Jatin Katiyar Signals and Systems Lab

SIGNAL AND SYSTEMS LAB
NO 6-7
JATIN KATIYAR
19A017
JATIN KATIYAR 191A017
[191𝐴017]
CODE
% Program for signal synthesis using TFS

clc;
clear all;
T=2*pi; %Time period of the waveform
N=100; %Number of harmonics
t=0:0.01:3*T; %Plotting range of signal
a0=pi/2; %Average value of signal
w0=1;
191A017
d_sin=[];d_cos=[];
for n=1:2:N %For EFS range is –N to N with suitable
interval
an=-4/(n^2*pi); %Cosine coefficients
bn=0; %Sine coefficients
a_cos = an*cos(n*w0*t); %Cosine components
b_sin = bn*sin(n*w0*t); %Sine components
d_cos = [d_cos;a_cos];
d_sin = [d_sin;b_sin];
end
x=a0+sum(d_cos)+sum(d_sin); %Fourier series for signal x(t)
subplot(333)
plot(t,d_cos) %Plot for cosine components
xlabel('time t --->')
ylabel('Amplitude --->')
title('Cosine components of waveforms')
subplot(336)
plot(t,d_sin) %Plot for sine components
title('Sine components of waveforms')
subplot(339)
plot(t,x) %Plot for waveform
title('Synthesized waveform using Fourier series');
ANS
GRAPH
[191𝐴017]
191A017
CODE

clc;
clear all;
T=2*pi; %Time period of the waveform
a0=(1-exp(-2*pi))/2*pi; %Average value of signal
191A017
w0=1;
d_sin=[];d_cos=[];
interval
an=(1-exp(-2*pi))/((n^2+1)*pi); %Cosine coefficients
bn=((1-exp(-2*pi))*n)/((n^2+1)*pi); %Sine coefficients
[191𝐴017]
end
subplot(333)
subplot(336)
subplot(339)
ANS
GRAPH
[191𝐴017]
191A017
CODE

clc;
clear all;
T=8; %Time period of the waveform
a0=16/3;; %Average value of signal
w0=2*pi/4;
d_sin=[];d_cos=[];
interval
191A017
an=(64*power(-1,n))/(( pi^2)*(n^2)); %Cosine coefficients

bn=0; %Sine coefficients
end
subplot(333)
subplot(336)
subplot(339)
ANS
GRAPH
[191𝐴017]
191A017
[191𝐴017]
CODE

