hecam, which is said to be a
species of opium or aniseed ; (but ? if it is not the S.
?/aram, or barleycorn)ः it is called th of a peral, or l!th
of an inch (Walker, Report on Malabar; but according to
Bailey, Mal. Dict., there is no word in Malayalam begin
ning with th).
THU, (?) Tibet. A cloth measure, a cubit.
THUMBA, H. (५d9ं, पूबt) A lump of earth put on the loose
end of the lever used for raising water from wells to ba
lance the bucket suspended to the end that is ower the well.
THUNI, THooNI, (?) Mal. A weight of grain or dry measure
= 80,400 grains of rice: (see remark on Thora).
T-ANE, Hindi (टीसाने) A charge of a small per centage on
 TfD
the revenue, made by the proprietor to Ryots cultivating
on Jot.jarib; tenure.
TiDAL, Tam. (ंठी-6) High ground surrounded by water or
rice fields.
TIDAR, Tam. (ंठी-घै) A low hill or rising ground : an open
barren space.
Tidar-paraiyar,Tam. (LcoxpDLLºr) The Paraiya or Pariah
slaves, who do not reside in the suburb set apart for them,
but are scattered ower the barrem spots of the village lands ः
in deeds conveying Mirds; right this phrase is inserted to
imply conveyance of a right to a participation in the labour
of all the agrestic slaves of the willage, in proportion to
the share of proprietary right conveyed to the land.
TiGALARA-JArr, Karn. (टै%ंश्छब्)3) A class of people of
Karnata, speaking a corrupt Kanarese, cultivating land and
dealing in greengrocery, lime, &c.
TIGHANI, Thug. The eye.
TrHAi, Uriya (६६॥२) Collection of rent thrice a year (S. fच।
and इायन', a year).
TiHAIAT, H. (c“-५५.G) An aggregate or assemblage of three:
a court of arbitration of three or more persons: a third
person, am umpire.
TIHOTRA, Mar. (fतहोत्रा) Interest at the rate of three per cent.
per mmensem.
Ti.J, H. (G , तीजं, S. तृतीया) The third day ofalunar fortnight.
Z'ija, H. (sं) The third day after a Mohammadan's decease,
when offerings are made : the offerings made on the
occasion.
TiKA, H. &c. (KG, टीका, S. fतलक) A round painted spot,
or a patch of gold or metal placed on the centre of the
forehead as an ornament, a sectarial distinction, or a mark
of high rank ः conferring the tākdः upon a subordinate or
feudatory chiefis the privilege and indication of supremacy :
it is exercised especially by Rajput princes, as by the Rana
of Udayapur, and Raja of Jaypur ; also by the hill chiefS,
as the Raja of Bildspur : some chiefs retain the privilege
from their ancestral dignity rather than any political pre
eminence, as the Raja of IBaddrgar, near Agra.
TrKALA, Thug. Any suspicious article taken from a victim
which it is dangerous to have about the person as likely
to lead to detection.
TikAR, H. &c. 9ं , टीकर) High lands of indiferent guality.
TIRAR, Hindi (S. fतकाग्) Three ploughings.
Tf KARf, Hindi (टीकरी) A small field of inferior land.-South
west Prowinces.
521
Tºfp
Tr KARf, or Tr KRf, H. (.9ं, fद्रकर्णी) Soil which is irreten
tive of moisture, and that soon dries.
TIKARIBASTf, Beng. (fछेद्विविजडि, from fछेदश्व , rounded) A
site fit for a village or a dwelling, being raised above the
imundations.
TIKKA, (?) Mar. (perhaps an error for THf KA) A division
of a district : a village named Separately, and particulariZed
by its contents in bighds, portions held by proprietors or
unoccupied, cultivated and waste lands, rate of assessment
per bigha, total assessment and description of cultivators.
Tf KURHA, Uriya (olgg' l) A division of produce into three
parts, two of which go to the cultivating occupant and one
to the landlord or proprietor.
Trn, corruptly, TREL, H. &c. (S. UG; fतल) The seed of the
Sesamum, extensively used in the making of oil, and as an
ingredient in offerings to idols : the term is also applied
in Bengal to a small division of land measure, one-twelfth
of a kr4nt, or, in account, to one-eightieth of a kauri ः
see Tel.
Tf L, Thug. A person found watching the gang.
| TiLA, Tit.HA, H. &c. ()' ं, ५५ं, टीला, टीच्ह) A low hill,
a rising ground.
TrLAKA, vernacularly, TILA K, S. &c. (तिलक, ५4-9G) A co
loured spot on the forehead worn as an ornament, a sec
tarial mark, or mark of distinction : see 4'ikd : it occurs
also in Mar. Til4, Tilah, (टिला, टिलक), as well as Tila/
(fतलक), and designates any coloured sectarial spots or lines
on the face or person. In some places, as in Bahār, the
term is applied to certain presents or dues in money or
goods at the time of a betrothal made to the intended bride
groom by the father of the bride.
TIMAsHi, H. A silver coin of the walue of two to three amas.
-Kamaon.
TINGOTI, (?) Mar. A tax on the sale of cattle in some parts
of the Maratha territories.
TINNA, TIN M UA, Thug. A boy.
TrNNAL-PANAM, Mal. (ळीaऽ30००-lo००, from (्रीव्ठ30०, a
month) General monthly levy of contributions from all
classes by the Rajas of Malabar.
Tipgalhhoppa, Mal.(क)०ठ39०6)८869g–!) Monthly provisions
for a temple or wictualling house.
Tf P, H. &c. (C~' ं, टीप) A note of hand, a promissory note
or bill, a bond, a chegue ; besides these meanings, which
are common to all the dialects, it has Special applications
in some, as in Mar. (टीप), taking a list of the number of
0 R
 TiP
houses, trees, cattle, &c., preparatory to a tax upon them.
Gus. (४t५), A list, an inventory, a catalogue, a roll or
register. Tipu, Tel. (&$30) A grant or assignment of
revenue to a capitalist who has advanced money to the go
wernment.
Tipha)’, Tip-, or Tipnis, Mar. (टीपकार, टिप- टीपनीश) The
officer who numbers the houses, &c., of a village, in order
to tax them.
?'ip4-moharir, Uriya (81als१॥६69) A clerk who notes
the amount of the weighment of salt at the salt-office.
Tipam, Mar. (fटपण) A note, a memorandum : also a memo
randum paper.
TiP, Thug. A fire kindled for evil purposes.
TIPARf, Gu2. (४.५२ं\, ४ ५:t) Agrain measure= half a ser.
TIPPARi, Mal. (mg–।५?) A grain measure, the same as a
?adla, or one-fourth of an J9dangali, ५. v.
Tin, H. (P.AG) An arrow.
1'irharamdr, (?) Mar. A low caste, formerly extant, whose
occupation was making arrows.
Ti RA, vernacularly, Ti R, S. &c. 9:G, तीरं) A bank, the bank
of a river, a shore, a belt of sand along a river’s bank,
sometimes admitting of a Scamty cultivation, alluvial soil
along a river.
Tir, or Tirmadhya, Beng. (जैीह, जैीद्भभथग्) The space or
land included within Iā0 cubits beyond the highest reach
of the inundations of a river on the l4th of the moon's
wane in Bhadra (Aug.-Sept).
'Ti RA, commonly Ti R, TEER, Mal. (d)(o) A written receipt
or acknowledgment : a deed of assignment of land for
value received.
7'1rmma, Mal. (्रौc2) JDischarge, ucduittal, settlement.
Tirmmuri, corruptly, Teermoorie, Mal. (d)ca.G) A writ
ten receipt.
Ti BA, Mal. ((्री०) Tribute, tax.
TIRAiT, TIRHAfT, corruptly, TIRAwUT,Mal.(fतराद्दैत , तिन्हाद्दैत)
Am umpire, an arbitrator, any third person, a stranger, a
pamcludyat collectively.
TIRANAISUVAR, Tam. (ंठीDr&टठाe6- घै) Parapet wall of a
sluice.
TIRDHAL, Mar. (तिरधल) A third of the produce of a field,
especially as payable by the occupant temant to the landlord.
Tirdhali, Mar. (तिरधली) A cultivatºng tenant who pays a
third of the produce of his fields to the proprietor.
Ti RGt !, Mar. (तीरगूळ्) A particulartribe of Brahmans, or
an individual of it, whose occupation is cultivating the
छ22
TfR
Piper betel ः the mame of a low caste, formerly extant,
employed in making arrows.
TIRHIA, Thug. A bag or knapsack.
Ti RIJ, or Ti RAJ, corruptly, Ti RJ, TURJ, TAREJE, TARJ.J,
TAREEJ, TERI pGE, TEv RIJ, H. &c. (Frं , तीरज), TERfJU,
Tel., Karn. ( 96a9*), TERfJ, Mar.(तेरीज) An abstract
account completed from other detailed accounts t an item
in a number of items to be added together, a paper or list
of items to be added together.
Tirij asdmāmudr, H. 9'}.४०५“', according to cultivators)
One of the willage accounts under the former system, and
recognised in the settlement of the north-west provinces as
one of the documents constituting the settlement J/isl : it
is the abstract of the Khateom? Asttmirrdr, Specifying the
number of each Thok or subdivision of the willage lands,
the mame of its occupant, the number of bijhds occupied,
without particularising the fields, and the amount assessed
upon the whole land.-Directions for settlement officers,
App. xi,
1'irij-goshmudrajinsmudr-asdmin'dir, H. (see Goshmrdira, &c.)
A tabular abstract statement of each kind of produce (jins)
of the fields of a village, with the name of the occupant.
Tirijःjinsiudr-asdmingdir, H. (A. U~*+} genus, thing) A
| specification of the fields in the occupation of each person
cultivating on his own account.
Tirijःjamabamdi, H. (.*५-*-, rent-roll) Account, par
ticulars of the annual revenue and charges of an estate.
Tirij-jam6-kharch, H. (A. e**-x income, रुः;*-, expense)
A summary account of the receipts and disbursements of
a village, made up at the end of the year.
TIRKIA, Thug- A goldsmith.
Ti IRPPU, Tam. (ंठंघै' ं, L-), Tel. (ं), Tf RPPA, Mal. (ºgं)
A decree, an award, a decision : an agreement, a settle
ment, a final arrangement.
Ti RTHA, vernacularly, TinTH, and Ti RATH, S. &c. (तौधै) A
holy place, especially one that derives its sanctity from the
confluence of two rivers held sacred, as the Ganges and
Jamna, also various places along the banks of rivers
esteemed holy, and, more laxly, any holy place or place of
pilgrimage : water brought from a sacred stream, or that
has been consecrated by pouring over an idol ः also, fig.,
any wenerable person, as a father or a spiritual preceptor :
in the south of India it is also applied to a hereditary
office in a temple.
Tirthakara, S. (तीर्थैकार) A holy personage, one privileged
 TIR
to drink the sacred water and partake of the food that has
been offered to idols : Tirthakdra, or Tirthaghara, is also
the generic title of the persons held sacred by the Jains.
TIRU, Tam. (ंठी(C)), Mal. (Gºl(CB), Karn. (8ॐ७) A word
used chiefly as a prefix in the sense of the Sanscrit Sr:,
implying auspicious, vemerable, Sacred, and the like ; it
enters into the names of many places in the South of India,
corrupted by English mispronunciation to Tri, as Trica
toor, for Tira-patair ; Tripetty, for Tiru-pati, &c.
Tiruka, Karn. (8&७ ं) A mendicant, a beggar, a vagrant.
Tirukkulam,Tam. (ंठी(Cग्;कैड्ठ6rria) A tank with stone steps.
Tirumam, Tam.(ंठी(CLa०र्ष्टा) Tirumami, Karn. (ठैॐ७ँoं२)
Sacred earth, a kind of white clay with which the Waish
navas especially draw perpendicular lines on their foreheads
or on other parts of the face or body ; the marks or streaks
so made.
Tirumal-kdrya, Mal. (m(ं8a७०-66)g)) A complementary
present to superiors on visiting them : an annual acknow
ledgment paid to the prince for a grant of rent-free land.
Tira८ndl, Tam. (ंठी(C;pyrr6्र) A holy day, a festival.
Tirupani, Tam. ( वृत्री(Cytat-loटof) A fund for the repairs
of temples, created by a trifling deduction from each heap
of grain at the time of harvest.
Tirupati, corruptly,Tripeta/, Tam. (ंठी(GJ-!ंठी) A temple
dedicated to some form of Wishnu, and hence the name of
a town famous for the temples dedicated to various per
sonations of Wishnu.
Tirupe, Karn. (ठैॐ०ई०) Alms: begging.
Tirucana, Mal. (Ol(C१o-l26”०) An oath, swearing ः a cita
tion on the part of the Rāja, or any public functionary.
Tiruodsal, Tam. (ंठी(C)614rT erāt) The gateway of a
temple : a building for the accommodation of travellers.
TrRU KA, Mar. (fतरूका) A piece of money, the fourth of an ana.
TIRUMALA, Karn. (?ं9ं99) A name common to Stidras.
TIRUMURU, Karn. (3Go ँooco) Exchamge.
Ti RUvA, Tel. (ढै&७:ॐ) Duty, customs.
Ti RUwE, Karm. (&&cā) Settlement, adjustment, of duties
and the like.
Ti RwAI, or Ti RwAI, corruptly, TEERvA,TEERwA, TEERwAH,
Tam. (ंठं ट्रैr०ठ-6-1, probably from the S. sthira (ख्यिप्), what
is fixed or determined), TinvA, Mal, (d)da) Tax, duty,
custom, a cess or impost, a money assessment of revenue
on land, or on its produce ; rate of assessment according
to the duality of land : money-rent : also a decision, a
Sentence.
523
TOD
Tirrai-dittam,Tam. (ंठंघै&ु6.4ंठीt2.L-th)Rate ofassessment.
Tirpai.jdist{, (?) Tam. An additional assessment on inferior
land when made to produce crops, usually limited to land
of superior guality, as garden crops, or those raised from
wet or irrigated land.
Tirpaipat, or Tircaipattu, corruptly, Teercapett, also with
। JNilam,land, added,Tircaipattanilam, Tam. (ंठंघै&ु6- t4
'--G), छैद्यैcº-6-LLLL-plecta) Land paying a fixed
money assessInent.
TinvE, TinviKE, Karn. (टै९ेहा, 9९२हर्षॆ) Settlement, ad
justment. See Tiruce.
Tf Rv ILA, Mal. ((ेीol1lea) A bargain.
Tircilayola, Mal. (d)oneA०copea) A bill of sale.
TISALA, Mar. (fतसाला, from S. fच, three, and A. J~; a
year) Of or for three successive years, as an account, &c.
TISwANSf, H. (L*';“ं) A smaller division of a bighd, the
twentieth of a bismcdnsi.
TITTA, Mal. ((ळ'ls) A shoal, a bank, an island of alluwial
formation, or one from which the water has recently retired.
TiwU, (ढै७) Money deposited as Security.
TiwARf, Hindi (तिवारी, corruption of Triuddi) The name of
a caste or tribe of Brahmans, originally men learmed in
the three Wedas, but now agriculturists, Soldiers, and cudgel
players or boxers,
TryAN, plur. TrvAR, Mal. (C)९)rt) A caste, or a member
of it, in Malabar, whose occupations are agriculture and
tdrā-drawing ः they are numerous, and enjoy some consi
deration.
Tiyatti, Mal. (ळीg|ठंी) A woman of the Ti/am caste: they
are distinguished by wearing no covering above the waist.
TopA, or Top:A, Mar. (तोड), Gu2. (दus, दtu२) Compromise,
composition, adjustment, settlement of conflicting claims.
Todagr4ं, or Toragrds, Gu2. (etusot२.u*t, दtt२.२\२.२t)
Cash composition levied by the Grasiyas from willages in
lieu of other claims, or of plunder.
ToDA,ToDAwAR, written alsoToDAR,THODA,THODAwUR,(?)
The name ofa pastoral people inhabiting the Wilgiri moun
taims, and claiming to be the original occupants and pro
prietors of the whole of theshilly country.
TopAl, Tam. (GंठrT&P-) Aterm in the Ceylon pearl-fisheryः
a dive, that is, the produce of a diving, two of which are
given daily to the owner of the boat.
TopAR,Tam. (Gंठrrt-घै) A chain, a fetter: pursuit,lit. or fig.
7'odarmuri, Tam. (GंठT-प्रै७०p) A deed or promise in
writing not to pursue a person further at law.
 TOD
TopU, Tam. (3ंठrr$) A garden, ground fit for rice culti
vation. See Tottam.
TopUPPU, Tam. (०्ठTrGult-D Implements of ploughing,
plough gear.
TODUwAI.AKKU, Tam. (GंठT$6ugaकैड्ठ) A continuous
Guarrel or law.suit.
ToGRI, Thug. A turban.
ToKA, Mar. (टोका) A sort of weevil infesting grain ः rice in
the husk, paddy.
ToKA, (?) Beng. A receipt.-Sylhet.
ToKA-PATTA, Hindi (ढ़ोकापट्टा) A permanent patta or lease.
Puraniya.
ToKKAst, Tam. (०्ठrTर्कैetb) A law-suit.
TOKRA, ToKRf, corruptly, ToGHRA, H. &c. ()%, -9*;) A Tolildli manyam, Tam. (०grrgी6orrerfuorreणीuं)
basket, large or small : in the Dakhin Tokrd also means
a sort of ferry-boat, or one made of basket-work, cowered
with leather : in Puraniya it is said to mean also extir | Tor..tK, Tel. (G४ं)
pated weeds.
TOL, TOLA, H. &c. (J*, तोल) Weight, weighing, a weight.
Tola, H. &c. ();, तोला) A certain weight, especially of
silver, containing, under the old want of system, a warying
number of M4shas, but usually regarded as eguivalent to
the weight of the Sikka rupee, or l79.666 troy grains.
By Beng. Reg. wii. I88B, the weight of the Tola, taken as
the unit of the new system of weights, was fixed at I80
troy grains ; the scale is, 4 JDhdns = I Itat; ; 8 Itatis
= l Maisha ; l2 Maishas =1 Tol6; 5 Tol48 = I Chitdnk;
16Chitdimks = I Ser ; 40 Sers = I IMam or IIMaumd, which
is thus exactly edual to I00 troy pounds.
Toldi/l4}', H. (P.9le , who has) A weighman, one who weighs
coims or goods in a market.
Tolah, (?) Beng. A money payment or fee for goods, for
merly paid by the retailers of wares in the Calcutta markets
to the government.
To I, Tam. (3ंठrrd), Mal. (6)(op(ob) Skin, bark, leather.
Tol-kollam, Mal. (6)(mpob6ab9g Grt) A worker in leather
or skins, a currier, a shoemaker.
Tij{{nnumar, Tam. (Ggrां)plठैीयाद्यै, plur) Workers in
leather and skins, shoemakers, curriers.
Tol, IBeng. (८छॆोल) A School, a college, an establishment for
instruction, especially in Sanskrit and some branch of
Sanskrit learning, as grammar, law, logic, &c., kept by
a 7'andit or Brahman teacher, at which lodging and in
struction are gratuitously provided for the students by the
teacher, the former gaining their subsistince by alms from
छे24
TON।
the neighbouring shopkeepers, the latter deriving his com
pensation from the repute he enjoys and presents made to
him at Hindu festivals by opulent Zamindārs.
ToLA, ToLi, Beng. (८छैोनी, ८ळैiलि) The suburb of a town
or willage, the part of a town by persons of any par
ticular occupation, as Kas(ti-tola, butchers’ town : a sup
plementary hamlet, or huts outlying from the chief village :
it is said to mean also uncultivated ground.
ToLIL, Tam. (Gंठrrgीर्ट) Work, occupation, business.
Tolilalan, Tam. (GgrrgheorrºrTठैी) A workunan, an
artisan, a labourer.
Tolutam, Tam. (Gंठrr७g6uं') A workman, an artisan, a
cultivator, a husbandman.
Rent-free land assigned to the willage servants in reguitalof
their labour.
Asort of hoe.
TOLU KARI, Tel. (छेTeoso) The first rainy season.
Top.UMBU, Tam. (०्ठांgtat-्) Slavery.
Tolumbam, Tam. (०्ठrा !gtat-lॐा) A slave.
Toluttai, Tam. (Gंठ ITC!9 छै०ुंठ) A female slave, a dancing
girl.
T0M, Thug. Any peculiarly valuable article of booty, such as
may be set apurt to be presented to the patron of the gang.
ToMNf, Mar. (टोमणी) lit., A very small dish : fig. a small
grant of land to the willage Mahdr.
ToNA, H. &c. (५ु, टीना) Witchcraft, magic. Thug. A trick,
a deception.
ToNDAr MANDALAM,sometimes readToNDU MANpALAst,Tam.
(०:ठT०dरैणco०-La०्रा-6oth,from S.मण्डलं,a tract,a coun
try) An ancient division of the Peninsula comprehending
the modern districts of north and south Arcot and Chinglipat.
Mr. Ellis supposes it to have derived its appellation from
Tondandn, a prince so named, who conguered the country
probably before the era of Christianity, and granted peculiar
privileges to the first settlers: Tondamain meaning,properly,
a chief a lord, in general; became, latterly, the designation
of a petty chief in the vicinity of Trichinapali, whose coun
try is known to early English writers as Tondiman's land.
ToNDIvARAM, Tam. (Gंठrrं,ंठी6urTDrib) The share of the
cultivators in the division of the crop ः (perhaps an error
for Tumducdram, ५. w.).
Tospu,Torru,Tam.(3ंठrrठंौठाG, ०grrछै ८)A slave,slawer)
ToNGAR, Thug. A Marittha.
Toxi, vulgarly, IDHoNEy, Mal. (6)(op6rr?) A long boat or
 TON।
coasting sloop : also applied to a smaller vessel used for
crossing rivers : a ferry-boat.
TONKAL, Thug. A party of travellers too strong to be attacked.
T0-o, incorrectly, Towo, GuZ. (2u२ºtu) A person stationed
to watch the crop and scare the birds.
ToP, H.&c.(Turk. ५-';) A gun, a cannon, a piece of ordnance.
Topchi, H. (T. U***) A conductor of ordmance, an artillery
officer.
Tophh4na, H. (T. 4d'5-५-';) An arsenal, an artillery park,
a foundry for cannon, a place where military stores are kept
ToPi, H. &c. (Cं”, ? from Port. Topo), ToPi, TU PI, Beng.
(८āiश्रिं , श्रि), TOPPI, Mal. (6)(opg-il) A hat, a cap, a
skull-cap.
Topas, (Port. Topa’, perhaps from the H. Topi, a hat) A
native Christian sprung from a Portuguese father and Indian
mother in the south of India ः in the early history of the
Company these people were extensively enlisted as soldiers;
hence the term came to be applied to the Company's native
soldiery generally in the Peninsula ः it is now obsolete.
Topircdild, H. (";Uं;) A hat-wearer, a European.
Toppi-ltuda, Mal.'(6)(opg-ilegas) A hat-umbrella, a hat
with a projecting brim on the crown, worn by fishermen
and other castes in Malabar : the term seems to be of old,
and to precede the Portuguese.
ToPKA, Thug. Cloth of any kind.
ToPPALU, Karn. (G 9ं899) Tobacco.
TGPU, Tel., Karn. (9 ं), टै०९ं), Tam. (GंठITLL) A
grove of trees, properly of those that bear fruit, as mango,
tamarind, cocoa-nut, &c. ; commonly termed T'6p or 7'dipe :
in Tam. it is also extended to. woodlands ofevery descrip
tion (the term seems to have been introduced from the south
to Hindustan, where it is in common use, although not
found in Shakespear or Carey.
ToR, H. 9*, from 97 5, to break) Irrigation effected by break
ing down the ridges of water-courses, and letting the water
flood the garden or field.
ToRA, H. (!}ं) A purse, a bag of money, when sealed sup
posed to contain I000 rupees.
ToRANA, vernacularly, ToRAN, S. &c. (तोरण) An ornamental
doorway or arch, a temporary arch hung with drapery or
festoons of flowers and leaves.
Ton MI, Thug. A thief a robber, a Thug.
TORO, GuZ. (etu२u) A chief a man of rank and dignity.
TonTANKAR, Thug. Search after, or apprehension of Thugs.
Toi:U, Toituvu, Tam. (GंठT29, 3ंठT296-) Slavery.
छ2ंछे
TRI
T0SHA, H. (P. &-89्) Provisions, especially for a journey ; also
food carried at funerals as prowision for the deceased’s
journey to the next world : any article of curiosity or value
kept in store.
_
1'0shakhdna, H. &c. (P. &७-4.8;) A storeroom, a wardrobe:
chambers in which objects of curiosity or value, not in
daily reguest, are kept : less correctly Toshak-khdna.
TossA, (?) Tel, A cultivator, a Ryot.
TGrr, Karn. (डै ०९83) A tax.
7'6tiyakalu, Karn. (डै ०९&3०७०ठाळ%०) Taxed corn.
7'dtiyarohlaka, Karn. (G०९&3०७०3.०३३) Tax-money.
ToTTAM,Tam., Mal.(Gंठrrt- t-ta),TorA,Tel., Karn. (छैनाः&०)
Uriya (G६॥8l) A garden, an orchard.
7'ottakal, corruptly, Totacul, Totical, Tott/kal, Totycaul,
Tam. (Gंठrrt--फैट्Errं) Land appropriated to the cul
tivation of garden produce, as warious kinds of fruit, betel,
edible vegetables, and other articles of value, and therefore
Subject to a higher rag,of assessmeg५
Titacada, T6tida, Tel.(9 &०॰ण॰ॐ७,ं) &3 ॐS) A gardener,
a grower of garden produce.
7'ottamdniyam, Tel. (3ंठrrt--LarTCoीu-da) A garden, or
garden ground, free of assessment.
T6rTI, Tam. (GंठTLL१-) TUTI, and ToptGA, Karn. (डै'०९&3,
डै ०९&3x) A willage servant, a man of a low caste who
waits upon the villagers generally, discharges the offices of
police, is set to watch the crops, and assists in measuring
them, &c. ; he appears, however, to be different from the
menial domestic servant who bears the same name, or T%Agi,
and does the dirtiest work of the house.
ToTrrvAR, plur. Tam. (०्ठIT-!१-LL) People originally
from the north, settled in Coimbatur.
Toy wIL, Tam. (Gंठrrui-lu-hd) Cultivated moist land.
TRAGA, (?) The shedding of blood, either his own or of a
connexion, by a Bludt, in order to enforce the fulfilment
of an engagement for which he has pledged his personal
surety ; punishable by law. Bombay Reg. xiv. 1827.
TRETA, S. &c. (त्रेता) The second of the four ages.
TRETAGNI, S. &c. (चेताग्नि) The three sacred fires of the
Hindus.
TRIBHAGAMU, Tel. (डैें99, from S. चि, three, and भाग,
a share) A third of the annual crop payable to the go
wernment.
Tribhdjanau-mukhdsd,Tel.(ॐOO3xां०ञ्”`) A village held on
condition of paying a third of the crop to government.
TRIDANDi, S. &c. (त्रिदण्डी) A Saiva mendicant carrying three
0S
 TRI
slender staves (danda) as typical of his command over his
thoughts, words, and actions.
TRI KA, Tel. (S. &,s) A triangular frame or bar over the mouth
of a well, ower which the rope of the bucket travels : a
frame at the top or bottom of a well to support the sides.
TRIPUN !) RA, S. &c. (fचपुराट्ट) The three horiZontal lines made
on the forehead with ashes of burnt cowdung or Sandal
paste, &c., by the worshippers of Sica especially.
TRI wEDi, S. &c. (विवेदी) A Brahman who professes to have
read the three Wedas, or to have descended from such a
Brahman, whose title has thence become a family desig
nation.
TRIst I.A, S. &c., but usually, in the dialects, Tirsitl (चिशूल)
A trident, a three-pronged lance, the weapon peculiarly
of Sica.
TU DAGADANA, Karn. (डॆ७ॐxॐ,७)
Stray cattle.
TU( HRA, H. (A.],ंle) The imperial signature, the sign-manual
on a royal grant of revenue : the royal titles usually pre
fixed to a public document, written in an ornamental cha
racter also called Tughrd.
TU K, H. (S. (५-G, टुक) A little, a small piece, a fragment.
Mar. (तूक) A weight =2र्ष्ट mudshas.
TUKA, Mal. (g)ee) An amount, sum total.
TUKHM, H. &c. (P. **) Seed.
7'ahhm-re~{, H. (P. from ५-9?ु ? scattering) Sowing seed ;
an account of the seed sown kept by the willage accountant.
Tallim-sohht, H. (from P. ५-5-x५, burnt) Land in which
seed has been sown, but, from want of rain or other cause,
has not germinated.
7'ukum, Tel. (ं७s००) An advance of seed.
Tt Kr, Karn. (ंxऽप्&) A guess, a conjecture: abstract of the
contents of a letter.
Tihilchhliha, Karn. (ंशं) A guess account, a calcu
lation by the head.
TUKKApl, Tam. (GGeEta-) A district, a division.
Tt KKArtAN, Mal. (छ)ees)prorrt) A man who swings at the
swing festival ; see Charak: a hangman, an executioner ः a
weigher.
Tt KKi RI, Tam. (Chे,८ींी) A head watchman or overseer
of a willage.
T'ithhiri-nerai,Tam. (ंयTe:GीDPGuccठं Dr) The guantity of
corn given from the threshing-floor to the watchman.
Tt K RA, TU kRi, H. &c. (JKं, -9*ं । दूकरा -री, or टुकडा -डी)
A piece, a fragment : in Mysore, a troop of soldiers, a
division of an army.
526
TUL
?'ukridar, Dakh. (Gle.AAG) An officer commanding a de
tachment of the Mysore Silahdār horse.
TUL, Hindi (जुल) The breadth of a field.-Puraniya.
TULA, S. &c. (?5 तुला) A balance, a pair of scales, the sign
*
ुं
Libra, the month when the sun enters Libra, measure by *
weight t a various reading of Tol4, ५. v. ः in the south of
India, the balance-lever used for raising water.
7'ulabhdram, Mal. (geapr39(o०) An egual weight of gold
or other articles intended for distribution with the weight
of the donor.
1'uldddma, S. &c. (जुलादानं) Gift to Brahmans ofgold, silver,
rice, or other articles, egual in weight to the person of the
donor, who is weighed against them.
2Tulam, Mal. (g)e-A०) The month when the sun enters Libra,
Sept.-Oct.
Tulam, corruptly, Toolom, Tam., Mal. (E6orTtia, g)eap०)
A measure by weight of I00, or sometimes 200 palas=
l4ं or I90 ounces troy : the lever of the apparatus used
for drawing water.
Tulamu, Tel. (ॐ००ॐ००) The weight of one rupee, or thirty
JKantirdi fanams.
Tuldparthshd, S. &c. (पर्णीघवा , trial) Ordeal by the balance ;
the accused person having been accurately weighed in a
pair of scales, is removed, and, after the performance of cer
tain ceremonies, is again weighed ; if he is lighter than
he was at first he is innocent; if egual, or heavier, guilty :
he is also guilty if without obvious cause, any part of the
balance be damaged.
TULA, Tel, (ं99, from the A. J}e, length) The measured
length of a heap of grain, or the measurement round it:
the length of any thing.
Tularjulu, Tel.(ॐ०७"`ee”e9, from the A.J,le and C39* •
width) Measurement of the length and breadth of the heaps
of grain Prepared to be measured on the threshing-floor.
TULAsi, S. &e. (जुलसी) The Ocymum sanctum, or sacred
Basil, venerated by the Hindus as a type of Wishnu, said,
in modern legend, to have been a nymph beloved by him
in the character of Krishna ः it was used in the administra
tion of oaths to Hindus, a few leaves with some holy water
being held in the hollow of the hand of the deponent while
the oath was repeated, and afterwards swallowed by him.
TU LU, Mal., TU I,UvAM, Tam. (G७ग्)6Lia) The northern
most division of the Malayalam country, or, in more modern
times, the country of WiZiapur between Kanara and the
Konkan : the language of the province.
 TUM TUT

Tt MAR, H. (A. ),५९9e) A roll, a record, a register, an ac
count : also same as the next.
4"imdr.jamd, H. (A. e*+} total) The sum total of the land
revenue according to register : the recorded standard as
sessment of the land revenue of the prowinces of the Mogul
empire in the reign of Akbar, as settled by his minister,
Toral Mal, and subseduently revised at different periods
down to the time of the grant of the Diwani to the East
India Company.
T4m4r.jam4-nahdi, H. (A. Aं , ready money) The standard
assessment as settled in money.
Tt MARAM, Mal. (g)2fo०) A measure of timber, one-fourth
TURAw U, Tam. (GDr6भं) A large well, but one that is not
considered public property, and is specified in deeds of
transfer as belonging to an individual.
TURHADI, Karn. (?) A species of mortgage in Kanara in
which the mortgagee only receives a guantity of rice edual
in value to the interest due on his loan ः (the word is from
the छेth Rep., but is not found elsewhere, and there is pro
bably some blunder in the spelling).
TU RIRA, Karn. (3ऽ-veं) Winnowing.
Tirpdra-pattadam, Tel. (?) The act of winnowing grain.
TURUMBU, Tam. (C(ंग्रta-) A straw, a rush,’a straw given
to a wife as a token of divorce.

of a khandi, or l44 sguare inches. Turumbudan-ambdram, Tam. (See Ambdram) A heap of

TUMBAMARI, Mal. (g)CP-I2Gl) Certificate given by a pro corn not cleansed, not freed from the straw.
prietor to the holder of his land on lease or mortgage, that TURwATHEN, Mar. (जुरवेउं) A terraced and cultivated patch
he has sold his right to another, or one which the holder of ground on a hill side or rocky elevation.
gives to the owner, if he transfers his occupancy to another TUS, (?) The fundamental long measure in the Northern Sar
tenant. See Kemuka. kārs, varying from Iँ to 2ं inches.

TU MIA, H. (५-९;) Thread made of carded cotton. TUSAI, Mar. (जुसळ्) Chaff remaining in husked rice : rice
Tt M U,Tel. (ंऽंx०) A sluice, a flood-gate, a drain, a water with chaff remaining in it after cleaning.
course : a measure of capacity, a Titm or Toom, varying TUSAR, corruptly, TEESUR, ToosoRR, Mar. (?) Crops that
in value, but always the twentieth of a kltaadi. ripen after the rains are ower, or in the cold season, having
TUNpAst, or TUNDU, Tam., Mal. (Gl०र्रा-ta, G०ठ्ठाG) A been sown at the commencement of the rains ः the early
piece, a fragment, a piece cut of a little. crop, on the near ripening of which an estimate of the
Tund6yam, Tam. (Gl०ठ्ठा-rTu-ita) A gold.fanam. value was loosely made, and an egual portion of the re
Tumdirsal, Tam. (८)८ठंठा.3-टैrerT60) A small remittance, venue collected : (in general, Tushdir, or Tusdr, in Mar.,
one made freduently. as well as in S., means Dew, mist, thin rain ; but the fol
Tunduchitta, Tam. (ेळ]०र्य्ठाG८*--G) A small note. lowing confirms the meaningsgiven in the Selections,4.744).
Tandupilli, Tam. (G|०र्यCाGu1 Lfefr6र्ग) The estimate of the Tusdrpat{{, Mar. (जुसारपट्टी) The land-tax, of which pay
grain produce of a small part of the willage. ment was reduired from the cultivators immediately on the
Tundurdram, corruptly, Tondoomuarum, Tam. (ंकl८ठ्ठाG) appearance of the grain in the ear.
6_Jr_T Drtib) The share of the landlord from all lands cul TUSHA, S. &c., wernacularly, TUSH, (हुपं) Husk, chaff the in
tivated by temporary cultivators. tegument of rice or other grain.
Ttj P, Mar. (तूपं), TUPPA, Karn. (ं8) Ghee, or clarified Tushdjmi, Tushanala, S. &c. (from अग्निः, or अनल, fire)
butter ; a certain Guantity paid as a cess or fee by vendors Capital punishment by twisting straw round the limbs
of milk and butter. of a criminal and covering him with chaff and setting
Tijppatti, Mar. (तूपपट्टी) A tax on ghee, or a guantity set it on fire.

apart for the village officers. TUsi, pronounced TUSHf, Mal. (g०āl) The iron style
Tajpsisht, Mar. (तूपशिष्ट) A contribution to government, or used in writing : the fee paid to the writer who draws
to the willage functionaries, of a certain amount of ghee up the mortgage-deed ; also, in this sense, more correctly
from each village, or a money payment in lieu. 7'usā-kdmam.
TU PHANE, Karn. (COणळत्र्र्) A calumny, a false accusation. TUsf, (?) Harvest reaped in the rainy season.
TU PPADATf, Karn. (ंव्वं) A contract of marriage : an TUT, Mar. (तूट) Deficiency, loss: difference in the guantity
entertainment given by the father of the bride to the bride ofgrain by the beards being rubbed off in the carriage (same
groom's friends on signing the contract. as the II. e; ' ँ, from S. बुटि, fracture, diminution).
527
 T0T
Titt, H. (?) Loss or deficiency to landholders in payment
of rewenue.-Kamaon.
Tt T, H. &c. (५-' ं, तूत) The mulberry tree (Morus indica),
TUTAM, Mal. (g)s०) A liguid measure containing about
one-tenth of an Edangali.
TU wARI, Tel. &c. (ॐ०) A kind of pea, commonly Dhāl,
the seed of the Cytisus cajan.
TUvATA, Mal. (g)o-l5) A measure of timber, one-sixth of
a Tumaram, or 24 stjuare inches.
TwACUT, (?) Land, in the Dindigal district, छth Rep. (some
mistake, perhaps, for Tyakta, ५. w.).
TwAGA, S. &c., vernacularly, TwAG, (त्याग:) Leaving, relin
५uishing : parting with, as money, whence it comes to
signify liberality, munificence.
T/dgi, S. &c. (त्यागी) One who has abandoned the world, a
mendicant, a liberal man.
T/dijpatra, Beng. (उWi?t१e) A bill of abandonment, or of
divorce.
1'/akta, S. &c., vernacularly, Tyakt, (त्यक्) ILeft, deserted ः
given away, bestowed.
TwARGAiN, (?) H. A temporary cultivator.-Kamaon.
U.
UBAR, Mar. (उभार) In papers of account, applied to the ba
lance in hand brought forward from the last account closed,
and placed at the head of the new account opened ; also,
surplus, Supermumerary.
UBHA, Mar. (उभा) Prect, standing, not cut down (as crops).
UBHAutA, vulgarly, UBHRA, Hindi (उभरा) Unladen, as a cart
or boat.
UTbharan, Beng. (जैजतन) Unloading a boat or cart.
UBHAyA, S. &c. (उभय) Both.
Ubhayandirga, Mar. (उभय, both, and मार्गे, a road) Transit
duties.
Ubha/tinumata sdiksh{, S. (उभय, with, सनुमत, assented to,
and साक्षी, a witness) A witness consented to by both
parties (the term is known colloguially in Mysore).
Ubha/ardsi, Karn. (Crv ँ०७०००ळैe, S. उभय, and राशी, a
heap), Ubhirds, corruptly, Ooberas, Mar. (उभीराशं) The
heap of corn gathered and stacked, but not yet apportioned
between the sharers, especially when they are the govern
ment and the cultivators : in Mar. it hence comes to have
the sense of unportioned or undivided property in general,
the enjoyment of which is suspended.
028
UDA
UBHAwAM, Mal. (9G७)०) Interest on money given in mort
gage : land ः fruit, or produce of trees.
UBLAK, Mar. (डबळक) Not brought finally to account ः not
finally concluded (as an agreetment) : not settled or de
termined (as price)
Ublakh, Mar. (उषलख) Unspecified ; in the gross, in the lump
(this and the preceding are ewidently corruptions of the
A. Mabla//h, ५. w.).
UCHA, or UTsA, Tel. (* ँ) Stalk of the great millet.
Udhabe//amu,Tel. (G' ँव्०ऽ०8ंOO) Unripe grains of the
great millet.
UCHALAN, Beng. (ऊँष्प्रलन) Winnowing, tossing corn or other
light things in a sieve to get rid of the lighter particles.
UCHAPAT, H., Mar. (c“-५५-l, उचापत) Taking upgoods on
credit, the articles so taken, money borrowed, &c.
UCHA KA,Mar. (उचका) Swindling, shoplifting, pocket-picking,
getting money or property by fraudulent means or dis
honest practices.
Uchakyd, Uchal/d, Mar. (उचक्पा, उचख्या) A cheat, a
swindler, a pickpocket.
UCHAL,Mar.(उचल) A portion of landgiven at the partition ofan
estate in exchange for some other portion to a different sharer.
UCHCHA, S. &c. (उच), also, in most dialects, UNCH, UNCHi,
H. (*9', 6x") Mar. (डंच) High, lofty, lit. or fig.
Uchchapada, Beng. (जैष्ठुश्रम्)
A high office.
Unch८n, Unc/udi, H. (.४५*), ७५ल्)) Height, eminence.
Unchdd, Unchairatd, Mar. (उँचाड, इंचवटा) High ground, a
mound, an eminence.
Unchat, Uncharcat, Mar. (उँचट, इंचवट) Rising, ascend
ing (as ground).
UCHCHAPATI, Karn. (Uvछ्रुव्ॐ9) Taking and giving goods
on credit.
Uchchdjpat? lekhkha, Karn. (५vंठुव्ॐ99३३) A running
account, a shop bill.
UCHCHHISHTA, vernacularly, UCHCHISHT, S. &c. (उfछष्ट)
Rejected, left, the leavings of a meal.
Uchchishtabhdjana, S. (उच्छिष्टभोजन) An inferior, a menial,
one who eats another’s leavings ः an attendant on an idol,
eating the food offered to it.
UCH HI K UN, UCH H INUN, GuZ. (१ * ६
४१%० ४lवु०) Borrowed,
received on loan or on credit.
UCHITA, vernacularly, UCHrr, S. &c. (उबित) Fit, right, ap
propriate, Suited to.
UPAIKULAM, Tam. (2०००-C)6Tta) A tank or reservoir
which has burst its bank.
 UDA
Udaippu,Tam.(2co०-LL-) A channel formed by the burst
ing of a dam or tank.
Udaippu hatta, Tam. (2co०-LL-कैet--G) Repair of a
breach in a dam or the bank of a reserwoir.
UpAfvARAst, Tam. (2०oxt-6urTDrta) The whole produce.
UpAIwAR,commonly writtenWoDEIwAR,Tam.(2०OPl-LLI Frºr)
A title borne by some Hindu tribes ः it is that of the Rājas
of Kurg.
UDAIWAwAN, UDAITTANAwAN, Tam. (2०००-u-6udठैी,
2&२-छैgrrcण6-्रा, from 2०००-, of or belonging to),
UpAwA KARAN, Mal. (9sGalc66a9fort) A possessor, an
owner, a proprietor.
Astihudaiyacan,Tam.(g',्रUंठीफैट्ट,००-u-6uंौ)Anheir.
4stiyudaiyapan; Tam. (ं,०्रUंठी L-०००-u-61-' ँा) A pro
prietor. See Asti.
UDARAKRIvA, S. (उदक, water, and fक्रया, rite) The ceremony
of offering libations of water to deceased ancestors as far
as the fourteenth in affinity.
UDAMi, Mar. (उदमी) A trader, a dealer.
UpANPADIKAI, UDANPADUGAI, UpAN PADU, incorrectly,
ODUMBADrGAI,UTTANBADrkAI,UTrAPADI,Tam. (2-dयै
LL१-āco०es, 2-cºrt-lGooxe , 2-ॐTLurTG, from
2-ँा, together with), UpAMBApr, Mal. (9soo-s) A
contract, a cowenant, an agreement, a Bettlement, a lease.
Udan pattacan,Tam. (2-cºrt-l1---6-lcठैी) A person bound
by a stipulation or agreement.
Udanpankali, Tam. (2-ॐाLirileBrT6rf) The right ofa
brother’s sons to share in the family property.
Udanpirappu,Tam.(2-ॐा-) pLL-्) Childrenof the same
father and mother.
Udappiranacan, Mal. (9sg-il००००-rt) A brother.
Udappiranaoa!, (g)sg-il०००o-७०) A sister.
UDAs, H. (S. उदास) Indifferent, stoical : as applied to agri
culture, a sickly crop.-Puraniya.
Uddsi, S. &c. (उदासी) A religious mendicant, one affecting
indifference to worldly feelings and interests ः a religious
order among the Sikhs. " UpU, Karn. (Crv०ॐo) The pole or shaft of a plough.
Uddsina, vernacularly, Ud4sin, S. &c. (उदासीन) An indif
ferent person, one neither a friend mor a foe : an umpire,
an arbiter : it is sometimes confounded with the preceding.
UpAwARAst, Tam. (2-6-rTDrta) The whole of the divisible
produce of the land, or the entire crop before partition.
UPAwAy S. &c- (उदय) The rising of a planet, especially of
the Sun.
Udayak4la, S. &c. (उदयकाल:) Time of sunrise.
629
UDY
UDDARUw U, Tel. (Gं9ॐ) The pawning or mortgaging
of grain or similar perishable articles.
UDDARf, UDDARE, Karn. (५v ँ०, थ्rvं) Credit.
UD'HAN, Gu2. (३५teo The name of a private number used
by Hindu brokers : the number three.
UDHAR, O0DHUR, Mar. (उधड) In the gross, in the lump.
Udhajjamabandi,Mar.(उधडजमाबंदी)Assessmentinthelumpः
assessing the total revenue of a willage upon the chief pro
prietor, and leaving it to him to distribute the proportions.
Udhar-saldmi, Mar. (?) Rent collected in the gross on pri
vate land, without reference to any details.
UDDHARA, vernacularly, UDDHAR, or, less correctly, UD'HAR,
S. &c. (उडार, properly, extracting, lifting up or out) A
deduction,a portion deducted: the first division of an estate:
portion of the paternal estate assigned to the eldest son
in excess ower the shares of the others : a debt, a loan,
especially one not bearing interest. Gu2. subs. Buying
or selling upon trust : adv. on trust or credit.
UDDI, Tel. (G8),A low ridge in a field for retaining the
water of irrigation ः a bank raised above the lewel of a
reservoir, with a channel in it into which the water of
the reservoir is thrown for conveyance to fields of a
higher lewel.
UDfoHi, S. (उदीची) The north.
UprGAMU, Tel. (ँ*८०xंoo) Slavery, domestic service.
Udijaguc4du, Tel. (*०%ं७~ण`ॐo) A slaveः a domestic
Serwant.
UDfM, OoDEBM, Mar. &c. (उदीम, S. उद्यमः, industry), UDIMA,
`UDUMU, UDUME, Karn.(५v०ँ9, ध्rvॐ०ॐ००,५vॐoं9)
Traffic, dealing, shopkeeping.
Udimi, incorrectly, Udmi, Mar. (उदीमी), Uddamā, &c., Karn.
(Uvं२०) A shopkeeper, a dealer.
Udimpatti, Mar. (उदीमपट्टी) A cess or tax on shopkeepers
and traders.
UpKIPAI, Tam. (2--eºlco०-) A hamlet, an associated or
Subordinate village or market ः also Ulkadai, ५. v.
UpUPU, Tel. (*ॐcं)) Transplanting
Udupumadi, Tel (G*ं)ंoe) A plot or field in which
grain has been transplanted.
UDUw U, Tel. (Gॐoं७) Clothes belonging to another person
borrowed for wear from the washerman.
UDwAHA, S. &c. (उडाह्) Marriage.
UDwAPANA, vernacularly, UDwAPAN, S. &c. (उद्यापन) Closing
ceremonies, the observance that winds up and completes
6 T
 UDY
any religious rite, or the dedication of a temple, tank, &c.
to religious or benewolent purposes.
UDwooA, vernacularly, UDwoo, or Uproo, S. &c. (उद्योग)
Exertion, business, occupation. Udyogamu,Tel. (ं’87
ॐoo) Situation, employment.
UdADI, Tel. Karn. (G 7रश्०) The first day of the Telugu
sol-lumar year.
UGAL, Thug. Old clothes.
UGALA, H. (४७), उगाला) Land always saturated with moisture.
UGHADf, Mar. (उघडी) A flood-gate, a sluice.
UGHAi, Hindi(८*५%) उघाई) Revenuepayableby the cultivator
* UKADA, or UKARA, Mar. (उकाडा) The practice of taking in
to the government (Khet Karm,89),less correctly,A0/dhi,५.w.
UGHRAT, GuZ. (३५२,५t) Collection of revenue.
Ujjhrdtd4r, GuZ. (३५२uct९t२) A collector, a taxgatherer.
UoRA, S.(उग्र), UGRणे pU,Tel. (G७9ॐo) A man of a mixed
caste, sprung from a Kshatriya father and Sttdra mother :
their business is killing animals living in holes : some are
bards, and some have charge of treasure or hill forts.
UGRANAM U, Tel. &c. (फै७ष्9ं२ँoo), UGRANA, Karn.
(*७ष्9ं२) UoRANAs, Mal. ( 9.७296r००) A storehouse,
a treasury, a pantry
Uārdni, or Ujrdnapucddu, Tel. (G७ठ9िं२, Gएष्9६०50
•Tंo), Ugrdnth, Ujrdinadara, Karn. (थ्ruएज्व्)हैse ँ,
६/uएज्ञ्ट)ं२ ँ3) A storekeeper, a steward, a butler, a trea
surer, a collector of revenue.
UGwANI, UGwiL, UGAwA, UGRANf, Mar.(उगवणी, उगावील,
उगावा, उग्राणी), UGHRANi, Gu2. (३५२utll)
The gather
ing in or realising of money due : the collection of the
rewenue : the amount collected.
ऐH DAH, commonly pronounced, OH DA, or AH DAH, g. w.,
corruptly, HUDDA, and WooDA, H. (A. ४A4e) An agree
ment, an engagement, a contract, an obligation : a com
mission, a trust, an office or function, civil or military.
thdalibandi, H. (.sA५*Ae) Fixing a period for discharge
of a debt, wholly or in part ः an instalment bond.
Undalbardi, H. (.s'Psote) Fulfilment of an engagement,
discharge of a debt, &c.
thdahdar, commonly,Ohdahddr,५.w., corruptly, IWoodeddr,
&c. H. (9es.५e) An officer, a servant of the government,
filling either a civil or military appointmentः under the Mo
hammadan government the name was also applied to the
farmer or contractor of rewenue ; also to a salt-contractor.
UJAN, Beng. (ख्रिशीं) The upper country, the part from which
the rivers flow.
UJAR, UJAI), H. &c. C'-', ०५-9', उजाड) Desolate, desert, 'UKrA,or UKTE, incorrectly, UKri, OokTER, Mar.(उक्ता, उने)
छ80
UKT
uninhabited, uncultivated, waste: the rewerse ofAbdd. Beng.
(ज्रेञ्जोज्) A wilderness, a deserted place. .२
Ujathat, Beng. (जैडूश्ोड, ? from A. ४9-9, reasons) Pleadings
on the different points of a case in writing, objectionsurged
in writing. See Wigjithdit.
UJAR,Hindi(उजाग्) GraZingdown astanding crop.-Puraniya.
UJURI-JAMA, Hindi(उजुरौजमा,from theA.)}e) Anentry inthe
annualaccount shewing remissions of the rents of the Ryots.
Ujuriःjamin, Hindi (उजुररीजमीन) Account of land struck
off from the prewious year’s assessment as owercharged.
regularly a certain guantity or articles, as milk, &c., and
making periodical payment; running up a score; also such
quantity regularly taken.
UKALiT, Mar. (उकळीत) Gathering in of sums due, collecting
alms or contributions t collections of their dues, especially
in kind, by willage officers and servants, from the cultiva
tors direct ः fees in kind collected by the village officers
as their dues from persons exposing articles for Sale in the
willage bagārs.
UKH, H. &c. (ं-', ञ्जख, S. इषु) Sugar-cane (Saccharum
officinarum).
Ukhdri, H. (-9५%', उखारी) Sugar-cane ः in the eastern
districts Ukhdrं (जखारी) A field of sugar-cane.
UKHAL,H.(O4*?) ,ञ्जखल) Landrecently broughtintocultivation.
UKHAL, UKHALI, or UKHLI, Hindi, &c. (उखल, उखली, S.
उलूखल) A mortar of wood or stone, large or Small, for
pounding rice in or freeing grain of its husk, by bruising
with a wooden pestle. _
UKHAI, Mar. (उखळ्) The first ploughing of a field: the
turning up of the ground ; also a mortar : see H. Ukhal.
UKHAR, Gu2. (३५२) Fallow land ploughed and prepared
for cultivation next year : uncultivated land.
UKHAR, Mar. (उखर) Shallow, capable of containing little
depth of water (used of rice-grounds on a slope or with
low banks),
UKKI, UKKE, Karn. (५vं, थ्ruं) Ploughing.
UWhola, Karn.(Uvंee)A ploughed feld.
UKR, A. (9*e) A woman's dower, or the money paid as her
portion ; also a sum of money which is paid by a man to
a woman, with whom he has had illicit intercourse, by
way of dower.
URTA, S. &c. (उक्) Said, spoken ः it is used in documents,
sometimes for, aforesaid.
 UKT
In the gross, in the lump, in the mass, said ofgoods pur
chased, land assessed, &c.
Uktejamin, Mar. (उक्तजमीन) Land assessed in the gross at
a round sum, instead of certain rates per bigh८ or plough :
also lands assessed at reduced rates, which have, for a
temporary purpose, been fixed in a rough manner, and
which are less than the land can bear.
Ukti, Mar. (उति) The sum total of the assessment imposed
upon a willage, and at which it is leased for a given term
of years, with the assent of the cultivators.
UE0 BAr, H. (A. ५-**e) Punishment, chastisement : in law,
punishment inflicted by the magistrate at his discretion.
।'kaibat-shadid, H. (A. APA4 , severe) Severe punishment, ex
tending to death,inflicted at the discretion of the magistrate.
UKUNBARf, Beng. (जैबूनदीडि) A pole of bambu used by the
cultivators in Bengal for separating short straws and other
refuse from the corn after threshing.
ULAf, Hindi. Lands on a lower level easily irrigated and
therefore more productive.-Kuch Bahar.
ULANGU, morecorrectly, O.J.UNGU,Tam. (G(gr.Je), arrange
ment) A standard rate for assessment, or for the price of
grain, &c. : a detailed account of the lands of a village.
ULAw U, UI.AwUTToLIL, Tam. (2956H, 296भट्टै०grr५)60),
URAwA, Mal. (9.५*o-i) Ploughing, agriculture, tillage.
Ulupadai, Tam. (2(!gt-l०००-) A plough.
Ulada, Karn. (थ्nuं) Unploughed, waste.
Uludahddu, Tam. (2.!ggerT($) Ploughed high land.
Uludal, Tam. (2७ggoo)Ploughing.
Uludanilam, Tam. (2.!gg[ठl6ota) Ploughed land.
U1uha{, Tam. (20g०००८) Agriculture.
Uiahe,Uliko,Ulapia,&e Karn.(४/v१०पै,५v४ठै,५v१२ं)
Ploughing. _
U!unar, Tam. (2(!g प्रघै, plur) Husbandmen, ploughmen.
Uragukdram, Mal. (g9.५*०-५०6xprorrt)A ploughman,a cultivator.
Ulacdr, Ulacdr, Tam, (2५:6urT Br, 2.५.66urTद्यै) Plough
men, cultivators.
U!aradai,Tam.(2936-!०००-) The act or right of ploughing,
the right to cultivate the lands : as this right is originally
inherent in the holders of Kaniditchā tenures, it is some
times used in the same sense.
Ularadai-lidnidtchi-stisanam, Tam. (2५:6L&PLerTCणी
u-rrt-eीerrecorta)Adeedby which aproprietortransfers
his right of cultivation to a Payirkdram, or tenant, as far
as allowable by the custom of the villages, after which he
cannot remowe him, or substitute another in his place.
छ31
ULI,
Ulacadai-ulhudi, Tam, (296-"०००-2efrकैe)।।१-) A culti
vator who, although not an original sharer in the village
lands, has acguired the right of hereditary Succession and
continuous occupation. See Ulkudi.
Ulapudai-pdram, Tam. (2५a6भco०-6urT Drth) The culti
vator’s share of the crop.
ULAwAN, Tam. (26IT6uॐा) A spy, a scout.
ULGfnA, Mar. (?) Public servants, those of a village.
U!.roA, Karn. (Uv०९?x) Service, work.
Uligadacanu, Ulijanu, Karn. (Crv०९?Kॐ3ऽo, ९nv०९?XंC)
A servant, a police peom.
U!.IGA, Karn. (ºnv०९?K) Items ofdifferent accounts put down
indiscriminately, not under their proper heads.
Uligacarga, Karn. (Uv०१K3xह) Items of account under
their proper heads.
ULKApAl, Tam. (26rTeEco०u-) A hamlet, an associated or
incorporated willage or market : same as Udhidai.
U.RUpt, OoLKooDw, Tam. (26freyl9-, from 26rT, in,
within (the willage), and Gl१-, an inhabitant), also U!--
KUpI-PAwIRKARAN, corruptly, OoI.COODw-PAwACARNw,
also, Up-PAwi RRUpr, and UL-PARA KUDI, corruptly, OOL
PwAKoopy, OOL-PARACooDw, see JPayir-hudi,Tam.(26fr
(Blp.LLLºhटैrे,८BrTDrॐण, 26frt-lu-ीघैर्वै59-, 26*r
L-JDrकैGl9-) A permanent cultivating tenant, one who, by
himself or his forefathers, has been settled in a willage and
carried on cultivation in it for a considerable time, although
notoneof theoriginal coparceners: he cannot bedispossessed
as long as he pays the stipulated rent to the proprietor or
proprietors, usually a guit-rent, and his proportion of the
government assessment: he has the right of hereditary suc- .
cession and independent cultivation, but cannot mortgage
or sell the land, and is not entitled to the emoluments
and privileges considered as the right of the Mirdsiddrs :
he corresponds in all respects with the Khaid-kdsht of
Hindustan. _
ULLA KU, Tel. (फैट्’s०) A written memorandum left with
goods or grain, specifying the guantity and the owner.
ULLANA, Karn. (Uvg,६०) A grass-cutter, a grass-carrier.
ULLAwAN, Tam. (p6fr6rTeucटॆा) A proprietor, a rich man.
Ur.J.rrrAR, also occurring ULLUTAR, or OoLLooTAR, cor
ruptly, OoLLOOTORE, Tam. (p.6fr6rflu1.Lrा ट्रै') Partners,
all concerned in the same bargain or business, coparceners
in land: it is sometimes restricted to descendants of the
original holder or grantee, but this seems guestionable : it
is also sometimes extended to heirs generallyः
 ULL
ULLivA, or U!..rwAMANIwAM, corruptly,WooLIAH,WooLIJA,
and WooLioA, Tam. (26fr6rflu-", 26fr6rflu-ILarTCofी
u-Jub) Rent-free lands granted for services, especially as
militia or police.
ULMANAI, Tam. (26fruococoा) An inhabited house.
ULPATTI, Mal. (90०a-l5) Rice-lands.
Ur.TA-, or ULTHAJAMiN, Mar. (बलटा-, उलयाजमीन, from
उलया, turning ower) Land left to rest for a certain period,
either by being uncultivated, or sown with crops of a less
exhausting nature than those prewiously raised upon it.
ULU, Beng. (S. जैनू) A coarse kind ofgrass used in thatching
(Saccharum cylindricum),
ULUKU, Tam. (2(!ge)) An account kept by the village ac
countant of the lands of the willage, their extent and ca
pability.
ULUME, Karn. (थ्rv१०59) Salary paid in kind to govern
Iment servants.
ULUPHA, corruptly, WULFA, Tel. (Geo्णं), ULUPHi,
Karn. (Kuveo3) ULUPPAI, Tam. (29थt4०००-) Supplies
furnished gratuitously to great persons on a journey by the
willages on their route (from the A. 1!f; 4lifa ५-*,
७*॥ subsistence, &c),
ULUwA, Tel. (Geo3) A crop of a coarse kind of pulse or
grain (Glycine tomentosa)
U!.wARAM, Tam, (26fr6urTDrta) The owner’s share of the
produce of his land.
U!.wATrAM, Tam. (26fr6-lt4--ti) Premium or difference
in fawour of a coin exchanged for one of less value.
ULwAwKAL, Tam. (26frcurTuf JवैःeBrT60) Water-course or
channel within a willage.
' UstBALI, vulgarly, UstBLI, Karn. (Uv००४) Subsistence, a
grant to an individual for his subsistence. See the next.
UMBALIGE, UMMAJ.I, UMMALIGE, UMMULI, UMM ULIGE,
Karn.(५v००४7ं,६/v० ँ०१, Crv० ँo९?7ं, Crv०ॐ००९?,
९nu० ँo०९?7ं), UMBILIKAl, Tam. (2thLी6fflकैcoxe)
Land granted by gowernment rent-free, as a reward for, or
in consideration of, public services.
Ummalijrdima,Karn. (५v०ँo९?एजघ्/ंo), Umbali-1rdmam,
Tam. (gtatंlLी6rflकैeीDrrTucti) A willage granted rent
free in reward for, or on condition of, public services.
Ummaligdr, or -ddr, Karn. (थ्nu०ॐ०९?7त्व्ॐ, -८०d) The
holder of lands, or a village, rent-free. _ ing up the deeds: it is a disputed guestion whether in such
Umbali-uttar, Karn. (C/v००४५vडं) Grant of rent-free
land for subsistence. See Umbali and Uttair.
Us BARA, Mar, (ईबर) A ५uantitity of dwellings.
छ32
UND
Umbar-parti,orUmbar-s4rd,Mar.(ऊंबरपट्टी-सारा)House-taw.
UMED, H. (A. A&०) Hope, expectation.
Umedngdr, H. 9'9-५-१) An expectant, a candidate for em
ployment, one who awaits a favourable answer to some
representation or reguest.
Umed-usul, Uriya (२s१६.१धूं, from A. J*) Recower
able revenue.
UMi, Hindi (ऊमी) An ear of corn half ripe.
UMI, Mal. (g92l) The husk ofrice or other grain, chaft; bran.
UMM, H. (A. *) A mother.
Umm-al-ncalad, A. (el9;) In Mohammadan law, a female
slave who has borne a child to her master, and is conse
Guently free at his death.
Umatmat, A. (*७०) Being a mother, maternity.
UMRA, H. (A. ४Ae) Wisiting a wife while in the house of
her parents.
UMUDAIN, A. (du. of e9Ae, a pillar) In Mohammadan law,
the pillars or supporters of a family, designation of the
children of a kinsman, however distant, and whether in
the ascending or descending line : ancestors or descendants
in the direct line.
UM UKA, Tel. (ँoos) The husk of rice.
UN, H.(op', S. ञ्जणे) Wool, coarse hair that may be woven.
UNA, S. &c. (जन), USA, Mar. (उणा) Less, deficient ; used
chiefly in composition, shortened to Un, with numerals to
denote one less, as Un-hattar,one less seventy, i.e.sixty-nine.
UsALo, Gu• (३्tuंit. S. उष्णं, heat) The hot season.
UNCH KO, Gu2. (३०५%t) A contract or stipulation to do
any thing at a fixed rate by a given time, the profit or loss
to be borne by the contractor : different articles sold in
the lump ; the bargain for them collectively
UNDARATI, or UNDARITI, or UNDARA PATTAM, Mal. (?)
Walker has Undardi, from Undoir, to eat, 4riti, clear :
A form of mortgage in which the mortgagee occupies the
estate at a fixed stipulated rent, out of which he pays him
self the amount of the interest on his loan, and such pro
portion of the principal as shall liguidate the principal in
a specified number of years : if the holder throws up the
property before the stipulated time expires, he has to allow
to the proprietor a further deduction from the principal of
20 per cent. as Sakshi, and 8 per cent. for Tushi, or draw
case the mortgagee is entitled to claim any allowance on
the profits of cultivation: Mr. Walker says not, Mr, Graeme
states that he is, entitled to them•
 UND
UNDI, UNDIRAI, Tam. (2०र्वरैशl9-, 2०षॆाu१-०००e), UNprKU
KULAsAM, Mal. (g)०*ङlees-cosea०००) A treasury-box in
which duty or custom-money is deposited, a money-box, an
alms-box.
Undikappanam, Mal. (9०rslea; g-4०००) Money or treasure
received at custom-houses, &c ; money deposited as alms
in the treasury of a temple.
Undije, Undigi, Karn.(Uv००7*, ५v००?\) Acustom-house
stamp.
Undige-chātu, Karn. (५v००7*e*९&39) A custom-house
permit ः a formal written dismissal of an officer for bad
conduct.
UNpr KA, Mal. (g)6rsleox) A bill of exchange, a chegue, a
draft, a stamp, a passport (the Hind. Hundi, ५. w).
Undichchittu, or Undihaichittu, Tam. (2०र्ष्टाg)-ढैर्व्*ं-G,
g.०ष्ठैTig-coseवै*G*--G) A bill of exchange, a chegue, a
draft, a Humdi.
UNGIDI, Tel. (G०?\०) A disease ofcattle from their graZing
on sprouts of millet, or leaves of the castor-oil plant.
UNDURRHAD, Mar. (S. ऽंदुखाद) Damage done by rats devour
ing the grain.
UNHALA, Mar. (उन्हाळा, from the S. उष्णं, hot, and काल,
time) The hot season, the dry season, or the eight months
as distinguished from the four monsoom months.
Ujjar{, H. (.9तं;', डंजरी) A small heap of corn set apart at
harvesttime by the Mohammadans in the name of some saint.
0xKuvA, Tel. (G०93) A marriage portion properly given
to a woman at her marriage by her relatives : an item of
woman's wealth.
[ N wIRP6R, Tam. (26पाळैroulf)6Lirrºr) Sellers of flesh.
UPA BHooA, corruptly, OOP-BHoG, S. &c. (उपभोग) Usufruct,
temporary occupation or enjoyment.
UpADHr, S. &c. (उपाधि) Fraud, artifice : lawful deceit, as
recovery of a debt by some deception or device.
UPA D'HyAyA, corruptly, OOPAD'HWAWA, S. &c. (उपाध्याय) A |
teacher, an instructor ; originally, a teacher of the Weda,
but now used in a general Sense.
Upadhyd, Mar. (उपाध्या, vernacular corruption of the pre
ceding) A priest who conducts the ceremonies of a family
in a village.
UpAGRAMA, S. &c. (उपग्राम) A secondary or Subordinate vil
1age : in the south, a tract of cultivated and inhabited land
of specified extent, but wanting some of the incidents of a
village, as a separate municipal body, &c.
UPAJ, H. (ं', S. उप and ज, born) Produce.
588
UPA
Upjao, H. (S. ुl*)) Fertile, productive.
UPAJfwIRA, S. &c. (उपजीविका) Livelihood, means of liveli
liood, trade, business, &c.
UPAL, Mar. (उपळ्ळ) The state of ground, saturated, as after
heavy rains, and emitting rills of water in different parts.
Upal, or U7bali, Mar. (उपळ, उपठ्ठी) A rill, a streamlet
trickling down hills or breaking from the ground after rain.
UPAI.AGA, Guट. (३५५२t) Supernumerary, not entered in
accounts : balance in hand, surplus.
UPALANA, GuZ. (३५८atgt) High land in willages.
Upalam-michdim, Gu2. (३५&tutellश्५uUt) The high and
low lands of a willage in relation to each other.
UPANAM, Beng. (S. जैगनीम) A surname.
UPANcHAki, IBeng. (ऊँ*3ंी) Land held in perpetuity at fixed
rents ; it is the same as an Istimrdrf tenure, but the term
is in general use only in Rangpur and Kuch Bahar, and
is probably a vernacular corruption of Pamchaki, d. v.
Upanchahidar, Beng. (P. तोद्भ) A holder of land in per
petuity, paying a fixed rate to the Zamindār or government.
UPANDAM, Dakh. (PAं) ?) An obligation, written or verbal,
entered into by the cultivator for a sum of ready money,
।
|
while the crop is on the ground, to sell it, when cut, to
|
|
the person making the advance at a price below the actual
।
market rate : (it should be a Telugu word, but is not given
in the dictionary).
|
। UPANAwA,UPANAwANA, corruptly, UPINIANw, S. &c. (उपनय,
श्वपनयन) The solemm investiture of youths of the three first
|
tribes, Brahman, Kshatriya, and Waisya, with a peculiar
|
thread or cord worn ower the left shoulder, by which they
are considered as regenerated and admitted to all the pri
wileges of their original birth : as the Brahman is the only
one of the three original tribes remaining, the ceremony
is properly confined to the youth of that caste, and should
be performed not earlier than eight, nor later than sixteen
years of age ः in various parts of India, however, different
Stidra and mixed castes assume the right of wearing the
Brahmanical cord.
UPANID'HI, S. &c. (उपनिधि) A pledge, a deposit ः in law,
one that is sealed or covered, So that the contents are un
known ः hidden treasure.
UPANIKSHEPA, S. &c. (उपनिक्षेप) A sealed or inclosed de
posit or pledge.
UPAPATARA, S. &c. (उपपातक) A heinous offence, as killing
a cow, selling a daughter, atheism, or any crime only less
atrocious than the Mahdjptitaka, ५. w.
6 U
 UPA UPP

Upapataki, S. (उपपातकी) A sinner in the second degree. UPPARI, UPPARAwApU, Tel. (ढै३०, G36-ग्भ्ॐ) A man

UPAR, OoPUR, H. 9ः:', S. उपरि), UPARI, Hindi, Mar., of the caste of tank diggers, whose business is to dig tanks
Beng. (डपf) Ower, upper, on, upon, above. and wells, repair water-channels, and raise embankments ;
Upard, Upardhar, H. 0,५9l, )'e]xु') Upper or high land they are said to be descended from a Sudra father and
not admitting of artificial irrigation. mother, the latter having been forcibly wiolated ः the woman
UPARAI.A, Mar. (उपराळ्ा) Surplus stock, goods in reserve, of the caste is termed Upparadhi.
excess of weight ः calumnious or false accusation. UPPU, Tel., Karn., Tam. (Gं), 2tut-l), UPPA, Mal.

UPARf, vulgarly UPRI, H. (S. .99) Upper, over ; stranger, (9g-i) Salt. (In derivatives and compounds Uppu often
exotic, foreign : also, extra, surplus, in excess,ower and above. becomes Uppa and the Malayalim Uppa appears as
Upar:, vulgarly, Upri, Oopuree, Oopree, Mar. (S. उपर्णी) A U7bpu.
cultivator not belonging originally to a willage, but residing Unpudibbe, or Uppulatं, Karn, (५vॐ० ँ ५vं)
__ &ं) ao*
and occupying land in it, either upon a lease for a stipu A sguare lump or block of salt.
lated term of years, or at the pleasure of the proprietor : Uppaguni, Karn. (५vं8*०*२) A sal-pan.
a temant, a temporary occupant, a tenant at will : it may Uppalam, Mal.(9g–।५?०) Asalt marsh. Tam.(2tंlt-l6rTil)
be also applied, as in distinction to the Thalkart or pro A salt-pan. Tel. (Gं8०ॐ००) Ground fit for the manufac
prietor, to tenants whose ancestors have held the lands for ture of salt by solar ewaporation, same as Uppumela : als0,
many generations, but who are not considered to have a pro in Tel., Uttu (Gं)
prietary right in the soil ः also an officer employed to super Uppalacan, Tam.ँ(2t-lL-6Tr6-lc्ा), Uppalacucadu, Tel,
vise the crops when brought to the threshing-floor when (Gं8०.७॰णभ्ॐ७) A salt manufacturer.

the government dues are not paid in kind : an owerseer, Uppuleru, Tel. (ंव००) A salt-water river.

a Superintendant. Ujppumadi, Tel. (ं) ॐoce) A salt-pan.

Uparā-kharch, Beng. (जैश्चातिथहष्ट) Extra expenses. Uppalam, Tam. (2LL6ITia) A salt-pan, a salt-marsh.
U??armair, H. (9bxx) Ower, upper (as land, relatively to Uppamaippdr, Tam. (2.LL-co०Lat46-rrºr) A salt manu
lower). facturer.

Uparrodrid,Gu2. (pl.३५२१ u!tन्"tu) Cultivators not belong
ing to the willage the lands of which they cultivate.
UPASAI.wA, Karn. (S. &nuंॐ०8) Space near a village,
Suburbs of a willage where the outcastes reside.
UPATwA, Mar. (उपट्चा) A sharper, a thief, a swindler.
UPAvARrANA, Karn. (S. ५vॐ3GFं) A country, a district.
UPAwAsA, S. &c. (उपवास), also, vernacularly, UPAS, H.
(L~'x', U~५) Fasting, a fast.
UPAwASATHA, Karn. (S. ९nuंॐ ँ) A willage.
UPAwfTA, S. &c. (उपवीत) The cord properly worn by the
three pure castes only, though assumed by some others : for
Uppunela, Tel., Karn. (ं)ञ्e), Uppunilam, Mal.
(93-4o?lea०) Salt-ground,soil impregnated with salt, earth
on which salt is manufactured, water having been let in
from the sea upon soil prewiously prepared or adapted for
the purpose is suffered to evaporate, and the salt left is
collected in crystals.
Uppinakumi, Karn. (थ्rv३ॐ&oं) A Salt-pan.
Uppinar6ou, Karn.(Crvं8ंठै९७), Uppureculu, Tel. (Gं)
०७e9) The bank of a back water communicating with
the sea, from which salt-pans are supplied.
Uppuparra, Tel. (Gं,०डॆ) A salt-marsh.

the Brahman it should be of cotton, of flax for a Kshatriya, Uppupatanna, Mal. (93-{०-s॰) A salt-marsh, a bed
and of wool for the Waisya : it is worn ordinarily ower the in which salt is made by solar evaporation.
left shoulder, hanging diagonally across the body down to Uppdramdngyam, Karn. (थ्rvंव००Go७8०) Taxes lewied
the right hip. from the second class of salt-makers in Mysore.
UPBKSHA, S. &c. (उपेघबा) Neglect, disregard ः in law, laches, U1jpdramu, Uppdraragamu, Karn. (थ्rvंउवॐंo, ध्vंउव
silent neglect of a right, which is held to constitute or
amount to its forfeiture.
ॐॐ3Ko) A salt-maker ; also, a tank digger, a bricklayer
or plasterer.
।
UPHTA, Hindi (उपतता) The low part of the banks of a river Uppararole, Uppdracoli, Uppiracole, Karn. (ervंॐॐ०ळै,
over which the water flows upon the fields when the river Crvंउवॐं/०४, थ्ru३ॐॐ०ग्)) A salt-marsh, the soil that
rises.-Puraniya. is prepared to produce salt by evaporation.
छ्84
 UPP URD

Upputanta, pron. Uppudanda, Mal. (98-(Cro) A cake or Urubhapi,orUrabhdoi,Karn. (थ्nv०ॐoंऽब्&o, ९nv०ॐंऽग्छ3x)

block of salt A public tank.
Upputtarai, Tam. (2La L-्छैg०००D) Soil impregnated with Urucherucu, Tel. (फै'6oच्ऽॐoa७j) A willage reservoir, a
salt. public tank.
Uppuc4di,Tam.(2.tat-6- ITu9-)A platformforpilingsaltupon. Urugaruda, or -gauda, Karn. (Uvoं9xंॐ) The head
Uppucanihar, Tam. (2ंaL-6-IIT०ठoflesºr) Salt merchants ; man of a willage.
also Umanar (guocoष्ठांr), Uruguttige, Karn.(५v० ँ9?० 3.7ं) Assessment of a willage.
U7?pubittidu magalir, Tam. (2tat-6ulgbplGuae6fघै) Uraholabu, Karn. (ºnv०ॐ० &००००००) The limits or boun
Women who sell salt. dary of a village. ८)

Gajuppu, Karn. (रृव्eeं, ) A mineral, a medicinal salt. Urahattd, Karn. (थ्nv०४७ठैं) A willage tank or pond : a
JKalluppu, Karn. (*ं) ) Sea or rock salt. raised seat round a tree in front of a willage where the
_Karuttatruppu, Tam. (eःg9छैंठ6भLit-l) Black salt pro willagers are accustomed to assemble.
duced from the ashes of certain plants. Uruh4yuca, &c. Karn. (५v००००००ॐo3) A town or
*ariyuppu, Tam. (eºplu-LL-) Kitchen-salt. willage watchman.
JPetlupu,Tel., Karn. (व्9ं)), Wettiyuppu, Tam.(G6-lt--- Urumbali, Urummali, &c. Karn. (&nv०ॐo०४०९?, ९nv०ॐ००
'१-u-Itit-l) Saltpetre. ॐo९?) A willage granted free of assessment.
JParraguppu, Tel. (ॐ&ंjं) Swamp or spontaneous salt. Urumeracani,Karn. (थ्rv०८०्७ॐं) Processionof a town

UR, OoR, Tam. (26पत्रै'), Uे,Tel, Karn. (G*ं9, ५v०ॐ०) or willage with idols, or at marriages, and the like.
URA, Mal. (g99(o) A willage, a town, a country : (this Uruni, Tam. (26प(Cप्;०ठष्ठी) A public tank.
word has undergone the same change which the bad ear Urupalu, Karn. (५v०ॐ9व्णaeo) Portion of the crop which
and articulation of our countrymen have inflicted upon the falls to the share of the cultivators of a willage.
Sanscrit Pur in Hindustan, and has been universally Urupallelu, Tel. (फै' ंO*०2ट्eo) Willages, great and small.
changed to ore in the numerous names in which it occurs Uratalacdra, Karn. (५v०ॐde)ब्व्ं) A willage servant.
in the Peninsula, as Wellore for Welldr, Nellore for Nellitr, Uruterije, Karn. (५v०००de7) Assessment of a willage.
Coimbatore for Kayambatttr, Targjore for Tanja-dr, &c. | URA, Mal. (9०) A measure of guantity = 20 Paras.
Uraiyul, Tam. (2००pu-०fr) A village, a town. URA, (?) H. A land or boundary mark. _

Urdn,Tam.(2sITDrrTC)ा) Theheadperson in a townorvillage | URADI, URATI, URATU, (?) Mal, A class of predial slaves
Urdr, Tam. (23पDrrTºr) Townsmen, citi2ens. in Malabar (probably errors for the next).
Urdalacara, Karn. (थ्rv०6ह-%व्व्ॐ) A village servant ; | URAI.I, Mal. (99(o220) A man of a low or servile caste,
also Uradalacdra. a Sitdra : a low outcaste tribe inhabiting chiefly the forests.
Urgaaika, Karn. (थ्nv०xह-*०ठै) A village astrologer. URANorA, Mal. (99(opo2) Proprietorship of a temple or
Urkaraniga, Karn. (थ्rv०ठैह-68bx) A village accountant. place of worship.
Urhacaliga, Karn. (५/v००व्)Fंॐ9x) A town or village Urdnmaharam, Mal. (g)9(oo2asport) The proprietor ofa
watchman : also Uruhdi/aca, &c. temple.
Urkelasiga, Karn. (थ्nv०ठै-eं७x) A willage barber. Urdan,Mal.(99(opg.nt) Guardian ormanager of a temple,
Urkola, Karn. (Crv०ठै०-१) A public tank. whether singly or in partnership with others.
Urmaniyam, Tam. (26पंruarTCCीLLita) Village free lands, Urdydma-sthanam, (?) Mal. The management of the affairs
generally used to signify lands exempted from revenue as of a temple (the first is perhaps an error for Urdnma).
sigmed by government for the performance of willage duties, | URATIyA, Beng. (जैजीर्पेिषi) Land unfit for cultivation.
as distinguished from Kdmiditchi Mainyam. URAwAMArf,Hindi(उडावामाटी)A freeloosemould.-Puraniya.
Urcalam, Tam. (26पंr6-6ota) A procession, state, | URAwU, Tam. (2p6-) Relationship, consanguinity.
marriage, or religious, through a town, &c., when the party Uracam, Tam. (ppeudठैी) A relation, a kinsman.
begins to mowe to the right. URDDHABAHU, S. &c. (जडैबाहु) An ascetic who holds up one
Urubeli, Karn. (थ्rv०ॐoं९g) A hedge round a willage, as or both of his arms until they become rigid and remain
a defence. fixed in that position (from Urddha, up, and bdhu, the arm).
585
 URD
URDDHAPUNDRA, S. &c. (जडैपुण्ड) A perpendicular line,
usually red, but also white or yellow, down the centre of
the forehead, indicating a worshipper of Wishnu.
URDU, H. (99) A camp, a royal encampment : applied more
commonly to the Hindustani language as spoken at the
Courts of Dehli and Lucknow, and by the Mohammadans
of India generally, being formed by a copious though not
। preponderating influx of Arabic, Persian,andTurkish words
upon a basis of Hindi and Sanscrit, and following the
grammatical inflexion of the former occasionally slightly
modified.
URF, OoRF, H. &c. (-2* ॥ जफे) Known (by the name of),
commonly so called ः it corresponds in use with "alias.’
URI, URE, Karn. (९/v०, &nuर्ट) A loop or sling fastened to
the end of a pole for carrying burthens : a net or knotted
strings for suspending articles in a house.
URf, Beng. (ऊँर्जी) Wild, applied especially to wild rice grow
ing sometimes abundantly on borders of lakes or Swamps.
Uridh4n, Beng. (जैर्जीथi*) Wild rice.
URI, Tam. (2Dh) The half of a measure commonly termed
4rai-paddi.
URIMAI, Tam. (2.Dhco०LD) Property, possession.
Urittdmacam, Tam. (2Dhट्टैgrreण6-्र) A proprietor, a
possessor : an heir.
Uriydr, Uriydr, Tam. (2Dhu_JrTCठैा, 9EfीGu-JrTºr) Re
lations, connexions, ancestors, forefathers.
UTriyacam, Tam. (2DhLL6uc्ठा) A proprietor, an heir.
URLU, Karn. (Uve9FT) A noose, a snare, a halter.
Urlu//ammbha, Karn. (UueoF-x०ँ) A gibbet, a gallows.
URs, H. (A. ७_/*9e)Offerings of food, incense, or lamps, made by
Mohammadans on variousoccasions at the shrines of reputed
saints, and especially on the l2th of J?abi-ul amoal, the
anniversary of the death of Mohammad : also nuptials,
marriage, a marriage feast.
URTU, H. ( *)) Crimping or plaiting of linen.
U?’tugdr, H. 99}9) A plaiter or crimper of linen.
URU, corruptly, OoRoo, Mal. (g)(C) A part, a piece, a por
tion of a field.
URvARA, Mal. (g9०"lfo) Fertile soil yielding every kind of
, crop : land in general.
Us, UNs, Mar. (जस, ऊँस) Sugar-cane.
Uschadh, Or Uscharh, Mar. (जसचढ) A progressively in
creasing tax on Sugar-cane plantations.
USANA, Mar. (उसनt) Borrowed, lent, as money without interest,
or articles to be returned or repaid in kind.
586
UTB
sanaoat, Usanagari, Mar. (वसनवठ, वसनवारी) Loan, the
state of being borrowed or lent.
UsHARA, vernacularly, USHAR, or, in some dialects, USAR,
S. &c. (जषण) Saline, as soil : land impregnated with alka
line particles, and unfit for cultivation.
Usara-Dhami, Tel. (G*७ ँंग`२9) Saline soil.
UsHR, H. (A.A.e) A tenth part, a tithe. See Ashr.
Ushr-ut-tijarat, A. (e“-9५=u)*e) Duty on merchandise,
customs, a tenth of the value.
UsHTA, Mar. (उष्टा, abbrev. of S. उचिष्ट) Left, of a meal,
leavings.
Ushtaingal,Mar.(उष्टावल) Fragments,scraps,leavingsofa meal.
Usf R, S. &c. (उशीरं) The root of a fragrant grass (Andr0
pagon muricatum) which is woven into screens placed
before doors and windows, and kept constantly wet to cool
the air admitted through them into the house.
USTAD, H. (A. oU.), WASTAD, Mar. (वस्ताद) A master, a
teacher, one skilled in any art or science.
USTAwARf, Mar. (उस्तवाग्री, P. ५9'*~', strong) Repairing,
restoring, re-peopling (ruined houses, willages, &c.).
UsU L, Beng. (उँशून, from J;*;) q. w.) Collections, revenue.
UT, or AUT, H. (c“-9', abbrev. of S. खपुच) One who dies
without issue, an unmarried man.
UTA KKARA, Beng. (ऊँछेरुरुiद्वः) Foreign, unknown, vagrant.
UTAMA, Mal. (9s2) Wages, payment.
UrANA, UrANA, Beng. (ऊँछेन, जैछेमi) Taking goods on credit
UTANGAI.A, Mar. (उर्टगळ) A hillock, a mound ः unewen, as
ground.
UTAR, H. &c. 9७l, डतारं) Descent, decline, lit. or fig. ः deduc
tion, abatement, remission of revenue, scale of decrease in
the rate of revenue lewied from different gualities of soil :
also a ford or ferry, charge for ferrying: ebb tide, low water.
Utaram, Utarrodm, Mar. (डतरण, उतरवण) A declivity, a slope.
Utdri, Utdrd, Mar. (उताररी, उताब्) A passenger, a traveller,
especially by ship or boat.
Utdrpenth, Mar. (उढारोपंठ) A commercial city, a mart, an
emporium.
Utdrta, Utarroat, Mar.(उतरतr, उतरवट) Declivious, sloping.
Utdryd, Mar. (उताच्या) A ferryman.
UTAwALI, (?) Mal. Surplus profit or rent of an estate held
on mortgage, after defraying the government demand and
interest of the loan : (an error, or local corruption for Hut
turcali, ५. v.).
UTBANDI, also written OTBUNDEE, OUTHBUNDBE, (?) Beng.
A settlement of revenue with reference to the guality of
 UTE
the land, the description of produce, and customary rate of
assessment (perhaps connected with 4it-bandi, ५. v.),
Utbandi-jamd, (?) Beng. A settlement in some parts of
Bengal where the cultivator pays rent only for the land
actually cultivated in each year.
UTEऽ, Mar. (डतं) Rice raised from seed on land that has not
been previously prepared by burning.
UTHAN, Mar. &c. (उठTन) An area in the interior of a house,
a court, a yard : also lifting up, raising : (but this is more
correctly, Uttlidn.
UT!hdinghdit, Beng. (जैठेनिचों) A landing-place, a wharf a
quay ः (wrong spelling for Uttlidn),
UTRocHA, vernacularly, UTKoCH, S. &c. `(उत्कोच) A bribe,
any thing given as an illegal or unavowed consideration :
a reward for the detection of crime.
UTRsHEPA, S. &c. (उत्क्षेप) A throwing away ः also for Uthshe
paka (उत्क्षेपकं, a thrower away) A pilferer, a pickpocket,
one who robs a person by craft or sleight of hand so that
he is not aware of it.
UTOTI,(?) Mar. Sloping land close to a Dan// willage in which
young rice-plants intended for transplanting are raised
from seed ; they are then steeped in water and sweated by
the aid of blankets until the rootlets are thrown out, when
they are transferred to the field prepared for their reception.
UTPANNA, Mar. (S. श्वत्पन्न) Produced, born ; also, subst., Pro
duce, profit, proceeds, realised rent of a village, produce
of the harwest.
UTsARGA, UrsARJANA, S. &c. (उत्सर्गे, उल्सजैन) Letting go,
abandoning ः gift, donation : turning a bull loose and leav
ing him to wander about at will, on the occasion of some
festive or religious celebration.
UTsAwA, S.&c. (उत्सव) A festival, a holiday, a religious festival.
Utsara-m6/{n{, Tam. (2वै G6-GLarTu-ी०ऽष्ठी) Money al
lowed for the expense of public festivals.
UTrAMARNA, S. &c. (उत्तमणै) A creditor.
UTTAyrAsA HAsA, S.(उत्तमसाहस) Severe or capital punishment,
of which five kinds are reckoned, mutilation, branding, con
fiscation, exile, and death.
UTTARA, vernacularly.UTTAR, corruptly, OTTAR, S. &c. (उत्तर)
An answer, a reply, rejoindir, defence : also, north : and
adj. subseGuent, posterior : it is in general use also as the
second member of a compound, implying lands granted or
belonging to; as, JDerottar, granted to a god; IBrahmottar,
granted to a IBrahman.
। 'ttardibhdisa, S. &c. (frotn चाभास, what seems like) An
587
UTT
ewasive or prevaricating reply, the semblance, not the
soundness, of an answer.
Uttarddhildra, S. &c. (उत्तराधिकार) Succession, inheritance.
Uttarddhikdra, S. &c. (उत्तराधिकारी) A successor, an heir.
Uttarakarttd, S. &c. (उच्तरकर्त्तु)ि An answerer, a respondent,
one who makes a reply.
Uttarakriyd, S. &c. (उत्तरक्रिया) Fumeral ceremonies.
Uttaralakshana, S. &c. (from लघ्वण, a mark or sign) The
characteristics of a reply, namely, that it be applicable to
the whole charge, that it be maintainable by law, that it
be not eguivocal or evasive, that it be consistent with itself,
and that it be perspicuously expressed.
Uttardnta?’, IBeng. (S. जैडुलांश्*उत) A reply which is irrele
vant to the charge, an evasive reply.
Uttara-pdda, S (उज्ञरपाद) The defence or reply in judicial
proceedings.
Uttara-phiryddu-ddrudu, Tel. (ढैॐ.ॐ१००ं8ं७८ग्ंं०*७)
An appellant : lit. a defendant who complains.
Uttarasakshi, S. (उत्तरसाघवी) A witness for the defendant.
Uttarardd{, S. &c. (उत्तरवादी) A defendant, a respondent :
in Karn. also, a bondsman, a security.
Uttaraj//taa, S. &c. (उत्तरायण) The sun's northern declina
tiony or his passage from the southern to the northern limit
of the ecliptic, the winter solstice.
Uttarottara, S. &c.(उत्तर, repeated) Rejoinder,reply toa reply.
Uttar-prat/uttar, IBeng. (S.ऊँङ्कतअं शूढुत), Uttara-pratyut -
tara, S. (उत्तरप्रगुत्रर) Defence and rejoinder, or, generally,
pleadings in a suit at law.
UTTARA, corruptly,OOTHUR, Karn. (UUड१ ँ), S. UDDiIARA,
(उद्धार) Deduction, remission : land given by government
to an individual as a reward for services at a guit-reut
or rent-free : land given to a temple.
Jodiyuttdrd, Karn. (ं.००९०७०cडं७) Assignment or grant
of land at a favourable rent. _
Patrcadattdra, Karn. (ं9गंॐFां७ववॐ) A grant of land
rent-free. _
UTTHANA.S. &c. (उह्यान) Rising, getting up: raising, lifting up.
Utthttnailiddasं, S. &c. (उह्यानैकादशी) The eleventh lunar
day, which sometimes falls in Adrtik, sometimes in 46/rd
/6./and, whenVishnu is supposed toarise from four months’
sleep, being the close of the rainy season.
Utthit-patit. Beng. (S. ऊँरििथं, rison, श्रउिथ्, fallon) Lana
that cannot bear a crop every year, and is therefore lefः
fallow occasionally.
UT t, Tel. (ं) Ground fit for the preparation of salt
0 x

, UTT
whose brackish water is let in from the sea upon a soil
charged with saline particles, the evaporation of which
leaves the surface coated with salt.
UयूTU, written URRU, Tam. (26rTghppl) A spring.
UwAR, Hindi(उवार)Ploughing upa standing crop.-Puraniya.
UZR,H.&c.(A96e)Excuse,apologyः claim, pretension: objection.
7:rddr, H. (9'9ंe) A claimant, an objector.
Uardarf, H. (.3)l96e) Claiming, petitioning, submitting an
objection to a claim or statement.
W.
WAcH, nom. WAR, S. &c. (वाच्, वाक्) Speech.
Waigdana, S. &c. (वाग्दान) A gift in words, a promise ः
betrothment.
Wdādatta, S. &c. (वाग्दत) Promised ः affianced, betrothed.
Panischaya, or Wagnischaya, S. &c. (वाग्निचय, वानिश्चय)
Assurance, averment : betrothment, affiance.
Wij-,orWand-mailamu,Tel.(य`ं”०ँo०, यश्०x्ां ०ॐoo,
from S. वाच and मूलम, root) A declaration, a deposition. | WAD'HRAPro, WADH KUTIO, Gu2. (*५॥५%u५1न्*tu, ॰tu५%
Jakdana, more correctly, J74/ddina, as above, S. &c. (वाल्
दान) A verbal or promised gift : affiance, betrothal, pro
mise to give a boy in adoption or a daughter in marriage.
Wailkku-mttlam, Tam. (6urां5ं5(५०6uta) A deposition before
a judge or Panchdg/at.
Palparus//a, S. &c. (वाक् and पारूप्य, harshness) Abuse,
defamation, scandal, calumny punishable by law.
WACHANA, S. &c., vernacularly, WACHAN, or BACHAN, (वचन)
A sentence, a dictum in law, a text from a work of authority.
WAD, WADI, GuZ. (*t९, १६t) The dark half ofa lunar month.
See /Badi.
WADA, vernacularly, WAD, WAD, IBAD, S. &c. (वाद) Speech,
discourse : argument, dispute : pleading in court, a law suit.
`ddapraticdda, vernacularly, Jaidpraticaid, S. &c. (वादप्रदि
वाद) Charge ind defence,plaint and reply, pleadingsin a Suit.
Jadi, IBaidi, IWadi, S. &c. (वादी) A speaker a disputant,
a complainant, a plaintiffiu a suit.
WADA, vernacularly, WAD, WAR, BAR, S. &c. (वाड) An in
closure, a fence, an inclosed space.
'add, IWard, Mar. (वाडा), Tado, "(iro, Gu2. (१uऽu) A
duarter of a town, a ward, a part inhabited by persons of
the same caste or occupation, as, IBrdlumana-mcdrd, the
Brahman's ५uarter ; Kastti-n’ttro, the butcher’s guarter :
also, in Mar., a public building', as lidjn’ttrd, a palace
Sarkdr-pcd:’tt, any government building.
छे88
WAI
I74ai, IWadi, IWaip{, Mar. (वाडी) An inclosed piece ofground,
especially of meadow or arable ground: a cluster of huts
at a little distance from the main willage, a hamlet or de
pendent willage : a separate guarter of a village : in Gu*.
also, a garden, an orchard, a plantation : in Tel. a street
Waidhar, Wadhar, Mar. (वाडकर) The proprietor of an in
closed piece of ground.
WADAGAI, Tam. (6LirTL-co०८B) Hire, rent.
WADAGALw, (?) Tam. A sect of Hindus.
WADAI, Tam. (Guco०्ठ, S. वध) Murder.
Wadaikdram, Tam. (GueटुंठकैerTDr्र) A murderer.
WADAI, Tam. (6-lrTCo०L-) A willage, a small willage or street,
especially of herdsmen, shepherds, or foresters.
WADArvAyAKAL,Tam.(GurTCoxt-6urTu-lकैeErr60)Achannel
for carrying off surplus water from a village.
WADAvATTU, (?) Tel. A willage held free from assessment.
Waddeuddu, see Ottan, Tel. (33यणं) A caste, or in
dividual of it, whose occupation is working in Guarries,
tank digging, and the like.
४lन्Jºu) A surgeon, one who dresses wounds and performs
operations (from ०५॥५, a wound),
WADIKE, Karn. (यव्०ऊँ) Customary, usual ; also subst.,
custom, usage : experience.
vADro, vADHio, Gu2. (ctuदृlन्*u, ५॥४{lश्tu, S. षडैकी) A
carpenter, a builder, a shipwright.
VADUKAN, plur. WADUKAR, Tam. (GuGeBॐा) A native of
Telinga.
WAGA, WAGA, Tel (**) A minor division of a village:
it is used in Gu८erati for a subdivision of the lands of a
willage.
WAGAIRAGUTTA, Tel. (ॐ?र्र_ॐ?०&3) Rent of a village engaged
for by several persons (from the A. and H. Wa-ghaira,
and others),
WAGHARI, WAGHRf, corruptly WAG RBE, WAGREE, Mar, Gu2.
(वाधर्णी , from वाघर्, S. वागुरा, a net) A caste, or an in
dividual of it, whose occupation is snaring and catching
wild beasts.
WA HANNAvATi, or WAHANNATr, Gu2. (ctu८०ut१४l, from S.
वाहन', a vessel) A sailor, a 'shipowmer
WAfDA, WAi DA, Tel. (व्यंx99C”, A. ४ce) A fixed term for
payment of money, an instalment.
WAIDiंHA, WAIDEHARA, Karn. (े86९०, ॐ56९०ठै) A
trader by caste and occupation, said to have sprung from
a Waisya father and Brahman mother : in S. the latter
 WAI
origin and the same name are applied to an individual
whose business it was to attend on the female apartments.
WAIDI KA, vernacularly, WAIDIK, S. (वैदिक) Relating to the
Wedas ः a Brahman conversant with the text of the Wedas.
WAIDwA, WAID , or BAID, S. &c. (वैद्य) A physician, a man
of the medical caste and profession.
WArKAsi, corruptly, WvAUsEE, WyAssAt, Tam. (cox6ueBrreºl)
The second month of the Tamil year (May-June),
WAIKUNTHA, S. &c. (वैकुंठं) Wishnu's heaven : applied ironi
cally by the Mohammadans of Bengal to pits filled with
all sorts of impurities, in which, under the government of
Jdfar-khan, farmers of revenue, Zamindārs, and others,
who were defaulters were plunged, in order to compel pay
ment or a rewelation of their resources : it is said to have
been devised by Jdfar-lahan himself but to have been
rather held out in terrorem than to have been carried into
execution. See Daikumth.
WAIPPUMANrvAM, Tam. (०००6-"LL-LarTCChLLita) A grant
of a portion of the government revenue claimable from the
estate of am individual.
WAIRAGA, S. (वैराग) Suppression of worldly passions, whether
of affection or aversion. _
Pairagi, or Bairagi, ५. v. S. &c. (वैरागी) A religious men
dicant professing to have subdued all worldly emotions,
leading a vagrant life and subsisting upon alms ; properly
a worshipper of Wishigu, especially in the form of Itdma,
and, in relation to him, of Sitd and -Hamundn : there
are various distinctions and orders, some of whom are col
lected in maths,conventual establishments under, a superiorः
the greater number profess a life of continence, and, if
becoming Wairdjis after being householders, separate from
their families : some of those who have been excluded from
their order marry and engage in trade, and are said to be
known in the Dakhin as Bhat (?) Wairdjis.
VAIsAkm A, S. &c., vernacularly, VAISA KH, or BAISA KH,
(वैशाख) The first month of the Hindu solar year (April
May), the second of the lumi-Solar.
Paisdkham, (?), corruptly, II?/saghum. Crops reaped in the
month of Waisdikh.
WAISHNAwA, S. &c. (वेष्णाव) Aworshipper of Wishnu inespecial,
under one or other of his forms : in Hindustan it also
designates a respectable body of Hindus who are bankers
and merchants, and are followers of Vishnu• ।
WAfswA, S. &c., vernacularly, WAIS, or BAIS (बेश्य) The name
of the third primitive caste of the Hindus, whose means
छ89
WAL
of subsistence, according to Manu, are agriculture, trade,
and the keeping of cattle.
WAITA, (?) Gu2. Land of a superior guality and most highly
assessed.
VAJA, Tel. (ॐ ं का', from the A. e39) Deduction, subtraction.
WAKA, or WAKA, Mal, (o-lcb) A part, a portion ः capital,
stock ः goods, estate.
Waka- or Waka-karam, Mal. (o-uc6x०96)0forrt) A kinsman,
a co-heir : a partner.
Waha- or Waha-chil, Mal. (o-lab24lob) The Raja's share
of the produce oflands, or one-fifth in kind in the northern
districts of Malabar, prior to the establishment of a money
rate by Haidar after his conduest.
WAKANAI, Tam. (6-rTeछॐ०T) An embankment for carrying
off water.
WA KARo, or WA KARo, Gu८. (५%२u) Money collected from
the sale of goods ः the proceeds of sales of merchandise :
the sale of goods : stock, cash : the cash-box.
WAKKA,WAKKANARA,or WARKA,WAKKANARA, Mal.(G-lc66),
o-le86boopro) Hemp.
WAI.ADHARMA, Karn. (ॐ ं ँoF) Produce of lands assigned
to a temple.
WALAGANIO, Gu2. (१&1२uut[lन्Jºu) A man of a low caste,
a worker in skins and leather, the mdng/ of the Marathas.
WALArwAN, Tam. (6-ॐcLLcठैr) A fisherman by caste and
occupation.
WAI.AKKU, or WAZHAKKU, Tam. (Gu!pफैड्ठ) A) Guarrel, a
law-suit.
Walakkan, Tam. (Gu!pफैट्,०ठैr) A plaintiff a complainant.
Palakkalijal, Tam. (Gu!pफैट्Errorfles6fr) The parties in
a law-suit.
Edircalahkan, Tam. (STंठीघै6ugaफैट्कळै)ि A defendant.
Orudalai-calakhan, Tam. (GOBंठंeo6-9aकै८cठैी) An e:c
;parte statement.
WALAऽ-KAt, Tam. (6-l6orāu०ठxe), B \ LAGAIwwf, Karn.
(००7ंS०००8) The right hand : applied also to those mixed
castes which constitute what are termed the right-hand castes
in the south of India, incontrast to those constituting the left
hand castes, with whom there are freguent disputes, and
sometimes affrays, regarding claims and privileges usually
ofa trifling character : for the left-hand castes, as known in
Karnftta, see Edagai t according to the same authority the
right-hand castes are eighteen : 1. the Bainijaga, or trader ;
2. the Okkalija, cultivator ; B. Jotiphana, (?) oil-maker
employing but one bullock in the mill ; 4, Idanjajica,
 WAL
calico printer and dyer ; 5. Lddaru, Mohammadan traders
and artificers (?) ; 0. Gujerati, merchant of GuZerat ; 7.
Jtomati, trader and merchant; 8. .Jaina, a follower of the
Jain religion ; 9. Kurubd, a class of shepherds and workers
in wool ; 10. Kumbdrd, a potter ; II. -47astr, a washer
man ; 12. IBesta, a fisherman, also employed as a palankin
bearer ; 18. JPadma shaldg/sa, (?) a kind of weaver ;
14. Ndindu, a barber ; lā. Uppdramar, a tank digger ;
10. Chitragdra, a painter; I7. Golla, a cowherd; I8. ITal
lia (?), or Pareyan, commonly, Paria, who, like the
|lfadijar or Sahali of the left-hand caste, is the especial
champion of the whole. The principal members of both
the right and left-hand castes are tlle same throughout the
Peninsula, but there are variations both of caste and of
nomenclature in several of the subordinate divisions ; and
some of those specified in the above list are too general to
be included with propriety, such as Guserati merchants
and .7ains : some few of the names also are not verifiable,
as indicated by the mark ofinterrogation attached.
WAI.ANGAIWAN.plur. -wAR,Tam.(6u6crāJco-e LLcर्रा, -LLurTºr)
one of the right-hand tribe, or the right-hand men or
tribes.
WA LARA, GuZ. (cuu&t२.t) ILand on whicli the weeds have been
burnt prewious to ploughing.
WA JARTTAJ., Tam. (Gu6गणै' ँgrrefr) A foster-mother.
Wailarttapillai, Tam. (6-6Tद्यैंठंaLh6frं6न) A foster
child.
WALAsA. vulgarly, WULsA, Tel. (*9ं), WALAsr, Karn.
(ंॐe)ळै)Flight of people in a body from a village or town
through fear of some public calamity or exaction.
WAI.AT-DANiA, or -D'HAItANfA, corruptly, WULLET-DANEEA,
vt Lr-pAN, Gu2. (*५८-५८t९tutlन्"tt -५२.७[lन्"tt) A par
ticular kind of mortgage ; money borrowed by mortgaging
the produce of land or other property : any fund pledged
to repay the amount of a loan.
WAI.E, Karn. (5ऽब्&) Leaf of the palm, as used for writing on.
Palahar, Karn.(व्णव्धैCवं) A messenger, a courier, a peon.
WAI,I, (?) Tam. A measure of land in Tanjore ः probably the
same as ITeli, d. v.
WAJ.J, WAZHI, Tam. (6- ५), WAni, or WALI, Mal. (o-lgी)
A road, a way.
ITarā-hdram, Mal. (o- ºc66)0fort) A travellor, a wayfurer.
Talippari, Tam. (6-9ीLL-p) Robbery on the highway.
ITaliselaru, Tam. (6-9ंीढै GG 6cc-) A journey : money for
the expenses of a journey.
540
WAN
ITa)’ij/titta, Mal. (o-1ंीं)s) Food given to travelling
IBrahmans.
WALLA,S.(वक्व),WALA,Mar. (वाल) A weight egual to threeseeds
ofthe Abrus precatorius,or, popularly, toone-fortiethofatold.
WALLAst, Mal. (o-!g G०) A large basket for storing grain : a
dam : a place for watering fields or letting out water.
WALLAM, Tam. (Gu6fr6Tta) A grain measure containing
four padis, or about a peck.
WALLAwA, (?) Mal. One of the three divisions of the serwile
caste, the Palayar.
WALLAwAN, Tam. (6-60606-lc्रा) A herdsman.
WALLI,Mal.(o-lg Gl)Wages paid to the servileclasses, orPalayars.
Walliydl, Mal. (o-lg3)Kop७०) A Palayar slave.
WAt.J.JKANAM, Mal. (o-30ce6)06०००) Earnest money.
WALLIvAM, Tam. (6-l606t)LLIta) A willage of shepherds or
herdsmen. _
WAJ.LU wA, WALLU wADrl, Tel. (ंॐ, ॐंयं), WAL
I.UvAN, Tam. (cuefr७)6-यैी) A man of a class of
Parias, considered to be of a somewhat superior description,
and held by the caste in the light of a family priest.
WANA, wernacularly, WAN, WAN, and BAN, ५. v., S. &c. (वन)
A wood, a grove, a forest.
Witnaprastha, S. (वानप्रस्य) The man of the three first castes
who after the term of his householdership has expired, has
entered the third 4xrama or order, and has proceeded
(prastha) to a life in the woods (cdna), the J/llobios
of the Greek writers.
Panchardi, or II’anchardi, Mar. (वनचराई) Price paid for
the graZing of cattle in forests or on waste lands.
Wamegdirili, Karn. (ॐडैरळ२&)) Farm of wood and timber :
a tax upon them Jewied by the former government of Mysore.
WANA, GuZ. (०{Ut) The cotton-plant.
Wankdr, GuZ. (*tU%t२) A weaver.
Wdnrdlit, IITamrrald, or, vulgarly, IIanola, Mar. (वानवळ्ा,
from वान and जोल ola, green) A cess levied upon warious
kinds of grain, vegetables, and fruits, when they first come
to maturity : a similar claim or fee on behalf of the vil
lage servants.
WANCH IPHRAMI, WANCHI KSH MA, Mal. (o_l6`०_J७८) The
country of Travancore (from canchi, a boat, boat-land)
ITamrhi-१’irutt{, Mal. (o-46a-1lo-h(ॐ(ळळिी) ILand granted
rent-free in Malabar, on condition of providing boats for
the state when reguired.
WAN IDIto, GuZ. (५u०४्री) An unsettled transaction, an affair
involved in dispute (in trade).
 WAN
WANDro Ri HA,S (वन्दिग्राह) A thief a housebreaker, especially
one who breaks into a place where something precious or
sacred is kept, as into an armoury or temple, or chamber
where the sacred fire is burning.
WAN pIL, or WANDI, vulgarly, BAN py, Tam. (6-l०ठ्ठाu9-60,
6-८ठ्ठा' ं-), Mal. (o-6*ं)) A two-wheeled chaise, the
ordinary European vehicle in Madras and the other pre
sidencies ; also a cart, a wain, or waggon.
WANDRA, Tel. (ॐ०ॐ) Land granted at an easy rate of as
seSSment.
WANDUBHU wi,Tel(ॐ०ॐcंणम् २9)Land on the banks ofa river.
WANGALAyrAR, Tam. (plur. 6-l०ञैशe6ITLaद्यै) Men of the
servile tribe, agriculturists, originally landholders, now fol
lowing other avocations.
WANSAN, Tam. (6-6र्यटा(ं)ंी) A washerman.
WANNIO, GuZ. (ctu०t[lन्jitu) The name of a caste, or of an
individual of it, who are numerous in GuZerat; the Banya
or Bamian of other dialects, and of European writers ः in
GuZerat they are distinguished into two great classes, as
Waishnacas, or Jains, both of whom follow various lines
of business, as shopkeepers, retailers, merchants, and bankers.
see Banya ः in Mar. the term is modified as Wda{ or II’dnः
(वाणी): it is no doubt derived from the S. Wanij or Wamik.
WANSA, WANSA, BANBA, S. &e. (वंश) A race, a family, also
a bambu : see IBansa.
Jansdicali, S. &c. (वंशmवली) A genealogy, a list of persons
of one family or race.
Jansphoro,Gu2.(*ut०२t?uंu) A caste,or member ofit, who
works in bambus, making mats,baskets, &c.: see I9ansphor.
WANTA, WUNTA, or WUNTA, Mar. (वंत), WANTU, Tel. (ॐ०थॆ०)
A share, a part, a portion (of an estate, of a contribution,
of a mercantile concern, &c)
Wanta- or IITanta-ddr, Mar. (वंतदार) The holder or con
tributor of a share.
ITantni, or IITantni-patra, Mar. (?) A document specifying
the proportions in which any property is to be divided.
WARA, or, vernacularly, WAR, WAR, or IBAR, S. &c. (वार) A
day, used in composition as Soma-ctira, day of the moon,
Monday; Mandala-cdra, day of Mars, Tuesday; IBuddlia
cdra, day of Mercury, Wednesday ; Wrilaspati-cdra, day
of Jupiter, Thursday ; Salºra-cdra, day of Wenus, Friday; | WARA, vernacularly, IBAR, IBUR, S. &c. (वर) A bridegroom.
Sani-cdra, day of Saturn, Saturday ; Itabi-, or 4dita,a | Waradot/s/ ine, Karn. (S. २ं) Present made by the
caira, day of the Sun, Sunday : see Ddr.
WARA, Karn. (व्वं),WARAsr,orWARAM, corruptly,WAREM,
Tam., Mal. (6-rTDta, o-9fo०) A share of the crop or
541
WAR
of the produce of a field : in Kanara, wllether it be that
of the cultivator or of the gowernment as landlord ; in
Malabar it usually designates the rent or landlord’s share
of the produce, and in some districts is limited to the land
lord’s share of the produce of fields bearing hill-paddy and
sesamum only, or to fields of the wet cultivation : in Tamil
it is distinguished as
Udai-param, (2०ुt-6-IITDrta) The whole produce of all
the cultivated lands of a village subject to partition between
the cultivator and landlord, or the state.
Kudi-caram, (ट्ट,५)-6-rTDta) The share of the produce
assigned to the cultivator.
JMdlcdram, (GLadb6-IITDrta) The share of the produce due
to the landlord or the state.
Wairadittam, Tam. (curTDंठीLL-ta) Adjustment of the
shares of the produce belonging to each party interested :
a register kept by the willage accountant of the respective
shares of the produce assignable to the cultivator and pro
prietor, or the state.
Wdrada-ducasa, Karn ( जब्ॐॐ ँ;७) The crops divided
between the temant and lamdlord.
Wdrana-bhatmai, Karn. (यद्धॐंos२o) Land of which
the rent or assessment is paid by a portion of the crop.
Waradai-olai, Tam. (०-IITDrco2-6860) A deed of lease.
Jdrapat!u, vulgarly, J'tirapat, Tam. (6-IITDrt-l-pg))
Subject to share,'held in shares, an estate, &c. ः it is applied
also to lands, a share of the produce of which is receivable
by the gowernment in kind, as distinguished from Tirrai
pattu lands, or those paying a money assessment, and
Mainyam, those held rent-free : Wairapat lands may be
either in wet or dry cultivation.
Warapattu-milam, Tam. (rठी6uta) Land, the produce of
which is diwided in shares.
Wdrapiricu, Tam. (6-IITDrt-at-JhDी6-) Division of shares.
Warasattanl, Tam. (6-IITDrळैet--ta) A table or register
of the cultiwator’s share of the crop.
Wdratundu, Tam. (6-IIT D' ँ८०ळै'G) A deduction from the
share of the cultivator added to the gowernment share.
Wardcdri, Karn. (०००Cव39C9) Settlement, assessment,
adjustment of shares.
bride's father to the bridegroom on the consummation of
the marriage.
Waradhdrd, ITardhdrd, Mar. (वरधtचा, वर्धेmवा) The brother
| 6w
 WAR
of the bride, or some person representing him, going in
procession to bring the bridegroom.
Wara//koda, Mar. (वरघोडा) The marriage procession of a
bride and bridegroom ; also of a boy on his way to be
invested with the characteristic cord. _
Waratta, Mar. (S. वरण) Choosing or accepting in marriage,
betrothal.
Wardita, or Wardit, in H. Bardt, Mar. (वरात) A marriage
procession, the friends and attendants escorting the married
pair to their home.
WARApA, Karn. (* यश्) A subscription among the vil
lagers to defray the village expenses.
WARADA CHArt RTHi, S. &c. (वरदाचतूयीं) A festival in honour
of Durgā as the giver (da) of blessings (para) on the
fourth of J/d//ha.
WARADI, Karn. (3ॐ०) News, report.
Ukkadadacaradi, Karn. (थ्vंॐse) A patrol or police
report.
WARAGU, Tam. (6-"DTC)) A kind of grain (Paspalum fru
mentaceum) : it is also applied to other kinds of millet,
as Puloaragu (L-606-IDrGy) (Panicum colonum).
WARAHA, Tel. (ंॐॐणं), WARAHAN, Tam. (GuDrrTec्ठा)
A gold coin, so named from its originally bearing the
figure of a boar (cardha), or of Wishpu in the boar
aratdr, the signet of the Rajas of Wijayanagar : it was
subseguently more usually termed by the Mohammadans
-Hun, or by Europeans Pagoda, the latter from its having
on one face a Hindu temple.
WARAKAM U, less correctly, WARAKUM, Tel. (यणं,sंoo)
WARA KKAyr, Tam. (GurTDrGeta) Advance made to cul
tivators to enable them to carry on cultivation ; more
usually designated Takdici, ५. v.
WAIRA KKA, or WARA KKA, Mal. (o- ५*०96) A plaint, a claim,
a lawsuit. _
Warakku-hdram, Mal. (o-l५*cesseexp(o(ob) A plaintiff a
complainant.
WARANILAM, Mal. (o-l2fo9C?la-l०) Barren or waste land.
WARAPU, WARUPU, Tel. (ॐ ँं), ॐ ँ9ं)) IDrought, dry
weather.
WARAPPU, WARAMBU, Tam. (G-Du4-, 6- Drtat-l) A limit,
a border, a boundary, a low ridge or bank to retain water
in fields for irrigation.
WARAst vART BA Ki, Tel. (ं ँ2य`०थ्$) Total balance.
WAIRATA, Karn. (ॐणवं) An assignment on the revenue,
an order for payment : see IBardit.
छ42
WAR.
Jdiru-cardta, Karn. (ं ०ं७3णव्ठं) A compulsory de
mand of payments.
WARATARA, S. &c. (वणाटक) The small kaunri shell used
as money.
WARATHA, WARTHA, vulgarly, WARTHA, Mar. (वरठा) A
washerman.
WARAwA, Tel. (ॐॐ) A channel for conveying water to a
reservoir.
WARAw U, Tel. (?ंं)) Income, profit.
WARAwUDU, Tel. (ॐ ँं)ॐo) A servant.
WARDD'HUSHIKA, S. &c. (वाडॆषिक) A money-lender, a usurer,
one lending money at interest.
WARENDRA, S. (वारेन्द्र) A native of Warendra, part of Bengal
north of the Ganges, designating especially one great
division of the Brahmans of Bengal.
WARGA, vernacularly WARG, vulgarly, WURG, S. &c. (वर्गे) A
class, a tribe, a multitude of similar persons or things :
in Karnata, an ancestral hereditary estate.
Wargaddir, vulgarly, IITurgddr, Karn. (37(F-यव्ॐ) The
proprietor of a hereditary estate, and in that capacity some
times the representative of a whole village, collecting and
paying the assessment of the whole, although others may
have portions of the village lands as separate property :
the title is also, though laxly, assigned to lessees under
the original proprietor, who are known as Sub-rcur?-ddrs.
JMitlacarja, corruptly, Mool/-?rur'(/,and IITurg/-monl/, Karn.
(S. मूल, root) Original proprietary right in land.
Witlararjaddr, corruptly, Moohourdddr, Karn. (P. 2le.
who has) The proprietor of an ancestral hereditary estate.
Wargan’tir, Karn. (3xFऽव्ठं) According to estates, as
sessments, &c.
WARI, Tam. (GuDी), Karn. (ॐ9) Tax in general, toll, tri
bute, cess, impost, assessment.
|lfanairari, Tam. (Lcॐष्ठा6-Dी) House-tax.
JPulpari, Tam. (-606-JDी) A tax on pasturage.
Talairari, Tam. (ंठश्ccuP) Poll-tax.
Wariharan, Tam. (GuDhेGrTDrc्रा), Jari/dra, Karn.
(3b7रव्d) A tax-gatherer, a collector of duties or taxes.
Warisai, Tam. (6uDी०००G) Fixed rate of assessment.
WARI, Mal. (o-42५ी) A ruler, a governor.
WARI, vulgarly,WUREE, Tel. (ॐ9) Rice in the stalk,padd/
WARI, Mal. (o-lgº), WA J.I, WAZH I, Tam. (6-9ंी) A road,
a way.
ITapi/Mram, Mal. (o-Jºhe66)0fort) A traveller, a wayfarer.
Warihari, Mal. (o- ～ीee6afol) Provender for a journey.
 WAR WAS

Jagiyatta, Mal. (o- शीoo)5) Food given to travelling "

Karn. Wa?’tama, ITartame, ($ॐह-७, $ष्ठंह-त्ॐ) Wa rtamai,
Brahmans by the state. Tam. (6… pg&या) Fees, perguisites, especially of grain,
WARI, S. &c. (वारि) Water. paid to the public servants of a village or town for their
Paripuram, Mal. (o-lfola-Afo०) A flood, an inundation. Support.
WARI, also, WARINAMA, (?) Mal. An agreement, a contract, Warttaka, S. &c. (वर्त्तेक), Tel. Karn. (ॐडॆ,s) One who

a written engagement. possesses or earns a maintenance, a trader, a merchant.

