EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE WEEK 1 – MIDTERM

The Origin and Structure of the Solar System

OBJECTIVES:
• To state the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the universe
• To describe the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the solar system
• To explain the current advancements/discoveries on the solar system
• To recognize the uniqueness of the earth, being the only planet in the solar system
with properties necessary to support life.

LESSSON 1.1
UNIVERSE AND SOLAR SYSTEM

Universe is an all space-time, matter and energy including the solar system, all stars and
galaxies and content of intergalactic space, regarded as a whole. There are three various theories
explaining the origin of the universe;

1. Steady State Theory- It states that the counting of the galaxies in our Universe is constant
and new galaxies which are forming continuously are filling the empty spaces
which are created by those heavenly bodies which have crossed the boundary lines of
observable Universe. This theory proposes that the overall structure of the universe is
always the same at any point in time and space. This structure is maintained even when certain
events, such as birth of new stars, occur. Itis balanced by the death of old stars.

2. Pulsating Theory - In this theory it is assumed that there is continuous expansion and
contraction in universe. It proposes that the universe will keep expanding more and more then
slowly it stops. Then it will start to contract due to gravitation. This contraction will continue
until the universe become more compact and will later explode and expand again.

3. Big Bang Theory - It proposes that the entire universe was once condensed in a very
small and compact particle called primeval nucleus. It is estimated that about 20 billion years
ago, primeval nucleus suddenly exploded in a big bang. The force of this explosion caused
matter to scatter in any direction forming a universe.

Solar System - Just a part of the vast universe is our solar system. It is located somewhere in
Milky Way Galaxy. It consists of the sun being at the center, minor and major planets and

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EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE WEEK 1 – MIDTERM

other celestial bodies like satellites, comets, asteroids and meteoroids.

ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM - There are major theories that explain the origin of the
solar system.

1. Nebular Hypothesis Theory - According to this theory the sun and other celestial
bodies orbiting around it where formed from a nebula- a spinning cloud of gases. These clouds
are gravitationally unstable, and matter coalesces within them to smaller denser clumps, which
then rotate, collapse, and form stars.

2. Accretion Theory – Accretion is the gradual increase in the size of an object by the buildup
of matter due to gravity. The accretion theory says that a protosun passing through a cloud
of interstellar materials pulled this material along causing it to swirl around the
protosun. As the protosun evolved into the sun, the material it accreted gradually formed the
planets and other revolving bodies.

3. Tidal Theory - According to this theory, the time when the sun about to form
(protosun), a large body passing around it may have drawn some gaseous materials
from it. The mass of gaseous materials drawn did not completely escape
gravitational pull of the protosun. It continued to spin around it, eventually becoming denser
and gradually formed into planetesimals. These planetesimals give rise to the planets and
their satellites.

Space exploration
- by means of manned and unmanned spacecrafts give us information about
the solar system and beyond. Achieving spaceflight enabled humans to begin to
explore the solar system and the rest of the universe, to understand the many objects
and phenomena that are better observed from a space perspective, and to use for
human benefit the resources and attributes of the space environment.

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EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE WEEK 1 – MIDTERM
ACTIVITY 1
Name: _____________________________________________ Date: __________________
Grade and Strand: __________________________________ Score: __________________

I. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. What are the major theories pertaining to the nature of expanding theory? Explain each.
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2. Why do some scientists believe that the universe is expanding?

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3. What are the major theories about the origin of the solar system? Explain each
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4. How is space exploration benefits mankind?

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II. DIRECTIONS
On a piece of paper make a research on the current information about space exploration
includes the references.

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EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE WEEK 1 – MIDTERM

Lesson 1.2: EARTH AND EARTH SYSTEM

EARTH
- the only planet in the solar system capable of supporting life. Complex and brilliant
combination of gases, composition and structure of earth are some of the reasons why
it can sustain life.

EARTH SUBSYSTEM

- Earth is a very complex place.

- The earth consists of four distinct yet connected spheres.
- All of the processes on Earth are driven by four “spheres”, which we describe
individually, but are really all connected.

GEOSPHERE

- The Geosphere describes all of the rocks, minerals and ground that are found on and
in Earth this includes all of the mountains on the surface, as well as all of the liquid
rock in the mantle below us and the minerals and metals of the outer and inner cores.
- The continents, the ocean floor, all of the rocks on the surface, and all of the sand in
the deserts are all considered part of the geosphere basically, if it looks like solid
ground, it's part of the 'ground' sphere.

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EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE WEEK 1 – MIDTERM

HYDROSPHERE

- Planet Earth has been called the "Blue Planet" due to the abundant water on its
surface over 70 percent of the surface area of the earth is covered by water.
- All the earth’s water, solid or in liquid form, those that are contained in glaciers,
rocks, soil and the air, comprise the earth’s hydrosphere.

ATMOSPHERE

- A very huge envelope of air that surrounds the earth and pulled by the gravitational
force of the earth is called atmosphere.
- The earth’s atmosphere is primarily composed of 78 percent nitrogen and 21 percent
of oxygen other gases like argon, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, hydrogen,
helium and other inert gases make up the remaining 1 percent.

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EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE WEEK 1 – MIDTERM

BIOSPHERE

- The biosphere is also known as “ecosphere” is the worldwide of all ecosystem. It can
be also termed as the zone of life on Earth.

- The biosphere is where all forms of life exist, since life exist in the air, in water and on
the ground, its boundaries overlap other “sphere” because life can be found
everywhere on earth.

- The biosphere is sometimes thought of as one large ecosystem a complex community

of living and nonliving things functioning as a single unit.

Components of Biosphere

1. Lithosphere - The lithosphere is the terrestrial component of the biosphere. It consists of

strong ground blocks like continents.
2. Hydrosphere - The hydrosphere is the biosphere's aquatic component.
3. Atmosphere - The atmosphere is the adjacent gaseous envelope of a planet.

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EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE WEEK 1 – MIDTERM

ACTIVITY 2
Name: _____________________________________________ Date: __________________
Grade and Strand: __________________________________ Score: __________________

I. DIRECTIONS:
1. Make a concept map and use it to explain how the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere
and biosphere are interconnected.

II. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. What did you learned in making your concept map?

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2. How the different subsystem of the Earth is interconnected to each other based on your
concept map? Cite samples or situation.
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III. FINAL ACTIVITY (1st PERFORMACE TASK)

Instructions: Each group must create a skit related to earth subsystem and how you are going to
take good care each of the subsystems. (Your Groupmates will post at LMS or Group Chat through Messenger)

REFERENCES: FROM NET earth-and-life-science-module_compress.pdf

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