clc;
clear all;
T=4; %Time period of the waveform
191A017

a0=0; %Average value of signal
w0=pi/2;
d_sin=[];d_cos=[];
interval
an=-
sin((n*pi)/6).*sin((n*pi)/2).*sin((n*pi)/3).*(8/(n*pi));
%Cosine coefficients
bn=-
sin((n*pi)/6).*sin((n*pi)/2).*cos((n*pi)/3).*(8/(n*pi));
%Sine coefficients
end
subplot(333)
subplot(336)
subplot(339)
ANS
191A017
GRAPH
[191𝐴017]
191A017
CODE
clc;
clear all;
N=100;
T=10;
t=0:0.001:3*T;
w0=(2*pi)/T;
d_exp=[];
for n=-N:1:N
cn=1/((n+eps)*pi)*(sin(n*pi/5)*exp((-j*n*pi)/5));
c_exp=cn*exp(j*w0*n*t);
d_exp=[d_exp;c_exp];
end
c0=1/5;
x=c0+sum(d_exp);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(t,d_exp);
xlabel('time t---->');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('component of wave');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(t,x);
xlabel('time t---->');
title('component of x');
[191𝐴017]
ANS
GRAPH
191A017
[191𝐴017]
191A017
[191𝐴017]
CODE
syms t s;
h=exp(-2*t)+2*t*exp(-t)-exp(-t);
x1=laplace(h,t,s)
y=simplify(x1)
ANS
nuntitled2
x1 =
2/(s + 1)^2 - 1/(s + 1) + 1/(s + 2)
191A017
y =
(s + 3)/((s + 1)^2*(s + 2))
N=[1,3];
D=[1,4,5,2];
roots(N)
[191𝐴017]
ans =
-3
roots(D)
ans =
-2.0000 + 0.0000i
-1.0000 + 0.0000i
-1.0000 - 0.0000i
pzmap(roots(D),roots(N))
stable
GRAPH
191A017
CODE
syms t s
x=((s+3)/s^3+5*s^2+12*s+8);
ilaplace(x)
simplify(x)
N=[1,3]; %Numerator coefficients
D=[1,5,12,8]; %denominator coefficients
[r, p, k]=residue(N, D)
factor(s^3+5*s^2+12*s+8)
ANS
nuntitled2
ans =
t + 8*dirac(t) + (3*t^2)/2 + 12*dirac(1, t) + 5*dirac(2, t)
ans =
12*s + (s + 3)/s^3 + 5*s^2 + 8
r =
-0.2000 - 0.1500i
-0.2000 + 0.1500i
0.4000 + 0.0000i
p =
-2.0000 + 2.0000i
-2.0000 - 2.0000i
-1.0000 + 0.0000i
k =
[]
ans =
[s + 1, s^2 + 4*s + 8]
191A017
CODE
yms t s
x=((s^3+8*s^2+24*s+32)/(s^2+6*s+8));
ilaplace(x)
[191𝐴017]
simplify(x)
N=[1,3]; %Numerator coefficients
D=[1,5,12,8]; %denominator coefficients
[r, p, k]=residue(N, D)
factor((s^2+6*s+8))
roots(N)
roots(D)
% Pole-zero diagram/map
pzmap(roots(D),roots(N))
ANS
nuntitled2
ans =
4*exp(-2*t) + 2*dirac(t) + dirac(1, t)
ans =
(s^2 + 4*s + 8)/(s + 2)
r =
-0.2000 - 0.1500i
-0.2000 + 0.1500i
0.4000 + 0.0000i
p =
-2.0000 + 2.0000i
-2.0000 - 2.0000i
-1.0000 + 0.0000i
k =
191A017
[]
ans =
[s + 4, s + 2]
ans =
-3
ans =
-2.0000 + 2.0000i
-2.0000 - 2.0000i
-1.0000 + 0.0000i
GRAPH
191A017
CODE
% Fourier transform
syms t w
tau = 1;
trig =triangularPulse(t) % generation of tri(t/2tau)
trig_FT = fourier(trig) % Fourier Transform rect(t/tau)
t_v= (-3:0.01:3);
trig_t = subs(trig, t, t_v+eps);
% subs( ) to get the numericaltrig(t/2tau)
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(t_v, trig_t); % plot of rectangular pulse
axis([-3 3 -0.1 1.1]);
xlabel('t sec');ylabel('x(t)');
title('triangular Pulse of width 2')
w_v = (-20:0.01:20);
trig_w = subs(trig_FT, w, w_v+eps);
%subs()to get the numerical value of FT
subplot(2, 1, 2);
plot(w_v, abs(trig_w), w_v, angle(trig_w) );%magnitude and phase spectrum
legend('Magnitude spectrum','Phase spectrum')
xlabel('\omega (rad/s)');ylabel('X(\omega)')
title('Sinc Pulse of width 2\pi')
ANS
jatinkatiyaruntitled2
trig_FT =
-(exp(-w*1i)*(exp(w*1i) - 1)^2)/w^2
GRAPH
[191𝐴017]
191A017
USING HEAVISIDE FUNCTION (JATIN KATIYAR 191A017)

