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Complex Care For Nursing Questions and Answers
Complex Care For Nursing Questions and Answers
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History of presenting complaint: The patient was admitted via A&E following multiple
lacerations sustained in a knife attack
Past medical history: Known to have reoccurring anxiety disorders. These are thought to
be attributed to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder following the death of his younger
brother. Weight = 85kg. Type 1 diabetic.
Social history: Has a stable girlfriend and has daughter of 2 years. He is a known gang
member. Unemployed. He is of South Asian British Heritage.
Question 1
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On admission Danny was suffering from perfuse bleeding from his spleen, based on the
NCEPOD (2004) guidance on classifying the urgency of surgical procedures, how might
Danny’s need for theater be classified? (1 mark)
Select one:
a. Immediate
b. Urgent
c. Expediated
d. Elective
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Your answer is correct.
The classification of surgery is as follows,
IMMEDIATE – Immediate life, limb or organ-saving intervention – resuscitation simultaneous with
intervention. Normally within minutes of decision to operate. Life-saving or limb or organ saving
URGENT – Intervention for acute onset or clinical deterioration of potentially life-threatening
conditions, for those conditions that may threaten the survival of limb or organ, for fixation of
many fractures and for relief of pain or other distressing symptoms. Normally within hours of
decision to operate.
EXPEDITED – Patient requiring early treatment where the condition is not an immediate threat to
life, limb or organ survival. Normally within days of decision to operate.
b. Needs to be fasted for 6hours for light meals and 2hours for clear fluid
c. Needs to be fasted from midnight (all meals and fluids)
d. Surgery can be performed without fasting by undertaking rapid sequence induction (pressing on
cricoid cartilage during intubation).
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Your answer is incorrect.
The European Society of Anaesthesiology (2011) guidelines consider patients should be
encouraged to drink clear fluids (including water, and tea or coffee without milk and any
carbohydrate loading drink) up to 2 h before surgery and Solid food should be prohibited for 6 h
before surgery.
Our exception for this are for adults who are having immediate theater and under-going life-
saving interventions where a rapid sequence induction can be preformed to prevent the need for
fasting. In Danny's case, due to the life-saving operation required this is likely to be the guideline
he would follow.
The correct answer is: Surgery can be performed without fasting by undertaking rapid sequence
induction (pressing on cricoid cartilage during intubation).
Question 3
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Danny is a known type 1 diabetic patient on insulin, when he is prepared for
theater, based on the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
(2015), what orders would the nurse expect? (1 mark)
Select one:
a. Commence patient on metformin prior to going to theatre
b. Commence patient on variable rate insulin infusion
c. Give insulin as usually prescribed
As Danny is both a type 1 diabetic patient and is requiring emergency surgery we would expect
him to be on a variable rate insulin infusion (sliding scale).
The correct answer is: Commence patient on variable rate insulin infusion
Question 4
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Danny has had a temporary ileostomy formed. Where is the most likely location of the
stoma aperture? (1 mark)
Select one:
a. Epigastric region
b. Umbilical region
c. Left lumbar region
Question 8
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Danny has been prescribed morphine PCA, which of the following are typical side effects
of opioids administered by patient controlled analgesia? (1 mark)
Select one:
a. Hypoventilation, euphoria and ileus
b. Nausea, Diarrhoea and bradycardia
c. Sedition, pruritus and constipation
Note: parts of other answers are also correct. However, all three need to be typical side-
effects for the answer to be correct.
d. Vomiting, dizziness and depression
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Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: Sedition, pruritus and constipation
Question 9
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Danny is known to have previous recreational drug use, what impact may being opioid
tolerant have on Danny’s morphine PCA? (1 mark)
Select one:
a. He is not at risk of an opioid overdose
Question 10
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Marked out of 5.00
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Outline areas that are outside of your expectations of “normal” for Danny within the
framework of your initial systematic assessment (5 marks)? (5 marks)
heart rate 98
nausea
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Marking here is based on you presenting your results as your Initial Systematic Assessment
(ABCDE assessment).
•Airway – Recognised A within initial assessment structure AND has recognised nausea as
indications of potential problem (risk) OR sore throat as indications of potential problem
(risk) OR has stated airway is currently patent (Note: you may say nausea as indications of
potential problem (risk) OR sore throat as indications of potential problem (risk) and these would
also be correct. (1 mark).