WAntwAN, Mal. (o-prolount) A man of a particular class, Wartakama, IWartaka, Tel., Karn. (ॐॐह-sंoo, $ष्ठंe-ॐ
a Servant in a temple. Warttakam, Tam. (Guयै' ँंठeta) Trade, traffic : also,
WARNA, vernacularly, WARAN, BARNA, or BARAN, S. &c. Karn. a trader, a merchant.
(बणै) A tribe, a class, a caste. Wartakuda, Tel. (ॐॐह-ऽं9ॐo), A merchant : also, War
Warnasankara, barbarously, IBurrumshumkur, S. &c. (वणै talia, or IWartaha, Mar. (वर्त्तेक) A particular officer of a.
संकर) A mixture of castes ः a mixed caste, or one of a town or willage, a sort of bailiffः
mixed caste, one sprung originally from parents of different WARTTAI.A, or WARTTAI.A, Mar. (वर्त्वाठ्ठा) Surplusage or
castes, either in successive or inverted order, as from a gain on exchanging coins of different currency, excess of
Brahman father and Stidra mother, or from a Stidra father grain as measured in a particular way : balance over or
and Brahman mother, constituting in the present day the in hand (in sguaring accounts).
entire body of the Hindus exclusive of the Brahmans; the WARTANio, or WARATANfo, or BARTANIo, corruptly, BHUR
pretensions of some of these castes to represent the genuine TUNEEA, GuZ. (ct२०1०{\श्tu) A village guardor watchman,
unmixed Kshatriya, Waisya, or Stidra, being in the highest the village Chauk{dar of Hindustan ः he is commonly a
degree duestionable. । man of low caste, or a Bhil, and is paid by an allowance
WARo, GuZ. (५uशu) A smail spot of land assigned to each of land rent-free.

of the principal inhabitants of a Koli village. WARTTANU KA, WARTTANU KA, or WARTTAN U K, Mar.
WARSHA, also, wernacularly, WARAs, and WARKHA, S. &c. (वर्त्रगूक) Conduct, behaviour ; subsistence.
(वषै) Rain, the rainy season ः also a year. Warttanathajdmin{, or IITurtumool-२dmin, Mar. (वज्ञैशूक
I(irsha, S. &c. (वाषै) Annual, celebrated annually, relating जामिनी) Security given by fiiends of the parties litigating
to a year : also relating or belonging to the rainy Season. before a Pancluayat that they will respectfully obey the
Warshagdnth, Mar. (वर्षेगांठ) A birthday, or the ceremonies award.

observed upon it ; lit. the year knot, the age being recorded
by a knot tied annually on a string kept for the purpose.
Warshala, Mar. (वषैल) The year of possession by one of
a number of proprietors of an estate who occupy it for a
year in turn.
Warshdsam, vulgarly, IITurshasam, Mar. (वर्षॆासन), Warkhdं
sam, Warkhasum, Warsdm, Gu2. (ct२'vtu*tut, १२.५uशु{०,
*t२२tLU) An annual allowance, a salary, a pension paid
either by the public treasury or by assignment on the re
venues of a willage or district, and entered upon the willage
expenses: also an assignment or a charge on an estate made
by the proprietor in favour of another person.
Parshdsanddr, Mar. (वपॆासनदाग्) The holder of an annual
. allowance, either in pay or in assignments.
Wirshika, S. &c. (वार्षिक) Relating to the rainy season,
WARUNi, S. &c. (वारूणी) A festival on the thirteenth of the
latter half of Chaitra, in honour of Waruna, the deity of
the waters ; if it fall on a Saturday it is of especial sanc
tity, and is termed Maha-cairuiºf.
WASA, Mal. (o-lC/e) A husband's sister ; a wife.
WAsA,S. &c.(वास) A dwelling, a habitation : dwelling', abiding.
Wdis{, S. &c. (वासी) A dweller, a mative.
WAsA, or WAsA, corruptly, WUssA, GuZ. (२t२t L) A stuare
measure of land, twenty of which are e५ual to one bi//hd :
in GuZerat it contains 142ं sGuare yards.
Wis-casd, corruptly, IITis-prussa, GuZ. (०{l२{०५२a u) The
twentieth part of a Wasd.
WASA-BANTRAwUTU, or pron. -BANTRATo, Tel. (॰णश्ऽण्प्&Do
| ७9ं) ॐ०) A watchman or guard appointed to superintend
cultivation.

produced in it, &c. : annual, occuring or celebrated yearly | WAsANTA, vernacularly, WASANT, or BASANT, S. &c. (वसन्त)
WARTTANA, vernacularly, WARTAN, S. &c. (वर्त्तेन) Means | Spring, the season of spring, the two months Pludlijun
.

of subsistence, occupation, income, profit. In Tel. and | and Chaitra.

548
 WAS WEC

Witsanta, Wasanti, also Jasantotsaca, S. &c. (वासन्त: -ती, | trict exercising undefined authority in revenue and judicial
वसन्तोत्सव) A festival, or series of festivals, celebrated in | matters, under the order of an officer of government in
spring. । charge of a district.
WAsATr, Tel. (S. ॐॐ ँ) A dwelling : an allowance, Sub । Pattakainilam,Tam.(6-lt-l-०००e 6ota)An enclosedfield.
sistence money, or land granted rent-free for that purpose : । WATrA, Karn. (ॐं), WATTAM U, Tel. (ंC) WATTAM,
also, GuZ. Population, inhabitants. Tam. (6ut-l-ti) The rate ofexchange between currencies
ITasati-ddra, Tel. (ंॐं9GPC) A holder of an allowance, of different values, either premium or discount : the Batta
or rent-free land, for his support. of Upper India.
Jasati-patrahं, Gu2.(२,२a८{1५०t२.%) A census, a statistical Wattachchittu, corruptly,Wattachit, Tam. (6----वैर्व्*--G)
return of population. A bond with premium granted for goods exchanged or
WAsAwAiA, incorrectly, WASwAwA,WUSwAIEEA, GuZ. (*13्t- । money lent on interest.
०॥४२ºtu) The village establishment of artisans and । Wattasochcham, Tam. (Guे--वैःGerTºeth) Interest,
servants : the land assigned them for their services. balance, or premium.
ITasardid kamail, IWusicaya kumal, Gu2. (A. JL**, total) Wattakkdran,Tam.(6t-lt---GerTDrcर्रण) A money-changer.
The whole amount or value of fees paid to the willage WATrl, Tam. (6-्र-५}-, S. वृडि) Interest on money.
Servants. 4ng/dya-catt{, Tam. (9।। प्र्ठlu-IITu-6--4-, from S. अन्यायः,
WAsELA, GuZ. (५१८at) Fallow (as land left for a year un improper) Usury, unlawful interest.
cultivated). JDarma-catti, Tam. (ंठग्रेu०6-lt-l9-, from S. धस्मै, law) Law
WASTU, S. &c. (वस्तु) Thing, Substance. ful interest.

Jastucaka, Mal. (o-loo\ंo-lcox) Property, real or personal : WATU KAN, Mal. (o-lscºrrt) A bondsman, a servant, a man
estate, goods, chattels. of a certain tribe considered as originally from Telingana.
Idstd cilia, vernacularly, ITdstacik, S. &c. (वास्तविक) Sub- | WAw, or WAtj, Gus. (*tuet, S. वापी) A large oblong well
stantial, real, actual, genuine, correct. with steps to the water’s edge.
!tistacilia-criddhi, S. (from वृडि, increase) Just or legal Watcadi, or Watoari, the H. Baori, or IBaoli, g. v. Gu८.
interest of money. (२tu२tgl,१tu९tंl) Asmall well into which। people descend
WASTU, S. &c. (वास्तु) The site or foundation of a house : to get water.
also a house. WAwANi, Gu2. (ctuctu[l) The act of sowing seed.
Idstoptija, S. &c. (वास्तुपूजा) Ceremonies observed on laying Wricanio, GuZ. (su१७[l*tu) A drill-plough, a sowing
the foundations of a dwelling. machine.

WAsU DEvA, corruptly, WASOODEO, Mar. (वामुदेवं) A class of । WAwAR, or WAwAR, Mar. (वावर) The cultivated or cultivable
mendicants in the IDakhin who beg early in the morning land in a willage.
to wake up the residents, So named from Watsudeca, a WAwwA, Gu2. (*ttetstu) Planting, as trees ः sowing seeds.
name of Krishna, the son of Wasudeva. WAwAL, Tam., Mal. (6-lu-60) A rice-field ः ground fit for
WATA, vernacularly, WAT, or WAT, S. &c. (वाट) A road, a rice cultivation : any open field or plain.
path, a way. Jayalkkarai, Tam. (6-ILL60कैe,०००DT) A rice-corn field.
Idt-mdr/6ं, Mar. (वाटमाच्या) A footpad, a highwayman. ITaj/alpattam, Mal. (o-lccufb०-19s०) Rent of rice-fields.
WATAU, GuZ. (*t८u*t) Exchange, balance of diferent cur WAwIPPA, Mal. (o-9Cºmं-) A loan, a debt.
rencies : discount or premium : see IBatta. | WAw KAL, Tam. (GurTLLफैट्EIT60) A water-channel.
WATTAst, or WATTAM, corruptly, WUTHUM, Tam. (6----tia, WAyoLA, Mal. (o-26)Kopea) A written agreement on palm
_

S. वृत्तं) A circle, or any thing of a circular form, as a । leaf, making over land, &c. to another : a deed of transfer
well, a pond, &c.: applied also, in Tanjore, to a small tract | or conveyance : a written woucher deposited in a heap of
or district comprising three or four willages under one grain specifying its Guantity
head man. । WECitAI.A, (?) Karn. A small additional contribution or fee
ITattamdini/alidran, corruptly, IITuthum moni/dr’, Tam. । in grain from the Māniyam or priwilege land claimed from
(6---LarT०००flu-GearTTCेण) The head man of a dis the holders by the original proprietor.
छै44
 WEC
WECHAN,Gu2.(S.१५tut) Sale, the act of selling (H.Dechna,
to sell). _
Wechdnid, GuZ. (१५uU[l२५u) Saleable, applied to lands
properly belonging to the state, but which have been sold
by the Patels and have been excluded from the assessment.
Bom. Reg. x. I831.
J7।।echankhat,Gu2.(१२५ uU[“tct)Adeedof sale, a conveyance.
Wechdn makaria, Gu2 (१५uUtet%{\श्tu) Lands exempt
from tax or rent.
Pechansabhamia, Gu2. (१२५uU(*t(*tu*{1न्vtu) Land sub
ject to a guit-rent.
WEDA, S. &c. (वेद) The general name of the chief scriptural
authorities of the Hindus ः it is most correctly applied to
the four canonical works entitled severally the Jti/-Weda,
Jrajur-Weda, Sdma-Weda, and Atharca-Weda, but it is
extended to other works of supposed inspired origin, in
the sense of Science or system, as Ayur-Weda, the Science
of life, i.e. medicine ; JDhamur-Weda, the science of the
bow, or military science; Gdndharba-Weda, the science
of music, so named from the heavenly musicians or
Gdndharbas.
Weda-kriya, or -karma, S. &c. (वेदक्रिया -कर्म्मै) Any cere
monial regulated by the texts of the Wedas, as are all the
essential obserwances or Sanskāras of the Hindus.
WEDANTA, S. &c. (वेदाना) A system of pantheistic philosophy
or psychology inferred from scattered texts of the Vedas,
and thence named their * end ' or substance. _
WEDA, Tel. (न्3ं)
Sowing seed.
WADAN, plur. WEDAR, corruptly, WAIDUN, WEDDAH, also
BEDAN,or WEDEN, Tam. (G6-l-०ठैा, plur, G6-lt- टैr), Mal.
(०)o-lsrt) A hunter, a fowler, a name given to a wild
tribe, or to an individual of it, inhabiting the hills and
forests in the south of India, almost in a state of nature,
and gaining a wretched subsistence by killing birds and
beasts with bows and arrows ; possibly the aboriginal race
of the peninsula : in Malabar they are included amongst
the praedial slaves, and are employed in cutting timber,
constructing fences, and watching crops, but are not per
mitted to take any part in agricultural labour : they are
described as very wild and miserable, but timid, and flying
from the approach of other tribes to the woods ः the name
is also written Wedu and Weducam, but incorrectly ः the
first meaning hunting, and the second being properly W८t
८ubam, G. w.
WEDEN PfK, or WEDEPEEK, Mar. (वेईपीक, from वेडा, mad)
छ4ं
WEL
A mad crop, one that is excessively exuberant or that
wholly fails.
WELAI, Tam. (G6u&6o) Work, labour.
Palaikaram, Wdlaiyan, Tam. (G6L&3oर्कैeBrTDrcठा, &6uंo
LLirTC)ा) A servant, a workman.
WELAyrA DoRA, Tel. (from 8ऽ'ॐ, a master, a chief) A name
given to a military tribe, formerly retained by government
for service in the morthern Sarkārs.
WELAMA, incorrectly, WELMA, Tel. (व्य'० ँo) The name of
a principal tribe of Telugu Sttdras, or of a member ofit ;
they claim descent from the Rājas of Waramkal.
WELI,erroneoisly,VELLAI,Tam.(०6-6rf)An open place or field.
Manadai-reli, Tam. (La प्,ि००्ठ०6-6rf) A public place for
cattle outside a village.
-Meyssalaceli,Tam.(GuaLLवै G*6066-6rfl) A pastureground.
Wayalceli, Tam. (6uLL6066-6fl) A rice-corn field.
WELI, corruptly WALEE, WALIE, WAI,w, WAILw, WELI, Tam.
(G6-l6t) A measure of land containing five kdnis or six
acres and six-temths : a field of that extent
WELIvADA, Tel. (ई0ञ्णं) The outer part of the village
tenanted by Pareyar.
WELLAM, Tam. (36u6fr6rTth) Flood, inundation, irrigation.
Wellahada, Tam. (G6-l6fr6rTळैerTG) Total inundation
of a place or field.
Wellapal, Tam. (G6u6`T6rT Lit-lrT.9ं) Corn destroyed by
inundation.
Wellac4ri, Tam. (G6u6*r6rTourTDP) A channel for Supply
ing water to a tamk.
WELI.AMAl, Tam. (Gou6fr6rTrTCOPLD) Agriculture,husbandry,
as depending especially upon irrigation.
Welldlan,or Wellisham,or Welldlan,Tam(G6u6fr6rTr pेण,
G6u6fr6rTrा6rTCठैा) A man of the agricultural caste, which
constitutes a numerous body of the cultivators of southern
India: during the mative Tamil gowernment no other classes
were permitted to hold landed property in Tondamandalam.
Well4akudi,Tam. (36u6fr6rTrT rā। ©५}-) A willage offarmers.
Wellisatti, Tam. (Gou6*T6rTrT ७छ०Gu-19-) A merchant of
the tribe of agriculturists.
Wellacarsi, (perhaps for G6a_16fT6rTourर्घ*००xe, which last
word is used for order, rank) Tam. (?) A class of cultiva
tors in Dindigal and Coimbatur, resident in the willages, and
cultivating the lands for themselves, but mot having a here
ditary or proprietary right to them : (there is some mistake
most probably in the nameः gth Rep. p. 892, and in another
place, p. 077, the Welldlar are substituted for them).
6 Z
 WEN
WENAri, (?) Mar. House-tax, or tax on trades ; apparently
the same as Mulutarafa, ५. v.
WENNILAI, Tam. (G6-loooT०ष्ठ०f&ंo) Any thing given with
out a pledge or mortgage.
Wemmilai-patram, Tam. (36ucठठाठ्ठठींo-छैट्ठीDria) A Wethid, Gu2.
note of hand, or bond, without a mortgage.
WENNU, Tel. (व्jॐ०ु) An ear of corn.
WEPPA, or WEPPU, (?) Mal. Mortgage-bond (?).
WKal, Tam. (G6-IDh) The unfermented sap of the palm tree.
WERo, incorrectly, WEBRA, WEvRAtr, Gu2. (aंu) Tax, im
post, duty, any tax or cess lewied in addition to that om
land, as upon trades, professions, goods, and the like : a
particular tax levied upon the land, or upon ploughs, in
addition to the standard assessment ; also a tax levied on
the Grāsia tenures paying no other revenue to the state.
WERU, Tel. (ऴe७०) Separation, division, especially of families
which had been prewiously living together in common.
WERUMPATTAM, corruptly, WEBRoMPATToM, Mal. (6)o-lo०
०-93०) Rent of land or gardens without any advance or
loan. See Pattam.
Perumpattachitta, Mal. (6)o-l०००-12324ls) Lease of
lands or gardens, agreement to pay a stipulated rent.
WEs, or WEs, Mar. (वेस) The gate of a village, hence the
payment of the government rewenue which was formerly
enforced by shutting the gates of the village and allowing
no one to leave it until all demands had been realised.
Weshar, Weshar, Mar. (वेसकग्) The porter or gatekeeper
of a village, usually a Maing/, and employed in other menial
offices for the willage.
WEsANGIPANTA, Tel. (ढ्ञ्७०%ं)०83) A crop that is cut in
the hot season.
WETA, (?) Mar. Excess of rate of assessment upon one por
tion of an estate in consideration of another being under
assessed. Bom. Reg. xvii. IS27.
WETAN, pronounced commonly,WEDAN, or WEDAN, ५. v. Tam.
Mal. (०6-l-cेण) The name of a wild forest tribe
Petucam, Mal. (6)o-lso-rt) One of a tribe of wild people.
WETANA, vernacularly, WETAN, or WETAN,S. &c. (वेतन) Wages,
hire : in Maratht it especially applies to the stipends of
public officers.
ITetandda{nam, S. (वेतनादानं) Non-payment of wages, a
branch of judicial proceedings.
Hetant, or Wetanee, Mar. (वेतनी) Stipendiary, receiving pay
or wages given in lieu of wages (land, &c.) : relating to
pay or wages in any respect.
5-40
WIB
WETH, or WETH, Mar. Gu८. (वेठ) Labour or service exacted
by government, or a person in power, without paying for
it : a load carried by a person or animal impressed: also,
but superfluously, Weth-begdr. See Degdr.
(a४॥२tu) A person pressed to carry wood, or
to perform any labour without recompense.
WET-KANAM, (?) Mal. A mortgage-lease engaging to reim
burse the mortgagee for any improvements he may make
on the lands he holds, in lieu of interest
W6rTAI,WETTAM, Tam. (G6-lt--०००-, &6-lt---ta) Hunting,
the chase.
Wattacan, Tam. (G6ut--G6-ld T) A hunter, especially a man
of a wild and forest tribe whose chief subsistence is from
the chase. See Wedan : they are considered as prtedial
slaves in Malabar.
WETTAN, Tam. (G6ut--rrंौा) A married woman.
WETrl, Tam. (66LLL१-) A road, a way. Tel. (रं) Per
formance of the lowest offices in a willage, as those of a
labourer or porter, grain watcher, Scavenger, &c.
Wettimai, Tam. (०6-!!--t१-०००LD) The office of an inferior
village servant ; see the mext.
ITettiydn, Tam. (०6-14-19-u-IIT०ठैी) A willage servant who
discharges the lowest offices, Sweeping the chaultri, keep
ing the threshing-floor clean, measuring the grain, and,
according to some authorities, employed to burn dead
bodiesः he is also the messenger of the Pattl, and acts as a
guide to public officers and travellers (from Wetti, a way,
which is from Wetta-kiradu, to cut or dig, as a road or way),
Wettioddu, Tel. (न्ंन्यं) A Wettā-man, a village
servant who acts as messenger, Scavenger, &c.
Wettubadi, Tel. (न्)ं-००) An advance on goods or mer
chandise.
WEvA, WEHAWA, GuZ. (astu, १८०ut, from the S. fववाह)
Marriage.
WEvILIPOLAM U, Tel. (ई२9ंग्राध्७:००) A field ploughed
last year but left fallow this year.
WrBAKARAyr, and VivAHARAst, Tam. (6-ीt-lesrTDta, cuी
6-leEITDrta) Law-suit, legal proceedings. See W/apalidra.
Wi BHAGA, S. &c., vermacularly, WIBHAG, and BrBHAG (विभाग)
Part, portion, division, especially portion of inheritance or
partition of property : according to law, either the simple
apportionment of the property of a deceased person amongst
his heirs, who may nevertheless hold the whole in common)
or, as more usually employed, the several distribution of
the shares amongst the sharers, and their mutual separation
 WIB
Jicad-ribhdja, S. (from जीवत्, living) Partition made
during the life of a father.
4jicad-cibhdja, S. (अजीवत्, not living) Partition after a
father’s decease.
Prakasa-cibhdga, S. (from प्रकाश, manifest) A public par
tition made in the presence of witnesses.
7tahasya-cibhdja, S. (from रहस्य, secret) Partition made
privately in the presence of a few friends only.
4nyonya-cibhdga, S. (from अन्योन्यं, one with another)
Mutual partition made by the sharers without the presence
of any other persons.
Sama-cibhdga, S. (समं, egual) IDivision of the property
amongst the sons in egual shares.
Wibhdja-bhak, S. (भाक्, who shares) One who shares in
property already distributed, as a son born subseguently to
the partition of the paternal inheritance.
Wibhdga-patrika, S. (पचिका, a leaf) A deed of partition,
the deed drawm up at the time of partition which should
specify whether the property is ancestral or acguired, the
particulars of its acduisition, the names of the sharers with
their respective shares : it should be signed by the parties,
witnessed and dated.
Wibhakta, S. &c. (विभक्तः, past part. of विभज, to divide)
Divided, separated ; either the property, or, as applied to
persons, the sharer who has separated from his coheirs and
holds his portion in severalty.
Wishama-gibludda, S. (fवषम, unegual) Division of the pro
perty by the father in his lifetime amongst his sons in
different proportions, which may take place with property
self-acduired, not with ancestral property : after the father’s
death the sons diwide edually, although under the ancient
law the eldest son was entitled to a larger portion, or to
a preferential choice of certain articles, and the practice
prevails in some places, or in some families, especially in
the IDakhin, where also various modifications of the law
of partition are admitted in different castes and with refe
rence to different hereditary rights and possessions.
W IBHAwA, S. (विभव) The second year of the Hindu cycle,
A.D. I808 in the current cycle.
WicHARA, S. &c. vernacularly, WrCHAR (विचार) Investiga
tion, judgment.
Wichdrame, erroneously, Wecharamai, Karn. (२aकृळctं)
Superintendence, management.
Wicharamckarta, Karn. (२aकळंह-) A ।superintendant,
a manager.
ॐ47
WIR
Wijarippu, Tam. (6-ीerTDhLL-) Management, superin
tendence : a district or village, &c. under any one's charge.
Wijdrippuharan, Tam. (6.ीerTDhuaLकैe,TDrॐा) An
administrator, a manager. _
WrDAl, Tam. (Gullco०B) Seed of plants : also Pirai, ५. v.
Widaittal, Tam. (Gul&Pंठंठं) Sowing.
Widaippumam, Tam. (Gul&ुgtºn-cठाia) A spot of ground
newly cultivated.
WIDEsA, S. &c. (विदेशं) A foreign country.
Widexastha, S. &c. (विदेशस्य) One living abroad.
Widesi, S. &c. (विदेशी) Foreign, foreigner.
WIDHA, Tel. (S. २ं) Hire, wages.
W IDHAwA, S. &c., vernacularly W ID'H wA (विधवा) A widow
(ci, without, dlia ca, a husband).
WIDHI, S. &c. (विधि) A rule, a precept, especially one enjoin
ing some particular act or observance in law or religion,
any act, or rite, or ceremony, so enjoined.
Wf DU, Tam. (6-fG) A house.
Wittukkudaiyacan, Tam. (6.j-Gफैट्ट,०००-u-6-्रेण) The
master or owner of a house, a landlord.
Wittuppadiydn, Tam.(6र्भ-Gu4-19-LLITC) A field or out
door servant who receives his daily hire in rice-corn.
WIDwA, S. &c. (विद्या) Knowledge of any kind, learning,
science, art, &c.
Widyadhama,S. &c.(धन ,wealth) Money acguired by teaching.
VIDwAMANA, S. &c., vernacularly, W IDyAMAN, corruptly,
WIDwMAN, WEEDwMAN, Mar. (विद्यमान) Being present ः
applied in Mar. to the presence of a third person as a
witness in money transactions.
Wi.JA, S. &c. vernacularly, Wi.J, or Bi.J (वीज) Seed, lit. or fig.
Wiji, S. (वीजी) A sower : a progenitor : the kinsman appointed
by a childless man to raise up issue by his wife : the
father of a son legally begotten on another’s wife.
W IJAyA, S. &c. (विजय) Wictory ; the twenty-seventh year of
the cycle.
Wi.JAwA, S. &c. (विजया) Hemp : also a mame given to the
8d, 8th, and I2th days of the lumar fortnight : see also
the next.
Wijayadasam{, (विजयादशमी) The tenth lunation of the light
half of Asnin (Sept.-Oct) on which the image of IDurgं,
on the termination of the festival in her honour, is cast
into the water.
Wr KARi, S. &c. (विवारी) The twenty-third year of the cycle
= A.D. 1890-40.
WIKRAMA, S. &c. (विक्रम) The fourteenth year of the cycle.
 WIK
WIRRAwA, S. &c. (विक्रय) Sale, selling.
Wikraydnusaya, S. (विक्रयानुशय) Rescission of sale.
Wikraya, S. (विक्रयी) A vendor, a seller.
Wikrita, S. &c. (fवक्रीत) Sold.
Wikritaputra, S. &c. (विक्रीतपुच) A son sold by his natural
parents and bought to be adopted as a son.
Wikriy4sampraddinam. S. (विक्रीय, having sold, स्रसंप्रदानं,
non-delivery) Non-delivery of an article sold, recission
of sale.
WIKRITA, S. &c. (विकृत) The twenty-fourth year of the cycle.
WILA,orWILA,Mal. (o-me–l),W ILAI,Tam. (6.Jी&6o) Price, value.
Wilacharakha, Mal. (o-The-l24(oco6) Goods exposed for
sale, merchandise, a valuable article.
Wilatāroa, Mal. (o1a-l(ेldia) A bill of sale transferring
property without any reservation of future claim.
Wilattaram, Mal. (o-1le-lorofo०) Price or value of corn
levied as tax or rent.
Willamgama, Tel. (२g,०xंoo) A claim or dispute.
Saroacillangasuddhija, Tel. (७8ऽ२ं,०xं8x) With
out any reservation or claim, a phrase used in bills of
sale and transfer.
W ILAI, Tam. (6u]ी&60) Price, value.
Wilaidunda, Tam. (Guी&60८,०षॆाG) A charge on the
gross produce of a village, deducted from the share of the
villagers and added to that of the government, on account
of the difference between the price at which the cultiva
tors had sold their grain and the exported retail prices
at the place of sale.
Wri.Ar, Tam. (6.1ी&5ा) High'ground not supplied with water.
Wit.ArcricHAL, Tam. (6…ीॐाफैट्’60) Ripe corn in the field
ready for reaping.
Tilainar, Tam. (culं6न(6ा,यै) Husbandmen, ploughmen.
ITilai-nilam, Tam. (6aयी&5-ा pl6uta) A field, fertile or arable
ground.
ITilaica, Tam. (Guी&5ा6-) Growing of corn in a field.
ITilaicupalam, Tam. (cuी&5rTouL60cठैT) The corn or crop in
a field.
wir.Arvup, Tam. (6…ी&6TL-6fr) A field.
vi I.Ast prN, S. &c. (विलंबिन् , lit. delaying) The thirty-second
year of the cycle = A.D. ISBS.
Wi I.tr, Tel. (२co) Estimated revenue of a willage or district,
an arrangement or settlement.
ITilajaibitd, Tel. (२eceद्ध' ं ) An account according to
estimate.
W IMARsA, S. &c, (विमर्शे) Investigation, trial.
छ48
W IR
WiMo, Gu2. (*{1*tu) Insurance, a contract of idemnity, by
which one party engages for a stipulated payment to make
good to another any loss that may arise from accidents :
the premium paid to the insurer (this is a corruption of
the H. Bima, ५. v.).
Wimdmi-chithi, GuZ. (०{1भtu०{1न्थ(l४l) A policy of insurance.
WIM UKRADU, Tam. (6.])(L०फैeBrT(B) Rate.
W INAl, Tam. (6…ीॐठा) Work, action.
Winaisgycor, Tam. (6…ीॐष्ठाGe LL66-rTºr) Servants, la
bourers.
Winainar, Tam. (Guी&ठा(6ा,ठै) Artificers, ploughmen, men
of the servile or labouring classes.
WiNAyAkUnt, Tel. (२व्यं9ॐ) The vernacular form
of WINAyAKA, S., a name of Ganesa, but as a rewenue
term it signifies a certain Guantity of grain offered to that
deity at the time of measuring. _
WINNAPAM, Tel. (२०9ॐ०, S विज्ञापनं) Respectful repre
sentation, petition. _
WIPALA, vernacularly, W IPAI, or BIPAL, S. &c. (विपल) An
instant, the sixteenth part of a pal. See JPala.
WIRA, (?) Mar. A local tax or cess on persons possessing
rent-free lands. Bom. Reg. xwii, IS27.
Wirasaicar, Tam. (6.7०ठ-G6-घै) A name given to the
followers of IBasaca, or the Jangamas, the worshippers and
wearers of the Linga, a type of Siva.
WIRAI, Tam. (6धी०००DT) Seed of plants.
Wiraijal, Tam. (6…ी०ठ२DrGIT60) Land fit for sowing.
Wiraippadu, Tam. (6…hDrt-ll-TG) Sowing a field.
Wiraippu, Tam.(Gulco०D LL-I) Land on which seed is sown.
Wi RALAsrU, Tel. (२०*१ँ99) A tax or impost.
WrRATTAM, pron. WRATTAst, Tam. (GulDrTंठta) Collection
of tribute or rent.
Wirdttakhairan, Tam. (6…ौ DrrrंठGeºrT Drcठैी) A collector,
a tax-gatherer.
WIRODHAKRIT, S. &c. (विरोधकृत्।, making obstruction) The
forty-fifth year of the cycle, A.D. l86I
Wirodhi, S. &c. (विरोधी, obstructing) The twenty-thirdyear
of the cycle.
WrRUDD'HAsAMBANDHA, S. (विरूद्ध, opposed, संबन्धं, connexion)
Degree of consanguinity or relationship, within which
marriage is prohibited, extending to seven degrees, or all
connected by offerings of the funeral cake or Sapindas.
WrRUTTI, Mal. (o-])(Cः (Jum) Land, &c. granted by the govern
ment free of tax or assessment on condition of performing
any public service when reguired without pay.
 WfS
Wiruttihdram, Mal. (om(CB(ordma86aport) A person hold
ing land free of rent or tax on condition of public
service.
WisA, Karn. (२९ ँ), WisAM U, or WisAM, corruptly, WISSUM,
WEESUM, Tel. (२७ँoo), VisAM, Tam. (6.jetb) The
sixteenth part or fraction of any thing ः a weight of gold
edual to one grain of rice-corn : a measure of land egual
nearly to two acres : a share, a portion.
Wisabadi, or Wisubadi, corruptly, Jeesabuddy, Wissabady,
Peepadai, Tel. (२०००, २००००) In the ceded dis
tricts, and Telingana, under the Madras Presidency, a co
parcemary willage, of which the lands or profits are allotted
by sixteenths and fractions of sixteenths, among the here
ditary proprietors ः the rewenues of such a willage being
engaged for by some of the principal sharers, the propor
tions are allotted in the same way as the lands, so that a
distinct portion of the gross rewenue is fixed upon every
field or lot of land : a Wasabadi, settlement is therefore
identified with the settlement by fields or their individual
cultivators, and is the same as a Ryotwar Settlement : also
a tax on the profits of trade lewied in periodically settled
proportions upon the merchants, traders, shopkeepers, retail
dealers, mercantile agents, and all the inhabitants of a
village or town engaged in trade.-Madras Reg. iv. I818.
visAl, Tam. (6.j&Pe), visE, Tel., Karn. (२ल्७) A weight
in use at Madras, commonly called Wiss, one-eighth of a
Madras maund, or Blb. 2oZ. avoirdupois.
WisALU, Tel. (२॰णां 99) An elementary weight, egual to one
grain of rice.
WtsARA, or VisARA, WISARA, &c. Mar. (fवसारं, विसारी)
Earnest money.
WisARJANA, S. &c. (विसंज्ञैन) Gift, donation, dismissal : set
ting a bull at liberty on particular occasions : throwing
images of divinities into the water at the close of festivals
in their honour.
VISHA, S. &c., vernacularly, VISH, or BISH, (विष) Poison,
any poisonous substance, animal, vegetable, or mineral :
in Hindustan it especially indicates the root or juice of
the Aconitum ferox,
Tishpaddrth, Mar. (S. पदायै , a substance) Poisonous sub
stances and drugs collectively, especially those specified in
Bombay Reg. xiv. xxi. l827.
visits U, S. &c. (विष्णु) The second of the three principal
deities of the Hindus, the preserwing power personified.
Wislamubhakta, S.’ (विष्णुभक्तः) A worshipper of Wishnu in one
649
W IT
or other of his manifestations, especially as Rāmachandra
or as Krishna.
Wishnup?"iti, S. (विष्णुप्रीfत) Land granted rent-free to Brah
mans in honour of Wishnu, or to maintain his worship.
Wishnattara, S. &c. (विष्णूत्र) A grant of rent-free land for
the worship of Wishnu.
WISHTI, S. &c. (विष्टि) Labour, especially enforced and un
paid labour : also, wages, hire.
WISHU, Mar. &c. (विषु, S. egual) The eguinox, either vernal
or autumnal ; also the fifteenth year of the cycle.
Wishuca, S. (विषुव) The sun's entrance into Aries and
Libra : the vcrnal or autumnal eduinox.
WisvAsi, corruptly, WiswUssA, Gu2. (*{l*teut*tl) A land
measure, one-twentieth of a Wasd, d. v., क्रैth of a biglidः :
a nominal coin of the lowest value, ज्ळै th of a rupee.
WISwAwAsU, S. &c. (विश्वावसु) The thirty-ninth year of the
cycle.
WiT, WEET, Mar. (वीट) Blight, mildew.
WfTAM, Tam. (6.्रंठtb) A Share, a portion ; a rate.
WITASTI, S. &c. (वितस्ति) A long span measured by the thumb
and little finger extended, considered edual to I2 fingers.
WiTIKA, S. &c. (वीटिका) A preparation of pieces of Areka nut
with spices and a small guantity of caustic lime,rolled up in
a leafof the Piper Betel and used for mastication. See Pain.
WITTA,S.&c. vernacularly,WiT,orWIT,(विच्ह) Wealth,substance.
Wittagishaya, or Wittuishag/, barbarously, IWeeticeesaye,
Mar. (विच्वविषय) Riches, possessions.
WrrrAL, Tam. (6…ीं)p6b) Selling, sale.
WITTU, Tam. Tel. (Gulट्टैं), २99), WrrTA, Mal. (o-1h(oro),
WITTANAM U, Tel. (२3.ॐ ँOO) Seed of plants.
Wittara, Mal, (o-h(oro(o) A certain rent paid by a culti
vator or renter to the proprietor, or as a tax to the govern
ment, amounting to half the Guantity of seed sown.
’ittanaluःjabital, Tel. (from A. Aं\-3) A statement of the
description and guantity of seed sown by each Ryot.
Wittukal, Mal. (o-m(ंDeexpob) Rent or tax egual to a
fourth of the seed sown.
Wittumattam, Mal. (o-])(ंD22०००) Harrowing, after
sowing.
Wittuptita,Mal.(o-h(ंDa–a9s) The guantity ofgroundsown.
Wittupati, Mal. (o-])(ंDa-l2(m) An agreement between
the cultivator and proprietor, by which the latter allows
the former half the seed, and receives half the produce.
Wittupattam, Mal. (o-])(ं2a-l23०) Rent or tax egual to
the whole amount of the seed sown.
7A
 WIT WRI

Wittucali, incorrectly, Wettoocally, Mal. (o-h(ंDo-4e-b) Wi/yapurdlu, Tel. (२०98ं)०`e9) The mutual affinity
Seed and labour. of mothers-in-law.

VITTUM U DAL, Tam. (Gulgbg9५०्ठं) Proceeds of sale. WoN DRA, or ONDRA, Tel. (ंणऽ०ॐ) A fawourable assess

VIvADA, S. &c. (विवाद) Dispute, discussion, a legal dispute. ment.-Kondawfr.

a law-suit.
viva HA, S. &c. (विवाह), WEvA, WEvAHA. WEHEvA, GuZ.
(१॰uu actu८, १ष्टstu) Marriage, of which eight forms
are enumerated by Manu : l. IBrdhma, the gift of a
daughter to a Brahman bridegroom learned in the Wedas,
voluntarily invited : Tam. A?"amilai. 2. Daica, the gift of
adaughter to the officiating priest at a sacrifice. 8. Arsha
or that of the Tºishis, in which the father of the bride
WoHORo, or WoHoRo, also, OHORo, GuZ. everywhere else
called BoHRA (Guष्टuºu न्Ruष्टuरेt) An individual of a
a class of Mohammadam Indians found chiefly in Western
India, following various occupations and trades, as pedlars,
packers, glaZiers, lantern makers, haberdashers, &c. ; the
more respectable are bankers and merchants : they are
` diwided into two principal tribes denominated Sulimdni
and Ddidi.

receives from the bridegroom one or two pair of kine : Wows, Mar. (?) Race, lineage, family (it is either some cor

Tam. Porul-kol and Aridam. 4. JPrdjapatya, that of the
Prajdpatis, or patriarchs, in which the father gives away
his daughter with due reverence : Tam. Oppu, meaning
।
consent. छे. Asura, that of the Asuras, in which the bride-
groom makes valuable gifts to the father and relations of ।
ruption of or some blunder for, Wans or IWans, ५. w)
WRATA, S. &c. (व्रत) Any devout or ceremonial observance,
as fasting, offering sacrifice, or the like, voluntarily im
posed upon one's self: gifts under a self-imposed obliga
tion to Brahmans.

the bride : Tam. Arumpomi-cinai, 0. Gdindharba, that WRATwA, S. &c. (व्रात्य) A man ofeither of the three first castes

of the Gandharbas, in which the mutual agreement or in for whom the ceremony ofinvestiture with the characteristic
clination of the parties is alone necessary : this is considered cord had not been performed within the prescribed ages, and
to comprehend the Sicagyambard, in which a princess who therefore becomes an outcaste : in Tam. Wrdityan,
chose her husband publicly from a number of suitors as (culDrrrंठीu-ॐा) is said to mean a man who is born