% Fourier transform
syms t w
tau = 1;
trig =(t+tau).*heaviside(t+tau)-2*(t).*heaviside(t)+(t-tau).*heaviside(t-tau); %
generation of tri(t/2tau)
trig_FT = fourier(trig) % Fourier Transform rect(t/tau)
t_v= (-3:0.01:3);
trig_t = subs(trig, t, t_v+eps);
% subs( ) to get the numericaltrig(t/2tau)
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(t_v, trig_t); % plot of rectangular pulse
axis([-3 3 -0.1 1.1]);
xlabel('t sec');ylabel('x(t)');
title('triangular Pulse of width 2')
w_v = (-20:0.01:20);
trig_w = subs(trig_FT, w, w_v+eps);
%subs()to get the numerical value of FT
subplot(2, 1, 2);
plot(w_v, abs(trig_w), w_v, angle(trig_w) );%magnitude and phase spectrum
legend('Magnitude spectrum','Phase spectrum')
xlabel('\omega (rad/s)');ylabel('X(\omega)')
title('Sinc Pulse of width 2\pi')
ANS
jatinkatiyaruntitled2
191A017
trig_FT =
2/w^2 + exp(-w*1i)*(pi*dirac(1, w) + 1i/w^2)*1i + exp(w*1i)*(pi*dirac(1, w) + 1i/w^2)*1i - pi*dirac(1, w)*2i
GRAPH
191A017
CODE
[191𝐴017]
syms t w
191A017
x= t*exp(-t^2);
r=5*sinc((5*t)/pi)+10*sinc((10*t)/pi);
X=fourier(x,w)
R=fourier(r,w)
Y=ifourier(X,t)
S=ifourier(R,t)
subplot(2,2,1);
ezplot(X,w);
subplot(2,2,2);
ezplot(Y,t);
subplot(2,2,3);
ezplot(R,w);
Y=ifourier(X,t)
subplot(2,2,4);
ezplot(S,t);
ANS
GRAPH
191A017
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
Lab -03
191A017
jatin katiyar
191A017 JATIN KATIYAR
[191𝐴017]
close all;
n=-10:10;
x1=impseq(0,-10,10)+2*impseq(2,-10,10)+3*impseq(-3,-10,10);
x2=impseq(0,-10,10)+2*impseq(2,-10,10)-6*impseq(-2,-
10,10)+8*impseq(7,-10,10)-5*impseq(-5,-10,10);
subplot(2,2,1);
stem(n,x1);grid on;
xlabel('discrete n');
xlabel('discrete signal');
title('exercise 1(a)');
subplot(2,2,2);
stem(n,x2);grid on;
title('exercise 1(b)');
191A017

[191𝐴017]
n=-12:12;
x1=stepseq(5,-12,12)-stepseq(11,-12,12)+2*stepseq(-8,-
12,12)-2*stepseq(2,-12,12);
x2=n.^2.*(stepseq(-5,-12,12)-2*stepseq(6,-
12,12))+10*stepseq(0,-12,12)+20*(0.5).^n.*(stepseq(4,-
12,12)-stepseq(10,-12,12));
subplot(2,2,1);
stem(n,x1);grid on;

[191𝐴017]
xlabel('discrete signal'); 191A017

title('exercise 1(a)');
subplot(2,2,2);
stem(n,x2);grid on;

n=-12:12;
x1=-impseq(-1,-12,12)-2*impseq(-2,-12,12)-3*impseq(-3,-
12,12)-4*impseq(-4,-12,12)-5*impseq(-5,-12,12)+impseq(1,-
12,12)+2*impseq(2,-12,12)+3*impseq(3,-12,12)+4*impseq(4,-
12,12)+5*impseq(5,-12,12);
subplot(2,2,1);
stem(n,x1);grid on; 191A017
title('exercise 3)');
% subplot(2,2,2);
% stem(n,x2);grid on;
% xlabel('discrete n');
% xlabel('discrete signal');
% title('exercise 1(b)');

n=-12:12;
x1=impseq(-8,-12,12)+impseq(-7,-12,12)+impseq(-6,-
12,12)+impseq(-5,-12,12)+impseq(-4,-12,12)+impseq(-3,-
12,12)+2*impseq(-2,-12,12)+3*impseq(-1,-12,12)+4*impseq(0,-
12,12)+3*impseq(1,-12,12)+2*impseq(2,-12,12)+impseq(3,-
12,12)+impseq(4,-12,12)+impseq(5,-12,12)+impseq(6,-
12,12)+impseq(7,-12,12)+impseq(8,-12,12);
x2=stepseq(-8,-12,12)+stepseq(-2,-12,12)+stepseq(-1,-
12,12)+stepseq(0,-12,12)-stepseq(1,-12,12)-stepseq(2,-
12,12)-stepseq(3,-12,12)-stepseq(9,-12,12);
subplot(2,2,1);
stem(n,x1,'r');grid on;
xlabel('distance time n');
title('exercise 4');
% subplot(2,2,2);
hold on;
stem(n,x2,'g');grid on;
legend('x1','x2');
xlabel('discrete n'); 191A017

subplot(2,2,3);
stem(n,x1,'r');grid on;
xlabel('distance time n');
subplot(3,3,1);
stem(n,x2,'g');grid on; 191A017

legend('x1','x2');
close all;
n=-30:30;
x1=n.*stepseq(10,-30,30)-n.*stepseq(0,-30,30);
x2=15*(exp(-n+10).*(n.*stepseq(10,-30,30)-n.*stepseq(20,-
30,30) );
x3=20*cos(0.1*pi*n).*(n.*stepseq(20,-30,30)-n.*stepseq(30,-
30,30) );
plot(n,x1);grid on;
xlabel('time n');
ylabel('discrete signal');
title('exercise 5)');
hold on;
plot(n,x1);grid on;
xlabel('time n');

hold on;
plot(n,x1);grid on;
xlabel('time n ');
hold on;
legend('x1','x2','x3');

