SHS

Pre-Calculus
Quarter 1 – Week 1
Pre-Calculus
Grade 11 Quarter 1 – Week 1
First Edition, 2020

Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Emily O. Camat, MT II

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

ATTY. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Erlinda M. Dela Peña, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Mathematics
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
 Target

A conic section (conics) can be described as the intersection of a plane and

double – napped cone. The four conics are circle, ellipse, parabola and hyperbola.
But, in this learning material, you are going to learn the first type of conics and
that is the circle.

A circle is considered to be a special kind of ellipse. Circle was introduced to

you when you were in the Junior High School in your Geometry class. A circle is
clearly defined that it is a set of points equidistant from a fixed point called the
center.

This learning material will provide you with information and activities that
will help you understand about circles, its equations and graphs.

After going through this learning material, you are expected to:

1. Define a circle. (STEM_PC11AG – Ia - 2)

2. Determine the standard form of equation of a circle. (STEM_PC11AG – Ia
- 3)

Before going on, check how much you know about this topic. Answer the
pretest on the next page in a separate sheet of paper.

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 The Circles

Figure 1: Circle with center at (0,0) Figure 2: Circle with center at

(x,y) denoted by (h,k)

Figure 1 shows the graph of a circle if the center is at the origin (0,0).
Figure 2 shows the graph of a circle if the center is not at the origin or
C(x,y) denoted by (h,k).

Jumpstart

For you to understand the lesson well, do the following activities. Have fun
and good luck!

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Activity 1: Read Me! Understand Me!

The equation of the circle with center at C(h,k) and radius r is given by:
(x – h)2 + (y – k) 2 = r2

The equation of the circle with center is at the origin, h = k = 0 is given by:
x2 + y2 = r2

Directions: State the coordinates of the center and find the radius of the circle.

1. x 2 + y2 = 36 C = ___________ r = _________

2. (x – 2) 2 + (y – 5) 2 = 16 C = ___________ r = _________

3. (x – 3) 2 + (y + 1) 2 = 49 C = ___________ r = _________

4. (x + 3) 2 + (y + 4) 2 = 11 C = ___________ r = _________

5. x 2 + y2 = 121 C = ___________ r = _________

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.

Discover

The standard form of an equation is written in the form

(x – h)2 + (y – k) 2 = r2 or center – radius form.
Let us study the following examples:
1. Find the center and the radius of the circle 9(x + 3)2 + 9y2 = 1

Solution:
Convert the coefficients of x2 and y2 to 1.
9(x + 3) 2+ 9y2 =1
2 2
(x + 3) +y =
Write the equation in the form (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
[(x – (-3)]2 + (y – 0)2 = ( )2
Thus, center = (-3,0), and radius =
A (2,1)
2. In the figure at the right, a circle with center C (5, -2)
passes through the point A(2,1).
a. Find the equation of the circle.
b. Determine whether the point B (4,2) lies inside, outside, +
or on the circle. C (5,-2)

Solution:
a. Length of radius of the circle = CA
=
=
The equation of the circle is
(x – 5)2 + [ y – (-2)]2 = ( )2
(x – 5)2 + (y + 2)2 = 18
b. CB = h
= <
That is, CB < radius
Thus, the point B (4,2) lies inside the circle

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 The general form of an equation of the circle is in the form of Ax2 + By2 + Cx
+ Dy + E = 0, A 0, or x2 + y2 + Cx + Dy + E = 0 . This is obtained thru expanding
the standard equation of a circle.

Illustration:
Standard Equation: (x - )2 + (y – 3)2 = h
2 2
is written as: x + y – 3x – 6y + 4 = 0

Where: A = 1 B=1 C = -3 D = -6 E=4

From, the general form of an equation, we can determine the standard form
by completing the square in both variables.

General form x2 + y2 – 3x – 6y + 4 = 0
By means of completing the square:
To get the third term, divide the coefficient of the second term by two and
then square the third term. Add the square of the third term to the right side of the
equation.

x2 – 3x + ( )2 + y2– 6y + ( )2 = -4+ ( )2 + ( )2

Square the third term of the equation:

x2 – 3x + h
+ y2– 6y + h
= -4 + h h

Square of a binomial:
2 2
x– + y– =
h
Simplify:
2
x– + y–3 2 = h
standard form

Therefore, we can say that it is always possible to write the equation of a circle in
general form to standard form or vice versa.

Explore

Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to master and
strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson.

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Enrichment Activity 1: Graph Me, Now!

What you need:

Pencil / pen
Graphing paper
Ruler
Compass
What you have to do:
Given the radius/diameter and center, graph the following in your graphing paper.
1. Center (0,0) ; radius = 7 units
2. Center (0,0) ; diameter = 10 units
3. Center (5, -1) ; radius = 3 units
4. Center (0,4) ; radius = 5 units
5. Center (3,-1) ; radius = 7 units

Assessment 1
Directions: Use separate sheet of paper for your answers. Find the equation
of each of the following circles with the given center C and radius r.