sembled for the occasion : Tam. Kºdlor-lktittam. 7. Tºdh of a father of low rank by a mother of a higher caste : als0
shasa, that of the I?akshasas, or evil spirits, the violent one who has relinduished the duty of his tribe.
abduction of a maiden after defeating or Slaying her rela Wrdt/astoma, S. (व्रात्यस्तोम) Asacrifice performed by persons
tions ः Tam. Irakkadam (the i being prefixed for euphony), who have lost their caste through not receiving investiture,
8. Paisdicha, that of the JPisdichas or goblins, the wiola for the purpose of being again allowed to receive it.
tion of a girl when asleep or in liuttor, or of weak intellect ः WHI DD'HA, S. &c. (वृद्ध) Old, ancient, an Old man, one abowe
Tam. P6/-milai. Some of these forms are considered to be sewenty.
illegal, and the one more commonly in use is the Asura, ITruddhapadi/%, Tel. (38ं००००णं) Land uncultivated
in which presents are made to the father. from time immemorial.
ITirdhasicami, S. (from खामी, a lord, a husband) A hus vntDDHI,S. &c.(वृद्धि),in the dialects of thesouth, WRUDDI । (ri
band, but especially a first husband, second marriages being pronouneed ru), it also occurs as WAppr, and WAppi,
being allowed amongst some of the inferior castes in the Tel. (ं, ॐं) W RU DDH I, and BADDI, Karn. (ं
IDakhin. | ०३), and WA ppr, and VIRUTTf, Tam. (cuी(ंग्ढ़ॆ)
W I vAsA, S. (वि, separate, वास , dwelling) Banishment, expul । WAppf, or WATri, Mal. (o-l5) Increase,especially the in
sion from house and home. ।
crease of money, interest : various kinds of interest are
WIvoGi, vernacularly, IBi.JoGI, corruptly, IBEvJoGEE, S. &c. recognised by Hindu lawyers, as, ]. Ki/ik-rriddhi (from
(वियोगी) One who is separated from Society, applied espe S. kºdya, body) Bodily interest, explained as either the • ं,
cially to a religious mendicant who is unmarried and has advantage arising from the body of an animal pledged as ! ५:
no family ; the reverse of Sang/oji. security for a loam, or as interest paid repeatedly without 'ं
vrvvAstt',Tel(२॰& ँ99) Connexion by alfinity or marriage. reducing the body or principal : Karn., interest on money f tं
ITi//an/tudu, Tol. (२०98०ऽ०ॐc) The mutual connexion paid at stated periods ; 2. Kitliki-priddhi, (from Kitla.
of fathers-in-law. time) Periodical, payable weekly, monthly, annually, &c. : ५:
570
 WRI
it is most usual in practice to compute interest by the |
month : in Karnata this term is explained, the usual in-
terest on money left to accumulate (apparently the mean- । WRITTI, S. &c., in the south, WRUTTI, in Hindustan changed
ings of this and the preceding being interchanged) ;
8. Chakra-criddhi, (from Chakra, a wheel) Compound in
terest, interest upon interest; 4. Kdritd, or Kdrikd t;riddhi। are I. 7?ita (true), Lawful gleaning ; 2. Amrita (im
(from Kaira, act) Stipulated interest, interest at a stipu
lated rate higher than the usual rate, or without regard to
the legal rate ; छ. Sikha-criddhi (from Siklid, a lock of ।
hair, as growing continually), Interest at a usurious rate,
payable daily ; G. IBhogalaibha (from bhoga, use, and
|labha, getting), Advantage accruing to a creditor from the
use of any article handed ower to him as security, as the
usufruct of land, gardens, beasts, &c. ः other terms occur ।
more or less adopted in the dialects, as, JDharma-criddhi,
ILawful interest ; Ang/dya-criddhi, Improper or usurious
interest ; Vidana-priddhi, Moderate interest; Parama
oriddhi, or Pard-oriddhi, Interest at the highest legal rate:
Samdni-priddhi, Interest at the usual or a moderate rate ;
T74staud, or Wastacikti-priddhi, Established, just, or cus
tomary interest.
Priddhā-४rdddha, S. (वृड़िश्राङ्ग) An offering to the manes ।
celebrated on any joyful occasion, as at the birth of a son.
or the like.
WRrHAsPATi, S. (वृहस्पति) The planet Jupiter and its regent,
the preceptor of the gods.
Wrihaspati-pāra,S. &c.(from वारं, a day) Thursday,dies.Joris.
v RINDA, S. (वृन्दा) The Tulasf plant, the holy Basil (Ocymum
sanctum), personified also as a nymph belowed by Krishna :
a creation of very modern times.
ITrinddoama, vernacularly, J?’inda gan, and, vulgarly, IBin- । the Spaiddha, or obseguial rites is of especial efficacy.
drabam, S. (वृन्दावन) A town near Mathurit, fabulously । Wt; RTTf, Woo RTw, (?) Tel. A measure of land.
the site of a forest in which Krishna, as Gopala, or the
cowherd, passed his youth, associating with the cowboys
and milkmaids attached to the cattle g raZing in the forest :
at present there are but few trees and no pasturage, and
probably they mever were there : a raised platform or altar
ofearth in a house in which the followers of Krishna plant
and preserve the Talast or Wrinda.
WRISHoTsARGA, S. &c. (वृष, a bull, and उत्सर्गे, letting go)
Letting a bull go loose at certain ceremonies, as at mar
riages, obseguies, &c. ; the bull is considered sacred, and
wanders about unmolested and unappropriated.
WnrrHADANA, S. &c. (वृयादान) An improper gift, and one
that may be annulled, or, if only promised, not performed,
?ं)]
WWA
as gifts to courtesans, wrestlers, panegyrists, or money lost
_ at play, &c.
to BI RT, ५. v. (वृत्तःि) Maintenance, means of livelihood
profession : the proper means of subsistence for a Brahman
mortal), Unsolicited alms ; B. Writa (deadly), Solicited
alms, begging : in time of distress he may have recourse
to 4. Pramrita (very deadly) Agriculture ; 5. Satydinpita
(true and false), Trade, traffic ; the last kind, (]. Snºa oritti,
or dog-maintemamce, that is, Servitude, should newer be en
gaged in : the term means, also, a customary allowance,
fee, or perduisite, a grant of revenue from a small tract of
land made by Zamindārs to indigent Brahmans : lands
assigmed to Zamindārs, or appropriated by them for their
| personal support : a particular tenure in Gorakhpur and
।
। Benares of the nature of a dependent tddluh, granted by
a great revenue proprietor to the head man of a willage :
in the Tamil countries it is applied to the portion of land
held in joint proprietary or Mirdsi right by Brahmans.
। Writtichhed, Mar. (वृतिच्छेद, from S. छेद, cutting off) Con
fiscation of a patrimony, deprivation of a hereditary office,
। any taking away of the means of subsistence.
। Writti-jjaird, or IBirt-ijdrd, Beng. (P. 9'-') A grant ofland
। in perpetual farm made by a Zamindār to some person for
| his maintenance at a stipulated amount of revenue payment.
। Writti, or IBritti-mahdbrdlimant, Hindi,&c. (वृत्रिमहाब्राह्मणी)
। Fees and presents received by a Brahman who conducts
funeral obseduies : fees received as of hereditary right by
a body of Brahmans at Gaya, where the performance of
_
। WyAnHiortARA, S. &c. (व्यभिचार) Going astray, doing wrong,
profligacy, adultery.
Wyabhichdrina, S. &c. (व्यभिचारिणी) A loose woman, an
adultresS. _
WyAr f, Mar. ('क्याही) The father-in-law of one's son or
daughter ः the two fathers are so termed respectively to
one another, and to their child's mother-in-law (S. cirdi/{,
connected by marriage),
WwAJA, vernacularly, WyAJ, BrAJ, or W IAJ, S. &c. (व्पाज) In
terest, usury.
I’/a;/{{, I'//ंja, I?/aji, Mar. (व्याजाज, व्याजू , व्याजी) Bear
ing interest, a loan, a debt.
I'//{jhat/ticani, or Wyājphaildicam{, Mar. (व्याजकटावणी,
 WyA
व्याजपेलावणी) Making out an interest account, calculating
the interest at different periods on Sums on either side of
the account, and drawing out the balance.
Wydjbadd, or -battd, Mar. (व्याजषटा -द्वा) A general term
for the items of the business of a banker or money
lender.
W?/djbhar{, Mar. (व्याजभरी) One deeply in debt, whose
whole resources are absorbed in the payment of interest.
ITi4ju, Gu2. (*{1श्tuं2) Lent or borrowed at interest.
Widjhhor, Gu2. (०{l५ucvvitu२) A usurer, a money lender.
WwAJwAM U, Tel. (॰ण`8ad8ंGo) A dispute, a law-Suit.
?//{jyarthadu, Tel. (यश्8श्8ंC) A suitor, a litigant.
WwAPARA, vernacularly BwAPARA, S. &c. (व्यापार) Business,
affairs, trade, occupation, profession.
Wydjpdri, vernacularly, IBydpdri, &c. S. (व्यापारी) A trader,
a dealer, a man of business.
WwASA, S. &c. (व्यास) A celebrated sage, the reputed arranger
of the Wedas in their present form.
W?/dsanthole, (?) The model of a hand said to be carried
in procession by the Lingaits, in commemoration of the
alleged amputation of the hand of Wyāsa.
J?/disokta, S. (व्यास, and उक्तः, said) A class of Brahmans
in Bengal said to have been constituted Brahmans by the
appointment of Wyāsa.
WwASANA, S. &c. (व्यसन) Wice, dissipation, profligacy.
WwAwAHARA, vernacularly, BwoHAR, BwoU HAR, H. ५. v.,
S. &c. (व्यवहार), WEvEHAR, WEw EHAR, GuZ. (११८॥२)
Affairs, business, worldly occupation, as trade, profession,
&c. : but especially judicial procedure, practice of the courts
of law, administration of justice, both civil and criminal ः
law-suit.
W?/acahdra-cishaya, S. (व्यवहारविषय) Object or title of
legal procedure : according to Manu the titles or subjects
are l8 : I. Rindiddina, Contraction of debt ; 2. Vikshepa,
Deposit, bailment; B.Asmcdmicikraya, Sale without owner
ship or authority ; 4. Sambluttya samuttludna, Concerns
amongst partners ; छे. Dattdpraddinikd, Resumption of
gift ; 0. Wetandidama, Non-payment of wages ; 7. Samacid
'/atikrama, Breach of agreement ; 8. Krayacikraं/d
musaya, Rescission of sale and purchase ; 9. Sicttmiptt
layor ricdda, IDisputes between master and dependant ;
10. Simd cicdida, IBoundary disputes ; ll. Waikptirush
3/a, Defamation, abuse ; l2. Danda ptirusha/tt, Assault;
l8. Sreya, Theft ; I4. Sdhasa, Wiolent seiZure of property,
robbery ; 1छे. Strisan//ralia, Adultery ; l(G. Stri//undharma,
572
WAD
Duties of man and wife ; 17. Daiyabhdga, Partition of
inheritance ; 18. Dyuita, Gambling : these titles are some
times differently classed, and a few are added, as Wyara
/tdra mdtrika, Legal process in general ; Sakshya, Oral
evidence ; Dekhgya, Written testimony ; JDitya, Ordeal ;
Abhyupetya susratsha, Contracted service ; and Prakir
maka, Miscellaneous.
Wyaoaladri, Wyacalidrika, S. &c. (व्यवहारी, व्यवहारिक) Re
lating to law or judicial procedure : a suitor, a litigant :
an adult, one who is of age to manage his own affairs,
one who is engaged in the active occupations of life.
Wyacalidri Jyotish{, barbarously, IWymoharee.josee, Mar.
(S. व्यवहारी ज्योतिषी) A Brahman who, besides the duties of
daily worship, conducts the ceremonies of initiation, mar
riages, and, in some places, funerals, and keeps the kalendar ;
he is entitled to certain fees and perguisites which he may
dispose of to others ः in some cases he also discharges the
duties of the Dharmddhikdri, having authority to inwes
tigate alleged infractions of caste, to prescribe penance,
impose fines, and sentence loss of caste.
WyAwASAwA, S. &c. (व्यवसाय) Labour, effort, active occupa
tion. WEvAsAwA, or WEwAsAw, Mar. (वेवसाय) Buying
and selling trade, traffic WyAvAsAvAstU, Tel, (*89
०५०GO ँoo) Agriculture, cultivation.
WyAwASTHA, corruptly, Bww USTAH, By w USTER, barbarously,
Wy wAUST, S. &c. (व्यवस्या), W I wASTIIA, or WEvASTHA, or
WiwASTHA, &c. Mar. (विवख्या) Separating, setting apart;
settlement, arrangement: a written opinion on points oflaw,
with citation of the original texts on which it is based, given
by Hindu law Pandits.
Wyacasthd patra, S, (पच, a leaf) The written dictum or
opinion of a Hindu lawyer.
WvAwA, S. (व्यय) Expense, outgoing : the twentieth year of
the cycle = A.D. l820.
W.
WABAsTAH, H. (P. *५~';) Bound to, connected with, de
pendant upon t a dependant, a relation, an adherent.
IIdbastagi, H. (A~～~～';) IDependence, connexion, adherence.
WADA, H. (A. ४ocy), WAwADA, Mar. (वायदा) A promise, an
agreemeut, an engagement, especially with a fixed term,
a farm, a contract.
IIddaband{, H. (.*****;) An agreement, especially for
the paymeut of money at a stipulated period.
 WAD
Wadaddr, H. ()lesce) One who is bound by an engage
ment, a contractor, a government officer responsible for the
collections of a Zamfndārf, a farmer of the revenue.
Wadaddri, H. (.9lesce) Farm of the revenue of a dis
trict, making a contract or engagement.
Wadakhildfi, H. (A. -G}5-, contrary to) Breach of pro
mise or engagement.
Wiyade-chitthi, or-rohhd, Mar. (वायदेचिट्ठी,-रोखा) A writ
ten engagement, especially with a specified term for its
fulfilment.
WADA, or W IDA, H. (A. 8e;) Depositing or entrusting any
thing to another.
Waditit, H. (A. ५-श्ae9) A deposit, a trust, any article or
property given in charge or trust to another.
WAI)ARA, WADARf, Mar. (वडार्, वडारी) A low caste, or a
member of it, whose chief occupation is killing rats and
vermin.
WADf L, Mar. (वडील) An ancestor.
IWadlopdrjita,Mar. (वडलोपार्जेित, from S. उपार्जितं,acguired)
Amassed or ac५uired by one's ancestors, property, &c.
Wadlo, Wadlig,Mar. (वडलो, वडली) By or through ancestors.
WAFA, H. (A. ५) Faith, fidelity, keeping a promise or en
gagement, a conditional or Security sale : see Baia-bil-ngafa.
WAGU2AsHTA, H. (P. &ंl39}) Released from attachment or
distraint, relieved from assessment, remitted.
WAHABI, H. (A. ८३५-;) A follower of the doctrines of an
Arabian reformer of Mohammadanism, Shaikh-ul-IWahdb,
who attempted to reform many of the abuses that had crept
into the religion, especially the practices of the Shfas ः in
India it has become a term of abuse eguivalent to infidel
or umbeliewer
WAHi, corruptly, WWHEE, Mar. (वही) A stitched book for
accounts, of which seweral are kept by bankers and mer
chants, as the Kachcha-foal.i, rough cash or day-book;
JPakka-foahā, daily cash-book or journal, shewing receipts
and disbursements ; Wakl-ngahi, a register of handis or
bills drawn, accepted, and paid ; Jarijar-mahi, in which
an account is kept of goods given to a broker for sale ;
Chiththa-foaht, a letter-book ; Wydj, or Wajuk-mcah{,
interest account-book, &c. : it is the Bahi of Bengal, g. w.
WAIIIB, H. (A. ५+~*!;) A giver, a donor : in law, one who
executes a deed of gift.
WAHiL, WAHEL, Mar. (वात्हील, वाहेल) Tillage, cultivation.
Wahil, Mar. (वाहील) Cultivated, not waste.
WAHIwAT, Mar. (वहिवाढ) Administration, management.
छंछ8
WAJ
Wahiicatddr, Mar. (वहिवाटदाग्) An officer entrusted with
the conduct of any important business, as the government
of a province or collection of the revenue : the represen
tative or manager of the affairs of an individual, especially
in his absence.
WAH M, H. (A. y) Opinion, imagination ः in law, suspicion,
doubt, notion of the improbability of a charge, or doubt
of the ewidence.
WAIRAN, Wi RAN, H. (A. J)9) Desolate, depopulated, waste :
a village under the head man of a different willage.
Wairdna, H. (AG),५) A deserted or desolate place.
Wairdin-hherd, H. (JA4% from S. खेट) Deserted site of a
willage.
WAJA, (?) Name of a military and agricultural tribe in
JKattinydr,
WAJAB, H. (P. ५---9) A space of nine inches.
WAJप्तः, H. (A. A-9) Cause, motive : face, appearance : also
P. and H., wages, hire, Salary.
Wajahat, Wajuh, H. (A. ५~s५-१॥ *;#-9 In law, personal
respectability, credit.
Wajhd, H. (l4-9) Salary, pension.
Wajja-ā-hdl, H. (Je-A-9) Mode of living state of cir
cuumStances.
Waj !-ā-kiraia,H.(५),**-9) Ground-rent, charges forlodging.
Wajath,Wigjithdit,corruptly, Ojoohat, H. (४9#-9x ५-५०;#-9. pl.)
Salaries, allowances, wages: extra collections by Zamfndars
for personal expenses ः in law, pleas, reasons, or grounds of
appeal ; also the summing up of the judge, with the grounds
of his decision.
Wujithat-ā-kh4-nacisi,H. (U~५*cx०5-, government writer)
Aformercess on account of the salaries ofgowernment clerks.
WAJIB, H. (५-~～-';) Right, proper, necessary.
Wijib-al-4rg, H. (A. cAAllo--ly) Lit. Fit for or worthy
of representation : a petition, a written statement or repre
sentation, a written agreement ः in the north-west pro
vinces it designates what is considered to be the most
important of the documents relating to the willage admini
stration, describing the established mode of paying the
government revenue, the actual shares or holdings, whether
held in severalty or in common, and how separation or
re-allotment takes place, the powers and priwileges of the
Lambardārs, and how elected, what extra items of collec
tion are recognised, the rules regarding fruit and timber
trees on the estate, and how irrigation is maintained ; the
appropriation of waste lands, the willage servants and their
* 7 B
 WAJ
fees, and the pay of the willage watchmen ः it should be,
in fact, a complete view of the organi2ation of the willage,
and is to be attested by the signatures of all the Lambar
dārs and as many of the shareholders as choose to sign,
and by the signatures of the Patwarf and Kanungo : it
should be read aloud in open court in the hearing of the
subscribing parties and the settlement officer, and be ap
proved and signed also by him : the term seems to have
been superseded of late years by Khemgat.
Wijib-al-katl, H. (A.Jºuk--~～-}) Deserwing death, capital,
as an offence.
Wājab-mitt, Mar. (बाजबमिती) The true time : the actual
date of an occurrence set down in a bond or other docu
ment, either before or after its happening.
WAJ.JHA, Mar. (वश्रा) A man following the double occupa
tion of blacksmith and carpenter.
WARP, H. (-*;) A beguest for religious or charitable pur
poses, an endowment, an appropriation of property by will
or by gift to the service of God in such a way that it may
be beneficial to men, the donor or testator having the
power of designating the persons to be so benefited.
Wakf.ndma, H. (P. 4.०७, a document) A written deed of
endowment
WARHAR, Mar. (वखार) A warehouse, a store-room.
Wakhdrd4r, Mar. (वखारदार) A store-keeper.
WAki H. (A. ह्);) Happening, occurring.
Waikia, H. (A. &ंb) Event, occurrence : news, intelligence.
Wakdid, H. (A. eं;" plur. of Wakaa &श्39) Events, oc
currenceS, newS.
Wahdid-nacis, or-nigdr, corruptly, IWalel-negar, Wahe
megar, H. 9\ं- U~ं;'e9a from P. macts, a writer, or
mijar, an inspector) A remembrancer, a recorder of eventsः
an officer on the royal establishment under the Moguls,
who kept a record of the warious orders issued by, and
transactions connected with, the sovereign, in the revenne
department ः an officer of this denomination was also at
tached to the Nd2ins or provincial governor, who reported
to the principal remembrancer at the court the particular
revenue transactions of the province : any communicator
of official intelligence.
Wathanicis, or -mis, vernacular form of the preceding, Mar.
(वाकनिवीस -नीस) An officer on a great man's establish
ment, the manager of the household and chief caterer, a
sort of major-domo : under Sicaji the IWaikanis was one
of the eight principal ministers whose duty it was to keep
छै:छ4
WAIL
the private journal, records, and letters, and to superintend
the household troops and establishment : any news-writer
or intelligencer (but little known in this sense).
Fil-ngaikia, H. (A. &~～'9lcं) In fact, truly, actually.
WAKf L, WUKEEL, often read WA Kf I, WUKEEL, WAGf L, cor
ruptly, WAoUEEL, H. &c. (A. O५%) A person invested
with authority to act for another, an ambassador, a repre
sentative, an agent, an attorney ः in India, an authorised
public pleader in a court ofjustice. Ben. Reg. xxvii. I8l4.
Act xiii. 1888. Mad. Act wii. I843ः amongst the Marathas
also the hereditary assistant of the JDes mukh : a cess im
posed to meet the expense of entertaining a Wahil.
IWahalat, or Wahdilat, corruptly, Wajualut, H. (A. ५-49)
Representation, agency, attorneyship, the office ofa Wakal.
Wakalat-mufridat, H. (A. from e,ं-०, single, simple)
Special agency limited to some particular transaction.
II7ahalat-ndma, Wakalat-ndma, H. (P, &०७, a document)
Credentials, letter of authority, power of attorney.
Wahāl-mutlak, H. (Gle० c)४*y) A plenipotentiary, a repre
sentative with absolute powers.
WARI.A, WUKLA, (?) Mar. A bullock-load ofgrain.
WAL, or WALA, H. (A. c"; । '),) Used only in composition it
denotes a person who does any act, is possessed of any pro
perty, is charged with any duty, &c., as, rakh-rodld, a
guard or guardian ; gdo-rodld, or grottld, a cowkeeper ;
ghar-ndl4, the master of the house ; Dilli-n’tild, a man
or inhabitant of Dehli, &c. ः (its origin is uncertain, but it
is probably from the S. adjunct odin, in the sense ofhaving,
possessing, as dhana-ctin, having wealth, wealthy : in Te
lugu it becomes cttdu, or foddu.
WALA, also WrLA, A. (},ं, lita proximity, kin, friendship)
In Mohammadan law, a peculiar relation voluntarily esta
blished, and conferring a right of inheritance on one or
both of the parties so connected : it is of two kinds.
IWal4-atakat, or -niamat, (from ?ंंe , manumission, or
७…~~x ं, favour) Relationship between a master and a
manumitted slave in which the former inherits any pro
perty the latter may acguire after emancipation.
Wal4-mun’tilat, A. (from ५-')x०, related persons) The con
nexion arising out of mutual friendship, especially between
a Mohammadan and a convert. See Mauld.
WALAJAH, or WALAsHAN, (s५-}}, ७-3}}, from P. ५b, su
perior) High in rank, noble, of great dignity.
WALA, (?) A Rajput tribe forming the ruling tribe in Katiwar.
WALAD, WULUD, H. (A. A;) A son.
 WAIL
Walad-maghrair, A. 99*०.५;) In law, the son of a person
who has mistaken the condition of the mother, as begotten
on a female within the prohibited degrees of relationship
without his being aware of it, or on a female slave sup
posing her to be a free woman : in the latter, the child is
the property of the master of the slave, but the father may
redeem it.
Walid, H. (A. AJ}) A father. Walida, (४cN}) A mother.
WALAGBETH, (?) Dues claimed by the Padhain, or head
man of a village.-Kamaon.
WALAND, GuZ. (stu&t०९) A barber, a village barber.
WALI, H. (A. G?' A master, a friend, a prince, a saint :
in law the term indicates the relation, natural or legal, in
which one person stands to another, as a guardian, a trustee,
protector, or the like ; also, the person entitled to exact
retaliation for personal injury or murder committed upon
a kinsman or connexion.
IWalidhad, H.(AA+._};) Am heirespecially toa sowereignty,
the heir apparent, a vicegerent, a deputy.
Wali-bdid, H. (A. A4ं , remote) A legal guardian of a
more remote degree than father, brother, or uncle.
Wali.jabir, or -majb{r, A. 9****- An authori
*U**+.A)
tative guardian recognised by the law.
Wali.jindyat, A. (ं७--J;) The next of kin, or other person
entitled to exact retaliation for offences against the person
of a relative, or of one under his charge.
Waliniamat, H. (A. ५-~***७) A title of respect desig
nating a father, a patron, a benefactor.
Wali-ud-da?m, A. (Fell4) A person entitled to exact re
taliation, or the price of blood.
WAJ.fT, Mar. (बाळीत) Ejected or turned out of a caste : out
caste ; also, sub., the expulsion of one from his caste.
WALRAs, (?) GuZ. A spot of land in a jangal prepared for
tillage by burning the bushes and brushwood and leawing
the ashes as manure.
WALsARI, (?) Mar, A sandy soil, a variety of the Tamri,
copper or red Soil.
WALU wAN, (?) Mal. A class of agrestic slaves in Malabar.
WAyr, H. (P. '9) IDebt, either lending or borrowing, a loan.
Wandar, H. ()lo--') A debtor, a creditor.
W4mkhrcdh, H. (P. *'*-';) A creditor.
WANGi, Mar. (वानगी) A sample, a specimen, a portion of
grain or goods exacted by the hereditary officers of a wil
lage, portion of produce presented by the lessee to the lessor
of a garden, plantation, &c., a portion of an article given
p* = *
8D:Dं9
WAR)
to the officers of the customs, ower and abowe the duty, as
a perguisite : a tax on grain, &c., brought to a market,
originally granted to the person opening it, but reverting
to gowernment.
WANf, Mar. (वाणी, S. वणिज) A particular caste, or member '
of it, usually a retail dealer : a grocer or corn-chandler, the
JBangya of Bengal.
WANJARA, or WANJARf, Mar. Gu2. (वंजारा -ग्री) A parti
cular caste, or a member of it, carriers of grain : see
Banjaraः the same caste, but following a different occu
pation, makers of coarse hempen cloths and bags.
Wanj4r, Mar. (वंजार) A camp or company of IBanj4ras.
WANTA, or WATA, corruptly, WAUNTA, Mar. (वाँटा, वाटा,
the H. Bag, Bat4i, S. Wata, Panta) Share, part, portion,
division ः also Wanta, g. v.: in GuZerat it denotes lands
either exempt from assessment or held at a guit-rent, chiefly
by Rajputs, although sometimes by JKolis and Mohamma
dans ः the tenure is prescription of remote antiguity without
any deeds or grants.
7inteddr, Wantehari, IWinteli,&c.Mar. (वटेिदार, वटेिकरी,
वटिली, &c.) A sharer, a divider, a partaker.
IWantam{, or Wantiं, Mar. (वांटणी) Distributing, apportion
_ ing : a Share, a portion.
W4ntmi-bab, Mar. (from बाब, an item) Items of shares of
assessment to be divided among the cultivators.
774ntnipatra, Mar. (S. पच, a leaf) A writing or document
exhibiting the proportions in which patrimonial or other
property is to be distributed.
WAR,WARI, also WATf,and BATI,or BAEf,(H9},५.9}, fromS.
वाटी) An inclosure, a garden, a house, a dwelling : seeWada.
Wairkure, Mar. (वाडकुडे) A yard round a house.
WARA, (!) Gu2. A portion of land assigned to each member
of a JKoli willage at a Guit-rent.
WARAN,or WARAN,Gu2.(२tu२U, from the English'warrant’)
A writ, an order for the apprehension of a criminal.
WARAT, Mar. (वरात) A marriage procession, an assignment
on the revenueS. See IBardt.
WARHi, or WAD'Hf, Mar. (वाढी) Surplus (ofgrain, &c.) given
by way of compensation in returning a guantity borrowed.
Wdrh4-dirhi, Mar. (वाढीदिढी) The practice of borrowing
or lending grain, &c., on condition of receiving back half
as much again, more or less.
WARID, H. (A. 9b) Coming, approaching. _
Wdridait, H. (५-'9' , plur. of 99 Ewents, occurrences,
circumstances.
 WAR
Wdrid-86dir, H. (A. Je५०9';) A guest, a traveller.
WARf L, or WApf L, Mar. (वडील) One from whom a person
descends, an ancestor, an elder, a superior, the head of a
family.
Warilpana, Mar. (वर्णीलपण, from वरंील, best, and पण, affix,
implying the abstract, as 'hood,'&c. in English) The rights
and privileges of the eldest member or head of a family;
also those of the eldest son, primogeniture (the first word is
only a warious reading of the preceding, substituting rfor p),
Warilparampard, Mar. (वडीलपरंपरा) Line or succession of
amcestors.
WARIS, Hः &c. (A. ५*9'), WARASU, Tel. (ॐॐC) An heir
any one having right of heritage.
Warga, or Wirga, H. &c. (A. *9, Warasd,
Mar. (वारसा)
Wijasu, Tel., Karn. (•T॰ॐKCO) Heritage, an inheritance,
a property acduired by inheritance or beduest, any claim
or title to property.
Warga, or Wir:4-dir, H. 9'e:9;), Wairisddr,or Warseddr,
Mar. (वारिसदार, वारसेदार), Warasuddr, Tel. Karn. (न्य`ं
Kooं) An heir, a proprietor by hereditary right.
Wargandma, or Wirigndma, H. &c. (*atiं99, वारिसनामा)
A document setting forth a claim to inheritance.
Wardsat-ndma, or Wardsat-ndma, incorrectly, Werasut
nama, H. (P. &०'ं) A deed or document, either in proof
of the distribution of an inherited property, or of being
legal heir of the deceased.
Wir48at, H. (A. ५-्');) Heritage, hereditary right, receiving
by iiheritance, the condition of being heir.
WARKAR, (!) Mar. A sort of money-lender amongst the
Marathas, freguenting the weekly markets and lending
small sums of money for short periods at a high rate of
interest (from frdra, or rdra, a day).
Wdrkari, (!) Mar. A cess or tax lewied on the preceding
class or money-lenders.
WARKAs, Mar. (वरकस) Common denomination for the inferior
grains, for all except rice and the kinds of pulse : it is
also applied to the dry cultivation, and to the lands on
which it is carried on.
Warhas-jamim, Mar. (from P. ७*9) Land suited to the
cultivation alone of the inferior grains.
WARRU, () The name of a tribe in Katiwar.
WAs, Mar. (वस, also Os सोस, ५. w) Desolate, forsaken, as
•a village : uncultivated, as land.
WAs, GuZ. (ct3a) Division of a JKoli willage under its own
head man.
**
560
WAS
WAsi, corruptly, WUssEE, H. (A. …. ०) A testator, one
who commands, recommends, or beuueaths any thing ः an
executor, an administrator, a guardian, meaning one ap
pointed by will, in distinction from the Wali, or natural
guardian.
IWasdia, IWasiat, H. (A. *:५०;, *४~;) A precept, a com
mand : in law, a will or testament defined to be the en
dowment of any thing or person with his property by an
individual, after his demise : a will can convey away only
one-third of the testator's property, except with the consent
of the lawful heirs, and in the order of discharge, legacies
comeafter liguidation ofdebts,before the claimsofinheritance.
Wasiat-ndma, corruptly, Wasayout-ndma, H. (P. &-८७ a
document) A written will or testament ः the will.
WAsf KAT, A. (ं,) A compact, an agreement, a bond, a
written obligation.
WASIL, H. &c (U~', from J-2;) Joined, connected, attached,
realiZed : as a rewenue term it implies the amount of re
venue collected : it formerly denoted, in Bengal, the amount
of all collections from additional Sources, as from the an
nexation of territory, assessment of lands previously rent
free, or resumption of assignment : in Bombay, the total
amount of revenue received in the last or a recent year
from any portion of land.
Wisilat, H. &c. (e“-'-०}}, plur of J-०'9), IWisalat, Mar.
(वासलात) Collections of revenue from every head of receipt,
the proceeds of an estate, mesne profits of land ः in Mar.,
also, the line having part of the letter my at the head, drawn
across the paper containing rewenue accounts, as the de
signation of papers on that subject.
Wasildit-patra, Uriya (७५॥ंीRl६०१) Account of revenues
collected.
W4sil-bdhi, H. &c. (G५ c)~';) Collections and balance,
an account shewing the amount of revenue realiZed, and
the remainder outstanding.
Wasil-bdhā-kharch, H. (A. ट्*ि-, expense) An account for
merly kept shewing the amount of revenue assessed, the
portion realiZed, the balance outstanding, with the deduc
tions for charges of collection: it was drawn up at the
close of the year at the settlement of the revenue accounts.
Wasttl, H. &c. (J;~;) Wasitl, Mar. (वमूलं) Collections,
rewenue, rent, &c. : money annually realiZed by gowern
ment, proprietors, or bankers.
Wastilbdhi, Mar. (बमूलबाकी) Collection and application or
administration of the rewenues.
 WAS
TWasaild4r, Mar. (वमूलदार) A collector of revenue.
IWasa{li, Mar. (वमूली) Wielding a good rewenue ; also an
inferior officer employed in the collection of the revenue,
likewise Wasttlyaः (वमूया),
IWash;lngdsttl, Mar. (वमूलवामूल) Rewenue, rent (compre
hensively), the collection, appropriation, and management
of it.
WAsf LA, H. (A. *.५५9) Prop, support, means, mediation,
intervention.
Wasiladdr, H. ()'es'~;) A client, a dependant.
WAsfi-BrL-NIKAH, (?) H. (ski J ५ c).५०) An agent or
negociator in effecting a marriage (? if the first term should
not be IWahāl, or W6xit).
WAsrrA, incorrectly, WASTA, WASTAH, H. &c. (A. Ala.})
Any thing or person intervening, as an agent, a broker, a
middle-man, one who contracts with a dealer to supply
him with goods manufactured by others, also Wasitagdr,
and Wastdmi, and Wasitaddir, corruptly, IWastahddr.
Wdsitataluh, H. (A. J*da-०b) A dependent tadluk, one
subordinate, not toa Zamindār,but to a superior Tadlukdair.
WWAsK, A. (G“) A load of corn, a horse or camel load.
WAr, Mar. (वाट) A road, a way. See Bat, and Wat. _
IWaidddi, IW6tadyd, Mar. (वाटाडी -डमा) A guide, one who
accompanies to shew the road.
IWatndrgā, Mar. (वाटमागीं) A traveller, a wayfarer.
Watmdryd, Mar. (वाटमान्या) A robber. a highwayman ; also
Wapada,and Watpddya(वाटपाडू, वाटपाड्मा), See B4tpar.
WArAN, WUTUN, incorrectly, WUTTUN, H. &c. (Je9, वतन)
Country, native country, place of residence, home : amongst
the Marathas it has come to import any hereditary estate,
office, privilege, property,or meansofsubsistence, a patrimony.
IWatambandhu, or TWatambhdiं, Mar. (वतबंधु, वतनभाज) A
co-heir, a joint inheritor, also a fellow hereditary officer,
one who holds an office jointly with another, a brother
JDesmukh, a fellow Patil, &c. ; many of the district and
village offices, with their emoluments, being held conjointly
by more than one individual.
Watandar, Mar. (वतनदार) The holder of a hereditary right,
property, or office, with the privileges and emoluments at
tached to it.
Watanjapti, Mar. (वतनजघ्नी, from A. ३ab{{ U**** , sei2ure)
Produce of rent-free lands or other emoluments of here
ditary officers seguestrated by the government.
IWatampatra, Mar. (S. पच, a leaf) Title-deed of hereditary
property. _
557
WII,
Watani, Mar. (वतनी) Pertaining to a property or Watan,
privileges, emoluments, deeds, &c., obtained by inheritance
or purchase, held in one's own right. -
Watamrudrं, Mar. (वतंवाडी) A patrimonial estate, patri
monial lands and tenetments.
WAwEw LEv, (?) GuZ. The privilege lands granted to village
servants and officers.
Waceyleekdra, (?) GuZ. Willage servants and artisans hold
ing rent-free lands.
WAZiA, WAZIAT, (A. *४-39, ***) Trust, deposit ः a depnsitः
a deduction : in the revenue accounts of the Mohammadan
government it designated the authorised deductions from
the gross revenue on account of dismembered territory and
legal allowances to the Zamindars, Sce Mulaharjj and
-Maskurdt. ___
WAZiFA, H. (A. &ंA8%, plur. Wagdif -े'9) A pension
a stipend, a grant of land rent-free, or at a guit-rent, to
pious persons, or for past services ः revenue collected at a
stipulated or fixed rate for a certain guantity of land.
IWagifa-ddr, H. 9leंA8%) The holder of a pension, or of
a ient-free grant of land.
WAZN, or WAZAN, H. &c., in the Hindu dialects, WAJAN,
or O.JAN, (A. J99, वजनं, or, Beng. C2jan ७ञ्जन्ग्) Weight,
weighing.
IWa।2nd4r, H. &c. 9'Aं;) A weighman.
IWasmhash, H. (Uं;) A weighman, one who weighs the
grain of the willage : it appears to be used sometimes
laxly for cash-keeper or money-weigher.
IWasmkashi, corruptly, IWo2umkushed, H. (७*9;) The
office dues or perguisites of the village weighman.
WAZi R, WUZEER, sometimes WAZf R, incorrectly, WrZIR,
WiZIER, H. &c. (A. Aj9, वजीर) The principal minister
in a Mohammadan sowereignty.
The office of prime minister.
IWacdrat, H. &c. (A. c_29}}})
WiGU, or Wfo HU, less correctly,WidA, or WidA, GuZ. (*{1शुं।,
*{1धु , no doubt a vermacular corruption of IBijhd) A land
measure in Katiwar, the sixtieth part of a Santa, said to
measure I00 yards by I0 : the Gujarathi Bijhd is egual
to284ं Suuare yards.
WILAwAT, H. &c. (--~:}}, विलायत) An inhabited country,
a foreign country ; applied by the natives of India to
England especially, sometimes to Europe generally, and
to Persia and Turkey.
IIild/ati, or Wildyati, H. (_ं}}) Foreign, European: the
name of an aera current in Orissa commencing A.D. 502ं.
7 c
 WIN
WrNDARI, or VINDARI, Mar. (र्विदारी, from S. fवदारणः, split
ting) The name of a easte, or a member of it, said to be
sprung from a Kshatriya mother and Waisya father, whose
occupation is drilling beads and pearls, and polishing
shells, &c.
WoDALA, WUDDALA, (?) A class of Mohammadans on the
coasts of Gujarat and Kach, manning either trading or
pirate boats.
WoLLA-DHARMA, (?) Mal. A private gift to a temple or
religious establishment.
WoRABAT, (?) H. Inheritance.-Shahabad.
WoRRAH, (?) Tel. A well lined with cylinders of coarse
earthenware.-Northern Sarkārs.
WosAoN, Hindi (बोशाचोन) The winnowing of grain.
WoUSH, (?) Mar. Race, family, generation (a blunder, no
doubt, for Wams or Wams).
WowANDKARf, or OwANDRARf, Mar. (वोर्वडकर्णी, सोर्वडकररी)
A person cultivating land in a village, but residing in, and
belonging to, another.
WUDIAwAR, WooDERAwAR, (?) probably for UprwA, or
URIwA-vADU, Tel. A man of the Udia or Orissa country,
considered as of a low caste, and employed especially in cut
ting stones and digging wells and tanks in the Northern
Sarkātrs.
Y.
WA, pron. JA, Beng. (पl) A husband’s brother’s wife. .
WAD, H. &c. (P. e५) Remembrance. Mar. (याद्) A memo
randum, a Scrap, a little account, a note addressed to an
edual on official Subjects.
*ंid-disht, H. &e. (c~~～'ee५, from P. Jंle, to have)
ETatddsta, Tel. (००७ष्यं) A note, a memorandum, a
memorial, a petition, a certificate.
WAcHITA, S. (यावितः, lit. asked) A particular form ofdeposit,
in Hindu law, in which the holder of the deposit may
have the use of it.
Hºdichitaka, S. (याचितक) An article deposited or lent
for use.
WADRICHCHHIKA-PUTRA, S. (यदृच्छिक -पुच:, from यदृच्छा, of
one's own accord or will) A son who offers himself for
adoption.
WADU, S. &c. (यदु) An ancient Hindu sovereign, eldest son
of Wayāti, and founder of the race of Hadus or Kºddapas
*aducansa, S. &c, (यदुवंश) The race of Hadu, a name
558
WAJ
borne by seweral Rajput tribes who pretend to trace their
descent from this prince.
WAFT, H. &c. (e-º५, from P. ७*५, to find) Profit, gain
fees, perduisites, as,
*ंft-i-Sabahdar, the income or revenue of a Subaladdr, or
JNarudb.
]14ft-ā-khidmat, corruptly, Hंft-hedmat, H.(from c.~~०A3-,
• service) Attainment of office or employment, fees or pre
sents paid on the grant of an office or jurisdiction, as of
a Zamindārf.
WAGA, S. &c. (याग) A sacrifice, an offering, an oblation.
WArsin, or Arsir, Karn.(ं9o२९ ँ) Rice used for the first
crop : the first crop of rice.
WAJAMANA, S., and in most dialects modified as WAJMAN, ver
nacularly, AJMAN, IJMAN, corruptly, WIJMAN, EEJIMAN,
EJHAMAN, or WEJAMAN, (यजमान) A person who employs
a priest or priests to perform for him either fixed or occa
sional religious ceremonies : as he is usually a householder,
it has come to signify also the head of a family or household,
a chief a head man, a master, the head of a caste, tribe,
or trade: it is sometimes applied to one of several asso
ciated in the employment and payment of priests for a
sacrifice; the office of family priest is sometimes hereditary,
and the Hajamdna has no power to change him as long
as he performs his functions efficiently ः in some parts of
the Tamil countries the Hajamdn, or Ijamam, as head of
the community, has peculiar powers and rights : he dis
tributes the lands when held in common according to fixed
rules among the cultivators, and holds a parcel of land
rent-free, as well as appropriates the Mirdisiddrs’ grain
fees ; no sales can be made, nor strangers allowed to settle,
without his sanction, sometimes singly, sometimes in con
junction with other head willagers; his land and emoluments
are hereditary privileges, not grants from the state, and are
transferable by sale, gift, and the like.
*ajamdn, or Ejamdin-7rdmam, Tam. (LLetarTCठैी,
eीDTruata) A village where the lands are cultivated in
common, but under a distribution made by the head man :
also a willage which is the property of a single individual.
See JEkabh00am.
*ajamdm-mdmiyam, Tam. A grant of rent-free land to a
respectable householder.
Hajamana-kritya, S. &c. (यजमानकृत्या) What is to be done
in the family of the patron or master of a ministering priest,
astrologer, or the like.
 WAJ
Hajamanā,Mar. (S. यजमानी)Theprincipalorpresiding person
at a marriage feast or other entertainment amongst Sttdras.
Hajama, S. &c. (यजन) Sacrificing, offering sacrifices, either
personally or by competent ministers, on one's own account:
the duty of the three first classes.
H6jana, S. &c. (याजन) Conducting sacrifices or ministering
for others : the exclusive office of the Brahman.
Hajna, S. &c. (यज्ञ) A sacrifice, performance of a sacrifice,
offering of libations of Soma juice, or oblations of butter.
Fajna pasa, S. &c. (यशषशु) A victim, an animal offered
in sacrifice. _ contrivance.
Fajnopacita, S. (यज्ञोपवीतं) The cord originally worn by
the three first classes, but now of right only by Brahmans :
the ceremony of investiture.
WAJUsH, S. &c. (यजुम्, in composition Hajur, as Hajur-peda)
The second of the four scriptural authorities of the Hindus.
WA K, (?) The chaumri-tailed ox of Tibet (Bos or Poephagus,
grunniens).
WAR, H. (P. ७८५) One : more usually Ek, ५. v.
WAKSHA, S. &c. (यछ्) A sort of demigod, especially attendant
on Kugera, the god of riches.
Hakshina, S. &c. (यक्षिणी) A female Haksha, attendant on
Kuwera and Durgā, but often holding intercourse with
mortals
WALAyr, or WALAM, incorrectly, WAI.IUM, (?) Public sale,
auction, a lottery (a corruption, apparently, of Wildm).
WAI.AvALLoR-KUTAM, Tam. (LLirT५:6-l69०corrघै'Geyt--- WARLAN, read also WERLUN, WERLINALoo, (?) Mal. The
Lth) The Gandharba form of marriage, union by mutual
consent.
WAMA, S. &c. (यम) The Hindu ruler and judge of the dead.
Hamadamshtrd, Mar. (S. यमदंष्ट्रा:, lit. Hama's teeth) The
last eight days of the month 4snin, and the whole of
JKartik, considered as a period of general sickness.
HTamadroitiyd, S. (यम, and द्वितीया, second) The second
of the light half of Kartika, when brothers and sisters
exchange gifts and honours (in allusion to the attachment
of Hama and his sister Hami),
WAyrA, corruptly, JAMAwr, and ZAstUsr, S. &c. (याम) A
watch, an eighth part of the day, or period of three hours.
WAsffN, H. &c. (A. ७**ं) An oath, a wow, an adjuration by
the name of God, or by such of the diwine attributes or
other terms ordinarily employed for the purpose.
Hamin-ghamं, A. (००;**; perjury) A false oath, wilful
perjury concerning an affair past.
*amin lagh0, (G*J, inconsiderate) A rash or inconsiderate
559
WAT
oath relating to past ewents, one the swearer hastily believes
to be true although in fact false. _
Hamin munakid, or makad, A. (from Aं.०, or e*श्-०,
bound, from AFe) An oath or wow concerning some future
matter which should be kept unless sinful, in which case
it may be broken, subject to expiation.
Hamin:faur, or Hamin:fir, A. (from )9, haste) A sudden
oath or wow, one made upon an emergency.
WANTRA, S., in all the dialects, Sometimes pronounced JANTRA
(पंच) A machine, an instrument, an engine, any mechanical
Hantrakaram, Hamtrikan. Mal. (KoCOc86)port, CouCं)
८86ीrt) An engineer, an artificer, a mechanic.
WAR, H. (A. J५) A friend.
Chdrydri, H. (P. ५9५,५ी- from _9५तः- four) A sect of
Mohammadans who venerate egually the four Successors
of Mohammad : a silver coin or rupee hawing the names
of the first four khalifs on the margin.
WARA, H. (P. 9५) Toll, tax, revenue.
WARA, Karn. ( ॐ) A loan.
WARAKAI.APA, Tel. (०ऽo-vॐse)*०) Implements of husbandry.
WARAPU, also ERAPU,Karn. (०ऽoॐं)) Aloan withoutinterest.
WARDf, Mar. (पारदी) The hereditary assistant of the De8
pandyā ः in general Harha, and Hardd, are applied to
men and animals of little walue or estimation.
WARGHAMAL, corruptly,ERUGMAL, H.(P. J५्9ं) A hostage
name of a class of agrestic slaves in Malabar.
WAsAwAL, H. (P. U}५५) An officer of parade, one carrying
a gold or silver staff a state messenger.
WATA ,wArAwU,KarnTel(०Gव्ठै,०ंग` ॐoo)An engine on
the primciple of a lever for raising water for fieldsorgardens.
JKaiyata,Karn. (ठै5०ऽब्6) An irrigating machine worked
by hand.
JK4gadayaita, Karn. (ठाळxॐ०ऽऽाळ6) A paper-mill.
WATHARTHA, S. &c.(ययाघे) Truly, rightly, correctly, accord
ing to the sense or object.
WATHAwoowAM, S. &c. (यथायोग्यं) Suitably, fitly, as it is
proper or right.
HTatheshtha, S. &c. (यथेष्ट) According to desire, as it is wished
or commanded.
WATf, or also, vernacularly, JATf, S. &c. (यति) An ascetic,
the member of the fourth order of the Hindus ः in common
use applied especially to a religious teacher of the Jains.
WATiM, H. (A. *ं) An.orphan, a ward : it is applied in
 yAT
Mohammadan law to a child whose father dies before he
or she arrives at maturity, although the mother. be living.
WATRA, S. &c., also, vernacularly, JATRA (याचा) Going about,
travelling, but especially travelling to places of reputed
holiness, pilgrimage: a periodical festival in honour of some
idol to which its worshippers resort : a company of pil
grimsः in Bengal, a dramatic representation.
ITat;radab{, Mar. (याचडबी) Proceeds of the votive offerings
by pilgrims in a temple.
PAtrakaru, Hatrahari, or Hatrelarं, Mar. (याचकरू, याचे
करी, याचेकरू) A pilgrim.
F%tr:, or Jaitri, S. &c. (पाची) A pilgrim.
Haitrotpanno.corruptly, Hatra ootpum,S.(याचोत्पन्न) Fees paid
for the privilege of erecting stalls at places of pilgrimage.
WAUTARA, or WAUTUKA, S. (यौतकं, यौतुक), WATUKA, Beng.
(पलूक) A nuptial gift, presents made to a woman at her
marriage, becoming her property; a marriage dower or por
tion ; also, a gift to a youth or child at any of the
initiatory ceremonies or Samshdras.
WAUM, H. &c. (A. (ं) A day.
Haum-al:fitr, H. (A. Acal)ं) The day of breaking fast,
after the fast of ftamasdn.
Haum-al-inhitdd, A. (gued)ं) The day of cessation, the
day on which any thing terminates : in law, the last day
on which any one who has become possessed of property
illegally may restore it, or make compensation to the owner.
Haum-ul-karr, H. (A. 2ं'Aं) The day of rest, the day
after the sacrifice of the tenth of Zilhijjah, when people
repose from their labours. _
*7aam-um-mah?’, H. (A. 9-",ं) The day of sacrifice, that
is, the tenth of the month 2ilhijjall, or the festival of the
IBakr-id.
Haumid, corruptly, Heomiah, Heomca, H. &c. (५-२ं) A WERKULLEvAR, (?) Tel., probably for EItUKUwADU, plur.
daily allowance to pensioners of any kind.
HTaumiaddr, H. &c. (P.Gle, who has) A daily pensioner
or grantee.
WAwA, S. &c., vernacularly, WAU, or JAU, (यव) Barley, a
barley-corn, especially as a rudimental measure of length.
WAwANA, S. &c., vernacularly, WAvAN, or JABAN, (यवन) A
foreigner, applied originally by the Hindus to the Ionians
or Greeks, but in later times to Arabs and Europeans ः in
Tam. the plur. laranar (LL6-lcorºr) implies all kinds
of artificers, also the lowest class of Mohammadans.
WAvANNA, or WAwANNA, (?) Tam. A fee in money paid to
the collector or manager of the revenue.-Tinnivelly.
छे00
WER.
WEDARU-CHiTU, corruptly, WEDRooNo0Dw-CHIT, Karn.
(०ॐbॐcoa#e&3o) A counterpart agreement, an engage
ment given by the tenant of an estate held tinder lease or
montgage to pay a consideration annually for its occupancy :
also a writing given by the purchaser of land to the pro
prietor, engaging to give it back on receiving his money
again within a stipulated period. See /9daru-ch{tu
WEDURU-GATTU, Tel. (Co*००xं) Throwing a dam
across a canal or river : also I9duru-dattu.
Hedara-badisanadu, Tel. (CGod oं9ao००ॐ०) A sanaa
or agreement passed by one to another in discharge of the
original sanad or grant t more properly, IEduru, &c., ५. v.
WELLAwADU, more correctly, ELI.AwApU, corruptly, WELLA
wAIR, Tel. (9g,यंॐC) lit. The boundary man, a village
servant, usually of a low caste, who looks after the village
boundaries, distributes water, and acts as guide to travellers.
WELMI, (?) Tel. A class of cultivators in the northern Sarkārs,
who are often soldiers, and affect to be regarded as Rajputs.
WENUKA, also, WENUKA-CHIT, more correctly, ENUKA, cor
ruptly, WENNUCK, WENNEK, WENKE, WENNUCK-CH IT,
ENNACK, (?) Mal. A document of various application, but
connected with the transfer of landed property ; as, a cer
tificate or acknowledgment from the owner to a lessee or
mortgagee that he has let or mortgaged his estate ; autho
rity to such lessee or mortgagee to transfer his interest to
another ; or in the event of sale or mortgage to a third
party by the owner, a deed of notice or apprisal of the sale,
and directions to the occupant to receive the amount of
his claims from the purchaser : also, a counter document
given by the occupant to the proprietor announcing his
having transferred his interests in the property.
WERi, (?) Mar. Black soil.
ERUKUvANDLU,and thesame as those corruptly termed WER
KELwANLoo,WERA-KEDI,WERA KELLoo ( Boe७०ऽंOयणंC)
The designation of a wild migratory tribe who subsist on
game and all sorts of flesh : they make and sell baskets and
mats, and are considered as outcastes: both men and women
pretend to be fortune-tellers and conjurors : they are also
said to be called Koorshe-mpanlo0, Herkel-nanloo (icainlu,
or, more correctly, rdndlu, being only the plur. of cddu),
Hera-kedi, and Herakelloo, but to be known amongst them
selves as Kurru : they are possibly the same who appear
among the praedial slaves in Kttrg under the name of
Herricanroo, i.e. IErra-cttndlu, ? red men, or Heraru,५•v
 WER
or Herlam, or Erehlem, (?) also specified amongst the ser
wile races of Kitrg.
WEBRACHAKKU,morecorrectly,ERRACHAKKU,Tel.( 9ं9,
from 9ं, red) A red sort of soil containing a small
पuantity of lime.
WERRAH-wALLERoo, (?) Tel. A division of the shepherd or
Dhangar tribe in the northern Sarkārs.
WERwADDw, (?) A Ryot who cultivates land in a willage in
which he does not reside. 6th Rep. 882 : (corruption of
A _
some derivative of Er, (Tam.) a plough, as Erdlar,
ploughmen.
WEs, Mar. (येस) The gate of a village (preferably Wes, or
Wes, वेस).
Heshar, Mar. (येसकर) A village servant, the porter or gate
keeper, who performs also other duties, and is usually a
Mhar (preferably Weshar),
WHTUBATTE, Tel. (व्3-ॐ७६)Tं) A canal cut from a river :
&.D
(from Eru, ५. w).
WEvARU, or more correctly, EvARU, (?) Mal. The designa
tion of a tribe of praedial slaves in Ktirg, of whom several
।subdivisions are specified, as Pama/-Hemcaru, Punjay
Hemparu, &c.
WoGA, S. &c. (योग) Abstract devotion, by means of which
।superhuman faculties are supposed to be acguired ः it is
one of the schools of Hindu philosophy, but, in common
use, is the practice of magic or supposed magical rites :
in law, collusion, fraud : wealth, or its acduisition : an as
sembly or court of Brahmans, which took cognisance of
religious matters.
Hogi, S. &c., in various dialects Jo//{ (योगी) A follower
of the Hoga philosophy, a practiser of ascetic devotion,
in common use, a religious mendicant, and reputed conjuror
or magician : there are warious orders or sects of Hogis :
the name of a Hindu caste, usually weawers.
Hogalishema, S. &c. (योगक्षेम, from योग, gaining', and छेम,
preserving) Property, possessions ः having property, being
well offः in law, especially property assigned for the per
formance of religious ceremonies and accomplishment of
benevolent objects, as constructing temples, reservoirs, &c. :
also, transport or custody of goods, and charges on that
account.
Hoginā, S. &c. (योगिनी) A female devotee : a female fiend
or divinity of an inferior order, often associating with
human beings, and usually working mischief
WUDDHAPRAPTA-DAsA, S. (युडं, war, प्राप्तः, obtained, and
छ01
ZAB .
दास, a slave) A slave by reason of having been taken in
battle. _
WUGA, S. &c. (युगः) An age, especially a subdivision of a
great age, or aggregate of four Hugas, which are severally
the Krita, or Satya-āyuga, the Drodpara-yuga, the
Treta-lyuga, and the Kali-'्/uga, the duration of which
is severally computed at years I,728,000, 1,206,000,
864,000, and 482,000, making a Maha-yuga of 4,320,000
years : the world is now (l854) in the year of the Kali।
age 4056.
WU KTI, S. (युक्तःि) Union, connexion, fitness : in law, the reason
of a thing or argument, consistency given to a passage of
law by the determination of its sense or purpose : also
usage, custom.
WUwARAJA, corriptly, JoB-RAJ, S. &c. (युवराजा) The young
Raj6, properly the eldest son of a Rāja who succeeds to the
Raj by the right of primogeniture ; but it is also applied
to a young prince associated with his father in the govern
ment before his death.
Z.
ZABARDASTf, H. (P. ५*~99) Wiolence, force, oppression.
ZABITA, in the Indian dialects, JABITA, or JABATA, H. &c.
(Ale:L3, जाबिता, जाबता) A rule, a statute, a law ः esta
blished practice, usage. Tel. (ं श्99) A list, a roll.
ZABH, H. (A. de) Killing an animal, either for Sacrifice or
food, according to the prescribed manner, by cutting the
vessels of the throat so as to exhaust the blood, and in
voking the name of God : where circumstances render this
impossible, as in killing wild animals or game by shooting,
the eating may be allowed.
2abih, H. (A. 6ं) Sacrificed, a sacrifice.
Zabih, H. (A. 6'9) A sacrificer, a butcher.
ZABT, ZUBT, also 4ABTi, ZUBTEE, vernacularly, JUBT,
JUBTEE, JUPTEE, JUPHT, H. &c. (a4-3, J***, जबत,
ज्ञाप्नी) Occupation, seizure : in law, attachment, distraint,
seguestration, taking lands under the management of the
government officers : land which had been held free but
has been subjected to a money-assessment.
2abti, vernacularly, Zupti, Z५fti, Jabti, Jafti, Japti, cor
ruptly, Zebty, H. (A***, जषती, जघ्नी) Seguestrated, at
tached, applied to lands taken possession of by the govern
ment officers, or to rent-free lands which have been sub
jected to assessment : in Bengal lands were so designated
7 D
 ZAD
which had been resumed from Jagir grants by Jaijar
_Khan ः in the north-west prowinces the term is applied to
the assessment in money on lands in which the more valu
able products are raised, as Sugar-cane, tobacco, cotton,
esculent vegetables, and the like.
2aft, or Japht-aminu, Tel. (ं,e२०ऽC) An officer sent
to seduestrate estates.
2afti, or Japhti-patta, Karn. (from H. tं) A document
conveying a title to land or houses sold under distraint
to the purchaser ; and Watam-2abti, or -japti, Mar. (see
Watan) Produce of lands seguestrated by the state, an
item of revenue : in GuZ. the lands once exempt, now sub
ject to assessment.
Joptiddr, Mar. (जनीदार) A bailifi, an officer employed to
execute an attachment.
ZAD, H. (e);) Food, provisions, especially such as are taken
with him by a traveller setting out on a journey.
ZADAH, H. (P. se);) Born, a child, used chiefly in compo
sition as Shdh-2ddah, a prince, a king's son ; Shdh-2ddi,
a princess: IWaram-2ddah, ofillegitimate birth : used as a
term of abuse, rascal, scoundrel.
%AHR, H. (A. As) Mid-day.
3ahr-nam42, H. (A. 9५े , prayer) Mid-day prayer.
ZAia, H. (A. ४५3) Lost, destroyed. JAwA, Tel. (च`oंगं)
Loss, damage.
ZAIF, A. (–ं9) Light or clipt money, current but not re
ceivable at the public treasuries.
ZAtta H.(A J५ ं) Appendix, supplement to a letter or book,
the margin of a book with annotations ः the lower margin
of a Zamindārf grant, in which the names of the lands
हranted are recapitulated : any supplementary detail of par
ticulars.
ZA KAT, vernacularly, JARAT, H. (A. ५-9) Alms, contribu
tions of a portion of property, obligatory on every Moham
madan possessed of capital: it is received by the Imaim and
is payable by him to the poor and needyः the proportion
is Properly a tenth, but it may be increased to any amount,
according to the piety of the individual : the term literally
signifying purification, is applied to the Zakat ; because
the alms, &e. given, sanetify the use of the remainder.
ZAMAN, or ZAMN, A. (७५-3, JA-3) Surety, bail, security
in general, answering or being surety for another, either
for person or property : according to the Shias the term
is restricted to security for property, whilst K५filat is that
applied to personal bail.
502
ZAM।
2amanat-ndma, H. (P. &०७ , a document) Adeed of surety
by which a person makes himself answerable for the debts
of another.
Zaman-ba-alidat-us-:amant,A.(LAAJl c“-•eae ५.७५-3) Se
curity for the fulfilment of a bargain of sales on the part
of the wendor.
Zamudin-b'il-dark, A. (c2).५५ ७५-3) Bail for accidents, for
any contingency, or for any undefined amount.
2dmin, vernacularly, Jamin, H. &c. (७०५3), Jdmin, Mar.
(जामीन) A surety, a security.
2amini,vernacularly, Jamini, or Jamini, H. &c (A. ८_*८.3)
Suretyship, becoming responsible for another, eithar for
person or property, distinguished as
Fil-४dmini, H. (A. 9xi, act) Security for good conduct, or
for a person's refraining from any proscribed offence or
misdemeanor.
IIdgir-2dmini, H. (from 9-3- , present) Being surety for
a person's appearance.
JMail-2dmini, H. (from J-९, wealth) Being surety for pro
perty, as for the payment of any pecuniary obligation.
Zar-3dmint, H. (P._) , gold) Surety for money payment.
Zanjir-2dmint, H. (from P. A*9, a chain), Jamin-sain
khali, Mar. (from सांखली, S. शृखला, a chain) Chain se
curity, a number of persons binding themselves sewerally
or jointly for each other, joint responsibility of the culti
vators of a willage or district for the whole rewenue, or for
money borrowed of a banker.
Janjarbandi.jimina,Karn.(&०add०००९&ग्व् २०ऽC) Bond
or bail for a prisoner : (Reeve, but juere if not the same
meaning as the preceding).
Warttantik-2dmin, Mar. (from वर्त्तुशूक, conduct) A surety
for a person's submitting to the decision of a Panchaiyat,
though it should be against him.
Jaimin-katabd, or -kadabd, Mar. (जामीनकतबा -कदबा, from
A. ५-"*, a book) A security bond.
Jaiminki, Mar. (जामीनकी) Suretyship, security.
Jdminddr, Mar. (जामीनदार) A surety.
ZAMiN, ZUMEEN, vernacularly, JAMiN, JAMf, H. &c. (P.
७*9 ॥ जमीन् जमी) Earth, the earth, land, ground, soil, &c.
Zamin-baib, H. (A. ५-*५, an item) Relating to land.
Zaminddr, Zumeenddr, vernacularly, Jaminddr, Jamādar,
Jamiddr,corruptly, Zeminddr,H. &c. (७*-9 , land, and),le _
who has or possesses, जमीनदार, जमीदार, &ं२9यवँ) An oc
cupant of land, a landholder : the rights of the Zam८{ndair
have been the subject of much controversy with reference
 ZAM
to his character as hereditary owner of the land he occupies,
or as the responsible collector only of the revenues on
behalf of the gowernment. Under the Mohammadan ad
ministration the latter was the capacity in which the Za
mfndār was ordinarily considered, and the chief authorities
never hesitated to exercise the power, when they possessed
it, of turning out a Zamfndār and placing another in the
Zamindārf, whence theone in possession was termed Samadi,
or 4hk(imi, the Zamfndar by patent or command. Whilst
managing the lands and realising the rewenue the Zamfn
dār was allowed a fee or commission of ten per cent. upon
the total collections, and a portion of the land was exempted
from the revenue assessment to the extent of five per cent.
on the collections, under the denomination of Vaimkdr,
being intended for the personal support of the Zamindār
and his family ः further deductions from the stipulated
amount of rewenue, termed Mathaut, were also allowed, to
cover warious charges borme by the Zamindar : on the other
hand, he was empowered to levy internal duties and cus
toms on articles of trade passing through his district, and
to impose petty taxes, or -4brgdbs, on the cultivators, in
addition to the portion of the public revenue demandable
from them individually : on his relinguishing the manage
ment of the Zamfndart, or being removed from it without
cause of grave offence, it was customary to assign him, as
JMdlikdma, ten per cent. on the Sadr collections, or the
same rate on the nett collections when held hh4s, or
managed by the government officers direct. But although
in these respects the Zamfndar appears to be a represen
tative of the state, employed to realise and transfer to the
public treasure mine-tenths of the revenue, and to be nomi
nated or removed at pleasure ; yet the practice ofhereditary
Succession, and the right to mortgage and sell, partook
more of the tenure of ownership, and extensive tracts came
to be held by successive generations of the same family,
through more or less protracted periods, in some instances
apparently from a date anterior to the fiscal regulations of
the Mohammadan gowernments : in the decline of the latter,
also, many Zamindārts which were held originally under
a special grant were converted into hereditary proprietaries,
and the Zamindārs, appropriating by fraud or force very
extensive districts, assumed the state of chiefs and princes,
and were sometimes powerful enough to resist the authority
and withhold the revenues of the state. The guestion of
right was, howewer, Set at rest in Bengal, IBahar, and Orissa,
छ08
। allowance made to him when set aside.
ZAM
in I798, by the terms of the perpetual settlement, which
recognisedZamindars and independentTalukdars as "actual
proprietors,” enjoying their estates in absolute ownership
as long as they paid the government rewenue, or nine-tenths
of the fixed nett proceeds of the lands, and liable to dis
possession in case of failure, by the sale of their lands at
public auction. Ben. Reg. wiii. 1798 ; iii. l794; w. 170छ ;
ii. xxwii. l808. The same measure was subseguently
adopted at Madras, and Zamfndārs were designated as
proprietors of land, along with other classes with whose
rights and recognition, as was afterwards explained, it was
not intended to interfere. Mad. Reg. xxv. I802; ii. I806;
iw. 1822. In the Upper Provinces, Zamfndāris sometimes
occur which are held by an individual in absolute pro
prietary right, the most common instances of such tenure
being where the right has been ac५uired by purchase, and
especially where this has been effected at public sale for
arrears of rewenue ; but the more usual form of Zamfn
dārf tenure is where the lands are held by a number of
coparceners, thence termed Mufassal or village Zamfndārs,
who hold and manage the willage lands in common : the
rents paid by the cultivators, whether those cultivators be
the proprietors themselves or tenants holding under them,
together with all other profits from the estate, are thrown
into a common stock, and, after deduction of the govern
ment demand, and other expenses, the balance is divided
amongst the proprietors according to a fixed law. Ben.
Reg. ii. I79ं, &c. From the circumstance of one of the
number of such coparceners representing the whole, as
responsible for the gowernment revenue, the designation has
been given to him especially of Zamfndār, or IMalik-2a
minddr, but he is a Zamfndār only by wirtue of the share
or Shares he holds in the joint proprietary : the designation
of Sadr or Pargama-2amindair, denotes merely a Zamin
ddr, or Talukddr, in the sense of an individual proprietor.
In the Maratha provinces the term Zamindar was applied
indiscriminately to the local hereditary revenue officers,
whether of the districts, as Desmukh, Despande, and others,
or of the willages, as the Patil, Chaughala, and Kalkarani.
Zamān-ddrdin, H. (plur. of Zamindar) Feudal tenures of the
nature of conditional Jagfrs conferred on certain of the
frontier Zamindārs of Bengal by the Mohammadan go
vernment.
Zamānddrdina, H. (ं]'A५-9) The pay of a Zamfnditr, the
 ZAM
Zamindairi,wernacularly, Jaminddr{,corruptly,Zemindarrj/,
H. (.9'A५-9) The office and rights of a Zamfndār : the
tenure ofa Zamfndārf, whether individual or coparcenary : the
tract of landconstituting thepossessions of a Zamfndar or of
coparcenary Zamfndārs: itmoreusuallydesignates theformer.
Zaminddr-hastir-talsil, H. (A.)94-, the state, and U2~ः
collections) A Zamfndar in the ceded Provinces formerly
paying his revenue instalments to the collector of the Zila,
and charged with the superintendence of the police in his
Zamfnditrf. Ben. Reg. xxv. I808.
Zaminddri-luissaddri, H. (A. &-3~,a share, P. ५.9'e , having)
A Zamfndarf held in shares, described as a village or estate
in which the sharers cultivate separately, and raise the go
vernment revenue by a bdichh : the lands are not divided
amongst the sharers in proportion to their shares and in
terests in the willage, and no sharer can have his share
separated except by decree in a ciwil suit : the term is
regarded, however, as somewhat ambiguous.
Zaminddrā-patta, H. (ं, a lease) A document granted by
gowernment in recognition of the possessions of a Zamfndār.
Zaminddri-sanad, H. (A. AA.) Deed or patent granting
a Zamfnditrf.
Zamindair{-rasum, H. (A. P)", " fees) Cesses or fees levied
by a Zamfndar.
Zaminddrt.jam4, H. (A. cº--) The amount of revenue
which the holder of a Zamfnditrf engages to pay to the
government.
Zam{nddr{-chauhā, H. (_*-"
a station) A post at which
the officers of the Zamfndar formerly collected tolls and
customs on goods passing through his estate.
2amindari-daftar, H. (Ase, a record) An office established
by the IBritish government in Bengal in I772, in which
all grants of Zamindārfs, Taluks, &c., were prepared and
registered, as were mortgages and transfers of the same :
the record and accounts of a Zamfndārf.
Zaminddrā-muchalka, H. (A. *45-*, an agreement) An
obligation entered into by a Zaminditr on receiving the
grant of a Zamindārf, engaging for the due observance of
its conditions.
Zam inddr-jam/iddir, H. 9'A~**-9le99-9) An officercharged
with the preservation of the peace and administration of
justice in the town of Chandranagar, upon its capture from
the French.
Zamin-hdibil-2ardiat, H. (A. c५५, fit; ५--499a cultivation) |
Cultivable land.
छे04
ZAN
| 2am{n-khirdji, H. (A. हेश्- tribute) Land paying tribute.
| Zamim-ma2rud, H. (A. 899* ॥ cultivated) Tilled land.
Zamin-nacisं, H. (P. ७“टै;' writing) An office for the
registry of estates and transfers and mortgages of land.
Zamin-५ftada, H. (P. ४cUGl, fallen) Waste land, land left
uncultiwated.
Jamin.juml4, Mar. (जमीनजुमला, from A. 44-) Lands and
tenements, a whole estate.
Jaminjhdrd, blunderingly, Zumeen-ihara, Mar. (जमीनमकाडा)
A descriptive paper or roll of towns, willages, lands, &c. ः
one of the willage accounts shewing the extent and distri
bution of the lands.
Jamān-mojant, Mar. (जमीनमोजणी) Survey of land.
Jamān-nagis, or -nās, Mar. (जमीननवीस -नीस) The officer
that inspects the soil, crops, &c., and fixes the assessment.
Jamin-sirastd, Mar. (जमीनशिरस्ता) Rate of land, the rate
of assessment established after survey.
Jaminujhaditi, Jaminujhddi, Karn. (ed२०९.CCCCoceटै,
&g२०९ऽcॐCoव्८०) A particular account of the produce of
a Zamfndārf or of the gualities of lands belonging to a
willage.
2amin-sangjama-fodsil-bal:{, H. (S. c3-%५५, together with)
An account of the lands of a willage, of the rewenue as
sessed, and the state of its reali2ation ; one of the willage
accountS.
ZANANA, vernacularly, JANANA, incorrectly, ZENANA, H.
(ं' ं;, from P.J;, a woman) The female apartments, used
sometimes for their inhabitants ; the females of a family.
Zandmi-2ubdm, H. (P. ७:) the tongue, speech) The style
or language of the women, differing in some terms and
phrases from ordinary Hindustani, and considered improper
for men to use.
ZANJf R-ZAMINi, less correctly, ZANJIRA, vernacularly, JAN
JIR-JAMINf, or JANJIRA, H. (P. J*•!}9**) lit., Chain
security, persons becoming mutually sureties for each other :
in some prowinces it applies especially to the different
payers ofrevenue in a willage ; ifone is in default the others
are expected to make the deficit good.
%ANN, A. (Je) Opinion, suspicion : in law, presumption
that a charge is well founded although the ewidence is
inconclusive.
Zann-i-phali', or Ghdlib-oos-gand, A. (५-Je strong)
" Strong presumption of the truth of a charge, although the
evidence does not amount to conviction.
| ZANNAR, vernacularly, JANAR, incorrectly, ZENNAR, H. (A.
|
 ZAR.
99 , जनार्) A belt, a 2one : the thread worn by the Brah
mans, and sometimes assumed by other castes.
2ammdr-ddr, H. (P. 9'e, who has) The wearer of the
characteristic thread or cord, especially a Brahman.
ZAR, ZUR, incorrectly, ZER, H. (P. Aj) Gold, money, a
money-payment, the land rewenue in money.
2ar’-anda{d, H. (P. e:AG), smeared) Gilt.
2ar-bdft, H. (P. ५-3५, woven) Brocade, cloth of gold.
2ar-d0’, H. (P.jge, sewing) Embroidered with gold ः an
embroiderer.
2ar-gar, H. (P. _%9) A goldsmith.
2ar-laharid-Taalluk, H. (P. A५,*9;, bought with cash) In
Bengal, a purchased Taluk, one bought of a Zamfndār ः
it implies generally a dependent Taluk held hereditarily
under a Zamfndār, and reverting to him on failure of heirs.
Zar-mathaat, H. (५-*99) A series of cesses imposed by
the Mohammadan government of Bengal, consisting of four
items ः I. Wagr-i-pumya, Presents exacted from the Za
mfndārs, at the time of the Punj/a or annual settlement ;
2. Balidi-ā-khilat, A charge to defray the expense of hono
rary dresses presented to individuals by the government ;
8. Pushta-bandf, Charge for keeping in repair the banks
of the Bhdgirath{, in the vicinity of J]/urshidabad;
4. Rasim-i-Nag/irat, A fee paid to the NaZir or officer
commanding the escort of the collections from the interior
to the public treasury. In the first fiscal arrangements of
the British government through mative functionaries these
charges were added to the standard collections, and carried
to the credit of the government, amounting to about one
and a half per cent. on the total assessment, and realiZing
a lac and a half of rupees : (the word is written Zer
mathote, (--'*४9ः;); and, corruptly, Z/r-mathote, in the
fifth Report, and is explained in the Glossary as derived
from the P. Zer (9ं) under, below, but it is called in
the text, p. 278, a mone/-contribution, which makes it
most probable that Zer is intended for Zar or Zur,
money),
2ar-parjouti, (?) H. Revenue, principal and interest.
2ar-i-peshgt, or Zarpeshgt, H. (P. _***५ , advance) Pay
ment in advance, a deposit or eigagement to advance
money, a bonus or premium on a lease, an advance of
money upon the farm of the rewenue : money lent upon a
usufructuary mortgage
2ar-ā-peshgi-ddr, H. (P. )'e , who has) One who has ad
vanced money.
50छ्
ZER.
Za)'-ā-sttrk/, H. (P. टr“ ॥ red) Red, i. e, pure gold, gold
in general.
Zar-i-samaim, H. (S. ७५~~, like, egual to) Purchase-money
of an estate bought at public auction.
Zar-i-tagfir-nilam, H. (A.)*G; , increase, and K' ं , auction)
Surplus of sale proceeds, balance realised over the amount
of defalcation, for which the lands are sold, payable to the
defaulter.
4ARP, H. (A. ५--2-3) A blow, striking : a stamp, an impres
sion) stamping coin : stamped, struck, as coin ; as Zarb
i-l/urshidabad, Zarb-i-4rk6t, strnck at those cities, part
of the inscription on the Sikka and Arcot rupees.
ZARURIAT, H. (P. ५“-*५)99-3, P. 99-3, necessary) Neces
saries, reguisites.
ZAT, H. (A. ५--' ं) Possessed of, master, owner : person ;
essence : (S. जाति) Sort, kind, tribe, caste, race, lineage,
family, birth. See .76t, Jati, &c.
Z4ti, H. (A. ८3' ं) Essential, natural, personal.
Jat- (for 24ti).j6/{r, or Saranjdm, incorrectly, Zat-suram
2am, Mar. (जातजागीणः, जातसऎजाम) A grant of the revenues
of lands alienated from the government rewenue in favour
of individuals, either as a personal favour, or on the con
dition of personal service ; a personal grant.
Jdt/d, Mar. (जाका) Personal, as a grant of rewenue, either
as a personal favour or for personal service.
•76t-saranjam-J6jar,Mar.(जातसरंजाम-जागीर) Grant oflands,
or their revenue, on condition of personal Service.
Zdti-, vernacularly, Jaitā-mukaddam, H. (,ं२ ८े' ं) In
Cuttack, a class of head men who, although collecting the
government revenue from the willagers, act in this respect
either as the agents of the Mil7uedr or person who is
responsible for the payment to the officers of the gowern
ment, or as the representatives of the inhabitants of the
willage, having no substantive right of their own to pay
the whole revenue.
ZATMIRAg, (?) Fees in grain allowed by the cultivators out
of the gross produce to the servile class.
ZAwAJIR, H. (A.],~'}}, plur of)#9) Prohibitions forbidden
things. Zardjir-ā-shardi, Prohibited by law.
ZAwf-UL-ARHAM, A. ('-9".*, from *, possessed of and
/*~9 । the womb) Uterine relations, kindred between whose
affinity a female intervenes ; they are considered as distant
kindred in Mohammadan law, because under the rules of
inheritance a Share rarely comes to them.
ZER-ZAMiNi, H. (.*9ं) A subterraneous chamber, one
* 7 p।
 ZEW
under (*er) ground (2am{n), intended as a retreat in the
hot weather.
ZEvETUM, Karn. (?) corruption for Jf wrTAyr, S. (जीवितं),
Means of living, subsistence.
ZIAD, ZIADA, ZIADAT, commonly, ZrwAD, Zf wADA, &c. H.
(A. e५;, ४e५;, ३e५;) Increase, surplus, more.
ZiAN, H. (A. …५;), Loss, damage.
Zidn-rca-nafa, H. (A. eं; ७५;) Loss and profit.
ZIAFAT, H.(A.७“-9५-3)A feast, an entertainment, an invitation.
ZIARAT, H. (A. ५-9५;) Pilgrimage, going on pilgrimage
to any holy shrine among the Mohammadans ः in Hindu
stan, also, repairing to the grave of a deceased person on
the third day after the burial, when the Kurfin is read and
prayers are recited, and offerings made in expiation of the
sins of the defunct ; also called Tijaः (S. tritiya) Third,
the third (day), and Phul-charhdnd, Scattering flowers,
flowers being the chief offerings.
Zidratgdh, H. (P. ४s, a place) A place of pilgrimage, a
holy spot or shrime.
Zt-HAIAT, H. (A.५-५-.se) Living, possessed of life during
life, a life-tenure.
ZI-HARं, H. (G--se) lit. Possessed of right : applied to a
class of pensions payable under treaty through the Varcab
of Farakhabad.
ZIIAR, H. (A. )'ंe) A formula of divorce, Such as saying to
a wife " Wou are my mother,” i.e. our marriage is within
the prohibited degrees, and is therefore disolved,
Z-Hi.JA, or Z1-L-HIJ.JA, H. (A. ं- .*, &नः'.४d) The last
month of the Mohammadan year.
ZILA, corruptly, ZILLAH, ZELAH, plur. ZiI.AJAT, H. (A.
el-*, plur. ५-५**) Side, part, a division, a district ः
under the British administration, a province, a tract of
country constituting the jurisdiction of a commissioner or
circuit Judge, and the extent of a chief collectorate. The
Zila Courts in Bengal and Bahar were established by
Reg. iii. l708 ; those of Benares, &c. by Reg. wii. l705;
those of the ceded provinces by Reg. wiii. l80छे; but various
modifications have been since made from time to time, some
having been abolished, some created, and the limits of others
having been altered. Act xxi, 1820. Mad, Act vii. l848.
The Zila Courts are at present as follows, according to
their usual but corrupt desigmations, and to those which
are probably more correct
I. BENGAL.-l. Backergunge (Dalihirganj); 2. Beerbhoom
(IBirbhain); B. Behar (Balidr); 4. Bhaugulpoor (IBhd
{7(}{}
ZIIL
galpur); 5. & 6. East and West Burdwan (Dardndn) ;
7. Chittagong (Shatgdon); 8. Cuttack (Katak); 9. Dac
ca (Dhdha); 10. Dinagepore (Dinajpur); II. Hooghly
(Hugli); 12. Jessore (Jaisttr); I8. Midnapore (Medi
nipur); 14. Mymensing (Maimansinh); l5. Moorshed
abad (Ifarshidabdd); l6. Nuddea (Nadiya); l7. Patna
(Pattana) ; 18. Purneah (Puraniya); 19. Twenty-four
Parganas; 20. Rajashahye (Rajashdhi); 21. Rungpore
(Ranjpur); 22. Sarun (Saran); 28. Shahabad (Shdh
4bad), 24. Sylhet (Silhat) ; 25. Tipperah (Tripara) ;
20. Tirhoot (Tirhttt). Recently the Commissionerships of
Asam, Arakan, Kachar, HAZftribfigh, and Tenaserim, have
been included among the Zilas of the Lower Provinces.
II. NORTH-wEST PRowINCEs.-I. Agra ; 2. Allahabad ;
8. Allyghur (Alighar); 4. AZimgurh (42imglar); ; Be
nares (Bandras) ; 6. Bareilly (Dareli); 7. Bundlecund
(Bundelhhand); 8. Cawnpore (Khanpur); 9. IDelhi ;
10. Furruckabad (Farahhdbad); II. Futtepoor (Fatih
pur); l2. Ghazeepoor (Ghdsipur); l9. Goruckpoor (Go
rakhpur); 14.Jounpoor (Jonpur): lā. Mynpoor (Mayin
pur); I6. Meerut (Merath); I7. Mir2apoor (Mirea
pur); l8. Moradabad ; I9. Saharunpore (Sahdranpur),
To which are to be added the Courts of the Commissioners
of the Narmadft districts and Kamaon.
III. MADRAs-1. Bellary (IBeldri); 2. Calicut (Kalikat);
8. Chikakol (Srihdhol); 4. Chingleput (?) ; घे. Chittoor
(Chittir) ; 6. Combaconum (Kumbhakonam); 7. Coim
batore (Ko/imbatitr); 8. Cuddalore (?); 9. Cuddapah
(Kadapah); 10. Gantoor (Gantair) ; II. Honore (Ho
ndicar); I2. Madura (Madhura); 13. Mangalore (Afan
galir); 14. Masulipatam (lfachlipattan) ; Iछे. Nellore
(Nelur); I6. Rajamundry (Itdjamahendri); I7. Salem(?);
18. Tellicherry (Telicheri); 19. Tinnavelly (Tinacalli);
20. Trichinopoly (Trisirapalli). There are also Agency
Courts at Ganjam and WiZagapatam.
IW. BO MBAw.-I. Thana, comprising Ratnagiri ; 2. Surat,
including Baroch ; 3. Ahmadabad ; 4. Ahmadnagar ;
छे. Candeish (Khandes?); 0. Dharwar ; 7. Poonah (Pं
na); 8. Sholapore (Solapur),
Zil4-tahsil, H. (UA4=, collection) Collection of the revenue
by an officer in charge of a Zila or district, in opposition
to the collections received by the chief European officer,
the JTacttr-ta/s{l.
Zild-4ddlat, H. (A. ५--Jloe) The chief civil and criminal
court of a Zilā.
 ZIMI
Ziladdr, H. (P.)le , who has) The officer in charge of a Zila,
a provincial gowernor, sometimes applied to the European
collector or judge, whose authority extends ower the Zila :
in the Delhi territory the title was also given to the head of
a village, who was chosen to superintend the revenue affairs
of several adjacent willages, united under him for the con
venience of revenue arrangement : in the Maratha country,
a petty revenue officer, hawing jurisdiction over Several wil
lages, comprising a tardf or other small division of coun
try subordinate to the officer in charge of a Pargana.
2ildddrं, H. (P. .9'A*५-3) The office or jurisdiction of a
Ziladdr.
2ila-kharch, H. District expenses, said, in Tirhut, to include
the cost of weeding indigo fields, and other incidental ex
penses of the factory.
ZIMAN, A. (७५-3) Recompence, compensation.
Zindn-t-atak, A. (Gºe, manumission) Extra labour per
formed by a slave as a compensation for his manumission.
Ziman-ffasdd, or Ziman-ul-if8ad, A. (०५.*, injury) Com
pensation for personal injury or damage.
Zimdn-iःjandiat, A. (ं७-, a wound) Compensation for any
act of violence against the person,as for wounds and the like.
Zim4m-i-tamallul, A. (e-is, taking possession of) Com
pensation for appropriation of property ; the indemnification
which a man who possesses only a Share in a slave pays
to his partners on setting the slave at liberty.
ZIMAR, A. ()५~3) In law, any thing uncertain, as disputed
debts, treasure-trowe, fugitive slaves, and the like : any pro
perty of which the possession or recovery is doubtful.
ZiMyrA, or ZiMyrAT, H. (A. ं) A deed of protection, an
authorised assurance ofimmunity in life and property, such
as may be granted to infidels under a Mohammadan go
vernment: also the corresponding obligation of subjection,
fidelity, obedience ; also, trust, charge, custody : a tenure
in trust, but which, by possession, came to signify a tenure
in right in some places, in others an*under tenure or a
subdivision of an estate, in which the holder is entitled to
levy the revenue due by the cultivators, and pay it either
to the Zamindār, or sometimes direct to the government :
a sub-tenure, part of a Hamudla.
Zimmaddr, H ()le:ं) A trustee, a person in charge : in
Eastern Bengal it is applied especially to the holder of an
under tenure or portion of a Zamfndārf, paying revenue
either to gowernment direct, or to a Zamfndarः it also applies
to a Zamindār who is authorised to collect, on behalf ofgo
567
ZIR.
vernment, the payments of properties in the wicinity of his
own : these dependent Taluks, or estates, are designated his
Zimma, in distinction from his own, or Wij.
Zimma-ndima, H. (&०७&३d) A deed of trust, authority to
have charge and make the collections of an estate.
Zimmarcdr, H. (9',ं) A person placed by government in
charge of an estate in arrear of revenue until it is sold.
Zimma-ndma, H. (*atiं) A deed of trust, authority to
have charge and make the collections of an estate.
Zimmi, H. (A. ॰ं) One living under protection, a client, a
dependant, especially applied to a Subject of a Mohammadan
government of a different religion, as a Christian, a Jew, &c.)
who is allowed to live without molestation on paying tribute.
Zists, corruptly, ZiMIN, ZistyrUM, ZvMN, H. (A. J*-3) The
endorsement of a grant, giving an abstract of its contents :
an abstract statement or account, a cower, an envelope, a
clause in a legal regulation : also, suretyship, obligation.
See Zamam.
Zimn-natisand, H. (P. AJo५*, let them write) A form of
words, 'let them write the abstract,’ formerly inscribed upon
a sanad granting an assignment of revenue or Zamindārf,
which served as authority for the subordinate officers to
make out the particulars of the assignment or grant.
ZIMNOTA, (?) Consideration usually received by a surety.
ZiN, H. (P. ७५j) A saddle, a horse's trappings.
Zingar, H. (P. A4५;) A saddler.
ZINA, H. (A. ७;) Fornication, adultery, any illicit intercourse
of the sexes, whether the parties be married or single.
Z4mā, H. (A. 4) A whoremonger, a fornicator, an adulterer.
ZINDAGi, orZINDAGANf, vernacularly, JINDAGf, JINDAGANf,
H. (P. 4७.9 ॰**ं) Life, means of living or Subsistence.
*
Jindag, Jindagaii, Karn. (ं० ँ?\, व्3०े7ज्e&) Trea
Sure, money.
•7{ndije, Karn. (ं8००7रं) An estate, a domain.
ZiNDAN, H. (P. ७ls) A prison, a gaol.
Zi RAA, also pronounced, DIRAA, corruptly, DIRRAH, DIREH,
H. (A. 899) A measure of length, a cubit, a yard : in the
Regulations it is considered synonymous with Ga2, g. w.
ZIRAAT, H. &c. (A. ५~e);), wernacularly also JIRAfT, and
JIRAwAT,५.v., corruptly, ZARAwET,ZERowET. Agriculture,
cultivation, farming : a cultivated farm or field : sometimes
lands not artificially irrigated ; also, Karn., a pension.
Zirdatā, vernacularly, Jiraiti, corruptly, Zerog/tee, H. &c.
(ंe);) Cultiwable arable lands ; also, sometimes, assess
able lands, Subject to assessment.
 ZOR.
ZoR-TALAB, H. (P. 9}}, force, and A. ५--4०, seeking) A
compulsory exaction, enforced augmentation of amount of
reVenue.
ZU, H. (A. ुं) A lord, a master, used chiefly in composition
to imply possessed of, as Zu-al-karmin, Possessed of two
horns, i.e. of the east and west, a sowereign : applied espe
cially to Alexander the Great.
2u-dl-'्/ad, A. (AJ be, having in hand) The actual occupant
or possessor of property.
2adt-al-Tingdl, A. (Jº-e""--',ं) Things possessed ofedui
valency, in respect of weight or measure, receivable as the
price of an article sold, as grain and the like.
2udt-al-kim, A. (,ंl ५“-'; ं) Things possessed of price,
AI)I)ITI0NS AND 00RRE0TI0NS.
A.
-fhchal, H. (c4--े)ि A water-way, a drain.
Abddi, H. (.se५I) The part of the willage lands on which
the dwellings are erected.
A। bdd-hdr?, H. (-9४०५)ि Right derived from first clearing
away and occupying land : also, adj., improving, as an
estate, increasing, as rent. { government revenue on the cattle of a coparcenary willage;
AnittstAsA-rtrRA, S. &c. (अभिमानपुच) A foster son.
ACHANDRARRAM, corruptly, AUCHENDRARKUM.
ADAst, Tam. (ं,-ta) A measure used for oil=20 padis.
ADEPApE, Mar. (सादेयाडे) Portion of grain taken by the
Pitil from each cultivator’s heap as his due.
~4d/ffr. corruptly, -4d/ar, H. A cultivator who assists in
cultivating land on condition of receiving half the crop.
-4dhikGr, vernacularly, Adhidr, corruptly, Adyar.
-1dhihdri, corruptly also Adijary, Odhecaree: in Bengal the
term is sometimes used as a family name or title, as Jabal
"israr 4dhikttri: it usually implies a Brahman descent.
APHA K, ARIIA K, also ARHA, ARH I, corruptly ARA, ARRA,
AREE, ARREE, IBen. (यीप्रदः, यiप्i, यiर्छी), In Bengal the
Arhi is a grain measure containing two maands: in some
Places it also denotes a measure of land, apparently much
the same as a /Bijhd subdivided into Karthas.
AptioLi, corruptly, ADOLEE, ADoLy, Mar. (अधोली) A mea
।sure of capacity, properly edual to half a Pdhali, or two
Scrs, but varying in different places.
7(GS
AIN
i.c. of money value, as the eduivalents of an article sold,
goods, chattels, &c.
ZUBAN-BANDi, H. (P. ७५;, the tongue, and .sA५, binding)
Deposition, affidavit, a written record of the ५uestions put
to a witness, and his answers.
Zubdm{, H. (G५;) Jabani,Mar.(जबानी) Adeposition,adecla
ration, a written as well as a gica coce statement of a claim
ZULFAkARi, H. (A. .9ंlbd) The current silver coin of
Hyderabad (from its bearing the impression of a sword, that
of Mohammad, and afterwards of Ali, named Za-alःfakar).
ZULM, H. (A. As) Tyranny, oppression, extortion, a heavier
assessment than the people can bear. _
Zalim, H. (A. Flue) An oppressor, an extortioner.
ADI, corruptly, AUDw, Tam. (ं,५+} The fourth month of the
Tamil year (July-August).
Adima-janm. The mortgage so designated is said sometimes
to imply perpetual immunity from servitude when granted
to a person of a servile caste.
AG, corruptly, AUG, Hindi (आाग) Rate levied as a share of
rate of graZing charge for cattle, that on a buffalo being
called an 40. that on a cow half an 40. and that on a
calf a Guarter Ag.-Delhi.
40ario, Gu2- (२५॥२॥ं\न्थ:।) A salt-maker.
AGRADANA, corruptly, UGURDANEE : the same Brahman is
also termed Agrasrdddlut, corruptly, U//ursradee.
AHAR ; also any piece of water. Aihari, vulgarly, 4hri, a
~ small reservoir.
AIIITAGNI, corruptly, AUHAETAGEF.
Alil-i-ladr, in the 'singः, less correctly Ahil-kdr, is also the
title of the chief native judge, whether criminal or ciwil,
in Kuch IBahātr.
AIL BATER, (?) A narrow pathway sufficient for cattle,especially
on the top of a boundary ridge or mound, whence it denotes a
boundary of such a description : a cow-road (perhaps from
A. Ail U५), a goat or stag, and H. •-५, bd', a road),
AIMA, erroneously, IMA.
-1ina-kha?' ंj, H. A grant of land bearing a ५uit-rent.
Ats, corruptly, IwEN.
 AIW
Ainat, or Ainath (?) H. Rate of assessment.
AIyAN, corruptly, IEAwER : also the head of a religious
community.
4jn4-patra, corruptly, 4g/ian-putr.
AL,incorrectly, AIL, ALL: alsoa boundary mark. See Ail-bater
Alacagulu, also read Alapoloodoo and Oologoo.
AI.AwI : also, an instalment.
Alaci-patra,corruptly,4ltyputra,Karn. Aninstalmentbond.
ALr is sometimes said to be a measure of 2' Bisis.-Kamaon.
Aliya santdina, corruptly, 4lyasantan.
AyrADA, (?) Tel. A distance ofeight or ten miles.
4mddmi, Gua. (न्ut*६u०{l) also, duty on imports.
Ayr, H. (A. Ae) An uncle, a father’s brother.
4n gdda, H. (sol3,.c) An uncle's son, a cousin.
Anamat-patti, (?) Tel. A separate account.
ANGAN ः in the S. more usually ANKANAM, corruptly,
ANKAUNUM.
ANr, more correctly, ANI (gu,०of) The third month of the
Tamil year (June-July).
ANKANAM, corruptly, ANCUNNA, Tel. (e9०$६००) A mea
sure of land, a definite Guantity of ground : a division of
a house, which is commonly described as consisting of so
many Anhanams, from three or four to between thirty and
forty : it also applies to ground unoccupied adjacent to the
house : according to Brown, it means an apartment, or the
space between two beams or pillars, which latter is also
Campbell's interpretation : the former appears to be its
ordinary meaning. _ ?rdla, ५. w.
ANKHRA, ANKRA, (?) Gu2. The total assessment of an estate,
without reference to the items of which it consists : (no
doubt from Ankliu श्tu०`थु, whole)
ANS, also a land measure = l B{si.-Kamaon.
ANSAyr, corruptly, AMSHoyf, Mal. (S. (७०००००) A part, a
share, a subdivision of a prowince, a territorial division.
ANUBHAwAM, corruptly, ANUBHOM.
ANUMATI, corruptly, ANooMATw, S. (अनुमति) Assent, consent,
permussion.
4numati-patra, corruptly, Oomamuttee-putter, Unamuttee
pottah, Unamuttee-puttur.
APAs-NAyrA, H. (U":" self, selves) A voluntary deed of ad
justment between parties.
ARAwAR, vulgarly, ARwAR : it is said also to designate a
usufructuary mortgage for a stipulated period.
4riyat-ndma, H. An engagement to return any article or
property which has been given on loan or in trust.
569 _ 7 F
AWA
ARRATf, H. (Li9) A pilot.
ARKATIA, URRUTrEEA, (?) H. A difference of 2ु Bisicas
per Bijhd between local and gowernment measurement.
GhaZipur.
ARPAN-NAyrA, H. (from S. स्रपैण, delivering) A deed ofgift,
especially to a temple or idol.
ARPAsi, corruptly, ALPPsEE, Tam. (9ंbt-leी) The seventh
month of the Tamil year (Oct.-Now.),
ARRA, ARRAR, (?) Beng. A fishery, a hole in the bed of a
river in which fish are caught.
ARTHI, corruptly, ARUTEAH.
-frgi। mugannd, H. (J*० ५.४ंr? A petition or plaint in
duplicate.
AsitAr, H. (A. ५-AA०e) Affinity entitling to a share of
inheritance : according to some authorities, to a sixth.
Asts, sometimes ASwAJA.
ASTACHI, (!) Tam. A writing, a deed, an agreement.
ATwETH, (?) Mar. Personal service exacted from the culti
wators by the rewenue contractor or gowernment officers.
4uk6t gu:dri, (.96: ५-'G), plur. of IWaht, time) Subsis
tence, allowance, means of passing one's life.
AUSAT, corruptly, OsUT, OsHUT, OsIT, USIT, (? perhaps from
A. '~; ?oas’, middle, included) Beng. Subordinate, under,
dependent, as a tenure of land, or part of an estate held
of a superior : the term is peculiar to East Bengal, and
is much the same as the Pattami, or Patni of the west.
4usat-harodla, Beng. A subordinate holding termed J7a
Ausat-taluk, Beng. A portion ofa Taluk held in subordina
tion to the entire T'dluk.
Wim-ausat-taluk, Beng. (P. (**** a half) A subdivision of
the preceding.
4ithi, Mar, (साञ्जतकी) A portion of grain per plough levied
at harvest as the perguisite of the Patil.
AwANi, vulgarly, AUvANy, AUsv, Tam. (g',6-"०००f) The
fifth Tamil month (Aug.-Sept.).
Awf RA, barbarously, OBEERA.
AwAN ः it is also elsewhere called the field into which the
rice has been transplanted.
4yakattu-alac0//ulu, (?) Karn. An account of the lands of
a willage, and of their distribution amongst the cultivators
and proprietors.
Ag/amera, corruptly, Ayameera, Karn. Portions of the
crop assigned at harvest-time to the willage Servants and
officers,
 AZM
AZMArsH, vernacularly, AJMAISH, corruptly, AJMASH
Ajmaishi-patti, or -patta, corruptly, 4jmaishy-putty. (?)
Survey statement.
B.
BAnnrA,.(?) Gu2. The mame of a tribe of Hindu cultivators
in Kattiwar, after whom the district of Babriawar is named :
seventy-two divisions of them are enumerated, of.whom
the Kotiia, Dh4nkra, and Wara clans are the principal.
BADARRo, corruptly,BUDURow, H. (P.9)ं) Adrain,asewer.
BADIGA, incorrectly, BADEGA. _ BAJANTARI, corruptly, BIRJUNTRw.
BADr KARI, (?) Mar. A non-resident cultivator in a Khot vil
lage engaging for a share of the crop.
BAGALo, commonly,BUGGAI.AH,GuZ. (vtotetu)Atrading vessel
navigating along the Malabar coast and in the Persian Gulfः
BAHA, erroneously, BHAHA. _ BAKHRA, incorrectly, IBUKRA•
BAHADUR, H. &c. (P. 9e५:) A hero, a warrior : under the
Mohammadan gowernment, a title of honour given to the
nobles of the Court, usually associated with some others, as
Khdin-bahddur, J8aja-bahddur : in more recent times it
is given to persons ofinferior, although respectable station,
and to some of the government native officers.
BAHi, corruptly, IBHAI, IBHWE.
IBalta-ddin, H. (P...yle , who knows) An auditor, an account
ant,a person appointed toexamine an account-book or books.
Bahā-sultdni, H. (from Jue५५, a prince) A public or go
vernment register.
Dahā-yad-ddsht, H. (P. ५--~alee५) A memorandum or
note-book : a diary of proceedings kept by an Amin, or
Sadr-amin.
IBAH I,f, H. (U*# , बहली) A two-wheeled carriage for riding in.
Dai-baiddia, corruptly, IBye-beanah, H. (ं७.५ eं) A con
tract of sale, with acknowledgment of advance on account
of the purchase-money.
IBai-hdmil, H. (U}-८४, perfect) Final or absolute sale.
IBai-nuddmla, H. (A-८५~०, affair) A fictitious sale.
IBai-mukttsa : add ; or sale of property in favour of a wife
in lieu of her relinduishment of dower : in some cases
it is a fraudulent transfer of property to a wife as an eduiva
lent for a dower, but which she sells ः it is also laxly used |
for a deed of sale for a settlement, and for a deed of sale
to a widow by the heirs of her husband.
JPai-ndma, corruptly, IBayana-ndma.
IBALLU, corruptly, BH w LE. _ IBantoi, (?) H. Coparcenary proprietor.-Kamaon.
छ70 _ ।
BAN
BAIRAk, BAIRAkH, H. (-)*५, --9*ं) A flag, especially one
set up on taking possession of new or unoccupied land,
whence it has come to signify the act of taking possession
of such land, or official authority to do so ; this, however,
is more correctly expressed by Dairak-dbddi, corruptly,
IByruck-abadee.
BAISIINAw, very corruptly, BUSTUM and BosHToxt, which
seem to be, however, vernacular corruptions.
Baishnacottar, corruptly, IBushtom00ttur, JBoshtomoottur.
BArrIIAN, corruptly, IBwTAN, H. ७५ं) A homestead, a farm,
the residence of the farmer, and ground adjacent.
JB6jrid, GuZ. (vt u०४{\२ºt u) Producing millet or other in
ferior grains: a village or class of willages.
BARA, Tib. A cloth measure =2 breadths.-Kamaon.
BAKHAR, incorrectly, BUKKAR.
BARI, barbarously, BUCKow.
BAki-JAI : add, or any balance.
BAKI.A, (?) Beng. A small sguare of timber used in ship or
boat-building.
BAKRA, (?) Uriya. A measure of land, apparently the same
। as a Bijhd.-Cuttack.
BAI.AL, BALLAL, (?) Karn. A title in some parts of Karnata
(perhaps the same as Walldlam, ५. v.).
BAND : this is sometimes employed, though laxly, to designate
the piece of water confined by an embankment.
BANDAR : when not a sea-port it especially applies to a mart
on the banks of a river like Kalnd or Patnd.
79andara, (?) A stone dam or dyke, an embankment of
masonry.
Bandhak, corruptly, IBandok : the word is also laxly used
for a piece of water confined by a dyke or embankment.
Ghair-band-0-basti, H. (],**, other) Unsettled, as an estate
unassessed or with the rewenue not determined.
Band-phdinta, blunderingly, IBund-phatuk.
79amdh?cdra, H. (9';eeं) Specification of boundaries.
BANi RARi,Beng. (दीनीदशती) Anabetter and aider in an offence:
(but, properly, the term denotes only one who joins in dis
seminating language (bdni) which may be calumnious or
libellous).
BANS : also the standard measuring-rod in Gu८erat, edual in
some parjanas to 20 feet छेर्क् inches, in others to no more
tham 7 feet छे # inches.
 BAN
Bhdi-bdn', H. (c4-4५.४५) Hereditary family share, appli
cable only occasionally to all the shares of a coparcenary
willage.
-Ambdnt, H. (५--$५) Undivided, unseparated ः paying the
revenue collectively through a representative, a willage, &c.
BANwA, corruptly also BUNNEEA.
BAR ; add, a piece of forest land.
BAR, (?) Gu2. Weight by which cotton is weighed, egual to
20 IDharis of 48 Ser’s each, or to 960 Sers.
BARAR, incorreetly, BERAR.
BARDASHT : add, Furnishing porters and provisions to go
vernment officers and troops, and European travellers.
Kamaon.
BARGUNI, (?) Asam. Police tax.
BARHi, (?) H. Garden lands belonging to the government.
Kamaon.
JBarhtā-batta, H. (ं) Commission, charge for agency.
BARI, Asam. Willage lands.
BARoTHA, Hindi (बरोठा) A washerman ः a vestibule, a portico.
-Bas-o-bdis, (?) H. A local rate or cess payable by resident
cultivators in addition to the land revenue, calculated at
one rupee eight anas per plough : held to be illegal.
BASTU, vernacularly, BAST.
BATER, BATU R, (?) H. Raised boundary of a field : sec
-4il-bater, it occurs also Gur-batur ? for Ghar-bater.
BAT : also a small land measure.-GhaZipur.
-Gatn’ttrd, is now most generally in use to imply a separa
tion of coparcenary holdings at the desire of some or of
all the coparceners, or the detachment of the share of an
individual so as to constitute his share an entirely distinct
property, made with the sanction of the revenue authorities :
it is also, though laxly, applied to the deed or document
under which the partition is made.
Sambaticard, H. (from S, समं, all) The entire division into
severalties of a coparcenary estate.
BATELA, corruptly, BoTILLA : it is a single-masted vessel of
the burthen of from 80 to 85 tons, employed in the coasting
trade of the Malabar coast.
BATf, corruptly, BATTEE, page 67, 2d col. B8th line.
BAULI, more correctly, IBHAULI, G. v., should be BHAOLI, G. w.
BAURI : add, A land measure.-Bahar.
JDag/dma-patra, Beng. (S. पच , a leaf) Acknowledgement of
an adwance.
BAwENGI, (?) H. The wool of the hill or Tibetan sheep.
JDd2-ddrod-mdma,H. (*०७.}}ee;'ं) A deed of relinguishment.
571
BHA
Be-icari: ; also, used laxly, without an owner.
BEHRf : also a large division of a village including many
JPattis.-Bundelkhand.
-Geri7-patta, Mal, A grant of land by the government at a
stipulated rent. _ _
BESAR, BEsARi, (?) GuZ. A mixed sort of soil partaking of
the properties of black and light soil.
BETH, (?) H. Occasional personal services of the willagers
to the head man or proprietor, especially in cultivation (it
is most probably an error for Bhet, ५. w.)-Kamaon.
BETT : also, waste land.
BEwARTTA, (?) Uriya. An officer or agent under a Raja or
Zamfndar of the kildjait estates, who manages the affairs
of a district more or less extensive.
-Wikadonict, also, corruptly, IBhudiceg, Bhudduee, Bhuddye,
JPhodace.
JPhdga-cicaram,corruptly,Wibaram,Tam.(LirTe,6a]ी6uprt?)
Separation or Separate account of shares.
_Bhdjedt, (?) Beng. An agreement to divide a property
under specified conditions.
JDori-bhdj, (?) GuZ. A principal share.
-Ghaikar, (?) H. Petty rent in kind paid to the owner, a
Guit-rent.-Kamaon.
BHAINS, H. (U~ं) A buffalo. See Bhyns.
-Dhainslet, H. (from ७.J, to roll) A puddle, a pool (where
buffaloes might roll).
BHARA, (?) H. A land measure = 2ं Bisis-Kamaon.
BHARANA, corruptly, BHURRUN, BURRA.
BHARARI, (?) Alluvial land.
BHARAT : also Responsibility of an individual as Lumberdar.
BHARATf, corruptly, IBHARTHEE, Hindi (भारती) Name of one
of the ten orders of JDas-ndmi ascetics.
PHARf, corruptly also BHERREE, it also denoted a rupee, the
Company's Arcot rupee coined in Calcutta, in value 8ं per
cent. less than the Sikka rupee.
PHARNA, corruptly, IBURNA, BURHNA : also, a pledge : a ter
minable mortgage, or one redeemable by the application
of the surplus proceeds of an estate held as security.
JDharmaddr, H. (P. Jle, who has) A mortgagee, one who
has occupation of an estate, the rent of which is retained
until it liguidate the principal and interest of the debt.
Tamassuk-bharnd, H. (--'~~ं, a bond) A bond with pro
perty pledged or land transferred, the proceeds of which
are to be set off against the principal and interest of
the loan.
 BHA
BHARTE, H. ५.ं9ं) lit. A filling ः an accretion of land.from
alluvial deposit.
BHATA, (?) Gu2. Light sandy soil, but productive : also a
tract in which such soil prewails.-Gu2erat.
BHATI, (?) H. A grant of land made originally for the sup
port of the grantee.
Bhatijam4, H. Revenue derived from Bh4ti land.
BHATU, also read BHATA, Gu2. (*tu&) Land subject to inun
dation, or deposited by returning floods : alluvial soil.
BHAtjNRIA, corruptly, BHoURBAH, BHowREAH.
BHAvANTf : also a tiled house.
BHAwAR, (?) H. Another name for the Tardi or low lands
along the foot of the Himalaya.
BHED-BAHI, (?) Beng. A waste-book.
BHEJA, Gu2. (*०४) Moisture ooZing from the surface of the
soil, also damp exuding from walls, &c.
BHELI, corruptly, BHAILEE.
Blient-ndma, H. (&०७ ५-'A4ं) A deed of gift.
BHERA, (?) H. Cess on wild-bees' mests.-Kamaon.
BHET, also, in Kamaon, personal service exacted by the Zamin
dār or Padhdn from the cultivators.
Bhitar-hdri, corruptly, Beetur-bdree, H. ( *५,inner, ॰9५
a house) The ground on which a house stands, and the
land immediately adjacent or inclosed round it.
Bhitā-hdrः, H. (-9५ _ं) A homestead, the site of a house
and the land adjoining to and dependent upon it.
JDhogyddhi, corruptly, IBoguead/.
BHOLAN, GuZ. (*tu&tuut) Flood, inundation : adj. swampy,
marshy.
IBlutindari, also corruptly, IBoomdali.
BHURA, (?) Beng. A given guantity of Sand ; a boat load.
Bi, IBEE,'(?) H. A measure of grain, a subdivision of a Pauti.
-Dinajpur.
Bi D, (?) Karn. A temple.
IBio IIA, also, corruptly, BIGGAH.
Bijdicari, also, corruptly, IBejarcary, IBedjecary.
BILKA, (?) H. A sheaf of corn, used in Kamaon as a means
ofmeasuring land, the number of.Bilkds being computed as
corresponding with that of the malis of seed sown in a Bisi.
Brst BATI, (?) Asam. Wet land.
IBindast, Mar.(S. P. बिनदस्त) Exempt from revenue, land, &c.
Biral, IBirral, IBeral, (?) A kind of hook for holding
planks together in ship building.-Chittagong.
.IBinmudras{, H. (_ं“';ं) A subdiwision of a Tismcdnsf. See
JIB{sn’ttnst.
572
BOH
BrRADAR, H. (S. 9e]A) A brother.
JBirddar-dm-2dda, H. A first cousin, an uncle's som.
BIRT, also of warious kinds; as,
JBirt-jajmdn, or -jajmant, H. (from S. यजमान) The right
to the performance of the domestic ceremonies of a house
holder, and the fees payable thereupon.
Birt-lahairat, H. (A. ५-',**-, alms) A small gratuity to
religious persons on various occasions.
JBirt-patra, H. (S. 9*४, a leaf) A title-deed, or rather a
woucher for any holding of land or property as IBirt, or
subsistence.
Birt-purohiti, corruptly, IBirt-proluitai, H. (S. पुरोहित) Dues
claimed by the hereditary family priest.
IBekh-birt,(?) H. A kind of tenure, land held on a guit
rent.-Saran.
_Kits-birt, (?) The hereditary right of certain Brahmans to
perform the domestic ceremonies of the better orders of the
JKitrmi class of cultivators.-Bahār.
-Mitiya-birt, (?) H. The hereditary right of certain Brahmans
* to perform the domestic ceremonies of the lower orders of
the Kirmi class.of cultivators.-Bahar.
* -Wakdi-birt, H. (A. Aं, ready money) A money allowance
or pension.
Bis, Beng. (दीज) A large measure of grain = 40 mans.
BisA, (?) H. A measure of land egual to four Bisis.
Kamaon.
BIsAwA, (?) Asam. A native officer who collects the revenue
from the cultivators (perhaps the IBisoi of Orissa).
BisHNi, (?) H. A denomination oflands held under a peculiar
local tenure.-Shahabad. "
Bisf ; the measure of land in Kamaon is also said to be as
much as should be sown with twenty malis of seed.
-Distrdnsi : the subdivisions of this are differently enume
rated, and the proportions nowhere defined, although they
are possibly twentieths ः one statement makes them Tis
?odnsं, Kachrotinst, 4mmodns; ; another Kachrodnsi, Nan
?rdinst, 1'isrudns; ; and a third, Tismcainsi, Kachrudinsi, An
?cttnst, Namrudmsi.
BoGSA, Name of a tribe inhabiting the low Tardi adjoining
Rohilkhand.
BoHUDA, (?) H. Rent-free land granted by willage commu
nities to religious societies.-Doab.
BoHRA, in GuZerat a considerable portion of the Boluras are
agriculturists.
JDoldddr, less correctly, JDolehdar, H. (9e}}) A temant
 BOI,
।
under a verbal agreement : in some parts of the north
west prowinces there are two descriptions of snch cultiva
tors, wiZ.
-79oldddr-bamd-shard, the cultivator of land, amount not
specified, at a fixed rate during the term of the present
settlement of the district.
JDoldddr-bil-nukta, the cultivator of a specified amount of
land during the same term at a guit-rent : both tenures
are hereditary during the stipulated term.
BORA, also H. ();) : also a canvas sack for holding grain or
salt, and sometimes considered as a measure of a definite
duantity of two or thrce maunds.
.7Bos{, (?)*indh. Cultivation depending on river inundation.
-79ralamottara : other corruptions are JBurmetter, IBurmit
ter, IBurmutteea?’, IBilm00tter.
BRITA, (?) H. Tenure of land held by Brahmans (probably
corruption of Birt or Brit).-Kamaon.
-kusa-brita, H. (S. कुशः, sacred grass) Absolute grant of land
to a Brahman at an eclipse, or on some other solemn oc
casion, the grant being affirmed by the presentation of a
tuft of kusa grass.-Kamaon.
BUDDALI, BUDDILI, Karn. A leather vessel for holding oil,
opium, &c. (? from the English ' bottle ').
BUKKA, (?) Karn. A hollow bambu tube attached to the
plough of cotton-fields, serving as a drill.-Karnata.
B0 RHA, H. ( 99:) lit. An old man : in Kamaon, the senior
or head man of a village.
-79a4?’hdl{, H. (७७);) Land or privileges attached to the
headship of a village: the same as Padludncludri.-Kamaon.
C.
Chak-basta, H. (P. &ं,५५, bound) A definite portion of land.
Chak-basta-ddr, H. (P.Gle, who has) A renter of a definite
portion of an estate.
Chal-ndima : A register or specification, &c.
Chakrdnham, S. &c. (चक्राँकं) The mark of the discus of
Wislanu, stamped with a hot iron on the persons of his
worshippers.
Chakrdinhadam, Tel. (from S. द, who or what gives) Stamp
ing the followers of Wishnu with his chakra or discus.
Chaldn', also, Chelam, Chillum : also, a memorandum of
money received and inwested.
CHALTA,GuZ.(*५०t०1u) Entire, perfect,as a share in a village.
CHAMAR, corruptly, CHUMHAR, CHUMBAR.
278
CHI
Cham drin, H. 'e)५*) The wife of a Chamdr or female of
the caste, who commonly officiates as the willage midwife.
Chdmdni-rdyat, Beng. A shopkeeper or artificer owning
the ground on which his shop or dwelling stands in a baZār.
CHANDI.A : also a present sent to a man in whose family a
marriage is about to take place.
CHARA, (?) Beng. Land on which plants are reared for trans
planting.-Sylhet.
Chardiः also a tax on pasturage levied in the Tarai.
Kamaon.
CHARANDAs, Hindi (चरण , the foot, दास, the slave) The
name of a founder of a sect of Waishnavas in the middle
of the eighteenth century.
Charandasं, Hindi (चरणदासी) A follower of the sect of Cha
?’andds : the peculiar observances and doctrines of the sect.
CHARKH, CHARKHA, Sindh (P. श्-9द-) A water-wheel : cul
tivation dependent on water Supplied by a wheel•
Charhhabi, Sindh (P. from ५--', water) Irrigated by means
of water-wheels, land, &c.
Charhlishamdr ं, Sindh (P. ५9५**, a numbering) Tax on
water-wheels.
CHAS, also a ploughed furrow.-GuZerat.
C/idsio, GuZ. (*५।। ॥२{l२ंa) Grown in furrows, applied espe
cially to the best sort of wheat.
CHATTritAst, inaccurately, CHUTRUM, also a temple.
Chaubdiclulia ः in some villages the specification is JKu?’i,
JPai/, 40, cattle, and Dhart{, land.
Chaudhari : also, in Asam, the hereditary mative collector.
Chauladda ः also a boundary statement, a boundary map
or plan.
Chautheli, Mar. (चीयेली) The fourth part of the produce of
a farm or field.
CHAwAL : this share is said to be edual to a sixteenth of
an ama, or subdivision of a bhdj or share : it should pro
perly be a sixteenth, but this is not always the case ; six
blidgs of a certain village being reported as containing
ninety anas ः (but this may be an error for minety-six)
CHAwAR, (?) GuZ. A drill plough.
CHERUKANAyr, (?) Mal. A sub-mortgage lease.
CHHAR, also CHHAR-CHIयूTHI, incorrectly, CHAR, H. (G|५-,
…्र-2५-) A deed of remission of rent or revenuegranted
by theproprietoror by the collector on the part ofgowernment.
Chhdr sanad, incorrectly, Char sunnud, H. A revised and
confirmed samad or grant.
Chilunit, corruptly Chinnut ः also a division of an estate.
7G
 CHI
CHf LLA : also a place or house in which a temporary shrine
of a Mohammadan saint may be set up.
CHINKA, (?) H. (S. kshamiha, temporary) An apparatus for
crossing rivers in the Himalaya, a cable fastened across a
stream to trees or posts, along which a basket in which
the passenger places himself travels, Suspended by a wooden
ring and drawn across by ropes.
CHIRAGHf : also, in Easterm Bengal, a tenure of land appa
rently rent-free..
Chitpatta, H. (ं ५-*) A memorandum of a lease.
CHIITTARAI, Tam. (ङ)ळैट्ठयुग्रं, S. चैच) The first month of
the Tamil year (April-May).
CHITTHA, also, corruptly, CHITTA : also a banker’s acknow
ledgment of accountability for money deposited.
CHOK, (?) A subdivision of an estate.
CHOPRI, also CHOPRA, GuZ.: also a field-book containing
a specification of the lands of a village.
Chorakharc/, Gu2. (न्यतः॥२.५२.२५) Private expenses, secret
service money, the contingent expenses of a village for en
tertaining travellers, &c., not entered in the regular accounts
of disbursements.
CHOTELA, (?) H. A measure of land, a IBisf and a guarter.
-Kamaon.
CHUKANi : also, in Asam, land cultivated by tenants on the
tenure of an egual division of the crop with the landlord.
Chukti : also annual rent.
Chalacero, Gu2. (१३u, a tax) A tax on hearths or cooking
places.
Chttrd, (?) Asam. Hearth tax.
DAB, also IDIIAB.
DABA, also DA B : also an abstract of a list or register, a
statement of shares.
DABAR : also a hollow.
IDADA, DU DAH, (?) A list of the cultivators of a village.
IDAF, H. (P. ५-Ge) A small flat drum or tambourine.
JDafali, H. (AGe) A drummer, a player on the Daf one
whose especial business it is to play on the instrument.
-Dain-nall?', corruptly, JDe/m-mohur, JDine-moliur, Den
?meher, H. 9**७:e) A dower, the amount due as a dowor.
See IMa/t;r.
-Dain-mahr-mudjil, corruptly, JDem-melter-mouijul, H. (A.
u)～~*) IDower paid at the time of marriage, See Mah)’,
574
DAS
IDARA, Sindh. A water-wheel for irrigation, the cultivation
depending on it.
JDdhhil-kar, corruptly, JDukl-kar.
JDathluild, corruptly, JDakhilla, Dhakhilla.
IDAL, IDUL, Beng. (लि) A sort of aguatic grass (Panicum
stagninum). _ -
JDalbeluera, corruptly, JDulbera.
IDAL, (?) Determination of the value of a crop by selecting
and threshing portions from different parts of a field.
IDALADoK, (?) H. Willage dues, usually in kind.
IDALAN, H. (Jºle) An apartment : a vaulted building : used
laxly for any building.
DAI.HI, (?) Mar. Arable land on acclivities inaccessible to
the plough.
IDAM : also, in Kamaon, the maximum weight of metals, &c.
egual to about I00 Farakhabad rupees weight.
JDAMDATT, ? DANDATT, H. Gift upon gift of land.-Kamaon.
DAMOLA, () Half a kanch or tola of gold dust.-Kamaon.
JDanpatti, H. ५.*४७le) A deed of gift.
-Dainsd//ar, H. (S. सागर, the ocean) A ceremony, as a
$rdiddha or the like, at which the full amount of usual
gifts is distributed. _
-Dandakacila (?) Tel. Specification of the shares of a divided
property.
DANGA : also used laxly for land in general or any parti
cular Spot, as,
_Kalai-ddingd, inferior land ; Gochar-ddingd, pasture land
or common.-Birbhttm.
Dar-ijara-ddr, H. (P.)le, who has) The holder of a sub
lease or farm.
-Dar-o-bast-lakttlः, H. (A. G-, a right) All right aud
title whatever.
DARAIL, DARw LE, (!) H. A ridge of land forming a boundary.
_Daritibridi, H. (from ५Je, the sea, !) Land recovered from
the Sunderbans in Eastern Bengal.
DARICHE,(?)Mar. Landprepared forsowing by previousburning.
IDARKHAST, corruptly, also, DURGAST, and DIRGAST : it is
also sometimes applied to the document issued by the re
venue officer acceding to the terms offered for land.
-79arkdist-ddr, Mar. (दरकास्तदार) The offerer of a tender of
rent or purchase of land.
JDar-shikam{, H. (from ***, the belly) Subordinate, as a
tenure or Sharer under a shikami holding or holder.
JDasabandam, incorrectly, JDusabundum : also, land held
at a reduced rent.
 DAS
JDasabhdjam, S. &c. (दशभाग) A tenth part, tithe : the tenth
of the produce of a field irrigated from a reserwoir, applied
to keeping it in repair.
। 7Dasamu, vulgarly, JDasen, Karn. (८ऽ००Ko, S. दास) A slave:
a hereditary mendicant.
- JDastdices, also, corruptly, JDustacees, JDustinguj
Dastaincaj-?/ddi, Mar. (दस्तऐवजयादी) A bond, an acknow
ledgment of a loan. ___
JDastbamdhak,corruptly, JDushtbatmduck,H.Asimple mortgage.
JDast-garddin, Dast-Garda, H. (? the latter)ः also, a loan
on verbal acknowledgment : any purchase or loan on a
verbal promise to pay : it is also applied laxly to a mote
of hand promising payment of a settled sum or value.
Tirhut. _
JDastar-ā-hhanddn, H. (P. ७leG5-) Family usage.
IDAUL : also a counterpart lease.-Tirhut.
JDaul-darsami, corruptly, Dool-dursamee, (?) H. A roll or
register of landed proprietors kept in the north-west pro
vinces under the mative gowernment.
DAURA, (?) Beng. A camal, a water-course.
JDdj/dda, corruptly, Diadee, Diadi, Diadul.
* Daiyard, corruptly, JDaierah, Hindi (दायणा) Inheritance,
hereditary property.
IDE, Tibet. A ieasure of capacity, one-twelfth of a Dobu.
Kamaon.
DEAKE, (?) Asam. The deputy or vice-president of a religious
conference or assembly.
JDEBBA, (?) -Marshy land.-Chittagong.
JDebsebd, Beng. (S. ८दिट्शदl) lit. Service of a deity ः any .
religious purpose or endowment.
DEGREE-JARI, Beng.(८म्?ीर्दीजोही, from the English 'degree’)
Proceeding or recowering', as a loan, gradually, or by de
grees ; a sentence of court to that effect.
IDEORHI : it is also applied to an inclosure containing a lesser
or greater number of buildings.
JDecas6t, Mar. (देव, and शेत, a field) Land granted free to
a person who has been successful in an appeal to diwine
agency, as in an ordeal on behalf of the willage community.
-Decasecd, vulgarly, Debsheca, H. (S. सेवा, service) Doing
the duty or managing the affairs of a temple ; also a
religious grant or endowment.
JDecasom, (?) Mal. A temple (perhaps an error or corrup
tion of JDepasthdm, or JDegasngam.
DEvALA, H. (S. देवल) A bankrupt. _
JDecottara, also corruptly, JDercutter, JDaooter, JDebater.
575
IDES
IDHALBoL, also D'HALi-BoLI : also, foreclosure of a mortgage.
DHALKAZAMiN, Sindh. Land paying money-rent, as growing
articles more valuable than grain, as cotton, tobacco, &c.
JDludna-band1: also, in Sindh, settlement of division of the
crop between the cultivator and the gowernment according
to prewious agreement.
JDhdm-madi, corruptly, JDammoodie.
D'HANGARIA, DANGUREEA, (?) Gu2. Willages or lands pro
ducing rice crops.
-Dhamu, Mal. (S. COrºo) The fourth Malabar month, De
cember, the sun being in Sagittarius.
IDHARA, (?) H. A subdivision of a village.-Kamaon.
DHARA : a right to a portion of a village, varying in extent
and value from many fields to a single tree, held at a fixed
rate of assessment.
JDHARo, incorrectly, IDARA, GuZ. (धu२u) Rule for govern
ment dues and collections.
JDhdrehari, incorrectly, JDarekuree, Mar. (धारकरी) The
holder of land lightly assessed : laxly, the land so held.
DHARI, corruptly, JDURREE : in Gugerat it is also applied to
a measure of cotton = to 48 se?’s.
JDharmasanam, vulgarly, JDarmasanom, Tam. (S. धम्मॆासनं)
Land or willages granted to Brahmans either rent-free or
at a guit-rent. .
JDhdrmasddhama, S. &c. (from साधन , a means) A deed
of gift.
IDHARTA, corruptly, IDURTA : also, bonus, premium.
DHARTf : also, proportion of gowernment revenue in some of
the villages of the north-west provinces payable by each।
coparcener according to the extent of his share.
DHEKURi, (!) GuZ. An apparatus for raising water from a
river by bullocks, similar to that used for wells, practi
cable only when the river runs under a nearly perpen
dicular bank.
DHoN,(:) H. A grain measure = 10 Pathas, or one-twentieth
of a Khdri (? if it should not be Dron. See Khari)
Garhwal.
DHoTAR, (?) Karn. A coarse cotton-cloth manufacture in
IDharwar. _
DHUNGRA, (?) GuZ. Name of people who gather the cotton
pods from the field.
DiARA, also corruptly, JDEARA H, DEEHARA.
JDi/r{ःjdr{, Beng. (लि?ीद्भीञ्जांर्ती) The written sentence or
decree of a court. _
JDelubandi, incorrectly, JDeluabumdee.
 IDIR।
JDihncdrā-muntakhab, H.(A. ५~stं) An abstract account
of an estate, according to the villages in it.
IDIKARI, Asam. The head of a religious assembly or con
ference (probably an abbreviation of Adhihari).
IDiKSHA, corruptly, THEETCHA.
DiNAR ः also, a gold coin variously valued at 2ं or 5 rupees,
being said to be of the weight of 20 Kirats, each Kirdt
being egual to 5 Jaus (seed of barley or millet)ः a Dindr,
therefore, is egual to I00 Jaus, or I0 Chinams, which,
at lछ rupees per tola, is edual to छे rupees--Masulipatam.
JDincan-bo, (?) H. Revenue from newly-cultivated waste land.
-Kuch-Bahar.
IDOBA, incorrectly, IDHOBA, a pond.
DoBHAL, () H. The name of one of the principal Brahman
tribes in Garhwal.
DoBU (?) Tibet. A measure of capacity egual to a Kachcha
?mam of 20 Sers: in some places it is said to be edual to
I8 De, in others to I2.
JDoho, () Beng. A fishery in marshy land.
DoJA,()Tibet. An ingot ofsilver stamped at Lhassa, current
in the hills for something less than 20 Farakhabad rupees.
-Dohatthi, corruptly, JDocutt/, H. (P. _99x two) A feudal
claim by the lord paramount of the produce oftwo Kathas
per J9tjhd, now obsolete-Bhāgalpur.
DoN, (?) Beng. Partly dry bed of a river.
-Drishtabandhal, vernacularly, JDishtband/dh, corruptly,
JDistbunduh.
DRoNA, commonly, IDRoox, sometimes DOON, A land mea
।sure in Sylhet, &c.
IDRU-PAwIR, Tam. (from S. द्रः, a tree) Produce of trees, as
cocoa-nuts and the like. `*
DUGALAM U, IDUGULAM U, Tel. (ंOK० ँOO, ॐ97०० ँOO) The
sixteenth part of a pagoda.
DULHA, Hindi (दुच्ह) A bridegroom.
JDullian, Dulhin, corruptly, JDholohm, H. (दुच्हन, दुस्हिन)
A bride.
-Dumdld.jhdrd, Mar. (from झरिणः, a sweeping away) An
official scrutiny of titles to alienated lands.
-Dural:jdr, (?) H. A comprehensive term for lands within
the limits of a known portion of an estate (some blunder
perhaps for Dar-ijdra).
DwAR, or DoAR, Asam. A frontier district (perhaps from
JDrcdr, a door).
570;
EDID
E.
EDDANGALI, corruptly, IDUNGALIE, DUNGALLW : sometimes
said to be eguivalent to a Madras Ser.
EDDAwAM,less correctly, EDAwAM, Mal. (Geºso-l०) The ninth
(? the eighth) month of the Malayalam year (May-June).
-Edurunudi, or Hedurunudi, Karn. (3Dं99ंce) A coun
terpart agreement.
EKJAI, H. (from P. ५-, place) In one lump, in one total :
in the same place.
ELEBALE, (!) Leaf of the Piper betel.
ELANGAL-ToTTAKAL, (?) Tam. Land lately prepared for
garden cultivation.
ERRAwAT-NAMA, (?) Tam. A document issued by a collector
confirming and authenticating a compromise between parties
in a litigation concerming land.-Tiniveli.
F.
FAIsALA, corruptly, FwsALLA.
Faiंalndma-sdlixi,H. (A.५*-JG, third) An arbitration award.
FARD : also, a statement or account.
Fard-pattiddr{, H. (-9Aं9;) A list or schedule of the
shares of a joint estate.
JDo-fardi, H. (,9, two) A double account) shewing the
amount of land held, and rent paid by each Ryot.
-His40-iःfard, H. (e,*.3५~~-) A detailed account, an account
particulars.
Firijh-khatti, also, corruptly, Farghttttee, Farkuttee,
JParekut.
FARINGATf, (?) Asam. Dry or unirrigated land.
Jarmdish : also, a reduisition on a village for small articles
of consumption, as grass, firewood, &c. ; formerly Jewied
for the use of the district officers.
Fasl-chdr, H. 9५-9~ं) Am acduittance granted by the
collector for the harvest produce of land exempted from
reWenue.
Fasl-jasti, barbarously, Fuscle-jaste : also used laxly for
any enhanced assessment on land.
Fasl-ndma, corruptly, Fusul-namah, H. (P. &-८७, a docu
ment) An agreement entered into by a number of the
members of a village community (perhaps it should be
Fai8al-ndma.
FORAs, (Port..fara, without) A term applied in Bombay to
waste land adjacent to cultivated land, and granted to the
cultivators of the latter at a guit-rent ः it occurs in old
 GAB
grants of the local gowernment especially in the phrase
.foras and pertengas, the latter also Port., dependencies,
appurtenances.
G.
GABHAN : also, Gu2., land on which to erect a house, or that
on which the houses of a village are erected.
Gadi, also, in Bengal, often denotes a house of business, a
banking-house ; also, the headship of a religious esta
blishment.
GADf, or GADDr, (:) H. A class of cultivators in the Delhi
district.
Gainā-edurucali, (?) Karn. A written agreement to pay a
stipulated rent, given by the renter to the proprietor.
Chalgaini, (:) Mal. (S. चल, to go) The tenure of a tem
porary occupant, a terminable lease.
JKraya-7aini, (!) Karn. (S. क्रय, purchase) Purchase of the
property and rights of an original proprietor.
-Wil-gaini, (:) Karn. (S. मूलं, root) Original and unvary
ing rent, a perpetual lease.
GAIRAN, Mar. (गैरान, from the A. A4 , other) Lands in a
village other than those regularly assessed.
GAMETI, () Gu८. Designation of proprietary willages held by
Rajputs paying revenue.-Gu2erat.
GANDA ः it is also in constant use to denote a proportionate
Guantity of land. _
Gandharba ; the practice still exists among the hill Rājas,
and gives to the woman a station above that ofa concubine,
although below that of a wife married according to the
Waidihं ritual.
GANOT, less correctly, GUNwUT ः also, any lease of land.
Ganotid,incorrectly, Gummruteea,Gu2. (२॥ ऐणेtu ०{l२५ u) Paying
rent or rewenue per bijhd, according to agreement with
each cultivator separately-a willage or estate.
Chdlu-ganot, Gu2. (*५ug, inactive) A permanent rent.
JPhirta-ganot,Gu2. (from H.9a • to go about) Warying rent.
GANTHA : or rather 7 feet ऊँ ठँ inchesः in some places the
Ganthd is the same as the Bans or standard rod =20
feet छँ inches.
JDar-gantha-ddr, H. (P._;9 ॥ prefixed) A sub-tenant holding
of the Gdnthi-d4r.
Gdnthiःjama, corruptly, Gatee-jumma.
Gdhrcin, corruptly, Gaeen, Hindi (गांवी') Willage expenses.
Gdonkar, sometimes Gdmkarः also, the head man of a
willage.
577
GEHA
Gdonkart, Mar. (गावंकरी) A willager, but especially one
having a right to share in the village lands or crops.
Gaon-ha-goti, (?) Asam. A village accountant under the
native collector.
Gdon-ki-ncatam, Mar. (see mcatan) Hereditary and inde
feasible right to a share in the lands of a willage not
effaced by even long absence.
Gdomkhat6-2amin, () Gu2. Land let on agount of the
village community ; such as they may be able to dispose
of from a lapsed bhdg or share, through want of heirs.
Gdon-nisbat-mirds, Mar. (मिरास, hereditary property) Land
of which the proprietary right resides in the community col
lectively.
Gdionstirं-chaldin, or -ddh, H. Passing on letters, goods,
prisoners, treasure, &c., on public service, from willage
to village without charge.-Kamaon.
GARASI, or GARsI, (?) Tel, A frame-work of sticks lining a
temporary shallow well dug in a loose soil.
Garasi-bdui, Tel. A shallow well in a loose soil.
GARBHoTTAR, corruptly, GARBUTTER, Beng. (*८र्डीङ्क्) A
ravine forming in the rains awater-course leading to a.Nala.
’GARH, H. (-9७) A weaver’s seat, the place in which his
loom is erected.
Garjan-kkola, (?) A plantation of Garjan trees (Diptero
carpus).
GAUDA, (?) Karn. A large granary or grain store.
GAUL, (?) H. A water-course.-Kamaon.
GAUN, (!) Beng. A land measure larger than a Dain.
Garcik, (!) Mar. The fourth part of the lands of a willage
held by a Khot, and managed by himself.
GAwAL, corruptly, GwALLEE.
GAZ : in GuZerat the gas is 27# inches.
.Reshmi-ga2ं, (!) Mar, A measure under the former govern
ment = 18 or 19 tasus.
GEHUN, incorrectly, GHooN.
Gehun-chasia, Gu2. (from *५॥*t, a furrow) Wheat grown
without irrigation.
Ghardham, H. (घरधन) lit., house-wealth : in Asam, poll-tax.
Gharenia, also, corruptly, Girramia, Gurranea : also,.lands
alienated on mortgage by willage communities, and on that
account withdrawn from assessment, am unauthorised aliena
tion of public revenue.
Ghariddr, H. (P. )e, who has) The clock or bell striker.
Ghar-padhdn ः also, the oldest Asdmi appointed in a co
parcenary Zamfndārf to manage the estate, See Pradlidn
7H
 GHA
Ghas-ddma : it was originally imposed for the use of the
cavalry employed in the Mulkgiri collection of the revenue,
but was contimued after the practice had ceased.
Ghati, H. (.' ं)
An out-station of police.
Ghatmar, (!) H. An open space between the houses of a
willage and the land where cultivation commences : it is
also termed the homestead or land in which a house stands,
with the ground adjacent.
Ghui-lar, H. (from S.A% a tax) Pasturage tax formerly
levied : a small present of milk, curds, and one pie per
head, given to thevillage shareholders by other persons per
mitted to pasture their cattle on the village grass lands.
-Kamaon.
GIRA, H. (४%)
A division of a Gas, three finger breadths.
Gird, Mar. (fगरi) A fourteenth or sixteenth of a Gas, a
tasu and a half
GoLA-DfP, H. (from S. dirya) A kind of ordeal, carrying a
redhot ball or bar ofiron, not long since in use in Kamaon.
Gdina, Tel. (xं9) A sack, considered also as a measure
= 10 mams.
GoRAT)U,GonARU, Gu2. (Ju२tॐ) A light coloured soil ; one
of the principal soils of Gu2erat, varying from almost mere”
sand to a soil of the richest Guality, a mixture of sand
and clay.
Gordru-kurcetar, GuZ. (gact२, watered from wells) The
soil called Gordru when irrigated by water supplied espe
cially by wells.
Gordru-ubhari4, Gu2. (३०{{tett, dry land) Gordru soil
mot irrigated.
Gordru-pandhar, (?) GuZ. Gor(fru soil unirrigated and of
the poorest sort.
Gordt t this contains more mould than Gordru.
GORMA, Tib. A silver coin currentin Kamaon, rated at four
.//us, five of which are exchangeable for a Farakhabad
rupee.
G0SHA, H. (P. ***) A corner, a secluded spot, a detached
field or piece of ground.
Gum-ndma, H. (P. * lost) A written declaration of the
loss of vouchers or documents.
GUN.JAISH, corruptly, GoNZEAsIt.
GUNT, (?) H. The hill or Tartar pony.
Gunth : it is the twenty-fifth part of a m6na or bijhd :
in GuZerat it is a measure of five httt/s, or cubits, or eight
feet, and is one-twentieth of the side of a bi//li6.
Gt R, Mar. (गूड्) Corn in the sheaf, especially in the portion
778
HAN
of the crop assigned to the village servants before remowal
`from the field.
Gurighar, (:) A cottage, a bangala.
Gugdslat ः it also denotes in some places land rented of pro
prietors and sub-let or passed on to cultivators ः it may
apparently be held hereditarily by both parties.-Shahabad.
Gugdshta-7amd, corruptly, Goocceshta.jumma, H. (e*- ,
revenue or rent) Past rent, or rent in arrear.
GwAL, or GwALA, H. (J% "*) A cowherd,
Gicalin, corruptly, Gymuallin, H. (9'*) A woman of the
cowherd caste, the wife of a cowherd.
H.
-77ad-bamdi, also plur. -IIudud-bandi.
HAFTAGANA, commonly, HAFTGANA, H. (Ads.Jas) A register
or diary of rewenue claims and payments kept in the col
lector’s office.
-Haftnakkslia, (!) H. A set of papers of village accounts
kept by the Patrcdrā.
-Hak-4jiri, (:) H. Proprietor’s right, or rather the claim
of the proprietor to the hire or rent of property let by him
on lease.-Bahar. _ _
JHak-murdfil:, H. (A. J*]~, a companion) Actual or asso
ciated rights.
Itakim, H. In the.Jangal Mahals a title sometimes given
to the second son of a Rāja.
HAL : a plough ; also, a measure of land in Sylhet: it is also
used in the Mfrath Zila as a nominal division of village
lands eduivalent to the division by bisrcas.
IIdl-dbddiः also, the assessment imposed on newly-culti
wated land.
.Hal-i-dakhl, H. (U}5-e, entry) Actual possession.
IBalidl--dakll, H. (Jeः, upheld) Upheld or confirmed in
possession.
JIIdil-sdkin, H. (P. ७*५”, dwelling) Personal residence.
-Hal-shama, (?) H. (perhaps from ITal-sidna, plough-elder)
A willage officer or servant.-Birbhttm.
-77alfan, barbarously, IWal Fun, H. (A. 14-) By or accord
ing to oath.
JITalli/ddde, corruptly, IIulli//adag/, Karn. (ॐं) The
wet or rice-lands of a willage.
HAMTAAyf, corruptly, HUMTAUM, H. (A. F५le, food) One
who eats or messes with another or with a family.
HANE, corruptly, HUNNAw.
 HAR. ][TA

J77arsdla, H. (J५०० a year) Perennial, perpetual, as a lease. HURo, Tib. Transit duty.
HARAJ : also, a muisance. .Huttuioali, corruptly, II00tioaly, Hoot00cully.
Jaraj-4yanda, corruptly, IIureejaindell, H. (P. ४Aं,ि -Hajir-huttumoali, Karn. Actual or present produce.
coming) Prospective injury or loss. _ । Jtamudj-huttumali, corruptly, Itica3-hootoully, Karn. (from
HARIA, corruptly, HURREEA, Gu2. H. ट'9a current) Customary or average produce.
Jasbana, corruptly, JHusubana, H. (ंd५~~-) According
to custom, customary : applied to fees and perguisites । I.
claimed by willage officers.
HAsARNAMA, (:) H. An agreement to abide by the award | Idumupairu : also the crop which is raised towards the end
of an arbitrator. | of the revenue year, the tax on which is brought to account
774thchitd, incorrectly, IIaut-chitta, Beng. (छ्iर्श्वेष्ञ्छैिi) A । before it is stacked.