LAB NO.2
(191A017)
jatin katiyar
[191𝐴017]
Code
(a)close all;
clc;
t=0:0.01:0.99;
y=4*cos((5*pi*t)-(pi/4));
plot(t,y)
xlabel('continous time t');
[191𝐴017]
title('cosine function','fontsize',12)

(b)t=-1.5:(3.5/99):2;
y=cos(4*t)-2*sin(8*t);
plot(t,y);
xlabel('continous time t');

[191𝐴017]
(a)n=linspace(0,1,100);
y=4*cos(0.1*n*pi);
grid on;
stem(n,y);
xlabel('discrete plot');
title('cosine plot','fontsize',12);

[191𝐴017]
(b)
t=linspace(0,0.99,100);
w=linspace(-10,10,100);
y=5*exp(-j*w.*t);
y1=real(y);
y2=imag(y);
subplot(2,2,1);
plot(t,y1,t,y2);
grid on;
xlabel('continuoes time t');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Exponential Function')
legend('y2 Imagenary','y1 real');
subplot(2,2,2);
plot3(t,w,y); grid on;
xlabel('continuoes time t');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('3-d Exponential Function')

[191𝐴017]
t=-1:6/599:5;
y=(exp(-2*t)).*(cos(6*pi*t));
%subplot(2,2,1);
figure(1);
plot(t,y);
xlabel('t sec');
ylabel('f(t) volts');
axis([-2, 7, -10, 10]);
n=-1:6/599:5;
y=(exp(-2*n)).*(cos(6*pi*n));
%subplot(2,2,2);
figure(2);
stem(t,y);

xlabel('t sec');
axis([-2, 7, -10, 10]);
[191𝐴017]

t=-1:6/599:5;
y=(exp(-2*t)).*(cos(6*pi*t));
subplot(2,2,1);
% figure(1);
plot(t,y);
xlabel('t sec');
axis([-2, 7, -10, 10]);
title('difference between plot and stem');
n=-1:6/599:5;
y=(exp(-2*n)).*(cos(6*pi*n));
subplot(2,2,2);
% figure(2);
stem(t,y);
xlabel('t sec');
axis([-2, 7, -10, 10]);

[191𝐴017]
t1=-8:-3;
x1=0+t1*0;
t2=-4:2;
x2=(t2+2)+t2*0;
t3=3:8;
x3=(t3-2)+t3*0;
t=[t1 t2 t3];
x=[x1 x2 x3];
plot(t,x)
xlabel('t sec');
ylabel('x(t) volts');

[191𝐴017]
n1=-8:-3;
x1=0+n1*0;
n2=-4:2;
x2=(n2+2)+n2*0;
n3=3:8;
x3=(n3-2)+n3*0;
n=[n1 n2 n3];
x=[x1 x2 x3];
stem(n,x)
xlabel('n sec');
ylabel('x(n) volts');

[191𝐴017]
t1=0:10;
x1=-20+4*t;

t2=10:20;
x2=20+t2*0;
t3=20:23;
x3= 9.74.*10^9.*exp(-t3)+t3*0;
x=[x1,x2,x3];
t=[t1 t2 t3];
plot(t,x);grid on;
xlabel('time');
ylabel('continous signal');
axis([-3 30 -5 30]);



Signals & Systems Lab: Experiment # 4
191A017
JATIN KATIYAR
[191𝐴017]
Code with user define function

n=-3:4;
x= [1, 1,-3, 4, 6,-5,8,10];
subplot(3,2,1);
stem(n,x);
x2=sigfold(5*x,n);
subplot(3,2,2);
stem(n,x2);
x3=sigshift(3*x,n,-2);
subplot(3,2,3);
stem(n-2,x3);grid on;

subplot(3,2,4);
x4=sigfold(-2*x3,n);
stem(n+1,x4);grid on;
signfold.m function
function [y,n]=sigfold(x,m);
n=-fliplr(m);
[191𝐴017]
y=fliplr(x);
signshift.m function
function [y,n]=sigshift(x,m,k);
n=m+k;
y=x;
graph