•Breathing – Recognised B within initial assessment structure AND has recognised maintaining
target saturations but requires oxygen to do this (Scores 2 on NEWS) (1 mark).
•Circulation - Recognised C within initial assessment structure AND has recognised that urine
output is low (outside range of 42.5-85mL/hr expected for Danny), and pulse is elevated from
baseline and weak (1 mark).
•Disability - Recognised D within initial assessment structure AND has recognised that he is
complaining of unmanaged post-operative pain (1 mark)
•Exposure - Recognised E within initial assessment structure AND has recognised that redness
on bridge of nose is indication of pressure damage (1 mark).
If you do not structure your answer in ABCDE assessment format, the maximum marks here you
can get is TWO (recognising all areas of concern from assessment) or ONE (rcognising most
areas of concern from assessment).
Question 11
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Danny requires oxygen to maintain his target saturation's, which of the following may the
nurse observe as a consequence of this? (1 mark)
Select one:
Question 12
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Based on your understanding of blood results, what is the most likely interpretation of
these results? (1 mark)
Select one:
a. Danny has an infection
Question 14
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From the information provided in the case study and your own knowledge present your
prioritisation of care for Danny. Clearly state the top two care needs you have identified
and critically discuss your rationale for their choice. (10 marks)
Nausea
HB transfusion
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Danny is acutely unwell and at risk of deterioration. Therefore, the safest way to prioritise care
here is based on his ABCDE assessment.
Question 15
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Write a patient centred goal for your first prioritised care need. (5 marks)
SMART
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Remember to based your answer using SMART. Ensure it is Specific, Measurable, Achievable,
Relevant and Timely.
Example.
If you were concerned about Danny's Low Circulating Volume an appropriate SMART goal will
be,
Danny will drink (S) 100mL of squash every hour (M & A) to assist managing his fluid volume
depletion (R) which will be reviewed every four hours (T)
If you were concerned about Danny's Pain an appropriate SMART goal will be,
Danny’s pain score (S) will improve to a tolerable level for him of 4(/10) (M & R) over the next 2
hours (T) by increasing analgesia prescribed and administered (A).
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PART 2 - Sally Kowalski is a 72 year old female currently being cared for in
the community
Presenting complaint: The skin integratory around her donor site has started to break
down, there is erythema around the broken down areas of the donor site. A wound swab
indicates Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). She is complaining of
moderate pain at the wound site.
History of presenting complaint: 7 weeks ago Sally sustained a 6% Total Body Surface
Area (TBSA) deep dermal partial thickness burn wound after losing consciousness and
falling into her gas fire at home. A split skin graft was performed and has healed well.
Her fall was associated with hypoglycaemia. In the post-operative period Sally had a
pulmonary embolism which delayed her recovery and prolonged her time in hospital.
She is now taking warfarin to prevent further blood clots.
Past medical history: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Pulmonary Embolism.
Social history: Widow.
Question 16
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After the operation Sally’s recovery was delayed by a pulmonary embolism, what clinical
presentation may you expect in someone who has a pulmonary embolism? (1 mark)
Select one:
a. Cough and viscous, purulent sputum green in colour
b. Dyspnea and reduced chest expansion on affected side
c. Tachypnea and Frothy sputum pink in colour
Select one:
Note: parts of other answers are also correct. However, both parts need to be strategies to
reduce the risk of DVT for the answer to be correct.
b. Give unfractionated heparin and encourage adequate hydration
c. Provide anti-embolism stockings and promote longer fasting times
d. Provide leg exercises and encourage patient to sit in Fowlers position
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Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: Give low molecular weight heparin and encourage early mobilisation
Question 18
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It appears that Sally’s wound may be infected, how might you recognise an infected
wound? (1 mark)
Select one:
a. Cellulitis and malodour
b. Clear exudate and necrotic tissue
c. Granulating wound and oedema
c. Elevated Leucocytes
d. Elevated Potassium
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Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: Elevated Leucocytes
Question 20
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What signs, available in the community, may indicate that a wound infection has become
sepsis? (1 mark)
Select one:
b. Ensure that patients stop taking their antibiotics as soon as they feel better
c. Highlight prescriptions that do not comply with local policy with the prescriber and/or pharmacist
d. Maintain optimal infection prevention and control practice.