note of hand, any acknowledgment in a person's own hand | Ilatindmi, corruptly, Itmamee, H. (.४०५**s) Held in trust,
writing, or bearing his signature• held as an under tenure or part of a taluk, land, &c.
#rati-Bhaga, corruptly, IIat-lattur, Beng. (शiर्थथङिi) A | I.AZAT, vernacularly, IIAGAT.
banker’s book or account--Rājshāht. । /j42at-madma : also, a deed of authorisation.
HATA, incorrectly, HATHA, HATTA• Ijmaligumdshta, H. (P. *.५४, a factor) An agent or
HAwAi, (!) Salvage on goods recowered from a wreck.-Sindh. factor for personsholding property conjointly, or the manager
HAwALA : a farm at a fixed rent, unless otherwise stipulated : of property so held.
also, the deed by which such farm or holding is leased. Ijmdyali, corruptly, Ijmuilee.
Hamcdºlat, Beng. : also, a place of security, a temporary prison. IKBAL : also, acguiescence, assent.
Harcalat-patra, IBeng. A note of hand ; acknowledgment JIkbdlt, H. In the way ofor according to,assent or agreement.
of a temporary loan or obligation. -IItbal-damod, also, corruptly, Ikbal-damccee.
IIajoili-g/rdmamulu ः and subse५uently by the British go Jkrdr-ndma-gdlaं ः also, an agreement to abide by an award
vernment, being cultivated for its benefit, and constituting of arbitration.
what were termed the ' Home-farms.’ Jkrdr-ndma-sipurdagi, H. (P. ५*५9*५, giving up, or over)
HEGGADE, corruptly, HEGADAw. A deed of hypothecation, by which property is assigned
HIBA, corruptly, HEBAH. ower as Security for a loan.
-Hiba-mmttlak, H. (A. J*ं) An absolute and unconditional -Iladdramudra, corruptly, Jlladarrra?’, Tlldarrcar.
gift. .I'llakur, less correctly, Jllumkoora.
THiba-ndma, corruptly, IElbal-ndima. | ILLAM, vulgarly, ILLost, Mal. (ं2ंG०) A house, a dwelling ः
Hiba-tamlik, incorrectly, IIibbel-tumleek, H. (A. ५***G, but it is also used for a household, or the members of a
property) A deed of gift, a gift of property. family collectively.
Hin, (!) H. A piece of water.-Birbhttm. ILLAM-NAMA, (!) H. A summons.-Midnapur.
Hissa-ā-hdikim, incorrectly, JMissa-hulteem, The share or | IMLA, (?) Mar. A house, a building.
right of the proprietor. Indim-mdiniyam, corruptly, Enam-moneyem, Karn. Land
HosAGAMA, corruptly, HOSSOGAMW granted in endowment rent-free: (asuperfluous repetition of
HoTHA, (?) H. Aland measure = I000sguare paces.-Kamaon. synonyms, one Arabic, one Sanskrit),
HUDA,(!)Beng. An estate,one comprising anumber of willages. INDI : also written ENDI.
HUJ.JAr, H. (A. e-े-) Proof argument, a written voucher IRA, Mal. (ं2०) Feehold tenure of land.
or acknowledgment. | ITANA, (?) GuZ. Light but fertile soil.
HURpA, Mar. (हुडैी) A portion of Jaicari or holcus in the Jtldd-ndind, corruptly, Itila-namal) : also, a motice served
ear or sheaf, the perguisite of the willage Servants at the on cultivators, announcing an enhancement of rent, as a
harwest. condition of continued occupancy ः it has been ruled that
-Hurmat-balid, H. (P. ५:, price) Damages, compensation this is the only legal form or purpose of an Itl44-ndma
for calumny or libel. under Ben. Reg. w. I8l2, cl. 9, 10.
579
 ITI,
Jtl44-yabi, corruptly, Itilak-yabee, H. (P. ५५, a finding)
Return to a summons or citation, the finding of the person
to whom it is addressed, serwing a writ.
iwAZ, also, corruptly, EosIE, EUZ, EwUZ.
IZN ः it is also laxly used for beguest or distribution of property.
Jंm-n4ma, H. (P. 4-•U, a document) A will, a distribution
of property by a testator, whether Mohammadan or Hindu.
J.
Jaid-bandhaki-ijard, (!) Beng. A mortgage in which the
usufruct or rent of land is transferred to the mortgagee
in lieu of interest.
Jagir-pdik4n, H. (see Pail) Land granted to military
retainers and militia in Cuttack on the tenure of military
service.
Jagiili, (!) H. A small money-rent paid by an occupant
cultivator to the proprietor.-Kamaon.
JAHfZ, corruptly, JAIHEZ.
JAf, corruptly, JAIEE, also EK-JAf, (?) H. An agreement.
Bahar.
Jaibandi, (?) H. An agreement, a written engagement or
undertaking.
JAIDAD : also, an acknowledgment of revenue payable : a
specification of land held, given by the holder and depo
sited with the collector : a receipt: a final acknowledgment
of the transfer of landed property.
JAJAN-JAJAN, JUJUN-JAJUN, vernacular forms of WAJANA
wAJANA, S. &c. (यजनं याजन) Offering sacrifices or reciting
the appointed mantras or prayers on one's own account
or on behalf of others, the office of a religious Brahman.
JALKAR : also used laxly for a fishery or right of fishing.
Jam4-parti, (?) H. A favotirable and fixed rate ofassessment.
Jam4-pautt, (?) Uriya. An acknowledgment of money
received for the purpose of paying it ower on account of
the person first transferring it.
Jam6-raiyati, H. Rent paid by a temant cultivator.
JAMLoGi, JUMLOGEE, (?) H. A class of Brahmans in Kamaon.
JAMod, incorrectly, JUMOK.
Jam00-ndima, H- (&-99*+) A deed of transfer of liabilities,
as in the case of a loan contracted by a landholder, for
which he transfers to the lender the rents of his tenants.
Jamma-koshthi, barbarously, Joomm00-hoostee, Beng. (अद्म
८होर्री) A horoscope, a nativity.
Jamma-koru, () Karn. A permanent hereditary lease.
580
JOT
Jammi, freguently, but absurdly, Jemmj/.
JARi B ः there were under the former system two kinds in use,
the 4alan-pirf and the Badshdh1-jarāb, of which the
former was a trifle the larger.
Jarib-bhaumria, Uriya (see JBhaunria) । Statement of the
measurement or survey of the lands of a village.
(*५-५)-) A paper or record of the
Jarंb-chitth4, H.
measurement of land.
Jarib-khard4, corruptly, Jeregf-hhurda, Mar. (जरीषखरदा)
Record of annual field measurement.
JAsA, or JANSA, Gu2. (6४u०*tu) A threat or commission of
violence against an individual by one who considers him
self aggrieved, prohibited by law.-Bom. Reg. I827.
JAU ः in some places it also denotes a small land measure,
as ana, pie, krant,.jdi.-Fatihpur.
Jamºdb-ddmgd, H. (Js;ee, a plaint) An answer to a complaint.
JAwAR, () Beng. A subdivision of a tdlul.
Jethdms, corruptly, Jutumsee.
Jethundd, corruptly, Jetoonda ः it also denotes the land
held by a hereditary Padhdn.-Kamaon.
JHADA, also JHARA.
JHULA : also, a measure of land.-Garhwal.
•Wirditi ः in some places in the northern Sarkātrs if Jirditः
land is left waste the title of the occupant is considered to
have lapsed, and it may be leased by the gowernment to
another person.
J{tºdi : also, land assigned as subsistence to relations and
dependants.
Jicikd, also, corruptly, Jebeka, and Jedbha.
Jicatam corruptly, Jeeuatam.
JNATf, commonly pronounced GwATI, and corruptly written
GNATI, GATI, GUwATEE, S. &c. (ज्ञाति) A kinsman, a
relation, especially a distant kinsman, one who does not
participate in offerings of food or water to common ancestors.
•Jodi-, or Jodige-manyam, Karn. A grant of land at an
easy or guit-rent.
•Jodi-rdsi-ndma, (?) Karn. An engagement to give up a
lease of land.
2Maludl.jodi, (?) Tel. A guit-rent paid by district ofhccrs
for their own estates.
JoHAR : also, any reserwoir or pond.
JoT, also, corruptly, JHOTE : also, land held of a superior on
the terms of a tenant cultivator, enjoying no proprietary
rights, although sometimes holding at a fixed rate andsome
times hereditarily.
 J0T
Jot-jama ः it is sometimes rent derived from land leased
to a cultivator.
JoTA, (?) H. A partition wall.
JUMI, (?) Land that may be cultivated by the hoe without
needing a plough, and which is therefore occupied by a
class of Magh cultivators, thence termed Jumias.-Chit
tagong
JUN, JooN, (?) Land cultivated by the mountaineers of Tipra.
Jyeshthdnsa, also, Jyeshthottara, corruptly, Jeshtootter.
Jw U, Tibet. A coin or weight of silver = 3 mdshas, fabri
cated at Ladakh : five are egual to one Farakhabad rupee. |
K.
KABALA, also, corruptly, CoBOLA, KUwALLA, KoALA, K0
BALA, KoOBALAs KAwALLA•
JKabala-mildmi, H. (,"ं,
sale) Deed of sale.
JKat-kabala-be-miadi, H. A conditional agreement as to
terms, but not as to time.
JKabin-ndma, incorrectly, JKacin-ndma.
JKabuliyat, also, corruptly, 6टuobooleut, C0obooleat, Kub00
leeat, Caboolyat, Kaboolet.
JKabul.jamd, H. Stipulated rent or revenue, that which is
assented to or agreed upon.
JKabul-khat, corruptly, JKirbool-khut : a written assent or
agreement.
JKabis-hdl, H. (A. J'-, now) A person in actual possession.
JKabgrodr, H. (A. Ab4ंJ) In the way of seisure or distraint.
JKabgro4rpainadish, H. (P. O*४५*५) Measurement of an
estate to determine the extent of seguestration.
Kachchat (?), incorrectly, Cuchat, and Kutchat, Mal. A bill
of sale or note of goods delivered, and payment received :
a palmyra leaf stamped; with the collector’s acknowledg
ment of the instalments receiwed from the cultivator, and
a note of the lands he holds : also, any rough account of
money received.
KADA, or KANDA, (?) Gu८. Bed to detain water for rice cul
tivation, whence it is applied to rice soil in general.
JKafal-kar, erroneously, JKafeel-kar, H. A responsible agent.
KAG, (?) Beng. A small division of money of account less
than a ganda of kauris.
KAHAN : also, a measure of grain or straw.-Burdwan.
KAHRARAT, (?) GuZ. Grass land, pasture ground (?)
JKaichittu, commonly, JKaicluit : also, any note, any written
memorandum.
581
KAN
JKaikdmam-pttttam, also, laxly, JKaikdnam, corruptly, JKay
kanom, Koyeekanom.
JKainiioala, H., as applied to land, land cultivated by Kaini
or wassal tenants.-Kamaon. *
Kaippamam, corruptly, JKag/panum : also, a portion brought
by a wife.
JKaipattu, vulgarly, JKं/put.
KAJIAR, (!) H. A sub-tenant, an actual cultivator (perhaps
for Kairyakar).
Kila-banjar H. (from J४, time, and As५, barren) Land
left fallow for a considerable time after cultivation.
KALAf, corruptly, KULLwE, H. &c. (S. ८.४५४, कलाई) The
name of various kinds of pulse generally cultivated.
KALA, KALAM, also, corruptly, KALLOM.
JKalasandi-lattali, (:) Tam. A particular ceremonial in the
temple of Kumbhisroara, at Kumbhakonam, for which lands
are assigned.
JKalasi-cero, Gus. (a३.ा॥, a tax) A tax on grain at so much
the JKalast measure.
KALATRf, or KALLATRf, Sindh. The head man of a caste
or trade, who collects the duties lewied on the rest.
KAI.AR, corruptly, KULLUR: also, barren Soil.
JKali-barं, Beng.(वर्जिी,a house) Atempleofthegoddess Kali.
KALINGAL : also, a stone facing or embankment for keeping
the water of a reservoir at a uniform lewel
KALLAPURA, (!) Mal, A small cottage.
KALTAR, Gu2. (%&t०1२) Estimated produce of a crop.
JKameham-kaltar, Gu2. (from S. काण , a particle)" Exaction
of the revenue on the full estimated amount of the crop.
Ubha-kaltar, Gu2. (३अtu, standing) Estimate of a stand
ung crop
JDohora-kaltar, incorrectly, JDhora, Gu2. (ंuष्टu8%&{०t२)
Allowance in favour of the cultiwator of one half of the
estimated amount of the crop.
Samc4-kaltar, Gu2. (*(१u%&t०t२) Allowance of a fourth of
the estimate of the crop to the cultivator.
KALwAR,H.(ु/ |% ) Adistiller and vender of spirituous liguors.
KAMIN ः also, a landholder to whom the office of collecting
the gowernment rewenue of a willage or estate is delegated.
KAMUL, () Mal. Head of a family (?).
KAN, KUN, Mar. (S. कण) A particle : a share, a part : a
definite portion of an inheritance.
JKambatdi, incorrectly, JKhumbattai, H. (.stं) Apportion
ment of the crops amongst the coparceners of a willage :
egual division of the crop.
7 r
 KAN
JKanakkappillai, also, corruptly, Com060pilly : also, any
clerk or accountant.
’ kamakkuraibam ः also, a promissory acknowledgment of a
balance with collateral security for its liguidation : also, a
settlement of accounts.
KANARA, (:) Aclass ofherdsmen and cattle dealers-Khandesh.
Kanch, (:) H. A weight of gold dust= to a tol4.-Kamaon.
KAND, Gu2. (%०९) An oblong umburnt brick used in con
structing wells : a well made of such bricks.
KANDAwARAM, (?) Mal. Future rent by estimate. .
KANDAwA : money-rent.
KANDEGAH, (?) A separate division of willage lands.
Chinglepat.
KANDUR, (?) H. A ravine.
KANi t also, a land measure in Chittagong, being one-tenth
of a drain ; but there are two kinds according to Shdhā or
to Maghi measurement, the Shdhā-hdmi being, accord
ing to some, four times, and to others, eight times the
extent of the Maghi, the latter of which is ordinarily
measured by a rod of eight hdths, and consisting of 24 such
rods long by 20 broad ; sometimes it is of half that extent,
or l2 rods by 10: it is also used in Chittagong for a rice
meaSure.
KANKARA, (!) Gu2. Salt in crystalli2ed lumps.
KANKoTRf, Gu2. (%०%ueta) A note of inwitation from an
individual, or from one village to another, to a wedding.
KANNI, corruptly, KANI, KHANI, KANy, Mal. (ces6r?), from
S. कन्या, a wirgin) The Malayalam month in which the
।sun is in Wirgo (Aug.-Sept.) : the crop sown at that time
gathered in the spring.
KANS, GuZ. (%u०&l) A canal for drainage or irrigation.
JKanthā-mahamtdt, H. A necklace put on the neck of a
newly-elected Mahant, or head of a religious establish
ment, as a mark of his election.
KANTf, (?) Beng. Indigo stubble.
KAN wA : also, an outlet in a dam to let off any excess of
water.
KAN wA, less correctly, KANIA, Mal. (८boo), S. कन्या) A gold
coin of the value of about five rupees, the Venetian sejuin,
from having the figure of the wirgin on one face.
Kanydddinam,corruptly, Cunnikadhamum, Kunhitcadamum.
Kanydpatri, Hindi (S. कन्यापाची) A girl married by the
Gdndluarba form, or Simple mutual consent.
Jंang/d:ulkam, corruptly, Cunnihasoolkum, Cammiasolaken,
Karn. (S. शुल्क, a dower) Money paid by the bride
582
KAR
groom, to the father of the bride, intended as a dower for
her benefit.
KARA : tax.
Ahara, incorrectly, Ukra, H. (S. अ neg., कार:, tax) Exempt
from tax, rewenue-free.
Sahara, incorrectly, Sukra, H. (स with, कर:, tax) Bearing
tax, subject to revenue payment.
Akaria-m6fiddr, H. A holder of land not paying tax or
reWenue.
KARA, corruptly, KoRRAH, (?) Beng. A money of account,
a subdivision of a ganda.
JKarktin-daftar, Mar. The office of a revenue accountant.
JKdrmacati, fem. of Kdrmaoam : a female manager or re
presentative.
Karpard4ं, H. (P.Gle,५, who transacts) An agent, a re
presentative, a manager.
JKarsdsः : also, a forgery, a fabrication.
JKairiyahairam: also, Kariyagdr, corruptly, Cdria//ar, Karn.
(ठाढe०ऽS7त्ळॐ),
Karya ?'d/akam, vulgarly, Karayom rayagom, (?) Mal.
Permanent service in a temple.
Karyasthan, corruptly, JKaryustum, Karistem, Mal. (cexpo2)
Croprrt) An agent, a manager, a man of business, an
attorney, an advocate.
KARAHi,also,corruptly, KURHAEE, KURHAo ; also, a cauldron,
a large iron Sugar-boiler.
JKardhi, also, Kardhā-ditya, vermacularly, Kardhā-dip.
JKarai-olai, or Karai/0lai, less correctly, Karai-ola, Tam.
(EcoxDr6LLITºo) A written specification of the limits
of an estate : a deed transferring a share of a willage.
JKaraiyidu, corruptly, Coryeed00, Karayeed.
KARAL, KARRAI, (?) Tel. Hard, compact, black soil on the
plains of the Krishna, reduiring copious rains to be worked.
JKaramkar, for Karmmahdr, Beng. (कङ्गभदेहि) An agent,
a broker.
JKaram.cero, Gu2. : rather, a tax on trades.
JKairamacam : also, the head of a united family, authorised
to manage all its affairs, although not invariably so doing.
JKardr?, H. (.9)*) What is firm : as applied to land it
means that of which the title is unguestionable : also, that
which was the original extent.
JKardi ः also, it is sometimes maintained that among the
J{tts the connection entitles the woman to the rights of a wife.
JKardit-mardt, corruptly, Kurrat-murrat, H. (A. ५-]~ ५-',*)
Repeatedly, ower and ower.
 KAR.
Karayma-hdnam, (?) Mal. A tenure of the nature of a | KAT : sometimes used for Kat-habdla, but laxly, also in the
mortgage, but perpetual (?) sense of a mortgage.
KARB, (?) Gug. A small plough for cleansing the ground Katala-nimah, (?) H. Rock salt.
before sowing.
KARBA, otherwise KADBA, KADBf.
KARBARi, (?) Gu2. A kind of hoe for clearing away the
weeds between rows of corn or cotton.
KARBrCH, (?) Tib. A sheep's saddle-bag as a measure of
capacity for grain, salt, &c., varying from four to sixty mdlis.
KARDA, (?) Gu८. A detailed register of the lands in each of
the government willages.
KARDE, (?) Mar. Acultivator holding land under a Khot,५. v.,
and paying him a varying rate of assessment.
KARGAFr, H. (P. As9%) A weaver’s loom.
JKargaPut, incorrectly, JKhargeha, H. (*? A tax upon
looms- __
KARHoR, (?) H. Thatching grass.
Karikatama, (?) Asam. House tax.
KARIRAPATRA, (?) Uriya. A running receipt.
JKap4sid, GuZ. (%५u*{1न्utu) Cotton seed.
KARSA (perhaps for Karsha) A farm, an estate (?), a kind
of tenure (?).
kartā-putra, or -putri, H. 9ं9% .9*५-) Any son or
daughter who performs a father’s obseduies, and is there
fore considered entitled to the inheritance ः (although the
claim is sometimes set up it is of doubtful validity).
KARU, Mar. (कारू) An artificer.
Kdratndraं, Mar. (कारूनाख्यः) The artisans of a willage, as
the carpenter, blacksmith, potter, &c.
KARwA-KUNBf : a division of the Kumbf tribe.-GuZerat.
KAs, Mar. (कास) An estate, the lands belonging to a willage
or an association of willages.
Kisbandi, Mar. (कासबंदी) Assessment of a village in por
tions, according to the guality of the land, as determined
by the Paitāls.
Kasbditi, GuZ. (%२avtu०{l) An inhabitant of a Kasba, or
town, usually a Mohammadan convert : also, a designation
of a class of willages in GuZerat held by Mohammadans
of the principal Kasba or town.
JKasbं, Kashim, H.(L•*~*)A
woman of the town, a prostitute.
Kasaoargam, Kasaiargamddr,(?)Tam. Traders and makers
of camvas sacks, residing in a village and claiming certain
fees and perguisites, having a proprietary right to their
houses, but not to the ground on which they stand.
KASHT : also, a tract of cultiwated land, a farm.
छे88
KHA
JKathi.jangal, H. Thicket reserved for firewood.
KATAR, KUTTUR, (?) (perhaps for Khata) A book or shop
account. _
KATBA : also an application to arrest a sale of property.
Bombay Reg. iw. 1827, cl. 67.
KATHOR, (?) GuZ. General term for all kinds of pulse.
KATHwo, less correctly, KUNTwA, GuZ. (%४āt) A wooden
frame for Supporting the sides of unbuilt wells.
Kathi-ijaraddr, (!) H. An under-renter or farmer : (the
first is perhaps an error for Katkāna).
JKatkinaddr, corruptly, JKothinadar: also, in some places,
an under-renter in the third degree.
katnamu : also, a fee paid to musicians, and the like.
JKattalai : also, expenses of an idol or temple : an endow
ment : worship, service. *
KATTI,(?)Beng. An excavation in a rice-field, for catchlng fish.
_Kattuguttijai, also, blunderingly, Cattoocolejay, Catgudd/.
-kaul-ndma : also, written rules on the subject of rent.
JKaulpatram, Mar. (पचं, a leaf) A deed of agreement.
KAURDA, (?) GuZ. Riceºland, land Suited for rice cultivation:
also, a salt-pan at the works on the borders of the Pam.
KEORI, (?) H. The name of a caste, or of an individual
belonging to it, in the north-west provinces, whose chief
occupation is garden cultivation, and that of the poppy,
Sugar-cane, and other valuable products.
KETU, Mal. (6)८6-5) A term, a condition, a stipulated term
for payments.
Ketuhanam, Kerhanom,(?) Mal. Foreclosure of a mortgage.
JKhabar-rasdn, H. (P. ७५“9 , causing to arrive) A courier,
a messenger : in Bundelkhand the willage messenger.
KHAEKAR, Hindi (खाष्टकग्) Old occupant, non-proprietary
cultivator, not unfreguently the descendant of a Thottrcdn,
or proprietor, who had been superseded by a new grantee
(from Khdna, to eat, and Kar, the revenue, probably the
more correct form of Khdehar)-Kamaon.
KHAIR, (?) Beng. Land of an inferior ५uality.
JKhairat, also, corruptly, JKherat.
KHAJA, (?) H. Ouit-rent paid in kind.-Kamaon.
KHAk, or KHAGAM, (?) Tibet. Measure of cloth ; the breadth.
KHALA, also, corruptly, KULLw.
JKhaliam, also, corruptly, JKulleam.
Khalifa : also, the superintendant of a mosgue.
 KHA
KHAM ः also, the revenue of a village before any deductions
are made for cost of cultivation, charges of collection, wil
lage disbursements, &c. : also, in the north-west provinces,
it is used sometimes in the sense of Kachchd, as a JKhdm
bijhd, and the like.
KHAMAR, also, incorrectly, KAMAR: also, a farm, a farm-yard.
JKhangi-khdmdr, Beng. Land held by an individual under
JKhdmdr tenure.
Kh48, or Khdlsa-khdmdr, barbarously, JKoss-komar, Beng
Privateland,land uncultivated by the proprietor.-Birbhttm.
Mal-khdmdr, Beng. Paying the revenue to gowernment in
money, but realising the amount in kind from the culti
wators by the landlord.
KHAN, (!) Mar. A part t a division of a house (perhaps an
error for Ka.). " JKhatdiimi, also Goshmodra-khataini, H. An account of the
Khdna-kirdiya, H. (५],*, rent) House-rent : ground-rent.
JKhanagi-dahhl, H. (P. d)e-o, entrance) Occupation or
possession of a village : taking up a residence in it.
Khandhair, or Kandhar, (!) H. Included, as a portion of
an estate, land, fields, &c.
JKhand-sdl, H. (J५ *ंe-, from S. शाला) A sugar-boiling
house.
JKhamd-sdrः, H. (-9५“ Jºs) A sugar-boiler or manufacturer.
KHANDAGA, corruptly, CUNDAGUM.
KHANDELA, (?) H. Rent-free land granted to servile cultiva
tors, termed Halis, by their masters.-Kamaon.
KHANDI, (?) Beng. A portion of the lands of an estate, as
Upar-khandi, upper-land ; Nicl-khandi, low-land (it is
probably only a modification of khand, a part or portion
in general).
KHANDU Ri, (?) H. The name of a principal tribe of Brah
mans in Garhwal.
KHAR ः also, the name of a plant the ashes of which yield
soda (Coronylon Griffithii).
KHARAR, Sindh. A grain measure, usually rated at 60 Kasas
of two daris, each dari = to 7 Patois, and l Patoi =
4 Chuntdis.
JKhdrdj{ः hence also considered eguivalent to being had or
possessed, land, an estate.
_Kharij{:jand, also sometimes read Kharijjam4-aima.g. v.
_Khirij-patta, corruptly, Kharjee-pottah, H. (from Aुः, a
lease) A lease of a detached or separated portion of an estate.
Kharid-khat, Mar. (खरीदखत) A deed of sale : a fee to the
willage accountant for drawing it up.
KHAS, (?) H. A granary, a place where grain is stored.
छ84
KHI
JKhds-dakhl, H. (P.c)se,entrance) Taking actual possession.
JKhas-patit, H. (e-G.U०5-, S. पतितः, fallen) Government
land left uncultivated.
Kh4s-patti-char, Beng. (from प्ऋ , a sand-bank) An alluvial
accession to an estate taken possession of by the gowernment.
.Khasra-taksim, H. (A. ~*, division) A register of shares
or divisions, a register of persons in a willage subject to
ground-rent for the sites of their houses.
KHAT, Asam. Land recowered from the wilderness and the
hereditary property of the clearer.
JKhaita-bahi, corruptly, JKhatboe, JKhatabye.
KHATA, Gu८., also applied to the holding of a P4tid4r, or
to any estate of definite extent ः it is sometimes calculated
by the number of ploughs reguired for its cultivation.
total willage lands and particulars of their distribution.
JKheroat-khataiimi, H. An account of the willage manage
ment, the distribution of the lands, and names and rights
of the occupants.
KHATELf, (?) Mar. A cultivator paying revenue direct to the
government.
JKhatpatr, Beng. (S. पच, a leaf) A written promise or en
gagement
KHATTA, KHATrf, Hindi (खच्वा, खच्ली) A grain pit, a hollow
in which grain is preserved.
KHEL, (?) Asam. A tribe, a clan.
KHELA,(?) Beng. Waste land (perhaps a mistake for Khil,५.v.}
JKhetbat, also, corruptly, JKhitbut.
KHETTAN, (?) Beng. Land held at a fixed rate.
KHEwAT, corruptly, KHEEwUT, H. (ex*) also, a record of
the particulars of the administration of a willage, specifying
the names of the occupants and all circumstances connected
with their occupancy : the term is of comparatively recent
introduction in the north-west provinces, being much the
same as the Wdjib-al-ar2ं, g. w. : it also occurs in the
sense of rent, of settlement or assessment, and of a share
in a coparcenary willage : it seems to be very laxly used,
and is nowhere precisely defined.
JKhercat-ddr, H. (P.)le, who has) The holder of a share
in a coparcenary willage.
JKhichrं, corruptly, JKeecheree : also, miscellaneous charges
or taxeS.
KHIDMAT, also, corruptly, KISMUT, KHIZMUT.
JKhddim : also, one who has charge of a religious beguest
or endowment.
 RH0
JKhddima, H. A concubine.
KHoJ, H. (e*) Tracking any thing lost or escaped.
KHoN, (?) Hindi. A grain pit.
KHoND, (?) The name of the barbarous people occupying the
hilly and jangli country on the west and north-west of
Orissa ः their more correct appellation is JKuः.
KHoR, (?) Gu2. An allowance in favour of the cultivator of
ten or twenty per cent. upon the estimated crop.
KHoRJAM : also, a grain measure--Malabar.
KHoTA, or KHOT ः also, in the Konkan, the Khot by wirtue
of an original grant from the state or by employment, as
hereditary revenue officer, has come to hold the position
of a Zamindar, and to claim hereditary and proprietary
right in the land, exacting from the cultivators annually
as large a proportion of the crop as he can enforce.
JKhotpatra, Mar. (खोतपच) A deed of contract for the
sale of a crop, a fee to the willage accountant for drawing
it up.
JKhotiodr, Mar. (खोतवारं) Settlement of a village through
a farmer or Khot.
JKhumtaiti, corruptly, JKhootaitee.
JKhur-0-posh : also, allowances for personal expenses.
Khurish-poshish, H.(U**}: U9*-) Allowance for personal
` expenses.
JKhush-bash, also, corruptly, JKoosh-bash, Khoos-bas : also,
in Tippera, especially if the occupant be a relative or
dependant of the Zamfndar : in the Haiderabad country, it
usually denotes the inhabitant of a willage who is lightly
assessed, or wholly exempt, on account of his character or
| services, as a Brahman, a schoolmaster, a dancing girl, a
Jangam, or a servant of the community.
Khush-bdsh4-jamd, H. An easy or guit-rent.
JKihanam, Keekamom, (?) Mal. (perhaps for Kaihanam) A
Sub-mortgage.
KII.AyrAI, KIZHAMAl, Tam. (eºl.५acoxua) A day of the week,
the names of the Tamil days are, with two exceptions,
peculiar ; although, as in the rest of the Hindu kalendars,
they are named after the planets, as Nayiru (प्रTru-ng)
the sun ; Tingal (eºreueB6fT), the moon ; Secody (Geou
6urTui), Mars; Buden (-्ठं'), Mercury ; Wiyalam
(Gulu-rrgata),Jupiter; Welli(Gou6fr6rf); Sani (Pcof),
Saturn. _
JKirdya-ndma, H. (P. &aं, a document) A document en
gaging to pay certain hire or rent, and endorsed with the
periodical payments.
585
KUD
JKirdā-magdi, Mar. (कीदं नगदी) Cash account, account of
money received.
JKis4n-kadim, H. An ancient cultivator : in some places the
same as the Maurisi, or hereditary cultivator, and having
the right of sale and mortgage of their lands, and many
of the privileges of proprietorship except those of electing
the JDambardair.
KIST, also, corruptly, CIST.
KI' ं, also, corruptly, KITTEH : also, a parcel of land, a por
tion of willage lands.
KoDAMBAN,(?) Karn. Head ofa willage of Pallar,or outcastes.
KGL : also, a carpenter’s rod, =2 feet 4 inches.
KOLHU, incorrectly, KOLOO.
KoLLUKANAM, (?) Mal. Fine on renewal of a lease.
KoRADU, (?) Karn. A raised flooring of brick work.
KosHTHf, corruptly, KoosHTEE, Beng. (८दशंी) A horoscope.
_Kothi-bans, II. (U~～५) A grove or clump of bambus.
Jkothd : also, a house or hut in general.
JKoth4-khdm, H. (,५-, unbaked) A house of clay or un
burnt bricks.
KoTHARU ः or more correctly the platform on which salt is
heaped and stored after it is brought from the pans.
KoTTARAM, Mal. (Gºc5-239(o०) A palace, a temple, a place
where the property of a temple is kept, and its affairs
managed t a branch or Subdivision of a JKopilakam or
section of a Rāja's family in Malabar.
JKouilakam, also, corruptly, JKolgum t also, a political sub
division of Malabar gowerned by a separate Rāja.
KowAMA, (?) Mal. Principal of a temple (perhaps for K0
3/imma, authority),
_Kranti, also, corruptly, JKuranth : also, in Cuttack, a division
of a pie, one-twentieth, (?),
JKraya-ndma, H. (P. *at#, a voucher) A bill of sale.
4oadhi-kraya, corruptly, -4aridy-kraya, Karn. (S. स्रवधि।,
a limit) A sale for a term, a conditional sale, becoming
absolute if the purchase-money is not repaid before the
term expires.
JKrishndrpan, corruptly, JKishmarpum, Kisharpum.
KUpALI, Tel. (ऽ०ॐ&)) The contiguity or meeting of boun
daries : a boundary : a boundary mark.
JKudilattu, (?) Mal. A union of several villages,
JKudima, also, corruptly, JKodima.
JKudimaंjammam, Mal. Holding land on a guit-rent,
JKuditara, (?) Tam, Willage accounts, shewing the ५uantity
and description of land belonging to each proprietor.
7K
 KUD
JKudiyirippu, (?) Tam. Land in a village on which houses
are or may be built.
Kudiyulacu, (?) Tam. Right of cultivation.
KUpUMBAsr, KUpUMBU, Tam. (GOta-lta, C)Stat-, S.
JKutumba, ५. v.) A family, a race.
JKudumbu-hdmiyditchi,Tam. (see Kaniyatchi) Family here
ditary property.
JKalachdra ः also, corruptly, JKolachar,
JKalbab-al-hdnain, Mar. (कुलचाब कुल कानून) A phrase
used in grants or samads to imply the unreservedness and
absoluteness of the grant, with all rights and privileges
attaching to the land.
JKuldrg : add, who are sometimes considered the same as
JDhdrdharis, G. v. ः the term is also applied to cultivators
paying a fixed rent, either to government direct or through
the head mam, which rent cannot be increased except upon
a new survey and assessment.
JKuldrji, Mar. (कुन्ठारगी) A tenure by indiwiduals or fami
lies holding land at fixed rates, alterable only upon a new
survey and assessment.
KULBA ः its subdivisions are termed kidr, 1)do,.jet, med, pom,
ganda. kauri.
KULI, or KUZHI, also, corruptly, CoowIE.
_Kitli-7uddm, (?) H. Furnishing supplies of fodder and food
to government officers, troops, and travellers.-Kamaon.
JKitli-hdmam, corruptly, K00yeekamom, K00/kamom.
JKumbi : the caste in Gu2erat is divided into two principal
classes termed Karrga-kumbi, and Lempa-kumbi : in some
places there is a third distinction, that of Aijra-kumbi,
which partakes more of the Rajput character.
KUNCHAM U : also, a measure of land.
KUNDA, H. (l3ं) A shallow pan, a small earthen dish, an
earthen vessel in which molasses and the like are carried.
KUNKUMA, or KUNUMA, (?) Tel. Gift of land or property
to a daughter or sister.
Kt RA, (?) Mal. Right, property.
Illam-hdra, (?) Mal. Private property.
Sicaripa-haira, (?) Mal. Rank or dignity.
KURAy KoORRAH, (?) H. Apportionment of different Shares
in an estate (perhaps for the A. Kurdh, casting lots).
JKura-takstm, (?) H. A specification of the apportionment
or distribution of the shares of an estate.
KURAN, Mar. (कुराणं) Grass land.
KURFAy KURPHA, KoORPAH, (?) IBeng. A sub-tenure in
western Bengal, in which the occupant holds of a Khaid
580;
LAT
kdsh८ cultivator, and is not recognised by the Zamfndār :
the lease sometimes makes ower the whole of the rights of
the lessor, but it is more usually for a specified term, or
at pleasure.
JKarfaddrः A sub-tenant.
KU RHAL, (?) Mar. Low underlying land in Khamdes, of a
reddish tint, capable of bearing spring crops.
KURI : it is larger than a Mam, smaller than an 4rha.
KURPHA is probably wrongly explained ; see Kurfa.
KURRU, CooRRoo, (?) Tel, The name of a migratory race
in the ceded districts.
KURUKAM, vulgarly, KURKAM, (?) Tam. A land measure.
KUT : also, a cess, a tax, a rate.
Kuj/ucarkam-pamayam,(?)Mal, A lease on mortgage tenure.
KUwIKUR, corruptly, KoowKooR.
D..
IA Btj Df, H. (P. ५.se*) Personal expenses.
LAG, LAGAT, (?) H. Expenses incurred in cultivation, irri
gation, &c., whether on account of any one cultivator or
of the village : an account of them in either case kept by
the Pat?od?“1.
Jagdn1-jamd, H. (***-८3ं) A rate of rent fixed in per
petuity.-Maimansinh.
LAGf : also, a measuring rod or pole.
LAGrr, incorrectly, LUGorr, H. (ee-A) Account of rent for
the year, including balances of former years kept by the
JPatmºd?’{.
Lagit-hdsht, H. (--*४c“-8) Rent of land according to
a stipulated rate : an account kept of such rent.
IAGUJARI, Karn. (Cणव7०eछब्)०) Rent-free land.
LA KHIRAJ, also corruptly, LACKERAGE, LACKERAJ, LEP
AREERAZEE.
Zdkhirdj-abirdbःjama, H. (see 4broab and Jama) Land
held at a guit-rent.
JDakhirdj-bdist, H. (e-०५५, S. वास्तु) Ground on which a
house is built held rent-free.
JDakota, Tibet. A silver ingot stamped at Lhasa, current in
the hills.
IANKA, Tel. (००*, from S. लंका, the island of Ceylon)
An islet in a river yielding grass, timber, &c. ः land left
dry by the recession of a river, whilst the water remains
round it, forming a small island.
IATTA, also, incorrectly, I,0TTA.
 LAW
Jaicad-mdma,Mar., GuZ. Deed ofarbitration, written award.
Lamudeima ः also, willage papers especially.
LBwA,Hindi (लेवा) Paste used in forming the shells of opium
cakes
LIKSU, Asam. A pdik or armed peasant assigned as a labourer
or Slave to a great officer of state.
JDihham ः also, a note of acknowldgement
I,0BHA, vernacularly, I,oBH, S. &c. (लोभ) Cowetousness,
greedy desire, and, by inference, corruptibility, venality
Lobha, S. &c. (लोभी) Covetous, greedy ; whence, venal, cor
rupt ः also, subst., bribery, corruption.
L0DIKHANA, or LU Df KHANA, (!) H. A sort of measurement
formerly in use in Bahar.
ILot-bandi ः also, notice or advertisement of the sale of an
eState.
Lt BHf, more correctly, ILOBHf, H. (*'। S. लोभी) Covetous,
greedy, insatiable ; whence, by inference, it has been ruled
rather laxly to signify wenal, corrupt, open to bribery.
M.
JMablagh-bandi : also, sum total.
MAFKt D, also occurs as Mgfhttd-ul-khabar.
MAGAR, (?) Karn. A gift promised to a bride at marriage.
Maghrabiः also, a small gold coin current on the Malabar
coast, a Wenetian seguin or Dutch ducat.
Mahattr4m, also, corruptly, IMohoteram, Mohatramm, M0
huthram.
Mahal-mildn{, H. (from U}L०, to cause to find) A record
kept in the collector’s office of the several shares of an estate.
MAHR ः madjil, corruptly, mouiju! : mumrajil, corruptly,
mongijul.
Mahrdina, corruptly, Mohurramma : also, a present made
or promised to the bride by the bridegroom at the time
of marriage, by way of dower.
Majmudddr : also, in Asam, a registrar or Secretary, espe
cially of a religious conference.
M AJxtt N,Gu2.(*t०४ंशु॰t,fromA.JMagmaim /**-4०,additional)
Additional land notincluded in the shared lands of a Warmga
willage,sometimes cultivated by the shareholders, sometimes
let to strangers.
MAKARAM, vulgarly, MAGAR0M, Mal. (S. मकर) The sign
Capricornus ः the month in which the sun enters it (Now.
Dec.) : the crop sown in the cold-weather season.
MA KHAL, (?) GuZ. Division of the government and culti
587
MAN
vator’s share of the crop by weight, taken on the thresh
ing-floor.
MARRATTAwAM, Mal. (2c86)(oropo2)०) Inheritance by the
male line.
JMail.japti, for IMal-2abt{, Gu2. An officer appointed by the
state, but paid by the willage to prevent the removal of any
of the crop from the threshing-floor till authorised by the
collector.
MALAf, Mar. (मळई) Rich or alluwial ground along the banks
of rivers : a field of garden or meadow land.
MALHA K, H. (A. ७-*ं) Joining, contiguous, adjacent.
MALIK, also, corruptly, MALLEK : also, a Mohammadan cul
tivator in GuZerat.
JMalik-mukarrariddr, H. A possessor of an estate or farm
on a perpetual fixed rate of rent or revenue, apparently
not the original proprietor, but one who by long possession
claims to be considered as Midlik or proprietor.
JMdlihdma ः it is also applied in some places, as in Tirhut,
to land occupied rent-free, instead of rent for the whole
estate : also to an annual allowance lewied from the cul
tivators in the character of a Mttlik or original proprietor
or under his authority, or as purchased from him : in the
north-west provinces the Malikttna is sometimes rated
higher than the regulation rate.
MAMTUA, H. (A. 8**ं) A concubine, a temporary wife.
MAMUL, MAMULi, Beng. (मांशूल, पांशूनी, A. U;*~०) Esta
blished, customary, usual.
JMdmaili-bdttd, IBeng. (गोपूनी वाँl) Customary premium or
discount ; usual difference of exchange. See Batta.
IMamaikattu, corruptly, Manicut.
MANDAPA, corruptly, MUNDUB.
MANDHAN, (?) Gu2. Assessment on each cultivator, agreeably
to a stipulated rate for a certain number of ploughs,
whether actually used or not.
MANDI, MANDOOw, also, MUNDwEE.
MANI, (!) H. A grain measure.-Gorakhpur.
MANKUHA, H. (A. &-;ं) Married, a legally married wife.
See IVikdh.
MANNEvADU : also, a title assumed by the great Zamfndārs
in the northern Sarkārs.
JMannecada-kacali, Tel. (Sश्39) The duty of preserving
the public peace entrusted to the Zamfndārs : revenue of
certain lands set apart for the maintenance ofa police, and
expenses of preserving the public peace.
MANNiPAM, MANNiPU, incorrectly, MANIPAM, Tam. (uccष्ठा
 MAN
cर्य-Ita, Locoार्क्ष्यL) Exemption from revenue, remission
of gowernment demand, rent-free tenure.
MANTA, (!) Tam. A grain measure, subdivision of a Tim.
~'Mangºir : it is sometimes written across a paper or bond
to authenticate it, and confirm its acceptance.
MAP : also, a measure of grain in the husk.
'ffind, GuZ. (*tt५t) A fee of two per cent. on the sale
of grain paid to the willage Banya. _ Tam. (from the A. ijard, farm, and kaul, assent) A deed
~'/d//trki, Mar. (मापारकी) A portion of grain out ofeach
measure of the crop, the perguisite of the Pattl, also of
the Whdr.
MARA KKAL : the term is also applied in Madura to a mea
।sure of land : perhaps as much as reduires such a guantity
of seed.
MARAMyrAT, also, corruptly, MURHUMMUTः it is also applied
in law language to an amended plaint or plea : also, IIMa
ramumat-samudl.
J/aracarttama, (:) Tel. Fees and perguisites of the here
ditary willage accountant (!).
MARHALA, H. (A. 4-9-3) A Btage, a station, a police-station
on the great roads at certain distances.
MARRA, (!) H. Platform in a field for watching crops.
MARwAL, (?) H. Rent-free land granted to the heirs of a
person deceased.
MARyADA, corruptly, MURIADw : also, any customary com
pliment or privilege, as the right of being the first invited,
the first presented with betel, and the like.
MAsALfA-BAND-o-BAST, () A voluntary settlement or assess
ment.-Chittagong.'
MATHA, also, MATHAM, corruptly, MADUM.
JMathddhi-pati, corruptly, Madathā-putty, Karn. (S. मधि
पfत, chief) Hegd of a religious establishment.
MATTIAL, H. (JAGa) A hollow, a pit.
MAULA, Gu2. A measuring rod of the length of 20 feet
?ं inches.
Maurdsi ः Ghair-maurusi, other than hereditary ः it is
sometimes used, though iasly, to signify a temant at will.
Maurं-aima, H. Hereditary rent-free tenure, See Aima.
-Mausind, corruptly, Maussina, IMoacnal, IMonoa।2na.
MAwAJIB, corruptly, MowAJrB, H. (A. ५--';०) Salaries,
pensions : applied in Cuttack to a grant of rent-free land
for services, and held by actual cultivators.
MAwAR, (!) Gu2. Light sandy soil.
MAZi ः in marriage contracts it is sometimes considered es
sential to their walidity that this word magi, done, or past
588
MOK
and gone, Should be pronounced by the contracting parties
before witnesses,
MEHER-GIL-ANDAZI, (!) H. The enclosure of an embankment.
Mel-sddhanam, Karn. A conditional deed of mortgage, the
pledge being forfeited if the loan is not repaid by a given
term. _
JMelodra-ijdra-kaul, corruptly, Melirarem-e2ara-corcle,
of lease of the proprietor’s share of the produce.
JMeludram ः it is used sometimes, rather laxly, for the share
। claimed by a proprietor or landlord from a temant, especially
in the case of rent-free land where there is no gowernment
claim.
JMalc4ram-tirrodā ः also, the claim of the landlord upon
his tenant.
JMeluaippu, corruptly, Melcappu.
-Melodyippa, corruptly, Melceppu.
lfend, also, Mendh, Cमंढ).
ME0 : the word is an abbrewiation of Memoditi.
IMettukaran : also, a revenue peon
MEwAsI, corruptly, MEHEwASSEE, Gu८. (अtctu*{l) Held by
the Mercds tribe, a village, &c., paying tribute to the go
vernment in lieu of assessment•
MiGr KE, also, corruptly, MIGTE : also, nett produce.
JMihmatama, corruptly, Miltuntan५.
MiNAR, H. (A.)७५-०) A turret, the tower of a mosgue or
minaret : a post as a boundary mark or measure of dis
tance, a mile-stone.
MINHA, also, corruptly, MENAH : it is also laxly used for
rent-free in general.
MIRAS-PAT','A, IBeng. (भितांजश्रॉं) A lease with right of suc
cession.
MISL, corruptly, MissIL.
Wisl-karanant or when the office is held by seweral indi
widuals jointly.
JMisl-reddi : or rather one who represents several farmers
or proprietors and is responsible for the revenue.
ुIMisl-tiricdः : add, not having been fixed at the time of the
Survey.
MITI, (?) H. A piece of water, a pond.
JModgfat, (?) Late, lately deceased. See Musafat.
_Mudali, corruptly, JMoodell/.
MopAN : also, dry cultivation.
MofIAMAI, (!) Tam. A cess, a fee.
MoKA, (!) Sindh, Cultivation dependent on irrigation by canals.
 MOL MUZ

MoL-ISLAM,(?) Gu2. A Rajput converted to Mohammadanism. JMala2im, H. (A. pg"ं) A Servant, an attendant, a person
IMorama : local corruption of Malurdina, ५. w. employed to watch a debtor.
MOT, corruptly, MoHOT. MUMIN, incorrectly, MoM UN.
Mrigsttl, corruptly, Murgsal, or Mirgsal : as a revenue -Munafa, corruptly, Monafah : also, the surplus proceeds
term it is used for the commencement of the rewenue or nett profits of an estate.
year : it is also the cultivator’s or husbandman's year, Alfundndhih, Mar. (मुण्डवाहिक) A cultivator of a parcel of
commencing with the end of Waisdkh or beginning of village land at a stipulated rent.
J/eshth (May-June), when the grain is sown ः hence it MUNf B, corruptly, MoNEEB.
is applied to both the Sursam and Fasli years of the Mumim, corruptly, Momeem.
Marathas. MURAFAA, H. (A. &•#]~) A law-suit, an action.
-Muddfi-nasrdinaddr, H. (from Wacrdina, ५. v.) A property Mur4fi, H. (A. ं],०) A plaintift
exempt from revenue, but paying a fine or Guit-rent. MURI : also, relinguishment of rent or profit in fawour of
Aji-ndphi, (!) Mar. Absolute and entire exemption from another party.
rewenue payment. Muriं44li, corruptly, Moorisullah.
Aparn-ndphi, Mar.(S. चपूर्णै, incomplete) Partial exemption MUSAEDAT, (?) H. An embankment, a reservoir (!),
from rewenue payments. MUSAwI, corruptly, MosAwI, H. An embankment,a reservoir(!).
MUALEvr, corruptly, MALooM. JMushakhas; corruptly, Moshaksy. II/ushakhasi.jot, H. A
MUCHALKA, corruptly, MUTCHELKA. farm or lands held at a stipulated rent.
JMahafie : also, a registrar, a record-keeper. JMushakhasiddr, H. (P. )'e, who has) A landholder with
MU HARRI R, corruptly, MoHORER. whom a settlement has been made.

Sthita-maharrir, Beng. (S. स्यित, stayed) A permanent or -Musht : J9k-musht, Hindi. Ready-money payment, prompt
regular clerk. _ payment.
Utpanna-mularrir, Beng. (S. ऽंत्पन्न, produced) An occa MusHTARA KA, or MUsHTARIKA, H. (A. A%A4-॰) Held in
sional or extra clerk. common or partnership, land, &c.
MUHAsIL, H. (A. 9-०=*) Produce, profit, proceeds of an MUsi BAT, H. (A. ७*-~A4-2॰) Any urgent necessity or misfor
• estate, interest of money, &c. tune, Such as might justify alienation of trust property :
Mahassil, corruptly, Mussullee, H. (A. c)***) A bailiff, any unavoidable expense.
a collector, a tax-gatherer. MUSTAUFI, corruptly, MUSTAPHI : also, an officer deputed
Mahassilं, H. (A. .A-3=*) The office ofa collector of rent to get information on the spot where any transaction has
Or taxes. occured.

-Muhd2ir-khdma, corruptly, Masir-khamu, H. (P. *७5-, a MUTANAZA, H. (A. 8;Uं) Disputed, contested : in law,
house) A station-house, a place in a willage where persons under dispute or litigation.
apprehended are first secured. MUTAwALLI, also, corruptly, MUTowoLEE. *

Jfuhtarafa, also, incorrectly, Muhtarifa. MUwARo, GuZ. (चु१tरेt)

A dependent, an outlying willage,
Mijibdit, corruptly, Mojibat. a hamlet.

MUJMAL, H. (A. U} ***) An abstract, a compendium. MUZAFAT,plur.MUZAPAT,corruptly, MoDAPAT, H.(A.33L4०,

JMujmalam, incorrectly, Mujmilam, H. (A. ?L*ं) Com ५“-9.4०) Annexed, added, resumed, as lands : recent, late,
pendiously, summarily. as a person deceased : subst., annexations, additions,
MUKHBr R, H. (A. Ae**) An attesting witness to a deed. exemptions.
J/ukhtydr-ndmajdit-i-adm, H. (A. *, people) General or MUZAHIM, corruptly, MoZAHIM : also, one who brings a
universal power of attorney- _ cross action, or interferes in a suit, especially in order to
Mailasdsanam, S. &c. (मूलशासन) Primary deeds or docu obstruct proceedings.
ments, original title-deeds. TMusdhim?, H. (Ls*-9~) Action in bar of proceeding, a

Maila-ci//raha, S. &c. (विग्रहं, body) The chief idol of a cross suit.

temple. IMusdhimi-nathi, corruptly, Mochahimed-nuthee, (see Nuthi)

_
589 / I,
 MU2
Papers relating to a cross suit, or suit in hindrance of
proceedings.
MUZZIN, corruptly, MUZIN, H. (A. ७**) The crier of a । NIJARI,
mosgue, who summons the people to prayer.
N.
NAGAURA ः it is also applied to a superior breed of buffaloes
from Warcanagar.
]Vamima, also, erroneously, Mumoona : also, in Gu*, go
vernment register of assessment rates.
NANKAR : also, a rent-free grant of land for Service in lieu।
of pay.-Kamaon.
:Wdrukdru ः or rather the artisans of the willage, as the car
penter, &c.
NARwA : also, a share of a coparcenary willage.
2Varmud-santhela, (?) Gu2. (said to be from sant, an annuity)
An allowance payable to an original shareholder in a co
parcenary willage, whose share has from some cause been
taken from him or transferred to another, an allowance
eguivalent to Malikana or Wainkar in other parts of
India.
NASHiB, H. (A. ५---**ं) A declivity, uneven and low ground.
NAsi, (?) Beng. A drain.
AWattam-karam, also, corruptly, IWatamag4r, Natamaigar.
NATHi, corruptly, NUTTEE.
.Jairā-math{, H. (A. ५.9५- current) Papers or written orders
issued by a Court.
-Wattangal, (!) Tam. Land in which young plants of rice
are grown before transplanting : see Nadapu.
Natisht, Namuisht,H. (P.७…ँ,*) What is written, a writing.
Narisht-0-khiofin, H. (P. ७b*-9५-89;) A writing and read
ing, the execution of a legal deed or document, signing
and delivering or accepting.
NAwUTU, (?) Tel. A measure of grain = 4 kunchams.
Nistimat ः it is still applied in some places to land paying
a fixed rewenue in perpetuity to the state.
Nacardit, Vasurat, (?) H. Subject to a fine ः held under
।such a fine, but otherwise rent-free : also, land granted
to a Mohammadan tomb or religious establishment.
NERRA, (?) H. A reservoir of water.
NIGAR, (?) H. A water-course.
Nigar-balid, (!) H. A sluice, a cut from a reservoir that
may be opened and shut : or the terms may be used sepa
rately, IVi/ar being a channel or drain for carrying ofr
500
OTT
the waste water of a willage ; balud, one carrying off the
surplus water of a reservoir or river.
(:) H. Land bearing grain.
NIKAS : also, an account current.
Nikaist, also termed Nikdis{-jama-bandi : also, an account
shewing the value of the produce of an estate, the revenue
payment, and the nett profit : also, an account of the wil
lage lands kept by the Patirdrt.
NILAM ः as opposed to Pdramba it means land fit for any
other cultiwation than that of garden or orchard.
Nrwntin, Mar. (निंबूरं) Portion of corn, especially of Bijra,
in the ear or sheaf assigned to the willage servants.
Nishast.jamd, corruptly, IVishisht.jumma, H. (P. ५--~~~ं ।
a sitting or occupancy) Adjustment of rent with a tenant.
Niuesamamu, Viceshamam : also, such an extent as is fit
for a house : hence, also, building ground.
Nitlachairam, (:) Mal. A diworce granted to a wife.
O.
OpHA, Mar. (सोढा) A perguisite of the village scribe, as
much corn from each heap as he can grasp with both arms.
OGLA, (!) Gu2. Made upinto sheaves or bundles-corn.
OL, or WoL, Gu८. (२tt८५, वैtu८५) Payment made to preda
tory chiefs to induce them to abstain from pillage : black
mail.
OL, Mar. (स्रोळ्) A row, a line : a class.
OLA, it is also laxly used for any deed or document written
on the palm leaf
OLIA, (?) Gu2. A land measure in the northern part of the
Ahmadabad collectorate, छ0 double paces in length by 100
in breadth, or l25,000 sguare feet.
OMByA, Mar. चोन्या) A portion of wheat in the ear or sheaf,
the perguisite of the willage servants.
Oppandam, also sometimes defined a verbal contract.
OsRA, () H. Keeping watch in a willage by turns, each in
habitant taking the duty in succession.
OT BANDf ः also, an estimate of the probable outturn at some
future period.
Odambadike,also, Udambadihai,Tam. (2-ेrt-lu9-वै०ठुe).
OTAPADI, corruptly, OTHAPUDw, (:) Karn. A final account,
settlement of accounts.
Otti-anubhogam, Mal. A mortgage with usufruct.
Otti-miras, Tam. Occupation under mortgage tenure but
comprising Mirdst rights and privileges.
 PAD
P.
PADAwi, IPADoN, (?) Mar. A verandah.
PAiK : also, a subordinate collector of rents.
PAIDA, “H. (P. le५) Born, produced, created.
JPaiddmudr, Paiddrodrं, H. Produce of a field or an estate.
Jama-paiddingdr, H. The total amount of the produce of
an estate.
PAIGAR, (?) H. A ditch, a boundary.
PAIwAD, PwUD, (!) A sluice, an embankment ः a channel
for carrying off the surplus water of a reservoir : a channel
for letting in water on a large scale.
PA KHAR. H. 9*५) A canvas cowering or tarpaulin.
PA KILI, (?) H.. A net for holding straw for cattle to feed upon.
PALLA, H. (!:) A bag used as a definite measure, especially
for sugar.
JPan-bahd, (?) H. Distribution of betel to persons present
at an assembly as a mark of respect ः money expected as
an eduivalent of such compliment.
PANA ः it is sometimes considered synonymous with Patti.
Pamagya-patta-kuli-kdnam ः it occurs apparently, though
very corruptly, as Kooyacarakam-ponium, Kooymgarhom
paumagyom- _ to a particular settlement made with the Ryots of the
Panchahā-jam4, Beng. (१eश्रीञ्जभl) Rent payable on land
otherwise rent-free, a sort of Guit-rent.
Panchahā-mahattrdn, Beng. (भश्ङ्खन्)ि Land granted at a
Guit-rent to religious persons or Brahmans.
JPanchakā-maujaं, Beng. (८णॊञ्ज) A willage held at aduit-rent.
JKardrā-panchakijamd, Beng. (A. श्झट्ठिी) A perpetual
guit-rent.
JPanddra-katlai, (?) Tam. A parcel of land in a willage
paying rewenue direct to the government.
JPatin-ser, corruptly, JPaosher, H. &c. A ser, minus a
quarter : the term is applied also to any definite measure
of land minus one-fourth.
Parakudi, also, corruptly, JPooracoody.
PARA ः also, an outlying willage or hamlet.
PARAJUwA, (?) GuZ. Aland measure egual to three Olias,५. v.
PARASAM, (?) Tam. A nuptial gift.
JParbharu-bdbti,less correctly, Purbaree-babtee, Gu2. (५२
(*tuं, vtuvt०tl) A cess formerly levied on the willagers,
by the Talukditrs on various pretexts.
PARCHIT, (?) Beng. A walled inclosure.
PARELA, (?) Gu८. Lapsed, abandoned, as a share of a willage.
Paricharak, H. (S. परिचारक) Superintendant of a temple.
591
PER
Parina-dgftar ः or rather the office where they are kept ः
Parfma papers appear in some places to be memoranda
from which the Pargana register is framed, to be filed
by the Kanungo.
PARTA, (?) H. A favourable or guit-rent.
PARTAL, less correctly, IPARTAR : also, land now waste, but
formerly cultivated.
PARTAN, Mar. (परतन) lit. Turningः fig., a field, one in which
a plough may conveniently turn.
JPartijadid, H. (A. Ago--, new) I,and recently left waste.
PAT, incorrectly, PATH.
PATGHERI, (?) Asam. A native collector of revenue.
PATAwAT, (?) Gu2. A feudal chief.
PAri,PANTf, Gu2.(५t०tl, ५u००{l) Ashare in some common
property or business.
Pantiddr, Gu2. (५u००{1९u२) A partner, a shareholder.
Path-ail, Beng. (*थंधॆन) A bank with a pathway above
it, especially when raised as a boundary.
Patidar, also read Patidar, but (!) GuZ. (५u०{1९u२) also,
a coparcener, the holder of a proprietary share of village
lands. _
Pattaddri, H. (.9letं) Leasehold tenure : it is also applied
twenty-four Pargamas in I783.
Pattaisaldmi, (॰"~ं) A fine, fee, or complimentary pre
sent of money on receiving a lease.
PATTARAN, (?) H. A bank serving as a boundary.-Kamaon.
PATTALf, (?) Mal. Head or manager of the affairs ofa temple.
PATTAKDAR ः or the term designated Mirdsiddrs who had
got the management of the whole country into their own
hands, and who, when their illegal authority was sup
pressed became again mere Mirdsiddrs.
PATTANA ः it also applies in Orissa to a tract of land or
estate of cultivable ground comprising two or more Chaks,
formerly held rent-free, but latterly subject to a guit-rent.
PATTI, Mal. : also, any written woucher or document, and
especially one not strictly legal or formal.
PATrf, Karn. ः it also designated an addition of as much
again to the amount of the assessment.
JPdittiyam : also the right of willage proprietors to all de
scriptions of land within the limits of their villages.
PATTUKATTU, or PUTKUT : also, the usual holding of a Ryot.
PENM U L,less correctly, PENEMooI, Mal. (6)०-16`23-a) Settle
ment or assignment of property to a female.
PBR, H. ७५) A tree.
 PER
JPerf, H. (.3५) Relating to trees : a cess or tax on trees
JPeshdjiddrः also, a person who has paid in advance.
PHTTAI ः in some places in the south, it also denotes a Sardi।
or inclosed space, and buildings for the accommodation of
trawelling traders of the caste of the owner.
PHALA : also, in Gu2erat, the proportion or guota of the assess
ment paid by each shareholder of village lands.
Phdintaddr, (?) H. A cultivator originally a member of the
willage and enjoying certain privileges.
PHAR,(?) Uriya Afishing ground (perhaps for Phand,a snare),
/*ha4-bandi, H. An agreement to pay a demand in sepa
rate proportions.
PHATECHAs, incorrectly, FATACHAs, Gu2. (५दी २५॥२d) Assess
ment levied on the lands of a willage, without any distinc
tion of the class of soil.
PHAURi, (?) A land measure.
Platt-gdon, corruptly, Foot-gaon : also, a village assessed
and managed separately.
PHUTA, H. (S. $ं) Broken, diwided, levied on the culti
vators severally, as rent or revenue.
PIAL, PwAL, (?) Tel. The verandah or portico of a house.
Pi R, (?) Uriya. A willage or district occupied by the Larka
kol tribes bordering on the north-west of Orissa.
Pi RU, (?) Tel. Money of account, one-sixteenth of an dna.
PITALGoLA, (?) Beng. Small and divided patches : lands of
an estate so scattered.
PoDIPAD, (?) Tam. A portion of land.
PoN : a coin of less value, I Pon being egual to I rupee
8 anas I0 pie.
PORoMKADO'M : also, an additional loan or advance to that
made upon landed property held in usufruct ः a deed fixing
the amount of Surplus profit to be set off against the interest
of a loan, and the balance to be paid (?).
PowALA,(?)Gu८. A grain measure = five-eighths of an Ahma
dabad ser : 4 Pomcalas = l Pali, 4 Palis = l IMana,
4 JMamus = l IIMan or 40 Sers.
PoTi, (?) H. A measure of grain.
JPrajaincat , also sometimes termed Bhttprajdicat, incor
rectly, IBho-purjote.
JPramdinika, also, corruptly, Paramanick.
PRASADA : also, in some cases, the distribution to certain
religious mendicants was made daily, and had become a pre
scriptive right, until it was commuted to a money payment.
PUCHHAVERO, GuZ. (५४ंaरेu from S. पुच्छं, a tail) A tax
on milch buffaloes.
502
RAZ
Pili-tirgdi, (:) Tam. Account of assessments paid on a
leasehold estate (?).
PURA, Gu2. (५२) A dependent or outlying village subordi
nate to the principal.
PURA: it is also used in Asam, where it is about I statute acre.
PURI, (?) Karn. A small granary or grain store.
PURoHITA, also, corruptly, PRoITH.
Kritapurohita, corruptly, Kirtuprohit, H. (S. कृत, done)
A priest who performs or conducts certain ceremonies.
_kulapurohita, corruptly, Kool-uprohit, H. (S. कुल,a family)
A hereditary family priest
PUSHKARINf, wernacularly, PoKHARf, corruptly, PoKREE.
Putraputrddi, more correctly, perhaps Putrapautrddi, H.
(S. पुत्रपौत्रादि) lit. Son, grandson, &c. ः when used in a
deed of conweyance it restricts the succession to the direct
heirs of the person to whom the transfer is made.
JPutreshtt, incorrectly, in Bengali, Putroisht0-jag.
R.
Italiam-ddr, H. 9le७9) The holder of a mortgage, a
mortgagee.
Jºahandarं, H. (P. ८.39'e) Holding a mortgage : the rights
it conveys.
RAf, H. (A. ५s)) Opinion, judgment, decision of a native
judicial officer.
RAfs, corruptly, REIZ, A. (C~～? A prince, a chief: used
in some parts of Bengal for the manager or occupant of
a religious endowment. _
Jºidsat, corruptly, Iteasut, H. (A. ५~~५) Headship,
clerkship, authority.
Raiyati-baitha-bdr{, Beng. (वर्जिी, a house) A homestead
in a willage.
7adikh6-jangal, Beng. (द्भीथीखनी*१ीन) Forest land preserved
uncleared for the sake of the timber.
RASTi, Gu2. (२t*tctl, P. _ं.), rightness) Held immediately
and entirely by government, an estate, a willage.
RAULIA, (!) H. Head man of a village.-Kamaon.
RAwAJA, or RAwoZA, (?) The head man of a Magh willage.
-Chittagong.
Jiamcaliya ः in GuZerat they are thread and tape makers.
Jtarrdnagi : also, export duties.
Itd cindma ः it is sometimes said that this differs from a
Sull-ndma, inasmuch as it imports a determination to be
satisfied with the decree that is still to be passed, the latter
 RED
implies the entire cessation of proceedings ः in the Dakhin
it also denotes a petition from a cultivating occupant of
land to be permitted to give up his holding, to be drawn
up by the Kulkarani and duly signed and witnessed.
Tºeddirddu, also, plur. Hºeddirdndlu, whence, corruptly,
Jteddlamgar : also a title given to the great Zamfndārs of
the northern Sarkārs.
fºejada: several varieties are enumerated though not defined,
as Achcha-regar, Katta-regar, Chauka-regar, &c.
RISHwAT, corruptly. RoosHwUTH.
J:itimotं, Beng. (तीडि८मीटर्षॆ) According to custom.
ROKBA, (?) H. An engagement dependent for fulfilment on
an uncertain contingency.
Ru, Rui, Gu2. (३, ३९) Cotton.
Rudrabhaimi, S. (रूद्रभूमि) A place where dead bodies are
burned.-Kumbhakonam.
Jºujitd-natis, vulgarly, I?00j00-muncees, H. (U~**89-9) A SANT, incorrectly, SATHEE, Gu2. (*tu००t) A plough.
clerk appointed to keep a check or counterpart account.
7tukda t also, a note or acknowledgment of money borrowed
at interest : a receipt : a Summons, a motice to pay.
RU PiT, Asam. Lands assigned rent-free to a local militia.
S.
SADHOwA : also, a deed of assignment of land in usufruct,
the rent being set off against the principal and interest of
a loan until paid offi-Sāran.
SAGCHIT, (?) Karn. (perhaps from sdgu, to cultivate) Adeed
under which land is held : a lease, especially one for a
stipulated term, and conditioning relinguishment at the
end of it.
SAHAJoo, or SAIIAyod, Beng. (जश्ढञ्जी?) Joint execution ofa
deed or engagement.
Sāl-sfim, H. (P. P*~, third) A third party to a suit.
Sdir-mahdl, H. (J=*A~) An extra head ofimpost, espe
cially one still allowed in some places, Such as rents of
stalls or standings in a baZār, imposed by the owner of
the ground.
SAJ.Jr : also, the alkaline produce of a plant (Coroxylon Grif
fithii) obtained from its ashes when burnt ः three gualities
are distinguished, Choa-sajji, the purest; Hatha-sajji,
the next ; and Khdra-saiji, the most impure : all three
are varieties of the barilla or soda of commerce.
Stikha-ki-8dlthd, H. Branch after branch, a genealogical
descent of a family conveying hereditary claims.
508
SER
Salahiyat-Dahi, corruptly, Sulahut-buliee H. (A. ५-४-'~
७.्) A memorandum-book or diary kept by a native
officer of police or revenue.
Sal-mahdjami, H. (from ७-५० । a merchant) The mercan
tile year : a mode of reckoning peculiar to merchants and
traders in Bengal, concurrent with the Samca८ year, but
commencing sewen months earlier.
SAMBA should be SAMBA, incorrectly, SUMBAH : it is also
applied to any rice-crop reaped between January and July.
Samudayamu : also occurs to mean the office of superin
tendant of a temple.
SANGALI, (?) Tam. A land measure.
SANGIRAv, vulgarly, SAsorRo, Gu2. (*t०२ll२.१) A pledge
for a loan, which may be left in the hands of the borrower
and is only surrendered in case of his failure to pay the
principal and interest of the loan.
SANTAL, vulgarly, SANTAL, SoNTHAL, (?) H. The name of
a race of semi-barbarous people, settled as cultiwators on
_ the skirts of the Rājmahal hills.
SANTHELA, (?) GuZ. Land resumed, but on which an allow
ance is charged in favour of the dispossessed holder.
Saranjdm-pat, Mar. (पट, a register) A general account of
all Saranjaim grants under the Peshwa's government.
SARINGA, (?) Beng. A canoe made out of a single block of
wood.
SAsANAM ः Mala-8asamain, Karn. (S. मूलं, root) Primary or
principal deeds: title deeds.
Sasmuata sdigubadi, corruptly, Sasruitlia sagoopudee, Tel.
(Ge ॐंऽॐ ०*०००) Right of perpetual cultivation,
with exemption from the landlord’s rent but liability to the
government revenue.
SATHf, A coarse kind of rice.
SATTA : also, a contract or engagement to grow and supply
indigo.
Satta-bahi, (?) H. A deed of transfer.
Sauddpatra, corruptly, Soudaputro, Som’daputtur : also,
a bill of sale.
SAwADIU, (:) Gu2. A tax levied upon irregularly alienated
lands eduivalent to one-third of the full assessment.
Sa*dical, also, corruptly, Sucarpool, Su2aool, Su2rral.
SEGA, () Beng. Resumed rent-free land.-Sylhet.
SEJA, SENJA, GuZ. (ंa०४, ३त००४) Held in common, not in
shares, land or a willage.
SERA, SEERA, (?) H. Low land capable of being irrigated.
7M
 SET
SETH ः also, corruptly, Shetee : also, sometimes, the head man
of a particular trade.
Sebdit : also, an assignment for religious purposes especially.
Sebdit; : also, management of the lands attached to a temple
or assigned in trust for religious purposes.
Shdhā ः also termed Khara-shdht, one hdni of which is
said to egual eight ordinary hdnis.-Chittagong.
Shdhā-nal, Beng. The royal rod or measure, four or eight
times the length of the ordinary measure--Chittagong.
Shdmilat-banjar : also, portions of a field within its area
left uncultivated, chiefly where the field is wery large.
Shdmil4t-dasabamdham, Karn. A tenure in which a portion
of the assessment on irrigated land is remitted in favour
of the person by whom the reservoir whence the water is
drawm was constructed.
Shara-barida, (?) H. Customary or stipulated rate.
Sharh-ndma, H. (P. 4.०७) A statement of rates at which
the cultivators agree to hold their lands.
Sharfi-ruhda, H. (A.&g) Apaperofagreementoracguittance.
SHEMERAwA, (?) Mal. Agent or representative of the religious
teacher of the lower orders•
Shikami, Dar-shihami, H. Subordinate, as a tenure, or as
a sharer under a Shikami tenure or Sharer.
Shikami-sharih, H. (A. ४-५2*x a partner) A partner who
does not take an active share in the conduct of a joint
concern, a sleeping partner.
Shihddr, Siladdr, Beng. (भिदलिोद्भ) In Bengal the termhas
become a family designation, as Itddhd-nath-Sikd4r.
SISTU, corruptly, CIST.
Sodhapatra, corruptly, Sodahputtroh, (८*fiर्थ*fe , from S.
शुड) A writtem agreement or acknowledgment, a receipt,
a deed of acGuittance.
SONA : or SUNA, SooNA.
SRADDHA, also, corruptly, ASRAD, SHRAD.
STHALA, also, STALUM, STULLA.
Sthdnika, Sthdnika, Sthdnigdr, corruptly, Stamegar, Karn.
(छ्रुञ२ ँ, रृ०२९े, कुळ२7रब्&) The head manormanager
of a temple or other public establishment.
Stldinikain, corruptly, Stanegum, Karn. (ह्रुव्)२&०)
The
office of superintendant or manager of a temple.
STHITA, vernacularly, STHIT, vulgarly, STEETH, H. (S. fस्यत,
lit. stood, stayed) An account of the regular receipts and
disbursements of an estate.
Sthita-chaulladdi, H. Permanent or fixed boundary.
Stridhana, vulgarly, Streedhun.
छे94
TAR)
Sukhauds:, also, corruptly, Succargashee, S00garasi, Sak
kahabasi. _
Sukhlambari, corruptly, Sookhlumbree, H. (from Sukh, and
Eng. lambar for number) Granted rent-free to invalid
native soldiers by the government-land, a village.
St KsAyr-BANJAR, Telः (for S. सूष्म stikshma, small) A spot
of inferior ground in a large field, left purposely unculti
vated in order to obtain an abatement of rent or assess
ment of the field.
Shuatantram ः also, the share of each individual proprietor
in the rent paid by tenant cultivators.’
Sroarndddyam ः also, in some places applied especially to
the rent of garden or orchard land.
Siodstliyam ः also, the share in a willage of which the go
vernment revenue has been made ower, either wholly or
in part, to Brahmans.
T.
T'AHUT, see Taahud: also, a subdivision of a village.
Taluud.jamd, Beng. Admitted or stipulated amount of rent
Or rewenue.
TAL, H. (JG, टाल) A stack of straw : a store or guantity
of straw collected for sale.
Taladi। also, sometimes land, the crop of which has been
reaped.
Talab-bralumottara, corruptly, Tallub-birmooter, H. Land
granted at a guit-rent for religious or charitable purposes.
TANGAL, Mal. (foesa७०) A Mohammadan or Mapilla
priest.
Tammir-hdr{,Tam. (geर्छठा०ठर्षीटैrर्कैearTDP) A water-carrier,
a female who brings water.
Tari-bdglidyat, H. Garden or orchard ground irrigated from
tanks, as opposed to JKhushki-bdglidyat, or similar land
watered from wells.
Taramddr, also sometimes styled Sar-taramdair.
1'arappadi, corruptly, Tarapaddy, Turrabuddy ः it is also
Supposed to be the original account of the willage lands,
distinguishing the varieties of Soil, produce, and tenure, and
the ancient dues and perguisites of the willage officers and
ServantS.
TARiKA-TAHstL, H. (from A. AंA०, a way) Statement of
arrangements for the collection of the revenue in a village
or estate, and its general financial result.
TARkit-Ditu, H. (Lee ५-~ं%, from tarkib, fashion, and
 TAR
dihi, giving) A cunning or knowing trick, an artful con
trivance or ewasion.
TARwA, (?) H. A small drain.
Tasarrafः it sometimes implies unlawful appropriation, as,
Tahroil-tasarr५f, embe22lement of cash balances.
Tasarrufit, corruptly,Tusrufat, H. (c“-9~ं) Mesne profits.
Z'asrth-pattiddrं, H. (.४9loं69-4) Arecord or statement
of the shares of a village and the. rights of the sharers.
Tagfir : also, to any addition to the originally recorded lands
of an estate.
Tajil-ndma, H. Adeed of record or registry of occupation
of land granted either by the collector or by the Zamfn
dār to the occupants.
TADAL-PUNJAI ः or a patch of land above the level of the
surrounding rice fields, but capableof bearing a similar crop.
TES, Tam (Gंठं) Southerly.
Terku, Tam. (Gg)pe) The south.
Terhattiyan, Tam (Gंठpeकंठीu-rTC) A native of the
south
Teggalai, Tam. (Ggr Jeंo) A branch of the Waish
navas, the southern, as distinct from the northern branch,
or Wadagalai : the two are irreconcileably hostile, although
separated by no material difference of worship or doctrine.
Thikd : also, an assignment, an order upon a renter or
farmer to pay his rent, wholly or in part, to a third person.
Thik4-peshgā ः or rather, a lease or farm upon which a sum
of money has been paid in advance to be afterwards set
off against the rent.
THEvANAri, or THEvANI, (ॐंश्a9, ॐं),
TiA, TEEAH, (!) H. A boundary mark.
Tia-bandi, H. Settling a boundary.
TiRIJ, also TERIJ : also, a register of official documents in
the collector’s office.
Ti RTHA : and laxly extended to the person performing the
office : an officiating prieet ; one receiving the offerings
made to the idol.
Tirtham, corruptly, Teerthum, Karn. An officiating priest
in a temple, under the head man or manager.
Tirthaprdsaida, S. Food or water from a holy stream offered
to an idol.
4'ola/ : also, a petty tax on articles exposed for sale in a lidit/
or temporary market, levied by the proprietor of the ground.
ToND, (:) H. A measure of land, less than a.Jaiii.
TRIRUT, corruptly, TikUT, TEEkooT, Hindi (चिकूत) A third |
share of the crop.
छ07
ZAM
Tuldi.julu : also, survey, measurement.
TUNTA, (?) Tel. An apartment, a division of a house : the
same as Amkanam.
U.
UDAwARAM, corruptly, WooDAwARUM ः it also applies to a
fixed, estimated, or average amount ofgross grain produce
UDIKI, vulgarly, WUDIKI, (?) Karn. Marrying a widow,
as allowed in some of the inferior castes.
U!uku, also, Ulugu, vulgarly, Oolo0000.
UPANAwANA, also, barbarously, OOBONOWANUM.
URANMA ः it occurs most freguently URAIMA, or OORAIMAH•
UwI-M URI, (?) Mal. A deed of relinguishment: see Muri.
W.
WADA, Tam. (61-l-) North, northern.
Wadakku, Tam. (6-ll-GC)) The north, the north country.
Padakhattiydn, Tam (Gul-फैeंठीu-rाळै) An inhabi
tant of the north.
Wadagaly, properly, Wadagalai, Tam. The northern Waish
navas, a sect opposed to the Tengalai, or Waishnavas of
the South, G. v.
Waratundu ः or the deduction may be added to the share
of the proprietor.
Wellacasi, (:) Tam. Rate of assessment according to the
market price of grain.
WHT-KANAM, more correctly, WETTU-KANAM : also, a lease
on favourable terms on condition of clearing and bringing
waste land into cultivation.
Wishu-sankramanam, or Wisha-samkrdmti, S. &c. (संक्रमणं,
संक्रान्ति, arriving at) The sun's entrance into either of
the eduinoctial Signs.
W.
WOLI, Tel. A marriage present, a dower : see Oli.
W५juludit-paricana, H. (Ad',);: , an order) An order or autho
rity from a Zamfndār to his Ryots to pay their rents, or
other collections, to his agent or representative.
Z.
ZAIL, corruptly, ZEw L : it was especially applied to a spe
cification of the diferent rates in which the rent was to be
paid, whether in money or in kind, by the Ryot, annexed
to the Patta granted by the Zamfndar.
Zamin-karsd, (!) Beng. Landheld under a particular tenure.
-Bakhargang.
 IND R) K.

AID A DA
P col. line P
Aādil ___
Abkār Ad .
Aādil-al-Rahn.. Abºifee . . •' _
Ad .
Aākila • - - Abkārf ________
Ad . .
A{tl
_

Aām .
___

. . .
Abkārf Ditrogha .
Abkārf Mahal .
Abkary
Abkarry .
AbkheZ
Abpāshf .
Abrawftn .
Adā .
Adā . . .
Adābandi .
Adābundee .
Adād।
Adāda
Adādi
।
ं{
Abwfib . _
Adagu .
Abitdān faujdārं . . Adahāri .
Abadāni kāsim Ali. Adāhona . . . .
Abadbeshf khamsf . Ada-i-mālgu?ārf .
Abādi . . mehmāni . Adai mānam
Ab6dkār.. pfttaki Adakam .
Abādkārf
Abfigya .
?ं" ।
Abarātam
Abchak .
Abd .
Abda
Abditr
Abdārkhāna
Abdhtit
Abedak .
Abedan .
Abedanpatra
Abedanlipi .
Abhar

Abhich:tr
.
Abhaya . . . .
Abhayadindima .
Abhayapatra

Abhijog . . . .
Abhijogi
Abhijogpatra
Abhimānaputra -
Abhipattf
Abhfr . .
Abhfra . .
Abhyudayakasrfiddha
.

Abhyupetya susrtishā .
Abf
Abij .
Abjk .
.

Abir • .. . . . .
Abistāni .
. .

.
.

.
•
.

.
___

___
.
.

.
8
।
। ।
56
Achalit .
Achamana
rāhdārf
thānadārf .

Achamanfya
Achandrftrgam .
Achār
Achārf
Achārj
Achitrya .
Achcha .
Achchadi .
Adhāhāikārāu । . . .' ं
Achchaka
Achchalāyataru
Achchāram .
Achchata
Achchavadi .
Achchavaliga .
Achchhan
Achchhrā
Achchu .
Achchuadi .
Achchugār .
Achchukattu .
Achchuli .
Ach6 .
Achidaiyan
Achita
Achkat
Achukāvali
Achukattu।
Ad।
___

_
_

1
Adākarnā .
Ad-al-hukm
Adālat
Adālat akbar
Adālat asghar .

Adat .
Adatdar
Adatta
Adatyft . .
Adavāpāilki .
Adavi
Adawikottuta
Adavipālki
Adavu
Adawuchitu।
Adawu-kftr

Adawlut
Adāya
__

Adālat-ul-kft?i .
Adam
Adamftnam .
Adangal
Adangal-6misham .
Adangolai .
Adāni
Adānijana
Adar .
Adara .
Adarvu .
Adasattā .
Adat . .

patra
.

sftthana .
.
_

.
_
56

।
।
507 ? N
 A DA ADH AGA
Page eol. Page col. line eol. 1ine

Adityavichha _ Adhipati 6 2 Adoly . 43

Adda . . . Adhiput . 6 2 Adonijanm . 35
Adda . Adhirāj . _
6 2 34
Adhivedanika 7 ।। Adsattā . 33
Adda .
Addft . . . . Adhivinnā . . 7 ।। Adu। ___
38

Adda-dandige Adholi . 568 1 Adukkuvata 2

_

Add{{-dār . Adhorfa . 7 I Adutti 9

Addakadftr . . Adhuk . 6 l Adutteeyo 45
Addakadava . . ५ 7 I Adwan . 36
Adda kftluv6 . Adhyagni \ 491 ।। Adwepftni 3S
kasabu। Adhyagnika 491 ।। Adyar . . . . . 3l
kasibe . Adhyagnyupfigata 491 ।। Adyasrfiddha 5
kasibi . 7 I AdZitmini . 23
Adhyftwfthanika .
kasubu . 6 2 eel
Adi . . . .
katte . Adi ? I Aeen .
kattu . . 7 ।।
Adi Aentha
Adda lawftdu Adf 568 2 Afat .
Adda mārga 7 I Afut
Adicheri .
mfttu। Adidftdi . 7 I Afat ftsmāni
Addana . Adigary . 568 1 Afat farmāni
Addanfilige . Adikftsu . 7
7
।।
।। Afim .
Sultāni *
Adda-nftma । Adik6 .
Addani . 7 ।। Afiun . . .
Adik6 gonikar
Addasftlu ? 2 Afshāpi kftgha?
Adik6-kriyāvāsi
Adiki ? I
Addasunka . . Aftabit. . _

Addavu dosili . 7 ।।
Adikol
7 2
Aftabgir. .
Adde . Adima Aftabgirf
Adde Adimai _
7 2 Aftitbi .
Add6kkalu। Adimaichittu . 7 2
Aftfida .
Addhak .
Addi
Addiga .
Addika

Addy .

Adgfr
_

Adhā .
Adhak
.

Addiseyuta .

Adehmaun .
Adepftde .
Adeya
Adgaon

Adhbatfti .
Adhbutaee .
Adhak .
Adhitram
Adharshan
Adhela .
_

.
ā6
Adimajanm .
Adimajanm-kār
_

Adimfin
Adima pami
paramba
Adimayftvan .
Adinam
Adinakarttan .
kolunavan
panam

Adinattukuddaiyavan .
Adipattedenellu .
Adippukktilf
Adirftsu .
Adisttdra .
Aditi .
Aditiya
Adittumutalānatu
Aditya
Adityabitr’ .
Adityavār
___
_

__
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
?
?
7
7
7
8
8
8
7
8
8
8
2
9
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
I
I
1
2
I
I
I
Afu
AfZoon .
AfZtin .
Ag
Ag
Agaee
Agfti
Agaira .
Agaiyft
Agam
Agfim .
Agama .
Agāmf
_

Agāmi . . . .
Agamudaiyfin .
Agan .
Aganhotri
Agar .
Agar .
Agaram .
Agaree
__
3 ।
:) 6

42

Adhelf
Adheligft
Adhi .
Adhi .
Adhi .
Adhift
Adhiftr
Adhiftri .
Adhibhaya
Adhik
Adhikawftram
Adhikftr .
Adhikftrf .
Adiyftl .
Adiyftn
Adiyftr .
Adja
Adjftt
Adl . . . .
Adlditr .
Adm
Admitrg .
Admavj{ti
.

Adm-i-jftidftd .
_
i-sabtit .
i-tandehi
_
8
8
8
14
4
8
8
8
4
8
8
8
8
।।
1
I
2
1
1
I
2
l
2
2
2
2
Agargaon
Agari .
Agarf
Agario
Agariya .
Agarwftl .
Agarwfilft .
Agasa .
Agasaraterige .
Agasi .
Agāsi
Agftsi-birar .
Agastwar
_
56

।
।।
10
8 2 24
Adhikftr patra . Adm-nishatn . Agathamma .
4 1 10
patrika Admith Agftti
Adhikarma . . . Adnftw 4 l
Agftu .
Adolee . 508 1 30
krit . . . Agavu।
508
 AGA AKA
col line Pagre col

Agavu। Ahak _
Aima ___

Agayadi Ahal bftZyāft .. .

Agdā . Ahal . b6Zi-Zamin
Agham . Ahām-nāma . dār . .
Aghan Ahan _
kharftj .
Aghani . . Ahani-kolimi mauZa
Aghani-fasl Ahar . Ain
Aghaniphasil Ahar Ain
Aghāt Ahar _
Ain .
Aghaut Ahar Ainfin
Aghora . hara Ainat .
mārga . Ainat .
Ahari -

pantha Ainath
Ahavaniya .
panthf . . . Ainftti
Ahdah . . .
pramānam . Ahdah-dār . Ainbftbati
Agianputr Ahera . Ainbertj .
Agmanā . Aheriya . Aindām .
Agni Aheva . Aindasta . _

astra . Aheva-navamf . Ain-i-sharkat .

brithmana . Ahilk{tr Ainjamā . . . .
dagdha Ahfr . Ainjamitbandi .
daha . Ahita . Ainjinnas . _

dik . Ahitāgni Ainkamāvis-jamft .

homa . Ahkftm __ Ainmokftsft
hotra . Akhāmi-Zamfnd:tr Ainmulki
hotrf . Ahkftm-nāma Ainrekashist .
kriyā . . Ahl . . Ain sibandi .
parikshā . Ahli-kalam Aintankhā
pratishthā Ahli-kār . Aintaram _

sanskāra Ahl-i-kitab Ainurekhāsistu .

shoma-yfiga . Ahl-i-maftsh Ainwartan .
. Bhomiya-yāga . Ahl-i-musārif Ainwurtun
Agnishtoma . _ Ahl-i-nasrat । Aish-mahal .
Agni-stitra . Ahl-i-sunnat . . . Aivaj-ākaram
Agor Ahl-ul-ijtihātd . . Aivaju
Agora . . Ahl6 . _ Aiwftra
Agorbatāi। _ Ahmakāna . Aiyan
Agore-betay . Ahmedi . . . . Aiyapgar .
Agot __
Ahmed-mahmtid _
Aja 'ः .
Agound . Ahmika _
Aja.. .
Agour . Ahorittra Ajalu .
Agrā . . Ahrf . . Ajamfin
Agradāna . . Ahshftm . . . . . Ajan .
Agraghrah . Ahshātm-daftar . . Ajftra .
Agrahāram . . Ahshatm-daftardār Ajftta-putra
Agrahitramah . Ahshftm-jftigir . Ajauli .
Agrahitramu . Ahshftm-navis . Ajauri
Agrahāra vādai। Ahshām-sibandi Ajil .
Agrahitra vādike Ahsham-sipāhf . Ajina .
Agrahārika Ahuk . . . . Ajfr __

Agrāram . . . Ahun Ajfr-mushtarik

Agrasrāddhi . Ahur . . . . . Aifr-wfthid।
Agraurhi . . Ahur . . . . . Ajmaish • _

Agula Ahur . . Ajmaishi patta .

Agur . . Ahuree . Ajmash .
Aguree . Ahuru . Ajnā
Aguri . . Ahw{tl _ Ajnfi-patra
Agusftliga Ahya-al-mawat . Ajnagdi .
Agwa . Aid Ajr .
Agwftr Aidene . Ajttrft
Agwasf Ajgalu Ajttradftr
Agyā . Afl . Ajtiradarf
_ patra . Ail Ajya. . . .
Ahad . . . Ail . . Ajyabhāga .
Ahad-dār . Ailā . Ajyabhāsa
Ahādis _
Ailān . . Ak . .
Ahad-nāma . . . Ailbater . Akā
599
 AMA

Page col. 1tne • Page eol

Akabati-tokri . 15 3l Akr - . . . . . . . l7 Aldguni
Akftl . 15 33 Akrā . . . . . . . . IT Al6hoge .
Akftla . 16 37 Akribft . . . . . . . IT Alekal _

Akitlf . 15 Aksat . . . . . . . . IT Alemanesunka .

Akāl-wrishti 15 Akshata . . . . . . . l7 Alee
Akām-nftma . 12 Akshaya . . . . . . . l? Alga .
Akan _
15 Akshaya-lalitā . . . . . 17 Ali .
Akār 15 Akshaya-pāttra . . . . . l? Ali
Akāran . _ 15 Akshaya-tritiyā . . . . l7 Ali .
Akftrana-vyājya . 15 Akshinf . . . . . . . 36 Alidava .
Akarāyā . Aktā . . . . . . . . l7 Alidodeya
Akfir-band। Aktāta . . . . . . . . l7 Aligol
Akar-bund . Akti . . . . . . . . l7 Aliyā _

Akar-mahi Aku . . . . . . . . l7 Aliya _ _

Akftr-patra . Aktibat . . . . . . . . I7 Aliyapādam _

Akār-patrak _
Akun . . . . . . . . l5 Aliya-santāna .
Akfts . . . Akur . . . . . . . . I5 Alkftb .
Akasfiliga Akutota . . . . . . . I7 Alktili
Akās-bift Al . . . . . . . . . l7 Allamai _

Akfts-dfii . Al . . . . . . . . . l7 Alledukiravam .
Akas-mukhi Al . . . . . . . . . l7 Allootie
Akbar-ar-rfti . Ala . . . . . . . . . l7 Allooty .
Akbari-rāi . Alā . . . . . . . . l7 Allu .
Akd . . Al-abd . . . . . . . . 17 Allu .
Akdina _ Alag . . . . . . . . l7 Alma
Akd-kititbat . Alagft . . . . . . . . l8 Almaga .
Alagft-asftmilu . . . . I8 Almāra
Alag1ि-bhttmf . . . . . l8 Almāra-koneru।
Alagā-pullarf . . . . . I8 Almārf
Al-ahyfti-bad-al-mowāt . . l3 Alo _

lai . . . . . . . . l8 Alottf .
Alakh-nftmi . . . . . . l8 Alowtay _

Alakkira-kol . . . . . l8 Alpātttam .
Alakkiravan . . . . . . l8 Alpesee .
Akharjat Alakkugai . . . . . . l8 Alia .
Akhat . Alalhisfibu। . . . . . . l8 Altamghā _

Aklib:tr . _ Alam . . . . . . . . l8 Altamgh6 .

Akhb:tr-navis Alam . . . . . . . . l8 Altumgha
Akher) Alam . . . . . . . l8 Alu .
Akher . . . . Alamanji . . . . . . . l8 Alu
Akhersitlpatti . Alāmat ... . . . . . . . IS Alugu .
Akhir. . Alāmat-i-dastkhat . . . . l8 Aluku
Akhiri Alandadey . . . . . . IS Alusunka .
Akhiri-hisab-kharch . . Alasandi . . . . . . . l8 Alute .
Akhiri-jama-wftsil-bakf . Alatagāra . . . . . . l8 Alvār _

Akhir-i-nikas _
Alatigftra . . . . . . . l8 Alvāru।
Akhir-i-sftl . ... . Alattu-nilam . . . . . I8 Alyasantan
Akhir-jamā-tumarf Alawai . . . . . . . . l8 Am
Akhir-patraka . Alavan . . . . . . . IS
Akhttj . . . Alavam . . . . . . . l8
Akhij-kā-bhato . Alava-nilam . . . . . l8
Akhty . Alava-poda . . . . . . l8 Amada
Akhu . Amad-o-raft ..
Alawi % 18
509
Akhudā
*** च = _
Ami-6-jifi-Bhandirf ।
_
_

Akhun Alawi-geni . . . . . . IS Amad-wfilft .

Akhund Alavipatra . . . . 509 Am-i-walad
Akkadi . Alavisair . . . . . . IS Amal _

Akkadi-pairu Alavogulu . . . . . . lS Amal .

Akkar Alavoloogoo . . . . . 509 Amal-dar .
Akkasari . ___ Alawu . . . . . . . . lS Amal-d:trf -
Akkasari-grfttmamu . Alavukāran . . . . . IS Amal-dastak .
Akki Alavu-paimaish . . . . . IS Amal-farmftish
Akkfrftsi Alftwa . . . . . . . l8 Amal-gu?ār .
Akkusfti Alchaliku . . . . . . . lS malf
Aklif . Aldava • . . . . . . IS Amali-jins
Akor Aldhola . . . . . . . l8 Amal-nāma
Akori __ Ale . . . . . . . . lS Amal-patta
600
 AAL AMD ANG
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Amal-sanad 2l I 0 Amdenny . . . . . Anantaravan-natu-kftnam . 25 l I
Amamāsi . 22 I 9 Amdunee _____
Ananyāsrita 25 I 5
Aman • 21 I 20 Amesham . . . Amā-pattf . 24 2 14
Amān . 21 I 20 Amethiyft . . . Anasana . . . . . 25 I 9
Aman 21 , 2 23 Ame2-6dhāram . Anātha . . . . . 25 I 13
Amānat _ 21 I 24 Amil . . . . . Anfithf-banjar 26 1 15
Amānat-daftar 21 1 31 Amildir _
Anavantu-polam . 25 I 17
Amānat-dār . . . . 21 I 35 Amilditrt . . Anftwrushtf . . . . 25 1 19
Amānat-dārf 2I I 37 Amildaul . _ Anay . . . . . . . 25 2 4I
Amānat-jarf . 21 I 39 Amili . . . Anaya . • . . . . 25 l 2l
Amfinat-mahāl 21 1 42 Amin . Anāyan . . . . . . . 25 I 24
Amānat-nāma 21 1 43 Amin-daftar _ Anbhanta . 25 1 25
21 1 45 Ancha 25 ।। 27
Amānat-nashta Amfn-patel . . __

Amānf . . . . . 21 2 4 Amfr . . . . . Anchal . . 25 I 28

Amānf-ba?i-baib . 21 2 15 Amfr-ul-Umr6 . Anchalpura 25 1 31
Amānf-tālāto 21 , 2 18 Amfr-ul-muminfn Anchanā . 25 1 35
21 2 26 Amisham . . . . . Anchanādār _ 25 2 I
Amaniya .
2I 2 28 Amisham-dāppu Anchanādārudu . . . . . 25 2 I
Amagji . _

21 2 34 Amji . Anchanājabitā . . . . . 25 2 4
Amāntagftdu . . .
Amarakār 21 2 38 Amia . ___
Anch6 . ... . . 25 I 27
21 2 35
Amla-ā-ahshām Anche-chawadi . 108 I 7
Amaram _

21 2 40
_

Anch6-kacheri . . 25 . I 32
Amārf Amla-i-nawftrā
Amāst . 22 I 8 Amlāk . Anch6-man6 25 1 33
21 2 42 Amiं . . . . . .' Anchina . 25 I 36
Amfitya . Anchinna 25 I 36
21 2 4 Amma .
Amauny . Anchu . 25 1 27
Amaubasee . 22 I 4 Ammat . _
____

22 I 10 Anchumma . . . . . 25 1 36
Amauvasy Amr-ba-yad . Anchumna . . 25 I 36
21 2 44 Amrai
Amavālujindagf 22 I
Amavāludana :B Amreeta . Aneunna . . 569 1 20
Amavase 22 I 8 Amri . _
Anda - - ___ 25 2 34
Amāvasf . 22 I 5 Amrit . . . . Andādi . . . . . _ 25 2 9
Amavāsf . 22 I 8 Amrit-mahāl . Andādi-vānibham . . 25 2 1I
Amawus . 22 I 10 Amrit-mandhara . . Andai . .. . . . 25 2 7
22 I 11 Amrit-mandhi . Andana - - - - - 25 2 13
Amb .
22 I 13 Amrit-manodhri Andāru . . . . . . .. 25. 2 15
Amb
22 2 13 AndāZ . . . . . . 25 2 16
Ambft __ Amsha
Amb6-dfthale 22 1 15 Amshom . . . . And12-pattf . . . . 25 2 17
22 I 25 Andhā-darbatru . . 25 2 I9
Ambadi-kovilakam Amul
Ambala-kāran 22 I 30 Amttmat . Andhee . • - - - 25 2 22
22 I 30 Amwftl . Andhf . . . . . . . . 25 2 22
Ambalagār . 22 I 27
_

Andhra . . . . . . . 25 2 24
Ambalam . _
Amwal-rabwi
Ambalamfinyam .
22 1 36 Am2ftda . Andhra . . . . . 25 2 24
22 I 38 Ama Andi . . . . . . 25 2 31
Ambala patf . 22 I 43 Andu . . . _ 26 2 34
Ambala wftsf Ana _

Ambftr
22 2 1 Ane . . . . . . 25 2 35
Anftd-banjar . . Ane ____ 26 2 38
Ambarāf . I Anftd-buniur
_
Ame - - - - - - - 25 2 4I
Ambarāf-guttige I Anādi-bhttmi।
Ambftra-khāna 2 Anādi-bfdtt . . . Anebāse . . . . . 25 2 37
Anebhāshe . . . . 25 2 37
Ambftra-khān6 . 2 Anai Anekagotra .
_ 26 I 5
Ambftrakkadai 2 Anai .
Amekatte 25 2 45
Ambftra-rāsf . 2 Amaikftl •। _____
Amekattu . 25 2 45
Ambitrf . . 2 Anfij . . . . . Aneyār . . . 26 I 7
Ambftripattt . 2 Anfikftlabhrita . Ang . . . . 26 I 9
Ambftrsārf . 2 Anakan _ Anga . . . . 26 I 13
Ambashtha . . .. 2 Anākara .
Angā . . . . . . 26 1 22
Ambfttak6 . . . 1 Anā-kuru। Anga . . . . . . 26 I 25
Ambattan . . . 2 Anāmat . Angadi . . . 26 I 28
Ambftakft 1 Anfimatu
Anfin .
Angftdi . . . 26 1 28
Ambuvfichf . . . 2 Angadfa . 26 1 39
Ambuvitchfpradā . 2 Ananda . Angadigār . 26 I 32
Ambuvitchf-tyfiga . 2 Anandravan . Angadikār 26 1 32
Amd . . . . . 2 Anandrawannadu . Angftdikāran 26 1 33
Amdani 2 Anan5aं • Angadipasige 26 1 35
Amdāni . 2 Ananta ___
Angadipasike . 26 1 35
Amdauny . 2 Ananta-chaturdasf Angādi-pattādai 26 1 37
Amda-wftl6 . I Anantarasthanam . Angādi-patti 26 1 37
Amdehny . ______
2 Anantarawan _

601 7o
 ANG ANN
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Angakala . . 26 Annprāsan . 27 Aolānia .
Angan _____
Anolā . 27 Aolee .
Anganyāsa . . . . Anoochuttree . 28 Aoli .
Angaprāyaschitta . . Anoomaty . 569 Aonl6 .
Angarfyf . ___ Anoopfttak . 28 Aont .
Angarkha Antsanft 25 Aoodi .
Angaungft Amrachuttur 28 Aoot . . .
Angauria . . . . Ans 27।। Aoot-bundee .
Angdena . . . . Ans । 5ं Aoot-puttee .
Angirasa . . . Ansa Aori
Angjhap . . . -' ं Ansahara Aosat .
Anglis Ansam . Aosut .
Angnā . Ansfinsa . Apft .
Angounga . Ansapatra pf • .
Angsha Ansāri Apapfttrita
Angul Ansutore . Aparādha _

Angula . Answftsa . Aarftdha-kshame

Anguli-torama . Ant _______
Aparādhamu।
Angwftra . Antah-pata . Aparādhi .
Angwatā _____ Antah-pura . Aparajinsalu।
Anhar . . . . . Antarapar _
Aparalu
Ani . . . . Antarapara . . . Apasnāma .
Ani . . . . . . . Antarbed _
Apaviddha-putra
Ani . . . . . . Antarpftl . . . . . Apayfttrita .
Anf . . . . . Antasstha . . . .
Apharia
Anicoody . . . . Antasstha-ki-yftdi . Aphat
Anicut . ___ Antasta .
Anitya-datta Antasthi . . . . . Apil _

Anitya-dattaka . Antevasi . . Apflftnt

Anitya-dattrima Antu - - - - - - Appa -
Aniyam Antwftsf . Appā
Aniya-utha . Antybashy Appan
niya-utta Antyeshti Appanam .
Aniyukta Anuft . _
Appasam
Anjal . Anubhawam Appaya - - ’, ’
Anjal . Anubhogam - Apratibandha .
Anjali . Anubhom Aptakanakku।
Anjaman Anuchhatr Aptapunjan .
Anjan . Anugaman - Aptf
Anjana Anukshetra . Aputra -
Anje Anulomaja .
Ank . Anumati .
Ank •' '''' ं Anumatipatra .
Anka . Anupfttak .
Ankam
Ara
Anupttrvaja ___

Ankana . Anvftdheya . . . Ara _

Ankanam . Anwft . . . . . Arft

Ankaro Anwftdheya . - Ara . .
Ankbandi . Anwftdheyika .. ... . Arftba
Ankbundee . Anwfthārya-sritddha Arachan .
Ankditr Anwfthita _ Arad .
_८
Ankhitu। Anwam . . . . . . Arftdhya .
Ankhen-walā Aragu।
Ankhār . Arai-nir
Ankhra
Anwant . . . . . . Araituki .
Ankra Anwashtakft Arak .
Ankura Anyagotra Araka . .
Ankurftrpana . Anyakudi Arakku .
Anna Anyapurvft Aेोājibia _ _ _

Anna . Anyftyam Arakftl-palisa .

Annachhatra . Aodi . _
Arakfil-palisha .
Annakhurch Aodiya . . . Arakattaraka .
Annakshatru - - - - Aogfthi Araku . 39
Annakttta-yfttrft Aokān Arale . . . .
Aokhal . Arali-biditra . 31।।
Annaprāsana
Annasatra . Aokhul . Arftlu। _

Annavyavahftrft . Aol . Arftlukttli . 9

602
 ARA A$ A
col. eol line

Aramāishi-paramāishi Arht . . . Arulu . -

Aramane . __
Arhut Arumbhu .
Aramane-5ambala Arhwal Arumbu .
Aramaneyavaru . Ari . . . Arumbu .
Aramba . . . . Ari - - - Aruppu ___

Arambada-sfimanu Aridāla . . Aruppu-chittu .

Arambagār . Aridāla-billi . Aruppu-kālam .
Arambha . . Aridaluku . Aruppu-kalf .
Aramvath6 . Aridarān . Aruteah .
Aranfr . . . . Arikattu . Aruvari।
Aranya . . . . . . Arinapatte Aruwa
Aranyasabhf . . . . Arinapattt . . ArttZ . .
Aramyashashthi Arindi . . . Arv6la
Arapalisa . Arini-kattu _ Arwiyāgiarānija _ _ _

Ara-palisha . Arish Arwan . . .

Arapalh . . Arisi . Arwar .
Arftr . . . Artyat . Arwftr
Arftra . . . Arfyat Arwum
Ararf . _
Ariyatnāma . ArZ
Arasa . Ariyedupu . Ar? • . . . . . .
Arasan Arj . . . Ar? • - - - - -
Arasftmi। Aja . ArZ{tl . ___

Arasftnistambha Arjanna
Arasfttchi .
Ar#ंminf
Arjf . Ar7-begi .
Arasati। Arju। _ Ar?dasht
Arasf ___
Arju . . . Arāi . . . .
Arasinage-inām . Ajutājāri-dhāra . ArZi-dawfः .
Arasu . Arkātf Ar7-ā-marammat
Arasu Arkatfa . Ar7-ā-mtjibat .
Aratf Arlu। Ar7-i-mukarrar .
Arava Arola ArZi-musanna .
Aravār Arolat . _ ArZiZ
Aravārf . Aropanam .
Aravi . Arpannāma . Asab _ _____

Aravu। Arpasf Asitbardār .

Arāychi Arra ?्र'्”. . . . . "
Arftāf . . . . Arra . . . . . Asftdhārana
Arfi?f-barārf . Arrack . . . .
Arb6b Arrar .
Aiti-Bhaia . . . ं Arree . . .
Arbab-ul-māl . Arru . . . . . Asal-beriZ .
?ंतॆdāi . . . . . . " Arrukftl . . . Asal-chittu।
Ard{twa . __ Arsftl . . . . .. Asal-dastftweZ .
Ardda-māniyam . . Arsath . Asali ___

Arddha . . Arsattā . Asal.jama . . . .

Arddha-khil . Arsattā-navis Asal-mukaddama .
Arddha-stri . _
Arsha A5al-tan . _

Arddhāya . . . . Arsotta A8filatan . _

Ardhal _ Arsuth Asaltumār-jama .

Ardheli Arthf Asāmf .
Ardheliya Arthi . Aiii-6hhāpper-baid • .
Ardhola Arthiyā Asftmf-jfti-bfiki-kfigaj .
Arthole . Asāmf-maurtist
Arthyāvedana Asftmi-paikfisht .
Arti . . . Asāmf-shikami
Artole . . Asftmiwftr
Aru Asftmiwftr-gutta
Aru . . . Asftmfwftr-hisftb .
Arubhatta Asftmfwftr-hissebu
Arudi-karai . Asftmfwftri
Arudi-kraya Asāmiwftri-maktā
Arudi-paggu। Asftmiwftri-mufrid .
Arugidgāval • Asftmiwftr-maktā .
Arugu . Asfimiwftr-mufrid .
Arukānike _
Asapinda
Arukāra . Asaputra .
Arhatiya ' ं । .. • Arukki . A5ftr .
 ASA
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Asarā . Asthal Atitht . 38 2
Asarit Asthān . _
Atithiptij6 . 38 2
sar6-sistu। Asthānakftran . Atithyam 38 2
Asārh Asthi sinchama . Ativāsa 38 2
Asitrhee Asti Atkā . 17 ।।
Asftrhi Asti Atkfto . 38 2
Asftri . Astigār .
_
Atkarf 38 2
A5fis . . . . . Astigevadeya . Atma . ... . . 38 2
A5ft5-ul-bait . . Astikār Atmabandhu। . 38 2
Asauch . _
Astikāran Atmaghāta . 38 2
Asaucha Astipāsti . Atmaja . 38 2
Asb6b Astiviparam Atmavikrayf . 38 2
Asbiat T. Astivivaram . Atosattā . 32 2
Asedha . Asu। _
Atr . . 38 2
Ashādh Astibat . Atrfif. 38 2
Asham . Asulu। Atriifi-rawāna 38 2
Ashar . Asur trdan 38 2
A5-hitr . Asura Attambār . 22 2
Asharf . Asurf . . . . Attfttchi . _ 38 2
Ashari Aswfidhyāya . Atta-tarisu। 38 2
Ashhād Aswamedha . Atta-vanai . . . . . 38 2
Ashir . . Aswami-b6bat . Attavanai-kanakan . . . 38 2
Ashrftbat . Aswami-bikri Attiper - - . . . 38 2
Ashrāf Aswftmi-wikri . Attiperrola 39 I
Ashraft Aswftnsi Attipettola . 39 1
Ashrof . ___
Aswapati Attu। 39 l
Ashta . . . . . Aswari Attu ..’ . 39 l
Ashtabhitgamānyam . _
Aswattha Attukāl 39 1
Ashtabhāgam Aswatthodyftpama _ _ _ Attukitl-eri। 39 1
Ashtakā . Aswatthapratishthit _ Attukāran 8 2
Ashtamf . . . Aswin _ Attukkidai . 8 2
Ashta-pradhāna Ata . Attumari-kttli 8 2
Ashttr-khāna . Atft . Attupftchal . 39 I
Asfchft Atā . Attupftyachal 39 I
Asil Atft . . . Attupu। 39 I
?ंi . . . . . . Atagorra Attuvari 9 1
Asin ________ Atai Attuveppa . 39 I
Asfr Atāk . Atveth . 569 2
Astrbitd __________
Atakat Audy . 568 2
Asis . . . . . Atāl . Audicarei 33 I
Asiyā . . . . Atār Aug . . . 568 2
Asiyāna . Atamānam . Augayra . . 9 l
Aslf . Atftrf . . Augun _ 10 l
Asligfton Atarpāl . Auhaetagee 568 2
Asli-mau2a . Atash-behritm Auk . _ 27 I
Asli-Zamfn . Atash-kada . Aukfts . . . _ 39 I
Asmāni-farmāni Atashkhāna . Aukāt guZitrf 569 2
Asnfin _
Atatityt . Aukdfir . . 27 I
Asokftshtamf . Atchf Aul - _ 17 2
Ason . Athal . Attl 39 l
Asoobat Athawane . Aulād . 39 l
Asool. Athavaneilākhe Aulat . 39 I
Asr . Athavaneyalekha Aulia . 39 l
Asr Athawani Aum 20 I
Asrit Athavani kacheri _
Aumany . 21 2
Asrama . Athaye Aumdany . 22 2
Asrita . Athmanft . Aumeen . 23 2
AsrnamftZ Athmās . Aumil . 23 l
Assamee . Athpahari Aumildarrei। 23 I
Assamie . Athpuhuree Aumilnamah। 23 l
Assaumy . Aththavane _
Aumily . 23 l
Assil . Athwftra Aumin . 23 2
Assin Athvyftra _
Auny - 569 2
" Ast . . . Atf . . . Aurang . 39 2
Astftchal . Atipfttak . Aurasa . 39 2
Astan . Atft Aurung _ 80 2
Aste ___ Atith Atis - - • • • 39 2
604।।
 AUS

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Ausat-tāluk . . 569 29 Ayanamya B{td 43
34 45 Ayanāya . B:id
Ausil _

Attt-bandf 39 21 Ayān-i-maZmttn Bād

Atitf .. 40 25 Ayapāsake . Bada
Atitkf . । 56j 33 Ayarpādi . fifigaleyāvāru _ _ _

Atttpatti . 25 Ayasāmya . Badage

Auwany . 35 Ayasāya . Badagi _

Avadhi . 28 Ayati . Badahand .

43
Ayatnirgat Badal .
Awadhiarawftr
} 29 Ayatturai Badalā .
Avadi-kraya 32 Ayautuka . Badali
Avadirana-kraye 32 Ayavyftya Haianushahaia _ _

Awadhttta. 36 Badalu .
Awakāsam Ayeen B:tdār . .
Awakāsammuri AyfZalu . Badaraka
Avakāsi Badarke .
Awalakki Ayfn Badarmawfsi।
Awanejana Ayma Badarro _

AZād Badav6-bhrita .
Avanf
Awaro . A?ān . Bādavapolamu .
Avatāra . AZhi। ___ Bad-bachh .
Awati AZhikuZhi-kānam Baddi .
.A.vesta AZhiya . . . Baddigantu।
Awibhājya AZhiya-pādam IBadega
Awibhakta AZil . . . Badegachi .
Awfr6 . Bādh . .
AZmāfsh .
Awro . Badha
Aw6 AZmāish-gumāshta Badhak
Aw6i AZmāish-mutasaddi Badhātwa
Awak _____
AZubag . Badhia
Awak-bifiju . Badhik
Awak-vyāju। Badhtf
Awal Badhya .
Awan . Baach . Bidhya
Awangilli 40 Ba-aulftd Bādhyanu .
Bāb . Badhyasta
Awar . __

Bºtbā .
Awardah-navis .
Awari Babar .
Babat
Badf
Badi . .
{
Awarija
-A.wftrija . . . . . Babatān B:idichor
Awarija-jama-kharch Bºtbati। Badiga
Awarjā _
Babatwār .
Awāsf Babatwari . Badiga
Awustā Babatwari.jama Bādige
Awusthi . Babatw{tri-Zamfn . Badige . .
Awkhar Babatyāft . Bādigi . .
AwuZZa . Babbaliya Badikari .
Awsil . Babbuliya Badi kattu
Aya Baboo Badi varadi
Aya Babri6. Badiyf bhttm
Aya . . . . . Babtee Badl:,
Ayacut . . . . B:tbti। Badlāmi।
Ayakattu-alawogula . Babu . Badli . .
IBabuil . Badmāfish
Ayam .
Babttr Badnāmi
Ayagār .
Ayagārru . Babut . Badnf .
Ayakallu। Babwār . Badraka .
Ayakār Babyāft Badraka his6b
Bach . Badrika .
Ayakattu।
Ayaketta . Bachan Badrucka .
yakrit . Bachgoti Bādshāth .
Ayameera Batchh . Bādshāhee
Ayamera _
Bachhal . . B6dshāhi। _

Astikudayavan _
Bachhbarār . B6dshāhi-sanad .
stiyudaiyavan Bachhontā . Badshahi atimmid .
Bachhul Bādu .
Ayai) _

Badulu .
Bāchrā .
60ं ? P
 BAH
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BādZftru . • • 48 Bathar bhttm Bail-begāri 47।। 2
Baebāt . B6har vāst . Bail-dām . 2
Baee . . . . . Bahaundā Bailha _l

B6f . . __ Bahera . Bailhai

Bā-farjand . . Baheria Bailuammār
B6-farZand .
B6-farZandān
B6ft .
Bahf
Bahidān
Bailu।
{ 5 ?0
_
Bailusfme
Bāfta . Bahikhasra . Baimātra .
Bahf khātā Baimātreya .
Bagāhat . Bahf mahājan . Baimiaādi
Bagait . Bahin . _ Bai-muaamla . .
Bāgaiti . Bahi-patwari Bai-mukāsa
Bagalo . .
Bagalya .
Baganden
Bahfr . . .
Bahiranga-kāgada
B{thirbhoom .
. .
Bai-mukāya?a .
Bain
{ 5?0

B6gar . B{thirbhttm Baina

Bagār Bahir chālān .
Bagār . Bahir-vāsi
Bai-nāma
{ 5 ?0
Bagārah . Bahi-sultāni Baindf
Bagari Bahi-yftd-dasht . Bainjhi
Bagaria . Bahivār . Bainpo .
B6gāyat . Bahlf . Bainsf .
Bagayati _
Bahlfm . Baiparee
Bagāyat-kacheri Bahman Baipārf
Bagāyat-jasti-birād . Bahmanee . Baipatta
Bagbagicha . Bahonda . Baipitra
Bagdi __
Bahorā Bairraggie .
Bageechu Bahorft Bairfigf
Baggaite Bahoro . Bairak
Bagh . Bahra . Bairakh _

Bagh Bahu . Bairakāb6di

Baghāt Bahu। Bais
Baghāyat . B{thu . Bais .
Baghāiti . Bfthuband IBaisak . .
Baghftwat . Bfthuband-mirftsi . Baisākh .
Baghban . Bahtidaka .
Baishnav
Baghal . Bahudhānya
Baghi . Bahula _ 48
Baishnawottar .
िंों ’ .' . . . Bahulapfidya . }
Bighi Bahun . Bai-sultāni
Baghian Bahuputra . Bait . . . .
Bagh-kārf Bahuputraka Bai-taljfh . .
Bagh-māri-inftm . Bahura . Bait-ul-māl
Baghwan . Bahurfipfa Batith .
Bagini B6it Baithak .
Baglah B{ti IBaithān 1()
Bagrf Bai Baithāpagftr
Bagsaria . Bafa Baithftrojgār . .
Bagur Batia . Baiya _

Bai{tli . Baiyāi .
Bathā
Baiftnā __
Bai7 .
Bahā . . . Baibftt parwāna . BaiZ{tna
B:thātchina Baibftiama . Baj ___

Bahādur _ Bai-bil-waft . IBāj . . . . .

Bah6-i-kitgha? . Bai-bil-wafadār Bajā-kharchu .
Bah6-i-khilat . Baid . Bajitni .
Bahāl . Bai-dār
fihā-isaiad _ _
Baidya
Bajantari 12
Bahālu Baigftr . B6jantari-mahitl
Bathan Baiharia .
Baikftmil B:ijar .
Bahangi _

Bahangy . .. IBaikhat B:tjftr-baithak .

Bahangi-bardftr Baikunth B:ijitr-chalān .
IBahār Bail B6jitr-phasgf
B{thara IBail . Bajft-walā
B:thar bhoom . Bai-l6-kalāmf Bāje .
606
 Page eol. line
Bāje . . Bitlgopāl 5l l 6
Baje-ārāji Bākij6f Bālee . 61 2 40
Bāje-baib . B6ikijama . B6li। 51 2 40
Baje-baibu . Bākfjamfn Balf 5l 2 40
Bajeegur . Baki kaiftyat . Bali . . . 51 2 42
Baje-fasl Bāki khwfth Bali-akki . 52 1 3
Baiki lekha . Balichata 52 1 24
Baje-kharch } Bakilu . Balidān 52 1 9
B6j-gfr . Bāki mālgu?ftrf . Baligh 52 1 29
Bajhā . Bāki patrak sanwftt Baligha 52 1 29
Bajhārat . Bakiru Balijewftru . 52 1 26
Bajhwat Bākizamfn . Balikallu . 62 1 20
Bajf . Bakkāl Balikool . 52 1 21
Bāji-6ft Bakla Balikul 52 I 21
Bājibaib . Bakoli . Balisht 52 I 33
Bajtd . Bakot Balivali 52 1 36
Bajidār . Bakra . . Baljevāru 52 1 26
B6jfgar Bakr-id . B{tlkā . 52 I 36
B6jijamā . Bakul-aswftri Balkat 52 1 38
B6jnāma . Baky . . . Balkati 52 1 42
B6joo Baky keffyet . Balla . 52 I 44
B6jpāf . Bal . . . Ballāf . 52 2 12
Bājra . Bala . Ballutay . 53 l )
Bājrā . Bālā . B6iloo . _ 52 2 22
Bala . Baloo-burd . 52 2 24
Bajra .
Balad Balootee . 53 I 6
Bajrā . .
Bālāidastf . Balote 63 l 3
Bajrāghāt
Bajri Bālāidhar Baloteh 56 I 14
Bājrfft Baladur Baloteg . 56 l। 13
Bāju . . Baladustee . Balotyā 53 l 4
Bajunturee . Baladusty . Balowtay 63 1 6
Balagaiyyi IBalrakh 62 2 15
Bajyafta
Bāk . Bālāgrashtf B{tlrakhā. 52 2 17
Bak6।। Balāgastf _
IBalsundar 52 2 20
Bakāia . . . Balagye-jāti . B:tlu . 52 2 22
Bakāia-bfiki . Balāhar . Baluā . 62 2 23
Balahatyā . Batlubard 52 2 24
Bakāia-taujth .
Bākal . Balāhi। IBaluch e 52 2 34
Bakālbaini Bālāf . . . Baluchar 52 2 28
Bakand Balāfyāpht . Bitluchari . 52 2 33
Bakār Balaji . Baluchur 52 2 28
Bakārā Balajtvādu . Balut6 . 52 2 43
Bakh . . Balaka Balute . . 52 2 44
Bakhā . Balal . Balute-dār 56 l। 18
Bakhal . Bālām . IBaluteh 56 1 14
Bakhal . Baland Baluteg 56 1 13
Bākhal B:tlant . Balute-patti . 56 1 20
Bakhātr Bālānt Baluttaram . 66 1 22
Bakhar Balasiga . Balutyā 63 I 3
B6khar Balasu। Bam . 56 1 30
Bakhar Balat Bam 56 I 35
Bakhari . Bālāt . _
Bam . 56 1 35
Bakhāri . . . . Balattkār . Bamāl 56 1 37
Bakh6dā . . . Balatkāra _ IBamb . . . 66 1 39
Balatkār-nebitr . Bambetiyā . 56 l 41
Bakhediyavanu
Bakhr6।। Balawa . Bambhā 56 1 43
Bakhrf Balband . Bambhee 56 1 43
Bakhsh . Balbhog . Bambu 1
Bakhshi Balbodh . IBamhan . 1
Bakhshifin-1-Aagam . Balbund . Bamhangaur . 2
Bakhshiāt . Bald _
Bamhania 2
Bakhshish _
Baldāna . Bamhni 2
Bakhshishnāma . Baldew . Bamfthā . 2
Bakhshnāma Baldihāf . Bamlā . 2
Bakhsian-aZam . Baldiyā . Bam-māti 2
B6ki . Balegār . Bamtele 2
B6kidār __
Balesar Ban 2
607
 BAN BAN
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Ban 37 Bandhttr 59 Banjar kamf 60 1 16
Ban . 57 Bandhwftra . Banjar kandāyam 1 18
Bftn . . Bandhwfts . IBanjar kharij-ijama . 1 20
B{tn . Bandf . . Banjaru . _
1 9
Bānā . IBandf . Banje . 1 9
Bānā . Bandi . Banjh l 8
Banft . . Bandi। Banjiga 1
Banfthe . . IBandf . . . . Banjin 2
Banfifar Band-i-jama . Banjur 1
Banajiga Bandi-khāna Bank 2
Bananjiga Band-i-mudat . Bankā . 2
Banaprasth . Bandipotu। Banksāl 2
Banār Band-i-sale . Banktā 2
Banasiga Band-i-seal Bannan . _ 2
Banaulā Bandivānanu . Bannan-adiga 2
Banave . IBandfvān . Banni। 2
Banbu। Bandfyān Bans 2
Band Bandkhama Bans . 2
Bandlf 2
Band Bans
Bandnavis. 2
Band . Band-0-bast Bansā 2
Band . IBand-o-bast dawftmf Bans6।। 2
Band:ः Band-o-bast-i-mulk . Bansaf 2
Bandfः Band-o-bast-i-parwftna Bansari 2
Bandā . . Band-o-bast-i-sanad . Bansāvalf 2
Bandagam Band-o-bast-i-sarrishtadār . Bānsgārf . 2
Bandagi Band-o-bast miadf IBansi . 1
Bandah। Band-o-bast sarsari Banslochan 1
Bandah-walāi-liarंili .' ं
Bandam
Bandok . Bansphor 1
Bansuree . 2
Band phanta . IBant . l
Bandar
Bandrf Bant 1
Bandara . IBant . I
Bandawala Bandy Bant 1
Bandawftla . Bang Bantā I
Band-bardāsht Bangf . Bantak . I
Bandbatāf . Bangā IBantan . l
Bandbehri . Bangfili Bantan I
Bande . Bangaliyft . IBantar . 1
Bandh . Bangar . Bantchon 1
Bandh . Bangāra Bantoi। 2
Bandh। IBangf . IBant patra . 1
Bandh . IBangkā . IBantrotu. . . . . 1
Bandhak Bangkatia Hanut . l
Bandhak . . . Bangki . Banwikrf 1
Bandhak-datt1 . Banglā 1
Bangrf . IBanya 1
Bandhak-grithf .
Bandhak grahitā . Bangu . Bitnya 1
Bandhak lew1-byakti . Bangur . Banyan 1
Bandhak nāma Bangy IBiGlf . 1
Bandhak patra . IBani Baolien 2
Bandhal goti . Banian IBaolier . 2
Bandhan . IBanihār . IBaonee 2
Bandhan IBanfkārf . Baionf 2
Bandhān . Banij . IBaorā . I
Bandhān Banijaga . IBaorf I
Bandhārft Bantjagāru। IBaorf . 2
Bandhārā IBanijiga Bapans . 2
Bandhāra Banik Bapotf 2
Bandhava Baniw{tl Baprottee 2
Baindhfl . . Baniyā . IBagee 1
Bandhisftb . . Banjar . 2
B:tr I
Bandhiyā . Banjar
Bandhne Banjitrā Bār 2
Bandhu। IB:tr 2
Bandul goti
Bandhun .
608
_ । Banjarf .
Banjar-jadid .
Banjar-kadim .
_

Bār
Bar
2
1
 BAR BAR। BAS
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Bār Barftwarda BāriZ 16
B6r Barā2amfn . BariZ .
Bar B6.r-bār _
Bariyāvādu
Bar .
Bar
Bar .
Bāra .
B6ra
B6r6 .
B6ra
_
Bārbardār
Bārbardārf
B6arbatāf
Barda .
Bard6. . . .
Bardafarosh .
. Barjā .
Bitrjiti
Barjitt
Bārjaut .
Barjoy
Bark6.
Barkala .
.
।
Bardāsht
Bārā . Barkand6Z .
Barā Bardāsht khāna Bitrkuyān .
Bara Bardi . Barkhw6st .
नििbiati Baree . . . Barkhāst . .
Barfibhātu। Baree . Barmhotar .
Barābrāhman Baree Barmautar
Barad Barehta Barmak Brāhmai _

B{trad . Barej . Barnarmattf .

B6ra-dari Barej6 Bftrn6es .
Baradsalāmf Baresiri Barni .
Baragāla Bareth6 . Barnfsf .
B6rah Bargā . Baro . .
Bārah g6on Bārgāh . Baronkhā
Barāhi . Bargāft . Barothā .
Bārāhi Bargan . . Barothf .
Bārah thākurāf Bargāpatta . B:trotrāt
Bftrah waftt Bārgeer . Barrā
Barāf khor o-posh . Bārgfr . Barroh.
Baraka Bargttjar . Barsāli6. .
Bārakacheri . Barguni Barsftt
Barāl Barh6. . . . Barsittf .
Barāmad . Barhahsfidat Barsfttf fasl .
Baramārg . Barhāi Bart .
Baramātti। Barhāwan . Bart
Baramba . Barhee Bartan
Barāmdah Barhetā
Bartanio
Barāmiftn Barhi .
Baran . B:trhi Bartaraf.
Baran Bārhi . Bartaraff .
Paran . Barhi6. Bartaravu .
IBatrān Barhni Bartush
Barholi6. Baru .
Baranagar takftwi .
IBftrfinf Barhotari Baru6 .
Barānf-ktirtah . Barhte . _
Barui
Baran-sankar . Barhte-batta . . Bfirulā
Barf . . . . B:truli।
IBarār
Bārf . Barunf
Barārf B:tri . Bārunf
Baras . Barf . Barwa
Barasftli6।। Bāri . Barw6ik .
Barasaurf Bari . Barwār
Barasganth . Bārf . Barwatiyā .
Barasodi6. . Bari . . B:ts
Barasoli6. . . Bārf . . B{ts .
Bāri . . . Bas . .
Baraspadi .
Baraspari . Bar-i-aām . Basftimpu
Barat Bariār IBasak
Harāt . Bārigandf . Basaki .
Barāt Barigittukacheri Basant
Barāt . Barigira kacheri . Basantt
Harat Bartj Basant-panchamf .
B:trik B6sat .
IBarātagār
Barātakār . B:trika Basat
Baratha Bārike . Basatt .
Barathākur Bār-i-khās Ras6.urf .
Baraundhā . B:trike-vādu। Basav6 .
IBarftward Bārikudu। ! Basavadu
609 7५
 BAS BAT BEE

Basavanua
Basavi
Bitsbanya .
Basgat .
Basgiyā .
B6sf .
Basffin .
.
.
Page col.
66 Battee
IBattemu।
Battenasethi
Batti।
Battnaul-kai।
IBatrtr .
IBatwade iatrak
_
BAZdārf .
BaZditwft nāma .
B6Zgiri .
BaZf .
BaZibftb .
BaZicurtch
BitZigar .
line

।
Basikat . IBatwfil IBaZijatma .
Basingā Batwftr . BaZik . . .
Basinia . Batwftrft BaZikharch
Basft . IBatwon BaZikurch .
Baski IBau। BitZ-i-nftma .
Bas-o-bfts . Baii BaZiZamin
Bast . B:ttt BaZiZumeen . .
Basta . IBaub . BaZi-Zamin daftar
Bastf . Baubut . IB6Zu। ___

Baubtee B: Zu-i-farmftn . .
Bāstu .
IBauchhar BaZzftZ
B6stupttja Baugh . Be .
IBasu। Baugayut Beb . .
Basur Baughayhfr . Bebaik
Baswftrf Battikhol . Bebartta
IBaudoon . Beburttu।
Bat . B:ittl . Bechhāpar - - - - _

Bat । Baug . Bechātiti .