1. C (0,0), r = 2 __________________________________________

2. C (-4,0), r = 6 __________________________________________

3. C (5, -1) and radius 3 units __________________________________________

4. C (0,4) and radius 5 units __________________________________________

5. C (5,3) and radius 2 units __________________________________________

Enrichment Activity 2: Circles in You!

1. Study the figure below showing circles in the graph.

2. Take note the coordinates of the points and then answer assessment
number 2.

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 B

Figure 3
Assessment 2

Directions: Answer what is asked in each item.

1. What is the standard equation in circle A?

2. What is the standard equation in circle B?
3. Find the radius of circle A.
4. Find the radius of circle B.
5. What is the center of circle B?

Enrichment Activity 3: Complete Me!

What you need
Ruler
Pencil/pen
Graphing Paper
Compass
Software for graphing if available (graphmatica, graphing calculator)
What you have to do
1. Get a ruler and pen and draw the table below in your graphing paper.
2. Complete the table

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 Table 1: All about circles
Equation Center Radius Graph
x2 + y2 = 49

(0,0)

x2 + y2 - 12x - 10y = -12

Assessment 3:
Direction: Find the standard equation of the following circles.
1.

2.

8
3.

4.

9
5.

Great job! You have understood the lesson. Are

you now ready to summarize?

Deepen

This time, you are now ready to do the task. Go out of your house and see
the beauty of the world – our environment. A scoring rubric on the next page will be
used for your score in your output.

What you need

Cellphone with camera / camera
Ballpen/pencil
Bond paper
Coloring material

What you have to do

Look around you. Can you see circular objects? If so, you are going to
capture 5 best objects that represent circles. Let’s go, let’s have a trip.
From your captured pictures, select one best picture and tell something
about the photo. It can be in a form of a poem, hugot line, song or slogan that
relates to circles. You are going to draw the photo that you have captured.

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 Rubrics

Criteria 1 Point 0 point

Followed directions
Used creativity: did not
copy (text)
Used time wisely:
finished project
Used art materials
correctly
Displayed neat, tidy
work and good
craftsmanship

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 Gauge

Directions: Read carefully each item. Use separate sheet for your answers.
Write only the letter of the best answer for each test item.
1. Which among the following is a special kind of ellipse?
A. Circle
B. Ellipse
C. Hyperbola
D. Parabola
2. Find the center and radius of the circle with an equation (x – 2)2 + (y + 9)2 = 1.
A. (-2, 9); 1 B. (2, -9); 1 C. (-2, -9); 11D. (2, 9); 11
3. Find the equation of the circle graphed.
A. x2 + y2 = 4
B. y2 = x2 - 16
C. x2 + y2 = 16
D. x2 + y2 = 1

4. What is the graph of the equation x2 – 10x + y2 = - 4

A. C.

B. D.

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5. In what quadrant can you locate the center of the equation (x -5)2 + (y – 3)2 = 17?
A. Q I B. Q II C. Q III D. Q IV

6. Find the equation of the circle with center (3, -2) a touching the x – axis?
A. (x + 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 4
B. (x – 3)2 + (y - 2)2 = 4
C. (x – 3)2 + (y - 2)2 = 4
D. (x – 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 4

7. Use completing the square to find the center and radius of the circle of the
equation x2 + y2 + 6x – 2y – 3 = 0
A. (-3, -1) ; 13 B. (-3, -1) ; -13 C. (-3, 1) ; D. (-3, -1) ;

8. What is the center and radius of the circle in the equation x2 + y2 – 8x = 0?

A. (0,4) ; 4 B. (4,0) ; 4 C. (0,4) ; -4 D. (4,0) ; -4

9. In what quadrant can you locate the center of the equation 2x2 + 2y2 + 8x + 4y –
3 = 0?
A. Q I B. Q II C. Q III D. Q IV

10. What does the equation of the circle, x2 + y2 – 4x + 2y – 20 = 0 describes?

A. A circle of radius 5 centered at the origin
B. A circle centered at (2,1)
C. A circle centered at the origin
D. A circle of radius 5 centered at (2,-1)

Great job! You are almost done with this module.

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References

Printed Materials:

Department of Education, Unit 1: Definition and Equation of a Circle, Pre –

Calculus Learner’s
Material (pp. 8 – 12). Pasig City, Philippines

Department of Education, Unit 1: Definition and Equation of a Circle, Pre –

Calculus Teacher’s
Guide (pp. 9 – 19). Pasig City, Philippines

Chua, Simon L. et al. (2016). Soaring 21st Century Mathematics, Pre – Calculus
Grade 11. Quezon
City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Website:

Circle: Retrieved: July 23, 2020 from

https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/circle.html

Basic Information about Circles: Retrieved: July 23, 2020 from

https://www.mathplanet.com/education/geometry/circles/basic-
information-about-circles

Definitions Related to Circles: Retrieved: July 24, 2020 from

http://www.math.com/tables/geometry/circles.htmInt

Worksheets in Conics: Retrieved: July 25, 2020 from

file:///C:/Users/HP/Documents/Conic%20Sections%20Practice%20Test.pdf

The Geometry of a Circle: Retrieved: July 25, 2020 from

file:///C:/Users/HP/Documents/circles.pdf

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