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Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: Ensure that patients stop taking their antibiotics as soon as they feel
better
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Current medications: Metformin (500mg BD). Warfarin 3mg/day. Her last INR was 2.5
(target INR 2-3). Dose has remained stable since discharge from hospital.
Question 22
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Sally is taking warfarin, what are the potential side effects of taking warfarin? (1 mark)
Select one:
a. Increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Select one:
a. Mrs Joan Abrahams (New patient with lower leg wound)
b. Mrs Sally Kowalski (Breakdown of donor site)
c. Mr Adam Smithsonian (patient on once/day insulin)
d. Mrs Mary Thompson (Palliative care patient with fungating wound and morphine syringe
driver insitu)
Feedback
Your answer is incorrect.
You have 4 patients you can chose from here.
Remember to prioritize which patient you are going to see,
(1) Based on ABCDE assessment
For these patients,
Mrs Joan Abrahams (New patient with lower leg wound) = E
Mrs Sally Kowalski (Breakdown of donor site) = E
Mrs Mary Thompson (Palliative care patient with fungating wound and morphine syringe
driver insitu) = D & E
(2) If this is still unclear, consider whether there is anything that is time sensitive here.
In this case, it would be better to see the patient on once-per-day insulin at the same time as the
previous day.
The correct answer is: Mr Adam Smithsonian (patient on once/day insulin)
Question 25
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When you arrive at Sally's house, she complains of pain at her donor site, which of the
following may the nurse observe as a consequence of this?
Select one:
a. Bradycardia and decreasing depth of breathing
Question 26
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Marked out of 1.00
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Outline areas that are outside of your expectations of “normal” for Sally within the
framework of your initial systematic assessment (5 marks)
HEArt rate
poor oral intake
lack of mobilisation/ anxiety
skin not intact
infection
Feedback
Remember this should be structured in the form of your Initial Systematic Assessment (ABCDE)
to get the full 5 marks,
•Airway – Recognised A within initial assessment structure AND has recognised that this is
normal (1 mark).
•Breathing – Recognised B within initial assessment structure AND has recognised respiratory
rate is elevated (1 mark).
•Circulation - Recognised C within initial assessment structure AND has recognised heart rate is
elevated / temperature is borderline high* (1 mark).
•Disability - Recognised D within initial assessment structure AND has recognised that her blood
sugar is borderline low (1 mark)
•Exposure - Recognised E within initial assessment structure AND has recognised that non-
blanching redness on sacrum is category 1 pressure ulcer OR Wound breakdown and Meticillin-
Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in donor site, / temperature is borderline high * (1
mark).
•
(Note: abnormal temperature sometimes considered under C or E, depending on where you
read. Therefore, can get mark for including this in either C or E)
If you have not structured in ABCDE format, the maximum marks you can get here is TWO.
Question 27
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You are concerned that Sally is not eating a balanced diet, what foods would you
encourage to promote wound healing?
Select one:
a. Foods containing vitamin B such as fish and fatty foods such as chips
b. Fibre rich foods such as brown rice and foods containing glucosamine such as shellfish
c. Protein dense foods such as nuts and foods containing vitamin C such as citrus fruits.
d. Zinc dense foods such as Leafy vegetables and foods containing lots of sugar such as fizzy drinks
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Your answer is correct.
The correct answer is: Protein dense foods such as nuts and foods containing vitamin C such as
citrus fruits.
Question 28
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Marked out of 1.00
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One of the areas you’re concerned about for Sally is her reduced mobility following her
recent fall. Write a Nursing diagnosis relevant to this care need. (2 marks)
lack of mobilisation cause skin problems and poor healing refer to physio
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Remember the structure how to write a nursing diagnosis.
Patient is experiencing disturbed body image (given within the question) related to/caused
by .....as evidenced by....
Question 29
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Marked out of 10.00
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From the information provided in the case study and your own knowledge present your
prioritisation of care for Sally. Clearly state the top two care needs you have identified
and critically discuss your rationale for their choice. (10 marks)
infection
skin
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As Sally is at risk of deteriorating and our aim to maintain function and health, structure your
answer based on ABCDE.
Question 30
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Marked out of 1.00
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Write a patient centered goal for your first prioritised care need. (5 marks)
physio input
antibiotics review in 72 hr aim to complete
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Remember to based your answer using SMART. Ensure it is Specific, Measurable, Achievable,
Relevant and Timely.