B:tt IBaugaum Be-chirfigh . . . .
B6t . Baugdār . Bed:t .
Batāf . IBaugom fºda '. . . . . .
Batafd{tr Be-dākhil .
Bauli
Batān . Be-dākhili
Batar . _ Bedan
B{tini
Batawani . Bedanu।
Batch . B6darahalli
B:tiirf
Batchhātp IBedaru .
Batchhāpf IBautijamin Be-dawft .
Batchhapi B6v Be-dawa patra
Bitchhāp1f IB:t va . _ Bedchaitf
B:ttchhāpni Bitvamaiduna Beddalu।
IB{twf . Beddasistu .
Batel{t
Bftwag Beder .
Bat6nth . IB:twari। Bedi .
Bater Bawera B6diga
Bates Baya . Bee
Bathān Bayā Beedee
Bathift IBayāf Beega .
Bathtift । Bayalu। _ Beegah
B:itf . IBayāna . Beegah
B:ttf IBayfinft Beegar .
I}fiyanft . . . Beegarah
B:ttffi . Bftyanfikkft . Beegha .
B6tin . Bayftnapatra Beegha
IB:ttiu . . IBayat Beeghari
Batke . Bayd Beegotee .
Bittmi . . IBayengi IBeehund
IBfttm{dftr . Bayparee IBeehur
faiiii-liaते-liatian _
{tZ Beej .
IBatnf . IBeejevary
B{ttnfdār . IBaZaat . Beela . . . .
B6tolan B:tZ:tmad . Beelabuudy . .
B:ttohf IBft Z:tmadahkām IBeema _

IBatoran IB: Z{1r " *23 Beeman।

Batta . IBaZārbatta 8:) IBeend
Battā . IB:tZ{trbaithak 37 IBeenda
B:ittft . B:t Z{1rheetick :१? IBeer .
IBatta IB{Zftrkharch। 42 Beera .
IBatta . . IB:tZftrnirakh Beerbanee
IBattavarttf ___
BitZitrphasgi Beesee
610
 BEE BEL
col . line eO 1. line
Beesh Belkee . . . . . . . 7I 24 | Betta
Beeshy Belki . . . . . . . . 7I 24 | Bewartta
Beeshy Bella . . . . . . . TI | Bewftrft
Beeshymamooli Belladagāna . . . . . . TI
Beeta Belladatle . . . . . . 7I | Bewftris
Beeta Beluk . . . . . . . . 7I Bewftrismātl .
Beetoo Belwa . . . . . . . 7l Bey.jogee
Beetur baree Belwal . . . . . . . . TI Beylha
Begah Be-nāmf . . . . . . 70 Beyrydar
Begār . Benftp . . . . . . . . TI Bhatbar
Begārf ___ Benap kft pattā . . . . TI Bhabur . .
Begārf . . . . . Benaudhāt . . . . . . . 7I Bhabhttt .
Beghah duftery . Bende . . . . . . . ?2 Bhatchā .
Begownee . _ Bengat . . . . . . . ?2 Bhatchejitmwfif
Behar . Bengut . . . . . . . 12 Bhatchestin .
Behātra Bent . . . . . . . . 72 Bhatchf .
Beharft Bentagam . . . . . . 72 Bhātchrti।
Beh:tra Beohftr . . . . . . . 72 Bhadā .
Behārf . . Beoharft. . . . . . . 72 Bhfidā .
Behavilley . Beohātrft . . . . . . . 72 Bhad{thar
Beherā Beohariya . . . . . . 72 Bhadāf .
Behiftr Beoparee . . . . . . . 72 Bhadarift
Behlā Beopārf . . . . . . . 95 Bhādatakiya
Behnaur Bepar . . . . . . . . 72 Bhadaurfft .
Behrā . A___" % 72 Bhādawf .
Behrā Bepitrf रै 95 fihāतॆीौidānā .
Behree Ber . . . . . . . . 72 Bhadbhooja .
Behrf B6ra . . . . . . . . 72 Bhatde
Berft . . . . . . . . 72 Bhftdekari .
Behrf bandi Berad . . . . . . . 12 Bhatdon .
Behrf barfir Beragftdu . . . . . . . 72
Behrf d:1r . Bhādonwf
Berfiji-kā-pattāt . . . . 72
Behrij . . Beramu . . . . . . . 72 Bhadouria .
Behry bundy Berār . . . . . . . 72 Bhaidovey
Be-jit . . . Beree . . . . . . . . 88 IBh:tdra . .
Be-jā kurkf . Beree . . . . . . . . 72 Bhatdra bau .
Bejawary Berha . . . . . . . . 72 Bhaee
Bejharft Berhnft . . . . . . . 72 Bhaeebund।
Bejhura . Berf . . . . . . . . 72 Bhaeebut
Bejot IBeri . . . . . . . . 72 Bhaeewud
Bejot-jama . Berij . . . . . . . . 72 IBhāg .
Bejot Zamin Berij patta . . . . p7l Bhagam .
Bejwar BerfZ . . . . . . . . 72 Bhagat .
Be-kār Bermertur . . . . . . 93 Bhitgavatf
Be-kārf Berybundy . . . . . . TI Bhagavivaram
Be-kasttr Besar . • . . . . . 57l Bhāg batāf .
Bel . Besari . . . . . 572 Bhatg batti .
Bel B6sftya . . . . . . . 73 Bhāgdār .
Belā ___
Besftyadabhumf . . . . . 78 Bhagditri
Bela bardatr B6sftyadava . . . . . 73 IBhageli
Belak . . . Beshf . . . . . . . . 73 Bhāgf .
Belākharch . Beshtjama . . . . . . ?: Bhitgidār .
Belasādahola BeshiZamin . . . . . . ?:} Bhāgidār
Belasu Besta . . . . . . . . 7{} Bhagil .
Belavi . . Bestarava . . . . . . . 73 Bhāg-jot
Bel-bhandār Bestaru . . . . . . . 7:B Bhitgkhamār .
Belbundar Bet{t . . . . . . . . 7:} Bhatgnar .
Belbttta . Betaksfr . . . . . . . 70 Bhagtā
Belcha Betan-mātl . . . . . . 7:} Bhagwftr
Belchak . Bet-bandi . . . . . . 73 BhagZ{tt .
Belchu। Beth . . . . . . . . 73 IBhaha
Belchuk . Beth . . . . . . . 5Tl IBh{1f
Beldār . Bethia . . . . . . . . 7:B IBhai .
Bele . Betf . . . . . . . . 18 Bhatt-ans . .
B6le Betra-bandi . . . . . . 73 Bh:tt band .
Belhāt 7:B Bhāti bandi
Belhai . ___
Bett . . . . . . . } 571
Bhāfb:tnt .
611
 BHA
_ Page col
Bhāibat . Bhāns 76 2 Bhartott
Bhāfbāu . Bhānsal Bhartri . . . . }
Bhāt dwitiya Bhansara Bhartri-hari-jogf .
Bhāfhissf Bhanslema Bhāruthāl
Bhaijam6 Bhantā . Bharwār
Bhāijht . Bhanwag . Bharwastil
Bhaint Bhānwatyā . Bharwasuli
Bhāipansi Bhāto . Bharwatfa
Bhaikar Bhaolee . Bharwuttia .
Bhailee . Bhāryā
Bhāolf
Bhātphot . Bhāsān .
Bhaipuā . Bhāolikhil . Bhasftwan
Bhaimf Bhaoli pā. Bhāshā . . .
Bhains Bhar . Bhāshapāda .
Bhainslet . Bhar Bhāskara saptamf
Bhais Bhār . Bhasm . _

Bhaitā Bhārā . Bhasma -

Bhaiwad Bhārā . Bhasmasnāna

*

Bhāiyā Bhātrā . Bhasmf

Bhaiyfibant . Bhārā Bhat
Bhaiyāchārā . Bhārā . Bhāt .
Bhaiyāchārf Bhārā . . Bhāt
Bhāiyājama . Bharahar . Bhāt .
Bhaiyāpansi Bharāf . Bhāt
Bhāj . . . . Bharakf Bhata .
Bhajanappura . IBharan . Bhata
Bhājawal Bhātt:ः .
Bharana
Bhājidast Bhattā .
Bhākar Bharana Bhattan
Bhakat . . fhेidibba. Bhātem
Bhakshya . . Bharat Bhatteg
Bhaksf . . } Bhat gaur
Bhakt . . Bhārat Bhāthā
Bhakta . Bharata Bhathā
Bhākta Bhārata . Bhathf .
Bhakti IBhārata Bhathidār
Bhāl . . . Bharata-varsha Bhāttf . ___

Bhalagashti Bhārati IBhatf . . .

IBhalāwan Bharātiya Bhātti .
Bhāl-sultan Bharaunā . Bhati6. .
Bhāle . Bharautf Bhatiārā
Bhālu fhāibhija. Bhatiārf . 12
Bhamatyā Bhare Bhatijamā .
Bhānd Bharekarf Bhatiyārā .
Bhānd। Bhārekarf Bhatkaria .
Bhandār Bhitregtoreg Bhatnagar
Bhāndār . Bhargat Bhatolar
Bhandara . . Bhātsari .
Bhari।
Bhandārā . . . Bhāttset .
Bhandarkhama IBharippukāran . Bhatt
Bhāndarf Bharit . Bhatta
Bhandftrf Bhariyā Bhatta .
Bhandarmār Bhārja Bhatta
Bhang Bharkas Bhatt6
Bhāng . Bharkf Bhattāchārj
Bhangā . . Bharnā Bhattācharya
Bhangā ___
} Bhattagutta
Bhangāmoharrir . Bharnā . Bhattamānyam .
Bhangel6।। Bharna . . Bhattavartulu .
Bhāngerft Bharnādār . Bhattawritti .
Bhangf . Bharpaee . Bhattf
Bhangf . Bharpiti . Bhatti .
Phāng rā . Bharpatw6।। Bhattiftna .
Bhanguni Bharte Bhattikāri _

Bhanguria Bharthee . Bhattikumbhār

Bhanja . Bhartkul Bhattvartti
Bhaur . _____
Bhartot . Bhātu
612
 BHA BHI BHU
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Bhatuā 79 2 11 Bhitari6 . Bhoyee

Bhātu6ः . 80 1 13 Bhitaurf . Bhrittrf .
Bhatudiya 80 I 13 Bhitf Bhrātridatta .
Bhātula . 80 I 15 Bhftf . Bhrātridwitiya
Bhatuv6 . 80 1 17 Bhitf-barf . Bhrigubansi .
Bhatyamu . 79 1 40 Bhitr{ Bhrita
Bhāti 80 I 19 Bhittf . Bhriti .
Bhātigandf . 80 1 22 Bhodaee Bhritirttpa . . ' __

Bhattii . 80 1 24 Bhoee .
Bhātij ____ 80 1 25 Bhog Bhuda .
Bhātinrf . 80 1 26 Bhoga . Bhudahur .
80 1 28 Bhoga . . Bhudbhudama .
Bhātinri6. .
}_ 572 I 10 Bhogabhandak Bhudduee .
Bhāv ं . _ 80 1 32 Bhogabandasanadu . Bhuddye
Bhavai6. . 80 1 38 IBhogabhunduk . Bhudorea
Bhāvati। 76 2 39 Bhogadār IBhudureea .
80 1 33 Bhogādhi . Bhuduyee
Bhavanti . . . . . { 572 I 11 Bhogādhikār . Bhudwee
Bhavāyā . 80 1 38 Bhogalāibha . Bhugut
Bhāw6।। 80 1 40 Bhogalabdhi Bhukt
Bhāwar 572 1 12 Bhogam . Bhulawun
Bhaweley 76 2 39 Bhogamandapa Bhung .
Bhedā . . 80 1 41 Bhogamttrtti . . Bhungee .
Bhed-bahi . 572 1 14 Bhogandi Bhuntā .
Bhedf . . 80 1 44 Bhoghiya IBhunwug .
Bhedfbandi 80 l 45 Bhogf . . . . . Bhur .
Bhediyā . 80 2 ।।1 Bhogf-pandikai . . IBhur .
Bheel 81 1 17 Bhogottar . _ Bhuray
Bhej 80 2 3 Bhogotra . Bhurboonja .
Bheja
Bhej-barār .
Bhejbarrar

Bhent
Bhentnāma .
Bhera
Bheri .
Bherree

Bhet
Bhetā

Bhete
IBhetf

Bhikh
.

Bhetbakrit

Bhet-patra .
Bhiān .
Bhikār .
Bhfk

Bhikhārf .
Bhikshā
Bhikhu
Bhikshu
Bh11 .
Bhfmarātrf

Bhimnagotra
Bhinnodara .
Bhiphaf
Bhfr .
Bhis . .
Bhisenda
.

Bheli . . . . . . . }

IBhimjodha . .* .

Bhishmāshtamf .
Bhft
Bhft .
Bhttar-barf .
.

.
.

.
... {

___

613
572
80
80
80
572
80
572
572
80
671
80
572
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80
80
80
80
80
80
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
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81
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572
1
2
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2,
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18
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17
30
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35
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39
40
42
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2
22
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8
9
9

I
5
5
Bhoguevottur .
Bhogya . . . .
Bhogyabandhak .
Bhogyādhi।
Bhogyādhikār
Bhogyamu।
Bhof .
Bhoi
Bhoimttl
Bhojan

Bhooda .
Bhoodkee
Bhooeen
Bhooeenhar .
Bhoom .
Bhoomiawut.
Bhoon . . .
Bhoonbhaee .
Bhoonduree
Bhoongaee
Bhoonhar
Bhoor .
Bhooruree .
Bhoos .
Bhoosa .
Bhoosra
Bhoot
Bhopt . .
Bhopya .
Bhoti
Bhotikār
Bhow .
Bhowlee
.
.
Bhojankharch .
Bhojpatra
Bholān .
Bholkhut .
. .
Bhuree .
Bhurgut .
Bhurkee .
Bhurnā
Bhurrye .
Bhurtote .
Bhurtuneea
Bhurut
Bhurwar .
Bhut,
Bhuttee .
Bhutha
Bhuthee
IBhutt .
Bhutt
Bhutta
Bhuttee .
Bhuttu।
Bhuttugoottu .
IBhutu .

Bhtt

Bhudā .
.

Bhttbandu . .
Bhubandujabitā
Bhttd .
Bhttda
Bhuda

Bhttdānam .
Bhttdanapatra
Bhttdkhāki .
Bhudkf
Bhttdpārāni
Bhttduk
Bhttgararāsi
Bhttibhāren .
.
.
Bhttband-hissebu .
Bhttband-likhā .
.
_

.
।।
 BHU BHU BIN

Page col.
Bhttihātrf Bhuttechor 84 Bihri।
Bht1-in . Bhtttyā . 84 Bij .
fhitāiagdhā . . Bhyce . 47 Bijitt
Bhttinhār . Bhyle Bijak .
Bhttinm{tlf . Bhyns . Bijar .
Bhujarf Bhynsonda . Bijawarf .
Bhuks6 . B{ . Bijheriyā .
Bhuktan fiं . . . Bijhonia .
Bhttm Biāj khaibar Bijkhād
Bhttmak Biaju Bijmār
Bhttmi Biār Bijogf .
Bhttmi Biās . Bijparava
Bhttmift . BiāZ Bijparmia chi iati .. । *__;
Bhttmiftwat . Bibād Bijur .
Bhttmiftw{ttf Bikh .
Bhttmidāhā Bibhāg } 5 46 Bikri .
Bhttmidatnam . Bichār . Bikrf . . .
Bhttmidair Bichārak . Bikrigola .
Bhtimij . Bichārkarttā Bikwfin
Bhttmika Bichhāftf Bil
Bhttmka Bichrā Bfl .
Bhumya . Bichwai। Bil .
Bhttn . . Bichwānf Bil6।।
Bhttn-bhāf . Bid Bflā . . .
Bhttndari . Bfdā Bilabandf .
Bhundift Bid6 . . Bilabandf
Bhungāf . . Bidaat . Bilabundee
Bhttnhār . Bidaniyā . Bilādahola .
Bhttnsājins . Bidar . Biladār
Bhunsār . Bidāra Bilahbandi .
Bhttniyft Bidar-parotā Bilaks .
Bhunja Bidaru . Bilft mashrut
Bhunjārf Bidftru Pilā sharat
Bhttnjari . Bidāy . 85 Bfldār
Bhttr . . Bidhi . _ Bil-fail
Bhttrā . Bidhibat . Bilgārf .
Bhttra Bidige Bflhā
Bhttrari . . Bidike Bilfa .
Bhttrbhurf . Bidikeyavaru . Bilijm{tl
Bhttrdand . Bidlavan . Bilkā .
Bhttrf Bidrf Bilkharia .
Bhurf . Bfdu . . Bilkul .
Bhursf Bidukādu Billadugu।
Bhtts Biduru Bflu . . .
Bhus . . Biga . Bflubitti .
Bhtts6 . Biganu। Bilmakhta .
Bhtisājins Bigār Bilmakta
Bhttsftr Big:tri Bilmakta inftm
Bhusārf . Bigatf Bilmaktajama .
Bhttsauta . Biggah। Bilmakta mukhitsa
Bhttsaurf . Bighā Bilmakta patta .
Bhttsftwan Bighā . Bilmakta rai
Bhttsehrā Bigha Bilmokta .
Bhttsrā IBighādām Bilmookta
Bhttt . Bighādān Bilmugta
Bhttt ff्रitaf । IBilmudta
Bhttt Bighāoti Bilmutter .
Bhttta . Bighari Bfmā
Bhtttabali Bigharni Bimān . .
Bhtttachaturdasf Bighati Bimbatf .
Bhtttadevatā Bighawanf . Bin .
Bhtttayajna . Bihan . Binā .
Bhtttbali . Bihand . IBinaha
Bhutechor Bihar . Binahar .
Bhtithund6 . Bihishtf . IBināf
IBhtitkhat . Bihnond Binaula .
Bhuttā . ___ Bihnor Binauria .
614
 BIN BIS BOR
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Bināwat 87 38 Bisāh . Bodā ___

Binbinwftlā . 29 Bisaluru . Bodar

Bind। 43 Bisal #्रi6 '. . . . .
Bindā . 44 Bisanam Bodur
Bfndā l Bisandhi . Boee ___

Bindast 41 Bisār Bogami .

Binderi . Bisāt Bogamu .
Bindraban Bisāttf Bogamudi
Bindu। Bisaya Bogamuvādu।
Binnaha Bisaye Bogase .
Binnapa . Bisen . Bogsa .
Binuhur . Bish . Bohārā .
Binwānsi Bishā . Boharf
Bipakh Bishkapra Bohārf
Bipal . Bishnottara . Bohaudia
Biphāi . Bishnowattur . Bohmun
Bir . Bishnowi . Bohni
Bfr6 . Bishnpreet . Bohrā
Bfra . Bishnprft
Birā . Bishnprftdār Bohuda
Birāda _
Bishnuprft Bof . . .
Birādar-am ?ftda Bisht . _ Boi-bachh
Biral . . . . Bishumpereet B6fdu
Birana-khar Bfsee Bojā .
Birār . Bisf . Bojh .
Birār . Bojhā . _

Birbānf Bisee . Bojhbatāi .

Birgoojar Bisf Bokā .
Birgtijar . Bishayi Bokkasa .
Birhād . . . . Bismi _ Bokkasadamane
Birhād bājālen . Bisodhan . Bokkena
Birhādkari Bisodhanpatra . . Bol6 .
Birhana Bissof . _ Bolādār . __

Birhār Biswa IBolādār-band shara

Birheria Biswabarār . Bolādār-bil muktā
Bfrf . 88 Biswadār Bolans
Birinj . Biswadārf Bolansi .
Birinjari Biswak . Bolehdar
Birinjphal Bisw{tli। Bolkhut .
Birjuntry . Biswamsa Bolkhat
Bijebassy Biswānsf . Bolwam .
Birjebaussie . Bombya
Birjebussie . Biswf Bomkar
Birjia . Bftā Bomda . . .
Birk: . Bita . Bonda koyya .
Birmbhāt . Bitaurā . Bondu . ____

Birnakhār Bitaurf . Bondu powadam .

Biradh Bithak . Bonga
Birra . Bftkhet . Boni .
Birra Bitlavan . . . B6ni
Birrābarār . Bitnoben . . . Bontalu-rftsf
Birral . Bitr6bandi . ___ Bood '. .
Bittadahola . . . Boodhgunga
Birt
Birta .
{ Bitte . . . _ Boodeet
Book
Bitt6khādi .
Birtijāra . Bitteyettu। Bookāru।
Birtiā . Bittiyālu IBoolundee
Birtjajmān Bittiyava . _ IBoon . . .
Birtjajmāni . Bittuvadu . Boondah .
Birtkhairāt IBitu . . . . . IBoondela
Birtpatra Biyutāt . B00nt
Birtprohitai . BiZaāt _
Boora
Birtpurohiti Bo . . . . Booratokra .
Birwiः Bofti . . . . . Booreedu
Birwāhi . Boar6. . . . . . Boorree . .
Bis . Bob . . . . . Borā
Bisa . ___
Bobhātt6. . . Bora .
615
 BOR BUID BUR

Borah Budnee . Bunda

Boro . Budraka Bunda . .
Borofasl IBudrika . Bundbehri .
Bosf . . • • Budul . . Bundbardasht
Bottu। Budurow Bunde
Bottu . Bugar . Bundee
Bounga . . IBuggalah Bundee .
Bowley Bughee Bundee _

Bowree . Bughel . Bundeekhana .

Brahm6।। IBugsurea . Bundeewan .
Brahma . . . Buguree . Bundh
Brahmachārf Bu-hāl Bundh .
Brahmacharya Buhee Bundhan
Brahmādaya Buheer Bundhan .
Brahmahatyā . Buhleem Bundhara
Brahmajaee . Buhoo Bundhara
Brahmajai . Buhora . Bundhuk
Brāhman . __ Buhoro . . Bundhkhana
Brāhmanabhojana Buhroopeea Bundhun
Brahmanadivya . Bujhwut Bundhwas
Brahmanbhdjan Bujeedar . Bundlee . _

Brfthmanf Bujra Bund-o-bust .

Brāhmanjan Bukar . Bundphanta .
Brāhmanwftd Bukara . Bundphatuk .
Brahmavāsittf . IBukh . Bundugee
Brahmottara . Bukha Bunduh
Brahmun Bukhar Bunga
Braj Bukharee Bungalow
Brajbasf . . . Bukhsh Bungauntha
Brajbhākhā . Bukhshee Bungree .
Brajbhāshā . Bukhul . Bunij .
Bramadayum Bukhul . Bunik .
Bramandayan Bukhur . Bunjur .
Braman IBukhur . Bunjari
Bramin . Bukiloo Bunjary .
Braminee IBukiroo . Bunjin
Brat Bukkar . Bunkhura .
Brij . . Bukolee . Bunkunda
Brijbasi Bukote Bunkur .
Bukra Bunkutti .
Brit .
Bulahur Bunnee .
Brita . IBuld . Bunneea .
Brittānt . ___ Bulee . Bunoula .
Brittimahātbrāhmani . Bulkut . Buns
Brittāntpatra Bulla . Bunsa
Bromutter . Bullaee . Bunsee
Bruhmutter . Buloota Bunt .
Bruj Bulooteh Bunt
Brujbasee IBuloote Buntaria
Bulooten Buntrotu .
Bubool Buloteh Buntur .
Buboor . IBuloten . | Bunwickree
Buch Bulud . | Bunya
Buch . Bum . . Budreed .
Buchgotee Bumb . Bur
Buch honta Bumboo Bur .
Buckoy Bumbeetha . Bur
Budbachh Bumhun . Bura
Burahee .
Budee
Budh
Budhia
Budl
Budla .
Budlami
Budlee
Budmaash .
Budnami . • _ --
616
_ । Bun
IBun
Bunboo
Bunchur .
Bunchuree
IBund .
Bund .
Bund
Bunda .
Buramduh
Burar
Burat ".
Burawurd .
Burawurdu .
Burdu।
Burdu-furosh
Buree
 BUR. BUT
col. Page col. line Page col. line
Buree . Buthan 67 32 Burud। 95 14
Burgum . . #े-bia-butiui _ _ _ _
Butftdu। 17
Burgundass . IButohee . Butārad . 18
Burha Butolum . Bitt-faroshi .
Burhaee . Butorun . ___
Bitt-paroshi
Burhawun .
Burhee
Burhiya .
Burhna
Burhmee
Burha .
Burkendoss .
Burkhast .
Burkondoss .
_
Butta
Buttaee
Buttai
Buttaye
Buttei।

Bu .
Bu6ः .
. . . .

। Butt6wal .
Byā
Byā . .
.

Byabahār . *
Byabahārik .
Byabasāy
Byabasāyf
Byabasthā .
Byāh .
Burkulu . Bubu . Byāj .
BurkundaZ . Bttd . . . Byāju .
Burkuyan . . Btid-bāsh . . . . Byali
Burkhwast . Buddali . . . . Byāna .
Burmetter Buddili। _
Byāpār .
Burmhotur . Budhavāra . Byāpārf
Burmitter Budhbār . Byāra
Burmuter. . Budhganga . Byauhār .
Burmutteor . Budhwftr . . Byaupārf
Burna Budibudaki . Byaunā
IBurnee Bttdidepannu . Byat .
Buroee . Budft . . . . Byay . .
Burooa Budftkharch . Byayhar
Burra Budft-khat . Bye .
Burra . Budit-khāteg _
Bye .
Burra Budft-ktil . . . . Bygftr
Burra . Budki . ___
Byhont
Burrawurd Budrttkh Byhontah
Burree _______
Bugāra rftsf . Byl .
IBurroh . . . . . Bujhārat Byna .
Burrud Bujhonta . Byohar
Burrun . __ Bttk . Byohar _

Burrun shunkur Btikara Byoharā .

Burry Bukka Byohārf .
Bursat Bulandi Byopārf .
Bursaut Bultigh . Byouhar .
Burseet Bun Byragee . . . .
Burt . Bun . . . Byraghee . .
Burtun _____ Bundela . Byse . . . .
Bur-turuf . . . . . Btindu। Bysuk . .
Burtoosh Btindu bij IBysakh . .
Burud Bunga . . . Byshnav .
Burun Bunyāh Byt . .
Burus Bitnt, Bythuk
Bus Bunyfid Bywustah
IBuseekut Bunyftdf . . . . . By wuster
Buseet Bunyfidf-thalkarf . .
Bushtomoottur Burft . . . . .
Businia Bitra
Busta Burād। Caste .
Bustee Burant Chabenā .
Bustum . Burftnt . Chabenf .
Busunt Bttra tukra Chābuk
Busutee . Burh . Chaibuk-suwār
But, Chabutarah .
Btirhā .
But Chabtttra
Burh6. .
IButaee .
Butehappanee .
Butchuppaee
Butchhupee - - -
Buteea
Butes
Butkhura
Butkuru ___

617
_

_____
Brtrhālf .
Buri .
Burfda
Burkā

Bttrki।
Burrf .
.
Burk6-chi-kul
. .
Chacha
Ch:tchā .
Chachar
Ch{tchar

Chacher6 .
Chachf
Chātchi
.
Chāchar . .

।
 CHA CHA CHA
c 01

Chadar . . . Chakiri . Chalit

Chadar-andāZf . 1 Chakiyāra Chāliyan .
Chadartt-guddi . Chakk6 . Chalki
Chadftwu। Chakkfila . Challanidora .
Chadh . . Chakkalu। Challigueny
Chadhpatti Chakkan . Challygueny . .
Chftdi Chakkara _ Chalni . . .
Chāh Chakkarakalla . Chalsi .
Chah Chakkat . Chaltā .
Chahal . . Chakki Chaltf . . .
Chahaldā . . Chakkili Chaltidaftar
Chahal-sitttn _ Chakkināma . Chalttt .
Chahār-shamba . Chakkinftur6।। Chālu।
Chahār-stt . Chakku . . . Chāma
Chāthf . Chakkubandhi . Chaman .
Chāhf-2amin Chakl6. Chamār
Chāhil Chāklā . . Chāmār .
Chathirā Chaklā bandi . Chāmara .
Chahlf । Chaklanawfs Chamargaur
Chahorft . Chakledār Chamārin .
Chahotra . Chakledārf . . Chamāyen .
Chithttr . . Chakle kharch Chambal .
Chahutrft . Chakli Chāmchorf .
Chithvarf . . . Chamhār .
Chaknftma
Chfthvarf-mot . Chamia .
Chithivarf Chaknāma arftZi . Chamosfa
Chithwary6-bail Chakra Chāmitālā-eliatirdist _

Chithwarf-mot . Chakramu . . . Chām . . . .

Chail Chakrftnkadam . . Chanfः _

Chain Chakrfinkam Chanambu parati .

Chain . Chakravantige . Chanamfa
Chaina . _ Chakravarttf . Chanān .
Chaifn khatf . Chakrawriddhi . Chanappan . ' ''
Chftin laban Chakrftwal . Chamftttam .
Chait . Chakrftwali . Chanchar .
Chaitt _ Chakrf Chāncharf .
Chaitra . . .. Chākrift Chancharu।
Chaitya . Chākrfkudu Chānchfo
Chak Chaktukra Chānd .
Chak Chakwfton . Chandā . .
Chak . Chakwand Chāndā .
Chāk . Chātl . Chitnda .
Chātk . Chālā . Chānda . . .
Chftkā . . . . . Chalab Chand6-aogftht .
Chākalavādu . . Chalān
Chandai .
Chakalyft . Chandal .
Chakar - Chālān . Chandal .
Chākar Chālan . Chandftlfa .
Chakar . Chalandār . Chāndam .
Chākar6ः . Chalani Chandāna .
Chākarftn Chālanf . Chandana-yfttra . . . . .
Chākarān-Zamin . Chalantā ‘. . . . Chandan-khuri-mahal . .
Chakar bardeshi . . Chalanti-jiteditd . Chandanotsava . . 101
Chākarf Chalāionf . Chandav6. . . 101
Chākarfft Chalavādi . ___ Chandel . . 101
Chakati . Chalavādi-ayu-joti . Chandeli . . l0l
Chak-bandi . Chalftwan amdānf Chātndf . . 100
Chak-bandf . Chālf . Ch:tndinā . 101
Chak-barār . Chitli . Chandinah.. _
. . 10I
Chak-basta _
Chaliegueny . Chandfna Alamganj . . 101
Chak-basta-dār Chāli gaini . Chandfna bfijantrf . . 101
Chakbele . Chaligaini chitu। Chāndfna dār . _ . 101
Chakeram Zumeen Chftli gaini-gār Chandfna damdhārf . 101
Chakeran jemmy Chaligaravu . Chandivala . . 101
Chākhamd . Chalipandili Chandiyā . . 101
Chaki . Chalisft . 101
Chfindlft .
Chākf Chālisf . . . 573
Chaki . __ Chalisidakka Chāndnf . . 100
618
 CHA CHA
eol, Page eol, line Page col line
Page
Chftndni-chauk . . 100 Charāni . . l03 Chāttftnulu . . l04
Chāndnf-karan . . . 100 Charftramn6।। . l03 Chatao . 104
Chandni-rāyat . . 573 Charas . . 103 Chātar
Chandra . __ . . 106 Charāti . . 102 Chatarā .
Chandragrahana . . . l0l Chārāyakāran . . l03 Chāttf . _

Chandraseni kāyastha . . . I0l Chārāyakata . l03 Chātia malangi

Chaneth . ___ . 10l Chārāya kuttumata . . l03 Chāttpāik
Changār . . . 10l Chārāyam . l03 Chattam
Changel . . 10l Chārdehātt . . l03 Chattamu .
Changtili . . . . I0l Chargan . . . l03 Chattiga
Chānk . . 10l Charh . . . l03 Chattiram .
Chank . . 10l Charhāti . . l03 Chattiriyan .
Chānk6 . . 101 Charhftit . . . l03 Chattram . _

Channangi-nellu। . . 102 Charhandār . . l03 Chattu bftvalf .

Channel māra . . . 102 Charhātti . . . l03 Chatukulu।
Channel vari . . 102 Charhftw6. . . . 103 Chatur bhagamu .
Chanta _ . 102 Charhli-phollu . . 103 Chaturdasf
Chantanagaram . . 102 Charhtā _
. . . l03 Chāturmāsya .
Chanta vila . 102 . I03 Chaturtha
Charht6, patt6 . __

Chāntf . . . . . . 102 Charhtf . . . l03 Chaturtha kriy6 .

Chantrakkāran . . 102 . . l03 Chaturtha pinda
Charhwāya .
Chantram . 102 Charhwi ” . . 103 Chaturthf __

Chānwal . . . l02 Charf . . I03 Chaturupfidhyāya .

Chanwfin . 102 . l03 Chaturvedf
Chārf kāgaja
Chāol . . . 102 102 Chatushpatha
Charkh
_ 102 573 Chatussfmā .
Chāp . 109 Charkhā . . 573 Chatwattha .
Chāpā . . . 102 Charkhftbf . . 573 Chau .
Chapādar . 102 Charkhi . . . . . l03 Chau .
Chāpagattu . . . 102 Charkhshumārf . . . 573 Chau
Chāpanf . . 102 Charmajoda . . l03
Chaubāchha _:_

Chapatā .
Chapātf . . .
Chāpāvani
. .
.
.
102
102
102
Charmak .
Charmakātra
Charmas .
.

.
.
.
.
l03
103
108
Chaubandf
Chaubār .
{_
Chāp-jarfb . . 102 Charni _ . . l03 Chaubftrft .
Chapolulu . . l02 Chitrshamba . . 104 Chaubārf
Chapp6 . . 102 Chātrstt . l04 Chaubf
Charsunnud . . . 573 Chaubfsa . 105
Chappar . . . 102
Chappekatte . . 102 Chātrtta . . 104 Chaudharat . . 105
Chapra Chitrttumuri . . . l04 Chaudharftyat .
. . 102
Chaprās . Charut{tr . 104
. 102 Chaudhari . . . . . !
Chaprāsf . . . 102 Charw6ha . . . 104
Chapre . Charw{tht . 104 Chaudhuree .
. 102
Chaprt . Charwiti . . . l04 Chaudhri।
. . 102
Chaprow Charyār . . . l04 Chaudu
. 110
Char . . . 102 104 Chaudu .
Chāts .
Chār . . . 102 573 Chauduppu .
Char
Chātra
. . . .
. .
573
102
Chftsa .
Chāsā __
{ .
.
104
104
Chaugadda .
Chaughftchā
Chara . . 573 Chftsh . . . l04 Chaughal6 .
Charāgfth . 102 Chashā . . 104 Chaughula
Charagf . l02 Chitshā . . . . Chaugulft
___ 102 Chāshāt chitshf . . . . 104
Charfti . 573 Chauhadda
Chashān . . . . 104 {_
Chitrat . 102 Chāshbitsh . . . l04 Chauhaddi . __

Charak _ . 102 Chātshf . Chauhān .

Charakgfichh . . 103 Chāshsanad . . 104 Chauk .
Charakf . . l03 Chātsht . . . 104 Chauk6ः
Charakka . 103 Chitshtgfth . . l04 Chauka . .
Charakptjā . . . l03 ChftshtnamāZ . . 104 Chaukals6।।
Charān . _ . 103 Chāsf . . 104 Chaukarft
Charān . . 103 Chāsio . . . 573 Chaukara-bhttmf
Chāran . . 103 Chatsnf . 104 Chaukari
Charanāmrit . . . l03 Chātā . . . l04 Chaukasf .
Charanodaka . l03 Chatāf . 104 Chaukasnis
Charandās . 573 Chatān . . 104 Chauk-bharna
Charandāst . . 573 Chatānf . . . 104 Chaukhāt ' ं i06
619
 CHA। CHA CHEI
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Chauki। _ . 106 Chavulunela . 107 Cheru। _ . 109
Chaukidār . . 106 Chavuluppu . . 107 Cherujitnmam . . . 109
Chaukidārf . . 106 Chavutu . . 107 Cherukānam . . 573
Chaukmār6 . . 106 Chātwadi _
. 108 Cheruku . . . . . 109
Chaukmārtt . . . 106 Chawadiyava . . 108 Cherumakkal . . 108
Chauknikās . 106 Chawal . . 107 Cheruman . . 108
Chātul . . . 102 Chftwal . 102 Chdrumānakāran . . 109
Chāil . 106 107 Ch6rumānam . . 109
Chawal . }
Chaul6।। . . 106 573 Cherumar . 108
Chaula . 106 Chawalf . . 107 Cheruvu। __

Chaula-karama . ll5 Chawar . . 573 Chestara ch6wadi . . 108

Chaul gainee 99 Chāwar . . 107 Chet _ . 109
Chauli . 106 Chftwari . . . . 108 Ch6ta . . . 109
Chaulotsava . . . ll5 Chawarf-kharch . 108 Chetan . 109
Chaulu . -
. 107 Chawbuck . 95 Chetram . . . 109
Chaulugadde . . 107 Chawbuck swaar 95 Chette . 109
Chaulugadde . 107 Chāwupula . . 108 Chettf . . . 109
Chaumās . . . 106 Chāya . . . 108 Chettf . l l4 .
Chaumāsa . . l ()6 Cheapara . . lll Chettukāran . . 109
Chaumasia . 106 Cheduru . . . 108 Chettupattam . . 109
Chaundhi . 106 Chedftvu . . 108 Ch6tukudu . . 109
Chaunhar-gour . . . 100 Cheek _ . . 112 Chewara . 109
Chaunrā . 106 Cheekur . . 112 Chewarra . . . 109
Chaunrf . . 100 Cheekut . . 1l2 Chhāch . . 109
Chātinrf . . 106 Cheepa . . l ll Chhād . . . l10
Chauntailf . . . 106 Cheetaro . l l3 Chhadām . 100
Chaupāl . . . 106 Chegavan . 108 Chhahel . . 109
Chaupan . . . 106 Chehar . 108 Chhahkttr . 109
Chaupani . . . . l06 Chehra . . . . 108 Chhai . . . 109
Chaupār . . 106 Chehrabandi . . 108 Chhāj . . . 109
Chaupār . . . 106 Ch6kavan . 108 Chhakrā . . . 109
Chaupārf . . l06 Chekku। . . 108 Chhal . 100
Chaupula . . . 108 Cheku। . . 108 Chhāl6 . . . 109
Chaur . 106 Chela . . 106 Chhalavādi . 109
Chaura _
. . ll5 Chelatini . 108 Chhfilmā . . 109
Chaurakarana . . I 15 Chelāvani। . . 108 Chhamuchitāti . . 109
Chaurāha . . . 106 Chelf . . 108 Chhāmukftran . . 109
Chaurftsf . 106 Chelike . . . 108 Chhanpitt . 109
Chaurkāni . 106 Chellam . . . 108 Chhātoni। . . 109
Chaursf . . 106 Chellaun . 98 Chhāp . 109
Chaus . . 106 Chellubākilu। . 108 Chhāpa . . 110
Chausinghā . 106 Chelluchitf . 108 Chhāpa . . . 110
Chauth . . . 106 Chembade vādu। . 108 Chhapa hāsil . 110
Chauthāt . . . 107 Chemmān . . 108 Chhāpa kfighaZ . 110
Chauthāf . 107 Chena . 108 Chhāpa khāna . . 110
Chautharā . . 107 Chench। . 108 Chhāpt . . 110
Chauthelf . 673 Chānāhukula-davari ” . . 108 Chhitpikari . . 110
Chauthf . . 107 Chenchuvādu। . . 108 Chhāpt rupaiya . . l10
Chauthiā _ . . 107 Chendi . 108 Chhappar . . 110
Chautf . . . . . . 108 Chengavarusa . . 108 Chhappar band . 110
Chautki kayāli . . 107 Chengoli . . . 108 Chhappar bandf . 110
Chautrā _ . 107 Chenu। . 108 Chhāpti . 110
Chautu। . 107 Chenvukottf . . . 108 Chhār . . l10
Chautuppu। . 107 Cheota . . 108 110
Chavalamu . . 107 Chera . _
. . 108
Chhār { 573
Chavalan _ . . 107 Cherfidāya . . . 108 Chhārā . . . 110
Chavatu bhttmf . 107 Cherāf . . . 109 Chhārftbfikf . 110
Chāverruvuttt . . 107 Ch6rf . . . 109 110
. . 107 Ch6rikkal . . . 109
Chhār-chitthf 573
Chavik6.3.
Chawile . . 107 Cherlabham . . 108 Chhārf . . . . . l10
Chavu। . 107 Cherlāpam . . . 108 Chharfbardār . . 110
Chavudāi . . 107 Chermakkal . . 108 Chharidār . . . . 110
Chavuka . 107 Chermers . . . 108 Chhārsanad . . . 573
Chavukālu। . . 107 Ch6rnadār . . 109 Chhat . 110
Chavulu . . 107 Cherr ं, . . 109 Chhāt . . 110
Chavulugadde . . . 107 Cherrus . . . l03 Chhāttā . ' ं iii)
Chavulugadde . _
. 107 Cherruvita . 108 Chhatāk . l10
620
 CHEI CHI CHI
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Chhatftnk . . . . . . 110 15 | Chickum . . .. . . . l l2 I 39 Chfni . . . . . . . . II3
Chhatānkf . . . . . . 110 l5 | Chigaravantige . . . . III 45 Chinkā . . . . . . . 574
Chhatānkf . . . . . . II0 16 | Chihāf . . . . . . . I 12 4 Chinkalu . . . . . . l l3
Chhatāto . . . . . . . 110 19 | Chihānā . . . . . . . l l2 4 Chinkalu-rāsf . . . . . l l3
. . . 110 24 | Chihātrā . . . . . . . ll2 4 | Chinnut • . . . . . 578
Chhatar . . . .
. . . 110 20 | Chfh6 . . . . . . . . l l2 8 Chintal-lanaguti . . . . II3
Chhathf . . .
Chhatr . . . . . . . l10 24 | Chihel . . . . . . . ll2 6 Chintal-makta . . . . . l l3
Chhatra . . . . . . 110 ? Chinwal . . . . . . . l l3
24 |. Chihlā . . . . . . . . I12
35 | Chihna . . . . . . . l l2 9 Chippala . . . . . . I l3
Chhatradhar . . . . . . II0
Chhatrapatf • . . . . I l0 *! | Chihnit . I12 11 Chippevādu . . . . . . l l3
Chhatrapati pais6. . . . . l l l 4 { 5?2 45 | Chippiga . . . . . . l l3
Chhatravarttana . . . . l10 39 | Chihnit māma . . . . . I l2 l3 | Chipten . . . . . . . ll3
Chhatrf . . . . . . . 110 28 | Chik . . . . . . . . ll2 l5 | Chir . . . . . . . . l l3
Chhatrf . . . . . . . II0 41 Chfk . . . . . . . . l l2 l8 | Chira . . . . . . . . l l3
Chhattttr . . . . . . . 110 43 ! Chfk . . . . . . . . l l2 25 9hira • . . . . . . l l3
Chhaur . . . . . . . III 7 | Chika . . . . . . . l l2 26 | Chfra . . . . . . . . I l3
Chhedā . . . . . . . III 14 | Chikal . . . . . . . . I l2 28 _______ % l l3
Chhedum . . . . . . 109 10 | Chikam . . . . . . . I l2 ऊँ | Chiright । 574
Chhedana . . . . . . III 16 | ChikandoZ . . . . . . l l2 32 | Chiranjiv . . . . . . l l3
Chhela . . . . . . . III l8 | Chikankhādu . . . . . l l2 44 | Chiravarapādu . . . . l l3
Chhenchan . . . . . . III 2I l Chikanwat . . . . . . I l2 42 | Chirāya . . . . . . . ll3
Chhenkwāi6. . . . . . III I9 | Chfkar . . . . . . . l l2 18 | Chirchera . . . . . . l l3
Chhenkwātt • . . . . III I9 | Chfkat . . . . . . . ll2 34 | Chirchitta . . . . . . I l3
Chhetr • . . . . . l ll 23 | Chikātit . . . . . . . I l2 36 | Chireta . . . . . . . l l3
Chhetra . . . . . . . III 23 | Chikhal . . . .
. . . I l2 19 9hireya ,’ - - - - - - l13
Chhetra-phal . . . . . I l l 28 | Chikhalwat . . . . . l l2 28 । 9hjriyamar . . . . . !!a
Chhetrf . . . . . . . I 10 4I | Chikhar . . . . . . . l l2 37 | Chfrppa . . . . . . . ll3
Chhfdā . . . . . . . III 30 | Chikharw6f . . . . . l l2 38 | Chisa . . . . . . . II3
Chhikāf . . . . . . . 1II 32 | Chikkan . . . . . . . l l2 39 | Chit . . . . . . . . ll3
Chhimf . . . . . . . III 33 | Chikli . . . . . . . l l2 3 | Chit . . . . . . . . ll3
Chhind . . . . . . . III 34 | Chikn6 . . . . . . . l l2 39 | Chit . . . . . . . . ll4
Chhfnkā . . . . . .. lll 36 | Chiknftwat . . . . . . l l2 I | Chitā . . . . . . . ll3
Chhfnt . . . . . . . III 40 | Chiknot . . . . . . . l l2 I s| Chitā . . . . . . . . l l4
Chhfntā . . . . . . . III 42 | Chiks6. . . . . . . . l l2 6 | Chitakha . . . . . . ll3
Chhfntab . . . . . . . III 45 | Chilam . . . . . . . I l2 9 | Chitākhand6. . . . . . . I 13
Chhipf . . . . . . . III 1 Chilava . . . . . . . l l2 l3 | Chitāpinda . . . . . l l3
3 | Chilhar-khurch . . . . . l l2 29 | Chftftrohana . . . . . . II3
Chhiptgar . . . . . . III 5
Chhfr . . . . . . . III 4 | Chiliki . . . . . . . l l2 Chitārf . . . . . . l l3
Chhit . . . . . . . . III ? II2 2 l5I |l 9hite . . . . . . . . ! l4
Chhitti6. . . . . . . 111
_

{ | Chilla . { ## Chitee . . . . . . . I l4
. . . . . . . lll 20 | Chiteree . . . . . . . II0
Chhola 10 | Chillaginje . . . . . . l I2
Chhor . . . . . . III 13 | Chillar . . . . . . . l l2 23 | Chithf . . . .
. . . l l4
Chhorān . . . . . . III 14 | Chillar-bab . . . . . . I l2 27 | Chiththf . . . . . . . I l4
Chhorftw6 . . . . . . . III 15 | Chillare . . . . . . . l l2 23 | Chitf . . . . . . . . l l4
Chhor-chitthf . . . . . III l6 | Chillarimānyam . . . . l l2 30 | Chitf . . . . . . . . I l4
Chhotāt bātt . . . . . . III 27 | Chillarkāran . . . . . . ll2 33 | Chiti . . . . . . . . ll4
Chhotā-thākur . . . . III 20 | Chillar-kharchu . . . . l l2 28 | Chftikundi . . . . . . l l4
Chhotā-thākurānf . . . . 1l I 24 | Chillaru . . . . . . . l l2 23 } Chitk6 . . . . . . . l l3
Chhour . . . . . . . III 7 | Chillar-warf . . . . . l l2 34 | Chitnavis . . . . . . . I l3
Chhul . . . . . . . . 109 23 | Chillary-maunium . . . . l l2 36 | Chitnfs . . . . . . . I l3
Chhuppur . . . . . . l10 25 | Chillaun . . . . . . 98 44 | Chitpātta . . . . . . . 574
Chhuppur bund . . . . l l0 28 | Chiller . . . . . . . l l2 24 | Chitpekalārā . . . . . II3
Chhttrfkabandha . . . . III 29 | Chillum . . . . . . . l l2 9 | Chitra . . . . . . . . II3
Chhut • . . . . . l l0 I3 | Chilre . . . . . . . l l2 23 | Chitrabhānu . . . . . I l3
Chhttt . . . . . . . . III 33 | Chiltā . . . . . . . . l l2 24 | Chitragupt . . . . . . I l3
Chhttt . . . . . . . 111 36 Chiltā . . . . . . . l l2 39 | Chitree . . . . . . . II0
Chhtttatitf . . . . . . 1II 41 | Chilwiti . . . . . . . l l2 40 | Chitt . . . . . . . . ll3
Chhtttmafi . . . . . . III 36 | Chimama . . . . . . l l2 48 | 9hitta .. . . _____ ??4
Chhttt-mujrāi . . . . . III 36 | Chimota . . . . . . . l l2 44 । 9hittgrbi . . . . . . . ३14
Chhutr . . . . . . . l I0 24 | Chimpiga . . . . . . !!2 4ā | 9hittārf . . . . . . . ll4
Chhutra . . . . . . . ll0 24 | Chfn . . . . . . . . l l3 I | Chitte . . . . . . . . I l4
Chhutree • . . . . . l l0 28 Chindā . . . . . . . l l3 3 Chitth6. } 114
5 __

Chhttttf . . . . . . . 1l I 42 | Chfng . . . . . . . . ll3

Chhuttoor . . . . . . l10 43 | Chingana . . . . . . I l3 6 | Chittha-āmaldāri . . . . ll4
Chhutur . . . . . . . II0 25 | Chingari . . . . . . . l l3 7 | Chitthi . . . . . . . l l4
Chibhar . . . . . . . III 2 44 | Chingoria . . . . . . ll3 0 Chitthi talab . . . . . . l l4
Chicklee . . . . . . . l12 3 | Chinhā . . . . . . . l l3 1 Chittf . . . . . . ll4
621 T p
 CHI CHO CHU

Page eol. Page eol. line

. . l l3 Choudhuree Chuk . . l15 86
Chittpātwan .
Chittu। . l l4 Chout Chttk . . . l lā 36
. . l l4 Chouth Chukftdo . llā 42
Chitty
Chftu। . l। 14 Chouthea 115 44
Chukāni 5? 24
Chtvātt . ll4 Chow . .
Chivuka Chowdrah . Chukārā . . 115 46
ं iii
Chiwatnat .
Choar
Chob .
Chobd:tr
Chohāt
Chohār .
Chofl .
Choiyft
Chok
Chokft
Chokitbag
Chokee .
Chokeeditr
.
.' ं iii
. l l4

ं iii
' ं iii
' ं iii
. 674
' ं iं
. l l4
' ं ijं
. 100
Chowdry .
Chowdrawy
Chowke
Chowky . . .
Chowkeydar .
Chowlee
Chowmass

Chubootra .
Chubootara -
Chuck
Chucker .
Chuckerbutty .
-
। Chukat
Chukauta
Chukbhttl
Chukf

Chukotf
Chukrf .
Chuktā .
Chuktf
Chukwati
Chula
. .
Chukkftn . .
Chukkfinkāran
. . l l5
. l l5
. . l l5
. l16
. ll5
. l15
. . l lā
. 115
. l l5
574
115
. l15
. . l l5
l
3
40
4l

1।।

. 106 Chuckees . . Chttla . ll5

Choky
Ch6llu। . l14 Chuckla . Chttlā . . . l l5
____।
. 115
Cholury . . 108 Chickibunāy'. । Chulah।
Chulat . . ll5
Chonda . . l l4 Chudam .
Chondft . . Chudur Chulat-6ja . . 115
Chondhā . ं iii Chuh . . Chulat-bhati . . . l lā)
Chontā . . l l4 Chuhlee Chulavero . . 674
Chouti Chuk . . . . Chulhā . . ll5
Choogaee ' ं iiā Chukbundee . Chulhf . ll5
Chookara . . l l5 Chukburar . Chulia . . . I l5
Choolee . 90 Chukee Chuliamalangi . ll5
Chookree . . | liं Chukka . Chulli . . . ll5
Choollee . . l l5 Chukkut . Chulli। . 115
Choolloo . l15 Chukla . Chullu। . . l l5
Choon ' ं ii ँ Chuknāma Chultā • 115
Choonee . 115 Chuktee . Chumata . . . ll5
. l l6 Chukur Chumattātl . . 115
Choongal
Choontroo . . I l6 Chulan . Chumattu kāran . . ll5
. 109 Chullaun . Chumbak . 115
Chop .
• . l l4 Chumar . Chumwā . . . ll5
Chopdi . .
. 114 Chttn . . . l lā)
Chopeddee . Chumur gour
. . l l4 Chuna Chttnft . . . l l5
Choppa
. l10 Chunchur Chunam . . l15
Chopper
. 574 Chunda . Chunftrf . . l l5
Choprā
. ll4 Chundana Chunaru . . . l l5
Chopri
. 574 Chundeenu . Chundigar . . l l5
Choprf _

Chunk . Chungadi . 115

Chopsanad .
Chor . . . . Chunna . Chungal . . . ll6
Chorakharch . . 674 Chunwan . Chungf . . l16
Chor-ank . Chungipenth . . 1l6
Chupree .
Chor-{tnk Chur Chungudu . . 116
Choranimak . Chur . `े . . l l5
Chorftnna ltttle Chunkam . 116
Churgun .
ChordarwftZa Churee . Chunkippa . . 116
Churree Chunnam . 115
Chorgalf
Churrus . Chttnnf . . l l6
Chorgast .
Chorf Churundar Chttntru . . 116
Chorimārf Chttr . . . l l6
Chuit . Chttr6 . l lā)
Chori-sarakula phāramu।
Chorsirhi . Chttdft . Chttrfः . . . l l0
_

Chorugasti . Chttra . 116

Chttdā-karanam _

Chorwftdft Chttrā-bhandftra . . I l6
Chttdā-karmma .
ChorZamin . Chttrf . II6
Chtidā-kriyā . . 574
Chot Chugāi Chttrft
Chot . Chughal . . . Chihā-ehtith' _ _
. 116
Chotāt . Chutt . 116
Chughal khor
Chotana . Chutul . . l l6
Chughli .
Chotanakftran . l l6
Chtthrā Chuyār .
622
 CON DAE'
Pagre c

Consummah . . . 278 ;
Page col Coobooleat . . 581 Page col . line
Cabooleat . 244 Coochala . . . 298 D:ः
Caboolyat . 581 Coodumbon . 298 Ditaf
Cachhee . Coolaruggee . . 300 IDitafa
IDaib
Cadjan
Cahan
Cainatchi .
Cajana
Caliogne .
Callary .
Callum .
Coolee
Coolkurny
Cooly
Coombee
Coonby
Coond
Coorchela .
. 30I
. 300

: 208
IDab
ID:tb
IDab6।।
Ditba

IDitbak
.
.
_
_

}
। 6?ं
।
Calyyoogum . Coour IOftbaliya _

Camar . . Copas .
Canachi Copdar
IDatbar {
Candrika . __
Copedar IDabaro .
Candy . . . . . Cora . IDabbf .
Canoongo . . Corah . IDabbu।
Canoongoe Coran IDabehrā .
Canoongoey . Corge . . . . . . : ं IDabehrf
Canoujia Coss . IDitbf
Cantaroy Coss . IDabift
Caoun Cossid IDabfr . .
Caranajius Cote IDabolen
Caray Cottah IDabrā .
Carbarree Cottam IDabrf . .
Carcoon . Cowl . IDabulen .
Cariagar . Cowle . IDabulken
Carram . Cowrie IDach . .
Caryeedoo . . 582 Cowry . '। 2ii Dachhin
Cash . _____ . 267 Crambo . IDachhinā .
Casht - . . . . 200 Crook . Dachhna
Cattfe . 209 Croory IDitd .
Catty . __
. . 208 Crore . IDitd . .
Catty . . . . . . . 269 Crori IDada . .
CauZee ul CauZat . . . 272 Crorie IDādā
. 272 Cubalot IDaidai
CauZy
Cawel . 27 I Cubbur IDādanf ____

Cawelly . Cuchat Dadanf-malangian .

Cawn . Cuchwaha IDadeya
Cawney . ' : 237 Cullum . IDādh .
CawZee Cullum IDadh
Cazi . Cullum . IDitdf .
Chiaus . Cumbly IDitdf . . .
Cubaleh Cummee ___ IDadi-fariād{
Cist . Cummur keshay IDād-khwāh
Classie Cundagum . IDid-kwhāhf
Coballa Cunnia solaken . ID:tdnf . .
Cochella Cunnikadhanum . IDad-o-sitad .
Coir Cunnikasoolkum Dadrf . . . .
Cole . Curao Dadupanthf . .
Collerie Curnum Dadu-phirifidu .
Colleries Curry IDaee . . .
Collurie Cutcha IDaten .
Comar Cutcherry IDiten
Comaveesdar . : 253 Cuteean IDiter .
Cutguddy IDaerd
Combly !. IDaf .
Comlie Cuttean .
Cuttoocolegay . 583 IDafa-dār
Compte .
Cuttoogootaga . IDafilf
Comptie
Cutty . IDafat .
Comptiebania . IDaftar . . .
Comptum . Cutwal .
Conje . diy". . . . . . . . । 2is Daftar-band
IDaftar-dār
Conjee .
Conkar _
IDaftar-dārf
IDaftarf . _

Conocopilly .
Consamman . _
IDaftar-khāna . ' ं ii#
623
 DAI DAN
Page col. col Page col.
IDaftar-kharch . . 117 Dain mahr muajjal । ं; Dalālat 121
IDaftar-nfsf . . 117 IDāinmuajjal IDalālf . 12I
Daftar-saranjamf . . 117 Dain muwaijal IDalambu। . . 121
. 117 IDairah IDalān . 5T4
Pंig . . . 118 IDitirahdār IDalar . . . . 121
IOfig . . 118 IDitir-o-sāir . IDalarkhan .
Dagā . . . 1l8 Daispaundee IDalaw6।। . ं igi
Dagar _____
. 118 IDaitya Dalawāf . 121
Dagābaj . . . . . . . l18 IDaiva . IDalbeherā
Dagftbajire chalāibār . . 118 IDaivajna Daldal . ' ं i2ीं
IDagbhātura . . . . I lT IDaivaka . IDaldalf . . 121
Dagdha . . 118 IDitk . Dalganjanā . . 121
IDagdojf . . . l18 IDak6ः . Dalhārā . 121
IDagdtig . . 1l8 IDaka . _ IDalhi . 574
IOfigdugf . . . I l8 IDak-chaukf IDitlf . . l21
IDagdujf . . l18 IOfik-ghar . IDalia. . l21
IDagh . . . 118 IDākāft . IDalia[hār . . l2l
IDaghā . l18 IDakāftf IDalfl . 121
DaghabaZ _
. l18 IDākar . IDalfmā . . 121
Dfigh-i-tashfha . l। 18 IDākarā . IDalkar * . l21
Dah . . l l8 IDakāti . IDall{tl . . . 121
IDith . . l18 IDakaut Dallālf . . . . . . 12l
IDahā . . . l l8 IDakhal . . Dallalfparadesf . .
IDithāt . . . l18 IDakhalā . Dallar _ . . 12I
IDithā . . . l l8 IDakhalāpalli . IDitlu6ः . . . 12I
IDitha . . l l8 IDakhalnāma . IDaluva . . 121
IDahā . . . . l। 18 IDākhil IDalw6।। . 121
JDahfibulān . . l l8 IDakhfl IDalwārf . . 120
Daha karana . . 118 IDitkhilā _ 121
Dām
Dalia karmma . 118 IDākhilāibitam 574
Dithakpatti . . . l18 IDitkhildaftar IDām . . 121
Daha kriyā . 118 IDākhili _ Dāmād • . 12I
JDahal . . . 118 Dakhilimau7a IDamāf . 121
IDahan . . 118 IDākhilinakla Dāmangfr . . 12I
IDahand . . l l8 IDakhilkār . IDamar . . I2l
IDahar . . 118 Dakhilkhārij. IDamāsāhf
IDahf6 . . . I 18 IDakhilla . . : 57ं IDftmāsāf . . 121
IDahia . . 118 Dakhil-mukharij IDāmāshāf . . . . 12I
Dahlān _____ . . 118 IDākhilnāma IDitmcha . . l2l
IDahliZ-khandalnā . 119 IDakhin IDamdatt . . • . 574
Dahmardā . . 118 IDakhin6।। Ditmdupat . . . . l2l
IDithna . 120 IDakhlā Dami . . . 121
Dahnā . . 120 IDakhlee . Damiat . . 121
IDahnfmf . 118 IDakinf IDamfat . . l2l
IDahotarā . . . 118 IDakkan IDami-bigha . l21
IDahotara . . . I 18 IDaklee . IDami-wāsilāt
IDithotr6. . . . I 18 IDākochā. IDamkā . . 121
IDahr . . . 119 Dakoit . IDam-madār . . . 12l
IDahrf . . . 119 IDākotā . IDammar . 12l
Dahsftla . . . l18 IDakshina IDammidhi . 122
IDahsāni .
IDahwarā
IDahyek
ID6f .
IDai
IDāib6 .

IDaijit
.

Ditierah .
ID:tij
Ditfmi . . . . .
IDitim-ul-hab5 . . .
IDāfn . . . .
IDftin .
IDāin . .
IOftin . . .
IDāindār .
Dainmahr . . .
624
. .

. . .
. .
. .

. .
.

. .

. .

. .

. .
.
. .
.
. .
.
.

.
118
130
l l8
119
119
119
675
119
119
119
119
I l9
119
119
119
119
571
Dakshināchārf
Dakshināyana .
IOftku
IDal .
IDal
IDal
IDal
IDal
IDitl .
IDal
IDal
ID{tla
IDala .
.

IDaladok .
IDalāf
Ditlāl .
Dalāl
.

.
. _

।
। 6#ं
; ई}
' ं i2i
IDammu .
IDamola
IDampakarru।
Dampati .
Dampatt-tāmbttla
IDamrf .
Damrf
IDamwast
IDitn .
IDana .
Datna
IDana .
Danabandf .
Dānabandf-kanktttt
Danabundy .
IDanada-hatti
IDanadār
_
___

___

_
.

.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
122
574

122
122
122
122
l22
122
122
122
122
122
122
136
122
122
 DAN
Page Page c 0l. line Pago col.
Dānadharma . . 122 IDāngi-gaon . . . 123 IDar-hawāla . . . . 124
Danaga . . 122 IDangorā . 124 IDarhot . . 125
Danagftwf . . I22 Dangureea IDārf . . . 125
Danamār ' ं iं IDangwāra . IDarf . . 125
Danamāvasyaka . 122 IDānk Darifib6di। . . 574
Danapatra . IDanka IDari6-bar fimad . . 126
Danapatradār ं iं IDanmoodie . Dariā-bttrd . . 126
Dānf . . ' ं i22 Danpatr . _
IDari6-shikast . ' ं i26
Dand . . 122 IDanpatr-dār . IDarfba . . 126
IDamd . ' ं i22 Danpatti IDariche . . . . . 574
IDand . . 122 Dansāgar ID6ridr-khednā . . 126
IDānd। ' ं i23 IDitnt . IDar-ijara ' ं i2ं
IDand . . l23 IDitnt IDar-ijitradār . 574
IDanda . 122 IDāntan . IDar-fn-willā ' ं iं
Danda . 122 IDantāoli . IDāri Sunka . 494
IDānd6।। . . l23 ID6nte Dariyāptu . . ' ं iं?
Danda . 123 IDānte . . . . Dariyāphat . . I27
Dandā . 123 IDānt-ghunghnf Dariyaphtf . . 127
Danda _
' ं iं IDfinth . . . IDarjāsti . . 125
IDandā . . . . l23 IDanthal . IDark . . l25
Dandadāsa . . . ' ं iंॐ IDanthl6 . IDark . . . . . 126
Dandagrahama . . 122 Danthf IDarkast-dār . 574
IDanda-kattu। ' ं iं Dantf . _ IDarkhāl . . l26
IDandā-kavila . . 574 Dānt-nikālnā . IDarkhās . ' ं i2ं
Dandā-mendā . . 123 IDānt-tinkā IDarkh6s-karawi। . 126
Daiā-mā्र-takrār _ . . l23 ID6nwfin
IDarkhāst
126
IDandapālaka . . I22 IDānwarf . __
} 574
I22 D6o . Darkhast-i-khārij . 126
Danda-pārushya 404 IDaooter '। 575 IDarma . . . . . l26
Dandāsulu। . 123 Dapāni IDitrmadār . . 125
Dandāwat . I23 Dapha-et IDarmāhā . . 126
IDanda-Zani ' ं iं Daphāte-jamā . Darmāhf . . . 126
Dandf . . I23 Daphāte-kharchu। Dar-mustājar . . I24
Dandf . . . . . . l23 Daphedār IDar-o-bast . . I24
Dandi . . 123 Dapheraphe . IDar-o-bast hākik _ _ _ . . 574
Dāndf ' ं iं IDāpita . Darobastu lekkalu . I25
IDāndf Dāpni IDarodā _
. . 127
Dandi . ं iं IDāppu . Dārogā . . 126
IDāndf . . . . 123 Dāpya . IDarogā . . 126
IDandia . . 123 IDar . Darogagiri . . I26
IDamdibele . 123 ID6r . Darogatana . . I26
IDamdidār . 123 IDar . Ditrogh . ' ं i2ं
IDandfdār . . l23 IDār . Dārogha . . . l26
Dandiga . l22 IDarā Ditroghagf . . l26
IDamdfkāla . . I23 IDarā Darogh-halfi। . 126
ID6ndio . . I23 IDarā ID6rogha-i-adālat . ' ं i2ं
Dandiyā . . l23 IDara . D6rogha-i-adālāt-al-ālia . . 126
IDandtt . I23 IDarad . Dārogha-i-ādālat-diwani . 126
IDandu{tsi . . I23 IDarail . ' ं 67a IDārogha-i-ar? mukarrar . . 126
Danduga . 122 IDarak . IDarpattani .
IDamdwāra . . . l23 IDarak . Dar-pattani-dār . : i25
Dandyā . . l23 IDarakdār . IDarpattani-tāluk . ' ं i25
IDang . . 123 IDarakhāsa . IDarra . . . . . 126
IDāng ' .' ं iं Darakpatti IDarsa ' ं iंीं
IDang . . l23 IDar-6mad IDarsam _ . 127
IDāng . I24 IDaranamu। Darsana . . . ' ं iं#
124 IDarbandf IDarsapaurnamāsa . . I27
IDāngā . } 574 IDarbandf . Darsana-pratibhtt . 127
IDangā . . l24 IDarb6r _ Darsar . _ . . I27
IDangā . . . l24 Darbar charaniyā IDarsayāga . . 127
IDangar . IDarbār kharch . IDarshikamf . . . 574
ID6ngar . ं iं IDarbast . _ ID6ru . ___ . I27
IDangara . 124 IDarbast-i-aima . ID6rukalālf . . . 127
Dangast . IDarchadāvu। ID6r-ul harb . 125
IDāngf . ' ं iं IDarekuree Dar-ul-insha . . . 125
Dāngf . . I24 IDares IDār-ul khilāfat . 125
IDangf . 124 Dargāh ं i52 IDār-ul-7arb . 125
 IDAS DEN
Page eol. Page eol

Dar-us-shafa . A l25 Dast-lāf . . 129 Dawit .

Ditru-sisā _ . 127।। Dast-muZd . . 129 IDatw6. 2
Dār-us-sultanat . IDastram . 129 Diwidaf _

IDaruvu . IDastubākf . . 128 DaWimbind-o-bast _ _ _ __

_१

Darvesh IDastttr . . 129 IDitwan . . .

Darwadā IDastttr . 129 IDftwan .
IDarwesh . Dastttrftt _ . 129 IDawarft
Daryfift . IDastttrf . . . 129 ID6wat
DarZf . . . . IDastttr-i-ka7f . 129 ID6wen
Das . . . . Dastttr-i-khandān . . 575 IDawf . .
Das . _ IDastttr-khttd . . 129 Dawfdār .
IDasa . Dastttr-parad6st . 129 IDawighalat
IDitsa . Dasttir-ul-amal . 129 Dawfhins .
IDasa . Dat . . 129 IDawk .
Ditsa . . . . Dittan . 129 Dawk .
Dasabandam . Datpatra . . . 129 IDitya .
Dasabhāgam Datta . . 129 Daya . . .
Dasabhandamu Dattā . . . 129 Dayabhfiga .
IDasftha IDatta . 129 Dāyāda _

IDasaharā IDattaka . . 129 Dāyadopāgata .

Dasamf 2 Dattātmā . 129 Dayajf
Ditsanu . IDattahomam . 129 Dāyak _

IDasarf IDattāpradftnikam . 129 Dayavibhāga

Dasarf IDattola .. . 129 IDe . . .
IDasatrā Deake .
Dasayya.
IDasehra
| Dattrima
Datuā . .
IDauhitra .
. .
.

.
129
129
149
Dearah .
IDeb
IDaserru। Dauhitrf . . . . I49 Deb .
Dasharit. . . . 129 IDebater
JDashar6-bakra . IDaul . _ { 575 IDebdfhf .
IDasharā-kharch . | IDaul . . . 129 Debhi-asāmi .
Dasllarā-jhanda-pattt _
| IDaul . ____ . l30 Debhiraiyat .
Dasharft pattf . IDaula . . . . . . . . l30 IDebattar . .
IDitsf . ' ं i28 IDaul-band-0-bast . . . 129 IDebsebit
Ditsfputra IDaul-darsanf . . 575 . IDecoit . .
IDatsfra IDaul-iZāfat . . 130 IDeechhit .
IDāskhat IDaul-jama . . 130 IDeedotra .
IDasnāmf IDaul-khaZitna . . 130 IDeegwar
IDasotara . IDaul-kistbandf . . l30 IDeeh
IDasotra . _ IDaul-nāma . . l30 Deeh
Dasrftt-panchrftt IPaul-patta . l30 IDeehā .
Dassa IDaul-patra . . . . . l30 IDeehara .
IDas-sftla . IDaul-tashkhts-i-band-o-bast I30 Deehwal .
IDastifinft IDaulu . . . . . . . . l29 Deepoulee .
Dast-aiwaj yftdf . ' IDaul-wftsil-bākf . . 130 IDeesha
IDastak . Daum . . . l2l Deewan .
IDastakftna IDaun . l35 IDeewfir .
IDastak-i-talb-i-Zar _ _ _ Daundi। . . 130 Degreejari
IDastfin IDaur . . l30 IDegwar .
IDastāveju। IDaur . . . l30 Deh . . . .
Dastftwej . IDaurā . l30 IDehabundee .
IDast6weZ IDatir6. . . l30 IDehāt .
DistāyāZ--iiibba _ _ _ IDaura . 575 IDehātf .
DastftweZ-i-hissa . Daurāpa . . . l30 IDehbandf .
IDast-ba-dast . IDaurf . l30 IDeh-curch .
IDast-bakf . IDaurf . . . l30 IDehrf .
IDast-bandhak IDaurf . l30 Dehwal .
IDast-bardārf IDaurf . . . l30 IDej . .
IDast-farosh IDauri-gosftwf . . l30 IDeja .
Dast-garda . IDavasa . . l30 IDejit .
IDavasdavanu . . l30 IDeju .
Dast-gardan IDavuldār . . l30 IDel
IDastf . . . IDavulu . . 129 IDel6 .
IDasttbftd . _ ' ं i28 IDavuludār . . l30 IDellol
Dastjama-kharch IDavulu-huttuvali . . . l30 IDenft .
IDast-kardan-i-daftar . _
IDāvulu-jamabandf . 130 IDenādār .
IDastkhat . _ '. ं i2j IDavulu-patti . l30 Denfipftnā .
626
 IDEN DES DHA
eol Page e oI_

IDenda Des-kulkarani-varttana . . 132 IDewhārft .

Dendār . IDesmook . __ . . l32 ID6wf .
IDendo Desmookh . . 132 Devottara.
IDendu। IDesmukh . . . l32 IDevotthāna .
IDene' . Desmukhf . . l32 Devotthāpana
IDenedār . Desnikālāt . . 132 Dewa . . . . .
Denegheme Despāmde . 132 IDewal .
Denekarf Despandeah . . . l32 Dewan .
IDen-hākimf . Despāndyā . . . 1:B2 Dewani।
Den-lem . Despondeah . . . l32 Dewanny
Denmahr . Despondee . . l32 Dewitter .
IDenmeher . Dessye . . l32 Dewutter
Denmeher mouijul . Destyāg . . l33 Dewry _

IDempa . IDeswfil . . . l33 Dewul-purcha

IDenpo . . IDeswālā . . . l33 Deyit .
IDenpti . IDeswalf . . . l33 Deyut
Deo IDeswār . . l33 IDeyhat
IDeo . IDeil . . l33 IDeynmohur .
IDeola IDeula . 133 IDhāb
IDeolink Deula-karan . . l33 IDhabbu .
IDeorhā IDev . . l3{B IDhabdhabf
IDeva . . l3{B IDhād .
IDeorhf { Devadāna 133 IDhādā .
IDeorh1-dār . Devadarsana . . l38 IDhādā
IDeostān IDevadāsf Dhadā .
Deotar . Devadāya . . l33 i)ँ . . . . . . .
IDeotara IDevadāyamu . . l33 IDhaddi।
Deotthār IDevadewhārft . l33 Dhāgā .
IDeothāpan IDevadharma . l33 IDhagal
IDeowuttur . Devādigftr . . l33 Dhags6 . .
IDerā IDevadow . l33 IDhāhima .
IDerh . . Devadoyen . . l33 Dhaigiyft
IDerh-pāo . . IDevadyen . . l33 IDhair .
IDerh-pawft . IDevaka . . l33 Dhajit .
IDerf . Devakagondala . l33 IDhak .
Des . IDewal . . . l33 IDhāk
IDe5a IDevala . . l33 IDhāk .
IDesftchār IDevala . . l33 IDhākft .
IDesādhikār . IDevala . . 575 IDhākara .
IDesadhikārf Devalan . . . l33 IDhākatakhfts .
[?ंāhitāti . . Devitladivya . l33 IDhfikatāpana
IDesādhipatyam Devalaprajft . . l33 IDhākatikhats
Desfte . . Devitlaya . l33 IDhākhā .
IDesa-hftsilu। Devālaya-divya . l33 IDhākhf . .
IDesāf . IDevaleeo IDhakhilla .
IDesātt IDevalf . Dhakhtepuma
Des61-giri Devamāttruka . IDhaktfkhās
Desalekhaka IDevamāttrika Dhakutit pana .
IDesamukhyasthan . Devāng IDhal .
IDesānt . Devānga . IDhāla .
IDesāntar . Devangada . IDhalāit .
Desapramāni . Devftrftyavatta . IDhalāl
Desasth IDevaset .
IDesastha IDevasev6 .
IDhātlbol .
DhalkaZamin
{
IDesawali . IDevaskf .
Des6war IDevasom . IDhalphor
IDesātwari IDevasthala . IDhalwan .
Des-chaughala •. IDevasthāna . IDhamān
IDesh . Devasthānapudi watta . IDhāmf
Des-hāsil Devasthapana IDhāmiftn .
IDeshasth . IDevaswa Dhamkāf
IDes-hetft IDevat6।। IDhamkāib6 .
IDeshmookh . Devātara IDhāmoni-ki manj
Desf . IDevatāvuttāra IDhatmrf .
Desiya IDevathike . IDhamukft
IDes-kāvali Devatotthftpana . IDhān
Des-kulkarani . IDevatr6 . IDhan
627
 DHA IDHA IDHI
Page line col. line Page line eol.
IDhāna . l35 16 IDharakhāt 138 44
IDharta
IDhftna . . l3b IDharal6 . 575
। 28
IDhāna

IDhāna handi
}
. 135
136
575
IDharam .
IDhāram . .
IDharan . . . .
IDharti

IDharttāt .
; 138
575
. l36
8

IDhanak . . 135 Dhārā-pramitn . IDharwati . . . 138

IDhānbandf . . l35 IDharat IDhasām . . 138
IDhandero . . l36 IDharauki . IDhasān . . . 138
IDhandhoee . . . l35 IDhar6unft . IDhasāni . . 138
IDhandhot . 136 IDharftwat . IDhasfio . . 138
IDhandhof . . . l35 IDharftwatu . IDhāttā _ . . 138
IDhandhorā . l35 IDharband . IDhātkar . . . 138
IDhandhoria . . . l35 IDhārbatchh IDhatttrā . . l38
IDhanga . . l3b Dharbigār . IDhaul . . 138
IDhangar . . . l3b IDharchedāvu। IDhaul . . . l38
IDhangar . . . . 135 IDhardho . . IDhaulāni . . . 138
Dhangaria . . 575 IDhātr-dhttra . IDhaur . 138
Dhangar-māg . . l36 IDhāre . . . IDhaurf . . 138
Dhangar-māniyam . 136 IDhārebandf . IDhavā . l38
Dhangf . . 136 IDhāre ehsān . Dhāwar . . 138
__।
IDhanhā . . l35 IDhāre-ehsānf IDhe . . 138
IDhānf . . . l35 IDhāre karf . IDhed . . . l39
IDhanf . 135 Dhare-māp Dhedāt . 139
IDhanijog . . . l36 IDharf . IDhee . . . l39
IDhanik . . l35 IDharf . IDheehā . . 139
IDhankar . . 13b IDharfchā . IDhekli . . . 138
IDhānkāti . l35 Dharingft . IDhekuri . 575
IDhānmadi . . l3b IDharm IDhelā . . . 138
IDhantera . l36 IDharma . . . IDheli . 139
Dhanteras . . l35 Dharmādhikār IDhem . . . 138
IDhanthia . . . l3:) IDharmādhikarana . IDhenkft . . 138
IDhanu। . l36 IDharmādhikārf IDhenkayā . . 138
IDhanu . . . 575 IDharmadāna . IDhenkf . . 138
IDhānuk . . 136 IDharmadāo IDhenkli . . l38
Dhamuk . . 136 Dharma-dās . IDhemp _
. 139
IDhanur-vidyft . . 136 Dharma-dāyam . IDhemp-pāhani . . 139
IDhanursāstram . 1:B6 Dharma-kartta . IDheprf . . 139
IDhanus . . l36 IDharma-kārya . IDheokal . . . 138
IDhanush। . 136 Dharma-khātep IDhep . . 139
IDhanu-veda . . . l:B6 IDharma-patnf IDhepā . . . 139
IDhānwaiya . . l35 Dharma-patra . IDhepālf . . 139
IDhanya . . l36 Dharma-pof . IDher . . 139
IDhanyādayam . 136 Dharma-powai IDher . . 139
IDhanyadulu। . 136 IDharma-putra . IDher . . 139
IDhfinyasāramu . . . 136 IDharmārth . . IDherā . . . 139
Dhanyavarddhanam . _
. l36 IDharmasabhā . IDherh . 139
Dhānyavriddhi . . . 136 Dharmasfil6 . _ IDherf . . 139
Dhāp . _
. 136 IDharmasfidhana . IDheri . . 139
IDhapia . . l36 IDharmāsanam IDheridār . . . 139
IDhār . . l36 Dharmasftstra . IDherwftro . . 139
IDhār . . . l36 IDharmātar IDhf . . . 139
IDhār . . l36 IDharmāvatār . IDhf . 139
IDhār . . . l36 IDharm-bitp . IDhfaurf . . 139
IDhār . . 136 IDharm-dāts . IDhfh . . 139
IDhār . . . l36 IDharmma IDhfh:ः . . . 139
IDhār . . . l34 IDharm-mā . IDhtkadi . 139
IDhārā . . . l34 IDharmmakflam IDhilka . . . 139
IDhār:ः . . l36 IDharmopādhyāya Dhima . 139
IDhārā . . . 136 Dharmopādhyāyika . IDhimar . 139
IDharā . l36 IDharmottar _ IDhimatu। . I39
IDhārā . . . l36 IDharm-patra IDhingā . . 139
IDharā . . . l37 Dharm-pitā Dhingār . . 139
IDhara . . 575 IDharm-sftlā . IDhinkā . ' ं iं
IDhārā . . . . . . 675 IDharmā . IDhinkhar . 139
IDhārft-chadao . . l36 IDharne IDhirhor . ' ं iं)
IDharai . . . 137 Dharohar IDhfrnā . 139
IDhftrftkari . _ . 136 Dharohar . IDhfsfta . ' ं iं)
628
 DHU IDIW
IDHO
Page col. line Page c‘O1. IPage
IDhoftt . . 139 26 IDhul . . . . l40 IDihdatr . . l42
Dhoba . 676 13 . l40 IDih-dārf . . . . 142
IDhttlbaph
Dhobf . . . . . . 139 28 IDihdār kharch . . . l-12
Dhtilidhoya .
IDhobf-hardf . . 139 34 IDihf . . . . . 140
IDhuligutta
. . 139 37 . Dihi . . . l42
IDhof . IDhundf
IDhoka . 139 IDhumia . IDihf . . 142

IDhoka . . . . l:B9 IDhunkā . IDihi . . . . . l42

Dhokar . . 140 Dhunrā . IDihibandi . . 142
IDhokhft
IDholāf
IDholān
IDholia
Dhon .
IDhonchā
IDhondā .
IDhonditl .
IDhondh
IDhondf .
IDhonki
Dhova
IDhooh
Dhooha .
IDhooklee .
.

.
.

.
.
.
.
.
. . 575

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
140
140
l40
l40

140
l40
140
140
140
l40
140
140
l40
140
IDhttpa
IDhttr .
IDhura .
IDhuriya . .
IDhttrkat .
IDhttrkf .
IDhurphoryā . .
Dhtts .

IDhw{trf
Dhyān
IOf .
IDfi।
IDiadee
IDiadi .
.
.

___

_
। Dihjama .
IDihjhāda
Dihkāsht .
IDihkharch .
Dihpa .
IDihpit
Dihtt .
IDihttla .
IDihwal
IDihwarf muntakhab
IDikāri .
IDikhit
IDikhit .
IDikri . .
IDikridār .
।
. .

. .

. .

. .

• .
. .

. .

. .
.

.
.

.
142
142
l42
142
l42
142
l42
l42
142
576
676
l42
l42
l42
l42
IDhoondee . 140 Diadur IDikshā . . l42
IDhoor . . . . l40 IDfārā IDikshit . . l4l
IDhoora . . 140 IDiban . . IDil . 142
Dhoos . . . l40 IDibandi . IDimmat . . l42
. l40 Dibba . . Dimmat-dātr . l42
Dhopā
IDhor . . l40 IDibbabhtimf Dimraut . . . l42
IDibbi . IDin . . l42
IDhora . l40
IDhorwero . l40 IDibf . . IDin . . . l43
. l40 IDfn . . l43
IDhotar IDibiyā.
IDhotar . . 675 IDina . . . . l42
IDibya ____ _

Dinaktili
Dhruva . _ . 140 IDichhit . . . . , . l42
Dhruvakavulu . l43
. . l40 IDid . . . . . . IDinār .
l40 Didāh-wa-ditnista . 576
Dhruvapairu।
Didār . . . . IDinathik . . . l42
IDhubboo . l34 IDidār-kharch . IDinfttf . 142
. l34 IOfndar . . l43
IDhudda . Didh . . . .
IDindayāl . l4:B
IDhuddee IDidhfk:tdhi
IDidhishu। Dinemohur . . 574
Dhuja . . l43
IDhuk . IDidhishtt . IDingā
IDhun . . . IDidhishu IDingf . . . l43
Didhotara IDip . l43
Dhundhoee .
Dipa . . . l43
IDhundhora IDig . . .
IDipālf . l43
IDhungra IDigambara
Dipam . . I-1{B
IDhungur . Digar-rakm
IDhunha . Diggy IDipamālā . . l43
JDipftritdhana . . l48
IDhunia
IDhunkur
IDhuntea .
IDhupea .
IDhur .
IDhura
IDhuree
IDhurm .
IDhurmadow .
Dhuroukee . .
IDhurum .
Dhusan .

IDhuā .
IDhuansa
IDhuh .
IDhuhā
IDhtthā
IDhukli ___

629
. .

' ं iं
. 137

.
.
. .
.
. .
.
140
140
l40
140
140
140
।
।
IDigh .
Dighf .
Dighf
IDigf
Digri .
Digrijari .
Digumatt
Digwitr
IDih
IDih
IDih
IDih
IOfhā .
IDihātt .
IDihātf

Dihāt1-jama
Dih-bandf
Dihda
.
.

IDihatf-istamrftr .
__
' ं iii
. . 575
. l4l

' ं iii

. .

• -

. .
. l4l

.
. .
.
l4l
l42
l4l
l4l
l42
l4l
l42
l42
IDipftvālf
IDipavārane .
Dipdan .
IDirā
IDirgast .
IDirham
IDirkf .
IDirm
Disht

Distbunduk
. . .
Dishtbandhak

IDitta I u . . .
IDittbwftn .
Div{tkfrttf
Divān . .
IDivas6-darwarft
___

IDivelftwanf . . . .
Divelāvanichakaul
.
.
. .

. .

. .

. .

. .
.
. .
.

.
.
.

. .
. .
.

.
l43
l43
l43
l-1{B
674
l43
l4I
l43
l48
676
576
l43
143
l43
l44
l48
l45
l46
 DIW IDOH IDUP
Page col 1ine Page col Page ol . line
. l43 IDohar . . 1-46 IDor . . 14? ९
Divige .
IDiviti-inām . . . l43 IDohār . 146 IDorft . . . 14T
Divya . l43 IDohlf 146 IDora . . . . 148
IDiwālā . l44 IDoho . 516 IDoragāru। . . 14S
Diwitlen IDohodiu 146 #;्रं . 1.48
IDiw{tlf . . l43 IDohrit . 146 IDorastu। . . l48
IDiw{tlf . . l44 Dohrf 146 IDoravu . . 148
IDiwalf ___
. l44 IDohoor 146 IDorf . . 1-1T
. l44 IDohur 146 IDoria . l48
Diwaligeichcha .
Diwaliyā.. . . l44 IOoiphoryft 146 IDorift . . . 148
. l44 IDoja . . 576 IDorift . . lā0
Diwalug . . l44 . . 148
IDiwan IDojira . 146 IDoridenf
IDiwan-bo . 576 IDokarā . 147 IDorihātr . 118
IDiwftndene . . . l4b IDokaro . 146 IDoriwālā . 148
IDiwāndhārā . l45 IDokatthf 576 IDorus . 148
IDiw{tnf . . l45 IDOkhi . 147 IDorwa . . 148
* IDiwfin-i-6alā . . l4b IDo-kul 140 Dos . . l48
Diwitn-i-aftm . l45 IDol . 120 IDOsftd . . l48
IDol 147 IDos:thi . . 148
IDiwftni-adātlat . 145 IDosfti . . . l48
IDol . 147
IDiwān-i-daftar . . . l45 IDolā . 147 IDosari . 148
IDiwatn-i-khfts . . 1.16 IDolftw{t . . 147 IDos{tl . . 148
IDiwan-i-khalsa . . . l4b IDolcha . 147 IDosh . .
IDiwāni sanad - . l4ā) IDolf 147 IDOsha . _ . . 148
IDiwftn-i-tan . . l45 IDoli . _ 149 IDoshamba . . 1-18
. l4ं) Doljittr1 . 147 IDoshf . . . l48
IDiwfinjuZ
IDiwftn-khftna . . l45 IDom . 147 Dosili। . 148
IDiwankhāsjf _
. l45 IDomat . 147 IDosiwanio . . 1-18
IDiwftn kul IDomba . 147 IDoss . . . 128
IDiwfin-pattt . l45 Dombar 147 IDOsuree . . 118
IDiwftnu . . l4b IDombftra 147 IDoul . 120
IDiw{tr .
IDiyat
IDiyat mughalaZa .
_______
. .
. .
. .
l4ं)
l4े
l45
IDombarf . .
IDombar-lingada-vfra-kānikf l47
IDommara
. . . . l47

147
IDowle .
Dowra .
IDragoman
. .

. .
.
129
130
1-18
।
IDo - - - - - . 145 IDommarf 147 IDramma . 148
IDo-ab . . . l45 IDomnf 147 Drfivida . . . l48
IDoansa . . l45 IDomrā 147 Drftwira . . 148
IDoar . . 576 IDomtikār . 147 IDravya . . . . . 148
. l46 IDomut 147 IDridhabodha . . 1-18
IDoba
. . l40 IDon . 1.17 IDrisht . . 14S
IDob:t .
. l.16 IDon . 576 IDrishta . . 148
IDobā-jamf .
. . 146 IDondi . 160 IDrishtatdhi . . 148
IDobitjamin
IDob: mār . l46 IDone 147 IDrishta bindiak _ _ _ _ . 148
IDobatn . . . 1-10 IDonga 147 IDrishtānta . . 1-19
IDob{tra . . 140 IDongā 147 IDrishttdosha . 14S
IDobhal . . 570 IDongar 147 IDrona . . . 1.19
IDobhāshi . 149 IDongare 0 . . ] 47 IDroni . 1.49
IDobf . . 140 IDongarkolf . . 1.17 IDroog . . . lā0
IDobiswf . . 1.16 IDongrarwat 147 IDroom . 576
IDobu . IDongi 147 IDrupayir . . . 570
IDocha IDonf . 147
. 670 IDonk:t 147 IDub . . . 110
IDocutty
IDoddadore . IDonw:ir 147 IDubea . l 16
IDoddappa . IDony . 1.17 IDubbee .
IDoddfttande . IDoo . 1-15 IDubber . . l 16
IDoddf . l)00b 149 IDubeer . . l l0
IDoenbee . IDool dursanee 57:) IDubehrft . I l0
IDo fardi IDoolundy . 149 IDubehree . . l 16
IDofaslā IDoomalla 1:)0 IDubkā . 116
IDofaslf .
IDogar .
IDogga
Doh .
IDohfti . . . . .
.

IDohiti-tihfti-karnft .
IDohali
IDolifto .
. .

___

630
.

. 140
IDoomut .
IDoon .
IDoorgr
IDopāttāt
Dopattah।
IDophali
IDor .
IDor
. . 1-17
. 160
160
147
147
147
. 1.17
. 147
IDubra .
IDubree .
IDuch . .
IDuclineh
IDudah .
IDudh .
IDudree
IDuffadar
. .

. .
. .
.

. .

. .
.

.
ll0
116
l l6
120
67.!
117
1] 7
] 17 ।
 IDUE' DUR। DWA
Page col line Pagre c ol Pagre col.
Duftur . 117 IDurk . . l2:) IDuhotra . . 149
IDufturee . . .117 IDurmaha . ।। 26 IDuhottara . . 1-19
IDugha .118 IDurmasanom 575 IDuk{tl . 149
Dugra . .118 Durra 126 IDukān-pattt . . 149
IDugur . .I 18 IDurrah। 126 IDukki _

IDuh . . . 118 IDurta 575 IDukkipolamu।

IDuha . . I 18 IDuruk . . . 125 IDukrā
IDuhia . . . 118 Durya boord 127 Dulandi
IDuhlan . . I 18 IDuryashikust 126 IDulhāः
Duhmurda . . 118 IDurZee . 127 IDulhan
Duhneemee . 118 IDus . ___ 127 IDulhin .
IDuhotura __ . 118 IDusabundum . . 674 IDulf
Duhr . . . . . 119 IDusrah . . . . . 127।। IDuliyā
IDuhree . . 119 IDushtbunduck . 57b IDullakottuta .
IDuhsunee . 118 IDussarat . . 127 IOttmā
IDuhul . 118 IDusserat 127 IDumālā . _

IDuhun . . . . I 18 IDussora 127।। IDumftlft.jhārā .

Duhund . . . . 118 IDust . 128 Dumalf gaon .
Duhur . . . 118 Dustavees . 676 IDumbālā
Dukhilee . . . 120 IDustaweZ 128 IDumbftlāderon .
Dukhin . . 120 IDustiwuj . . . . . 575 IDumbalāmanyam
IDukhul . . 119 IDustkerdon dufter 128 ID(tn . . . .
IDukl kār . 574 IDustoor 120 IDunā .
IDukout . . 120 Dustoor . _ 129 IDunbf .
Dul . . 120 IDustoor ul umul 129 IDundā .
Dul . . . . 120 IDustuck . 128 IDundf . . .
IDul . . 120 IDustuk 128 IDundubhf .
IDul . . . 674 IDutt . . 129 IDundubhi-hechchi ge .
IDulaee . 120 IDutta . __ . 129 IDungः . _

IDulbera . . 674 IDungali .

IDuldul . . . 121 IDu . . . l45 Dungftnf
IDuldulee . . 12l ID 1-ftb . . . . l46 Dungar
IDulkur . . I21 ID(tb . _ . 149 IDunr .
IDullal . . . 12l IDttbatchar . . 149 Dunri . .
Dullur . . 12l IOtib:tt . 1.19 Dupikf . . 160
Dumaee . . 12l IDubara . . . 1-16 IDunihf . 160
IDumka . . 12I IOttbatrā . . 140 IDurahjar
IDummudar . . . 12l IDubaro . . . l49 IDurāti .
IDumree . . 122 IDub:tru . . l49 IDurakānf
IDumwust . . . I22 IDubftsf . . . l49 Drtrbā . . .
IDund . . 122 IDub:tshf . 1.19 IDurbhikk:ः . .
IDunda . . . 122 Dube . . . l 16 IDurbhikshā .
IDunda . I23 Duberjt . . 149 IDurg
Dunda . . . I23 IDuberjijama . 149 IDurga .
IDundee . . 12:B Duberji kharch . . l-19 IDurgā
IDung . 123 IDribh{tlis . *. . l49 Durgft mavamf . . l60
IDungalie . . . 676 IDitbmahātl . . . 149 Durgft pttja .
IDungally . 676 Dubrāj . . 149 Durg-bansf. .
Dungur . . 12-1 IDribsi . l40 IDurgotsava .
Dungust . . l24 IDubsi . . . 149 IDurift . : iं)
IDungwara . . 12-1 IDuddu . . . 1-19 IDurmati।
IDunthla . . 121 IDud6 . ___ . . l49 IDurmakha
IDunthul . . . 12-1 IDrid6kulavādu . . l49 IDurvā
IDunu। . 122 IDridhā . ___ . 149 Durvāshtamf
IDur . . . l24 IDudhwatf . 149 IDusai
IDur . l26 IDudi . . l49 IDusiga
IDur . . l2ं) IDugalamu . . 576 IDusota
IDurā . I26 IDugar . . . 149 IDuta
IDura . . 120 IDttgara . . 1.19 IDwfidasa _

Duramud। . l24 Dugdha . . 149 Dwfidasādhika .

IDurbar
IDurbundee .
IDurbust
. . l25
. l26
. . l24
IDuggftni
IDrigla .
IDugulamu .
.
.
.
.
149
149
576
Dwfidasfthika .
IDwftdasi .
IDwathf . 160
;1_
2
. I25 IDuhatf . . . l 16 IDwaita . . l 5l
IDurgah .
IDurgast . . 574 IDuhf . . 149 IDwftpara-yuga . 151
. 127 IDuhitri . 149 Dwar . . 676
Durjee ___

631
 DWA EK FAK
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IDwftr devatā . . 16l Ek-b6-digarf Bndiram . lā3

IDwija . . . l6l Ekbail . . 152 Engili . . . lb3
IDwijitti . _
. 161 Ekbal Enjulu . . 163
Dwipa . . . . . . . l6l ` Ekbaldawee . Ennam . l53 2_
IDwipadi vyavahāra . . lāyl Ekbarda . Ennāri . 2;
. . l5l
IDwipādyam .
IDwyāmushayana .
IDyokāran . . .
Dy tita . . . .
Dyuta pratipad .
Dytitapttrnimā

Eahtimadār
F9ahtimam
Bahtimambundy . .
____
E
.
.
.
.
.
.

. 214
. . 2l4
. . 214
151
lāl
151
lāyl
151 । Ekberjf
Ekberjidaphtar
Ekchetiyā . . . .
Ekchetiya byabasay
Ekchhāyāsrita
Ekdhātn .
Ekdarrā .
Ekdarrºt kāpattā . .
Eke-ane pattā
Ekeri kārktin .
Ekfardf . .
___

: iं
FInthā .
nukā . .
nukft muri
r
Erai।
Eraivari .
Brftmātf .
rfinar .
ranmai .
Erāpher . .
Erāpheri .
Eahtimamdar Ekfaslf. . Frawu।
A।
Eahtimān . 214 Ekhālā T1 ___
Bbahnama . . 579 Ekjāi . Bri . .
Echchil . . . l53 Ekjiti-jarib Eria
Edagai . . . . l5 l Fkkan Brikarai .
Eंihisib-Vari • - - . 152 kkaru . . ं iँ Brikridai .
Pdagaikula . . 15l Ekoddishta . rimerai
Edaruchftu। . 152 Ekottara . . ripachal .
Edawam . . 576 Ekpachcha . fºrkāl
Eddagai . . 15I Ekpadia . Brpādu
Eddangali . 576 Ekphaslā Brrayatnama .
Eddangalli . Ekrft . rsāmān .
Eddavam . Ekrahoum . Fru .
Eddu . FCkrakm . ru।
Edduvādu Ekrojo Erugeru .
Edikola . . . Eksftla _
Erukalavftdu।
Edirwalakkan FOkshamba . Fruku।
Edit . Ektarfa Brupitlu .
Pduru-chftu . *iiifmukiddania. _ _ ___
fºruvaka
Edurunudi . fºkn Ervu।
Eed . Ekum . Eshamān
Bed Ekunbeshi Flskar .
FCedee Flkunjamā . tamu।
Fedigu। Ekunjamin . tāmu . . . .
Bejab Ekunkami . Btāmu bokkena .
Pench . Ekw{tl FCtmaum . _

gfini . . Elakeh . Etmaum bundy

Pgumati . _____ Elakola . l63 Etmaum cutcheri .
Pgumati-digumati . ' ं iं Plam . . . . . . Etmaumdātr
Pid . . . . . . Blangal-totakal . . Ettappuvāram .
PGidein Ple . . . . . . ' ं iं Ettu .
Ejar Ple . . Ettuvali .
Ejara . . Elebale . Etukonamuparra .
Ejarahdar . Elegr:tr Etwar .
Ekabogam #"_ Ewaj .
Ekabhogam Ellai . EZafa .
Ekachhāyā Ellaikal EZafut
Ekfidasf . Pllaitakrftr EZaput
Ekfidasivrata Pllaivyājyam .
Ekftha Pllaak _

Ekajftta Ellarāti . . 153 Fital . . l54

Ekajiti _ Ell6 . . . l53 Faida . . . l54
Ekatmati-ekājatf . Ellekattu। . . l53 Faisal . 154
Ekanhatth . . Blu . . . . lā3 Faisala . l54
Plkapikf . . Emaum . _ . 216 Faisal:tti
Pkaputra . Bmaumbarry . . 217 Faisalnftma . . . l54
Ekariba . . Enfttimāmttl . l53 . . 576
Faisalnama 5ftlisi
Ekftrnab . FInam . . . 217 Faisal-tirwai . . l54
Plkatra . Enaum . . . 217 Fak-ar-rahn . 154
Ekbachhi . . . Endh . . . l 53 Fakhar-ul-tujar . . lāyā)
632
 FAK FAR GAB
Page line Pagre Page eol line
Fakfr . 166 Far7am . . 157 Fihrist-1-dihātt . 159
Fakirftn 165 FarZan . 157 Fi-kasi . ' ं iāj
Fakfrftna 155 FarZand . Fikh
Fakfrf . 155 Far7an-o-raddan ं i5ां Fil .
Fakt . 155 Far7f . . 157 Ffl . .
Falam . 155 FarZi-mudāi Fil-faur .
Falān . . |l55 FarZi-mukaddama Fil hātl _

Falānah . 155 Far7-kifaiat . Fil hakikat .

FilfZ . 155 FarZ-rakat . Fil-jumla .
Faltts . 155 Fasftd . Fil-khāna .
Fanam 155 F:tsid ' ं i5ीं Fil-shania
Farā ___ 156 Fitsik . Fil Zāmin .
Fara-faujdārf . 159 Faskh Fil Z{tmini। _

FarafZ . 157 Fasl Firagh khuttee

Farārf . 165 Faslatna . ___
Firfirf .
Farāsh . . 160 Fasl-bhadonwi . Firftsh।
Farayādi . 156 Faslchār Fird
Farāsh khana . . 160 Fasli ___
Firman .
FarāZf . . . l5b Fasl-i-rabii . Firmand .
**
Fard . _ } # Fasl-i.kharff Fisk .
Fasl-i-khureef. ' ं iāi Fitr
Fard-i-hakfkat . . . lbb Fasli-raiyat . Fitrat
Fard-i-ksāht . lp6 Fitttr
Fard-i-5aw{tl . 166 Fasl-jastf Fitttrf
Fard-i-tafrflk
Fard-i-tashkhfs .
_ 156
156
Fasl-nāma
Fasl-kami .
{ Fluce .
Foras
Fard-patttdātri . 576 Fassily Fotadār
Fareb . 150 Fatātwa . .' ं i58 Fotadātrf
Far farmas . 150 Fateeah Fotah .
Farghuttee 576 Fateheh . Fotakhāna .
Fariād 100 Fatiha. __
Fouj _

Fariftdf 166 Fatiha bistam . . Fournaydyem .

Pariftd-ras 166 FatihabuZurgwftr . Fournydiam .
Farfb _ 160 Fittiha chahāram Fawtee .
Fitrigh . . . 166 Fatiha sahmak . Fudeer
Fitrigh-khatti . . 1:)5 Fattaha . Fudt .
Fitrigh-khuttee __ 166 Fatwa . Furd . ं i55
Fitrigh-khatāna . 166 Pauj . 31 Furmaish
Parfk . - . . 166 Faujd{tr Furfurmanesh
Farikain . 156 Faujditrfin . Furman .
Farikawal 156 Faujd{trf . . . Furokht
Farikdtiyam 1:)(G Paujdārf abwftb Furyad .
Farikhut . 166 Paujdārf adalat . Furyadee .
Farfksāni 166 Fauj-jaigfr . Fusl .
ParfZātt 167 Paujsaranjam . 12 Fuslee .
Faringati . 576 Faujsehbandi . . Fusly . . . l58
Farjf . . . 157 Faujsihbandf Fussul
Fitrkhati: 156 Pautf Fusulnftma .
Farkuttee . ३10 Fautffiurārf Fusuli-rubbee

Farmāish } }} Fautinftma .
Fautiyftsāmi-batki .
_ FuZZlejaste
Furmadayam
Farmātn . __ 166 Fa?fh Fursat
Parmān bardār . 166 FaZfhat Fysalla
Parmān-biaZf . _ 156 *F':tZil . . _ Fysul
Farod . 1:)0 FitZil . . . . Fysula . ं i5ं
Farokht . . 166 FaZil-wasttl
Farokht-khat 160 FaZ (tlf . . .
Farokhtnāma . 166 FaZittlf bia .
Farosh _ 156 Feeal shuneea
Farosh-i-namak . 156 Feloos
Farrftsh 156 Ferd __ Gabar _ . l00 40
Farsang . 157 Feroosh nemuck . Gabāsan . . . l60
Farsh . 166 Fi। Gabbftdu। . 160 44
Farughuttee . 160 Fial-i-shamia Gatbdf . . . l60
Paryādi ___ . 156 Fidiat . Gabh . . 167 19
Paryadiyava - . . 166 Fidwf 160
Gabhitn .
Far# . . . . . lā7 Fihrist } 577
633 #
 GAN
Page TPage
Gabhin . . 160 Gitdi6 . Gairhajir . 172
Gabfd . . . 160 Gadiftnun . Gairhājiri .. . 172
. . 160 Gadfchat . Gairhikharch . . 172
Gabrautā
Gatbtf . __ . . 160 Gadikallu। Gairmarang . . . 173
Gachchhātwat . . 160 Gairpanchaki . . 173
Gadipati .
Gachchu . . 100 Gadisunka . Gair-wākā . . 173
Gadkarf Gaitā . 162
Gachchugftna .
Gftchh . . . . Gadnfs Gaj . . 162
Gadrā . Gaj . 171
Gachhagachhf . .
Gāchhf _
Gaduba . Gitja . 162
Gachhita Gadubu। Gajan . 162
Gād Gadu-hundi Gajar .
Gad . Gaduva Gajgfr . 162
Gaduwu . Gaijar . . . 162
Gad
Gaeen . Gaj-mojanf . . 162
Gftd6.
Gael . Gajuppu . . . 535
Gada .
Gadam . Gākar . l66
Gagara
Gadamu . Gal . . . 163
Gaggare . 163
G{tl6 .
Gadang Gaggart .
Gaidar . Gatlā . . l63
Gfigrit .
Gahāt . Gala . . . l63
Gftdar
Gāhak Galā . . . 163
Gadarift
Gaham Galāmāttf . . l63
Gadariyft . l03
Gadda . Gahan . Galanta .
. . 163
Gadda Gahan . Galāphansa .
. 103
Gaddātd Gahān . Galāydari
Gathan . . . l63
Gaddār . _ Galitydaryā .
Gaddateru inftmu . Galevu . . 163
Gatham
Gahan . . Galt . . l63
Gadde
Gadde . . Gahān-khat Gāli . . 163
Gaddebedalu Galf . . 108
Gahān-patra . . 163
Gahānwat . Gali6..
Gaddegada
Gadde itā-hilli-liana _ I61 Gaharf Galige . . .
.
l63
163
Gaddekattu . Gaharf Gall6 . . . .
Gallākharfdf . . I63
Gaddemadi Gaharwar
. 163
Gaddemu Gathi . Gallfttolapatti .
Gallekarf . . . l63
Gaddenfrukuli Gahinft
. l63
GaddeZamin Gahilot .. Gallepattf .
Gallf . . . l63
Gaddhri . Gahfra.
. 163
Gaddi . Gahlot . Gallinahaga . . l63
Gaddi। Gahnā . Gallu .
Galtans . . 163
Gaddi __ . 577 Gahttm .
Galuā . . . l63
Gaddigftval . Gahttrf .
Gam . . 163
Gaddinashin Gat .
Gitm . . 163
Gftde . . . Gaib . .
Gftm . . l86
Gādebagftr . Gaibatu .
. . 163
Gadgarā . Gaihir . (iiiiaंielekhkhā । ’, ’ . l63
Gadgol . Gaini Gamallavādu .
Gambhfr . . . l63
Gadh . . Gainichali
Gftmchāli . 187
G:tdhan . . Gainichitf
Gameti . . 577
Gadhe-ka-hal Gaini-eduruvali . _____

G{tmnisbatinftmatf . . 187।।
Gadhe-par-charhfinft . Gainigār . . l63
Gadhi . Gainikār . Gamri .
Gftmkar . . 577
Gadhf Gaininairmul .
. . 163
Gadi . Gainishadmal Ganā .
. l03
Gadi . Gair . Gama .
. . l03
Gaira Ganftchār .
Gadi। . l63
} Gairā . Gamftchitrf .
. . l03
Gadf . __

Gairftdā .
Ganadravya . . l08
G{tdi। Ganagoshthf . . l04
Gadi . Ganaka __

Gairftdāsthalamu . 163
Gadf . Gamakumarika
. . 104
Gatdf . . 17I Ganana
Gairftn . 104
Gadi . 577 Gamapati . . l61
G:tdf . Gairah। 172 Ganārādhana 103
.
G:tdf . Gairdast6।। . 172 Gatnaterige . . l04
G:idf . ___
Gairdastf . . 172 Ganauri
03-1
 GAN GAR

Page Page col. line Page eol. line

l64 Ganjff . . . 166 । Gaoshoomaree . . . 169 12

Ganda . } 577 Ganjikhāna . . . 165 Gaotikā . . 167 14
Gankar . . 166 Gaoton . . 167 8
Gand6 .
Ganda . Gankāta . . 166 Gāpan . 167 19
Ganda . Gannā . 166 Gaps6 . . . 167 2I
Gannel . . 166 Gar . 167 22
Gāndfः .
Ganni . 166 Gar . . 172 19
Gand6 .
Ganda . . . Gano . 166 Gar6ः . . 167 23
166 Gāra . . 167 28
Gandagrām .
Gāndadapommu .
Ganot
Ganoti6.
{
. .
577
577
Gāra . . .
Garābād .
.
. .
167
172
30
24
Gandākiy6।।
Gandal . Ganotnāmun _
. I06 Garftbatāi . 167
_
Gandam . Ganotnaog . . l66 Garādā . . 167
Gandapendāra . Ganotio . . 166 Garādf . 167
Gāndar Gantā . . . 173 Garagadamu। . 167
Gandarwfila Ganth . 166 Garagesannanelu . . 167
Gandāsft . Ganthā . 166 Garakanattu . . . . 167
Gandāsf . Ganthā
166 Gāra-katā jarfb . . 167
Ganderf . 577 Gar6o . _ . . 167
Gandha . Ganthf . 106 Garapa . . . 167
Gandha Ganthidār . . l66 Garapabhtimi . . 167
Gandha . . . Ganthijama . 166 Gārapagār . . . 167
Gandhabanik . Ganthtyo . . . 166 Gārapagftrf . . . . 167
Gandhabiroza _ Ganthwāra . . 169 Gārapagftry6 . . 167
Gandharbba Gānti . . . 166 Garārf . . 167
. 166 Garfts . 187
Gandharbba . Gāpti
_
} Gantichhātrā . . . 166 Garāsi . 167
Gandhasarinellu . . 166 Garasi . 577
Ganttjama .
Gandhel . Gantri . . . l66 Garasu . . . 168
Gandhfla Gantu। . 166 Garasf bitwi . . 577
Gandhottama Ganu . . . l00 Garata . . 167
Ganua . 166 Garftw6 . . 167
Gandhu .
Gandi . . . 166 Garbha . . . . 167
Ganuga Garbhādhāna . . 167
Gānw . 166
Gandrtipin .
Ganesa . _
Gānw . . . l85 Garbhagriha . . . 167
Ganesachatttrthf Ganwftr . . 166 Garbhaja . 167
Gangft . Ganwin . . 577 Garbhang . . . 167
Gao . 169 Garbhasthala . . 167
Gangājal Garbhottar . . 577
Gaochuraee . . . 169
Gangājalf . 577
. 169 Garbutter
Gangājalfyā Gaolee ..
Gaton 166 Garce . . 168
Gangāla . GardeZi . . 167
Gangālabh . Gfton . . 166
Gaion . . . 185 Gārdf . . . 167
Gangftnā .
Gangāputra Gaonbat . . 166 Gardf . 167
Gaondewatā . . . 166 Gardora . . 167
Gangā-ram | Gāre . 168
Gangftsāgara . Gatondhe . l66
. . 166 Gārekār . . 168
Gangātir . Gatondhegftom . . 167
. 166 Gareran .
Gangāyamunā Gftonganna .
Gangbarār Gaon-ka goti . . 577 Garg . . 168
Gangbarāmad . Gatonkar . 166 Gargaw6।। . 168
Gaonkār . . . l66 Gargbansf . . l68
Gangodaka
Gangshikast Gaonkari _ . . 577 Garh . . 168
Gangthari . Gaionkharch . . . 166 G{trh . . 577
Ganguttabandi . Gaonkhāta Zamfn . . 577 Garhā . . 168

Ganigār . Gaton-ki-watan . . . 577 Garhai . . 168

Gaonkur . 166 Garhātl _ . 168
Ganige
Ganik6. Gitonkusttp . . . 167 Garhapatya . . . 168
Ganime . Gatonnisbatmirfts . . 577 Garhf . . . . 168
Gaonnemnttk . . 167 Garhiband . . 168
Gapit . Garf . . 168
Ganita Gaionsai . . 167
Ganj Gatonsftrichalan . . 577 G{trf . 168
Gāonsārfdāk . 577 Garf . . 168
Gānja . _

Gftria . . . . 168
. . 167
Ganjitkhor . Gfionsion .
Ganjar . Gaont6 . . 167 Garibftn . . . 168
Gaonthal . . . 167 Garim . . . 168
Ganjawālā .
Ganjeli Gatonthan . 167 Garisa . . 168
Gaiontf . . 167 Garise . . . . 168
Gatnjha .
Gaontift . . 167 Garisi . 168
Ganjf . _____

636
G:trfwān .
Garjabd .
Garjankhola .
Garjantail
Garjatt
Garkabttl
Garkhā
_
GAR
Page
।;ः
__e

Gaun
Gauna .
Gaunamāsa .
Gaunaputra .
Gatumdf .
Gatini .
Gaunji
GAU

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Page
577
170
170
170
170
170
170
e

Genja
Gentoo .
G6nu .
Gerftmātf
Gerania
Geru .
Gerw6 .
. .
.
. .
. 172
' ं i#ं
. 172
' ं iiं
Page

174
172
172
eol

Garmattu Gaur . . 169 G6sta . . 172

Garri . Gaur . . 170 Ghabftr . . 172
Garsi . Gaura . . . 170 Ghabarmāp . . 112
Gartha . Gaurā . 170 Ghabn-i-ffthish . . . 172
Garusu . Gaurfthar . . I 10 Ghādf . . . . 172
Garusunela . Gaur Brfthman . 169 Ghadt . . . 174
Garuvu . Ghādf
Gaur kayath . . . l40 . 175
Garwa . Gauro . 170 . . 172
Gitsa .
Gaur Rājput . 170 . 172
Gasht .
Gaur tagā . . 172
Gashtf _
Gaur thakur . . 172
Gashtmahāl . Gauruii .
Gashtsalāmi Gaushumārf . . 172
Gast Gautamifin . ' ं jiीं . . l76
Gastf Gaut . 175 . 172
Ghaib
Gatta _
Gautam-rājput Ghaibat . 172
Gata-awajf . Gauyarft . Ghaibat-i-munkataa . . 172
Gattabandi Gauyend Ghains . _ . 172
Gatabundee . Gāvada Ghair . . . . . . . . 172
Gatakhāmitr . Gavānkār . Ghair-band-o-bast . . 172
Gateejumma Gavariga . Ghair hātZir .
G{ttew{tr Gawat Ghair hā?irf . 172
Gathā Gavada Ghair jamā . . . 172
Gathaund _
Gavya Ghair kabttl . . 172
Gathbandhan . Gawfth . Ghair khirāj . . . l73
Gathf . ोंindhashmi-didah _ _ 171 Ghair mahdi . . . l73
Gathift Gawāhān samfti Ghair mankttla . . . 173
Gathoni। Gawfthf . Ghair mashrut . 173
Gathrf Gawalf Ghair maurttst . . . l73
Gathwftnsf Gawalw{tdft Ghair maZrtta . . l73
Gatkul
Gawandf . Ghair māZtin: . l73
Gatkttl .
Gatkulf .
Gawandyā . Ghair mumkin . 173
Gawat . Ghair mustabfn . . 178 23
Gattu . Gawatkattaf Ghair sāl . 173
Gattu Gawhāl ं i#j Ghair sanadf . . . l73
Gattutttmu। . 169 Gawhalft Ghair sarsarf . 173
Gatwftra Gawh{tlf Ghair silsila . . . l73
G{tii Gawf . Ghair valāni . . 173
Gauchanft Gawik . Ghair vekenni . . 173
Gatucharāf Ghātit
Gayftl . . 173
Gaud। Gayāl . Ghālipattuta . . l73
Gaud . Gayālf . . Ghalla . . . . 173
Gauda Gayftlu . Ghalla furosh . 173
Gauda . Gayftrf . . Ghalla mislat .
Gauda G{tyatrf . Ghameta .
Gauda . .
Gayftwail . Ghamtts . . l73
Gaudalu . .
Gayftwal Ghana .
Gftudamatnyam Gftyra . Ghana
Gaudamirfts . Gāyrftn . Ghanft .
Gaudaterige Ghānā . . .
Gaz
Gaudftya . } Ghānā . . .
Gaudivya GatZar Ghatnchi . _____

Gauhftn GatZarmahātl Ghāncho . . . .