Code
n=-2:10;
x=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,6,5,4,3,2,1];
subplot(2,2,1);
stem(n,x);
ylabel('amplitude in discrete');
title('plot of x function');
x1=sigshift(2*x,n,5);
x2=sigshift(3*x,n,-4);
n1=3:15;
[191𝐴017]
n2=-6:6;
n3=-6:15;
x3= sigadd(x1,n1,x2,n2);
subplot(2,2,2);
stem(n3,x3);grid on;
title('plot of y function');
function sigadd.m
function [y,n]= sigadd(x1,n1,x2,n2);
m1=min(min(n1),min(n2));
m2=max(max(n1),max(n2));
n=m1:m2;
y1=[zeros(1,abs(min(n1)-m1)) x1 zeros(1,abs(max(n1)-m2))];
y=y1-y2;
graph

[191𝐴017]
Code
n=-4:8;
x=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,6,5,4,3,2,1];
subplot(2,2,1);
stem(n,x);
title('plot of x function');

n1=-5:7;
n2=-2:10;
x1=sigshift(x,n,2);
x2=sigshift(x,n,-3);
x3=sigfold(x2,n1);
x4=x1.*x;
subplot(2,2,2);
stem(n2,x4);
title('plot of x4 function');
n4=-2:8;
x5=sigadd(x2,n1,x4,n2);
n3=-5:10;
subplot(2,2,3);
stem(n3,x5);
grid on;
title('plot of y function');
Function
function [y,n]= sigadd(x1,n1,x2,n2);

m1=min(min(n1),min(n2));
m2=max(max(n1),max(n2));
n=m1:m2;
y=y1+y2;
Graph

[191𝐴017]
Code
n=-10:10;
x=exp((-.1+j.*0.3).*n);
subplot(2,2,1);
stem(n,abs(x));
title('magnitude plot');

subplot(2,2,2);
stem(n,angle(x));
title('phase plot');
ylabel('phase in y');
x2=sigfold(x,n);
[191𝐴017]
x3=0.5*(x+x2);
subplot(2,2,3);
stem(n,x3);
title('even plot');
x3=0.5*(x-x2);
subplot(2,2,4);
stem(n,x3);
title('odd plot');
Function
n=-fliplr(m);
y=fliplr(x);
Graph

Code

t=-13:13;
x1=2*stepseq(-10,-13,13)-2*stepseq(5,-13,13);;
subplot(2,2,1);
plot(t,x1);
grid on;
xlabel('time t');
ylabel('amplitude ');
x2=0.66*(t.*stepseq(-3,-13,13)+t.*stepseq(3,-
13,13)+3*stepseq(-3,-13,13)-3*stepseq(3,-13,13))-
1.33*t.*stepseq(0,-13,13);
subplot(2,2,2);
plot(t,x2);grid on;
xlabel('time t');
subplot(2,2,3);
x3=sigfold(x1,t);
plot(t,x3);grid on;
xlabel('time t');
[191𝐴017]
Function
n=-fliplr(m);
y=fliplr(x);
Graph


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Signal and systems
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Lab 5
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Jatin katiyar
191a017
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JATIN KATIYAR [191𝐴017]
Code
clc;
clear all;
n1=input('Enter range of first Sequence :');
n2=input('Enter range of second Sequence :');
x1=input('Enter first Sequence :');

x2=input('Enter second Sequence :');

n=(min(n1)+min(n2):max(n1)+max(n2));
subplot(3,1,1);
stem(n1,x1);
xlabel('n1');
ylabel('x(n)');
title('First sequence');
subplot(3,1,2);
stem(n2,x2); [191𝐴017]
xlabel('n2');
ylabel('h(n)');
title('Second sequence');
p=length(x1);
for i=1:p
hm=[zeros(1,i-1) x2 zeros(1,p-i)];
H(i,:) = hm;
end
y=x1*H;

disp('Convolution Sum y(n) = ');y

subplot(3,1,3);
stem(n,y);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('y(n)');
title('Convolution Sum');
ans [191𝐴017]
Enter first Sequence :[3,11,7,0,-1,4,2];
Enter second Sequence :[2,3,0,-5,2,1];
Convolution Sum y(n) =
y=
6 31 47 6 -51 -5 41 18 -22 -3 8 2
Graph