Gauhainf Gedara Ghand .
G:tukhātna Gedata . ' ं iiं Ghanghas . 173
Gaukos . Geedeea Gh{tni
Gaul Gehoon . Ghftnt . .
G{tulf . .
Gauliga
Gaum
Gaum . __

630
Gehun .
Gehunch:tsia
Geli
Genf .
. . l72

. . 172
. l02
__
__=)" "

।
3
Ghatni
Ghani .
Ghttni-gftchh .
Ghftus .
.
.
.
.
.
.
_

. 173
. . 187
 GHA' GHA
Page
Ghantā . . . Ghās . . . 175 Ghentt
Ghar . Ghās . . 187 Ghepodepo .
Ghār . Ghasb . ___ . 175 Gher
Ghār . Ghāsber6 mahāl .. . . 175 Gherā .
Gherroa .
Ghār .
Gharā .
Ghāsdānā { ## Gheruā .
Ghara ' ं i#ं Ghāsgahānia . . 175 Ghetādet6 .
Ghar6b Ghāsgrenia . . . 175 Ghetāndetān .
Gharāchār . Ghasiārā . 175 Ghewādewā .
Gharāmf . ं j74 Ghāskar . . 175 Ghewadewf
Gharanf . 174 Ghāskur . . 175 Ghewārf .
Gllarar . . . Ghāskātā . . 175 Ght .
Gharbaithā . Ghāskātani . . 175 Ghf . .
Gharbandi ं iiं Ghāskuttanee . 175 Ghfgutta
Gharbār . Ghassāl . . 178 Ghisārf
Gharb6ri . Ghāt . . . 175 Ghofla .
Gharbārf . . Ghat . . 176 Ghol
Gharbhād6. . . Ghat . . . . l76 Gho! . . . .
Gharbhārā . Ghāt . . . . . l76 Ghonght . .
Gharbharani . Ghatā . . . . . . 176 Ghontā .
Gharchār Ghātachandra . . 176 Ghoomāo .
Ghardār . Ghataka . . . 176 Ghoon
Ghardene Ghātaka . . . 176 Ghoon .
Ghardewary . Ghatakā . . . 176 Ghoongee
Ghardhan Ghātāni . . 175 Ghor6. . .
Ghardwārf . Ghatapttja . . 1T6 Ghorfichara
Gharene _
Ghatasphota . 176 Ghoont
Gharenaur khat Ghatasthāpana . . . 176 Ghoor
Ghāta-tithi . . 176 Ghoorburar .
Gharenfā .
Ghāt bandi . . 175 Ghoorut.
Gharenfā-nakarfā Ghātt; bārf . . 175 Ghorawfra .
Gharenfā salāmf6ः . Ghātf . . . 175 Ghorcharha .
Ghargantf . Ghatf . . . l76 Ghorekhād .
Ghari . Ghatt . . . 176 Ghorerātit .
Gharf Ghāti . . . 578 Ghoreswār .
Gharf . . Ghāti6. . . 175 Ghorevitt,
Ghārf . . Ghatikā . . .. ] 76 Ghorite
Gharial Ghatiyā . . . . 175 Ghorra .
Ghariftl6 . Ghātmānjhi . . 175 Ghose .
Ghari6.lf . . Ghātmārā . 176 Ghosee .
Gharfb Ghātpāndya . 176 Ghosh . .
Gharibnaw6Z Ghātrakhwālf . . . 176 Ghoshanā
Gharfb-parwar Ghatti। _ 176 Ghosf
Gharfdār . Ghattt . . . 176 Ghot6
Ghārim . ___
Ghattigoshanā . . . 176 Ghotakhor
Gharjamā . . . . Ghāt-thtkadār . . . . l76 Ghotf ' ं i##
Gharjawaf . Ghātwal . . . 176
Gharkarf . Ghātwālā . . . 176 Ghur . . 173
Gharki . Ghātwali . . 176 . 174
Ghātwālimahāl . . 176
Ghur dewary
Gharpadhān Ghuree . . . . . 174
Ghātwali Zamfn . . 176 . 174
Ghurjummah .
Gharpattt
Gharphant
Gharsabfl
Gharsār6 .
Gharsf
Gharsubhttmf
Ghartā .
Ghartf .
Ghatwan .
Ghatwar
Ghātyā
Ghaut
Ghāyf .
GhāZf
GhāZ1-mfftn .
Ghee ___
. .
. .
. .
.
. .
.
. . 175
. 175
l76
578

176
176
176
177
Ghurree .
Ghursee .
Ghut

Ghugri
Ghuikar
. .
Ghutkool
' ं i#2
. . 176
. 169

. .
.
177
578
।
Ghartf ’ . . . . Gheecottah . . . . 177 Ghulām . . 177
Ghartibharsftrā . Gheegoottah . 177 Ghttmāo . . I77
Ghartfkhott Ghegarā . . 176 Ghttn . . . I76
Ghundf . . I77
Gharttp
Gharifs .
Gharw6
Gharwam
Gharwārt .
Ghas . ___

637
ं ii5
Ghegharā
Ghegura .
Gheghnra .
Ghelāunf .
Ghenai
Ghenedene
___

___

7 7
-
.
. .
.
. .
.
.
176
276
176
176
176
176
Ghungchf .
Ghunghf
Ghungrti .
Ghttnt
Ghttr.
. .
.
. .
.
.
177
177
178
178
178 ।
 GIR.
Page col. line Page Page eol. line
Ghttr6 . . . 178 1 8 Girvi . . . 179 Golādār . . 181
Ghur6b . . 178 1 ’9 Girwi . . 179 Goladip . 578
Ghurat . . 178 1 11 Girwf . . . 179 Golak . 181
Ghtirbarār . . 178 1 12 Girwidār . 179 Golaka . . 181
Ghurrah . . . 178 1 18 Girwināma . . 179 Golākhati . . 181
Ghurree . . . 174 2 27 Go . . 179 GolandāZ . . . 18l
Ghurrat . . . 178 1 17 Goāl ___ . . 180 Golāpaharu . 181
Ghurrat . . 178 1 21 Gofil6 . . . . 179 Golapttrab . . l8l
Ghtts . . . 178 1 23 Goālāpār6 . . 179 Goldār . . 181
Ghttsh . 178 1 23 Goand _ . 182 Goli . . 181
Ghusl . . . . 178 1 24 Gobaidya . . 179 Golkār . . 181
Ghusrānd . 178 1 28 Gobar . 179 Golla . . 18I
Giarwan . . . 178 1 31 Gobarāt . . . 179 Golladu . . 181
Giarwft . . . 178 1 31 Gobarf . 179 Gollakaramu।
Gichuvalf . . . . 178 1 35 Gobba . • . . l80 Gollapalli . 181
Gfda . . . . . 178 1 36 Gobri। . . 179 Gollar . . . l8l
Gidagāwal . . 178 1 37 Gobri . 180 Gollar-mānyam . 181
Gfdarmār . 178 1 39 Gobur . . . 179 Gollara . 181
Gidda . . . 178 1 41 Gochar . . . 179 Golla vādu . . 181
Giddana . . . 178 1 45 Gocharā . . . 179 Gollf . . l8l
. . 178 2 3 Gocharāf . . 179 Golyā . 181
$ं
Giddānf . _ . 178 2 I Gocharma • . . 179 Gom . 163
Gidde . . . . 178 1 41 Goda . _ . 180 Goma . . . .
Gfdia . 178 2 5 Godā .. • • • • l82 Gomajf kāpa56 . . . . l8I
Gidna . . . 178 2 ? Godagara . . 180 Gomāsta . _ . 189
Gila . . 178 2 9 Godana . . . . . 179 Gomastha . . 189
GilandāZi . . . 178 2 11 Godand6 . . . . I79 Gomaya . . 179
Gill6 . . 178 2 9 Godārā . . 180 Gomedh . . . I79
Gfm . . 1'78 2 14 Godari . . . . 180 Goma . . . 181
Gimhw6. . . 178 2 15 Godārivādu . . . 180 Gona . . . . . . . . 18l
Gimw6 . . 178 2 15 G6de . . 180 Gonagar-6ya-jodi . . . . l81
Gimwas . 1T8 2 18 Godhar . 180 Gomakallu _
. . 181
Gindar ’ . . . 178 2 2I Godhttl . . 179 Gonakalluhādi 41
Ginduri . . 178 2 23 G6di . . . . . . 180 Gonapat . . . 181
Ginna . . 178 2 25 Godiyābhttmf . . . 180 Gonapāt . . 181
Ginnagadde . 178 2 26 Godnā . . _ . . 180 Gonatāt
Gintadabatte . . 178 2 30 Godn6. . . . l83 Gonchālu . . . 182
Gin1adavallf . 178 2 28 Godown . . 180 Gonchi . . . . 181
Gintt . . 178 9 27 Goeen . . 179 Gonchigār . _
. 181
Ginti . . 178 2 32 Goend . . 180 Conchipatta . . . . . 182
Gir6. . . . . 178 2 34 Goenda . . 180 Gond . . . . . . . 182
Girakālu . . 178 2 36 Gogā-pfr . . 180 Gond . . . 182
Girfin . . 178 2 87 Gogrāsam . . 179 Gond . . 182
Girānf . . . 178 2 38 Gohāi . . . 179 Gond . . . 182
Girāsf . . 178 2 39 Gohānf . . 180 Gond6।। . 182
Gfritsf . . . 178 2 39 Gohar . . . 179 Gondala . . . 182
Girau . . . 177 I 20 Gohārf . 180 Gondali . . 182
Giravu। . . 179 1 20 Gondana . . . 182
Gohatyā . . . 179
Girbf . 169 I 25 Gohur . 179 Gond-dānf . . 182
Gird . . 178 2 41 Go-fn . . . . 179 Gondhal . . 182
Girda . . . l79 1 4 Goinda . . 180 Gondhala . 182
Girdama . . 179 1 5 Goira . . . 171 Gondhali . . . 182
Girdāsaga . . 179 I 7 Gojaf . . 180 Gondkast . 182
Girdātwar . l78 2 43 Gojara . . . 180 Gondlee . 182
Girdāwarf . . 179 1 ।। Gojari . L80 182
Gondli .
Girdinawāyā . 179 I 8 Gojhā . . 180 182
Girdwār . . . l78 2 43 Goji . . 180 Gondne . . 180
Girhāfk . . . 179 I 12 Gojyee . .. . 180 Gondr6।। . . 182
Girhast . . 188 I 2 Gokallu . . 179 Gonedullee . . 182
Girhist . I88 I 2 Gokhā . . . . ]81 Gonewār . . 182
Girift . . . . 179 I 14 Gokhadā . 179 Gongadi . 182
Giriftār . . . . 179 I 15 Gokhatf . . 179 Gongari . . . 182
Giriftārf . . . I79 I 16 Gokhru . . 181 Goni . . 182
Girike . I 79 I 18 Gokul . . . . 179 Goniayat . . . 182
Giristh . l88 I 2 Gol . . 18 I Gonrā . 182
Giro . . 179 ।। 20 Golft . . 181 Gontia . . . 182
Girrania . . 577 2 30 Golft . . 181 Gogwalā . 179
Giruke . _
. 179 I 18 Golat . 181 Gonwalā . . 175
638
 GON GOR. GRI
Page Pagre l. line
GonZeash . 578 Gorhnā Grahaptijā . _ 'ि ँ 38
Goodoo . 188 Gorhoni। Grahasth . . . 188
Googree . 188 Goriwār . Grahfā . . . 184
Googlee . . 188 Gorma Gram . . . l84
Goojey - . 188 Gornā Grām . . 185
Gool . 189 Goroo . Grāma - . . 185
Gooloo . . . 189 Gorru। Grāmadevatā . . . 186
Gooma . . 189 Gorsi . Grāmādhikār . . 186
Goondy . . 190 Goru . ___ Gramādhikārf . . 186
Goonta - . 190 Goruadhukān Gramadhfnan . . 186
Goonth . . 190 Goruārf berā Gramādhipati . . 186
Goonth . . . 190 Gorukhiyā Gramadikar . . . l86
Goorub . . . . 190 Gosāi . . Grāmahissebu . . 186
Gooruree . . . 190 Gosain Grāma jyotishf . . . 187
Goorda . . 190 Gosain tāki Grāmakanakan . . . . l86
Goorkhye . . 191 Gosālā Grāmakanthamu . . . l86
Gooroo . . 191 Gosāmf . Grāmakaranam . 186
Gooroo . . 180 Gosangivādu। Grāmakāvel . . 186
Goosain . . . 183 Gos6wf Grāmakharch . . 186
Gooshwarah . 183 Gosāvf Grfimakharchtaksfm . 186
Gop - - - . . 179 Gosāwnf . Grāmakharchu . . . . l80
Gopa - - - - - . . 179 Gosāyi -
Grftmakharch 26bita . . . l86
Gopachandana . . . 179 Gosāvi pattt Grāmalu-mttlu। . 186
Gopāla . . . . . . . . • l80 Gosbārā . Grāmam . . . . l85
Gopandhabhttmf . . . l80 Gosera . Grāmamāniam . . 186
Gopanth . 180 Gosha . _ Grāmamerai . . . 186
Gopāshtamf . . . 180 Goshanashfn . Grāmamu . . . . 186
Gophan . . 182 Goshta . Grāmamukham . . . . 188
Gophia . . . l82 Goshta . Grāmanattam . . 186
Gophn6 - . . 182 Goshtha . . . Grāmanf . . . 186
Gophnf . . 182 Goshthāshtamf Grāmanyan . . . . 186
Gopt . . . . . 179 Goshthf Grāmaottishettu। . . 186
Goptchandan . . 179 Goshti . . . Grāmapurohitan . . 187
Gopik6 - . 179 Goshtisrāddh . Grāmasamishttbhttmi . . . l87
Gopmahāl . .. 180 Goshuārā Grāmaterige . 187
Gopo - . 182 Goshupārā Grāmattān . . 187
Gopura . . 182 Goshwāra . Grāmattān-māniam . . 187
Gopya - - - . 182 Goshwārā __ Grāmattān sutantram . . . l87
Gopyabandha . . 182 Goshwftra-kabulfat . Gramattār . . 187
Gopyādhi . . 182 Goshw6ra kul . Grāmaw6r . . 187
Gorā . . 182 Goswāmf Grāmbheti . . 187
Gorā. . 182 Goswārā Grāmchālf . . 187
Goraba . . 182 Got - Gramdebta . . 186
Gorādu . . 578 Got . . • • Grftmdeo . . 186
Goragori - . . 182 Gota -
Gramjoshf . . 187
Gorāf . 182 Gotā . Grāmkharch . . . 186
Gorāf-2amfn . . 182 Gotāf . Grāmlekhaka . . 187
Goraft . 183 Gotāmu . Gramni . . . . . l80
Gorakh . 180 Gotār6. Grāmnisbat-ināmatf . . 187
Gorakhsh . . 180 Gotbastf . Grāmopādhyāya . . 187
Gorakhshaka . . 180 Goth . Grāmsaranjami . 187
Gorant . 182 Gothān . Grftmw6.r . . . 187
Gorāru . . . . . . 578 Gothpadi . Grāmya . - . . 187
Gorāru kuwetar . . 578 Gotpat . Gramyadebatā . . 187
Gorāru pandhar . . 578 Gotpāt Grāmyājak . . 187
Gorāru ubharf6।। . 578 Gotra ______
Gramyājaka . . . 187।।
Goras . . . . 180 Gotrahatyā . . . . Grantha . . 187
Gorasf . l80 Gotraja . . . Granthf __ . 187
_ 182 Gotravaranam . Granthf-mochaka . . 187
Gor6.t; 578
Gov6 . Grās . . 187
Gorava . . 182 Gowārf Grāsa . 187
Gorayat . . . l83 Gowārf . Grāsi6. . . . IS7
Gorayt . . 183 Goyarā . . Grass . . . 187
Goret . . . 183 Goyend . Griha . . . . . 187
Gorgāri . . 183 Graha . Grihadāha . . . 187
Gorha . . . l83 Grahana Grihadeva . . 18T
Gorha . . 183 Grahapatra . : i8i Grihadevatā . 187
639
 GRI GUD GUR,
Page coL line
Grfhajata . . . 187 Gudast . Gunagar
Grihapatt . 187 Gudastb6ki Gunagārf .
Grihapraves6 . . 187 Gttdftwu . . . . . Gunfth
Grihastha . 188 Gudda . . . . . Gunakā
Grihayajna . . . 188 Guddada-koti . Gunārf
Grihf . . . 188 Guddali Gunchi-patta '
Grihftā . . 188 Guddalipommu Gund .
Grihinf . . 188 Gudde . Gundi .
Gudemu . Gunhā
Gubur . . . 160 Gttdemu .
Gubhan .
Gunhegftr
. 160 Gttdhaja . Gunhegāri .
Gud . . 160 Gudhār Gunj
Gud . . . 160 Gudhi Gunja
Gudum . 160 • Gttdi। Gunjāish .
Guddad . . 161 Gudi . ___
Gunj6ishf
Guddee . Gudigār . . . Gunjaisu .
Guddey . . . l6l Gudikatte .
Guddur .
Gunjayash
. . . 16I Gudikattu। Gunje . .
Gudeechut . . 161 Gtidipftrupatya
Guenie .
Gunji . .
. 162 Gudisaraku . Gunt .
Gueniechalie . . 162 Gudivaram . Gunta .
Gueniechally . . 162 Gudri . Gunta . .
Gueny . __
. . 162 Gudu। Gunta . .
Guenychit . . . 162 Gugari . Guntaka .
Guhun _ . . 162 Gugaribfl Gunte
Guhurwar . . . 162

।।
Guggal Gunth
Guj . . 102 Gugli
Guj . . 171 Gugri . Gunth _।

Guijur . . . l62 Gujāi . . Guntike .

Gulla . . l63 Gttjar . Gupta
Gullee .
Gunda
. .
.
l63
l64
Gujar Gेtāvaāhdia _

Gujarft Gupt-ditn
Gundurwala. . l64 Gujarā . Grtr .
Gundasa . l64 Gujarat Gtir .
Gundasee . . . l64 Gujaratt Gura .
Gung6।। . l65 Gujasht Gurab
Gungajul . 165 Gujasta-jamit . Gurakhi .
Gunga-jumma . 165 Gujasta-jamfn Gurākhi .
Gungapootr . . . l6b Gujrān . Gurao .
Gunj . . l65 Gujri . Gurari।
l65
Gunje .
Gunna
. . .
. . 166
Gukhi।
Gul
Giifigiaf _ _

Gurav
Gunny . . 166 Gttl Gurava
Gunwut . Gul . Gurav-punja
Gunwuleea . . 577 Gulal ___ Gurcharāf
Gupsa . 167 Gttlar . . . . . Gurcharān .
Gura . . . 167 Gulendā . Gurd6 .
Guranee . 167 Gulgulia . Gतॆādhhiia' _ _

Gurh . . . . . 168 Gulhār . Gurgftnth .

Gurheebund। . 168 Gttlf Gurgurf .
Guree . . . 108 Guli-guli Gurgurfa .
Gurphant . 175 Gulivina pommu। Gttrhaja .
Gurranea . . . 577 Gullasunnamu। Gurhāl
Gurree . 168 Gulu . Gurhaur .
GurZee . . 112 Gtima Gurhf .
Guthree . . 169 Gumān
Gurighar
Gutwftra . . . . 169 Gumāshta . Gurikār .
GuZ . . 171 Gumāshta kānungo Guriyā .
Gumftsta Gurkātti
Guft . . 188 Gumbara . Gurkhai
Gudā . ___ . 188 Gumb:tra Gurow
Gudagftwal-gutta . . . 188 Gumchi Gurpinch
Gudaku . _
. 188 Gumkft . Gttrtu .
Gttd{tlu। . . 188 Gummi Guru
Gudām . . . 188 Gurudev .
Gumnftma 1S
Gudār . . . 188 Gurudeva .
Gudārghfttā . . . . 188 Guna . वँikāhiia' . 20
640
 GUR HAD HAL
Page e O)l. eol
Page
Gurukul . Hadavādamare . . 192 Hak-ājiri . . . .
Gurukkul 192 Hak-al-wfikiah . .
Hadbandi
Gurumatā . 578 Hakam . _

Gurumukhi . Hadbast . . . 192 Hakbhent

Gurug __
Hadd . . 192 Hakchauthāf .
Gurupftdāsraya . Haddād . . 192 Hakdār .
Guruptijft . Haddaka . 200 Hakdātrf . : ijj
Guruputra Haddupatrikft . . 192 Hakeri . . . .
Gurutalpaga Hitdia __
. 193 Hakiat . . . .
Gurutu। Had-i-jawaib . . . . 192 Hak-i-hawftladār . ं ijj
GurZmār Hadika . . 200 Hak-1-intifa . . l94
Gutā Hadfs . . . 19:B Hakfkat .
I'ladiya . . 193 Hakikat . .
Gutgipattt .
Guti। Hadkf . . . . . . 193 Hakfkat-i-jama
Gutf . Hadmahadad . . 192 Hakfkat-i-jittna ttimāri . l96
Gutipokā . H{tdola 193 Hakikat māma . _

Gutkā Hadr . . l93 Hakikat rozfna datrf

Guttā . Hafi? ____
. 193 Hakikāt tahsfl .
Gutta . . HafiZ-i-daftar . . l93 Hakikat Zamindārf
Hafta . . . l93 Hakim
Guttagātdu।
Gutte Haftagāna . . 578 Hakfm .
Gutttge Haftgāna . . . 578
Hakfm .
Guttigedār . Haftnaksha . . 578
Guttigehola . Hitga . . . . . . . l93 Hākimf .
Guttinae . Hagadaduddu . . . . . ]93 Hak-i-milkfat
Gutto-sharftb Hage . . . l93 Hitk-i-mushāhara .
Guttu। Hagevu . . 193 Hak-i-raatiya
Guyā Hageya . 193 Hak-i-sarbarah ' ं ijj
Gu?ar Haiāt . . l93 Hak-i-sarkār .
GuZftr . Haihaya . . . 204 Hak-i-shufah
Gu?:tr Hainu। __ . l93 Hak-i-tahsfl .
GuZāra Hainugadde . . . l93 Hak-i-Zamindār
Gu?arbfin __
ं ijं Hainu-pairu। . l93 Hakk .
Gu?argfth . . . Haj . . . . 193 Hakkalu . ं ijं
GuZ{trish Ilāja . . 193 Hakk-halātl
Gu?ftrat Hajftm . . 193 Ilakkamin chātrf
Hajāmat . ___
. 193 Hakkmātl .
Gu?ftsht . . . 193 Hakknahakk .
Hajatm-āyajodi .
GuZitshtajama Hajftin hadapa . . . I93 Hakknathakk .
GuZrftn Hajām-hasab-vari . . l93 Hakkrishānf
GuZri . . . • ' ं ijं Hajar . 193 Hakktak . . ___
: igā
Gw{tl . . . 578 Hitjarf . . . 20ā) Hakkul-abd . . .
Gwalā . . . • . 578 Hajat . . . . . . . l93 Hakkullāh . . . .
Gw{tlin . . • • • H{tjat-i-naksha . . . . l98 Hakkunnfts . _

Gyallee - . . 577 Hajat-i-sifthā . 193 Hakmātlikāna

- - - -
Gyfin . . . . . 192 Hंjat-i-tajwfZ . . 193 Hakmurāfik ' ं ऊँ8
. 192 H:jf . . 193 Haknāhak
Gyftn-krita-bodh . . . _

Gywallin . . b78 Hajibnuksān . Haknāk . . . .

Hajir . Hakpadhānchātrf
H:ijir . Hakpatwarf
Hajirbegftrf Haksāi _

Hajirf . _
Haksiftnchftri .
Ha . . . 192 Hajiribahi . Hakthokdārf .
Habb . . . 192 H{tjirf naufibfid . Hakttk
Habs . . 192 Hajiri sfibek Hakttmat . __

Habshi . 192 Hatjfrjftmfn . . . 206 Haktimat-al-adl .

Habttb . 192 Hajir.j:tmin . 206 Haktimat-i-ādl .
Habubftt . . . 192 Hitjir-jitmindār . . . 20:) Hak-us-Saai
Hackery . . . l95 Hitjir.jftminf . 20b Hak-ut-tahsfl.
. . l96
Hackikut .
Had .
Hada .
Hadana .
Hadap . . .
Hadapa . .
Hadaph
Hadapiga ___

041
. .
.

.
. .
.

' ं ijं
192
192
192
l9:}
l93
193
। Hājir-nis .
Hajir-huttuwalf
Hajj .
Hajjatm .
Hajjul-far?
Hajkul
Hajr
Hak • . .
. .

_
. .
.
. .
.
. .
.
. .
.
205
5979
l93
193
193
193
193
194
Hak-Zamind{trf
H:tl .

Hal
H{1
H:tl
Hālā
Hala .
.
.
.
.
.
_

}
 HAL HAR
eol line Page Paga e
Hitlut . . . 197 Hitrfः . . . 199
Hitl-6bādf .
Haluve . . 197 Harā . . 199
Hitl-6bftdi-2amin . Halvfra . 196 Harada . . 199
Halatita Halwfthāt . . 196 Haradāri। . 200
Halāk Halw:tht . . . 190 Haradavattige . . 200
Hālākār . _
Halwāf . . 197 Haragalu। . 200
Halakat . . . H{tlwakkal . . 197 Haragalukada . . 200
Halāl . Ham . _ . 197 Harage . _
. 200
Halāl . . Hama-batbat . . . 197 Haragolguttai . . 200
Halātlkhor Hamah . I97 Haragolu। . 200
Halap Hamajāt . . . 197 Haraee
Halas . Hamakaum . . 197 Hariti . 199
H{tlat . Hamāl . . . 197 Hariti . . 199
Hālātt . Hāmālkhun . 197 200
Halbakaia . Hamāmdastā . . 197
Haraj . 579
H{tlbākf Hamāndista . 197 Harāj . 200
Halbandi Hamdam . . . 197 Harajayanda . . 579
Halbarār . Hamf . . 197 Haraj-maraj . 200
H{tl bhanjan H:tmf . . 197 Harale pattadi . . . 200
Hal bunjin Hamfdār 198 Haralu pattadi . 200
H{tlchalani . Hāmfdār . . . 198 Haram . . . 200
Haldaः . Hamfl . 198 Harām _ . 200
H{tldār Hamipatra . . ]98 Hārampattuta . . 200
Haldār : ijiं Hamisham . . 198 HaritmZāda . 200
Hatld{trf . Hamjit . . 197 Haranbarf . . 200
Haldarf-jama Hamjins . 107 Haras . . 196
Haldf . . Hamla . . . 198 Harat .
Halee . Hamrfti . . 197 Harātar . . 199
Halepitik Hamsāia . . . 107 Harātf . . . 199
Half. . . 197 Hamsaigrfimamu। . I97 Haratkul . 200
Halfan . . . . 578 Hamshahri . . 197 Harauri . 199
Half-dartight . . 197 Hamtaām . 578 Harautā . . 199
Half-nāma . . 197 Haga . ... . . 198 Harava . 200
Hitlgarft . . . . I96 Hagadan6ta . 198 Harftwal . 200
Hfilhakfkat . . 196 Hanavadda . . 198 Harb6b . 199
Hitlhitsil| . . . I96 Hanas . 196 Harbf . . . 200
H{tlhāsilf . 196 Hanchige . . . 198 Harbfrah . ___ . 190
H{tlf . I96 Hanchike . . . 198 Harbong kf rāj . . 200
Half . . 196 Hanchugolu . 198 Hardā . _ . . 200
Halfag . . . I96 Handā . . . 198 Hardaur . . 200
Hal-i-dahkal . 578 Hitndā . . . . . . 198 Hardehā . . . 200
Halidākhal . . l96 Handā . . . . . . . l98 Hardo-hissa . 199
H{1lif . . 197 Handekari। 198 Harduas . . 200
Hitlfmājf . . . 197 Handf 198 Harees . 200
H{tlimawatlf . . 197 Handf . 198 Haretā . . 196
H{tljama . . . 196 Hame . 198 Hareta . 199
Halka . 197 Hangām 198 Haretā . . 199
Halla . . . 197 Hangāma . . . . 108 Harghasft . 199
Halli . . . . 197 Hangāmf . . ... . . . l98 Harhā . . . 199
Halligādde . . 578 Hangām sibandf . . . . l98 Harhamesha . 199
Halligftdu . . 197 Hfini . . . . . . . 108 Harhāsali . . 199
Halligftdinavaru . . 197 H{tnib:t 198 IIari . . 100
Hallikār . 197 Hanja . 198 H:tri . 199
Hilmājht . . . 196 Hanjit . . . . 198 Hari . . 200
Halparia . . . . 196 Hankāl terige . 198 Hārf . . 200
Halpuchhi-hisftb . 196 Hansrāj 198 Hari . . 201
H{tlsāthana . . 196 Hapar 198 H{triā .
Hitlsahna . . 196 Hapta . 193 Haria . 199
Halsftkin . 578 Haptā . . 198 Harfa . . . 201
Hals{tl . Haptebandi . I98 Hariar . 199
Hals{trf . . 196 Haphto . 198 Hariaunu . . . 199
Halshahna . . 196 Hadeedut . . 195 Haribār . _ . 199
H{tlshana . 578 Har . . . . 196 Hftrig6lu . . . . . . . 201
Haltā . . . 197 Hār . . 198 Harika . . . . - . 200
Haltaddi . . 196 Hitr . 199 Harim . . . 200
. 196 Har . Hitrisa . . . 201
H{tltaujih . . . 199
Halube . __
. 197 Har . 199 Harjins . 199
642
 HAR HAS HEN
Pagra Pagn Parre col. lino
Harkar . 201 Hasuge . . 202 Haulf . 203 4!
Harkāra . 199 H:tt . 202 Haut . . 203 20
Harkat 199 Hatt . . . 202 Hautchitta . . :)79 11
Harkat 201 Hat . . . 202 Hāvali . 204 16
Harkf _ 201 Hat . . . 203 Havelie . . 2()-1 19
Harkivivāha . 201 203 Havelli . . 204
Harorf 199
Hatta . } 579 Havildār . . 204
Harptiji 199 Hittario . . 203 Havflf . 204
Harraka . 200 Hatargftrā . . . . . 203 Havilf . . . 204
Harsajja . 199 H:ttberf . 202 Hawif . . 579
Hars{tla . 579 Hittchenchar ' : 20ं ?
Haw{tla श;्रे 203
579
Harsot 199 Hātchittht . 202
Harsotia . 199 H{ttchor . . 203 Hawftladitr . . 204
Harwahā . 199 Hater . . 202 Hawalat . 204
Harwal . 199 Hatth . ' : 202 _
Hawfilat . ।'y 204
679
Hasale . 201 Hatth . . 202
Hisalu . 202 Hath . .' : 202 Hawfilat patra. . 579
Hasaritnf . 201 Hitth . 203 Hawfildār. . . 204
Hāsaravatne . 201 Hatha . 679 Hawftldārf . . 204
Hasarnama 579 Hitthchitā . . 579 Hawalhātt . . 204
Hasaru . 201 Hath-chitthf . 202 Hawali . . 204
Hasb . 201 Hatheli . 202 Hawalie . _ . . 204
ilasbana . . . . 579 H:tthf . . 203 Hawalishahar . . 204
Hasb-hāsilf . . . 201 Hatthichak . 203 Hawildarry . . 204
Hasb-i-7abita . . 201 Hitthihangām . 203 Hawflf _ 204
Hasb-ul-hasil . . 201 Hathikhāna . . 203 Hawili grāmamulu। . . 579
Hasb-ul-hukm . . 201 Hathile . . 203 Hityagada . . 204
Hasb-ul-irs . . . . . . 201 Hathiyār . . 202 Hayobans . . . 204
Hasb-ul-wasttl . . . . 20l Hitthjornf . . . . 202 HaZftnat . . 204
Hasb-ul-wasttl-i-marocha . 20l Hath karadu। . 203 HaZirf . . 204
Hasb-wasttlf . 201 Hathkarf . " : 20ं HaZftrian . . 204
Hitshia-gawah . . . 201 Hathkhātā . 579 Hit7ir . . . 205
Hashima . 201 Hathorā . . . 203 Hit?irāt . _ . 20:b
Hashm . . 201 Hathorf . 203 Hai?ir b:tshf . . . 206
Hashm minhāi . . 201 Hathpher ' : 20ं HatZirf . 206
Hashm navis . 201 Hatiyār . 202 HaZir Zittnin . . : 205
Hashm-nfs . ___ . 201 Hatjaminf . " : 20ं Ha?ir Zittninf . 2()ं)
Hashm-pharnavis . . 20I Hatjorā . . . . 202 HaZl . . 206

Hashm-pharnfs . 201 Hit-kā-chutkf . . 203 HaZrat . 206

Hasho-minhāi . . 201 Hat-karāt . . 203 Ha?rt . . . 20:)
Hasho-wa2a . 202 Hattkārf . . 203 HaZ ttr . 20:)
Hasiā . . . 202 Hattkathi . . 203 Hebah . . . 579
Hasige . 202 Hatkattur . 579 Hebbitra . 206
Hasike . . . . 202 H{ttkhāvanf . . 203 Hebbaruva . . 206
Hatsil . . 202 Hatto . . 203 Hebbaruvaru . . 200
Hasfl . . 202 Hattrumal. . 203 Hechchike . . 206
Hasfl . . 202 Hatta . 203 Hechchu . . 200
H{tsfl . 202 Hattā . . 203 Hechkatla . . . 200
Hatsilā . . 202 Hatta . 579 Hed . . 200
Hitsilat . . 202 Hatta chor . 203 Hedyā . . . 200
Hasil-ba Zitrf . . 202 Hattāl . 203 Heerana . 2()9
H{tsil-daftar . 202 Hattalu . . 203 Hegaday . 679
Hasil-i-bftZār . 202 1 39 Hattf . . 203 Hegalane . 200
Hitsil-i-kalām . . 202 Hattf . . . . . . 203 Hegrgade . . 200
Hasil-i-namak . 202 Hattf . . . . . 203 Hejib . . 206
Hasil-khālārf . . 202 Hattt . . . . 203 Hel . 200
Hasil-2amin . . . 202 Hattikame . . 203 Hela . . 206
Hasta . . . 202 Hattfmahal . . 203 Hela . 206
Hastabttd . . . 202 Hattisunka . . 203 Hele . . 200
Hastakadi . 202 Hattivari . . 203 Helkarf . 200
Hastākshar . 202 H{tttt . . 203 Hellavftr . 206
Hastantarakāram . . 202 Hitusnā . . 203 Helpatt . . 206
Hastitntarakārampatra . . . 202 Hatwa . 203 Hemalamba . . 200
Hasten . . . . . 202 Hatyā . . 203 Hemanta . . . 206
Hastnā-bttd . . . 202 Hauda . 203 Hemayet . 2()s

Hast-o-btid . . 202 Haudaj . . . 203 Henda . • . 200

Hast-o-bridi . . . 202 Haulānhaul . . 203 Henga . 200
Hast-o-bttd jama . . 202 Haulat . . . 204 Hennubalu . . . 206
6-13
 HIR. HUL

Page Page col. 1ine Page eoL line

Her . . 206 2 Hirwft . 209 1 Holf-che-holkar . .210

Her . . 206 Hirwep . . 209 1 Holf-chi-polf . . .210
IIeree . 206 HirZ . . . . . . 209 I 8:B Holig6ri . .210
IIerf . . 206 HirZbilhāfi? . . . . . 209 I Holikā .210
Heryā . 200 HirZ-bfl-makām . . 209 1 Holiya . 210
I{etft . . 200 Hisft _ . . 209 2 Holiya . . . 2l0
Hetkarf . . 206 Hisftb . . . . . . 209 1 Holleeroo . . 210
lletu। . . 200 Hisāb-i-kharch . . . . 209 l Hollieroo . . 210
Hew . . 200 Hisfib-navis . 209 2 Homa
Hew{tlā . . 206 Hiseb . . . 209 l Honda . . . 211
Hewatjamfn . Hisedār . . 209 2 Home . . 211
. . 207
Hiba . . . . . . . . 207 Hiserftsi . . . 209 2 Homegār . . . 211
Hiba bft sharat ul awa? . . 207 Hiserāsf . . 209 2 Honnu . . 211
Hiba-bil-awa? . . 207 Hissa . . . 209 2 Hooly . . . 210
Hibadār . . . 207 Hissadātr . 209 2 Hoon . . 211
Hibamush;1a . 207 Hissadārf . . . 209 2 Hoondee . . . 212
Hibamutlak . . . 579 Hissahākimf . 209 2 Hoondy . _
. 212
Hibitnftma . . 207 Hissahālf . . . 209 2 Hootoovully . . . 579
Hibat . . Hissa-i-hākim . . 579 I . 579 2
. 207 Hootwaly
Hibatamlik . 579 Hissaft ___ . . 209 2 HooZoor . . . 265
Hissa-i-mātlik . •. 209 2 Hor . 211
Hibba . . . . . . . 207 ___

Hibbeh tumleek . . 579 Hissakashi . . 209 2 Hor . . . . . 2l l

Hidād . . . 207 Hissakushee . 209 2 Horasat-k{tl . 211
Hiddir . 193 Hissarāitf . . . 209 2 Horaswastf . . 211
Hift?at . . 207।। Hissarasad . . 209 2 Hore . . . 211
Hissftrat . . . 209 2 Horehullu . . 21l
HifZ . . 207
Hissaub . . 209 I . 211
Hijr . . 193 Hosāgama . ___

Hissaw{tri . 209 2 . . 2l l
Hijra . . . 207
Hissawb . . 209 I
Hosahali patta . . .
Hijrft . . . 208 Hosahukam _ . 21I
IIissawb-korcha . 209 l . 579
Hijrf . . 208
Hissebu . . 209 I
Hossogamy .
Hikmat . . 195 __
Hotā . . 211
Hikr{ . 208 Hfthā . . . . . . . . 2l0 I Hotha . . . . 579
Hil6 . . 208 Hittalakandāyum . . 210 I
Hotri . . 211
Hflah . . 208 Hittalu . . . . . . . 2l0 l . 211
Hottehore
Hillā . . . . . 208 Hittu . . 210 I
Hottu।
Hillatharkat . . . 208 Hittubitti . . 210 I . . 211
Hottuhama
Hillaharkattu . . 208 Hiyfil . 210 I Houn . 21I
Himaddhān . . 208
Hiy{tZat . 210 I Howalla . . 203
Him:tiat . . 208 Hobalf . . 210 1 Howlatt . . 204
Hobalfdar . . . . . . 210 1
Himalaya . . 208 Hobalishanabhog . . 210 I
Hfn . 208
HObli . . . . . . . 210 I
IIfna . . 208
Hod:ः _____ . 211 2
Hinajatti . 208
Hodatdftru . . . . . . . 2l l 2
IItnapaksha . . . 208 Hubb . . . . . 192
Hoge . . ___ . 2]0 I
. 192
Hfnapatra . . 208 Huboob . .
Hinav{tdf . . . :208 Hogemanasu . . . . . 2l0 I Huboobat . 102
Hinbatdf . . 208 Hoge soppina pommu . . 2I0 I Hubs . 192
Hoge soppu . _ . 210 I
Hingfiru . _ . . 209 Hud . . . . . 192
Hingftrumale . . 209
Hogetoppu . . 210 1 Hudbundee . . 192
Hojat . . 2] () l
Hingftrupairu। . . 209 Hudbust . . . 192
Hol . . . . . . . 2l l l
Hinjftra . . 200 Hudd . 192
Hola . . . . . . . . 2l0 I
Hinjatti . . 209 Hudjam . . . 193
'Holabu . . . _ 210 l
IIinkas . . 208 IIudolee . . 193
HOladabele . 210 1
Hinkaul . . . . 20{) Hug . . l94
Holadasara . _ 210 I
Hinki . . . . l93 Hugdar . . 194
Holagaddivyfijya . . 210 l
Hinkk{tlu . . . 209 Huj . . . 198 3
Hol:tr . _ 21() I
Hfnrāsf . . . 208 Hujam 103
Hinsft . . . 209 Holayur . . . 210 2 Huk . . . . 194
IIole . _ . . 210 I
Hitjnte . 209 Hukeem . . l95
Holegekattu . . . 210 2 Hul . . 196
Ifippaif . 200 HOlehola . 2I0 l
I!{r . 679 Hulaeta . . 196
Hira . 209 Holeyanu . . 219 2 IIulbundee . . 190
Hfrānā . . 200 IIoleyanu . . 210 2
Hulburar . 196
Hirankhurf . . . 200
Holeyaroo . 210 2
Hulda . . . 197
Iloleyaru। . 210 2 . 107
Hiramvagarbham . . 209
Holeyaru . . . 210 2
Huldee .
Hirchः। . . . . . 209 Hulf . . . . 107
Holeyer . . . 210 2 . {)78
Hirekottige kandāyam . . 209 Holf . . 210 2
Hul-fun .
IIirun-khooree . . 200 Hlulligaday . 678
0-11
 HUL, HU.J IJA
Page col. 1ine col line Page eol. line
Hulda . 197 38 Hujttr sanadi Hu?ttr-tahsfl-i-daftar . . 206 I 19
Hulsaree . . 196 35 Hujttr-wār sāsan . Hu?tir-7ilā _ . 206 I 25
Hulligaday . 578 41 Hukāmi . . . . Hyum . . 212 2 22
Hultuddee . . 196 38 Hukm
Hulus . . . 196 I Hukmat
Hulueera . 196 39 Hukm-nāma _

Hulwaha . . 196 4l Hukm-nāma bertj .

Hum . . 197 18 Hukmwa?a . Iatikād .
Humeh . . 197 30 Hukttm ibadat .
Humtaum . . 578 43 Huktimat Ibāhat
Hunnay . . 578 45 Hulakyeri Ibāk .
Hunus . 196 1 Hulaswar _
Ibbala
Huptee . . l98 10 Httlfddahana . Ibn-us-Sabfl .
Hud . . . 194 1 Hulihammu . Ibrā .
Huddār . 194 30 Hullu . _ Ibra-i-Zimma
Hur . . 199 6 Hullubammi . . . . . Ibrf uāma .
Hur . . . 199 21 Hullubanni kuri manya IbZita .
Huram . . 200 29 Hullugāvalu chalu।
Hurdooas . . . 200 36 Hullukelasa ichalu-ndru
Hurdour . 200 25 Hulvati-mara d . .
Huree . . . 199 Htin . id . .
Hureeaon . 199 Htinbattf . Idagai
Hureejaindah . . 579 Hundā . Idai . . .
Hurghaseet . 199 Hundā . . Idaichcherf .
Hurha _ . 199 Hundfibhārā Idaiyan
Hurhamesh . I99 Hundaw6 Idakkai
Huriur . . . 199 Hundawan . Idakudi
Hurjins . . 199 Humdekarf Idam .
Hurkaru . . . 199 Hundh . Idam . .
Hurkut . . 199 Humdf . Idankai . .
Hurouree . . . 199 Hundiān _
Idayan
Hurouta . . 199 Hundichitthi Iddāt
Hurpoojee . 199 Hundichitu। idgāh .
Hurreea . . 679 Hundfdarsanf idi . .
Hursot . . . 199 Hundigesunkā idian .
Hursotea . . . . 199 Hundi maādi idiana .
Huruj . . . 200 Hundf w{tl . 1diga .
Hurum . . 200 Hundf wālā . !diguttige _

Hurus . . . 196 Hundwā . dfn

Hurwa . 199 iftiºjiktilyāminyam • । idn ___

Hurwul . . . . . . 199 Hurdā id-ul-fitr .

Husbool Hookm . . 201 Hurla . id-ul-kurban
Hussulleeroo . . . 201 Hurmat .
Hustobood . . 202 Hurmat-baba fdumupairu _

Husubana . . 679 Hurmatmusāharat !d-us-saghtr

Huth . . 202 Httrsttl d-uZ-7ahā
Hutheele . . . 203 Huro . Ifl:is .
Hutta . . . 203 Hurulf Ihāta .
Huttee . _____ . . 203 Hurulivari . fhide . .
Huttee . . . . . . 203 Hitriyā Ihkāk .
HuZoor . . 206 Huta . Ihlāl .
Hutāsana . Ihrām .
Huda . . 211 Hutāsanf . . . . Ihsftn . .
Huda . . 579 Huttugāru gauda . Ihtas6b
Huddā . 211 Huttuwali . Ihtikār .
Hudde . . . . 211 Huttuwali kami Ihtimām . . .
Huddedār . 211 Huwun . Ihtimām-bandi
Hudigar . . . 2l I Hu?ar . Ihimām-dār .
Huduwu . . . 2l I Hu?tir _
Ihtimāmf _

. . 206
Hujarāt
Hujaru .
Hujaryā
Hujjat
Hujrā .
Hujiir
Hujitr-māml6
Hujttr pāgā . . .
646
. .

. .

. .
.

.
205
206
579
206
205
206
200 । Hu?ttr bālā .
HuZttrf .
HuZttrf-mālgu?ār
HuZttrf-nālish .
Hu?urf tāluk
Hu?tir mahāl .
HuZtir navis . .
Hu?tir tahsfl
.

. . . .
Ihtimām-kachcherf
Ihtisftbf .
Ih?ār .
Ijfib . .
Ijab-wa-kabul .
Ijitjat .
Ij6phā.
Ijaphājamin
. . .
 IJA ILA ISH
Pagre eol. line Page _e_0 1 line
-
Page col. line
Ijitphat _ . . 222 Ilākha . . . 216 37 | ind rawftdu . 219 1
Ijftphat-jamft . . 222 Ilakhe . 216 38 । Induv{tra . . 219
Iiftphat-inftm gfton . . 223 [lakhejanaru . 216 39 | Infisātl . 219
Ijarft . . 214 lftm . . . . 216
l | Ingftrtuppa . . . 219
Ij:tr{tdātr . 214 Ilambitdi . . . 216 5 | Inglis . . . 219
Ijftrftd:trf 214 ilimnama . . 216 3 । Inkisftm . . . 219
Ijftrft-jaghrftt. 214 lftn . ___ . . 216 7 | Insftf . . 219
Ijāra kaul . . . 214 Ilangādutarisu . 216 8 | fnt . . . 219
Ijara-nitma 214 Ilanjam . . 216 10 | lntgftrf . 219
Ijarapatta . . . 214 Ilanji . 216 l1 | Intik{tl . . . 219
Ijardatr 214 Ilftalu . . 216 15 । Intik{tlf . . . 219
Ijard:trf . . 214 ilat . 216 l2 | Intikfilf-bahf . . 219
Ijardftri-pattā . 214 Ilavam . . . 219 l8 | Intik{tlf rasttm . . . 219
Ijarpat 214 Ilhāk . . 216 l7 | Intikhātb . . . 219
IjaZat . . . 2l4 Ilkfthajar . . . 2l6 2l । Intiperu। . 216
Illadawar
IjftZat-nāma _ } #! Illakur . .
. 579
216
2S | Inti?ftm . . 219
219
25 | lpatditi . .
Ijlfts 214 Illam . . . 579
30 | Ippan . 219
Ijlfts-kftmil . 216 Illam-nāma . . . 579 33 | Ira . . 579
Ijmfta . . . . . 215 Illarikam . 216 28 | Irāda . . . 219
Ijmfta-i-5ahabat . 216 Illata . . . 216 32 । Irai . . 219
Ijmftl . __ 215 Illftyam . . 216 34 | Iraippu। . . 219
Ijmftli . . . . . 215 Illdawar . . . 579
28 | Iraiyumawftriyum . 219
Ijmfilf gumāshta 579 Illom . . 579 30 | Irākkadan . . 219
Ijmftlf-mahal 215 Illumkoora . . . 579
29 । Irakkārftnma . . 219
Ijmftyalf . 215 lm . 216
35 | Irakkārānmayola . . ४19
Ijmuilee . 579 Iltimāts . . 216 36 | Irakkuchchamb6 . . 219
Ijrft . . . 21b Imām _ . 216 . . 219
40 | Irapu .
Ijrfif-dikrf . . . . 2l5 Imātm bftrft . . . 217 8 l Irasam . . 219
Ijtihātd . . . . 2l5 Imām batrf . . 217 8 | Irattu . . . 219
Ikftla . . . 2lā Imātm-bil-hak . . 217।। . 219
4 | Irattuppai .
Imāmfa . . 217
_

Ikbitl { ं;
215
Imftm-7ftminf .
_

. . 217
6 | Iraval . . .
.
219
219
15 ravan
Ikb{tl-dawft.. 215 Imftrat . . 217
l9 | Iravarf . . 219
Ikb:tlf . 579 mftrat . . . 217
2l | Irjika . 219
ikh . 215 Imbisftt . . 217 23 | Irkāru . . . 219
Ikhrah 215 Imla . . 579
34 | Irs . 219
Ikhrāj 215 Imlftk _ . 217 26 | Irsftl . . 219
Ikhrāj . 216 Imlftk mankttla . . . 217 28 | Irsftl nftma . 219
Ikhrftjftt . 215 Imlftk-ghair mankttla . 217 29 | Irsitlpatt . . . 219
Ikhrftjftt-i-aurang . 215 Immadi . . 217 30 | Irsh . _ . 219
Ikhtifir . 215 Immanu . . 217
3l | Irtihātn . . . . . 219
Ikhti{trnftma . 215 Imtihān . . . 217 33 | Irtishat . 219
Ikhtiar-i-5ulh . 215 Imtinata . . 217 34 | Iru। ___ . . 219
Ikhtiar-i-?abha . 215 Inaftm . . . 217 219
Inaftmdātr 218
35 | Irubhāgamu . .
Ikhtiyftr . 215 .
44 | Irubhogamu . . . 219
Ikhu . . 215 Inaftmat . _ . . 218
l | Irubogam . . 220
Ikkeri httn . 215 Inaftmat-i-tafrfk . . 218 6 | Irubu . . . 220
Ikkeri-warahft 215 Inaftm-i-altamgha . . 218 8 | Irugoru . . 220
Ikrah ___ 215 Inaftm-i-ikrftm . 218 . 220
l0 | Irulan . .
Ikrftr . . . . . 215 Inaftm-i-kftnungo . . . 218 l2 | Irumanabftri . 220
Ikrftr datna patra . 215 Inftm . . 217
35 | Irunftlf pfttam . . 220
Ikrāri 215 Inftmdār . . . 218
44 | Irupattu mitladf kol . . 220
Ikrar-i-āām . 215 Infimat . . 218
I l Iruvftra . . 220
Ikrftri-agftmt . . 215 Inftmatf . 218 . 220
Ikrftr nftma . 3 | Iruvāyam
. . 216 Inftm-mātniyam . 579 36 sft . __
. . 220
_____ 216 Inampatra 218
_

Ikrftr namia sftlasf _ { 579

Inftmpatrak
. .
. 218
l4 | Isamuvāripattt
l6 | Isanne . .
.
.
220
220
Ikrftrnftma sipurdagi . . 579 Inampattf . . 218 l9 | Isftra . . 220
Ikshu। 215 narftsi . . 218 36 | Isftr:ः . . 220
Ikffta . 216 nftyat . . 218 38 | ishā . . 220
Iladftrawftra . 216 nftyatnama . 218 39 | ishf namtiZ . . 220
Ilatht .
!lahi-gaZ
lftka .
ilakfiditr .
Ilitkhat
01ं
.
.
.
. .
.
216
216
216
216
216
nch
Ind:trā
Indarman .
Indf . . . . .
Indra-dwftdast .
. .
.
.
218
. 291
218
218
219

1
4l l Ishftra
42 | Ishārat
I ishttsalitt
43 । Ishhātd
2 । Ishrāk
।
.
.
.
.
. . 220
. 220
220
220
220

। 28
*26
3l
 ISH IST
Page col. line Page col. Page
IshrāknamāZ . . 220 Istismāa . . 222 Jaibitā . 66l
Ishtadevatā . 220 Istrf . . . 222 Jaibsātl . . . 236
Ishtihār . . 220 Istrfwālā . . . 222 Jaibsftlf . . . . . 236
Ishtirāk . . 220 Istuva . 222 Jaibsftlf kāgad . . 236
Ishtiyāra . . . 220 Istuvu . . . 222 Jaibtāt . _ . 223
Ishtiyftranāma . 220 Isukabhttmi . 222 Jabtf . 561
Islām . . . 22() $wara . . 222 Jāchā . 223
Ism . 220 t • . . . . 219 Jāchandār . 223
ismat _ . . 220 ftakallu . . . 222 Jāchandārf . . 223
Ism-farZi। . 220 Itakkoruvan . 222 J{td-bandhaki ijatra . 580
Ism-i-far7i। . . 220 Itakuti . 222 Jaddi . ___ . 223
Ism nawisf . . 220 Itakutiyān . Jaddigamu . 223
Ismwftr . . 220 Itana . . . 579 Jadhan . . 233
IssumfurZy . . 220 ti . . . . 222 J{tdi . _ . 223
Istād . . 220 Itikāf . . . 222 Jadfd . . .
Istahār . . 220 Itilanāma . 579 Jādo . . . . . 223
Istakbal . . . . . . 221 Itilahyabee . . 680 Jaidon _ . 223
Istakbfl-tā-gftyat . . . 220 Itlāa . . 222 Jadu . . . . . . 223
Istamrār . _ . 221 222 Jadtt • . . . 223
Istamrārf . Itlāa nāma 579 223
. . 221 Jadugār . _

Istaphā . . 221 Itlāa yābf . 680 Jadyft . . . . . _ 223

Istftw6 . _____ . . 220 Itlāk . . . 222 Jadwal . . . . . . 223
Istāw6-chf patti . . 220 Itlākh . 222 Jadwal-kashi . . 223
Istāwf kaul . . . 220 Itlākhnemnttk . . 222 Jaeditd
Istemerār . 221 Itlāknavis . 222 Jaegheer
Istemerftry . . 221 Ittelā . . . 222 Jafari .
Isteyafah. . 221 Ittelānāma . " . 222 Jaffry
Istibrā . . . 220 Ittige . . . 219 Jāft1. .
Istidaā . . 220 Ittigeyava . . 219 Jag .
Istidānat . . . 221 Ittihām . . 222 Jagfः . : 2ं
Istffiः . ___ . 221 Ittike . 219 . 223
Istifi-i-asl Zamin . . . 221 Ivejitu-gaiādu . _
. 222 Jagfibhāt . 223
Istifsār . . 221 Ivumāniyam . . . 222 Jagalyā . ' ' 223
Istifsārf . . 22 I !waj . . 222 Jagalyf . 224
Istiftā . 221 waZ . . 222 Jaganbansf . . 223
Istighttsa . . . 221 fwaānāma . . 222 Jagannath। . . 224
Istihātr . 220 Iyavan . . 222 Jagannatha . . 224
Istihāru। . . 220 IZfifa . . 222 Jagat . . 224
Istiharu māma . . 220 IZāfabeshf . . 222 Jagftt. . 224
Istihkāk . . 221 I76fat . 222 Jagfttditr . . . 224
Istihlāf . . 221 IZāfatjama . . 222 Jagatf . 224
Istihlāil . . . 221 I?hār . 223 Jftgati-dāsarf
Istihlāl . . 221 I?harf . . . 223 Jagatkartt6 . . 224
Istihsān . . . 221 I?hār navis . . . 223 Jagfttyā . . . . 224
Istikfila . . 22I IZhār salāmf . 223 Jaggeri . . . 224
Istikbal . . . 221 223 Jaggory . 224
Istiklāl
Istiklālf
.
. .
.
.
221
22 I
I?n { .
580
580
Jaggree .
Jagheer . . .
.
. .
224
224
I?n-nāma
Istikrār . . 221 I?tirftri ?abh . . . 223 Jaghire . . . . 224
Istflā . . 221 ZZat . . 223 Jagfr . __
. . 224
Istflād . 221 i22at-agar . 223 Jagir-bilitshar . 225
Istimāa . . . . . . 221 Jagfrdār . . 225
Istimirārkirāmam . 22I Jagir ditrf . . 22b
Istimirftru। . . 22l Jagirdārf sanad . . 225
Istimrār . . 22I Jagfr diwfinf . . . . 225
Istimrārdār . . . 22l Jft . . 224 Jagfr-ghair-mashrttt . . . 225
Istimrftrf _ . 221 J6 . Jagfr-i-ahshām . 224
Istimrārf-dihāt . . . 221 Jaib Jfigfr-i-amfr ul Umrā.
Istimrārf-jama . 22I J{tb . 223 Jagir-i-bakhshf ' ः।। 22ं
Istimrftrf-jot . . . 221 J{tb . . Jagir-i-nawftrā . . 225
Istimrftrf mātlguZār . . 221 Jabfib . . Jagfr-i-sar .
Istimrārf pattā .
Istfmrārf pattād{tr
Istirdād
Istirdād-i-nflām
Istishhād .
Istisnā . _____

647
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
221
221
222
222
222
506
Jabitbu . .
Jab:tbudāru .
J{tb:tli
Jaban .
Jabata
Jabdi . '. । 223 । Jfigfr-i-sarkār
Jagir-i-sfr .
Jagfr-i-tan
Jagir-i-thanajat ।
J{tgfr-i-7ftt
Jagir khidmati • .
. .
.
.
.
'. : 225
. 226
226
225
225
225
 JAG JAL JAM
Page Page eol, line Page col.
J{tgfr mahāl . . 225 ; J{tlā . . . 227 44 Jamādi-ul-akhir . 230 l
Jagfr mashrttt . Jālā . . . 227 ! 21 Jamādi-us gāni . 230 l
Jagir-pāfkftn . Jalād . . . . 227 Jamāf . . . 228 2
Jfigfr sanad . Jaladārf . . 226 Jamāi . 230 l
Jagfr saranjitmf . Jaladivya . . . 226 Jamā-i-hftsil . . . 228 2
Jagfr sharif . Jalagadugu। . 226 Jama jhartf . 228 2
Jfigir siyur-ghftl Jalagāra . . . 226 Jama kadfm . . . 228 2
Jfigl6 . Jalagāragutta . . 226 Jama kamal . 229 l
Jaglātin Jalāli6. . . 227 Jama kāmil . . . 229 1
Jaglf J{tlan . . 227 Jama kāmil tumāri . . १229 ।।
Jagory . Jalāri . . . 226 Jamā kharch . . 229 1
Jagttlf Jalāsa . . . . . 226 Jama kul . 229 1
Jahāgfr . . Jalasankalpa . . 226 Jaman . . . . . . 559 l
Jahannam . _
Jalātwatf . 227 Jama mahal badraka . 220 1
Jahān-panfth . . Jalchar . . 226 Jamā mahātl mir-behri . 229 1
JaheZ . ___
Jalchhatra . . 226 Jama masjid . 230 l
Jahgfr . Jailchaukift . 227 Jama-mofassil . 229 I
Jfthgfr-amal . 224 Jalgaiya . __
. 227 Jama mufassal . . 229 1
Jahim . . 225 Jalganda . . . . . 226 Jama mukarrari . 229 I
Jaihfr Jalhft . . . . 226 Jama munāsib . 229 I
JahiZ . _
Jali . . . 226 Jama nākis . . . 229 1
Jahnusaptamf . Jaili . . 227 Jama nawis . . 229 2
Jfti . Jaligutta . . . 227 Jama pādshāhf . . . 229 2
J{tf . . . Jalft . . . 227 Jama panchautra . . 229 2
Jaibandi . Jalft bakf . . 227 Jama parganātf . . . 229 2
Jaine . Jalft-khat . . 227 Jamft partf . . 580 l
Ja-f . J{tliyā . . . 227 Jamā pautf . . 580 1
Jaichf Jalkā . . 226 Jama rakmf . 229 2

Jaiditd Jalkāgha? . 227 Jamā raiyatf . . 580 l

580
Jalkar
227 Jama sadr . . , 229 2
Jaiditd ghair mankttla . . 225 } 680 Jama sudder . 229 2
Jaidād istimrftrf Jalkhāyā . 227 J{tmātt . . 230 l
Jaidād mankttla . . 225 Jallād . 227।। Jama taksfm. . 229 2
Jaidād maurttsf . . . 226 Jalm . . 227 Jemātdar . 230 1
J{tidād Zamin . . 226 Jalma . _ . . 227 Jamittf . 230 I
Jaffa . . 226 Jalmandir . . . . 227 Jamātu . _ . 230 I
JaiheZ . 580 Jalmārg . . . 227 Jama tumārf . . . . . 229 2
Jaifl . . 226 Jalotsarg . . 227 Jama tumārf kāmil . . 229 2
Jain . . 226 Jalpad . . . 227 Jama tumārf tashkhis . 229 2
Jaina . . . 226 Jalp:te . 227 Jama wftsil bāki . . 229 2
Jāfs . . 226 Jalpāf . . 227 Jama wasttl bakf . . 229 2
Jaiswār . . 226 Jalpftn . . 227 Jama Zamfn . 229 2
Jaiswarft . 226 JalsāZ . . . 227 Jama Zamfndarf . . 229 2
Jaitf . . 226 JalsftZi . 227 .Jambagutta . . 230 l
“ Jaiwār . . 226 Jaltarpan . . . 227 Jambudwipa . 230 l
JatiZ . . 226 Jalthal . . 227 Jftmdār . . 230 l
Jajali . 236 Jalumānā . . 233 Jatmdār khānāt . . . 230 l
Jajan-jitjan . . 580 Jaltts . . 227।। Jame . . .227 2
Jajmān . . 226 Jaltisf . . . 227 Jamed-6lu। . 230 l
Jakar . . . 231 Jalwa . 2:}9 Jami 230 l
Jakftt . 226 Jam . . . . . . . 227 _ 562 2
Jakāt . . . 502 Jama . . 227 Jamidātr . . 502 2
Jakfttdātr
Jakftti .
Jakāyatf. .
. .
.

.
226
226
226
Jamā . ____

Jama batdshāhf .
Jamabandi . . . .
. . 227
. 229
. 228
Jamidār .
A
Jamin .
.

_
. . 602
}230
562
2
l
2
।
. . 226 Jamabandf 228 230 ।।1
Jakāyatiguttige ___
}
Jakeredhātnya .
Jakeri . . . .
Jakeri khane . .
.
.
226
226
226
Jamābandf khfts .
Jamabandi-nakdi
Jamabandf-pattf .
. 228
. . 228
. 228
J{tmin

__
Jftmin .
_

% 562
। 230 2I
562 2
।
Jamfndar
Jakfri .
Jakur
Jal .
- - -
_ . .

. .
.
226
231
226
Jamabandf-tashkhts
Jamabandf-tirappu .
Jamabastf-tashkhis .
228
. 228
. 228
Jamfndar .
Jamindarf .
. .
.
. 562
502
604
2
2
l
।
J{tl . 227 Jamaberfj . 228 J{tminf. . . 562 2
Jal . . 227 Jamachandina . . . 228 Jaminf . 562 2
Jala . . 226 Jamadftr . 230 Jaminjhād6 . . 237 2
Jala . . 226 Jamādehāttf . . . 228 Jaminjhārft . :)64 2
J{tla . ___ . 227 Jamādi-ul-awal . 230 Jaminjumla . . 604 2
648
 JAM JAN

Page Page Page

Jamin navis . 564 J{tnishin . . 23l Jao . 236
Jamin nfs . 564 Janjitli _
. 236 Jāraja . . . . . . 233
Jamfn-sirastā . 564 Janjarbandt jāmin . 562 Jarāyatf guttige . . 240
Jamfnujhādi . . 664 Janjfr . . . 231 Jarbabu . . . 23b
Jamfnu-jhaditi . . 564 Janjira . . 564 Jarelā . 233
•Jāmfn kadabā . 562 231 Jarethā . . 233
Janjfr jāminf . 564 Jarh . . 233
Jāmin-katapā . . 562
Jamfnkf . . 562 Janjfr6 . . 231 Jarhan . . 233
Jamlogf . 580 Jankar. . . 23l Jairf . . 233
Jamma . . 227 Janm . 231 Jart-amal . 233
Jammautā . . 230 Janma _ . . 23l
Jarfb .
233
Jamnauttā . . 230 Janmabhttmi . . 232 } 580
Jamog . . . . 230 Janmādhikāran . . . 232 Jarfbftna . 233
Jamogdār . . 230 Janmādhikārf . . 232 Jartb-beshf . . 233
Jamognāma . . . 580 Janmadina . . 232 Jarfb-bhaunria . 680
Jamok . 580 Janmadravyam . 232 Jarib-chitthā . . 580
Jamowa . . 230 Janmakāran . . . 232 Jāribhttmi . . 233
Jampaun . 238 Janmakāvan . 232 Jartbf . . . 233
Jamttat . . . . . 230 Janmakoshtt . . 580 Jarfbiftn . . . 233
Jamun . 230 Jammakoru . . 580 Jarfb-kamf . . 233
Janāb . . 230 Janmakudiyān . . . 23l Jarfb-karanf . 233
Janāf sadka ' . 230 Janmakolunavan . . 232 Jarib-kash . . 233
Janājāt . . 230 Janmalagna . . . 232 Jarib-kashf . . 233
•Janaloka . . . 230 Janmam ___ . 232 Jarib kharch . . 233
Janam . . 23l Janmapanay-elluta . 232 Jarfb-khardā . . . . 580
Janāna . . 564 Janmapatra . 232 Jarfb-mauktifi . . . . 233
Jananf . . 230 Janmapatrfk6।। . . 232 Jarfb-tambitku। . 233
Janar Janmaponnajam . . 232 Jaribu . . . 233
JanāZa . . 230 Jammāshtamf . . 232 Jaribu। . 233
Janch . 230 Janmavāda . . 232 Jārf-chitu। . . 233
Jandaulfft . . 230 Janmdravyam . . 232 Jarida . 233
Jande . 230 Janmf . . . 232 Jārf-inftmu . _ . . 233
Jandewu . . . 230 Janmidosam . . . 232 Jftrf initmukāniki . 233
Jandrā - . 230 Janmf mārftttam . . 232 Jarfmah . . . 233
Janeo . . . 230 Janmkār . . . 232 Jarimānā . 233
Janett . 230 Janmkudian . 232 Jaripaikā . . 233
Jangal . . . 230 Janm-kolunavan . . 232 Jarf-rupaiya . 233
Jangāl . 231 Janmpanay-elluta . 232 Jarfta . . . 233
Jangfil . . . . . 231 Janmponnajam . . 232 Jarkul . 234
Jaingāl bandhā . . 231 Jānsā _ . 580 Jārmulāsik . . . 234
Jangal huri . . 231 Jant . . 232 Jarr . . 234
Jangalburi tāluk . . 23l Jantā . . 232 Jairr . . 234
Jangalf . . . 231 Jante . _ . . 232 Jarwf . . 234
Jangal mahāl . 231 Jantebaduku . . 282 Jāsā . . 580
Jangal tari . . 231 Jante-kaikāgada . . 232 Jasāwar . . 234
Jangal turee . . . 23l Janteg . 232 Jasftwat . . . 234
Jangam . . 231 Jāntlf . . . 232 Jashn-i-waZan . . 234
Jangam . 231 Jantr . 232 Jāsti ___ . . 234
Jangama 231 Jantra . . . 232 Jāstihuttuvali . . 234
Jangama . . 23l Jantramantra . 232 Jftsti-pattf . . . . 234
Jangar . . 231 Jantranā . . . . . . . 232 Jāsti sfiguvali . . 234
Janghā . 231 Jantrf . 232 Jāsttd . . . 234
Janghal6।। 'ं ? ँ Jantrfbahf . . 232 J:tsttdf . 234
Janghārā . . . . 231 Jantrfkitāb . . 232 Jāsttdpattf . . 234
Janghttlaru - • . . 23l Janukttliaru . . . 232 Jastts . 234
Jangi . . . . . . 23l Jantttttrwa . . 232 Jat . . . 234
Jangf kattubadi . . 231 Janwar . . 232 Jait . 234
Jangl6 - - " . . 231 Janwaria . 233 Jāt . . . 234
Janglf • - - - ' ं ?ं JainweZ . . . 230 Jat . 234
Jangrf - - - 231 Jāp _
. 235 Jftta . . 234
Jangulf . ___ Japht-amfnu। . . 562 Jatā . . . 234
Janguligāra • • '। 2ंi Japhttpatta . . 502 Jata . . . . 243
. 231 Japtf . . 561 Jātābāki .
Jangulikan . _

. 23I Jātaka . 234

Jang-Zargari • Japtidār . ___
. 562
Jainibain . 231 Jarftim-khafffa . . 233 Jfttakarma . . 234
Jānibdār - • . 231 Jarftim sangin . 233 Jaitar . . 236
Janikarshak _
' ं ?āi Jarftitā . . . . . . 233 Jātara . . . 236
649
 JAW JHI
Page Page col. Page ' eol. line
Jfttāsaucha . . 234 Jawftlf . . . 236 Jhabur . 237 1 35
Jfttavyavahāra . . 234 Jawan . 236 Jhād . 237 1 41
J{ttbhāi . Jawanf . 236
. . Jhād6।। . . 237 1 44।
J{ttbhātt
Jawanpttrif। . 236 Jhād6 . . 237 2 8
Jatgot Jawftr . . . 236 Jhādan . . . 237 2 5
Jāth
Jathā
J{ttf
Jati

Jatisankara .
Jatjagfr .
Jaitjamāt .
J{ttkā .
Jfttkarma .
___

Jfttigegottugftra
Jatimukaddam ।2_ Jawār
Jawār .
Jawftra .
Jawarf
Jawārf
Jawāsā
Jaw62
Jay
Jay
Jaya .
Jayā .
. .

. .

. .
. .
.
.
.

.
.
.
236
236
236
236
236
236
236
236
236
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236
Jhadatā
Jhādb6iki
Jhādekarf
Jhādgal .
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Jhaditi
Jhādpattf .
Jhadtf
Jhādft .
Jhagari . .
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.
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. 237
. . 237
. 237
. 237
237
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231

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237
237
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22
19
2I
29
31
।।
3

Jattlf .
Jhajhalka . . . . 237 2 32
J{ttmuchalkā
Jāyā . . 236 Jhajharka . . 237 2 32
Jāyā . . . 562 Jhākarf . 237 2 34
Jfttpāt Jayantt . . 236 Jhakuree . 237 2 34
J{ttra Jayapatra . 236 Jhalār . . 237 2 35
}
Jatr6 .
Jatrfinf .
Jātrf . . .
Jattrf dabbi .
J:ttsaranjam
Jātsaranjam jāgfr
__

' ं
।I2। Jāybabf
Jayf .
Ja?ar .
JaZia
JazZiah .
Jebeka .
J6danu।
. .

. .

. .
.
.
.

.
236
236
236
236
236
580
236
Jh{tli . .
Jhām .
Jhamāka
Jhamajham .
Jhamarjhamar
Jhamjham
.
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. .
.
.
237
237
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237
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237
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।41।।
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44
42
Jatti
Jhāmp . 238 1 ।।
_
Jee . . . 239 Jhāmp6 . . . 238 1 6
Jatti .
Jattige
Jattihidata .
Jatti k{tlaga .
Jattf kusti .
Jattf mullu
Jātu।
Jatttā

Jau .

Jauchani
Jauhar .
Jauhar
Jauhari
Jauharift
Jaulie .
Jaunftl
Jaunal
•Jaunār .
Jaunchi
' ं;
' ः ं,
Jeebka
Jeeta .
Jeeta .
Jeetera .
Jeewatam
Jehar
Jejitl .
Jel
Jeli।
Jelka
Jelkhāna .
Jelcora .
Jemmy
Jenm
Jendrft
Jenuguttige
Jeonār
Jeor6।।
Jeorf .
.

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Jhāmpān
Jhandā
Jhanda patti

Jhandttlā .
Jhāngf .
Jhanjar
Jhanji6 .
Jhankhrā .
Jhānsa
Jhaoo .
Jhar .
Jhār .
Jhātr .
Jhārā .
Jhāraja .
Jhāran .
Jhāran .
•

Jhander puttey .
Jhandf .

. 238
. . 238
. . . 288
.
.

.
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. . 238
. 238
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18
19
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44
31

43
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Jereef khurda . . . 580 Jharberf . . 238 2 8

Jaunrft
Jerree . . . 233 Jhareja . . 238 1 31
Jaut Jeshtootter . . 581 Jhārekari . . . 28S l 45
Javali Jeth . . 237
Javalikāra
Jhārf . 237 2 3
Jethā . 237 Jhāri . . 238 2 15
Javalipendi . . Jethānf . . 237 Jharota . . 238 2 16
Javullee . Jethāns . 237
. Jhartf . 237 2 21
Jawftb Jethāt . . . 237 Jhartfparti . . 238 2 4
Jaw{tb-i-dawf . 235 Jethf . . . 237 Jhāru। . 238 2 6
Jawfibr f-humdi. Jethrafyat . 237 Jharui।
Jawftb-i-mttjibat . . 238 2 ।?
237 Jhāryā . 238 ।। 45
Jawftbf-sawftlf . Jethundft .
580 Jhatffina . . . 238 2 21
Jawftb-i-n?r . Jetti . . 235 Jhau . . 238 2 93
Jawftb-i-wajahat . . 236 Jew6 . . 237 Jhāvinagastf .
Jawftbs{tl . . . 238 2 29
Jewuneeteep . . 241 Jhāvu . 238 2 98
Jawfibsfilf - -_ . Jewftr . . 237 Jhaw6 .
Jawfib-sawftl . 238 2 26
. . ं; Jewcotte . . 24 I Jhātwar . . 238 2 30
Jawftb-sawftlf . . 236 JeZia . 236 Jhendapatti . . . 28S 1 13
Jawfibu ditrudu। . 235 Jhatbar
_ _

. . 237 Jhentuyāniya . . . 28S 2 3६

Jawatb-ul-jawfib . . 23ं) Jhabrā . 237 Jhi . . .
050 . . . 23S 2 34
 IIIr NOf
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छaduoपp * ' * 686 uguu!!r * ` ` 983 AJP * IPaं
!+duoपr * 686 ध्रI!p * 68aं धA!p ___ * * IFaं
घ!छuoपr * * 68aं uछiघAg[!p * * 68a धigप५!ApaAjp * []7a
!पii!पo-भ्रूणैioपr’ * ।।' 686 !uछiuAg{!p * * 683 agāधAJp * * Faं I
घ!श्रृणoपp * * 68aं BAI!p * 6{:6 IBA!p IE%
प्रduoपr * * 68aं ध्रuu!p * * 0paं _ 089
प्रपooपr’ * 686 प!p * ’ * 0paं घxघAJp ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ haं I
aapuooपr’ * 686 घu!p * * 0Fa। !पioxBAJp ’ ‘ ’ ’ ‘ ’ Fa 'ा
9ंiuooपp * " * 686 !suu!p * भa!५ण्घAJr’ * * * IPaं
-muiuooपp * 682 uagA!suu!p धपश्aI ’ ‘ ’ ’ 0pa djiJuBAJp * * ’ ‘ Pa; I
iooपp * * 683 nseu!p * 07िaं ध्रंx!AJP * II’aं
पiooपr’ * 68aं १छAgu!p * * 0ba uuछa!AJp * * IPaं
छdoपp * * * 68aं !ण्rgāapu!p * * L99 ८ Jध्रुAJp ’ ‘ ’ ‘ * IPa;
प्रadoपp * 68aं !ंupu!p ’ ।।' L99 ॐ पाrguघsiuघAJr * ’ ‘ pa; I
-toपr * IFaः aā!pu!p * * 1,9g nuuAAjp * * * IPaं
प्रaoपr * * 6{:aं atāu!p * 0baं घ!Z!p ’ * IFaं
a१oपr * * 089 aBपu!p * 0]7aं !19up * * * 08g
धAoपp ` 88a stu!p * * 0Faं Iधop ’ ‘ ॐpā
nstu!p * 0f& घop + * * 98aं
aampnपr’ * * |८,83 Auum!!u!p * * paं I भreop ’ * * 9{:a;
प्रAxnपr’ ' ' 686 At.n!!ujp * IFaं
Jaxunपp Aammmd
_

’ * * 88aं nxu!p * ’ ‘ 0Fa; [uudop . . * } 099

#ं
aauadamपr’ ’ * * * * 88aं sधuu!p * 0Paं ध्रंor * * IFaं
१nपp * “ * * ोः8aं धugपृxsBuu!p * * * 0Paः !)op * * IFa;
छuumnपr * * * 88aं agwsBuu!p * * 0Paं aārpop * * IPa।
१छuu!p * * 0]*८ uuuAuguuaāpop * 089
ध्रपणuपr’ * 686 stuu!p a०१५घ2 * * 0ी7aं !)op ugu! * * paं I
68a घ.Judup * 0baः tpop uaAugum * * 089
भ्र[प्9पr’
} 089 su!p * * 0baं !pop !ट9a। Buugu * * * 089
uघं[mपp प्रsu!p * 0Faः 'gxpop ’ * * * paं I
tuघInपp 9amg * * * 68aं ![9छ्-!-su!r’ * * 0P2 १9dgxां)op * * ’ * IPaं
!ा!)पr’ * * 683 9upछ-!-su!p * * * 0Fa; npop * paः I
puyपp * * * 6{:aं I!ugx--su!p * * ’ 0paः iिop * * * haं I
प्रpu)पr’ ‘ ’ *’ ‘ * * 6{;aं do1--su!p धugपभ्रं * 0Pa #op _ * IPaं
पपog५-प्रpupपr’ ‘ * * 683 घ।धaघaछAsu!p * 0[*द्वं uuAuguuaāop * IPaः
9āupपr’ * * 68aं +gAsu!p * _ * 0]73 aaāop * * IPaं
+घं[unपp * * 68aं पप्रs!प-!agAsu!p * * 0ो7a। aaपंiop * “ “ * haं I
iunपp * * * 68aं प्रpuu५छ्tuu[+}Asu!p * " " 868
Juपiunपp ’ ‘ 6{:a; rgwsu!p प्रणngaधपx * 0Pa। !#op _ _
} I99
#ं
!iunपp * * * 683 छAsu!p + aauAoJanपश् * * * 0paं atāop ’ * IIःaं
प्रd9पr
पr ) - ' '
* 682
68aः
पघाIm1anAsu!p *
;i५ध2-sup *
* 0pā
* 0paं
aघपृop ##
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p प्रipt ’ ‘ ` * 6{:aः +ध्रAu!p * * 38aं uधxop ’ ’ ‘ IPa;
भ्रघण्टsuiyur * 686 o!p _____ * II’aं पxop * * II’aः
पipपr * * * 688 १Buप्रa!p ‘ ’ ‘ * Jध्रपश्[op * * IPaं
प्रपं)पr * 686 १!प्रa!p _ * 0pa Bपुop uu * * II’3
प्रपipपr !:BAttā * * * 68aः 0]*८ u!पश्[op * IFa;
प्रभ!!}a!p _

}
*J[छप-प्रपभ!)पr * 68aं 089 Iop * IFa;
uधप!!)पr’ * * 68a Buuusgu!p n[ou ध[op * * 3Fa
I!!}}पipur * 68aं १ध्रa!r’ * * 0paं प्ाor’ * IPaं
[aAgasupoपi9पr “ * 683 1घAga!p * * 0paं aaāछuop * :* IP2
!nnपr * _ * 688 Bu!p JaBA !aघुधuop ’ ’ ’ ’ * IFaं
n4nपr’ * 686 JnuAgu!p aāmmā * 0paं !ंiuguop _ _ _ _ _ __7िa I
uछंiosnuimपp ’ ‘ 68aं भla!।' ___ ’ ’ {:aः ] uधxuop * ’ ‘ IFa;
!p - - - - - • * ’ 68aः १!r * 0paं धuuop * * 3Faं
Ig0
 JON JUM KAB
Page e_0l. Page eol. Page _eol.

Jonnalu . . 242 Jummam . 231 Jtttabhātu . . . 243

Jooa . . 242 Jumma musjeed . 230 Jutajuti . . 243
Jooaree . . 242 Jumnum Jttth। . . 243
Joola . . 244 Jundra Jtitha. . 243
Joom - . 242 Jungee . Juthālf . . 243
Joomia . . 242 Junghāra . Juthelf . . 243
Joon - . 581 Jungle यः । 2ं0 Jttthwar . . . 243
Joona . . 242 Jungra Jtttf . 242
Joora . 242 Jungul . Jtttifil . . . 243
Jooree . . 243 Junm . Jtttikārf . . 243
Jooremaree . 242 Junmu Jtitf khor . 243
Joos-oo-kool . . 243 Juntr muntr . Jtitimār . . 243
Joot . . 243 Junum JuZ . 243
Jooth . 243 Junwar। JuZ-o-kul . . . 243
Jor . Juptee Jwfil6 mukhf . . 243
Jorā .
Jorā . . . .
Jorftwar bhttm
Jori
Jorf .
Jori-inām
Jorkā
Joru.
Josi .
Joshf
Jot

Jotā -
Jotā
Jot6 . .
Jotadār .
•Jotan .
Jotāl
Jotār
Jotdār
Jote
Jotf
Jotfa

Jotjama
Jotishi .
Jotyā;
Jou .
. ‘’’’’ •ं
. .

_
.
. .

. .
. .
.
.

_
.
- .
.
.

. .
.
.
}
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
241
242 ।
242
241
242
241
241
242
243
242
242
580
242
242
581
242

242
242
242
242
242
242
242
587
243
242
236
Jupht .
Jureeb
.J ureedu।
Jureemanu .
Jureeta
Jurhun .
Jurwee
Juswār .
Jut .
Jut
Jutur .
Jutranee
Juwalee .
Juwar
Juwaree .
•Iuwaru .
Juwasu।
JuwaZ
JuZea

Jttā
Ju6 .
Jttāchor .
Juāl
Juārf .
Jtigād-gaur
Jugf .
.

.
' ं

: 236

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
242
242
242
242
242
242
242
Jyaishtha .
Jyaishtt .
Jyarum
Jychee
Jydaad
Jye . .
Jyeshtha .
Jyeshtha.
Jyeshhftnsa
Jyeshthottara .
Jyotisha .
Jyotishf .
Jytee .
Jyu

Kaba .
K6bit .
Kabitd
K{tb:td .
Kabftda .
Kftbadftra
Kabadf .
K{tbatdf . .
K6b:td khot
Kabitd khotf .
. .
.
. .
.
. .
.
. .
.
. .
.
. .
.
.
.

.
. .
.
. .
.
. .
.
. .
.
. .
243
243
243
226
225
225
243
243
243
581
24:B
243
226
58l

243
243
243
243
243
244
243
243
244
244
।
Jounāl . 235 Jttla . 242 Kabaj . . 244
Jowal . . 242 Julfthā . . 242 Kabitla . . . . . 244
•Jowar Jttlf . . 242 Kab{tladār . . 214
Joys . 242 Jttm . . 242 Kabftr . . . 243
Jttma . ____ . . 242 K{tbār . 244
Jumādi-ul-6wal . . 208 Kabar . . . 244
Jubt . K{tb{trf .
Jumādi-us-5ani . . . 208 . 244
Jubtee .
Jumagf . . 242 Kabbināgftma . . 244
Judhun . Jumah . . 242 Kabbinah{tlu - . 244
Judwul Jumarāt . . 242 Kabbinā-lemane . . 244।
Juggernaut Jumi . . 58l Kabbinarasa . . . . . 244।
Jujman Jttmia . 242 Kabbina vārada kandatya . 244
Jul Jumlat . . 2-12 Kabbu। . . 244
Julalea Jttn . 681 Kabfl . 244
Julasu। Jtinā K{tbfn .
. . 242 . 244
Julchur Junnu। . 242 Kabfnnāma . 244
Julkur .
Jurā . . 242 Kabfrāj . . 244
Julpan Jttrft . . 242 Kabiso . . 244।।
Julpud . 227 Juremātrf . . . 242 Kabita . . 244
Julturpun Jttrf . . 243 Kabju। . 250
Julthul . Jttt . . . . 243 Kabooleat
•Jumadar . Jtitā . Kaboolet
. 243
Jumma .
Jtttā , . . . 243 Kabr .
Jummaee . Jtitā .. . 2-13 " : 2ij
Kabr-salāmf
 KAB KAD
Page Page Page col.
Kabttl . . 244 Kadachttu . . 246 Kāfila . . . 247 2
Kabttla . . 244 Kadai . . . 240 Kāfila sālār. . 247 2
Kabulatt . . 244 Kadaikāram Kāfir . . . 247 2
Kabulāyat . 244 Kadaiyfdu। KaffZ . . . . . 247 2
Kabulfyat . Kādā kartā KaffZ tahān . . . 247 2
Kabttl-jawab . . 244 Kadale Kāg . . . 58] I
Kabttl-karitr . . . . 244 Kadalf . Kāgad . . . 248 I
Kabttl-kataba . . . . 244 Kadam Kāgada . 248 1
Kabttl katapā . . 244 Kitdam . Kāgada patra . . 248 l
Kabttl kutba . . 244 Kadamai . Kāgada yāta . 569 2
Kab? . . . . . . 244 Kadam bosf Kāgadf . 248 1
Kab7-ul-wasttl . . 244 Kadam-i-rastil . Kagaj . 248 I
Kabi? . 244 Kadam patra . Kāgajf . 248 I
Kacha . . . 244 Kadan . Kagar . 247 2
Kacha . . 245 Kadanapatra Kagara . . 247 2
Kachahrf . . 24ā Kadanchfttu . K{tgha? . . . . 248 I
Kachanf . . 245 Kadankāran __ Kfigha? bahā . . 248 I
Kachār . . 245 Kadan koduttawan . Kagha?i . . . . . 248 1
Kācharaf Kadapā . Kfigha?-i-khām . 248 I
Kachcha . . . 245 Kadappu . Kaghid . . 248 I
Kachchā . 245 Kadārambam . Kitghi? . . . 248 l
Kachchā {tmdani . . 24b Kadarnaibh gudde Kāh . . 248 ।।1
Kachchft aml . 245 Kadatta . . . _ 248 1
K{than 581 1
Kachchā asāmf . . . 245 Kadatam _____

Kachchabalanf . 245 Kadattu kadava . K{thān . 248 1

Kachchabalanny . . 245 Kadattu kāran . Kahār . . . 248 1
Kachchitballunny . . 245 Kadegāla Kahrākāt . 581 1
Kachchabekenny Kadegftlada-pairu . Kai . . . 248 l
Kachcha daulu Kadekula Kāf . . . . 272 1
Kachchājamabandi : 2ं K{tdhā . Kaibadalu। . . 248 1
Kachchā khardu . Kadhami Kai-baraha . 248 l
Kachchakkanaka . K{tdhāodh Kaibartta . . . 249 l
Kachchalf Kadhuā . Kaichit . . 581 - 1
Kachchalika . Kadi . Kai-chfttu। . . 248 1
Kachchāmitf Kadf . Kaid . . 249 I
Kachchāseru Kadigattu। Kāida . . . 249 I
Kachchat . . '। 58i। Kadfm . ___
Kaidastu . 248 1
Kachchātahgfl . Kadfm-al-ayām . Kaidat . 249 l
Kachchā-upaj . Kadfm dihwal . Kaidharmam . 248 1
Kachchawatam . Kadfm dihvarttf Kaidf . _ . . 249 1
Kachchavatakāran . Kadfmf . Kaidkhāna . . 249 ।।1
Kachcherā . . 24ā) Kadimiraiyat Kaifiat . . . . . . . 249 I
Kachchi kamatvisf Kadfr .. . . . . Kaifiat-i-band-0-bast . 249 2
Kachchi katt6 Kadir madapgal . Kai-gada . . . 248 l
Kachchili। Kadfr por : ंi। K6fgadde . 249 2
Kachchha Kaditam . Kfifgānu . . . 249 2
Kacherf . Kaditamu Kai-guruttu . . 248 2
Kacheli . Kadjan . Kai-kāgada . . . 248 2
Kachhaharf . Kadkhudā . Kai kāghaZ . . . 248 2
Kachhārf Kadle . _
Kai kāmil . . . 248 2
Kachhar . . Kādpāp-mānyam . Kai kānam . 248 2
Kachhaura . Kadtā . Kaikānam kāran . . 248 2
K{tchhf Katdu .
Kachhiftr Kadtt . Kaikftnam pāttam ं; ई
Kachhwa . . Kaftat Kaikāran . 248 2
Kachhwala . . . Kaffilat . . . . . Kaikkilan . 248 2
Kachhwār . . Kaftlat bil dirk . Kaikkilawan . 248 2
Kachhwārā . Kaftlat bil māl . Kai k6la . . . 248 2
Katchf . . Kaffilat-bin-nafs . Kai kttli . 248 2
Kāchfmudat Kaftlat māma Kail . . . . . 249 2
Kachis6।। Kafal kār Kailasftmiwari-6warjit . . 249 2
K:tcho Kaftra . . Kaildār . . 249 2
Kachwansf Kafeel kar . Kailf . . 249 2
Kādā . Kaffa . Kailfman . . . 249 2
Kada . Kafftrat . Kail pechchu . . 249 2
Kadā . . K6fil Kailu . . . 249 2
Kādā . . ___ '. । 58i। Kaffl . ' : 2ji। Kailudāru . . . 249 2
653
 KAL KAIL
Page col. Page col. Page col.
K6fm . Kalaigar . . Kālf . . . . 262
Kaimal .
Kai-matal । Kalakkar . Kalf . . . 252

Kaimapenktiru
Kaimkan .
Kāimmakām .
Kaini .
Kalakrayam
Kalākriyāpatra
Kalāl .
Kalālf . .
___
। Kālfbārf
K{tlibhtti .
Kitlibhttmi .
K{tlfchakram
Kalāljama . Kalfchāpaikā
Kaini
Kaimiwala
Kai-ole . .
Kai-pāda .
Kaipadaru .
Kaippādu .
Kaippanam
Kaippattu milam
Kaipporul .
Kairi .
Kāissāttu
' ः।। 2is
Kalālkhāna
Kalam
Kalam
Kalam
Kalama .
Kalama .
Kalamadi
Kalambandf .
Kalamdān
Kalame
Kalami .
Kalamige .
Kālichawasttl .
K{tlfchunkarf
Kālfjamā
Kalijtig
K{tlikā
K{tlikāvriddhi
Kalimah

Kalingal
Kaliugu .
Kalft .
Kalivāyanilam
. . .
.

_
।
Kait Kalamkāri Kalivi .
Kāft . Kalamkucharāf Kalivihana .
Kai-tappu। Kalanadai . Kaliyuga .
Kai vāda Kalangam Kaljug . .
Kai vali Kalāntar Kalkachchan
Kai-vāpya . Kalāpānf . Kalla
Kaivart Kalla .
Kalāpāti .
Karvartta Kalla
Kalapillf . .
Kai-vasya Kalappadi . Kalla . . . . .
Kai-vidu। Kalappai . . Kallachcharakka .
Kai-vidu-ottt Kalappāt Kallftdi . . . .
Kai-widu-ottf karanam . Kalappichchai Kallādi-kanakan .
Kaiyadai . Kalappu Kallakkamittam
Kaiyāta . Kalār K{tllakaranam .
Kaiyerpu . . Kalar Kallātl .
Kaj . . Kalar . Kallamu।
Kāj . Kalārf Kallamu .
Kājarf Kalari। Kallan
Kaji Kalari . . . Kallānguttu
Kāji . Kalarmedu . Kallanu।
Kajiar . Kalarnilam . . . . Kallar .
Kajja Kalasandi kattali . Kallapadi
Kaiju . Kalasf ___
Kallapura . . .
Kakā . Kalasi Kallāri। _

Kākambi . Kallaru
Kalasipttja .
Kākāpuri . Kalasisthāpana . Kallaruju।
Kakhifilf . Kalasivero . Kallasākhi
Kākf . Kalftstttrf . . 250 Kallavassum
Kākinf Kalatrf . Kallayentu।
Kākitamu . Kalattum6du Kallatrf .
Kakka . . . K{tlāvadi Kallee .
Kakkachchi . . Kalavadi . Kalli .
Kakpad Kalavara Kalli
Kākwf Kalavarakāran . Kallom .
K{tl . Kalavitsam . KallpoonZee .
K{tl Kfilavāsam Kallu।
Kal . . Kalawi Kallu .
K{tla . Kalavu Kallu
Kalā . Kalftwant Kalluf
Kala . Kalftwantin . Kallukal .
K{tlā . Kalāy Kallukelasa.
Kfilā . .
Kitlfiya Kallukutiga
Kala . . . Kalāya . Kallumatuda ayya
Kfila banjar K{tlayuktf
Kalādiha Kali . . Kalluppu
Kalaf . . K{tli . Kalmah
Kalai . Kalf . Kalmi .' । 3ं
Kalāf . ___
K{tlf . . 262
Kalpa .
65-1
 KAL KAN
Page col Page
. 275 Kāmil . Kāmam . . 266
. 392 Kāmil-aiār . Kanama . _ . . 266

Kamfn Kāmamjanm-maryfida aramya

} war . . . . 266
Kamfni bachh . ___ __
Kftnamkondavan . . 256
Kamishnar kurki Kfinamkoruvan . . . 266
Kāmkāj . Kfimampanaya-pāttam . 256
Kalwār . . Kāmkftr . . Kānam-pāttam - . . 256
Kāmkārbhār . Kfimam varam . . 256
Kam Kāmkārf . Kamanja . . 255
Kām * Kamkāsht . . Kāmapalisa . . 256
Kām Kamkholka . Kāmapāttam . . . 266
Kām . Kamkism Zamfn . Kanara . . 582
Kamāf Kaml . Kanāt . . . 266
Kamāishi Kamli Kānātchigār . 258
Kamāfshu। Kamma Kānātchigrāma . . 268
Kamātsf Kammālan . Kanaujia . 256
Kāmal . Kammāra Kāmavar . . . 26ā
Kamālākār . Kammaravādu। K6mavattam . 257
Kamālbertj Kammāravanu . Kanbatāf . . . 58l
Kamāldhārā Kammarf Kambi . 302
Kamāliama . Kammarikamu . Kanch . . . 582
Kamamdauny . Kammattam Kanchanf . 257
Kamān Kammavādu . Kancharavita . . 259
Kāmār . Kammittam Kancharf . 257
Kamardai . . Kammitta pura Kanchari . . . 259
Kamarkhulāf . Kam-o-besh . Kancharkattf . 257
Kamarkushāf Kam-o-beshi। Kancharpattf . . 267
Kāmārthi Kāmotsava . Kanche . . 257
Kāmat . Kamp Kanchekotta . . 257
Kamata . _
Kamp . Kānchkār . . 257
Kamatugādu। Kampa . . Kānchkār . 259
Kamatam Kampakotta . Kanchu . . 257
Kamatamu। Kamptt . Kanchugftr . 257
Kamatee Kamtekka Kand . . 582
Kāmāthf . Kamul . . Kand . . . . . . 257
Kāmāti . Kamul Kandāchitrada-batavāde . 257
Kāmātiganu . Kamyftbi . . Kandāchāradava . . 257
Kamāvis Kāmyakarma Kandāchārachftwftdi . 108
Kamāvishi Kamyamaranam . Kandācharadavalikāra . 257।।
Kamftwisf Kftmyasrfiddha . Kandāchātrawaja . . 257
Kamāvisf . '। 2ॐ Kan . . . . Kandam . . 257
Kamāvisdār Kām . Kandār . . 257
Kamāvisjam6।। Kan . Kandārf . . . 257
Kambakht . Kan . Kandava . . . 257
Kambal Kana . Kandavāram . . 582
Kambala Kama . _ 257
Kambalai . Kandāya 582
Kānāchi .
Kambalf Kanāchi . Kandāyam . . 257
Kambar Kanagat. Kandegah। . . 682
Kamb{tri Kanaja _
Kanderutta . 257
Kambārlu। __ Kanakacharma . Kandhara . 257
Kambattakhttdam Kanakan . Kandharā 257
Kambattam . K{tmakftran Kandhorā 257
Kambu . Kftnakauri . . Kandi 257
Kamdar Kanakf . _
Kandof 257
Kamdār . Kanakkanmāniyam Kandoleg . 257
Kāmdār Kamakkamerai . Kandolf . 257
K{tmdārf . Kamakkan Kandra . 257
Kamdast . Kandu। 257
Kamer6।। Kamakkappillai . Kandu 257
Kamgār Kamakku। Kandu 257
Kanduketta 257
Kamgarf
Kamf . Kamakkurubam __
} Kandukrushi 257
Kami6।। Kamakkussurunai . Kandttlf 257
Kamf beshi तेaf faidf _
Kānakota . Kandttmudal . 257
Kamijamin . _ Kanam Kandur 582
665
 KAN KAR
Page col. Tage eol, line
Kandttrf . . . 257 Kāns Kappam . . 260 23
Kandy • • • • . . 257 ॐ Kans . ___
Kapparagavaru .
_

. 260 26
Kame - • • - - . 257 Kansftlavādu . Kaprā . . . . . यः । 260 28
Kanekan kaltar . . . 581 Kansālf Kāpsf . . 260 29
Kangfil • • • . 257 Kansamu। Kāpu . ” : 260 8l
Kangftlam . . 257 Kānsār Kāpu . . 260 34
Kangan . . 258 Kansārf . Kar . ' : 260
Kangarivero . Kansisht . Kar . . 261
Kātiं ''' . . . . Kansya . Kar ' ः।। 26f
Kangni . . . Kantā . Kār . . 261
Kangoni K{tntā K{tr . ' ः।। 262
Kanhā . Kantā . Kara . . 260
Kanhāf . Kant6. . . Kara . यः । 262
K{tnf . . Kantāgu . '। 250 Kar6।। . 262
Kantaka . ' । 25ं) Kara . . . . " : 262
Kāni . Kantftmornawal Karā . . . . 262
Kani . Kfintā muharrir . Kara . यः । 26ं
Kani . Kantārf Kara . . . 582
Kanift . . . . Kantawan . Karfibat . . . ' : 26ं
Kāni bhagoa . Kanthā . Karachchunkam . . 260
Kani kāran . Katnthan . Karadā . . . 262
K{tnike-kāne Kanthf Karada . 262
Kftnike-kappa . Kanthi6 . Karada bittf 262
K{tnilf _
Kanthf-mahantāi . Karadige . . 262
K{tnimerai Kanti . Karadu . यः । 2ं
Kanfna . Kantfrāf-varahā . _
Kāragadde . 262
Kani-peru। Kantu . Karagapattadi . ' ः।। 26ं
Kani-sutantaram Kantupatra . Kārāgara . 262
Kaniyalan Kantt . Karaghattu। ' ः।। 2ं
Kaniyāttchi . Kānttbatb Karagrāhak . . 260
Kāmiyatchi kāran . _ Kanttjabtā Kārāgriha . ' ः।। 2ं
Kfiniyatchi māniyam Kanuju . 262
Karithf }
Kanjar . Kfintin . . . . 582
Kanjarf . Kanttnbyatirikta . Karāhidip . 582
Kanjariyu। Kantingo . Karāhidivya . . 582
Kanji T. . " Kantingoi . Karai। " : 262
Kankalātt . Kanttngofdaftar . Karai . . 262
Kankan . . . . . Kantingo-talukdār Karaikāran . ' ं ?ं
Kankana . Karai kattu . . 262
Kankftnam .
Kanwa
{ Karai-ola ' ः।। 5ं
. 582
Kankāni . Kanwfif . Karai-olai .
Kankar . . Kany . Karai pangu। ' : 26ं
K{tnkar । 260 Karai-yalan . . 262
Kankara . . . . Kanyft 262
Kankarf Karai yidu। 582
Kanyādan
Kankotrf Kanyādāna . . Karaiyolai . . 582
Kankrelā Kanyakubja . Karaj. . 266
Kankrilf . Kanyāpārigrahana K{trak . _ . 262
Kanki . Kanyāpfttrf . K{trakāl . . ' ः।। 2ं
Kanktit . Kanyftputra Karakam . . 262
Kankuri Kanyāsulkam . 582 K{trakār . ' ः।। 2ं
Kanna Kanyāsuta . . . Karakasft . . . . . 262
Kannabftwulu Kanyāvarama Karakasā-bhttmi . . 262
Kannadakali KanZ . . . . Karakaterige . 263
Kannagftr Kftp. . . Karal . 582
Kannam . . Kāpadi K:trālan . 263
Kannar . Kapale . . . . Karam . 264।।
Kannarru। _
Kapali __
Karamam . . . • . . 204
Kannavittimane Kapar . Karambai . . 263
Kanni Kapari . Kārāmbi . . . 263
Kanni . . . . . Kap{ts . Karambu . 263
Kannivayākkftl . Kapftsfft . Karamchftrf . . . 264
Kfinom _
Kapile Karamkār . . 682
Kanoo . . . Kfipnātwal . Karamoriva . . . . . . 260
Kanoon . . _
Kapoo . __
264
Karamwero 582
Kanoongo . . . . Kappa . . .
Kftnphattajogf . Kappada-hama . ' Karan - - - ___ . 203
656
 KAR KAR KAR
Page col. line Pag a Page line
K{tran . 263
l9 | Karde . . 583 K{trktin _ . 261
Karama . . . 203 l7 । Kare . . 262 K{trktindaftar . . ॥ 58a
Karanam . 263 43 | Kareegur . . . 261 Kārkunf . . . 261
Karanam . . . . . 263 I9 | Karekattavāru . 262 Karl . . 264
Karanam . . . . . . 263 27 | Kargāh . . 261 Karm . . 264
Karamam-attipet-ola . . . 203 I2 | Kargith . . 583 Karma . 264
Karamam-kāyavidu-otti . 203 261 Karmāchātrf . . 264
Karamam kudima nfr . . 263
ं Kargāhf 583 Karmakāra . ' : 26f
Karanam kudima nfr matal 203 8 | Karh . . 264 Karmmakāran . 264 23 .
Karanam ottf kampanam . 208 5 | Karhai . . 264 Karnavatf . ' ः।। 5ं l8 “4”14a। 26}.,’
Karanamu . . 263 27 | Karhor . . 583 Karnawedha . . 264 37
Karamappira . 203 l6 | Karhu . . K{trnaven . 263 21
2l | Karhttā . . 264 Karodā . 264 40
Kāranavan 263
_ _ 582 37 | Kari। . . 247 Karor . . . 297 43
Karancha . 263 24 | Kari . . . 27I Karorf . . . 297 45
K{tranda . . . 26l l8 | Karfah . . . . . . 264 Karoory . . 298 1
Kāranf . 261 20 | Karfb . . . . 264 KitrpardāZ . . 682 15
Karāni . . . 263 40 | Karfgar . . 26I Karpāsa . . 264 42
Karanfka . 263 28 | Karigarf . 261 Kftrpāsa . . . . 264 42
Karanikam . . 263 32 | Katrikā . . 204 Karraima . . 266 1
Karanika varttana .. 263 36 | Karikatana . . 583 Karral . . 582 32
Karāniyā . . . . . . . 27l 18 | Kārikāvriddhi . . . 204 Karru। यः । 26ā 3

Karanjitchi-bij-gutta . . 203 26 | Karimeyan . . 264 Karsa . . 583 21

Karāntf _ . . 263 28 | Karimeyaru . 264 Kārsaf . 266 4
Karapanee . . 278 2l | Karimpattan . 264 Kārsāf . . . 265 4
Karār . . . 263 29 | K{trindah . . . 262 Kārsājf . . 261 31
Karar . 263 4I l K{trinttn . 264 Karsal ?
Karārf _____ . . 582 30 | Karirapatra . . 583 Karsān . ं ?ji। 0
Karār-i-jama dahs:tla . 263 3l | Karisa . 265 KārsfiZ . _ . 261 27
Karār nāma . . 263 35 | Karisten . 261 30
Karār sagbadi . . 263 37 | Kāriya . 261
KarsāZf } 582 17
Karftr-vāk . . 263 89 | Karfyagar. . . 582 Karsha . 265 10
Karātf . . 263 28 | Kāriyakkāran . . 262 Karsha . 14
43 । Kftriyakurandāran . 262 Karsha
Karāti। 263
_ 682 42 | Kāriyam . 261 Karshak .
Karāt marāt . . . 582. 44 | Kftriyamu . . . . 261 Karshaka .
Karaveppu . . 204 3 | Kāriyastan . . 582 Karshaka
Karawant . . 264 4 | Kariyuppu। . . 535 Karshapama ।
Karawo . . 204 6 | KairfZ . . . . 264।। Kartā
Karaya . . 266 89 | Karj . . 261 Kartā .
Karayeed . . . 582 3l | Karj . . . . 266 Kārti .
Kārāyma . . 264 7 | Karjftdāya . . 266 K{trtik .
Karayma kānam . . 583 l | Karj-amdān . . . 266 K{trtikotsawa
Karāyma kāram . . 264 9 | Kariftii . . . 266 Karttā .
Kārāyma-tettam . . 264 II | Karjdādan . . 266 Karttaputra
Karayom rayagom . . 682 20 | Karjdār . . 266 Karttaputrf .
Karb . . . . . . 583 3 | Karjf . 266 Karttanf
Karb:, . . 264 l3 | K{trif . 262 Karttāva .
Karba . 264 l4 | Karjikfti . . 266 K{trttik .
Karbapati . . 204 l6 | Karjja . . . . 264 Karttika . _

Kārbār . . . 261 I8 | Karjjadftr . 264 Kārttikaphasal .

Kārbardātr . . 26l 28 | K{trjkārf . . . 262 K{trttiksālf
K{trbardārf . . 261 29 | Karjkarf . 266 Kāru .
Kārbārf . . 261 25 | Karjnāma . . . 266 Kāru। . 265
Karbatri . . 583 6 | Karjrokha . . 266 Karu . .
Karbhār . . 261 266 K{tru .
20
26 Karikhat
J
Kārbhārf . 26I 282 K{tru .
Karbi . . . . 264 l4 | Karka . . . 264। Kartt .
Karbich . . 5S3 8 | Karkach . . 264 Karu .
Karconna . . 26l '7 | Karkanna . . 261 Karu .
Kārchob . . 261 8I | Karkasa . . 262 Kārtt . .
Kārchobf . . . 26l 33 | Kārkhāna . . 261 Kārubāri।
Kard6 . . 262 I | Kārkhātnadār . . 261 Kārubaru
Kardā . . . 264 I8 | Karkhānanfs . . . ४61 K{trubatta
Kardā . . . . . . 264 20 | Kārkfrd . . 261 K{trubele
Karda . . . . . . . 583 l0 | Karkoon . . 261 Kārubhārf .
Kārdār . . . 20l 34 | K{trkun __ . 261 Karubhāru . : 26i
65i 8E
 KAS KAT
Page c"l.
Page col. Page
Karubhttmi . . . 266 Kāshtkār jadid . . Katkaf . . 268
. 267 1
K6rubhttmi . 218 Kashtkār kadfm . . . 267 1 Katkana . . . 261
Karukāya K{tsid . 267 1 Katkhud6 . . . 268
Karuku-hun Kasim
Karum
290 2 Katki-ijaradār . . 583
Kasotf . 267 1 Kāt-kabttl . . 267
Karumān Kasrāt . 266 2 Katkina . . 268
K{trtinārtt .
Kasrat . 266 2 Katkinā . . 268
Karunilam Kassi। 267 1
Karupkuruvai Kftst 267 ।।1 Katkfnadār . ं
Karupanta Kasu . . 267 1 Katkinādārf. ..
. 268
Karupu . . . . . Kasub6. 266 2 Katkobālā . . 269
Karuttakkadappu . . xasttr 266 2 Kātkut . . . 267।।
Karuttavuppu। K6t .. . 267 2 Katkola . . . 268
K{truvāf . % 267 2
Kat * । 583 2 Katl - . 268
Karuvitidaul. Katlai . . . 269
Karuvala Kāt . 267 2 Katl-amd . .
. 268
Karuvitn . . . Katā . . . . 267 2 Katl ba sabab . . . 268
Karwa Kftta-at-tarik 267 2 Katle . . . 269
Karwiif _
Katabe 268 1 Katle . . . . 269
Karwa-kunbi . Kataf . 267 2
Karwansf .
Katlegallu . . . 269
Karwftrā .
Kataiyā . 267 2 Katlekallu। . . 269
Kfttal . 267 2 Katlf . . . . . . . . 209
Karya . . Katal . . . 268 2 Katl kāfm makftm bft khatā, 208
Karyād . Katalanimak 583 2 Katl-khatā . . 268
Karyanirnaya K{ttalwat 267 2 Katl-mabfth . . 269
Karyarāyakam . 682 Kāttam 267 2 Katl-shabah-amd . . 268
Kftryarodha . Kfttan 267 2 Katmātt . 269
Kftryasthan . Katan . 267 2 % 269
Karyastun Katān 268 1 Katnamu . . . . • { 583
Kar? . . Kfttanf 267 2 Katnf . . 267 .
KarZdftr Katantyā 268 1 Katnibandf . . 269
Kar7f . Katātoni 283 l Katorf . 269
Kar?khwith Katape . . . 268 1 Katra . . . 269
Kats . Katar . _ . . 583 2 Katra . . . . 269
Kas
_
Katb6 . . . . ` %। 208
583 2l Katrf . . . 269
K{ts . Katta . . . 269
Kasa . . Kateenee . 267 2 Katta ___ . . 269
Kāsā . . Katgar . 268 1 Kattabhatta . . 269
K{tsa . Katguta Kattada
268 1 . . 269
Kasab Kath . 267 I Kattadaka . . 269
Kasftb . K{tth6 . _ 268 1 Kattakānam . . 209
Kasabvero . Kathā . . 268 1 Kattal . 268
Kasād . Kftthābārf 268 1 Kattal . _ . . . . 209
Kas{tf ___
K{tthākālf . 268 1 K{tttal . . . . . . • 209
Kasāt dukān gutta । 266 Kathāku-kathā . 268 1 _ 209
- श५्रे 583
Kasam K6thar . 268 1 Kattalai . . . . .
Kasamat . K{tthātwa . 268 1 Kattitlaf . . . 269
Kasamnftma Kathgarā . 267 1 Kattanāra . .. 259
Kasar . K{tthf . 268 ।।1 Kattaregar . . . 269
Kasar K{tthf 268 1 Kāttavarityan . . 269
Kasarpattf. K{tthf . . . 269 2 Kattftyam . . 269
Kasarvartt{tl6 . Kathfftr6. . . . . . . . 20T l Katte . . . 269
Kasaru Kathf-jangal . 583 2 Kattesauda . . 269
Kftsavargam ( 3+bs rs6 268 1 Katthā . . 269
Kāthipftl . . . . . } 269 2
Kftsavargamdftr .
Kasba .
K{tsbandi .
Kathor 583 2
Kattf .
Katti।
. . 269
. . 269
।
Kasbatti .
K{tthrā . . 267 1 Katti . 269 ।
Kftthuriya 267 ।। Kattf . . . . 583
Kasbf . . 583 Kitthttyā. . 267 1 Kattikāran . . 269
Kasbin - - Kathwo . 583 2 Katttlsthftnam . . 270
K{tsht . K{tti . 268 2 Kattimadive . . . . . 209
K{tsht . . :)83 Katf . . 208 2
Kattippanam . . 269
Kasht . . 267 Kattib . 291 2
Kattiyam . . . . . . 209
Kashta . . . 267 Kfttika . . . . . . 268 2 Kattu . . . . . . . . 270
K{tshth . . 267 K{ttikāf . . . . . . . 208 2 Kattubadt . . . . . . 270
Kftsht-i-m{tlikftn . . 267 Kfttikanu . . . 268 2 Kattubadi agrahftramu . . 270
K{tshtkftr . 267 K{ttkabttl . . 267 2 Kattubadi bantrotulu . 270
65S
 KAT KAW KHA
Page Page col. Page l.
Kattubadi ināmu . . . 270 Kawfigha?-arba . 248 Kerebandiayajodi . . 273
Kattubadi jana . 270 Kawftid . . . . 249 Kerekāluve ' ं ?iं
Kattubadi khandrikā . . Kay Kerekodi . . 273
Kattubadi mukāsa Kāy . . . . . Kereyere ' ं ?iं
Kattubadiyinam Kāya . . . . Kerf . 273
Kattudale _
K6yadhānyamu। Kerijulu . ’ . 273
Kattuguttagai . Kayāl Kerkanom . . . . . . 583
Kattuk{tlive Kāyal Kerpattf . . 273
Kattukidai Kāyal . Kesara _ . 273
Kattukttli Kayālf . Kesar6 . . . . ' .' ं ?iं
Kattumara Kāyalpātam . . 272 Kesarad bhttm . . 273
Kattutara Kayalu। Kesarf .' : 2?ं
Katttittara Kāyam Kesarfā . 273
Kattuttogai . Kāyamgutta . Kessemwar . ' : 200
Katubān . Kāyanga Kessiriya . . 273
Katuppattan Kayaru K6su . यः । 2?ं
Kaul . . . . . . K{tyasth . Ketā . . 273
Kaul . . . . . • Kāyastha . Ketta . _ . 273
Kaulā . . . . . . . 271 Kāyat . Kettaruppa . . 273
Kaulāchāra . . . . Kāyat . Kettiādākam ' ं ?iं
Kaulftwan - - - - Kityath . Kettifidākanawan . 273
Kaul-btra Kāyatiruva Kettisākshf . . 273
Kaulf . Kāydā Kettivaravā . . 273
Kauliā Kayf . Kettiveppa . ' ं ?iं
Kaulkarftr Kāyikā . . . . Kettiyirippa . . 273
Kaulki Kāyikāvriddhi . Kettuketta . . 273
Kayiru . Kettuvaramba . 273
Kaulnāma . Ketu। . 273
Kāyittalavu .
Kaulpatrak Kaykanom . Ketu। . 583
Kaulpatram . Kaypanum Ketukānam . 583
Kaulige . _____ Kayyfila . Ketit _____ . 273
Kaulu . . . . . Kayyāra . Kevaladattaka . . . 273
Kaum -
Kayyirippa . . Kevaladatta putra . . 273
Kaum . Ka?ft . . . Kewal __ . 273
Kaumil . ।2 ँ KaZfik Kewaldas . . 273
Kaurga . . . 271 K6Zdār Kewatf . 273

Kaurda .. . 583 Ka?f . Kewf . . . 273

Kaurf . . . . . 271 Kā7f Khabar . . 273
Kauribhāgiā ' ं ?ii KaZia . Khabargfr . 273
Kausik . . 271 K{t?f-āskar Khabar-rasftn . . 583
Kāvadam . 271 K{t?if . _
Khabha . 273
Kfivadi . 271 K62f-ul-ku?ftt Kh6brf . 273
Kāvadikāran ' ं ?#i Ka??āk . Kh{tchar . . . 273
Kaval . . 271 Kebra . Khachua .
Kāval _ Keddah . Khād 273
Kāvalaithalam . ं ?#i Kedu। Khād . 273
Kāvalāli ' ं ?ii Keduvalam . . 272 Khād . . 273
Kāvalan . . 27I Keemut _____ . . 289 Khād . . . 282
Kāvalanāj . 271 . 290 Khādā . . . . . 273
Keeray . . . . .
Kāvali . 271 Keeta . ___ . 291 Khādāhundf . . 273
Kāvalikāra . . 271 Keffayat . 288 Khādaka . . 273
Kftwali rasttm. . 27 I Keffayet . . . . 288 Khādar . . 273
Kftwali vādu ' ं ?ii Keffyet sayer . . . 289 Khādf . - . 274।।
Kāval-des . 27 1 Kehdah . . 284 285
Khādim .
Kavalgār ' ं ?्रi Kelā . . 272 { 584
Kelis6rawa . . 272 Khādima . . . . . . 585
Kāvalgrfimam
Kāvalkār '। 2ii Kend6 . 272 Khādim i-dargāh . . . 285
Kāvalkāran . . 271 Kelasa . . . 272 Khadir . . . .

} '583ँ
Kāval-merai। . . 27L Kembutta . 272
Khāekār *
Kftwal-pulam . 271 Keme . 273
Kāval-talam . 271 Keori। . 583 Khafff . . . . 274
Kāval-thalam . 271 Ker . . 273 Khafff-duZdi . 274
Kavara . ' ं ?#i Kera . . 278 Khafifjarāim . . . ' . 274
Kavile . 271 Keram . . . 273 Khafffa mukaddama . . . 274
. 27 ।। . 290 Khāg . . . . . • . . 274
Kavilekattu Kerāyā .
Kawul . 270 Ker6 . . 273 Khagam . . . . . 583
Kavulu __
. . 270 Kerebandi . 273 Khagha - - • . 274
659
 KHA KHA
Page eo1 1 ine Page col. Page eol.
Khahoon . Khālsft . . . . . 275 Khand। 27?
Khāf . Khātlsa-kachahri। . 275 Khānd . . 9? ?
Khafn. . . Khalsakhatmār . 584 Khand 9? ?
Khair . . Khalsi . 275 Khanda . . . 917।।
Khafr . Khalwad। 274।। Khandā . . . . 277
Khair . . . Khalwat . . . . . 285 Khanda . 277
Khairftt . . _ _ % 275 Khandā . . . 27 ?
Khām । 584
Khairāt-2amin . Khandaga . . 277
Khairkhwāh Khāmāmdanf 275 Khand:tit 27 ?
Khafrsitl . . Khāmand 284 Khandatit1. __ 27?
Khāja Khamār . ___ 75 Khandak . . . . . . 277
Khaja . ___
Khāmār . . . . . . } 275
584
Khāndfin . . . . . . . 217
Khājan Khandapatra . . 277
Khajānā Khamārbhttmi . . 276 Khandar . . . 277
Khajanchi . Khamār chash . . 276 Khandāra . 277
Khajfnā . Khamār chhuttf 276 Khamdbachi . . 211।।
Khajomchi Khamārghar . . . . . 270 Khandbhattf . . 277
Khajttr . Khamārf . 276 Khanddaladf . . 27?
Khājtir Khamāroi 276 Khanddātru . . 277।।
Khajttrgttr . . 274 Khamār-raiyat . 276 Khandela . . 584
Khājttr ras . . 274 Khāmār-sftl . . . . . 270 Khandgunhegftri . . 977
Khāk . . 274 Khamāsi . 276 Khandf . . . 277
Khak . . . 583 Khamāvishi 276 Khandi . . . 584
Khākf . 274 Khamāvishfdār . 276 Khandigar . . . 278
Khākistar . . . 274 Khambā . 276 Khandigutta . 278
Khākrob . 274 Khambhā . 276 Khandkār . 58 1
Khaktttda . . 274 Khambhogattā 275 Khandkarf . . 97?
Khal . . 274 Khāmchitha . 275 Khandmakt6।। . 277
Khāl 274 Khām hisebu 275 Khandmāsalf . 277
Khāl . . 274 Khamind . __ 284 Khandnf . . . . . 277
Khālā . Khamj6 . . . . 276 Khandmi tashrff . 277
Khala . 274 Khamjamabandf 275 Khandnttk . . 277
Khala . . . 274 Khamlekka . 275 Khandpharsf . . 277
Khalā . 274 Khāmnavis . . . . 275 Khandra . . . 257
274 31 Khamputtee 278 Khandrikft . 278
Khala .
505 Khamr _ 276 Khands{tl . . . 584
Khalapunji . . 274 Khamr mahāl . . . 276 Khands:tri . 584
Khālārf . . . 274 Khams . . . . . . . 276 Khandwft . . 278
Khalāts . . 274 Khatmtadārak . . 275 Khandttrf . . 584
Khālās . . 274 Khatmtahsfl . 275 Khandwadā . . 278
Khalāsf . . 275 Khāmw{tsfl . 275 Khatnesumārf . . 276
Khālāspatra . . 275 Khamwastil . 275 Khāngat . . . 217
Khalāthi . 275 Khamwossool . 275 Khāngf . ___ . . 276
Khalātf . 275 Khān . . 276 Khāngi-khāmftr. . . 584
Khālā[f . 275 Khan . 277 Khāngf Zamindari . 277
Khalavārf . . 274 Khān . . . 277 Khani . . 277
Khaleu . . . 274 Khan . . :)84 Khanf . 9??
Khalegtalaveg . . . 274 Khftna . . 276 Khāni . _ . . 277
Khalf . . . 275 Khānā . . 276 Khainibhāgoft . . 978
Khali . . . 274 Khftnabarf . . 276 Khānibhttmi . . 278
Khalian . . 274 Khanabarry . 276 Khanisumātrf . 276
275 Khanagi . . . 276 Khanja . . 278
Khalffa { 583
Khānagf . . . 276 Khatnju. . . . . 278
Khalihān . 274 Khanagidakhl . 584 Khatnk:th . . 278
Khalihāth . 275 Khānajād। . 276 Khānkatf . . . 278
Khalisa . . 275 Khfinajangf . . . . . . 276 Khankh . _ . 278
Khātlisft . . . . 275 Khānakharftbi . . . . 276 Khān-khānān . . 276
Khalisamukarrarf . . 275 Khftnakirāya . . . 584 Khansftmān . 278
Kh{tlisa sharifa . . . 276 Khanam _ . 276 Khāo . . . . 282
Khalita . 275 Khānashumārf . . . 276 Khap . . . . . 278
Khalita . . 281 Khānatalāshi . . 276 Khapamf . . . . 278
Kh:tlkhosia . 275 KhānaZitd. . . 276 Khapariyā . . . . 278
Khallā . . . 274 Khānch . . 2? 7 Khaprā . . 278
Khallary . 274 Khānchā . . . 277 Khaprail . 278
Khalli . . 275 Khānchar . . 273 Khar . 278
Khftlpft . . 275 Khānchar . . 277 _
Khātr * ;& 584
278
Khalsa . 275 Khancharf . 97 ?
000
 KHA KHA
Pagre col. Page eol. Page col.
Khārā . . 278 Khārij-pattā . 584 Khfts-o-aām . . 282 l
Khara . 278 Khārik . . 278 Khāspatak . 282
Khar6 . . 279 Khārimattf . . 278 Khāspatit . . 584
Khārā . . 279 Kharimatti। . . 279 Khaspattichar . . 584
Khārā . ' ं ?ij Khārimittf . . 278 Khasra . _ . 282
Kharātb . . 279 Kharimittf . . 279 Khasrfibahf . . 282
Kharºtba . 279 Khātri nimak . . 278 Khasrit paimāish . 282
Kharºtbahwfil . 279 Khāri ntin . . . . 278 Khasrataksfm . यः । 5ं
Kharach . यः । 279 Kharip . . . . . . . 280 Khāss . . . • । . 281
Kharitdf . . 279 Kharipatf . . . . 281 Khās sāguvalf . . 282
Khārāhundi . 279 Khariph . . . . . . 281 Khāstābāki . . 282
Kharāj . . 279 Khāri shor . . . . . 278 Khāstā nflām . . 282
Khārājamā . 279 Kharfta . . 281 Khāstahsfl . 282
Khārājamin . . 278 KhāriZamfn _ . 278 Khatstaluk . . 282
Kharājgu?ār . 280 Kharj . . . . . . . 279 Khitswari . . 282
280 Kharjee pottah . 584 Khfts Zamin . 282
Kharājf . ___
584 . 280 Khat . 282
Khārit . . . .
Kharak . . . . . . 279 Kharkal-kālf . . . 252 Khāt . . 282
Khitrāpāni . 278 Kharkaniya . 281 Khāt . 283
Kharār . " . 584 Kharkhā . . 281 Khāt . . 584
Khararft . . . 279 Khārkhāmdā . Khātā . . 283
Khararāpani . 279 Kharmi . 249
Khāt6 .
283
Khararāpatra . . 279 Kharpar . . . 281 584
Khārat . . 278 Kharrāt . . 281 Khatā . . 283
Khar6-utar . . 279 Kharrātf . . . 281 Khātā . 283
Kharch . . 279 Khartaf . . . . 281 Khātātbah . 283
Kharcha . . . . . 279 Khartal . . ---' . 281 Khattā bandf . . 283
Kharchahis6b . . 279 Khāru 281 Khāt6 bandf . . 283
Kharchasilak . . 279 Khāru . . 281 Khatabandi ' : 2ji।
Kharchawarjit . . 279 Khārtiā . . 281 Khatabye . . 584।।
Kharch-i-gfion . . 279 Kharvata . . . 281 Khatai . . . 283
Kharch-i-khairāt . . 279 Khārwā . . 281 Khāttaka . . 283
Kharch-i-mufassil . . . 279 Khārwamātf . . . 278 Khātaka . 283
Kharch-i-nānkār . . 279 Kharwftr . 281 Khattakf . . 283
Kharch-i-pargana . . . 279 Khārwf . . 281 Khattakf . . 283
Kharch-i-sadr . . 279 Khas . . 281 Khātan . . 283
Kharch pattf . . . 279 Khās . . . 584 Khātani . . . 283
Kharchu . . . . . . 279 Khāts . . . 281 Khatanf . . . 283
Kharchuvechcha . . 279 Khāsā _ . 281 Khatanfyā . . 283
Khardā . _ . 280 Khitsāptl . . . 281 Khatāpotā . 283
Khardeg . . . . 280 Khāsajir . . 281 Khātār . . 282
Khareband . . . . 279 Khāsālu . . 281 Khatājni . . 283
Kharege jumma . . 280 Khasara . . 282 283
Khatātinf
Kharenja . 280 नििiribhabittrii _ . 281 584
Kharerf Khasārat . 282 Khatftwanf . . 283
Kharhak _ Khāsāswftrf . . . 282 Khātftwftri . . 283
Khārf . . . . Khāsbandf . . 281 Khatb . 283
Kharf . . . Khāsbal _ . . 28l Khatbat . . . 284
Kharf . Khatsbardār . . 281 Khāttbikri . . 282
Khātrf . Khāsbattami . . . 281 Khatboe . . . 684
Kharfd Khasbighā . . 281 Khātebahf . . 283
Kharida . Khātsbo . . . 28l Khātebāki . . 283
Kharfda muafi Khatschela . . 281 Khātedār . . 283
Kharfddār . Khāsdakhl . . 584 Khatelf . . 584
Kharfdkhat . . Khatsdār . . 28l Khatteg . _
. 283
Kharfdfarokht . Khasgf . . 28I Khattevahf . . 283
Kharfdf Khatsgikārktin . 281 Khatf . . 279
Kharff Khasgi paikft . . 28l Khatf . 283
Kharij . Khatsgtwitlat . 281 Khati6f . 283
Khārijitlu। _
" : 280 Khātsh:tl . . . 281 Khattb . 288
Khatrija taluk Khatsia . . . 282 Khatikā . 279
Khatrijdākhil Khaskhas . . . 281 Khatiownee . . 283
Khārijf _____
Khats mahal . 28] Khatiri . 283
Kh{trij-jamā . . . Khās khātmār . . 584 Khatiyfin . 283
Khārij-jama-aima . Khāsmahāl . 282 Khatiyānf . 283
Khatrij mulk Khftsnavis . . 282 Khatn 283

Khārij nama . -
. 280 Khasnavisf . . 282 Khatn . . 284
661
 KHE KHO
KHA
eol. Page eol, line Page eol.
Page
Khatna . . 284 Khewfti . . 285 1 9 Khodān . . 286
Khatnat . 284 Khewak . . 285 1 12 Khodda _ . 286
Khatowa } 285 2 13 Khodekhasht
Khatpaur6
Khewat . _

} 584 2 30 Khodeli
Khewat . . 285 I 11 Khodf
Khatpatra . _

39
Khatrf . Khewatdār . . 584 2 Khodw6।।
Khewatia . . . 285 1 11 Khof .
Khatry . 1 21
Khewatnama . 285 Khoj
Khatt .
Khattā Khiftnat . 285 1 23 Khoja
Khattf . । 5si Khiftr _ " : 285 1 28 Khoj6
Khātu। Khiār . . . . 285 1 31 Khojo .
Khiār-ul-aib . . 285 1 40 Khok6।।
Khatuā
Khātwar . 282 Khiftr-ul-kabttl ' ः।। 285 l 34 Khokhā .
Khaum . . 275 Khiftr-ul-majlis . 285 1 36 Khokhf . .
. 284 . 285 1 38 Khokhug .
Khaur . Khiftr-ul-rtiyat .
Khawand . Khiftr-us-Shart . " : 285 1 42 Kholādhar . यः । 28ं
. 285 1 45 Kholambhor .
Khawfts . Khiar-ut-tayfn .
Kh6wind . Khichchidi . . . . 285 2 4 Khom
. 285 2 8 Khomasna
KhaZāna Khichchidi bftchidi
Khazānchi 285 2 4 Khon .
Khichrf . } 584 2 41 Khond . . 586
Kh6d .
Khedā . . . . Khidmat . 285 2 10 Khondar
Khidmat dār . . 285 2 11 Khondu।
Khed6-i-afiyftl . .
Khedān Khidmat gar . . • । " : 285 2 11 Khontā
Khede Khidmat-i-tālukditrf . . 285 2 10 Khood .
Khedut Khidmat-i-2amfndārf . 285 2 19 Khoom '
Kheewut Khil . 285 2 21 Khoon .
Khel Khfl . यः । 285 2 2I Khoop
Khela Khfl . 285 2 30 Khopra
Khelaut Khilftfat _ .' : 275 1 22 Khor .
Khem Khilāf-i-shara . 285 2 31 Khorfः .
Khemkusal Khilat . . . यः । 285 2 33 Khor6
Khilāt bahāt . . 285 2 39 Khorāf
Khep
Khepia Khil-jamā . ' : 285 2 24 Khorak .
Khil-jamin . 285 2 26 Khorāk
Khepni .
Kher Khillary . ' . 289 1 45 Khorākf
Kherā Khilpatit . . 285 2 28 Khorchi।
Kheraj Khilwat . _ " : 285 2 42 Khor6 . 286
. 286 2 43 286
Khereeda Khilwat gah .
Khereef Khilwat khāna . : : 285 2 43 Khojam . . . . . .} 585
: 280 Khilwat nashin . 286 1 1 Khorkāni . 286
Kherij . . 287
Khilwat sahih . . 286 1 3 Khor-o-posh .
Kherfj-jamā .
Kherfj-maktā . Khind _
यः । 28ं I 8 Khos6।। . 286
Khini . . 286 1 9 . . 286
Kherj-musfthir6।।
Kheryat . Khirāj _
' ः।। 27ं) 2 44 Khosān . . 286
Khesārf . 280 1 12 Khosānf . 286
Khirfij-gu?ār
Khet . Khirājf . _
यः । 280 1 8 Khosmān . 286
. 280 1 10 Khot 286
Khet Khirāji bhttmi
Khirfiji Zamin . यः । 280 1 15 286
Khetbat .
Khetb6.nt . Khirāj mukāsima . . 280
" : 280
1
l
19
16
Riं । । . . . . .} 585
Khetchitthā . Khirāj muwaZ?af . Khota
. 279 2 8
Khetdār
Khetery .
Khetf .
Khirch gram
Khirman
Khirudu।
' ः।। 286
. 286
1
1
11
12
Khotab
Khot bfiki
. } . 2S7

200 2 35 Khot dhārā .

Khetibārf Khist . . .. :. 286 l l3
Khetthar _ Khisti . . Khotgf
Khitāb . 286 1 15 Khotf
Khettpatārf .
Khitbut . 584 2 28 Khotkf . .
Khet jharti
Khiyānat ' ः।। 285 1 23 Khotkharfib6।।
Khetkhatt Khizmut . 584 2 43 Khotpatra
Khetkhol6।। Kho . . 286 l l6 Khotpatra .
Khetra . Khoft . ' ं ?sं l l6 Khotsajjft .
Khetree . Khobbaः . . 286 I l9 Khotvadh . . 286
Khettan . 584 Khobrel . . " : 286 2 0 Khotverā . . . 287
Khetwftr . _ Khobren . . 286 2 7 Khotwftr . . 585

Khetwftrjamabandf रेफैं *. . . . . ' ं ?sं 1 20 Khous . . . 287

Khewft ___ . 285 Khodat . . 287 I 25
662
 KHU KIT
Page col Pagn col

Khubur Khttrdagatā . . . 288 Kimaru T . 289

Khumar . Khttrdagf .288 Kincob _ . 289
Khunbattai . Khttrdi6. . . . 288 Kindan - - -
Khund . Khurf . . . . . 288 Kinfru।
Khurch . Khurish poshish . . 686 Kinkhāb .
Khurchee . Khttr-o-posh . . . 287 Kirāhiyat . . .
नॆि' ं . . . . . Khurtat . . 2S8 Kfrai . . . . . •
Khuree Khttsh . _ . 288 Kfrāku .
Khureef . 288 Kirān .
Khuree mittee
Khttshbāsh . }
585 Kirānft .
Khuree muttee . Khushbashf jama. . 585 Kfrftmājins
Khureetu . Khushk _ . . 288 Kirftr
Khurj Khushka . . . 288 Kirāt .
Khus Khttshkabala . 288 Kirāya
Khuskhus Khttsh-kharid . ' ः।। 288 Kirāyadār
Khusra Khushkf . . . 288 Kiraya mama .
Khut . Khttshkibāla 288 Kirāyagārru।
Khuta . Khushksāl . 288 Kfrd
Khutaonee . Khuskf . . 288 Kirdād
Khuteonee . . . . Khustimat . . 288 Kirdinagdi .
Khutt . Khutba . . 288 Kfrdsftr
Khutteoni . Khwāja . . 288 Kirfch
KhuZanu Khwājasarā . . . 288 Kirkol . .
KhuZanchee . Khwftnd kār . 288 Kfrkolkām . .
Khydara . . . 288 Kirkolprāpti .
Khubri। . 287 Kiārf . . 288 Kfrkttl
Khttd . Kiās . . 288 Kirrāt .
Khttd . Kiās nāma . . 288 Kfrta . _

Khudā . _ Kibla . . . 288 Kirukola .

Khudājarf pātā Kiblagfth . 288 Kisān .
Khudā kare _ Kibla-i-aalam . . 288 Kisān . _

Khudā-na-khwāsta ':2 ँ Kidangu . . 288 Kisftn kadfm .

Khudāwand . Kifaiit . __
. . 288 Kisāts . .
Kifayat . . . . . . 288 Kisht .
Khttdkāsht . . 288 Kishtf . .
Kifayat-i-faujdārf .
Khttdkāsht raiyat . Kifayat-i-hast-o-bttd . . 288 Kishtibān
Khttdkāsht Zamfn . Kifayat-i-sair . . 289 Kishtkār .
Khulāpais6 . Kiffut . . . 288 Kishtkārf
Khulfmuddat Kikānam . 585 Kisht-o-kār
Khttlifn . Kfl . 289 Kishtwār
Khttm . Kila . . 289 KishtZār .
Khttmwftr Kiladār . . 289 Kism
Khtin Kilājāt . . 289 Kismat .
Khttm . . . ' : 26i Kflaka . 289 Kismat nāma
Khttnbahā Kilamat . 586 Kismwār _

Khunchi . Kilintu . . . 289 Kismwār goshwftra

Khundf Killā . . . . 289 Kismwār jamabandi .
Khttnf Killādār . . . 289 Kisora .
KhtinreZ . Killādārf . 289 Kissas
Khttnt Killari . . . . 289 Kist . .
Khuntaitf . Killft vartālā . . 289 Kistbandf
Khttntbat Killedār . . . 289 Kistf . . .
Khuntkhat '। 2si। Killedārf . . . 289 Kistibandf . .
Khttntf Kflmadai . . 289 Kistibundee .
Khuntf _____
Kflubhttmi . . 289 Kistkār . .
Khuntvat . . . . Kflupairu। . 413 Kist khilāfi।
Khuntw6 . . 287 Kimār . . . 289 Kist-munka?i .
Khttr . Kimārb6Z .. . 289 Kistna -
Khurā . KimārbaZf . . 289 Kistu। _

Khttrāk . Kfmat . 289 Kistubandf .

Khttrākf __ Kfmatf . _____
. . 289 Kistuwāfde .
Khttrākt-afiftl . . 289 Kiswārā .
Kfmat-i-khisht-i-gaur _

Khttrāku . Kfmat rawanft . . . 289

Khttrānt . Kim khwfib . 289
Kita . }
Khttrd . Kinā . . . 289 Kita
Khttrda . Kinabāwālā . 280 Kitāb .
Khurdā . . . Kinfibikā . . . 280 Kitabandi .
Khttrda farosh . Kināra . . 289 Kitābat . ' : 20i
663
 KIT KOL KOT

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Kitabhukmf . . . 291 g | Kolchar . . 292 2 38 Koormee . . . . . 304 2
Kitabf . ___ . 291 5 Kole . . 292 2 40 Koorrah . . . . . . 586
Kitaib intikāli . . . 291 Kolf . 292 2 44 Kooshtee .. 586
Kitājarib bandt . 291 Kolhānti. ' ः।। 203 Koot . _ . . 30b
Kitamanikālu। . . 291 Kolhu . . 293 Kootaitee . .. 586
Kitatauwulu। . 291 Koli . ' : 203 Kooyeekanom . . 586
Kitātwar . ___ . 291 Kolift . _ . 293 Kooykanom . . . 530
Kitawari batwār6।। Kolkār . . यः । 20र्ष्ट Kooykoor . .
. 586
Kitmitti। . . 291 Kolkāran . . 292 Koppah . . . . . 293
Kittābatb . 291 K6lkurippu यः । 202 Kopudārudu . . . . . 294 11}11
Kittāwatanf . . . 291 Kolla . . 293 Korā . . . . . 294
Kittawutunee . . 291 Kollai यः । 20ं Korā . .. 294
Kiunkal . . 291 Kollaipayir . 293 K6ra . . . 294
Kiunthal . 291 Kollakāran . ' ः।। 20ं Korā . . . . . 294
Kiwftda Kollam . 293 Korftbandi . . 294
Kiwamittf . 291 Kollan . 293 Korātbardār . . 294
Kliva . 294
Koar .
Kobari .
Kobbari T.
Kochifinf .
Koda .
Kodaga
Kodaikkttli .
Kodal . .
Kodamban
Kode .
K6d6 .
K6debatta
K6degadde
Kodi .
Kodi
Kodikk{tl
.
.
__

•' ' -
Kodikkal wellālan .
Kodima .
Kodio ..
Kodo .
Kodram .
Kodro .
.

.
.

.
.

.
_ _
. .

. .

. .

. .

. .
. .
. .
. .

. .

. .
. .

. .

. .
.

.
.

.
.
291
286
291
291
291
291
291
291
298
586
291
291
291
291
292
292
292
292
585
292
202
292
292
। । Kollee .
Kolli .
Kolligār .
Kolloonaven
Kollu .
Kollu।
Kollukai .
Kollukānam
Kolluwama
Koloo .

Kolu .
Kolu .
Koluga
K6lukār .
.

Kolpaimāish .
Kolu .

Kolulftbham .
Kolume .
Kolumfdi
Kolunavan .
Kolupanam .
Koluvan
Kolweg .
.
_

.
. 293
' ः।। 29ं
. 293
यः । 20ं
. 292
. 293
. 293
' ः।। 585
. 292
' ः।। 565
. 292
' ः।। 203
. 293
यः । 29ं
. 292
" : 20ं
. 203
' ं 30i।
. 293
' ः।। 20ं
. 293
' : 20ं
. 293
9
Koracharu .
Korādār .
Koradu .
Korak . .
Korakdār
Koraki . .
Korakkhalās
Koraljamfn
Koramar
Koramarawanu .
Korambu।
Koran .
Koravanu
Koravar
Koravarava
Korawftu .
Korcharu।
Korchoor .
Korew{tr
Korgu .
Korharia
Kori
Kori .
.
. 294

. . 304
. 304
. . 304
. 304
. . 294
. 294

. 204
. 294
. 294
. 294
. 294
. . 294
. . 294
. . 294
585

. 294 I11।
. 294
. . 303 1!!Iं1।1

. 294
. . 271
. 294
Kodru . . . 292 K6maram . . : 20ं Korf . . 294
Kodu . . 292 K6matf . . 293 K6risette . 294
Kodu। . . 292 Kompe . 293 K6rmagi . . . 294
Kniikkalyujgai .. .. . 202 . 293 Korrā
Kodukkavānimal .
K6duvisa .
Kodwao .
Koeeloo
Koerf.
Kohar .
Koilu।
Koflu .
Kojitgara
Kojayti
Kokā .
Kokātt .
K6l

K6l

Kola .
.
.

.
.
.
. .

. .
.
. .
. .
. .
.
.
.
.

.
. . 292
292
292
294
292
292

. 292
296
292
202
292
292
202
292
585
Kompeva
Kompeyava .
Komtf
Konakan .
Kond .
Konda
Konda .
Kondapodu .
Kondra
Kondru .
Kondu .
Kongy
K6nfri
Koniyalan
Konjal .
Koodummer
.
. .

. .
.
. .

. 293
. . 293
. 293
. 293
यः । 2jं
293
293
293
292

। Korrah
Korsaru .
K6ru . .
K6rudhanya
K6ruk{tlu .
K6rttkam
K6rttnāru।
Korwaru .
Kos .
Kosa .
Kosārio
Kosātakf
Kosh
Kosha
Kosham
.
. 294
. . 582
. 294
. . 294
. 294
. . 294
. 294
. . 294
. 294
. . 294 1}!2
. 295
. . 295

. . 295
295

. 295
. . 295

Kola .
Kola . .
Kolab .
Kolachar
Kolaga
Kolai।
Kolaikkftran
K6lapiramanam
Kolbandi
_

.
________

.
.
.

664
.
_
.
. .
.
. .
.

.
.
. .
.
292
292
292
292
586

292
202
292
292 । Kooddup .
Koodeah
Koodhee .
Koolee
Koolf
Kool kurnain .
.

Kool kurny . • •
Koon
Koorfah
Koork
.
_

__
।

' ं 30ं
203

।
Koshtft .
Koshthf
Koshtf
Kosio .
Kosskomar
Kostugutta
Kosvero .
Kot
Kot
Kot .
. .
. 295
. 29a)
. 5Sā
. . 29b
. :)84
. . 295
. 295
 KOT KCV JKUR
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Kota . K6wirbattu। . . 296 Kriyālopa . . 297
Kotak . K6wirgrāmam . . 296 Kriyāpāda . . . 297
Kotāl Kowudārudu . . . 296 Kriyāpatra . . 297
Kotār . Kowl . 270 Kriyāvādf . 297
Kote . . . . . 272 Kriyāvasanna .. . 297
Koy .
Kote . 27 Krodhana . 297
Koyal
Kote . . . 272 Krodhf . . . . . . 297।।
_
Koyalf
. 585 . 297।।
Kotebitti . Koyama . Krodhi-hichchigi . .
Kotee . . . 296 Kroh . . . . . . 297
Koyatā
Koth . . 296 Kror . . 297
. Koyatapattf
. 296 . . 298
Koth . Koyati . Krorapatra
Kothā . . 581 Krorf . 297
Koyeekanom
. . 296 Krushi. . . 297
Koyekāl
Koth6
Kothadār .
_

{ Koyikf
. .
. 296
296
Krushikan .
Krushikanu . .
.
.
207
297
__
K6yil . . . 297
Kothākhām . K6yilch6ri . . 296 Krushikāran
. . 296 Krushikudu . .. . 297
Kothakhamār Koyilmaini .
Kothakāran . 296 Krushivalan . 297
K6yinmerai
Kothār Koyitta . . 296 Krushivalanu
. 296 Krushivaladu . . . . 297
Kothāra . _ Koyittakāran
. . 296 . 297
Kotharf . . . Koyittukāl Krushnaregadabhttmi . _

Koyt . . . . 296 Krushnaregadanela .

Kothāru। 296 . 297
Koyyukftlu। Krushnaregadibhttmi .
. 297
Kothasāl . Krama . 296 Krushnaregadi mela .
. . 296 Krushnarevatibhttmi . . 297।।
Kothdār . Kramāgata
Kothf . . 296 Krushnarewatt mela . . 297
Kramāgatadāsa
Kothfbans . . 296 . . 298
Kramāgatadravya . Kshatriya .
. 296 . 298
Kothff . . Kramānuyāyf . Kshaya .
Krānt . . 296 Kshema . . 298
Kothi-ilāka .
296 Kshetra . . 298
Kothiwal . Krāntf
585 . . 298
Kothiwāl6 . Kshetraja . .
Krftsa . . 296 . 298
Kothkāran Kshetraphal
. 295 . 296 Kshetrf . . . . . . . 298
Kothkhamār Kraya . .
. . 296 . 298
Kothkharida . Krayachftu। Kshetropādhyāya . .
Kothnfs . Kraya gaini . 577
Kothrf . . 296 Kubbala . 244
Krayak
Koti . Krayanāma . . 585 Kubooleeat .
Kotf Krayasādhanam . . 296 Kuboolet
Kotiga Krayavikraya . . 296 Kubooleut
Kotigār Kret6 . . . 296 KubZ
Kotila _
Kreya ___
. 296 Kucha . .
Kotkarkf . Krishak . . . . 297 Kuchcha .
Kotkinadār . Krishān . . . 297 Kuchuhree
Kotlt . Krishi _
. 297 Kulalconna .
Kotta Krishtbala . . 297 Kuljogue .
Kottagār . Krishik . . 297 Kullur
Kottai _ Krishtvala . . 297 Kulsee
K6ttai . . . . Krishn .. . 297 Kum . . . 262
K6ttala k6vara . 297 Kumbul . 264
Krishna . . . .
K6ttam . : 2jiं Krishnapaksha . . . 297 Kumee . . . 263
Kottāra . . . . 207 Kumenee . . . 253
Krishnftrpan
Kottāram .
Kottawālachāvadi
K6ttewokal .
Kottina .
Kottu .
Kotw6l .
Kotw{tlf
Kotwār .
Kotya .
Koul
Kouree
Kowido .
Kowil .
Kowilagom .
Kowilakam .
__

665
{ 585
Krfta . . .
Krita . . .
Krftadāsa. .
Kritadasa . . .
Kritakāl
Krftaputra .
Kritaputra . . . .
Kritayuga . . .
Kritrima .
Krittik6. .
Kritya .
Krityā
Kriyā . . .
Kriyādweshf
Kriyftkarmākarma .
Kriyā karmānatra
.

___
.
.
.

8G
.
.

_
.
. .

. .

. .
.

.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
296
297
296
297
297
296
297
297
297
297
297
297
297
297
297
297
Kumenatam
Kummur kashftn
Kumpli
Kund .
Kundee .
Kundra
Kungun -
Kunkur
Kunkool
Kunnakan -
Kunthee . .
Kuntheiyā
Kuntht .
Kuntwa
Kunukuroopoo
Kur
• • •

- -
• •

-
. 254
. 264
• 260

: 260 ।
 KUR RUD
Page eOl. Page c ol. Page eol.

Kur . . 26l 299 Kttlichcham . . . 30l

Kur . 261
Kudivāram . 541 Kttlichewakam . . 30l
Kura . . 262 Kudivarava. Kttligār . 301
Kuranth . . . 585 Kudivila . Kttligodam . . 301
Kurnik . . . 263 Kudiyān Ktiligudām . . . 586
Kuroh . Kudiyānavan Kulika . . 300
Kusbhura . 259 Kudiyānavan Kttlika . 301
Kusm . . 266 Kudiyānkura . Kttlikāran . . 301
Kusum . . 266 Kudiyirampāt . . Kulikhtyār . . 299
Kusur . . . 266 Kudiyirippa . Kulfna ” . . 300
Kutcha . . 245 Kudiyirippu। Kttlivela . . . 30l
Kutchat . . . 581 Kudiyuruppu। iattam _ _
Kttlivettu। . 301
Kutcoballa . . 267 । Kudiyulawu। Kttliyāl . . . 30l
Kutgoot . . 270 Kudthal Kttliyālu। . 301
Kutgootta . . 268 Kudug6lu . Kuljamā . . . 299
Kutkabala . . 265 Kudugulu Kuljhartf . . 300
Kuthā . . 268 Kudumbakāran Kulkall6 . . . . . . 299
Kutkinna . ___ . . 268 Kulkāmil . . . . 299
Kudumbam
Kutpuddee Peon . . 270 { Kulkāntt . . . 299
Kutra . . . . . . . 269 Kudumbu . . __
_ Kulkaran . 300
Kuttgoota . 270 Kudumbukāniyātchi. Kulkaranf . . 300
Kuttgootee . . 270 Kuduruvātu। Kulkārbhārf . 300
Kuttha . . 269 Kuduva . Kulkaria . . . 300
Kuduvu। Kulkarnf . 300
Kugrām Kulkurny . . . 300
Ktiār . . . . 301 Kujao . Kulrakba . 300
Kuchchela Kujawan . Kulume _ • . 30l
Kuchchhā . Kul Kulumegutta . . . . 30l
Kuchchhābitdf . Kul . Kulumekandāyam . . . 30l
Kuda . Kul Kulumi . . 301
Kudā . . . Kula . Kulupaj . . 300

Ktidabighā . Kula Kuluvarpattf . 300

Kttdai . Kulāchāra . Kulwitr . . 300
Kudāl Kulficharya . Kulwarg . 300
Kudali . Kulachyuta Kulwarpattt . . . 300
Kudaman . Kuladevatā . Kumar . . 302
Kudamar . Kuladharma Kumāra . . . 30l
Kudan ___
Kulaja . Kumārf . . 301
Kudamvarippa . . Kulakāika . Kumari . 301
Kudava . Kulalekhanam . Kumāri . . . . 30l
Kudavan . Kulam . . . Kumāri-marāttt . 301
Ktidhi Kulamaryādā . Kumbār . . 302
Kudi . Kulambi . . _ Kumbha . . 301
Kudf . Kumbhakftr . 302
Kudia . Kulārg {_ Kumbhakftra . . 30l
Kudiftn . Kulārgf __ -। Kumbhār . 302
Kudiāyākattu। Kulārgpattf . Kumbharghamf .
Kudicheri Kulārgwar . Kumbhārgundi . . . 302
Kudichillar . Kulashajr6 Kumbhārkhan - - . . 302
Kudi-irippa Kulasisht Kumbhārkriyā . . 302
Kudikattu Kulava Kumbhum . . 302
Kudikkādu . Kulavarttane . Kumbi . 302
Kudikalyānam Kummār . . 302
Kulba __

. 302
Kudiketta Kummaravādu।
Kudima . Kulbitb . ___ Kummari . . 302
Kudimagan . Kulbab kul kāntin . Kummittta . . 302
Kudimajanmam . Kulband-o-bast Kun . 302
Kudima-nir-karanam . Kulcha Kumag6।। • . 302
Kudima-ola-karanam Kulghadmi . Kumagekarf . . . 302
Kudimarammattu . Kulgutta . Kumbftu . • . 302
Kudimirftsi . Kulgutta srotriyam . . Kunbawft . . . 302
Kudippadai . Kulhārf . 302
. 299
Kumbf . 586
Kudipati Kulf . .
Kudippaka . Kuli . Kumbf-hiseb . . 302
Kudippatta Ktilf . Kumbtn . . . • • . 302
Kudissika Ktili . . . . . Ktinch . 302
Kuditara _ . 585 Ktilichchakāran . : ॐ0i Ktincha . . 302
666
 KUN KUR. LAID
Page Page Page col.
Kuri - - - - - . 304 Kuttādan . 305
Kunchamu .
Kuri . 304 Kuttai . . . 305
Kunchitagār Kuri . Kuttaka . . . 305
Kund . Kuri _ Kuttakai . . . . 305
Kund Kuttakakāran . . . 306
Kttri।
Kund6।। { Kuttala . . 305
Kunda . . Kurikānam . __ - Kuttalai . . 305
Kunda . . Kurikānige . Kuttam . . 305
Kunda . Kurikārāyma . Kuttāri . . 306
Kundā . . . Kurikttr . Kutti . _ . . . 304
Kundagola Kurimosam. Kutti . . . . . . 306
Kundakar Kurippa . Kuttikanakola . . 306
Kumdf Kurippanam Kuttikānam . 306
Kundurai Kurippatt . . . Kuttinellu . . 306
Kune . Kurivila . . . Kutti pitf . . 306
Kunegar . Kurk . Kuttipitf kāran . . . 306
Kuni . Kurkam . Ktttttrippa . 306
Kunjr6 Kurkamfn Kuttivāst . . . . . 306
Kunkuma . Kurkf Kuttukachchavatam . _ ु . 306
Kumr . Kurkf parwana . Kuttukal . . . 306
Kunr boji Kurkmahāl . Kuttukāran . . . 306
Kunr mandlā KurksaZ6wal Kutttt krushi . . 306
Kunt6. . Kurktahstl . Kutum . . 306
Kuntan Kttrmf . Kutumba - . . 306
Kunte Kurmiat . Kutumbakāran . . 306
Kuntige . Kutumbam . 306
Kunuma Kurphā Kutumbf . 306
Kunwar Kurri। Kutumi . . . . . 306
Kuppa __ Kurru . Kuyikttr . . . . . . 306
%_ Kursf Kuyuvarkampanaya . 586
Kuppa anchan6 __

Kursfnāma KuZhi . . . 30l

Kuppadam . Kuruba . Kye . . . 248
Kuppajabitā . Kuruchchiyan Kyfeeyut . . 249
Kuppakattu . Kurukam Kyle . . 249
Kuppakkādu Kuruman Kyput . . 581
Kuppal . Kurumbam . Kyphyut . 249
Kuppam . Kurumbar
Kur . Kurumborai।
Kttriः . Kuruugol .
Kur6 Kuruni . ILaban . 310
Kttra . Ktts . Labba . . 306
Kura . . Kttsa . : ं05 ILabdār . . 306 *
Kuraba Kusa . ILabdha . . . 306
Labdhadāsa . . 306
Ktiragf .
Kurah . . .
Kurāhandā2
Kurākālf .
Kttral .
Kuram
Kuramba
Kurambu .
Kuramulai .
Kusavritti .
Kusbritti .
Kush .
Kusha
Kustda .
Kusinikftra
Kusinivādu .
Kusiwi .
Kustf .
.
ILabdhaputra
IL6bha . . .
IL6bhālāibha .
IL6bhamud6sili
IAfibhanashta .
IL6bhistu।
IL6bhw6 .
ILabi .
. .

. .
. .
.
.
. .
.
.
306
306
306
306
306
306
306
306
}$
14
।
Kurān . Kusum ILabi . . 306
Kuran
Kurāni mull6
Kura-taksfm
Kurawa
Kurban .
Kurfa .
Kurfadār
Kttrgf .
Kurgf
Kurh
Kurhād .
.

Kurhādi jamin
Kurhal .
Kurf
.

____

661
: 3ji।
Kusumb6।।
Kusumbha

Kttt
Kttt .
Kttta .
Kuthi।
Kuti .
Kutt .
Kuti .
Kutf . .
Ktttichara .
Ktttmahāl .
Ktttsankrāntf
.

. । 305
ILac
IL6-chār
L6-chāragf .
Lack .
IAackeraj
ILackiraZ .
IAftdaw6 .
Lfidaw6 .
IAftdawf .
Laddu..
ILadhk6 .
ILadhnf
ILadohar .
IAadthad .
.

.
.
. .

. .
.

.
.
.
. .

. .
.
. .
.
.
.
30 8
306
306
308
308
308
306
306
306
306
306
306
306
306 ।
 ILAG ILAK ILAW
Page Page Page
Lag . . 306 Lakerage . 308 Langot . . . 309

Lāg . . 306 L{tkh . . 308 Langotā . . 309

L6ga . . 306 ILākh . 308 Langott . . 309
Lagfti . . . . . 307 Lakh . . 308 f्रं '. . . . . . : 309
ILagatwfil6 . . 307 ILākh . . 308 Lfto . . . . . . 309
_

Lagan - - . 306 Lakhan . 308 L6ocharas 309

Lagfin • . 306 Lakharāj . . . . 308 Laochurrus . 309
Lagān . . . . 307 ILakharājibhumi . . 308 Lapo . . . 309
Laganchithi . . 307 ILākhirāj . . 308 Lapua . . . . . 309
Laganchitf . . 307 Lakhirājdār . . . 308 Lar - - - - - - - - 309
Lagan-tak6 . . 307 Lākhirāj Zamfn . 308 Lark6 . . . . . . . 309
Lagatā . . . . 307 ILakhotā . . . 308 Larkākol . . . . . . . 309
Lagatlākhotā . 307 Lākhotā . . 308 Larkf 309
Lagga . . 306 ILakhtang . . . 308 Larki6. . 309
Laggi . . 306 Lakhun . . . . . 308 L6s6।। . 310
Lagha . 307 Lakhunpardhu . . . 308 Lascar .. 310
Laghai . 307 Lakir . . . . 308 ILāsh . 310
Laghanta . 307 Lakft . . . 308 Lashkar 310
Lagi . . 306 Lākshā . . 308 I2ashkarf . 310
Lagft. . 307 Laksha . . 308 Lasmāmāti . 310
Lagitf . . . 307 Lakshan . . 308 Lat . . . 310
ILfiglfigwad . . 307 Lakshana _ . 308 . 313
Lagna • . . 307 Lakshmansingh . 308 Latan . . . . . . . 310
ILagnachithf . 307 Lakshmf . 308 L6te . 310 ___

Lagnachitt . 307 Lakshmfbār . . 308 IAtth . 310

Lagnaghatikā . 307 Lakshmiptij6 . . 308 IAftth . . . . . . 310
Lagnaka . . 307 Lakshmivar . . . 308 Lāthf . . . . . . 310
I,agnakagrahan . 307 Laktf . 309 Lathf . . 310
Lagnapatra - . 307 ILālā . . 308 IL6thiwāl _ ' ं ऊँii)
ILagnapatrikā . 307 L{tlf . . 308 L6thiwalā . .310 . . .
Lagna-takf . . 307 ILalj:ttrf . . 309 L6thiyāl . 310
. . . . .
Lagtā . . . 307 Lalla . . . 308 Litti । . . . . . . . . 310
Lagtā . . . 307 Laman . . . 308 Latkaniyā . . . . . . 310
Lagtājab . . 307 Lambitdf . . 308 Lattā . . . . . . . 310
Lagtālākhot6।। . 307 Lamballie . . 308 Lattfe . . . . . 3I0
Lagtf . . 307 Lambfin . 308 Laukika . . . . . . . 313
Lagtfwar . . 307 Lambani। . 308 Laund . . . . . . 310 ।
Lfiguligādu। . 307 Lambarā . . . 308 Laund6।। . 310
IAfigwad . . 307 ILambardār . 309 Laundf . .' ः ॐii)
L6gwam . . 307 Lambardārf . . 309 Laun . _____ . . 310
ILahad . . 307 Lambārf ___ . 309 Laune . . . . . . 310
ithāibhainā . . 307 ILambarf-makadam6 . . 309 Launi . . . 310
ILahamā . 307 ILambheri . . . 309 Launf . _ . 310
ILahamabfiki . 30?' Lamchitrf . . 309 Laus . . 310
ILahanme . . . 307 ILftmchf . . . 309 Lawa . . . . . . 310
ILahanfhundi . 307 ILamhar . . 309 Lawan . . 310
Lahārf . . 307 ILamhan . . 309 Lavana . ' ं āi0
IAahariya . 307 Lampocha . . 309 IAavama . 310
Lithf . . . 307 309 IAftvana . ' ः. ॐj)
Lahlhi। . 308
Lan . . } 505
ILāvanamu। 310
ILahn6 . _ . 307 IAftnftbandi . . 309 L6vame . . 310
ILfthorf nimak . 308 ILanat . . 309 ILftvanf . . . . 310
Lahtār . . 308 ILanch . . 309 Lāvani patrak . . 310
Lftik . . . 308 Lancha . . 309 ILawf _ . 310
Litikabad . 308 Lanchagftr . 309 ILāvanyārjitam . 310
ILaikbanjar . 308 Lanchākhor . 309 Lawu . . . . . . . . 310
Laikparif) . 308 Lanchakuli . . . 309 ILftw6।। . 310
ILftikpatit . 308 ILanchamu . . 309 ILawftda . . 310
LaikZamin . . 308 ILftnchkhor . . 309 ’ ILawfidi . . 310
Lailat ul kadir . 308 ILanchlttch . . 309 ILawfthak . 310
Lailat ul mirāj . . . 308 Lanchltichpat . . 309 Lawājima _
. 310
L6j6 . . 308 ILangal . . 309 Lftwarisं • . . . . . 310
Lājim . . . 310 * Langal6 . . 309 IL6wārist . . 310
Lftk . . . 308 Langaliyā . . 309 Lawftrismāl . 310
IAftk . . 308 Langar . 309 IAawa2im . . 310
Lakab . 308 Langarkhāna . . . 309 Law62ima - - - . 310
fikāiambंki ” . 308 Langarkharch . . 309 Lawāaim-i-sanad . 3l l
668
 LAZ LOBI MAD
col Page Page c 6]

L6Zim Lohāmahāl . . 312 Lukibidyā . 3l8

Lehenu Lohār _____ . 312 Lukta . . . 3l3
ILekek . ILohār barheya . . 312 Lulep . . . . . . . . 313
Lekhā . ILohār khāna 312 ILulf . • . . . . Gl3
Lekha . . ILohori 312 Lum . . 3l3
Lekhātbahf . ILok . . . 312 Ltin . . {Bl3
Lekhājokā . Loka . . . . 3l2 ILunār . . . 313
Lekhak . ILokālaya . 313 Lung . 3l3
Lekhanikan ILOkan . . . 3l3 IAungf . 3l3
Lekhaparhā . Lokāranya . . 3l3 Luno . {Bl{}
. . 3l3 Lttt . . 3l3
Lekhapatra .
Lekhapramāna .
Lekhā upare
Lekhkft
Lekhkha
Lekhya . . . .
Lekhyalakshana .
Lekka
Lenden .
ILenādenā .
Lendkf6 .
ILeme
Lep . . .
Lepaka . .
Lewa
Lewfili
Lewedewe .
LeZam .
Lfā .
ILiffifa . .
Ligādu .
Lokāyata .
Lokāyita
ILol .
ILolf .
ILomballie

ILon
ILon6.
Lonamātf .
ILonār
Lonftrf
LOnditedu .
ILonf
Loni6.
Loon .
ILoot .
Lopa
.

ILombardie .

Lo-paikari .
Lopi-khān
Lopikhān .
##
Lopisingh
8
.
.

. •
.

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.

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.
.
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.
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-

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308
308
3l3
313
3l3
3l3
3l3
313
3l3
3l3
313
3l3
3l3
313
3l3
3l3
3l3
Ltitāi . . . . .
Lutārā . . . .
Lutāti . . . .
LtttbaZ . . . .
IAtiti . . . . . .
Ltttta .
ILtttfwālā
ILtttiyārā .
ILtttkhttt
Ltttpāt

Mā . .
Mā . .
Maafee. .
Maaffee
Māafie . .
______

. .

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M.

.
. .
. .
. .
. .

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.
.
.
.

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3l3
3l3
3l8
313
3l3
3l3

3l4
{Bl4
345
346
346
।
Ligirā . . 313 Maafymujray . . . 347
Lihaindf Loprahnā . 313 Maākil _ . 322
Likchhau। Lot . . . . 313 Maākilat . . . 3l4
ILikhā ILotbandi . . 3l3 Maal . . 318
Likhan ILotti 313 Maāl . . . . 823
Likhita . Lotu . . 3l3 Maalandeshi . 323
Likhfta __ L6tu . . 3l3 Maāsh . . . 3l4
Likhitasākshf . ILowne . . 310 Maar . . 33l
ILikkha Lownee . . 310 Maazaul . . . 337
Lilām Mabar .
ILilati . ILubbee . . 306 Mablagh . : ंij
Linga _
ILubee . . 306 314
Lingabanajigār . Lugee . 306 Mablaghbandf . 587
Lingadhārf . Luggee . . . . . 306 Māch . . 3l4
Linga-ft . Lugun . . • . 306 Māchā . . 3l4
Lingakāya . Lugun . . . . 307 Machadi6. . 3l4
Lingavant Lukub . . 308 Machlimāvu .
Lingf ILukhee . . 308 Machlipannu। . . 3l4
Lingumut ILukmi . 308 Machān . . 3l4
ILip . Lumburdar . . . 309 Mātchān . 3l4
ILipi Lummur . 308 Machh . 3l4
ILumun . 308 Māchh . . . 3l4
ILiprā
ILiru6 . ILungot . 309 Machha . 3l4
ILityf . IAungur . . . . . 309 Machhemu। . . 3l4
LoaZima Lungurkhurch . . 309 Machhf . . 314
Lochhā Lur . . . . . . 309 Māchhi . . 3l4
ILod . . Lushkur . 310 Māchhimār . . . 3l4
ILodh . Luttie . . 310 Mlachhua . • . 3l4
Lodha . Lutteeal . . . . . 310 Māchhuyā . . 3l4
ILodh6 . ILuttha . . . . . . 3l0 Māchf . . . 3l4
ILodhf Luximee . 308 Mad . . . 3l4
Log . Mada . . 3l4
L6gar . ILuchchā . . . 313 Māda . . . . . . . 314
ILogili . Lugadā . 3l3 Māda . . . . . . . . 3l4
ILoha . . . Lugarā . . . . . . . 313 Madad . . 314
ILohabhisftra _
Lugareg . 3l3 Madad . 314
669
 MAD MAD MAH
Page col. 1ine t Page c O1.

Madadgār . . . . {Bl4 l6 । Madupubidu। . . 3l0 Mahitl6 .

Madad kharch . . 3l4 l8 | Maduve . . 316 Mahalaya .
Madad maāsh . . 314 20 । Maduweprasta Mahaldār
Madagada . . . . . 314 29 । Madwa Mahitldār .
Madagadadapatra . . 314 3l | Maffee Mahātli
Madagu . _____
. 314 33 । Mafktid . Mahal-i-muira
Madai ' ः ंiā 35 | Mafkud al khabar. _
Mahāljhadtt
Madak . . 3l4 {} | Māg . . . . . Mahitljharti .
Madaka . ' ं ँii 3 | Māg . Mahālkarf
Madaka . 3l4 39 । Maga . Mahalla .
Madakhal . ' ं ंij 4l | Māgadha . Mahallā . . .
Madākhil . . . . . 314 4 I । Magāhf . Mahallad{tr .
Madākhilmakharij ' ं ँiā l । Māgam Mahallf .
Madakhor . 314 6 । Magamai Mahitlmasritt
Madanotsava . . 3l5 4 । Māgana Mahalmilānf
Madār . 315 7 | Māgatnam Mahalnawftrft
Madāri 315 l2 | Māgani Mah६lojhā .
Madārkār ' । ___ . 315 ll | Māgani . Mahalpatti
Mādaru . _ . 3lā) I5 | Māgani . . Mahitlsādirwftrid .
Mādarukasabuvari . 316 l8 | Māg:tni . Mahalsarā
Madar-ul-mahām . 315 9 | Māgani-paiki-grftm Mahālsibandf .
Madd . _____ . 3l4 4l | Magftnipalisa . Mahālu
Maddiohakka ijara . ' ः ॐiā 20 | Māgankhftndāftf Mahāmantrf
Maddiyam _
. 315 2े । Maganny Mahatmārf
Made ' ः ंiā 23 | Magar . Mahana .
Madegaru . . 315 7 | Magarom Mahānftdu।
Madehola ' ः ंiā 25 | Magaun Mahānavamf
Madekattu। . 315 25 | Magdar . Mahāni
Madepālu ' ं ंiā 28 | Magga Mahant .
Madesthum . . . 315 40 | Maggamu। Mahanta .
Madhagharf . . . 3lā 30 | Magh। Mahanti .
Mādhavi . _ . 3lā) 33 | Māgh . Māthānti
Madhu . . 3l5 84 । Magha Mahāpāta _

Madhunda . . 315 37 | Māghārin Mahāpātaka .

Madhuparka . Bl5 40 | Māghāt Mahaprasāda .
Madhuprāsana . . . 3l5 ii | Wiंhā-kipiasal.' . Mahitpurush .
Madhur . . 316 4 | Maght . Mahāpurusha .
Madhura . . 315 4 | Maghiya . Mahār .
Madhuri . ___ . 3l5 6 | Maghomy . Māthārā .
Madhwa-āchārya . . 315 l4 | Mitghrab Mahārājā .
Mādhwf . _ . 3lā Mahārānf
Madhya . . . 3l5 {} Maghrabi . Mahātritshtra .
Madhyades . . 315 20 । Maghrib . Māth:trf . ___

Madhyaprasangft . . 3l5 35 । Maghrttr Mahitrishi . .

Madhyastha . 315 80 | Magi . Mahārkf
Madhyasthamār . 3l5 38 | Magra . Mahārkiwatan .
Midhyasthyam . 315 40 | Māh Mahārmahārkf
Madhyavarttt . 315 43 | Mahā Mahitrpunj .
Madhye . . 315 20 | Māth: . . . . . Maharshi
Madi . . . 3lā 45 । Mahaibrithmana . Mahārwara .
Madi . . . 316 I l Mahadeo . Mahārwārā
Maidf . . 316 2 | Mahādeva . Mahasankrftnti .
Madiga . ' ं ātā 0 | Mahadewf Māthasatf
Mādigavftdu। . 316 8 | Mahatjan Mahāsaya
Mādige . ' ं ँiं l0 | Mahajan . Mahaseeba .
Madiki . 316 l2 | Mahājana Mahatsh
Madipu . . 3] 6 l | Mahitjanam . Mahashoy .
Mādiri . . . 316 I3 | Mahajanapgal . Mahātsil
Madivala ' ः ंiं l5 | Mahajanlagftn Mahatshtamt ' _____

Madive . 310 20 | Mahajaru Mah:tsulu .

Madoria ' ः ंi6 l6 | Mahāk{tla . . Mahitsuludftrudu .
Madrasa . . 3l6 l7 | Mahfikālf . . Mahatra . . .
Madressah . ' ं ऊँiं lT | Mahal . . . . . Mahattrftn .
M{tdr f . . 316 13 | Mah{tl Mahawat .
Madrissah . . 316 l7 | Mah{tl . Mahātwath .
Madum . 588 30 | Mahal Mahāyajna
Madumu। __ . {Bl6 I 21 | Mahal:ः '। 319 Mah{tyat
070
 MAH MAL
Page c ol. Page col. line Pagre col.
MahaZer nama . . 360 Main . 321 19 Makbara . . 322
Mahbas . . 319 Mainātta . . 321 Makbti?a . . . 322
Mahbtis . . 319 Maind Makfttl . 247
Mahbttskhāna . 319 Maindh Makhal . . 587
Mahbtts sanad . . 319 Mainkavilgftr . Makhama . . 322
Mahdi . 320 Mairā . Makhārij . . 822
Māhe . . . 318 Maisāla . Makhlāsf. .
Māhewarf lekha _ _ . . 318 Maisāladapatra . _ _
Makhlāsf . . . 322
Maheswara . . . 318 Mait . Makhlttt . . 322
Māheswara . . 318 Maiyat Makhmal . . . 322
Mahfy . . 346 Wiiyāpāhani _ _ Makhraj . . 322
Māhi . 320 Māj . . . Makhtā . . 322
Māhiāna . . 318 Majal . Makhtāshistu . . 322
Māhigujasta . 318 Majal . Makhtedār . . 322
Mahimajkttru . . 318 Mājan Makhtekarf . . 322
Mahimān . 338 Majanangal . _
Makkalasantāna . . {Bl6
Māhimurātib . . 320 Mājaphiryād Makkal santan . :Bl 6
Mahinā . . 318 Majara Makkalu . . {Bl6
Mahfta . . 320 Mājarā . Mākkam . 322
Mahftichāh . 96 Mājarā Makkatāyam . 587
Mahivitsf . . . 320 Mājareg Makki . 322
Mahjitr . . 320 Maja Z Makr . . . . 322
Mahkama aikif . . 320 Majda . Makrith . . 322
Mahkār . . 322 Mājh . Maksttm . . 322
Mahktib . . 33b Majhār . 315 Makfa . 322
Mahl . . . 320 Mājhari . Maktā . . . 322
Mahlttf . . . 320 Mājhe . Maktāguttā . . 322
Mahluf alehf . 320 Mājhi . Māktākaulu . . 322
Mahooteran . . . 318 Majhlā. Makted{tr . . 322
Mahout . . 318 Mājt . Maktekarf . . 322
Mahr . . 320 Mājf Mak?tif . . 322
320 Mājt-amaldar . . Māl . . 322
Mahrāna 587 Mal6 . . 322
Majili .
Mahr-i-misl . 320 Majlis Māla . . . 323
Mahr muajil . 320 Majmal . Māla . . . 323
Mahr-muwajil . . 320 Majmu। Mālā . . 323
Mahr māma . . 320 Majmtt Mala . . . 324
Mahrtts . . 320 Majmua Mālādālat . . 322
Mahrttsa . . . :B20 Majmuaa Malachia . 324
Mahsil . 320 Malai . . . 323
Mahsttl . . . . 320 Majmttadār . { Malai . . 324
Mahsttldār . . . 320 Majmtidār Malaf . . . . 387
Mahgfilf . . 320 Majmtin Malaichārpu।
Mahsttl-i-sāir . . 320 Majrā . Malaipunam . . 324
Mahtā . . . . 320 Majitl Mālak . . 326
Māthtādi . . 320 Majttm Malākār . • . 324
Mahto . . . 320 Majum . Malakrushi . . 324
Mahtool . . 334 Majumdār M{tlakudāru . . . 323
Mahtoot . . 834 Majun Malamās . 324
Mahtus . . 320 Majttr . Malamāsa . 324
Mahttā . . 320 Majur6-dāst Malan 324
Mahttr . 320 Majitrf . Malanāda . . 324
Mahw6 . 320 Majtts . . Malang . . 324
Mahwftr . 318 Mājwf . Malanga . . 324
Mahwitrā . . . 318 Makā . Malangaharā . 324
Mahwārf . . 318 Makadam . Malangcharān . . . 325
Mah2ar . 320 Makaddama Malangf . . 324
Mah7ar khānā _ _ . 321 Mākal . Malanf . 324
Mah2ar nāma . . 321 Mākāla . 317 Malaniyā . 324
Māf . . 321 Makalat . Malankar . . 324
Maidā . . . . 32l Makān Mālavādu . . 323
Maidān . . . 321 Makānā Malavanti - - . . 324
Maigada . . . 32l Makāndār Malavāram . . 324
Maik{tdu। . 32l Makanfpalisa Malavarf . . . 324
Maikaria . . . 32l Makar Malavatf . 324
Maileru . . 321 Makār . Malavelan . . 326
Mailwarum . . 338 Makaram . ' . . ā8ां Mālawat . 323
6Ti
 MAL MAL MAN
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Malay . . . . . 324।। Mālmādu। Mānapani - • 326
Malayalam ' ं Māl-o-matāa Manatappan - . . 327
Malayan . Maloom Manfttahsil . . 326
Malbft. . . . Manautf . . . 327।।
Malpttpu . _

Malbākharch Mālu . . Manautidar - - - . 327

Malbtis . . Wiiitgamiaāf bhttini . Mānavāri . . . 327
Malbtts khās . Mālwājib Manavi . . __ . 327
Malcoodar . Mālwujuhāt . ManāZil mulftZima . . 330
Māldār Māl?āmin . ManāZil mutabāyina . 33
Māldhanf Mal26mini Mānchātdf . . 329
Male . . . . Māmā Manchādiyid . 327
Malegaladanelu। Māmān _______ Manchu। . . 327
Māleg . . _____ Mamalikmahrtisa . . Manche . . 314
Malevār . . . Mamera . Manchige . . 3l4
Malewarum . Mamerfibhāi। Mancurry . 326
Malffif . . Mamerābahin Manda _ . . 327
MalgooZar . Māmf Māndā . . . . . . 327
MālgooZarry Mamfāsās Mandabānchak . . . 327
Mālgujitr Mamisasur . Māndftbandhā . . 327
Mālgu?ār Māml6 . . Mandiif . . 327
MalguZārf Māmlāhāl . Mandāf . . 327
Mālgu?ftrt-aima Māmlat Mandai _____ . 327
Mālgu?āri tahsil kul _ Māmlatdār Manda-ichhak . . . 327
Malhak . . . Māmlatdārf . Mandaikarai . . . 327
Mātlf . . . Māmledar Mandaimurai . . 327
Mālf . Mamlttk . Mandaivarisai . . 327
Mālf . . Mamtua . Mandaiv6li . 327
Mālfat . Mamu . Mandaharakudu। . . 328
Maliconna Māmtt Mamdal . . 327
Malige Mātmttl Mandāmammami . 328
Malik . Māmttlf . Mandamu . 328
Mālik . Māmulf-bāttā Mandap . . 328
Mālfk. Man . Mandapa . . 328
Man . Mandasa . . . 328
Mālikāna . } Mān . Māndau . . 328
Mālikāna khāngf Main Mandava . . . . . 328
Malikāna rustim Mātna Mandava khandanf . . . 328
Mālik hissa. Māna . Māndavf . . . . 328
Mātlikfat ______ 325 Māna Mande . . . . 328
Mālikmukaddam . . Māna . Mandegftr . . 328
Mālik-muharrarfdār Māna . Mandeyenne . . . 328
Mālik-2amindār . Mama . Mandhan . . . . . . . 587
Mālfm . Manā . . . . Mandf __ . 328
Māl-i-sftir . Mānachitwal . . Mandil . 328
Mātlish Manāchithi . Mandir . . . 328
Mālishdār Mānahāni Mandira . . . 328
Malist . Mānahina Mandooy . . . 587
Mātljitmin Manāf . Mandovy . . . . 328
Māljamin . । 323 Mamai Manduii. . . . . 328
Maljamin . Manaichfttu . Mandwa . . . . . . . 328
Mal-jāminf Manaikirāyachittu Mandwā . . . . . . . 328
Māljapti Mamaikkattu। Mane . . . . . . . . 326
Māljihat . Manaikkattu mivesanam Mane . . . . . . . . 328
Mātlkāndi Manaikolavan Man6bftdige . . . . . . 327
Malkatnf Manaimuri . . . . Man6b6sāyada bhttmi . 327।।
Mālkhāmātr Man6derugi . . . 327
Manaivari .
Mālkhāna Mandguttige . 327
Malla Manaividu . Manehesaru . . . 327
Mall6 . Manakattaf Manelāvādu। . 328
Mallāth . Manal ___
Man6terige . 327
Mallār . Manalachari . Māng . . 328
Mallek Manaladittarisu। Mangal . 328
Mallu . Manaltaram . . Mangala . 328
Malmard Manalu . Mangalan . . . . 328
Malmal . Manamādu . Mangalfishtaka . 328
Malmalā . . Manamarfilu . . . Mangalastitra . . 328
Mālmuft . . . . ' ं; Mānamāri Mangalavādu . . 328
672
 MAN MAN MAR

Page col. Page col. Page

Mangalavāra . . 328 Mannoddaru। . . . . 330 331
Marammat
Mangalbar . . 328 Mammukudaiyavan . . . . 326 588
Mangalf . . . 328 Manotf . . . . . . 327 Marammat-sawāl . 588
Mangali . . . 328 Manovarte fnāmu . . . 330 Marammatujabitā . . . 33l
Mangalia . . . . 328 Manovartf . . . 330 Māran . 33l
Mangalich6 . 328 Mānpān . . . 326 Māran . . 33l
Māngan . . 328 Mansab . . 330 Mārana . . 33l
Mangat . . 329 Mansabd6r . . . 330 Māraphat.. . . 332
Mangatar . 329 Mansabdārān . . 330 Māraphatto . -
. 332
Mangi Mansabzāt . . 330 Marappani kāran . . . 33l
Māngnā . 328 Mansaj . . . . 330 Marari . ___ . . 33l
Mangni . . 328 Manshā . . . 330 Mārāta . . 33l
Mangtā . . . 329 Mansij . . 330 Marattalai . • . . . . 33l
Mānhā . . 329 Manstib . . 330 Marattalai āyakkattu . . . 331
Māni . . 587 Mamsub6।। . 330 Marawarttana . . . . . 588
Maniār . . 329 Marawidai . 33l
Mansttbah . 330
Manicut . . 587 Mansubdār . . 330 Mārbaddi। 43
Maniga . . 329 Mansubf . . . 330 Mārg . . 33l
Manihār . . 329 Mantā . 588 Mārga . 33l
Manihāmu . . 329 Mantf . . 330 Mārgalf. . . . . . 332
Mānik . . 329 Mantra . . 330 Mārgapāla . . . 332
Mamikāram . . . 829 Mantrf . . 330 Mārgasfrsha . . 332
Manikāweli . . . 329 Mārggakāran . . 33l
Manugu . . 326
Manike . . 326 Manttti . . 330 Marghat . . . 332
Maniko . Manwantara . 330 Mārgf . 332
Manipam .' ं हॆ3ीं Mānyam . . . 330 Mārha . . 332
Manivār . . . 329 Marhala . . 588
Manyamu . . 330
Maniwi . ManZil . . . 330 Marhttm . . 332
Maniya _
. : ं20 _ 831 Marhttn . . 332
Maniyagādu . . . 329 Manātir _ { 588 Mātrf . . . 3l6
Maniyagāra . Māri . . 33]
Māty mawāsa . . 33l
Maniyakāran . . . 329
_ 331
Mārf . . . . 332
Māniyakāran . . 330 Māp _ { 588 Mārf . . . . 332
Maniyam . 329
Māpa . . . 33l
Marfch . 332
Māniyam . . 330 Marifat . . 332
Maniyamu . . 329 Māpā . . . 588
Māriga . . 332
. 329
Māpārf . . . 33l
. . 332
Maniyami . Marig6mbu।
Manj . . . 329 Māpārki . . 588
Marig6mmu। . . 332
Manjā . . . 329 Māpdāri . . 331 Mārfkālam . . 332
Mānjadi. . . 329 Māphiai . 346 Marikāru . . . 332
Manjali . . 329 Māphf . . . . . . 346
Mariyā . . 332
Mapjanfr _
. 329 Māphichitthi . . 340
Marjādā . . . 332
Magjanfr chittu। . 329 Māphidār. . 346 Markā . 588
Manjanfrppillaf . 329 Māphtjamin . 346 Markal . . 33l
. 329
Māphisftl . • . . 347
Mārkamu . . 332
Mānjh . _
Mitpjonk . . 33l
Mānjhā . . 329 Markārf . 332
. . 329
Mappatti . . 33l
Marocha
Mānjhi Māppilla . 33l
Manjil . . 330 Marot . . 332
Manjitr . • • • 33L Mappillamār 331 Mitrpft . . 33l
Mānjwār . . 329 Māppurawānā . 441 Marroopattom . . . 332
Mankanf . . 329
Māptep 33l Marsa . . 332
Mānkarf . . 326 Māptol 331 Marsia . . 332
Mankhela . . 329
Māptu . 33l Maru। _ . 332
Mankf - . . . . .। 329 Mār . . . . . . 33l Marubhttmi . . . 832
Manktiha . . . 587 Mār . . . . . 33l . 332
Marudes
Mār . _____ . 33l Martil . . . . . . 332
Mankttla . 329
Mammakkal . . 326
Māra . . . . • . 33l Marumakkal . . . 332
Manna . . 329 Mār6 . . 33l Marumakkan . . 332
Mannam . . . 329 Mārādi। . 332 Marumakkattāyam . . 332
Mannattān . . 329 Marāi . . • . . 33I . . 332
Marupanayam .
Mannavedu . . . . 329 Marakādu . . 33l
Marupāttam . 332
Mannevāda kāvali . . 587 Marakālam . . . . 33I 332
331 Marupitttamchit
Mānnew6du
330
587
Marakkāl
_

• } ं; Marusthal . .
409
332
Manni . . . 330 Maram . 33l Marwiliyā . . . 332
Mannfppam . 587 Māramāri . . 33l Mārw6. . . • . 332
Manntppu। ___
. 587 Marāmat . 33l Marwal . 588
673
 MAT MAZ
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Mārwarf . 332 Matan . . 334 Maula . . . . . . 588

__-__ 332 Matangf 334 Maula ftal6 . . . . . . 335
Maryādā . . 588 Matat . _ . 343 Maula asfal . . . . . 335
Mās . . . . . . . 332 Mātter6 . . 335 Maulānā . . . . 33b
Māsa . . . . . . . . 332 Math . . 334 Maulawf . . . . . 336
Māts:ः . 333 Mātth . 334 Mauli . . . . . 336
Mās6 . . . 333 Matha . 334 Maultid . . . . . 336
Ma5āgat . . . 333 Mathada davasa . . 334 Maund . . . . . . . 326
Masāgatf . . . . 333 Mathadaiyya . 334 Maunf . . . . . . . 336
Māsaharā . . 333 Mathādipati . 588 Maunium . . . . . 330
Masāhat . . 333 Mathadiputty . . . 588 Maunja - - - - - . 336
Masak . . . . . . 333 Matham . 588 Maunjf . . . . . . . 330
Masftlā . . . . . . 333 Māthām . . 334 Mauphee . . . . . . 346
Masālah . . _____ 333 Māthānjamf . . 834 Maurhfa . . . . . . 336
Masalia band o bast . . 588 Mathāpatf . ' ः ं Maurtts . . . 336
Masftn . . . . . . 333 Mathapatttjodi . . 834 Maurttst . . . . 336
Masāni hurfः . . 333 Mftthitphor . ' ः ं Maurttsf aima . 588
Māsāntikam . . . . 332 Mathaut . 834 Maurttsf asftmf . 336
Masftri . . . . . . . 333 Mātthchitā . . 334 Maurttst ijitrā . 336
Māsa.wriddhi 333 Mathooty . 334 Maurttst mukaddam . 336
Māsh . . . 333 Mathote . ' ं ँ Maurttst raiyat . 336
Māsha . . 333 Mati . . 335 Mausil . . . 320
Mashāikh . . 333 Mātf . 336 Mau7a ____ 336
Mashak . . . 333 Mātf . 335 Mau7a aslf . . . . . . 330
Mashātkatu। . 333 Māttikāttā . 335 Mau7a dākhilf . 336
Mashakkat . . 333 Matfl . . 347 MauZawār . . 336
Mashal . 333 Mātiyāl . . 335 MauZinā . . 336
Mashalcht . . 333 Mattyāra . . 335 MauZZina 583
Mashāta . . 333 Māttyārf . 33b Māva . . . . 336
Mashhttr . . . 333 Matlab . 336 Mavadai . . . 336
Mashfat . . 333 Mātri. 'ं ॐ Mavasu _ . . . 336
Mashikāran . . 333 Mitihandhi. . 335 Māvidai . . . . . - 336
Mashk . . . . 333 Mātridatta . . 335 Māvidai maravida। . . 336
Māshkalāy . . . 333 Matrtik . . 335 Mavilan . . . . . . . 336
Mashrik . 333 Matrttka . 336 Mavuje - . . . 386
Mashrt1a . . . . 333 Matrttkāt . 335 Maw . . . . . - - 335
Mashrttt . . . . . . . 333 Matsyamu . 314 Mawājib . 588
Mashrutdiwftni . 333 Matsyāndika . 335 Mawakil . . 322
Mashrttt-faujdārf . 333 Mātta . . 335 Mātwal . 336
Mashrttt-i-thanajat . 333 Mātttam . . 335 Mawār _____ 588
Māsi . . . . . 333 Mattam . . 385 Mawftshf . . . . . . 336
Masf . . 333 Matthāpatf. . 334 Mftwftt . 346
Masimāt . . . 334 Ma1tf . . 335 Mawesi . 337
Mātskabatr . . 333 Matti . 335 Mawil . . 337
Maskhabar . . 333 Matti6. . • . 335 Mawili . 337
Maskhawar . . 333 Mattiftl . 588 Māy . . . . 337
Masla . . . . 334 Mattf:trā . . 335 Māy fij6 . . 337
Masntin . . . . . . 334 Mattiār chāhf . . 335 Mity fijt . . 337
Mastakāvaghrāna . . 334 Māttu pongol 421 Mayar6।। . 337
Mastān . . 334 Matturawānā . . 44 l Mayin . . . 347
Mastisa . . . . . 334 Matua . . 335 MaZftrat . 337
Masuda . . . _ . 334 Matttl . . 336 MaZ:trf _ 337
Masttla . . . . . 334 Māttul . . . 335 MaZdttr . . . . . 337
Masttr . 334 Māttula . . 336 Mazdttrf . . . . . 337
Maswada . . . 334 Mātulānf . . 335 Mazdttr-pattt . . . . . 337
Maawādi . . 334 Matw{tl6.. . 835 Ma?hab . . . . . . . 337
Maswftri . . 331 Mau। . 335
Mātt . . 334 Matift . . 320 Miºf . . . . . . .} ं
Mata . . 334 Mauja . . 336 MaZir khana . . . . . 589
Mata . . . . 334 Mauj:twar . 336 Ma?kttr . . . . . . . 337
Matāta . • . . . . 334 Mauje . . 336 Ma?kttrftt . . 337
Mātabarf . . . . . . 347 Mauji . 336 Ma?kttri . . . . . . 337
Matakola . . . . . . . 831 Maujitdāt . . 335 Ma?kttri mahātl . . 337
Matakolakāran • • • • 334 Mauktif . . 335 Ma?ktirf mitlgu?ār . . 337
Mātam . . . . . . . 33-! Makttff . 335 Ma7kttri mukaddam . . 337
Mātamdār . . 334 Maul . . 322 Māt?kttrf raiyat . . . . 337
Mātampursi . . 334 Maul6. . 835 Ma?kttrf taaluk . 337
( 1।
 MAZ MBL MIH

Page Page
Maटra . . 337 Melu . . 338 M61i
Māटttl . . 337 Melupairu . 4l3 Metf .
MaZtilf . _ . 337 338 M6tid{tru .
M6lurāsf .
M62ttli daftar . . 337 439 Metigoda .
MaZtilf daftar . . 337 M6luvāram . . 338 M6tik6ru .
MaZtin . . 337 Melvaippu . . 339 M6tipālu .
Mā?ttn . . . 337 Melvappu। _
. . 588 Metfrayat .
Mechchil . 338 M6lvāra-ijitrā-kāul . 588 Metrān .
Mechhuy6।। . . 338 338 Metta . . . . .
Medā . . 338 M6lvāram 541 Mettaguddalu . .
Meda
Medara .
Medaravan
Mede .
. .

.
.

.
.
.
.
338
338
338
338
338
M6lvāram tirw6f
M6lvāsf .
Melv6winpa .
{ 588
338
588
. 339
. 339
Mettajagā
Mettavarf
Metti .
Mettu
Mettu .
Medh .
Medh6।। . 338 #ं## ' ं ँ Mettukāran
Medhedāf . . 338 M6lvichāram . 339
Medhedāfk . . 338 Memān . . 339 Metuvari .
Medhf . . . 338 Mena . . . . . 389 M6vu।
Medhom . 340 M6nag6dalu . . 339 Mewafarosh .
Medf . . 338 Menalludu। Mewās
Medom . . 340 Menamām6।। . 339 Mewāsf
Meer . • . 342 M6natta . 339 Mew6tf . .
. . 338 M6navan . 339 Meyaru .
Meg6lu .
. . 317 Mend . . 339 Mdykirava
Mehajin . . .
. 338 Mend6 . 339 M6ypukaran .
Megpanna .
Mehaul _____
. . 318 Mendh . 588 M6yssal .
Meher-gilandā2f . . 588 Mendh6. . . • .. . 339 Mhaisāpattf .
Meheto . ___
. 338 Mendhā bancharāf . . 339 Mhal.
Mehewassee . . 588 Mendh bandi . . 339 Mhal .
Mehmān . 338 Mendhf . 339 Mhao -

. 338 Menha . . 588 Mhāomhārhi .

Mehtar .
Mehtar . . 338 Menewar . . 339 Mhār .
Mehto . 338 Menhdi . . 339 Mher .
Mehtree . Menipātam . . . 339 Mhatoot .
Mehun6. . 338 Menivilachihil . . 339 Mhotarapha .
. . 338 Menjogi . 339 Mhow
Mehunf
Mei . . . . 338 M6nkāval . . 339 Miaād .
. 338 M6nkāvalgār . 339 Mfaādf .
Meikhuntt
Mej . . . 338 M6nokl . 338 Miaādf-ijarā .
. 338 Menon . . 339 Mffin .
Mejdād 339 Mifina .
. 338 Meo . . . .
Mejdast
. . 838 MAppulam . . 339 Mifinādmf .
Mejdāt Mifinf .
Mekhi . 338 M6ra . . 339
Meki . . . 338 M6ra . . 339 Miaritj
. . 338 M6rai . . 339 Mibar .
M61 _

. . 339 Meraidittam . 339 Micharom .

Mel . _

Melā . . . . . . 339 Meraimāniyam . . 330 Michavāram

M6lādhikāram . . 338 Meraka . . 339 Michcham .
Melādik6 _
. 339 Merawanige . . . 339 Michchavāram .
. . . . . 338 M6re . 339 Michhrf . .
M6lāl . _

. 34l Mere . . 339 Midde . .

Melanjumabundee
Melati . . . 338 Merh . . . . 339 yiyā.' . . . . .
Meldār . . 339 Merhbandf . 839 Migike
Mele . . . 338 Meri6. . . .' ः ं; Migte
Meleralai . . 338 Meriyā . 339 Migute
M6lerutta ____
. . 338 Mdruve . . 339 Miguvike
Meleruttu kachcherf . . 338 Mesari . 340 Mihmān
Melkanakka . . . 338 Mesha . 339 Milmāndār
Melkānam . . 338 M6stak . 340 Mihmānf .
M6lkaram . 338 Mestrf . 343 Mfhmānkhāna .
MAlkoyimma _
. 338 Met . 340 Mihmānsarā .
. . 338 Meta . . 340 Mihmānvāram .
M6lkoyimma sthānam • . 314 • . 340 Mihnat
M6lmadai . Meta .
. . 338 M6ta . . 340 Mihnatānā .
M6lmāniyam . 338 . 340 Mihnatf
M6lnoki . M6tarangam
. 588 M6tarf . 340 Mihr .
Mgls6dhanam
675
 MIH MiR MOH
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Mihrkatti . • • 34l 1 45 Mfr sāmān Mocuddimy .
Mihtar . . 338 1 26 Mfr shikār . Mocudmy
Mihuntana . . 588 2 25 Mir tuZak Mocurrer .
Mijhari . 341 MirZ6।। Mocurrey
Milan .
Milān .
• . 34l ई Misan . Mod .
. . 34l Mishar . Modafat
Milānf . 34l
__
Miskāl Modak
Milānjamābandf .
Mflk .
Milkeut .
Milkf
Milkfat

Milk kharidagf .
Milkyet .
Mfm
Mfmānsā
Mfmānsaka .
Minak .
• .

.
.

Milkfat-istamrārf . . . .
.
. .
.
. .

Milkf lākhirāj . . . . . 34l

Milk-kharfdadār .
. .

• . .
. .
.
.
. .
.
. . 34l
34l
34l
34l
34l

. 34l
34l

34l
34l
34l
34l
34l
342
Miskfn .
Misl . . .
Misl diwanf .
Misl faujdārf .
Miglf .
Misl karanam
Misl mutafaraka .
Misl reddf
Misl tirw6f .
Mismār .
Modal .
Modal6lu।
Modalavāru .
Modalu .

Modan .
Moddam .
Modf
M6di।
M6dikepu
Modikhāna .
Mofussil .
Mogal . .
.
.
।
Misr Mogalāt .
Minakia . . . . 342 Misra . Mogalf
Mfnār . . 588 Misrf .
___-__
Minhā . { ं; 341 Missil . ं
Moghal .
Mistrf . . Mogham . .
Minh6f . . . 34l Mitat .
Minhāfdār . . 342
Moghamb6b .
Mfthā Mogham babtf .
Minhātgf . 342 Mith6 . Moghan . .
Minhye • - - 34I Mftha . . Moghlāf .
Minjumla . . . . . . 342 Mitha . . Moghul .
Minumulu . . 342
Mfr • - - - - - - 342
Mithāgar . . Moglai
Mithāgari . Mogulae
Mirakkor . . . . . . . 342 Mfthāf . . .
Mfrān . 342
Mogullaye
_
4 Mfthāf wālā . Mogumjāstf
Mfrās . . . 342 Mftha lonārf . Mohaladārin .
Mfrasdār . 342 Mfthamola . . . . Mohamai .
Mirāsi . . . 342 Mithānamalamchar6 Mohana
Mirāsf • . . . . 342 Mithhāl6 _ Mohāsali .
Mirāsi-anubhoga dānāchā . 343 Miththe Mohasali .
Mirāsibabu . . . 343 Mohasalu
Mirāsidār
Mithy6 . . . .
. . . 342 Mohāsalu . .
Mirāsi-dāran .
Mithyabadt .
. . 342
Mithyāsākht . Mohassalu . .
Mirāsi-dārudu . . . 342 Mithyāsapath Mohatrawn .
Mirāsi raiat • . 343 Mithyāsukrut . Mohaturan .
Mirāsi sutantaram . • . 343
Mithyottara . Mohaul
Mirfis patt6।। . . 588 Miti . Moheeta
Mirās pattt . • . . 343 Miti Moherrie .
Mirāsu। . . 342 Mittā Mohil
_

Mirāsukudi . 299 Mittādār . _ Mohir .

Mirās vāram • . 343 Mohorer .
Mittamola upparike
Mfrbahr . . . 342
Mf26j sharff . Mohot . _

Mfrbahrf . . . . 342 MfZān Mohoteran . .

Mirbakhshf . . . 342 Moajil . Mohuthran
Mirch . . . • . 332 MoaZnah Mohrer .
Mirdā • • 343 Mobādalā . Mohsool .
Mirdaha . . . 342 Mobadalā . Moht6du _

Mirdāha. . . 342 Mobāf Mohtaraphā . . . .

Mirdhāt • . . 342 Mobed Mohtaraph6-cht-kulwār
Mirg - - - - • . 346 Mocassa Mohterefa . . .
Mirgmāl . . . 346 Mocasau . Mohterfa
Mirgsāl . . . 589 Moch6।। Mohtissub
Mir-i-adl . . . 342 Mochan Mohturpha .
Mfr-i-6tish . • . 342 Mochar6 . Mohturupa
Mfr-i-man2il . . . 342 Mochchai . . . । 3ii Mohulla
Mtr-mahallah . • . 3-12 Mochh Mohur .
Mir munshf . • - - 342 Mochi _ . . 344 Mohurrana ।
Mfr peshkār • . 342 Mocuddim . . 35l Mohurrie .
676
 MOH MOO
Page l. Page col Page
Mohurrum . . 360 Moodudumee . . 362 Motusthal . . 346
Mohuteran . 318 Moordawasikht . . 357 Mo-ula . . 346
Mohuturan . Moorisullah Moujjul 587
Moj . . . Moory .
Moosummāt
Moven
Mow .
{!ंॐ:'
.
ं 347
340
Mojabā .
Mojabedār . 360 Mooshaira Mowajib . . . 588
Mojdāt Mootah . Mowitt . . 346
Mojibat . . 3 Mootahdār MowaZna . 588
Mojnf . Mootahdārf . Moyen . . . 347
Mojmidār Mootawari Moyin . 346
4 MoZahim . . . 589
Moka .
Mokābila
Mokalchiththf
Mokās6 .
Mokāsadār
Mokash .
Mokāsf
Mokāsf .
Mokāssa .
Mokeem .
Mokhāsā
Mokhāsadār .
Mokim .
Mokka . .
Mokkadugu
Moksha
Mokta . . .
Mokuddum .
Mol .
Mola . . .
Mole .
. .

• ' -
: ं5ीं
Mootecophil
Mooteree .
Mootiyaree .
Mootry . .
Mootsuddy .
Mootwallee .
Mophardu .
Moplah
Moplay .
Mor
M6ra .
Morabhatta
Morabu .
Moraca .
Moracha
Moradukaradu .
Morah
Morah .
Moral
Moramu .
. .
__

. .

_
Mrig .
Mriga .
Mrigasfrsha
Mrigsāl .
Mrita .
Mritapatra
Mritāsaucha
Mritasmāna .
Mrug.
Muckloot
Mud .
Muda .
Mudd
Mudrusu .
Mug

Mugdur
Mugg .
.
Mugadum
}
. 346
. . 346
. 346
346
589
. 346
. 346
. 346
. . 346
. 346

. 322
।
Mol-islam
Morana . { Mugh
Molkarf . Morapanela . Mugta : ं
Molly . Morasa . Muhal
Moltol Moravu Muhloot .
Moray Muhsool .
Molungee
Mom . More . 43 Muhul . .
Momano . Morhā Muhunt . .
Momati . Morf . . Mujoom
Momjāma Morka Mujmoo . .
Momun . Morkhāf . Mulungee
Monafah . _ : 589 Morkhāto Mulik
Mondemu . . 34b Mosab6 . Mulla .
Moneeb Mosabedar . Mumoona .
Moneem . . . Mosāl . Mum .
Mongum kliniity । ’, ’ Mosavi Munagar .
Moniagar . Moshaira . ः ं57 Mundub . . 587
Monigar . Moshuksy Mundul .
Moochilka . Mot . Mundwee .
Moochulka . . . . Mot . Munewar
Moodelly Mota . . Mungul
Mooga Motādi . Munja .
Mooktār Motādu Munjha
Mooktesor . Motālā . . Munjhār
Mooktissur . Motāmdānf Munjoor .
Mooktiyār .: ं Motāmoti Munnavadoo .
Moolghenny Motasthal . Munneewar .
Moolgueny Mothāl6 . Munniar
Mooliwurg . . . . .' ः ॐ । Mothast o bttd jamia .. । Munnim .
Moolk . Mothia ____ Munnoverty
Mooluck Mothia _
Munnycavelly
Moolwurgdar Motiā Munsub .
Moolywurg . Motoowullee Murgsal .
Moonga . Mottam . Murhummut
Moonsiff. Mottaneih Muriady .
Moopen ____
ः ॐ6 Motu . : ॐi6 Muscoory
677
 MUS MUD MUK
Page c Page eol.
Musee . . . 383
`Mudaipunam . . 348 1
Muhāfi?
Mushal . . 333 Mudal . . 344 2 }
Mushkoree 337।। Mudal . . . 348 2 Muhāfi?-i-daftar . _

Muskoree 337 Mudalāmudal . . 348 2 Muhakalat

Mussalah 333 Mudām . . 348 l Muhallal .
Mussaut . 333 Mudām sibandi . 848 2 Muhallil .
Mussoola . 334 Mudaris . . 316 1 Muhānā .
Mut . . . 334 Mudava . 348 2 Muhanā
Mutchelka 589 Muddaā . . 348 2 Muhar
Muth . .
Muthout .
Mutiyar .
Mutiyāri .
Mutlub .
Mutowolee
Mutt .
Muvilan .
MuZin . .
MuZrah

Muaāff .
Muaāffchitthf
Muaāffdār .
.

Muaāff-istiw6 . .
Muaftff-māmttli .
Muaāff-mujrāf .
Muaāff-māma .
Muaāfi-naZarāna dār .
.

__
334
334
335
335
335
589
334
336
590
337

. 346
346
346
346
347
347
347
589
। Muddaā . . .
Muddaā bihā
Muddāf . .
Muddaf . .
Muddaf ale hi .
Muddāiat
Muddātidār
Muddāfm
Mudditipanā
Muddal
Muddām
Muddāmālu .
Muddām begāri .
Muddāpattā .
Muddat .
Muddatkhila
Muddat patit .
Muddatukuyam .
Mud6kamu .
.

.
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
. .

.
. .
.

. 348
. 348
. 348
. . 348
.
.
.
. .
.
. .
.
348
348
348
348
348
348
348
348

348
34S
348
348
348
348
349
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2 ।
2
2
2
1
Muharkand
Muharram .
Muharrir .
Muhātsabah .
Muhāsib
Muhāsil .
Muhassil .
Muhassilf
Muhāt?arat
Muhā?ir . . . .
Muhā?ir khāna .
Muhā?ir māma.
Mtthib
Muhf1
Muhkfm .
Muhr
.

yfiiiifm'. . . . . . .
Muhsan - - - - -
Muhsanat . . . . . -
Muaāff rawana 347 Mudf . . . . 344 2 Muht{tl .
Muaāmalat . . 347 Mudi . . 346 2 yfi-āiehi. . . . . .
Muaftmalātt 347 Mttdi . . . 349 1 Muhtarafa .
Muain 347 Mudi . . . 349 1 Muhtarif .
Muaijal . 347 Mudf . . . . 357 1 Muhtarifa . __

Mualim . . . . . 347 Muhtamfm-i-band-o-bast

Mtidigade . . 349 1
Muallak . . . . . 347 Mudippa . . . 349 1 Muhtasib .
Muatabar . . . . . 347 Muhttrtta
Mudippiri . . 349 1 _

Muatak 347 Mudippu . . . 349 1 Mujaphat jamā .

Muattal . . 347 Mudrā . . . 349 1 Mujarā . _

Mua??in . 590 Mudraballa . . 349 1 Mujarāf . . - .

Mub{tdala . 347 Mudrfidhāranam . . 349 1 Mujarāf kharchu .
Mttbadadalu . 348 Mudrakāram . . . 349 1 Mujitwar .
Mub:th 347 Mudrak6la . . 349 1 Mttjibāt
Mubatiat . . . . 347 Mudrayola . 349 I Mujmal
___ % 347 Mudre . 349 1 Mujmalan .
Mubārātt . ` । 505 _

Mudrekftra . . 349 l Mujmilan .

Mubarrft. . . . . . . 347 Mujrā
Mttdupārai . . 349 2
Mub:tshir . . 348 Muduvu . . . 349 l Mujriti
Mttbiai . . . 347 Mufassal . . . . 349 2 Mujrftin .
Mttbid . . 348 Mufassal adfilat . . . 343 2 Mujray . ______

Muchalka . 348 Mufassal dfwani adālat. . 349 2 Mujrim . . . . . .

Muchalkā ___ 348 Mufassal jama .. . . 349 2 Mujtahid
Muchalka-fn darad 348
Mufassal kānungo . 349 2 Mukftbila . .
Muchche _ 344 Mufassal kharch . . 349 2 Mukadamā .
Muchchevādu . 344 Mufassal taaluk . 349 2 Mukadamo .
Muchchilikā . 348 Muflis . . . 349 2 Mukaddam . .
Mttda . . 348 Muftf . 349 2 Mukaddama . .
Muda . 349 Mukaddam6।।
Mtig . 366 2
Mud6 . 356 Mtigā . . . . 349 2 Mukaddam biswadār . . .
Mudabbar 348 Mukaddamf . . . . 352
Muganduga . . 349 2
Mudabbir 348 Mukaddam karj
Mughal . . 344 2
Mudabbir . . . . . 348 Mughlai . . . 345 l Mukallaf.
Mndabbir-i-tadbfr . 348 Muhab . . . 349 2 Mukftlpalisa .
Mudat ___ 348 Muhfib6 . . 350 1 Mtikāniyan .
Mudāfm 348 Muhabāt . . . 360। 1 Mukftra? .
Mudāin 348 Muhabbat . . . . 360 1 Mukardamo
Mudainat 348 Muhafa . . 360 l Mukāri? ःॐ
618
 MUK MUL MUS
. line
Page col . line Page col.
Mukarrar . 352 MulfiZim . . . 689 Munimanamadu
Mukarrarf . . . 352 Mttldhan . . 363 Munimanamaralu।
Mukarrarfdār Mttlgftnw . . 353 Munj
Mukarrarf-istimrārf 353 Munja
Mttlgaini . . 577 Munka?f .
Mukarrarf jama
Mukarrart pattā Mtilgainichfti . . 354 Munka?f bfikf . .
_
Mukarrarf tankhāh rakmi . . 354 Munkir
Mttlgainigftr _

Mukāsft 352 353 Munnāman .