CODE
clc;
clear all;
n1=input('Enter range of first Sequence :');
n2=input('Enter range of second Sequence :');
x1=input('Enter first Sequence :');
x2=input('Enter second Sequence :');

n=(min(n1)+min(n2):max(n1)+max(n2));
subplot(3,1,1);
stem(n1,x1);
xlabel('n1');
ylabel('x(n)');
title('First sequence');
subplot(3,1,2);
stem(n2,x2);
xlabel('n2');
ylabel('h(n)');
title('Second sequence');
[191𝐴017]
p=length(x1);
for i=1:p
hm=[zeros(1,i-1) x2 zeros(1,p-i)];
H(i,:) = hm;
end
y=x1*H;
disp('Convolution Sum y(n) = ');y

subplot(3,1,3);
stem(n,y);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('y(n)');
title('Convolution Sum');
[191𝐴017]
ANSWER
nter second Sequence :-5:50;
Convolution Sum y(n) =
y=
Columns 1 through 16
0 0 0 0 0 -5 -9 -12 -14 -15 -15 -14 -12 -9 -5 5
15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 155 165
175 185 195 205 215 225 235 245 255 265 275 285 295 305 315 325

335 345 355 365 375 385 395 405 415 425 435 445 455 414 372 329
285 240 194 147 99 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
>>
GRAPH

[191𝐴017]
CODE
n=-25:25;
x1=cos((pi*n)/4).*(stepseq(-5,-25,25)-stepseq(25,-25,25));
x2= power(0.9,-n).*(stepseq(0,-25,25)-stepseq(20,-25,25));

n2=-10:10;
w=stepseq(-10,-10,10);
x3=round(5*w);
% subplot(2,2,1);
% stem(n,x1);
% xlabel('n1');
% ylabel('x1(n)');
% title('plot of input x1(n)');
%
% subplot(2,2,2);
% stem(n,x2); [191𝐴017]
% xlabel('n1');
% ylabel('x2(n)');
%
% subplot(2,2,3);
% stem(n2,x3);
% xlabel('n1');
% ylabel('x3(n)');

[y1,m1]=conv_sum(x2,n,x1,n);
[y2,m2]=conv_sum(x3,n2,y1,m1);
subplot(2,2,1);
stem(m1,y1);
xlabel('m1');
ylabel('y1(n)');
title('plot of input y1(n)');
subplot(2,2,2);
stem(m2,y2); [191𝐴017]
xlabel('m2');
ylabel('y2(n)');
[y3,m3]=conv_sum(x3,n2,x1,n);
[y4,m4]=conv_sum(x2,n,y3,m3);
subplot(2,2,3);
stem(m4,y4);
xlabel('m4');
ylabel('y4(n)');

GRAPH

CODE
clc;
clear all;
a=[1];
b=[1 -1 0.9];
n=-10:120;
h=impz(a,b,n);
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(n,h);
xlabel('n');
title('impluse response');
x=[zeros(1,10),ones(1,121)];
u=filter(a,b,x);
subplot(2,1,2)
stem(n,u);
xlabel('n');
title('unitstep response');

CODE
clc;
clear all;
n=-3:4;
x=[3 8 7 2 0 -3 4 5];
w=rand(1,length(n));
[x2,n2]=sigshift(x,n,2); [191𝐴017]
[y,m]=sigadd(x2,n2,w,n);
[x1,n1]=sigfold(x,n);
[y1,m1]=conv_sum(x,n,x1,n1);
[y2,m2]=conv_sum(y,m,x1,n1);
subplot(2,2,1);
stem(n,x);

xlabel('n1');
ylabel('x(n)');
title('plot of input x(n)');
subplot(2,2,2);
stem(m,y);
xlabel('m');
ylabel('y(n)');
title('plot of input y(n)');
subplot(2,2,3);
stem(m1,y1);
xlabel('m1');
ylabel('rxx(n)');
title('autocorrelation');
subplot(2,2,4);
stem(m2,y2);
xlabel('n1');
ylabel('rxy(n)');
title('crosscorrelation');

GRAPH

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS LAB NO.01
JATIN KATIYAR
191A017
Signals & Systems Lab: Experiment # 1
Exercise#1
(a) Generate a matrix of size 4x4 of normally distributed random numbers.
(b) Change the value of the 3rd column to [6 9 2 5].
(c) Delete the 2nd row.