Milgār
Mukftsima . 852 Muli6. . . ' ं ँ5ं Munnāmawan
Mukātabat . . 352 Mulk . . 354 Munnameninellam
Mukātib . 352 Mulkgiri 364 Munnilakāran
Mukattā . 352 Mulkf . . . . . 354 Munnirippa
Mukavan . 352 Mulkf adālat _
. 354 Munshf
Mulkf diwanf adftlat . . . 354 Munshid।
Mukayad . 352
Mukhagni . . 352 Mulkf faujditrf adālat . . 374 Munsif
Mukhftsa . . 362 Mulkf khaZāna . . . 354 Munsifdār . .
Mukhāsādār . . 353 Mullā . {B54 Munsif-kachhari
Mukhbir 589 Mulla . . . 354 Munsif nāma .
Mukhtār . 363 Mullā kurftni . . 354 Munta .
Mukhtāri 353 Mulla vallai . . . 354 Muntakhab .
Mukhtārnāma 353 Mttlpatta . . 354 Mupan
Mukhtasar . 363 Mttlpattayam . . 354 Mttppan
Mukhteear • . 353 Multabi . . 36b Mttppapanam
Mukhtessur 353 Multakf! . . . 354 Muppara
Mukhtyār 353 Multāmia . 364 Wiेीuvu
Multavf . . 355 Mttra.
Mukhtyārf . 353
Mukhtyār-nāma • . . 353 Multawfat . 35b Murā .
MultaZim . . 365 Mtira .
Mukhtyar namajitt-i-aām . 589
Mulumu . 365 Murftbahat
Mukhya . . . . 353
Murabbf
Mukhyasthan 353 Mtilvaryga . . 354
Mukiasten . 3b3 . 354 Murāfaa
Miilya ' ं 589
Mukfm 353 Mumānf . . 355 Murāfi .
Mumin . . 866 Murah .
Mukfmf . 353
Mukirr . . 353 Munftba?at . . 365 Murāhik
Mukirr bahf . 353 Munftdf . 355 Murai
Munafa . . . 589
Mukirr lahtt . 363 Murainir .
Munafat . . 365
Mukkftlpalisa . 363
Murambu
. . 35?
Mukkampālu 353 Munajjim .
Mukkāvan . 353 Munakid . 365 Murftn .
Mukkusa . 363 Munāpll6 . . . 35b Murag
Muksa . 353 Munftsib . 355 Murātib
Muktasib . . . 35b Murattab
. . 353 Munftsib jama
. . . . . 353 Munaskha . 365 Murattib .
Mukti . .
Mttl . . . . . . 3b3 Mund . . . 355 Murda
Mtila 3.63 Mumda . 355 Murda fiash _ ; 357

Mula _ 354 Munda . . 355 Murda farosh .

Mttladhana . 353 Mumda . 365 Murdār
Mundakam . . 365 Murdātrkas .
Mttlagānw 363
. . 357
Mtilagār . 363 Mundakan . . 365 Murddapharits
Mtilagrantha 363 Mundam . . 355 yfiोंींbhiºhikia' . . 357
365 Murhen
Mulftha?a 354 Mundan .
Mulat . 364 Mundan . . . . . 35b Murf .
Mulaka . . . 354 Mundankottf . . 3bb
Muri
Mulaka kotf . 354 Mundāphorā . . 3b6
. 36b Muri . . 357
Mulakamatissfla . 364 Mundbandf .
Mtindhā . . . 3b5 Murid
Mulakol 364
Mulam . 354 Mundpattf . . 355 Murikāran .
Mulanā 354 Mundwathik . . . 589 Muripampu।
Mulānā . 354 Mung . . . . . 366 Murippattaiyam
Mtilapatra 853 Mungftru pairu . . . 4l3 Muris
Mttlas6dhanam 353 . 355 Muris aāli
Munguttige
Mttlasftsanam 589 Muni . . . 355 Murisfidanam .
Munfb . 355 Murshid
Mtilavarga . 542 _

Murtadd
Munfbana. . . . . 35b
Mtilavargadār . . 542
Mulayan . . . . . . 354 Munfbgumāshta . . 355 Murtahin .
. . 36b Mus . _

Mtilavigraha . . . 589 Munigutta . . .

MulfiZamat . . 364 Munfm ___
. 36b Musā .
679
 MUS MUT NAD
Page co1 line 1tne Page col, line
Mus6-baht . . 367 Mutabannagi. Mutumhāt . _ . 360। 1 11
Musaedat . . . 589 Mutabik . _
Mutwallee . . 359 2 22
Musāfir . . . . . . 367 Mutabik-i-sanad Muwaijal . . 360। 1 19
Musāfir khāna . . . . 35T Mutabik-i-tārikh . Muwakkal . . 360 l 22 ।
Musāhib . 357 Mutafarrikāt . Muwakkat . 360। 1 26
Musāhir6. . . . 357 Mutaffik . Muwakkil . . 360। 1 22
Musajjal . 357 Mutah Muwallad . 360। 1 26
Musakkas . . 357 Mtttah . . Muwāro . . 689 2 34
Musakkasi .
Musal .
Mus{tlahat .
Mtisālahu .
Musāli .
Musammāt .
Musandā
Musāndā .
Mttsār
Musārā . .
Musarkhor .
Musavi .
Mushaā .
Mushahara
_

Mushathara kulkarnam .
Mushaira .
Mushakhas .
.
.

. .

. .
.
. .
.
. .
367
357
. 367
. . 357
. 357
. . 357
. 357
. . 367
. 357

. . 367
. 357
357
357
587।।
357

. . 36?'
. 357
। Mutahed .
Mutahid .
Mutithil .
Mutahttd . .
Mutahttddār .
Mutakaddim
Mutakaffil
Mutakkāsim
Mutakhāsimfn .
Mutal .
Mutālakā .
Mutalālan .
Mutalāli .
Mutalavakftsam
Mutalavakftsf
Mutalchilava
Mutaleduppa .
. 369
Muwassft .
Muw67at .
Muwa??af . .
Muwa??afa rātiba
Muydhondā .
MuZitbanat .
MuZāfat
Mu?āftt .
MuZaharat
MuZ{thim

MuZ:thimdār .
MuZahimf .
MuZahimf nathi .
MuZakki .
MuZārabat
Mu?{trib
.
.
.
. .
.

.
.

.
. . 589
. 589
. . 360

. .
.
. .
.
357।।
360
360
360
360
360

{} ! #
360
589
589
360
. 360
. 360
2 l
l 29
l 30
l 33
l 36
l 38
2 36
2 30
l 4l

l 44
2 43
2 4?
2
2
2
l
3
ti
Mushakhasf . . . 357 Mutalik Mu?hir . . . . 360 2 8
Mushakkasidār . 589 Mutalikān . . 359 Mu?hir alehf . . 360 2 । ५ ।
Mushakkast jama . . . 368 Mutatlikf _
Myal . 360 2 ll ।
'Mushakhasf jot . 589 Mutalkaryyam .
Mushārik . . . 358 Mutalpalisa
Mushārikat . . 358 Mutalpatta- . N. !
Mushrif . • . 358 Mutalpatta kāran
Mushrik . . 368 Mutalpattikā . Naad . . . . 361 2 ५ ।
Mushrik • . . . . . 35S Mutalpera . Nabaligh . . . 360 2 lt;
Musht . . . . . . . 358 Mutalpitti Nabalighi . 360 2 l8
Mushtarf . 358 Mutalpitti kāran . Nabfra . . 360 2 22
Mushtarika . . 589 MutanaZa __ Nabtrf . . . 360 2 23
Mushtf . 358 Mutasaddf . . . Nabob 362 2 46
Mushttgār . . . . . . 358 Mutawallf Vaibud . . . 360 2 l9
Mustbat . . 589 Mutayin {{tch . ___ . 360 2 !!
Muslim . . 368 Mutayyana . . Nachchikottu . 860 2 20
Muslim . . 358 Muth . . . . Nachchini . . 360 2 3?
Muslim ālehi . . 358 Muthadārf Nachchu . . . . 360 2 25
Muslim filui . 358 Muthān . . . । “ ,“ Nachenny . . 360 2 30
Mussad। . . 35S Muthi . Natchma . 360 2 30
Mtissat . _ . . 358 Muththā Nitchni . . . , . 360 2 30
Musta . . . . . . . 358 Muththādār . Nacodah . . . . . 364 l 43
Mustabin ___ . 368 Muththādārf Nad . . 360 2 43
Mustabin ghair marsttm . . 358 Muththātwari Nad। . 361 2 9
Mustabfn marsttm . 358 Muthliyā _
Nada . . . 360 2 4ं}
Mustadaf . . . 3āy8 Mutlak . . . N{tda . . . . 36l l l?
Mustaghis . . 368 Mutlakwakālat nama N{tdā . . 36l l l4
Mustājari . . . 358 Mutlakvakfl . . Nadāt . . . 368 1 33
Mustājaru . . 358 Mutri _ Nada . . . . . 370 l ?
Mustājir . . . 358 Mutseddy . Nada bhavi . . . 36I l l2
Mustājiri . . 358 Muttaide Nādakulkarni . . 300 2 39
Mustakbal . . . 35S Muttajja Nadalf . . 36l l 20
Mustāmin . . 35S Muttajjf . . . Nadam . . 36l l l
Mustaphi . . . 589 Muttaseddee . । ॐं) Nadanf . . 361 ] 2}
Mustarad . 368 Muttasil . . Nadanfrvari . 36l l !
368 Mutteedar Gadār . . 36l l 2?
Mustauff 589
Mutthā . . N{{dar . . . . . 370 ।। 25
Mustaufigari . 3:68 Mutthawarf . Nadārf . . . . . . 36l l 21
Mustayir . . . {30S Mutthf _
Naidar munftsib . 36I l 25
Mut . . . 858 Muttirachavādu . Nadaru। _ . . 373 2 ll
Mutaa . . . 343 Muttirāju Nada ulugu . . . 36l l 4ं
Mutabannā . . 3ं08 Muttuwali। . . 300 Nadavār . . . 36l l Bl
080
 NAD 1NAG
col, line Page cOl• Page
Page
Nadavarawa . . 36l 33 Nagavalli . 362 Nakārāi .
Nādāvāsanadu . . . 36l Nagdf . 363 Nakārakhāna
Nadavu . . . . . . . 36I Naghori __ . 362 Nākārf .
Nadavunatter ālai . . . 36l Naghu . . . . . . 362 Nākārf _____

Nadavupayir . 361 Nagole . _ . 362 Nakari . . . . .

Nadawoolungor . . 36l Nagore _____ . . 362 Nakarfā
Naddāf . . . 36l Nitgpanchamf . . . 362 Nakās
Nadebahurttpf . . 36l Nagsant . _ . 362 Nākas .
Natdgaund . . . . 368 Nitgu। . 362 Nakashā . .
Nadgir _ . . . 368 Nathak . . 362 Nakb .
Nadh . . 361 Nāhāk . . . 362 NakbZan
Nadf . . . 36l Nāhawi। . 368 NakbZamf
Nadf . . . 36l Nāhāwi . . 368 Nakd .
Wadf . . . . 368 Nāhfa . 362 Nakdf . . . .
Nādikā . . . 368 Nahr . . . 362 Nakdf chittha .
Nadichil . . . 36I Nāhu . . . 368 Nakdf faisalat
Nadiga . 361 Nai . . . 368 Nakdf gumāshta .
Nadige ___ . . 36l Naiades . . 372 Nakdf jinsi
Nadfla . . . . . . . 30l N{tib . . 362 Nakdf ma?kurāt .
Nadi-mātruka-p6lamu . . 36I Nāfb-dfwām . . 362 Nakd-o-jins .
Nādina . . . . 861 Natib kaZi . . 362 Nāke . . .
Nftdina maryād . . 36l Nitib kftnungo . 362 Natkebfindf
N6du . . . . . . . 36l Nitib nā?im . . . . . . 302 Nākedār
Nādugauda . . . .F36I Naib subahdār . . . 362 Nakeg . . .
Nitdusftnabhoga . . 361 Naida . . ___ . . 368 Nakhirudu . .
Nādutalavāru . . 30l Naidoo . . 373 Natihihāडे '. . . . . .
Nāduwari . . 370 Naidu . . . 373 Nakhlband
Nadwali . . 370 N6ik . .. . 372 Nakhudā
Naek . . 372 N{tikan . . 363 Nakfb . _

Nafa . . 36l Natikw{{di। . 372 Nākil . . .

Nafaka . • - - - - . 36l Nāikwār . . . 372 Nākfrd .
Nafa nuksān . . 36l Naikwārf . 372 Naikfrdsār
Naff . . . . 362 Nāikwarf . . . 372 N{tkis . . . . .
Nafka . . . . 861 N6inda . 368 Nakkapanduga .
Nafl . . . . . 36I Nair . . 372 Nakl . . . .
Nafr . . . . . 36l Nitjai __ . 363 Naklā .
Nafsulhāl . . . 362 Nājititāhud . . 363 Nakl-i-pattā .
Nag . . 362 Nājitil hanā . 363 Nakl-i-pattājitt
Nag . . . 362 NājaiZ . . 363 Nakouda . _

Naga . 362 Najar _ . 373 Naksha . . . ' ः ं

N6gā . . . . . 362 Najarān6 . . . . . . 374 Naksha intikālf .
Nagad - - - - . 363 Najarānf . 373 Naksha i khewat .
Nagada . . 363 Najarbandf . . 373 Nakshaju2-o-kul .
Nagadf . . . . . . . 303 Najarbhet . . 373 Nakshatabdflf
Nagadibitb . . . . . . 304 Najar majrānā . . 373 Nakshatra
Nagadilekkā . . . 364 Najar pāhanf . . 373 Nakshbandia
Nagadf-sirastā . . . . . 304 Najar patti . . 373 Nakta .
Nagad māl . . 364 Najar ramjani . . 374 Nakti . .
Nagadu . . . . . . 363 Najaru। _ . . 373 Naktab6b . __

Nagadu ristdi . . 364 Najaru bandi . . 373 Naktibab . . . .

Nagad wikri . Najaru kānike . . 373 Nal _
. . 364
Nagala . . 362 Najtb 363 Nal
Nāgali . . Nājir . . . 373 N{{1
. 362
Nagalikarru . . 362 Nājfrf . 373 Nal
Nagan . 362 Naijār . ___ . . 363 Nala .
Nagar . . 362 Nājkārf . . . . . . 363 Nala .
Nagar . 362 Najm . . . 303 Nala . .
Nagar . . . . . . 362 Najsh . 36:B N{tl6 .
Nagara . . . • . . 362 Najttmf . . . . . . . 303 N{tla . .
Nitgara _ . 362 Nāk6 . . 363 Nala .
Nagara . .. • • • . 362 Nākāt . _ 363 N{tlāik
Nagarachauti . . . 362 Nākfibandi . . . 363 Natlākandf
Nagarachavutf . 362 Nakadi . . . 363 Nalapatti
Nagarf . . . 362 Nakal . 364 Nalband .
Nagarkaul - . . 362 Nakār . . . . 363 Nalbandf
_ 362 Nakāra . 363 N{tldabā .
Nāgaura { 590 Nākāra . 363 Nalg6ru . . 365
681
 NAI, NAN NAS
Page eol. Wine Page col. 1Page col,
Nalt . . 36b Nanad _ . 367 1 Naptā _ ?ं
Nalf . . 36b Nanadf . . . 367 1 Naptrf . . 368
Nalfkai . . 368 Nanadfnf . . 367 1 Nar . 368
ऎ{tlish __ . 365 पftmak . . . 367 I NAr . . 368
Nalish ghair sarsari . . 365 Nanandā . . 367 1 N{tra . . 368
Nālishf . . 365 Nānārf . _ . . 367 1 Nftrā . . 368
Nitlishi-ar7f . . . 305 Nanārikandam . 367 ।।1 Narā . . . . . . . . 36l
N{tlish numberi _ . 365 Nftnasāt . . . . . 367 1 Naraka . . . . . 368
Nalist . . 365 Nānāvata . . . . . . 367 l Naral . . . . . . 368
Nalistf . 365 Nānaya _ . . 367 1 Nftralf . . . . . 368
Naliyā . 365 Nanayavattam . . 367 1 Nāralfpaurnimā . . . 368
Nailkf 366 Nancar _ . . 367 2 Nāralfpunav . . . 368
Nālkuk6ru . . _ _ _ _ . . 36b Nanchanebāra . . . . . 367 l Nāralfutpanna . 368
Nallabhttmi . 365 Nand . . . . . . . 367 l Nairalmār . . 368
Nalpattt . . . 365 Nandana ___ . 367 I Naratta . . 368
Nalsfthib . 365 Nandavanam . . . . . 367 I Narel . . 368
N{tlu . . . . . 365 Nandf . . . . . . . 367 I Nitrgaund . . 368
Nalugu . . 365 Nandf . . . . . . . . 307 l Nargfr. . 368
Nāluve . . . 365 Nandfmukha . . . 367 2 Nftrgun . . 368
Nalwa . 365 Nāndfnf . . . . . 367 2 Nairf . . 368
Nām . . . . 365 Nandisrāddha . . 367 2 Garf . 368
Nāma ॰ 36b Nandof . . 367 2 Nārf . . . 368
Namā . . . 366 Nandosf . . 367 2 Nitrf . . . . 368
N{tma . . . 366 Natme . . 367 I Narial . . . 368
Natmadārf . . 366 Nanevatf . 367 1 Natriga . . 368
Namah . . 366 Nftnevattam . . . 367 l Narfhar . . 368
Natmāi-i-krftr . . 366 Nitnevattf . 367 I Nārfk6ः . . 368
Nitmā-i-taksfm . . . 366 Nangal . 367 2 Narika ___ . . 368
Namāj . . . 366 Nangar . 367 2 N{trikela . . . . 368
Namak . . 366 Nangarad . . 367 2 Narikelatail . . . 368
Namakarama . 366 Nangarat . 367 2 N{trikelamālā . . 368
Namakchashi . . 366 Nangarath . . 367 2 Narod6ः . . 368
Namakhalāl . 366 Nangarmf . 367 2 N{trrankāl . . . 369
Namakharām . . 366 Nangaryft . . 367 2 N{trru। . . 369
Namakf . . 366 Nanf . . . . . . 367 I Narrukftla . . 368
N{tmakfrttana . . 366 Nanja . . . 367 2 Narrunadavu . . 369
Namakmahāl . . 366 Nanjai . . ... . . . . 307 2 Narrupattf . . 368
Namakshitr . . . 366 Nanjai mel punjai . 369 2 Nārtā . . 369
Namāvalf . 365 Nagjai taram punjai . 367 2 Nairu . _ . . 368
NamāZ . . 366 Nanjey . . 367 2 Naru • • • • . . . 368
NamāZgfth . . 366 Nanji 368
NamāZ-i-janāZa . . . 366 J3xsl•4
. 367
367
2
2
_______
Natrttkārtt . } 590
Nankār 590 I
. 366
Nambadi
Narw6
_
`% 369
590
N{tmbarda . 366 Nānkār mujrāf . . . . 367 2
Nambi . . 360 Nankār mttjritf witsfl bakf. 307 I Narwādār . . 369
Nambiyān . 366 Nankār Zamin . . 368 I Narwa-santhela . . 590
Nambiyava . 306 Nano . . . . 365 2 Nitryal . 368
Namboori। . 366 Nanparwarshi . 368 I Naryalf . . 368
Nambttdiri . 366 Namu . . . 367 1 Nats . . 369
Nambttri . . . 366 Nftnya __ . 367 1 N{s . . 369
Nambuvetuvar. . . 366 Nanyagar . . . . . 367 I Nasab . 369
Nambyftra . 366 Nanyamubadelu . . 367 l Nasabnatma . . . 369
Natmdār . . 366 Nanyamurapadi . . 367 l Nasak . . . 309
Nameh . . 366 Nanyapankhāvani . 367 1 Nasakchf . _ . . 369
N{tmkāram . . 366 Nato __ .. . 365 2 Nasakchibāshf . . . 369
Namonft . . . . . 366 N:ton. . 365 2 Naseha . . 369
Namuchiso . . 366 N{p . . 308 I Nash:t . 369
Namudār . . . . 366 Napar . 36I 2 Nashib _ . . 590
Namudār . 366 Naparjamin . . 302 l Nasht . . . 369
Namudatrf . . 366 Nftpat . . 308 l Nashta - . 369
Namuderbest . . 366 Naphā. . _ . 361 2 Nashta . _ . 369
Namuderkami . . 366 Naphargatigft . . 30l 2 Nashtachandra . . . 369
366 Napharjaminu . . 302 2 Nashtam . 369
Namtina
599 Napharu। ____ . 361 2 Nashtamu . . . . 309
Namtinā . . . 366 Napharugati phaisala . 361 2 Nashtavārtte . . . 369
Namusttdra . 366 Nftpig . . . . . . . 368 I Nashtf . . . . . 369
Nanā . . 367 Napit _
. 308 1 Nftshtika . . 309
 NAT' NAZ

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Nashtts . . . . . . 369 Nattu __ . 37l Navisht ___ . 690
Nitsf . . . . . . . 590 Nattugutige . . . 37I Navisht-o-khwān . 590
Nasfa . . . . . . 369 Nitttukāran . . . 370 Navite . . . 372
Nasfb . . 369 Nattu kaul . 371 Navutu . __ . . 590
Nasihā . . 369 Nattu kuttam . . 370 Naw6-aं th6. . 372
Nasfhah . . . 369 Nattumāniyam . . 370 Naw6b _ . . 362
Nasfhahdaftar . . 369 Nattunudavu . . . . 369 Nawftib . . 372
Nasfhat . . 369 Nitttupuram . . 370 Nawāra . . 371
Nasiyattu। . 369 Nattusflawu। . 370 Nawftra amla . . 371
Nasl . . . '-' . 309 Wattu। . . 370 Nawara jagfr . . 371
Naslan ba maslan . . . 369 Nāttt . . . 370 Nawftra mahāl . . . 371
Nass ___
. . 369 Natukur . . . 37l Natwarf . . 371
Nāsti . . 369 Nfttunatappa . 370 Nawāsa . . 372
Nitstik . . . 369 Nātupāttam . . . 37I Nawftsā . . . 372
Nāstika . . 369 Natttppu। . 370 Nawayeeb 372
Nat . . 369 Natuvan . 37I Nawāsi . 372
Nittā . . . . . . 369 Nattuwfiri 370 Nawisht . . . 590
Nata . . . . . . 369 Natt 368 Nayādf . . 372
Nata . . . 369 Nau। 371 Nityaka . . . . 372
Nata . . . 370 Nati . 37I Nityakan . 372
N{ttāf . . 370 Nau . . . . 37I Nftyakan . . . 372
N{ttak . . . 370 Nau{tbitd . . 37 I Nāyakwitdi . 372
Nataka : . 370 Naubarār 37I Nityakwādi . . . 372
Natakavan . . 369 Naubat _ 371 Nayakwari . . 372
Natamagār . . 590 Naubatkhana . . . . 37I Nayakwari . . 372
Nittamaigār . . 590 Naubat talabi . . . . . 37I Nayam . 372
Nattam . 370 Naud . . ______ 36l Nayanashtam . . 372
Nittaru। . 370 Nauha 87I Nayanattam . 372
Nattawan _ . 370 Nauji 37I Nāyar . . 372
Natchannee . . . 360 Naukar 371 Nāyida . 373
Natchenny . . 360 Naukarān 37I Nityilkāvali . . . 372
Natcheny . . . 360 Naukarf . ___ 371 Nayinār . . 372
Nātem . . . 369 Naukari manyamu . 37I Nityinda . 373
Natgawd . 361 Naulev6 . ___ 371 Naykan . . 372
Wath . . 369 Naupatti mahājan . 371 Nayr . . . 372
Nath . . 370 Naur . 361 Nayudu . . 373
Nātha . . . 370 Naurittrf 37I Nazar . . . 373
Nathf . 370 NauroZ 371 NaZarāt . . 590
Nathtawar . . . 370 Nausftt . . . 371 Nft?:trat . . 373
Nathwār . 370 Nausāt batāf . . 372 NitZim . 373
Nati' . . . . . . 369 Naushikast . . 37L Na?ir . . . 373
Nausirtālāo . _ 371 Na?fr . 373
Natf . . . • . . 370
Nattf . . . . Nausirtālāto kaul . 371 NitZir jamādār . . . 373
. 370
Naut ___ 370 N67ir khāna . 373
Natigānthā . . . 370
Nautakeg . . 372 Na?m . . . 373
Natigal . . 369
Nautānk . 372 Na?r . . 373
Nittin . . . 370
Nautānkf 312 Na?r . . 373
Nātfn . . 370 Nauth . 370 Na?rāna . . 374
Natiyar . . 369 Nautsellawoo . 370 Na?rāna-i-hātl . . 374
Natnf . 370 Nautum . 370 Na?rāna-i-mansur ganj . 374
Natta . . . 370 Nautumkār 370 Na?rāna mukarrarf . . 374
Nattalam . 370 Nautwān . 370 Na?rāna stibahdārf . . 374
Natttam . . 370 Nauwaria 371 Na?randaZi . . . 373
Nattam . . 370 Nāv 366 Na?rband . . . 373
Nattamakan . . . 370 Nava 371 Na?rbandf
Nattamakkal . 370 Nawftchal . 37I Na?rdid .
Nattamār . r . . . 370 Navftnna 371 Na?r-i-dargfth . 373
Nattamkāran . . 370 Nawarā 37I Na?r-i-idain
Natttān. . 370 Navarātrf . 37I Nat?r-i-imāmān .
369 Navarf . 371 Na?r-i-pfrān
Nattapgal . 690 Na?r-i-ram7fin .
Navatakeg . 372
Nāttānma . _ . 370 Navatānk . . 372 Na?r katāi .
Nāttānmaikāran . . 370 Nawatānkf . . 372 Na?r-o-nfftZ .
Nattanmakāran . . 370 Nitwik . . . 37I Na?r punya
Nattapal . . . 37 Navfs . 372 Na?r-suwārf .
N{tttār . 370 Nawfsandah . . 372 NaZttl
Nattu . ___
. . 369 Nawishinda . 372 NaZurat . 590
683
 1NED NHA NIM
c line ___ Page c line Page eol, Line
Nedi . . . . . . . . 374 3 l Nhātwf . . . . . . . 368 I7 | Nikāsi khām . . . . . 377
Nedi . . . . . . . . 375 23 l Niftbat . . . . . . . 363 6 ॥ Nikās-navis . . . . . 376
Neeijoot . . . . . . . 376 42 | Niāt . . . . . . . . 381 8 | Nikās-patr. . . . . . . 376
Neejoot . . . . . . 376 42 | Niadhis . . . . . . . 38I l3 । Nikās-tahsfl . . . . . 376
Neermoodili . . . . . . 378 I0 | Niamat . . . . . . . 375 3 | Nikastt . . . . . . . 376
Neeshoody . . . . . . 379 42 | Niftmat . . . . . . . 375 6 | Nikhāt . . . . . . . 37T
Neeut . . . . . . . . 375 l3 | Niftij . . . . . . . . 38l 8 | Nikhep . . . . . . . 37T
Neg . . . . . . . . 374 4 | Niārā . . . . . . . . 375 7 | Nikirf . . . . . . . 37T
Nega . . . . . . . 374 II | Nfāri6. . . . . . . . 375 II | Nikshep . . . . . . . 377
Negady . . . . . . . 376 2I l Niat . . . . . . . . 375 l3 | Nikshepa . . . . . . 37T
Negalu . . . . . . . 374 l3 | NiāZ . . . . . . . . 375 IT | Nikshep-kārak . . . . . 377
Negatay . . . . . . 376 20 | NfftZ-i-dargfth . . . . . 375 l8 | Nikshep-kāri . . . . . 37T
Negf . . . . . . . . 374 7 | Nffi2-i-rasttl . . . . . . 375 21 | N{1 . _________

Negijogf . . . . . . . 374 9 | NfftZmand . . .

. . . 375 20 | Nfla . . . . . . . . 37T
Negilu . . . . . . . 374 l3 l Nibandha . . . . . . 375 28 | Nilaikudi . . . . . . 377
N6ige . . . . . . . . 374 l6 | Nibarttan . . . . . . 375 32 | Nflakāran . . . . . . 377
N6kdārf ___
_ 3 ?4 l7 | Nibedan . . . . . . . 375
Nilam
Nekdy . . . . . . . . 303
Nel . . . . . . . . 374
38 | Nibedan . . . . . . 375 } 59 0
22 | Nfch • . . . . . 37b 38 | Nflām . . . .. 377 . .
Nela . . . . . . . . 374
Nella. . . . . . . . 374
43 | Nfchjati . . . . . . . 376 I l Nflamdār . . . . . . 37T
22 | Nichnhāwi . . . . . . 375 41 Nilām khāsta . . . . . 3TT
Nellar . . . . . . . . 374 34 | Nich sonār . . . . . . 375 44 Nflārf . . . . - - • 3TT
Nellari . . . . . . . 374 35 | Nidān . . . . . . . . 376 3 | Nilattfrvai . .. . . 3TT
Nelli . . . . . . . . 374
23 | Nidan . . . . . . . 376 6 | Nilava . . . . . . . 37T
Nelli . . . . . . . 375
6 | Nidan . . . . . . . . 378 43 | Nilavari. . . . . . . 37T
Nellikandam . . . . . 374
27 | Nidānf . . . . . . . 376 7 | Nflf . . . . . . . . 37T
Nellipfttam . . . . . . 374 40 | Nidānwriddhi . . . . . 376 5 | Niligutta . . . . , . 377
Nelpalisa . . . . . . . 3T 38 | Nidhān . . . . . . . . 376 12 | Nflkothf . . . . . . . 377
Nelpura . . . . . . 374 39 | Nidhi . . . . . . . . 376 9 Nfllu . . . . . . . 377
Nellu . . . . . . . . 374
Nem . . . . . . . . 380
23 | Nidhinikshep . . . . . 376 Nfllubutta .
Nemi . . . . . . . . 375
45 Nidf . . . . . . . . 376 9 } 3 ?8

Nemfkharch . . . . . 375 S | Nigadi . . . . . . . 376 17 | Nillum . . . . . . . 3TT

9 | Nigadi . . . . . . . 363 43 Niluva . . . . . . . 37T
Nemnttk . . . . . . . 375 Nigadichittu . . . . . 364।
II | 5 | Niluvu . . . . . . . 377
Nengi . . . . . . . 375 l6 | Nigadi shistam . . . . . 304
Nenmā . . . . . . . 374 37 | Nigadi vittu . . . . . 364 ॐ | Niluvu-anchanā 3?? 1१
Nenmami . . . . . . 374 36 | Nigāhban. . . . . . . 376 25 | Nflwālā . . . . . . . 377 80
Nenta . . . . . . . . 375 l7 | Nigfthdār . . . . . . 376 25 | Nfm . . . . . . . . 377 14
Neotā . . . . . . . 375 l8 | Nigar . . . . . . . . 590 42 | Nimāf . . . . . . . 37T 21
Nera . . . . . . . . 375 20 | Nigar bahā. . . . . . 590 43 । Nimak . . . . . . . 300 29
NGram . . . . . . . 375 20 | Nigāvāru . . . . . . 376 3l l Nimakchashi . . . . . 300 32
N6rasta . . . . . . . 375 22 | Niggudy . . . . . . 376 IT | Nimak dalālf. . . . . . 306 44
Nerch . . . . . . . 379
23 | Nighal . . . . . . . 376 33 | Nimak hal{tl . . . . . 306
Nerf . . . . . . . . 375 23 | Nigoody . . . . . . . 370 IT | Nimak harām . . . . . 300
Nerk . . . . . . . . 379
23 | Nij . . . . . . . . . 37 38 | Nimakf . . . . . . . 300
Nerkadir . . . . . . 374 29 | Nijari . . . . . . . 500 3 । Nimakparwarda . . . . 300
Nerkalanjiyam . . . . 374 30 | Nijcha . . . . . . . 876 40 | Nimaksār . . . . . . 300
Nerkuttakai . . . . . . 374 32 | Niijamora . I0 | Nimānā . . . . . . . 37T
. . . . . 376
Nerkuli . . . . . . . 374 33 | Nijjamudi . . . . . . 376 I0 | Nimandam . . . . . . 378 ।
N6rpalisa
_____-_
५% 375
392 ! 32
23 || Nij-jot
Nijāte . . . . . .. . . .. . . . .. 376
376 । 42
42 || Nfm-ānf . . . . . . . . . .. 377
Nim-anf patwarf 377 2 !ं6
N6rpitttachitta . . . . 375 27 | Nij-taluk . . . . _
4 | Nimar . . . . . . . 3TS
N6rpftttam . . . . . . 375 20 | Nij-taluk-dār . . . . . 376 9 | Nimāshām . . . . . . 378
N6rpftttayola . . . . . 375 30 | Nikā . . . . . . . . 376 13 | Nimbttr . . . . . . . 590
Nerpor . . . . . . . 42 I 40 | Nikfth . . . . . . . . 370 l3 | Nimchauthāf . . . . . 3TT
Nerra . . . . . . . 590 4l | Nikāhmitāt . . . . . 376 IT | Nimhawala . . . . . . 377
N6sabfdaru . . . . . . 375 33 | Nikfthmuwakkat . . . . 376 19 | Nimindum . . . . . . 378
N6sakula . . . . . . 375 33 | Nikāf . . . . . . . 376
Nesatt . . . . . . . . 375 23 । Nimken , . . . . . . 377
37 | Nikalpatra . . . . . . 376 24 । Nimkhāf . . . . . . 3TT
Netummātti • . . . . 37b 38 | Nikaramu . . . . . . 376 2S | Nimlāl . . . . . . . 37
Netturu-kattu-inamu . . 375 !! | Nika % 370 29 | Nfmsālf . . . . . . . 377 32
Ney . . . . . . . . 375 Ag | Nikas ` 500 4 | Nfmtākā . . . . . . . 377 2 *ं
Neytal . . . . . . . . 375
Neytal . . . . . . . 375
*1 | Nikºsf { 376 43 | Nimtākf . . . . . . 377 33
ikfisf . . . . . 590 5 | Nimtānāt . . . . . . . .377 39
Neyyal • . . . . . 375 I | Nik:tsfchithf . . . . . 377 3 | Nimtankā . . . . . . 377 ं
Neyyarkāran. • . . . . 375 2 | Nikfistjftma bandf . . . . 500 5 | Nimtankf . . . . . . . .377 3a
Nhātt . . . . . . . . 308 |l7 | Nikāst kfigaj . . . . . 377 4 | Nimthal . . . . . . . 977 4?
68-1
 NIM NIS NUN
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Nimthānā . . . . 378 Nishān-i-dfwān . 379 Nor . . 380
Nina . . . 378 Nishān-i-hu?ttr navis . . 379 Not . . . 380
Nipanjā . . . 378 Nishast jama . 590 Nota . . 380
Nipanjf . . . . . 378 Nishist jumma . . . 590 Notagāra . . . 380
Nipotf . . . . . . . 378 Nishka ___ . 379 Nottakāran . 380
Nfr .
Nfra .
पfra .

Nirai .
Nirakh
Nfrālf .
Niran
Nfrānambam
Nfranārf
.

Nfrachalava .
. .

Nfragante . . . .
.
.

__
.

. . .
.
. .

.
. 378
. . 378
. 378
. . 378
. 378
. . 378
. 379
. . 378
. 378
. . 378
. 378
Nishkar . .
Nishkraman
Nishpatti
Nissar .
Nistār .
Nisuddhi
Nisudi .
Nit
Nitāntajnyā .
Nitar .
Nfti. . .
___
.

..

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
379
379
379
379
379
379
379
380
380
380
380
Nottakarippu
Nottam .
Nowabad .
Nowarrah .
Nowker
Nripatf sabhā . . .
Nuccub
NuccubZanie
Nuckd .
Nuckdy .
.
_
.

_
. .

. .
. .
. .

.
.
380
380
37I
37l
37l
. 448

. 363
. 363
. . 303
363
।
Nfrānfkam . . 378 Nitkarm . . 380 Nud . . . . 360
Nfranflai . 378 Nittiya . . 380 Nuddy . . . . 36l
Niranjan . . . 378 . 380 Nufi . . 361
Nittiyam . . . .
Nfrapara . . . . 378 Nittiyapadi moyini . 380 Nug . . 362
Niraparādhf . . . . 379 Nftu-asarfibhttmi . . 380 Nuggur . . 362
Nfrattiper . . 378 Nftukāluva . . . 380 Nugla . 364
Nfrāvati pairu . . . 378 Nitya . . . 380 Nugur . . . 362
Nirb6dha .bhoga
Nirdhana -
_
. 379 Nityadattaka . . 380 Nuhkas . . . 304
. 379 Nityadattakaputra . . 380 Nukkas . . . 364
Nirdosh . . 379 Nityakarm -
. 380 Nukshu . . 304
Nfrerumadu . . 318 Nityakarma . 380 Nul . . . . 366
Nfrgantf . . 378 380 Nullah . 365
Nirgat . . . 379 Nityasrāddha 488 Nulu . . . . . 365
Nirindriya . . . 379 Nivādā . 380 Numberdār . . 381
Nirindriyā . . 379 Nivārā . 380 Numberkaranam . . 381
Nirjalaikādasf . . 379 Nivāra ___ . 380 Numberwar kharda . . 381
Nfrkā] ’ . 378 Nfvāra-dhanyam . . . 380 Nugd . . . . . . . . 303
Nfrkānam . . 378 Nivārampātra . . 380 Nugl . . . . 304
Nirk . . . . 379 Nivārapatra . . . 380 Nugla . . . 364
Nirkh . . . . . . 379 Niwarttan . . 380 Nugul . 364
Nirkhbandf . . . . . 379 380 Nusub . . 369
Nirkhdarogha . . . 379 Nivesanamu . _

{ 590 Nusuk
Nut
.
. .
369
369
Nirkhf __ . . 379 Niveshanam . 590
Nirkhnāma . . . 379 Nivi . . 380 Nuta . . 309
Nirkhyā . . 379 . . 380 Nuthee . . 370
Niyam
Nfrmutal . 378
Niyama _
. 380 Nuth . . 371
Nfr6dukāl . . 378 . 380 Nuttee . . 590
Niyamakarttā .
Nirpaychumāniyam . . 378 . 380 Nuttum . . 370
Niyāmakarttā
. . 37I . 380 Nuwa-ay-tay . 372
Niyamapatra . .
. . 379 Nuwaub . . 302
Niyati . . . . । ’, ’ . 380
NuZZerana . . 374
Nfrugante . . 378 Niyoga . . . . . 380
Nfrugatri . . . 378 Niyogadharma . . 380 NuZZur coodai . . 373
Niruttara . . . 379 Niyukta 380
Nfruvati . . . 378 Niyuktasabhā . . 448 Nua pila charibār . 380
Nirvansa . . . . . . 379 NiZām . 373 Nugam . 380
. 379 373 Nutka . 380
Nirvedabhoga __

Nirwishta . . . . 379 Ni?āmat 590 Nuksān . . . . . . 380

Nirwa . . 369 NiZamat adālat . . 373 Nuksān-i-fāhish . . 381
Nisāb . . . 379 . 373 Wtil . . . . . . 381
Ni?fimat mahāl .
Nisār. . . 379 Ni?ām ul mulk . 373 Nulachāram . 590
Nihāt . . . . . . . . 369 Noabad। . . 37l Ntilāk6 . 381
Nisbat . 369 Nobit . 371 Ntilāttā . . 381
Nisbatdār . . . 369 Nod . 380 Nult . 381
Nisbatw6r . . 369 Nodi। _
. 380 ऐttlike . 381
Nisf . 379 . . 389 ऐं tilke . . . 38l
__
Nokpayimāsi Nttltunf .
. 379 Nokichārttā . 38l
Nisfjama . . . . 380
. . 379 Noksan Nttlu . . . 38l
Nisfkhirāj . . 380
Nishāda . . . 379 Non . . . 381 Wittluvalu। . 381
Nishān . . 379 Noncha . . 380 Nttn . . . 381
Nishānbardār . 379 Nondha . . 380 Nttnchaf . 381
Nishān diwanf . . . . 379 NooZool . 381 Ntine . . 38l
685
 OKA OTT
Page col. line Pagre eol. line Page eol. line
Nuner . 381 39 Okatf . . 382 3l Oor . 535 18
Ntiniā . . . 38l 37 Okil . . . 382 Ooraimah . . . 595 12
Nutrb6f . . 381 41 Okkalapālu . 393 Oolhur . . 537
Nitru। . . 381 43 Okkalatana . . 382 Ooraima . . 595
Nusairf . . 38l 44 Okkaliga _
. 382 Ootty . . . . 384
Nuskha . 381 1 Okkalihamane . . . 382 Opakānam . . 383
NuZttl _ . 381 3 Okkalu . ___ . 382 Oppa . . . . . 383
Nyaeedaish . . . 381 13 Okkalujamad-6lu . . 382 Oppāchāram . __
. 383
Nyamar . . 381 27 Okkama . ___ . 382 Oppadi tugaiyedu . . 383
Nyās
Nyāsa
Nyāt
Nyitti .
Nyāya . . .
Nyāyādhikāra .
Nyftyftdhipati .
Nyāyādhisa .
Nyaydhisi .

Obbidi।
Obeera
Oda . .
Odadār
. .
.
. .
.
' ः ंi

.
.
.
.
.
' ः ं6i
. . 381
. 381
381

381
381
381
381

381
569
38l
382
। Okkame .
Okkanike
Okkula
Ol
Ol .
Olā
.

Ola . .
Olāchā .
Olādukal .
Oladukāl .
Olaga .
Olai
Olaiktidu .
Olapura .
Olapetti .
Olase
Olase .
.

.
.

.
. .

. .

. .
. .

. .
. .
. .

. .

. .
.
.

.
.

.
.

.
382
382
382
382
382
382
382
382
382
382
382
382
382
382
382
382
382
Oppam
Oppanda
Oppandam .
Oppitta . . . .
Oppittadakfigada .
Oppukānam .
Oppumolf .
OppumoZhi .
Or .
Orā .
Oram .
Orapu .
Orave
.

Oravi . . .
Oravinahola
Oravu .
. .
___
. .

.
.
.
. .
.

. 383
_

.
.
.
.
.
.
383
383
383
500
383
383
383
383
383

383
381
383
383
383
383
383
Odagār . . 38l Ol6-uthā . . . 382 Orre . . 381
Odai . . . 38I Ole . . . 382 Orre ___
383
Odam . . . 381 Olekāra . . 383 Orri . . . . . . 384
Odambadike . 384 Oli। . 383 Orudalai walakkan . . 539
Odambaki . Olia . . 590 Oruka . . 383
Odan . . . 38I Olf-āg . 382 Orukal . . 383
Odan . . 38I Olise . . 382 Orukka . . 383
Odana . • . 38l Olly . . 382 Os . . . 383
Odavāram . 381 Olu . . . 383 Os6 . . 383
Odd6laga . . 382 Olugu . 383 Oshut . . 569
Ode . . 381 Olungu . . 53l Osit . .' ः।। 5āj
Odeya . . . 381 Om . . . 383 Osra . 590
Odeyava . . 381 Ombf . . 383 Osul . . 383
Odhā . . . 590 Ombyā . . 590 Osut . 569
Odhan . . . 381 Omkāra . 383 Oswāl . . .' ं ं
Odhanbāki . . . 381 Omlah 23 Otapadi . . 590
Odho . . 382 Omrah . 23 Otārf . . . 383
Odi . . 382 Ond . . 381 383
Otbandf .
Odiya . . 381 Ond6. . . . . . 383 590
Odiyā . . . . . . 382 Ondapattf . . 383 Otbundee . 536
Odumbadigai . . 629 Ondra . . 550 Othapudy . . 590
Ogal Ondu . . 383 Off . 383
. 382 Ongalu। . . 383 Otta . 3T।
• . 382 Ooberas . . 528 Ottadam . . . 383
. 382 Oobonoyanum . . 595 Ottaf . 383
. . 382 Oodeem . . 529 Ottam . 383
. 382 Oodhur . . 529 Ottam . . 383
. 382 Ooktee . . 530 Ottan . 383
. 382 Ool . . . . . . . 382 Ottar __ . . 537
. 383 Oolcoody payacarry . 53l Otti . . . . . . 384
382 Oolkoody . . . . . . 53l Ottianubhogam . . . 590
530 Oollootar . 63l Ottidravyam . 384
382 Oollotore . . . 53l Ottikamparam . . 384
Ohdahdār .
} 530 Ooloogoo . . 596 Ottikāranam
Oddedār . . 382 Oolparacoody . . 53l Ottikulikānam .
Ohoro . . . b50 . 53l Ottikurikānam
Oolpyakoody
Ojan . . . . 382 Oopadhyaya . . . 533 Ottikondavan
Ojandātr . . 382 Oopbhog . 533 Ottimirās
Ojhā . . 382 Oopree . . 534 Ottiper
Oija . . 382 Oopur . 634 Ottiperrola .
Okatlat ___
. 382 . b34 Ottiperola-karanam
Oopuree .
680
 OTT' PAD PAf
Page c ol
Paga Page
. 384 Padastha . . Paghāi6. . . . . 387
Ottiporai nfr 387
. 384 Padātta . 385 Pagf .
Ottu . . . . .
. 384 Padāti Pagrlā . 387
Ottuche kach6ri .
Ottuguttige . . . . . 384।। Padatf # ँ, . .
.
387
387
Ottujameyādahana . Padātika . __ Pagoda .
. 384 Pādavandanikā . Pagri . 387
Ottykoomprom ' ं ं87
Outhbundee . . . 536 Padawi . Pagri .
Owa _ . . 384 Padavf . . . . . . . Pagudi . . 387
. . 384 Paddu . . . . Pºth . . . 387
Owandā . . .
Owandā . 384 Paddu। Pathal .
Owandekari . . 384 Pahaley . . 413
Paddy .
Pade . Pathan . . . 387
Padhfin Pahāmadar . . . 387
Padhānchftri Pahāna khardā . .. . 387
Pahānf . . . 387
Padhānkhānagi .
. 384 Pahānfdār . . . 387
IPa Padi . . . . . .
Pat. . . Pahānf kārktin . 387
Padi . . . . . .
. 387
Paan . Pitdf . Pahitnyā .
P6chaka Padf . Pahātr . 387
Pāhār . . 387
Patchal Pitdi .
Pachār Pahar . 387
Padi.
Pahār . . 387
Pachbheya Padia
Pachchadamu . Padfchāra Pahār6ः . . 387
Pachchāku Pahārekarf . 387
Padihama
P6chh Pahārgutta - . 387
Padijita
Pachh . . •' ' ' ' ं Padik6 . Pahitrf . 387
Pachhal . Padikattu P6hārf . 387
Pachkf . Pahari . 387
Padimurai .
Pachotara . Pāhf . . 387
Padippanam
Padft . Pfthfasāmf
Pachpach 267
Pachw6f.
Pachwf
Padittaram
Padiyā .
Pāhfkāsht { 388
Pād . Pahimalangf . . 388
Padiyāl 387
Pad Padk6ं, ____ Pahny .
Pada Padma . . . . . - Pahon . . . 38S
Pada . . . . . . . . Patdodaka _ Pahyny . . . 387
Pada Padon . Paif . . . . 385
Pāda . . 385 Padr{. . Pāf . . 388
Patdrf . . Pāf . . 388
Pada - . . .
Paidshāh Pāf . . 388
P6dā . . . . .
Pāf asāmf . 388
Padā . . . . . Pādshabf .
Pafb6 . 388
Padabi Padtal
Paifbākf 388
Padāgai . __
Padu . __

Pāfbākikhālisa . 388
Padakal ___ Paidu . __

Padakānikai Padubhttmf . P6fband _ . 388

Paibast . . 389
Padakara . . 385 Padudāral .
. 386 Paibastf . 389
Padakatār . Padugai
Padugai satturam Paifbftwālā . . . . . . 388
Padakatha
Paidā . . . 591
Padakel . Padugar . 389
Padakkam Padugu . Pāfda . .
Padam Padunilam Paifdakhtf . . 388
Padana . . . Padunu . . . . . : Paid6wār.
Paidāwārf .
. 591
' ः।। 5ji
Padamayuppa . |. Padunuvarshamu . . 591
Padamu Padup6r . Paigar
Paduwari Paigasti . 388
Padappai . . 388
Padappam Paij
. . 388
P6dar Pंfk
. 387 591
Padaram .
Paik6 . . 388
Padārgh . Paikamu। . 388
Padārgh . Pag6 . . .
Paifk{tn . 388
Padārgliya . Pagiidār . . 388
Padārtha . . Paikātr
Pagadi 388
Padasāksha . . Pagai . Patikārf
267।।
Padasāksht . Pagftnavis . P6fkāsht . 388
Padasankfrna . Pagār . . 388
Pagār Paikashtee .
Padasara .
Padasāra _ Pagdāndi _ _ _
.. ॐ Paikāsht raiyat . . 388
687
 PAf PAK PAN
Page col. line Page col. Page eol,
Patikāsht Zamfn . 388 Paksha . . 390 2 Pallakkf b6f . . 392
Paimitish . . . . . . 388 Pakudi . . 387 1 Pallam . __ . 392
Paimāishdār . 389 Pakuti . . 390 2 Pallamu . . . . . . . 392
Paimitish-i-kampits . 389 P61 . . 390 2 Pallan . . . . . 392
P6fmāl . . 388 P61 . . 390 2
Pāfmālf
Pallapumādu . . . 392
. . 388 Pal . . . 390 2 Pallapupanta . . 392
Paimānkash . 389 Pal . . 390 2 Pallar . _ . 392
Pain . . 389 Pala . . 390 2 Pallarvari . . 392
Pain . . 389 Palā . . 390 2 Palle . . 392
Pafn . 389 Pala . . . . 391 1 Pallee . . 392
Painām . . 389
Palabhogam . 391 1 Pallehāsilu . . 392
Painch6. - . . 389
Palaganda - . 391 1 Pallevād . . . 392
Pāfnowād . 388
Palagorru . . 391 1 Palli . . . . . . . . 392
Painth . 389 Pālai . 391 1 Palli . . 392
Pairft __ . 389 Pālat . . . 391 1 Palli . . 392
Pāfra . . . . . . . . 389 Palāfb6 . . 391 1 Pallf . . 392
Paira . . . . . 4l3 Palaiyakāran . . 391 2 Palli . . . 392
Pairaiyat . . . 388 Palaiyapādu . 391 2 Pallf . . . 392
Paireg . 389 Palaka . . 39l l Palligram . 392
Pairf . 389 Palakaputra . 391 1 Pallimāyal . . . 392
_}

Pairu . . . . . 389 Palakbetā . 391 I Pallisādi . . . . . 392

Pairu . . . . . . . . 4l3 Palakosham . 391 1
Pairudār . . . . . . 389
Pallivāsalmāniyam . . . 392
Palakunda . . 39l l Palliya . 392
Paisa . . . . . . . . 389 Palam . . 391 1
P61-s6bek . 388
Palliyavanu . . . . 392
Palān . . 391 l Palliyarkāran . . . 392
Paisācha . . . 389 Palancheru . . 391 l Palliyarvilamban . . . . 392
Paisalu . . 389 Palapattadai . . . . . . . . 99l l Pallu . . . . . . . 392
Paisār . . . . . 389 Palapattadai kudikal . . 39l 2 Pallu . . . . . . . . 392
Paishā . 389 Pālāsavidhi . . . . . 891 2 Palludār . 392
Patsotako . . . 389 Palashweedee . . 39 1 2 Pallut . . . 393
Paitā . . 389 Palātak . . . . 391 2 Palmttk . . 890
Pāfta . . . 389 Palathf . . 391 2 Palpattf . . 390
Paithā . 389 Palāttika . . 391 2 Pailu . _ . . 393
Paitrik . . 389 Palāwat . 391 2 Palugāranu . . . . . . 393
Paitrika . . 389 Pāle _ . . 391 2 Palugenichittu . 393
Paivilasamu . . 389 Palegādu . . 391 2 Paluku amarike . 393
Paiwast . . . . . 389 Palegār . . . 391 2 Palum . . • . . . 393
IPaiwastf . . 389 Palegāra . . 391 2 Palutirugulu। . 393
Paiyā . 389 Paleiyam . . 391 2 Palwftr T . . . 393
Paiyad . . . 59l Pail6llu . . 391 2 Palwf . . 393
Paija . . . 389 Patlemu . 39l _ 2 Pampa ___ . . 393
Pajanf . . 389 P{tl6rlu . . 391 2 Pampakamu . . . . . 893
Pajanigaro . . 389 Patl6ru . . . 391 2 Pampalu jabitā. . . . . 393
Pajaw6 . . . . . 390 Pāleru . 391 2 Pampu . 393 _

Pakanādinavaru . . . 390 Palesi . . 392 1 Pan . . 393

Pakang . . 390 Paleti • . _ . 392 1 Pain . . 393
Pakee . 390 Palew . . . • • . . 392 l Pan . . 393
Pakh . . . 390 Palevu . . 391 2 Paga . . . . . . . . 393
Pakhāl . . 390 Paleya . . . . . . . 39l 2
Pakhātlf . . . . . . 390 Palgftranu . . 393 I Pana . . . . . . •} 393
591
Pakhālyā . . . . . . 390 Palhu . . . . . . . . 392 2
Pama . . . . . . . . 393
Pākhar _ . . 591 Palf . . . . . . . . 392 l Pana . . . . . . . . 394
Pakhela . 390 Pāli . . . . . . . . 392 l
Pana . . . . . . . . 394
Pākhf . . . . 390 P:tliā . . 392 1 Pānā . . . . . 397
Paiki . . . . . 390 Paliaput . . . . 39 1 2 Pānad . • . . . 394
Pakkā . . . 390 Palikāpu . . . . . 392 1
Pakka Pftlinavākkalu .
Panftdf . . . . . . . . 307
_ . . 390 . . 393 l
Pamai , 394
Pakkāghar . . . . 390 Palisa . . . . . . . 392 I
Pakkatchitthft . . 390 Palisamadaka olakaranam • 392 I
Panakyā . . 397
Panand . . 394
Pakkāthiseb . . . 390 Pailfsf . . . 392 I
Panandh . . . 394
Pakkam . ___ . 390 Palft . . . . 392 1
Pakkanam . . . . . 390 P{tlkf . . 392 1
Panayakftran . . . 394
Pākkātnilam 390 Pall6 . . . 390 2
Panayakkachitta . . . . 394
Pakkapftwu . . 4l2 Pallā . . . . 392 l Panayam . . . . 894
Pakkāser . 390 Pallā . . . . 591 1
Panaya-ola-karana . . 394
Pakli . . . . . ā)91 Pallacheri। . . 392 2
Panayapāttam . . . . . 894
Pakota . 416 Pallakki . . 392 l Pamayapittta kulikānam . . 394
Panayappāta . 394
6ss
 PAN PAN
Page cOl.
Page Page
. . 394 Pandar . . 396 1 Pānfgrihftf . . 398
Pamayellata-kāran . . 397
Panbahā . . 393 Pandāra . . . 396 Panikar .
Pānbahā .. . . 591 Pandāra katlai। . 591 Panikāran
Pānbattā . 393 Pandftram . . 396 Panikkal .
Painbhar . . . . 397 Pandāram _ . 396 Pamikkan
Panbharyā . . 397 Pandāravādagat . . 396 Panippura .
Panbudft . .. 397 Pandāravādai . . 396 Panividaikāram .
Panboor . . 397 Pandārf . . 396 Paniyārf .
Pānbttr . 397 Pandārf . . 396 Panj
Panch Patndavabfdu। . . 396 Panja . .
Pānch . . . 394 Pande . . . . 396 Panjit . . . . .
Pancha _ . . . 894 Pandell . . . 396 Panj6 . . . . .
Panchagrāmadava . 394 Pander peyshe . 396 Panjatitā
Panchāit . . 394 Pandery puttee . . 396 Panjam . _

Panchāft . 394 Pāndhara . 396 Panjamttlfgdār .

Panchāfti . . . 394 Pandharapattf . . 396 Papjfipgam .
Panchāft jittf . 394 Pandharapesha . 396 Panjay taraba .
Panchāft khānagi . . . 394 Pāndi _ . . 396 Panjduf
Panchāft nāma . 394 Pāndf . . 307 Panjf
Panchāft sarkārf . . 394 Pandili . . . . . . 396 Panjik6।। '. । 398
Panchaka . . 394 Pandiri . . . . . . 390 Panjinttl
Panchakf . . 394 Pandit . . . . . . 396 Panjrāpol .
Panchakf . . . Pandita . . 396 Panjrāpor
Panchakf jamā . Pandrā . . . . . . 396 Panjtan
Panchakf mahattrān . Pandrapolamu . . . . 396 Panjtanipāk
Panchakf mauja Pandraputty . . . 396 Panjtfrthi . . .
Pancha krosf . Pāndravādu . . . . . . 306 Panju
Panchāla . Patndree . 396 Panjuri
Panchama . _ . . 395 Pāndree . . . 396 Pankti

Panchamabfinajiga. Pandu। . 396 Pānlot .

Panchamahāpāttaka . Pandumu . . . 396
Panmahāl . . ---
Panchambandham . P:tnduri . . 396 Pānmalā .
Panchamf . . 396 Pānduvā . . 396
Panmār .
Panna .
Panchānga . Pandyā . . 396
Pannacheri .
Panchānga . . . . Pandyā . . 397
IPanchanga māniyam . Pane . . 4l4 Pannai
Panchanga mirāsu Panejita . . 397
Pannaikātran ' ं āं
Panchangan . Paing . . . . . . . 397
Pannaissumai
Panchāngf . Pangā . . . . . . . . 397 Pannaiyāl .
Pancharātra Panniah।
Panga . 397
Panniar . _
Panchati . Pangftchāt . . 397
Panchatra . Pangālf . . 397 Pannimalayan . .
Panchattara . Panntt _ : 398
Pangu . . . 397
Panolā
Panchāyat . Pangu . . . 397
Panchāyatf Pangubitdi . . 397 Pānpatra .
Panchayattu Pangubhagam . 397 Pitnphol
Panchchhatāk . . 395 Paugukāran . . . 397 Panptka .
Panch do . 395 Pangul . _ . 397 Panpikaleg .
Panch kosf . Paugum{tlai . . . . . . 397 Pānrahāth
Pansāl
Panch kosf . . . Pangumitlai kanakku . . 397 Pansālā
Papchotara . . Papguni . . . . . . 397
Pānsarā . _
Panchotarā . . . . Paijgupirindavargal . . 397
Pansftrhatā . . .
Panchotara kaiffat . Pitnguttā . . 393
Panchotarf .
Pansftrf .
Panguvali . . 397
Panserf
Panch6trā . 395 PanguvaZhi . . . 397
Panchottara Pānsf . .
Panguvidam . 397
Pansf .
Panchoutr6 . Panguvikrayam . 397
Pansof
Pānd . Panguvikrayachfttu . . 397
Pandā . Panhala . . 397 Pansupārf
. 396 Pant . . .
Paindā Panhar6।। . 397
Pandakasatla. Panllarin . . . 397
Panta .
Pandakāval Panherf. . 397 Panta cheruvu .
Pandal Pºinf . . 397
Pāntaka .
Pandala . Pani . . 398
Pandala Pantakailu .
Pānt . . 398
Pantanfrasam
Pandam . Patnfgrahama . 398 'ः ॐ
Pandān . 393 Pantasāla
____
Panigrihftā . 8 । . 398
689
 PAR
Page Paga eol. line Page ept. lin_
Panth . . . 899 ;1l Parājaya . . . 40l 32 Parchit . . 69l ।
Painthal . . 398 1 Parajttw6 . 591 38 Parcluttnf . . . 402
Panthf . . 399 Pārākāran . 401 45 Parchttnff .
Patnthf
Painthfdār
Patntf .
Patnt{{tlo
. .
. .
.
399
399
399
399
Parakh
Pārakh
Pārakh .
Parakhāf .
. 402
402
. 402
. . 402
।
2 34
34
38
3.6
Parchuran
Parda
Pardanishin .
Pardhān . .
. .
.
. .
. .
. 402
402
402
402
422
Patntiāro . 390 Parakudi . . . 400 33 Pareha . . 402
Patntidār . . . 399 Parakudi . . . . 4l8 3 Parela . . 591
. 399 '।।
Pantojt . Parakudi-ul . 400 45 Paremudal . . 402
Panubagu . . 393 Parakudivāram . . . 400 42 Pargana . . . 402
Patnw . 385 Parftmftnik . . 423 Parganā . . . . . 402
Panwal .
Panwar shādf .
P:to
Pato .
Pato . . . .
Paton .
Paton
P{tonā
Patonedo .
Patoniyā
Paosher
Patotakf .
Patotf .
Pap
Papa
Papar
Papar .
Pitpatamu।
Par
P:tr
.
.

_____
__

. . .

. .
.
. .
.

.
.
.
.

. .
.
. .
.
. .

. .
.

.
. .
. .
.
398
399
386
399
412
385
399
399
399
399
591
399
399
399
399
399
399
399
399
399
Paramanick .
Paramba
Parambadikuradu .
Parambapāttam .
Parambavāram .
Parambhattar .
Parambhattārak
Parambu।
Parampa .
Parampara .
Paramparāgata .
Parftnch .
Paranchā .
Parapayir kudi
Parapenth .
Parāpu . .
Paraptirb6
Parapttrvā .
Pitrftppura
Patras
.
_
. . 592
. 401
. 401

. . 40l
401

. 401
. . 401
. 401
. . 401
. 400
. . 400
. 401
. 401
. 413
. . 4l5
. 401
. 400
. 400
. 402
. 401
Pargana-kānungo .
Parganat
Parganfttf-jama
Parganftti-kharch .
Parganfttinirkh .
Parganawftr .
Pari
Pari .
Pari6 .
.

Pariftjamin .
Pariah .
Pariar
Parichārak
Parichha
Paridānam
Paridhāvf .
Parigraha
Parik
Parikā
Parikai .
. .
. . .
.

.
402
402
402
402
. 402
. 402
. 402
. 403
. 403
. 403
. 40l
. 40l
. 591
. 402
. 402
402
. 402
. 402
. 402
402
। । ।
_

Pitr Parasa. . . 40l Parikh . . . 402

Para . Pftrftsam . 591 Parikhā . . 402
Pārā . 385 Pitrasava . . . 400 Parfkshā . . . 402
Patra . Paraspathar . 40l Parikshaka . . . 402
Parā Parastraineya . 400 403
Patrfnadaftar
Patra . Parasu . 401 }
691
Patra . Parasurftma . . . 40l . 403
Parinaya . .
Para . Parasurftma srishtf . . 401 Parinftya . . . 403
Parā . Paratana . . . 401 Parinftyya . . 403
Para . Paratanisā . . 401 Paripālana . . . 403
Para Paratātst . . 429 Parishkāra . . 403
Pārā Paratbhānde . 401 Paristlan6. . 403
} Patrāva . . . 401 Parft . 403
Para . . . 401 Paravalkādu। . 402 Paritvārā . . . 403
Parab . 401 Paravalkādupunjai . 402 Parivarttanam . . 408
Parab . ___ . 404 Paravan . . 402 Parivedana . . . 403
Parabattiyam . 400 Patritvāra . . . 399 Parivett6 . . 403
Parabhātrla . . 400 Paravārf . . 402 Parivittf . . . 403
Parfibhava . . 40I Parayan . . . 40l Parivrftja . 403
Parabiya . . . 401 Parb . . 404 Pariwalā . . 403
Paracoodie . . 400 Pftrbana . . 404 Pariya . . . 403
Paracoody . . 400 Parbanf . . . . . 404 Pariyāya . . . 403
Paradesa . . 400 Parbat . . . . . 404 Parjā . . 4.23
Paradesavāsf . 400 Parbatiya . 404 Parjftwat . . . 423
Paradesf . . 400 Parbattiya kāran . 426 Parkhāf . . . 402
Paradesigra . . 400 Parbattiyam . 425 Parkara . . 386
Paradwftra . . 400 Parbutty . . . . 425 Parkath . . . 385
P:tritgftm . . 400 Parbba . . . 404 Parkel . . . 380
Paragoody . . 400 Parbhārfthak . . . . 402 Parkhāttinf . . 403
Paragotra . . 400 Parbhftru-babtt . 591 Parkhera . . . 403
Paraicheri . . 401 Purbhtt . . . 402 P:trkh{ . . 402
Paraiyadikiravan . . 401 Parbunny . 404 Parkhift . . 402
Paraiyan. . . 401 Pitrchn. . 402 Parnftla . . 403
Paraiyar . . . 401 Pirchftijins . 402 Parosf . 403
Paraja __ . . 400 Parchirry . . . 401 Parpaith . . • ' ं ijं
090
 IPAR. PAS PAr
IPage eol, line Page col

Parpatti . . 425 35 Pāsa . ; Patani . . . 417

_ % 404 16 Patsā . _ Pattarā . . 407
Parpatya ` । 425 Pas:telum . . Pattara . . . . . . 407
Parpata . 424 Pasftetawālā . Pattārf . . . . . . . 406
Parputra . . 424 Pasaetug Pattasthal - - . . . . . 406
Parra . . . 403 Pasama Patāttātlikā . _ . 409
Parra. . 403 Pasamakur . Patātti . . . 407
Parra-uppu . . . 403 Pasftnam . Patāttin . . 407
Pasar Patāvan _ . . 407
Parravuppu {
* । 403
535 Pasātra . Patavf kunwar . 407
Parre . . 403 Pasftre Patawat . . 59l
Parru . . 403 Pasārf . Pattbandi। . 406
Parruchitti . 403 Pasārf _
Patch . . 384
Parsa . 401 P:tsbān Patcherry . 401
Parsāf . . . . 403 Pasethi . Patcurry . . . 408
Parsāksha . . . 386 Patshān Pattdām . . 406
Parsākshf . . 386 Pashāna . . . . . PatebāZ • • - - . . 400
Pārsi। . 403 Pashftna chaturdasf Pateka . . . . . . . 407
Parsu . _ . . 40l Pashātnam . Patel • . . . . 407
Partā . . . 691 Pashm . Patel6 . . . . . . . 407
Partal . . . 403 Pashmina Patgheri . . . 691
Pashmfnā . Path . . 407
Partāl } # Patsf . . . . . . Path . . . . . . . . 407
Partāl . . . . . 403 Pasf . . . . . . Path . . . . . . . . 59 I
Partitljarib . . 404 Pasf . . . . . Pattha . . . . . 407
Pasf . . . . . Pātha . . . . 407
Partāl-ojan . . 404
Partan . 591 Path-ail . . . . 591
Pasige
Partār . 591 Pasike Patthak • . . . 407
Parthiva . . 404 Pasiki। Pathān . . . . . . . . 407
Partf . . . 404 P:tsodf . Pathar . . . . . . . 407
Parttjadfd Passewa . Patthar . . 407
. . 591
Partikadim . . 404 Pasu . . Patharflā . . 407
Parugu _ . 404 Pasubevala Pathariyā . . . 407
Parukivarah6 . . 404 Pasuge Pattharwat . . 407
Patrupatya . . . . 404 Pasumai . . Pºtthf . . 399
Pathik . 407
Patrupatyagār . . . 404 Pasumpul Pathika . . 407
Pārushya . . . 401 Pasunkarai . . .
Parwa . . 404 Pathorf . . 407
Pasupāla .
Patrva . . . . 404 Pasup{tlana. Patthsālā . . . 407
Parvan . 404 Pati . . . 407
Pasupu
Patrvana ____ . . 404 Pasurf ___
Patti . . . . 407
. Pitrvama srfiddha . . . 404 Pat . . . . . Pattt . . . . 407
Patrvanf _ . . 404 Pat __
Pं{{ . . 407
Parvata . . 404 Patt Pattt . . . 59 l
. . .
Parvatiya . Patift . . . 407
. . 404 Patt . .
Patiftr . 407
Parvatyakāran . 426 Patt .
Patiftra . 407
Parvatyam . . 425 Pata
Parwa . 404 Pattichor . __ . . 407
Patta .
Parwftna . . . 404 Patā . Pfttidār . . . . . . 407
Parwāna bāZu। . 404 Pattid{tr . . 591
Patā
Pattika . . 407
Parwānugf . . 404 Patā .
Pattikāran . 407
Parwfinagf bardār . 404 Pftta
Parwatnagf chithf . . 405 Patāt . Pºttfl • • • • . 407
Parwftna-gu?asht . . 404 Patā . . . Pattilf . . . . . . . 408
Parwatna-i-istaklāl . . 404 Patai . . . . Patilkf . . . . . . . . 408
Parwitna-i-subahdar . . 404 Patak . . . P:ttilpatwarf . 408
Patit . . . . . . 408
Parwāna-wfigu?asht . 404 Pattak
Patita .
Patrw{tr . . 399 . 408
_ Pattaka . . . .
Parwar . . 405 Patitāb{td • • • • 408
Pittakālagutta . .
Parwarda . 40b Patakf . _
Patitabadi-gird-kamf . 408
Parwftrf . 402 Pattakf Patitkamf • • - - 408
Parwarish . 406 IPattakw6 . Pativa . . . . . . . 408
Parwastf . . 405 Pativārachftta . . . . . 407
Patukyā . Pattivāram . . . 407
Parwf . 405 Patam .
Paryāya . Pattam Patk6 . . 408
. . 403
Pattamkār . Pattkarf . • • • • . 406
Paryāya . . . 403
Pas ___ . . 405 Patamma Patkarf . . . . . . . 406
691 ।
 PAT PAT PAW
Page col. Page
Patkat . . . . Pattanaswftmf . . . . . 4l0 l Pattukatrityat . . 412
Pattkarfn . . . Pattanella . . . 409 2 412
Patl6 . . Pattanf . 410 1
Pattukattu - } 591
Patmaf . Pattanf . . 410 1 Pattuvale . 412
Patnā . -
Pattanf 410 ।।1 Patu। . . 4l2
Pattanfdār . . . 410 2 Paitu . . . 412
Patnabogami .
Pattanf-ijitrā . Pattuk . . . . 412
Patnachitty . . 410 2
Patnf Pattani-tftluk . . 410 2 Patunela . . 412
Patni . Pattani-tāluka . . . 410 2 Patw6 . . 406
Pattanjama khurd Patw6।। . 412
Patnfbhāga . . 410 2
Patnidār Pattankami . . . 410 I Pat wār . . 406
Patom . Pattankattf . . 410 l Patwarf . 406
Patomchit Pattanwftr ___ . 410 1 PatwāZamfn . . 412
Patorf . Pattapadhāncharf . 423 1 Pātt .
. . 4l2
Patotf
Patpar .
Pattapara. . . . . . . 409 2
Pattaparamba . .
Pattaprawritti
. 400 2
Patu
Patti .
Paud .
,
. .
. .
412
385
3 ;
Pattparf . . . 409 2
Patr Pattar . . 4ll l Paudha . . . 412
P1tr . Pattara . . 4ll l Paudhelā . . . 412
Patra Pattarai . . . 4ll l Pāttl . . 385 1
Pattātri . . 41 । I . . 391
Pattra .
Patrasftla .
Patravādu .
Patrikā .
Pattrudu .
Patsāku।
Patta .
Pattā .
Patta . . .
.
Pattāsalftmf
Pattātt{tluk
Pattātthikā .
Pattatviruttf .
Pattatwat
Pattāyam .
Pattayola
Pattayolakaranam .
_ .
.
.
.
.
. .

.
.
.
.
591
409
409
409
409
408
409
409
2
1
1
l
1
2
2
2
Paulbhogam .
Pattili .
Pātin
Paun .
Paunarbhava
Paunf
Paunchway .
Patinser
Paunsway
.
____

. .
. 412
. 399
. 393
. . . 4l2
. 412
. . 398
. 591
. 399
।
Pattā . . Patte . . _ . 408 2 Paura . . 412
Patta . Pattekarf . . . 409 1 Paurasabhā . . . 448
Patta Pattemātr . 4l l I Pauri। . . 419
Patta . . . Pattew{tr6 . . 409 I Paurnamāsa . . . 4 l2
Pattat amāni . Pattf . . 407 I Paurnamāst . 412
Pit1tātchfttā Pattf . . 4l l l Paurohityam . . 4.29
Pattftdahsāla _ 411 2 Paus . . 412
Pattadai . . .
Pattf } }}' ं Paush . 412
Pattadai kalami Patti। . . 411 2 Pausha . . 4l2
% 411 2 Paushf . . 412
Pattadaiyār Pattf
_
५ 591 2
Pattatd:tr . Pautdauma . . . 400
Pattadarf Pattt . . 4l I 2 Pauth . 412
Pattadi. . Patti . . 412 1 Pauti . . 412
Pattaikāl Pattti . . . . 412 I Pātitf . . 412
Pattiam . . . 408 2 Pautijamfn . . 412
Pattaiyam
Pattājanājitt . Pattfdftr . 411 I Pautra . . 412
Pattakan . Pattidārf . . 4l l l Pautrf . .
Pattakftnam . Pattige . ___ . 412 I Pavāda . . 412
Pftttakandam Pattigeyftrambh . 412 1 P{tvalā . . 4l2
Pattākāran . Pattihama . 411 2 Patvale . . 412
Pattakāran Pattikādu। . . 4l I 2 Pāvali . . . . 4l2
Pattakattu . Pattinam . 411 2 Paverā . 412
Pattina randu। _ . 4l2 1 Pav{ . . 4l2
Pattakdftr . . . Pattinavam . 411 2 Pavitra . . 412
Pattakudissik Pattiom . . 408 2 Patwu . . . 412
P{ttt{tlf . . Pattiram . . 408 2 P:tvunf . . 4l2
Pattalf . Pattiwastili . 4I l 2 P:twalā . 412
Pattam . . . 409 Pattiyam . . 4l2 I P:twalf . ' ं iiं
Pattam . . . _ 412 1 Patwarā . 412
Pattāmftniyagftr
Pattiyan . ___ { 591 2 Pawrohetu . 429
Pattatmftniyakāran Patto . . . 408 2 Pāy . . 388
Pattan . . Patttola . . . 409 2 Payak . 3S8
Pattan Pattolai . . 382 2 412
Pattan . Pattora . . 412 I Payakātri. 413
Pattan . . Patttt . . . 4l2 1 Payakoody . 413
Pattu . . . 4l2 I Pityakudi . . 4l3
Pattana
Pat!u . 412 1 Piyalf . 4l3
!'attanasetti. _
Pattukādu . 412 1 Payara . 4l3
092
 PAW PER PHU
Page Page col.
Payarapanta . . 4l3 Perumbattu . • . 4l4 Phank .
Payattu-pāttam . • . 4l3 Perumbut . . 4l4 Phankarā .
Paycarry . . . 4l2 Perumpongol . . 42l Phanph .
Paychal . . 4l3 Perunārf . 4l4 Phāns .
Payik . . . 388 Perunige . . 4l4 Phāns6 .
Payimasi . 388
Perunfr
378 Phānsf
Payir . . 4l3 414 Phitnstgar .
Payir kāran Perunkāltarisu . 4l4 Phānsfgār
290 Perunkollan . • • 4l4 Phānsfkāt
Payirkudi . { 413 Perya • 4l4 Phānsfkhamba .
_

Payirkudi . __
• 4l3 Pesalu . . . 4l4 Phānt
Payirsheykaikftran . • 4l3 Pesha . . . 4l4 Phānt .
Payirsheymuritimai . . 4l3 Peshānf . 4l4 Phātntadār .
Payirtolil . • . 4l3 Peshcush 415 - Phānteg .
Payirvali . 4l3 Peshgf . . 4l4 Phāo .
Payirveli . • . 4l3 415 Phātorā
Paykasht . 388 Peshgfdār . 592 Phar .
Payposhi . . 4l3 Peshkār . 415 Phar
Peadā . . . Peshkash . 4l5 Phār .
Peadāmahasil . 418 Peahkashf _ . 4l5 Pharā . .
Pechchu। . 4l3 Peshkash-i-bā2ār . . 4l5 Pharb62 .
Peddakāpu . . . . 4l3 Peshkash-i-mahājan . 4l5 Pharbā2f .
Peddapanta . . . . 4l3 Peshkist . . 4l5 Pharchā .
Peddapuri . . • . 4l3 Peshkush . . 4l5 Pharchhā
Peddareddi . . 4l3 Pete . . 4l5 Phardphant
Peddatalli . P6te . . . 4l5 Pharf . .
Peddatandrf • 4l3 Peth . . 4l5 Phari6.
Peeh . • • 4l8 Pethf6.. . . 415 Phārfāmf .
. Peend . 418 Petisharfk . . 4l5 Pharjarowa .
Peer . • . 4l8 . 535 Pharkarf .
Petlupu
Peheri . • 4l3 Pettah। . 4l5 Pharnfs .
Peherf • • 4l3 415 Pharnfsf .
Peishcush • 4l5 Pettai . 592 Pharnisf .
Pejeg . . . . • • 4l3 Pettendār . 4l5 Pharnivisi
Pejeg-jātipeg . • 4l3 Petun . . . 4l5 Pharniwisf .
Pelisha maduko . . 392 Petyāl . 4l5 Pharo . __

Pen . . . . • 4l4 Petibud . . 4l5 Pharpharmās .

P6n • 4l4 Pewabud . 4l5 Pharpharmās
Pendā _
Phadyā . 4l5 Pharptis .
Pendaimarakkāl • • 4l4 Phāg . . . . 4l5 Phars6..
Pendāpattt . 4l4 Phāgpattf . . 4l5 Pharsfb .
Pendāra . • . 4l4 Phagu . . 4l5 Phās
Pendārf . • 4l4 Phāgu . - . 4l5 Phāsf . . . .
Pegdhā • 4l4 Phāgun . . 4l5 Phāstdebitwālā .
Pendhāra . 4l4 Phal . . 4l5 Phāstkhemagyā
Pendhāri . • 4l4 Phāl . . 4l5 Phaskf
Pendi • 4l4 415 Phāt .
Phala
Penemool . 591 592 Phātak . .
Penmttl . . 591 Phālā . 4l5 Phatak . .
Pennāl. • - 4l4 Phalabhoga . 415 Phatakbandf
Pent . • • 4l5 Phalagaini . . 415 Phatākf .
Penta . • • 4l4 Phalaguttige . . 4l5 Phatbandf
Penth . 4l5 Phālanf . . 415 Phatechits .
Penthpār . 4l5 Phitlgun . . 4l5 Phatemārf
Peon • 4l4 Phitlguna . . . 4l5 Phathi .
Per . Phālgunf . . . . 4l5 Phaty6
Pera . • 4l4 Phālf . . 4l5 Phātur6 .
Per6 . 4l4 Phalfo . . . 416 Phaurf
Peradai . Phalkar . . 4l5 Phen
Perakudi . • . 4l4 . 4l5 Pherft .
Phalleeyo .
Pergunnah . . 402 Phalparia . . 416 Pherfdār
Perf . . 4l4 Phānd . 416 Pherphitr .
Perf . . 592 Phāndf . . . 4l6 Phetang . . . .
Peroombut • 4l4 Phāndf . . 416 Phobynggaunthf
Peru . . 4l4 Phāndidā . 416 IPhool -

P6ru। _ • • 4l4 Phangola . 4l6

Perumātraweppu . . 4l4 , 416 IPhul 2
Phangoli .
693
 PHU PIN
Page line cot Page eol.
Phulkar • - 4l5 Pindānwaharya Poddie . 430
Phur . . 416 Pindār6 Podf . ' ं iig
Phurnts . . 4l6 Podi . 419
Phurnfvisf . . 416 Pindārf ' ं ं
Podi .
Pindhārf. Podi . . . 422
Phri6. . . 417 Pingala Podipād .
Phttl . . 417 Pinjāra . Podu . ' ं20
Phul . . 417 Pinjitrf Podu . . 420
Phula . 417 Pinjr6 . Podunilam . 420
Phttlb:ti। . . 417 Pinjrāpol . Podusilawu . ' ः ंj
Phttlf . . . . 417 Pinjrapor . . Pogadi . . 420
Phttlihttn . . . . Pfr. ं _
Poganda ' ः ं20
Phttlkarf . . . . 417 Pfr . . . Pohā, . 420
Phttlkhārf . . . . 417 Pirakudi . Pohonch . ' ः ं20
Phulk{ . 417 Pfrān Poilā . . 420
Phuphit . . 417 Pfratrā Poitā . ' ं ॐj
Phttphā . . . . . 417 Pirauti . Poital .
Phupherf bahin . . 417 Pfrburdr . Pokharf . : 50ं
Phtiphera bhati . 417 Pirdāni . Pokhree . . 592
Phttphf . 417 Pirdhan Poktan . ' ः ं20
Phurkana . 417 Pfr{ . ___ Pokhta . . 426
Phurwā Pfrlapanduga Pokhtānf _ ' ं i20
Phtts . : ii8 Pfrottar . Pokhtānibhaya . . . . 420
Phtttā . 592 Pirottarsādirwarid . . Pokhtānidaroghā . . 420
Phtttāmal . 417 Pirpitl Pol ___ :
417 Pfru . Pola . .' ः ं2j
Phutgfion' } 592 Pfr Zāda . Polā . . . 4.20
Piftda . 418 Pisā . . P6la . . . 420
Pial . . . . . 592 Pisāch Pola . . . 420
Pichalātbāki . . 418 Pisficha Polach . ' ं i20
Pichche . . . 418 Pisāf Polakattai . 422
Pichchetttka . 418 Pisān . Polamu . - ' ं i2)
Pichcheyalate . Pisfts'. 420
Pichu . - . 418 Pishānam Polayan } 426
Pichor . . 418 Pisi। } 420
Picotah . . 418 Pisr . . . . Poleyan 426
Pidāran . . 418 Pisr-6khiāff . Poli . _ . 420
Pidarmajit2f . . 418 Pisr-i-mutabannā . Polia, . _

Pidhf ,. . 418 Pisu . 420

Polian .
Pidhichā . . . . . 418 Pitā . } 426
Pidht-dar-pidlf . . . 4l8 Pitalgola Polich . _ . 420
Pidhipestar . 418 Pitāmaha . Polichcheluttu। ' ं ig)
Pidippu . 418 Pitbharf . Polichchila .
Pidittam . 418 Pfth Polichchilava .
Pighdār . 418 P{th Polikatakāran .
Pih . . 418 Pfth . Polikatam . _

P{k . . 418 Pftha . _ Polikurippu . . . .

Piknuksftn . . 418 Pitipftta . Polimera ___

Pik-pahānf . 418 Pitipatam Polisa .

Piju . . 418 Pitrārjita Polist
Pilār . . . 418 Pitri . . . Politch
Pilhati। . 418 Pitribandha . Pollāt
Pili . . 418 Pitridatta Pollar . .
Piliga . 418 Pitridroha Pollam .
Pilige . . 418 Pitrighatta . Pollem
Piliyan . . 418 Pitrikitrja . Polliam .
Pilla Pitrikārya . Polligar .
Pillat ं ii8 Pitripaksha . Pollim
Pillwany . _
. 427 Pitriyajna . Pollu .
Pilmukattāyinam . . 418 Pitrya . Pollu .
Pilpāyf . . . 418 PiZhār Pollupavutam
Pinatalli . 418 PiZht Polutik{tran
Pinatandri . 418 Plava Polygar
Pind . . 418 Plavanga . Pomalo .
Pinda . Poi . Pombarada .
Pindadatnam . 418 Pod{tr .
Pon
Pindadhikftrf . 418 Poddār .
094
 PON POT PRA
Page eol, line Page eol. line Page col line
Ponakandam . . . . . 420 2 42 | Potchak . . . . . . . 42I 2 37 | Pramādf. . . 423 2 28
Ponam . . . . . . . 420 2 38 | Potchāl . . . . . . . 422 l l2 | Pramāna . . . . . . . 423 2 30
Ponamvāram . . . . . 420 2 44 | Potdār . . . . . . . 422 l 6 | Pramānf . . . . . . 424 l 4
Pondrit perallu . . . . . 42l I 27 | Potdarf . . . . . . . 422 I l4 | Pramānika . . . . . . 423 2 37
Pone . . . . . . . . 42I l 29 | Poteel . . . . . . . . 407 2 28 | Prftmānika . . . . . 423 2 37
Ponegār . . . . . . . 42I l 30 | Poteg . . . . . . . 422 I l6 | Pramānikam . . . . . 423 2 4 ।।
Pongal . . . . . . . 42I l l | Potgf . . . . . . . . 42l 2 34 | Pramānikan . . . . . . 423 2 42
Pongali . . . . . . . 42l I 23 | Pothā . . . . . . . 422 l 28 | Pramātāmahā . . . . . 424 l T
Pongatipandaga . . . . 42I l 26 | Pothdār . . . . . . . 422 I 6 | Pramātāmaht . . . . . 424 l T
Pongol T . . . . . . . 42Il I | Potlleychal . . . . . . 422 I l2 | Pramātht . . . . . . 424 I 9
Pongrhapi . ,. . . . . 42lI 31 | Poth{. . . . . . . . . 422 ! 28 | Pramoda . . .
Ponicando . . . . . . 420 2 42 | Pothlā . . . . . . . 422 I 32 | Pramava . . . . . . . . . .. 424
424 । 10
l I9
Ponkhalu . . . . . . 42l I 33 | Poti . . . . . . . . 422 l 34 | Prftnāyāma . . . . . . 424 l l I
Poodoogoody . . . . . 400 I 34 | Poti . . . . . . . . 422 I 36 | Prānch . . . . . . . 40I 2' 7
Poody T.. . . . . . . 430 2 37 | Poti . . . . . . . . 592 I 37 | Prānnyāya . . . . . . 424 I 2I
Poolian . . . . . . . 420 2 10 | Potikallalu . . . . . . 422 l 4I l Prānt . . . . . . . . 424 I 26
Poollee . . . . . . . 427 l I9 | Potipāta . . . . . . . 422 I 39 | Prapanchitrthā . . . . 424 I 29
Poolyan . . . . . . 426 2 30 | Potipattu . . . . . . 422 l 42 | Prapautra . . . . .. 424 I 39
Poon . . .. . . . . . 427 2 43 | Potivita . . . . . . . 422 I 35 | Prapautrf . . . . . . 424 l 4I
Poonja. . . . . . . . 427 2 39 | Potkharitbं . . . . . 42l 2 40 | Prapitā . . . . . . . . 424 l 34
Poor. . .. . . . . . 428 2 I | Potkharcha . . . . . . 421 2 42 | Prapitāmahā . . . . . 424 I 35
Pooracoody . . . . . . p9l I 30 | Potkharcht . . . . . . 42l 2 42 | Prapitāmahf. . . . . . . 424 l 37
Poorcoodie . . . . . . 400 I 33 | Potni . . . . . . . . 422 2 I | Prftptavyavahāra . . . .. 424 l 42
Pooroopa . . . . . . . 42l 2 4 | Potnis . . . . . . . . 422 I 20 | Prasād . . . . . . . 424 I 45
*oorub . . . . . . . 429 2 2ं Rotppdit . . . . . . . . 422 !
Poorun mashee . . . . . 429 I 42 ||| Potrā2 ! | p.ga, % 424 1 45
. . . . . . 422 2 3 _ ` 592 । 4I
Poos . . . . . . . . 430 l T | Potta . . . . . . . . 42l 2 33 Prasadapatra . . . . . 424 2 II
Poottie . . . . . . . 430 2 37 | Pottadār . . . . . . . 422 I 9 | Prasethi . . . . . . . 424 2 12
Pooty . . . . . . . 430 2 37 | Pottah . . . . . . . . 408 2 24 | Prasiddhipatra . . . . 424 2 IT
Popadu . . . . . . . 421 ।। 35 | Pottal . . . . . . . 422 2 2 | Prastha . . . . . . . 424 2 l4
P6r . . . . . . . . 42l I 30 | Pottar . . . . . . . . 422 l 9 | Prat . . . . . . . . 424 2 20
Porabittu . . . . . . . 42I l 4l | Pottārāju . . . . . . 422 2 3 | Pratbandhf . . . . . . 424 2 29
Porakula . . . . . . 421 1 42 | Pottārf . . . . . . . 422 l I0 | Pratibāda . . . . . . 425 1 44
Poramkadam . . . . . 428 2 43 | Pottu . . . . . . . 422 2 6 | Prfttibftdf . . . . . . 425 2 I
Porapad . . . . . . . 42I l 43 | Potu . . . . . . . . 420 ] 3 | Pratibhāvya . . . . . 425 I I
Poras . . . . . . . 42l 2 l l Potuvan . . . . . . . 422 2 7 | Pratibhtt . . . . . . . 424 2 32
Pore . . . . . . . . 428 2 I | Potwitd . . . . . . . 422 2 9 | Pratibhttgrahanam . . . 425 I 3
Porempoco . . . . . . 428 2 34 | Powala . . . . . . . 502 I 35 | Pratidāna . . . . . . 425 I 5
Porkurippu
Poromkadom. . . . . .। 42l
592 II 37
30 | | Poटhakadai
Prabhu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
422 22 I3
2I ;ेa
## •. .. .. .. .. .. . 425 425 lI T
ll
% .421 22 24 | | Prabhava . ratigyā.
Poroopa . . . . . . . 421 . . .
Prāchf . . . . . . . 422. . 422
22 | Pratiloma . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
22 l9
425 II l l5
l
Poroopu . . . . . . 42l 2 4 | Prāchyā . . . . . . . 422 2 25 | Pratilomaja . . . . . . 425 l l7
Porpaad . . . . . . . 42I l। 43 | Pradāni . . . . . . . 423 2 I0 | Pratinidhi . . . . . . 425 I 2I
Porpaud . . . . . . 42I l 43 | Pradhān . . . . . . . 422 2 27 | Pratinyāsa . . . . . . 425 I 26
Porupu . . . . . . . 42l 2 4 | Prfidwivāka. . . . . . 423 l l3 | Pratipad . . . . . . 425 I 28
Porwal . . . . . . . 42I 2 7 | Prāgnyāya . . . . . . 424 I 2l | Pratipaksha . . . . . . 425 I 30
Porwār . . . . . . . 42I 2 10 | Prāgwāl . . . . . . . 423 I l5 | Pratipat . . . . . . . 425 I 28
Posehoyyavadu . . . . 42I 2 II | Prahu . . . . . . . . 425 2 29 | Pratipatti . . . . . . . 425 I 32
Poshāk . . . . . . . 42l 2 l5 | Praischitto .. . . . . . 426 1 22 | Pratisftra . . . . . . 425 I 34
Poshākpattf . . . . . 42I 2 l7 | Prajit . . . . . . . . 423 l l8 | Pratishthā . . . . . . 425 I 38
Poshyaputra . . . . . . 42I 2 20 | Prajitbhāg .. . . . . . 423 I 34 | Pratiti... . . . . . . 425 । 43
Poshyaputratwa . . . . 42॥ 2 22 | Prajālf . . . . . . . 423 I 36 | Prativitda . . . . . . . 425 l 44
Post . . . . . . . . 42॥ 2 24 | Prajāpāla . . . . . . . 423 l 37 | Prativādi . . . . . . 425 2 I
Post . . . . . . . . . 42॥ 2 27 | Prajapati . . . . . . . 423 I 37 | Prativāst . . . . . . . 425 2 3
Post6 . . . . . . . . 430 I l4 | Prājitpatya . . . . . . 423 I 4l | Prativest . . . . . . 425 2 5
Postf . . . . . . . 42l 2 25 Praiftwat % 423 2 5 | Prativesikatwam . . . . 425 2 7
Pot . . . . . . . . 4.21 9 3I | ***J""* ' ' b92 I 38 | Pratyabhiyoga . . . . . 425 2 l2
Pot . . . . . . . . 422 2 32 | Prajotpatti . . . . . . 423 2 3 | Pratyākalita . . . . . . 425 2 l4
Potabanik . . . . . . 422 I 3 | Prakaran ___ . 423 2 II | Pratyaksha . . . . . . 425 2 l7
Patadār . . . . . . . . 422 ।। 6 | Prakarshit . . . . 423 2 l3 | Pratyakshadarsf . . . . 425 2 l9
Potail . . . . . . . 407 2 29 | Prakāsavikraya . . . * . 423 2 I6 | Pratyarthf .. . . . . . 425 2 20
Potāmel . . . . . . . 422 I 22 | Prakatana . . . . . . 423 2 l8 | Pratyarthf-ftwedana . . . 425 2 2I
Potara . . . . . . . . 422 l 24 | Prakatana kāgidamu . . 423 2 20 | Pratyavaskanda . . . . 425 9 24
Potarf . . . . . . . 422 I 2! | Prakfrnaka . . . . . . 423 2 22 | Pratyuttara . . . . . . 425 2 27
Potaraiat . . . . . . . 422 I 25 | Prākrita . . . . . . . 423 2 24 | Prati . . . . . . . . 426 2 20
Potaraiati . . . 695
. . . 422 I 20 | Pramāda . . . . . . . 423 2 27 । IPrawara . . . . . . . 425 2 32
 PRA PUR
Page eol c 1ine Page
Pravarttaka. . 426 Purdhan . Pulās . . 426
Pravarttakam • - 425 Purdhaun Pulayan ' ः ं
Pravartt{ . . 425 Purgunu . Pulayi . . 426
Prawarttika . . 425 Purjah . Pulbandf . . 426
Pravarttikam . Purjosh Pulgu?ār . . 426
Pravāsa _ : ं; Purjote . Pºilf . . ' ः ं
Pravāsāsedha . . 426 Purkawani Prilf . 426
Prawrajyā . 426 Purkea . Prilf . ' ः ं
Prawrajyāvasita . . . 426 Purky . . . Puliah . 427
Pravrittikāran . . 426 Purokoodee Pulicht . . 427
Prāyaschit . 426 Purrah Pulimār . 427
Prāyaschitta
Prayoga
Prayojyam .
Preta .
Pretāsi .
Pretasrāddha .
Prevatah
Prftidatta .
Prohit
Proith .
Prowartikār
Prut

Puchwye .
Pucka .
Puckalee .
Puckallee
Puckallie .
Puckally
Pudarg
Pudaruck
Puddee
.
_

"
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
• .
.
. .

. .
.
. .
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
426
426
426
426

426
42b
426
429
592
426
424

385
390
390
390
390
390
385
385
। Purramboke
Purwoe
Purwar .
Pushm
Pushoo .
Pussaeeta
Pussaita .
Putchuck .

Putkut

Putkut
Putnee
Putsak
Putta .
Puttuckdar
Puttany .
Puttcutt .
Puttee
Putteedar .
Putteedaree
Putter .
Puttun .
Putty .
}_
Pulinar
Pulinda .
Pulindā .
Pttlitfrwai .
Pulivattu
Pullar .
Pullari .
Pullasan .
Pulliyar .
Pullu .
Pulludin6la
Pttludi .
Puludikādu।
Puludinattu
.

Puludiviraippu
Pulukkai
Pulvari।

Pumba .
Pumstam .
Prtn .
Pun . . . .
Punakulam . .
.
.
.
. .
.
.
' .' ं ँ

.
.
.
. .
.
.
427।।
427
427
592

. 427

: ंi।
.
.

542
. 427

. 427
. 428
427
427
427
427
427।।
427
427
427
427

Pudhan . . . 422 Putty Punam . . . 427

Pudum . . 386 Puttydar . Punarbhtt . . 427
Pug . . 387 Putwarry Punarvivāha . . 427।।
Pugdi . 387 Punās . 427
Puggye . . 387 Punāsa . 427।।
Pugree . . 387 Puchchavero . 592 Punāsafasl . . 427
Puheelee . Prtchi . Puncha - '. ः ं#
Puheli . 4l3 Pudā . . 426 Punchakrushi .
Puhur . . . 387 Pudf . 426 Punchanilam . . 427
Pukka . 390 Pugaivarf . . 426 Punchappātam . 427
Pul . . . 390 Pttgam . . 426 Punda ___
. 427।।
Pull . . 390 Ptigasabh6।। . 448 Pundā . . 427
Pullam . . . . 391 Ptijit . ___
. 426 Pundapfil . . . 427
Pullaputtady . _ . 391 Pitjaimichcham . . 426 Puneah . . 428
392 Ptijarf . . 426 Punja .
Puller .
} 408 Ptiju . . . 426 Punja . . 427
Pun . . 393 Pukhta . 426 Punj6. . . . . 427
Punch . . 394 Pukkachittā . . 426 Punja . . . 427
Punda . 396 Pukkamuri . . 426 Punjadft . . 427
Pundit . 396 Pukkawftra . . . 426 Punjah . . 427
Pung . . 397 Pul . 426 Punjai . . . 427
Punjum . 427 Pul . . 427 Punjaikftdu। . 428
Punna . 398 Pul6 . . 426 Punjaitottam . . 428
Punnah . . 398 Pttlā . . . . 426 Punjaivari . . 428
Punt . . 399 Pulachcht . . . 426 Punjam
Punth . _ . 399 Pulaimakan . 426 Punje . 427
Punwarshadee . . . 399 Pulainar ' ः ंीं Punjee . 427
Purakudi . . 400 Pulftkalli . . 426 Punjf . 427
Purbareebabtee . 591 Pulatkam . 426 Pttnjt . . . 427
Purbany . . . 404 Pulakottil . 426 Punsavana . . 427।।
Purbony . 404 Pulam . . 426 Punsey _
. . 427 38
Purcha . . 402 Pulamādam . . 420 Punshey . . . . . 427 38
Purdahnisheen . 402 Pulappati . 426 Punsheykfidu . . 428
696
 PUN PUR RAH

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Punsheyt6ttam . . 428 Ptirva . . . . Rab{tri . 43l
Punsheywari . . . 428 Purvāf . _ Rabb . . 43l
Punya . . 428 Pttrvaja . . . Rabb-ul-ar? . 431
Punyā . . 428 Ptirwf . . . . Rabb-ul-māl . 43l
Punyāha _
428 Pitrviya Rabb-us-salam . . 43l
Punyāhachithi . . . . 428 Pttrwa Rabi . . 43l
Punyāhakharch . 428 | Purwamf . Rabia . ___ . 43l
Punyāhapittra . 428 Purwanfband . Rabia-ul-awal . . 43l
Punyfthasuni . . 428 Purwar Rabia-us-5ftnf . 43l
Punyāhavachanā Pris R6bnf . 43l
Punyakshetra . ं i28 Pushkarinf _ Rabnttk . 43l
Pur _ . 428 Pusht . . . . Rābtā
Pur। . 428 Pushta . . R{tbtā-mhār . . . 43l
426 Pushtabandf Rabtyā . . 43l
Pur6 . . . . 592 Rāch • • 43l
Pusht ba pusht .
Pura . 428 Push dar pusht Rācha . 43l
Purā . Pushtibandi Rāchavādu . . 43l
Pttr6. . . . Pustak . Rāchewar . 43l
Pura • • • • . | Pustaka . Rāchhas . . . 436
Pttrab . . . . Pustakpānat Rāchhas . . 436
PuradZa . Pustdarpust . . Rāchhasbiath . . 436
Puraja . Prit . Rad . . . . . . 43l
Purajārf . _
Puth Radarree . . . . 432
Pttraka . . . . Putra Radbātel 431
Purakalam • Putrabhāga . Radd . • . 43l
Pttram . Putrapautrādf नििर्ते-ijawat . . . 43l
Puramanai . Putrapratinidhi Raddnāma . . 43l
Purambokka . Putraputrādi . Raddu . . 43l
Puramboku . Putreshtf fेijawab . . . . . 43l
Puramkādam Putrf . . . . . Raddu-madida-kfigada . . 43l
Purampoku Putrikā _ Rādh . 43l
Purāna . . Putrikfiputra . . Rādhi . 43l
Purandata Putroishtojāg . . Radhfya . 43l
Purāmt Puttakam _
Rāe . . . 432
Purāntbāki . Puttakdār . Rafa . . .
Purat . ___ Puttan . Rafa dāfa .43l
Purātanabfdu . Putti . Rafa nāma • . 43l
Purattāsi . Puttidosillu। Rafia . . . . . .432
Purawam. Puttimānike . Rafia-ul-darjāt . . . 432
Puravaramba Putttval . Rafia-us-shān . .432
Puraveli . . . . Puttivalpātam Rāfi7f . .432
Pttrba . . . .432
Pyal .
Pitrbiya . Pyce . . . . 432
Pttrdarā Pykausht . . . 432
Purf . . . 432
Pykaust .
Prirf Pyke . 432
Puri . Pymaeesh . . 432
Puriālam . Pymash . Ragon . . . 432
Pttriān . Pysa . . 432
Pitrkāyath Pytha . . 432
Pttrmātbhisheka Pyud . . . 432
Ptirmabhishikta . . . 443
Pttrnamāsa. . . . 432
Pitrnamāsf . 432
0aZee . 272 432
Pttrnapātra Qibala . . . 244 Rahādārijakāt
Pttrnimā . Rahāi . . 432
Qoul - . 270 . . 592
Purodāsa Rahan-dār
Purohit
Purohita
Puroni
Pursfs
P(trtta
Purush .
.

. 429
OubZ .
Otib2-ool-wusool .
0ulum .
Ouobooleut

Rāai . . .
.
_

.
- .
.
. .
. .

.
244
244
25l
581

432
। Rahandārf .
Rahan nāma
Rahantamassuk
Rahat .
Rahāt
Rahātāgar
. 592

. .
.
. .
432

432
432
432
Purusha . . . . 429 ftiāyā . . . . . . . . 433 Rahātgadgeg • - . 432
Purushānukrame . . 429 R6b . . 43l Rahātt . . 432
Purushdhan .
Purushkrame .
697
.
.
429
429 ॐ
Raba .
Rabadi।
. .
. .
43l
43l । Rahatwanf .
Rāhbar . .
. .
.
432
432
 RAJ
Page col. . line

Rāhbaran . . . . 432 Rājaput . Rakhw{tlā

Rāhditr . 432 Rajarekhā . . Rakhwitlf .
Rāhdarf. . . ' ं ं Rajarekhibighā Rakhwār .
Rahdārfchftf . Rājasabhā Rakshabhogam _ _

Rahdārtjakftt . Rajasāsanam Rakshana .

Rahdārf pullari . Rajaswa . Rakshas .
Rahdarry Rajat _
Rākshasa .
Rajbahā . . Rākshasbelā
Rājbansi . Rakt . .
: ं Rājbhāgam . Raktakodige
Rāhin Rājdanda . Raktākshf
Rahinnftma . Rājdhānf Raktamftnyam
Rahita Rājihiii . . . . " Raktwfin .
Rahitu . . . . Rājgur . . Rām . .
Rāhkharch - Rājguru . Rāma .
Rahn6 . Raji . Ramāa
Rāhnumā Rājf Rāmalfl6 .
Rahttn . Rajift . Ramatnandi .
Rahw6 . Rājik Ramanavamf . _ 436
Rahw6f . . . . . Rājikam . Ramāramf .
Rahwāi6. Rājfrajatwantine Ramasālf . 4 36
RāhZan Rajivānaru। Ramāsf . .
Rāh2ani . . . . . Rājiyavaru . Ramawat .
_

Rah2ani-b6-khttn Rajkar Rambitn . .

RāhZani-b6-Zakhm . Rajkumar . Rāmbatāf .
Rāf . . . . Rajm . Rāmdave
Raf Rajpoot . -
Rāmduhāf
Raia . . . . . Rajput . . . Ramdwa
Raibandf . . Rājwftr . Rāmiā
Raibandf . . . Rajwarā . Rāmjani
Rātgar Rajw{tro Ramjohnny . _ _

Rāfj . . Rākā . . . . Ramnft . .

Rātjulwakt . . Rakam Ramnfth . _

Rāfkat . _ Rakamf Ramoosee . .

Raikanktttt Rakamsiw6f Rāmosf
Rāf rāyān Rakamvitrf Rāmosf .
Rafs Rakānā . . Rāmp . . .
Raiswar • Rākar . . Rftmpi . .
Raitarapālu• • Rakat Ramprf .’
Raiyat . . . . Rakba Rām-rām
Raiyat _
Rakba . . Ram7an
Raiyat a2ar . Rakb6. . . . Rān .
Raiyati . Rakbabandi Rānā
Rāiyati RakbaZamin . Rānat
Raiyati-baithabftrt . Rākh . Rānd
Raiyatipattā Rākhā . . . Ramd6 .
Raiyatnama Rākhājangal Randa . . .
Raiyatparwar Rākhāl ___ Rāndā . .
Raiyatwar Rākhan . . . . Randāgolak .
_

Raiyatwarjamabandi . . 433 Rākhandār Rāndbāj .

Rakhanhār . Randbājf
Rākhani . Rāndchhandi
Raja . Rākhas . . Ramde . . .
Raja . 435 Rākhasfbel6।। . 436 Randemaga .
Raja . . . . Rākhatt . Rāndewft . .
Rajab . . . • . 436 Rakhf . . Randhaniyā
Rajabansi • • 433 R{tkhf . . Rāndgā .
Rājabhagam • • . . 433 Rftkhile . Randf . .
Rajabhent . . 433 Rakhipttrnimā . Ramdfb{tZ . .
Rajadhānf . 433 Rākhle RandibatZi .
Rajak • 436 Rākhnā . . ' ः ं, Randkā
Rajaka . 436 Rakhopa . . Rftndkā .
Rajakf . 433 Rakhopo Rāndmund . .
Rājakrānt • 433 Rākhrangolf . . . . 486 Rāmdritndelf .
Rajakrāntt . Rakht . 4:B6 Rāndwadft
Rājakumār . • 434 Rakht-O-matāta . . . 486 Rāndwalit .
Rajakumara ' .' ः ंi Rakhwal . 430 Itandyā '. : ं;
698
 RAN REK
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Rang . . 4:B8 Rass . . 439 1 26 R6wat . . . .

Rangāf . 438 Rassi . . . 440 Rawatib . . .
Rangar . ' ं ँ8 Rasta . . . 440 RawoZ6 .
Rangarf Rāstā . . . . . 440
Rangārf . ' ः ं; Rastabandf . . . . 440 Raya .
Rangf . . . Rāstf . . . . 592 Rāya . .
Rangmahal . . 438 Rāstij. . . 440 Rāyabāra
RangreZ . . 438 Rāstikanta . . 440 Rāyabaramu .
RangreZf . . . Rasttl . 440 Rāyabhāra .
Rāngrf . . 438 Rās-ul-māl . . 438 Rāyabhārike .
Rangwa . . . . 438 Rasttlnāmā . . 440 Rāyabhāti
. 438 Rasttl shāhf . . 440 Rāyadu
Rangwaf
Rānf .
-