[191𝐴017]
code
a_17=randn(4,4)
a_17(:,[3])=[6 9 2 5]
a_17(2,:)=[]
ans
a_17 =
0.5377 0.3188 3.5784 0.7254

1.8339 -1.3077 2.7694 -0.0631
-2.2588 -0.4336 -1.3499 0.7147
0.8622 0.3426 3.0349 -0.2050
a_17 =
0.5377 0.3188 6.0000 0.7254

1.8339 -1.3077 9.0000 -0.0631
-2.2588 -0.4336 2.0000 0.7147
0.8622 0.3426 5.0000 -0.2050

a_17 =
0.5377 0.3188 6.0000 0.7254

-2.2588 -0.4336 2.0000 0.7147
0.8622 0.3426 5.0000 -0.2050
Exercise#2
(a) Start with the 4-by-4 square, A.

(b) Then form B = [A A+32; A+48 A+16]
(c) What’s the size of B?
Code
a=[1,2,3,4;5,6,7,8;9,10,11,12;13,14,15,16]
b=[ a, a+32 ;a+48, a+16]
s=size(b)
ans
a=
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
b=

1 2 3 4 33 34 35 36
5 6 7 8 37 38 39 40
9 10 11 12 41 42 43 44
13 14 15 16 45 46 47 48
49 50 51 52 17 18 19 20
53 54 55 56 21 22 23 24
57 58 59 60 25 26 27 28
61 62 63 64 29 30 31 32
s=
8 8
[191𝐴017]
Exercise#3
Define the following discrete time signal using concatenation
code
n1=0:9;
x1=0.8+n1*0;
n2=10:19;
x2=0+n2*0;
n3=20:30;
x3=n3.^0.2+n3*0;

n=[n1 n2 n3];
x=[x1 x2 x3];
stem(n,x)
ans

Code

a_17=[2 -2;-1 2]
b_17=[1 -1;0 2]
c_17=[1;-2]
d_17=a_17+b_17
%e_17=a_17+c_17 invalid
f_17=b_17+d_17
g_17=b_17*c_17
h_17=a_17*b_17
i_17=a_17/d_17
%j_17=(c_17*c_17)*a_17 invlid
%k_17=(c_17.*c_17)*a_17 invalid
Ans
a_17 =
2 -2
-1 2 [191𝐴017]
b_17 =
1 -1
0 2
c_17 =
-2

d_17 =
3 -3
-1 4
f_17 =
4 -4
-1 6
g_17 =
-4
h_17 =
2 -6
-1 5
i_17 =
0.6667 0
-0.2222 0.3333

Code
a_17=1:2:5
x=size(a_17)
b_17=[a_17' a_17' a_17']
y=size(b_17)
c_17=b_17(1:2:3,1:2:3)
z=size(c_17)
d_17=a_17+b_17(2,:)
t=size(d_17)
e_17=[zeros(1,3) ones(3,1)' 3:5]
r=size(e_17)
ans
a_17 =
[191𝐴017]
1 3 5
x=
1 3

b_17 =
1 1 1
3 3 3
5 5 5
y=
3 3
c_17 =
1 1[191𝐴017]
5 5
z=
2 2
d_17 =
4 6 8

t=
1 3
e_17 =
0 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 5
r=
1 9
>>


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SIGNAL AND SYSTEMS LAB

% Program for signal synthesis using TFS

% Program for signal synthesis using TFS

% Program for signal synthesis using TFS

an=(64*power(-1,n))/(( pi^2)*(n^2)); %Cosine coefficients

% Program for signal synthesis using TFS

N=200; %Number of harmonics

2/(s + 1)^2 - 1/(s + 1) + 1/(s + 2)

(s + 3)/((s + 1)^2*(s + 2))

t + 8*dirac(t) + (3*t^2)/2 + 12*dirac(1, t) + 5*dirac(2, t)

12*s + (s + 3)/s^3 + 5*s^2 + 8

4*exp(-2*t) + 2*dirac(t) + dirac(1, t)

(s^2 + 4*s + 8)/(s + 2)

USING HEAVISIDE FUNCTION (JATIN KATIYAR 191A017)

2/w^2 + exp(-w*1i)*(pi*dirac(1, w) + 1i/w^2)*1i + exp(w*1i)*(pi*dirac(1, w) + 1i/w^2)*1i - pi*dirac(1, w)*2i

191A017 JATIN KATIYAR

191A017 JATIN KATIYAR

xlabel('discrete signal'); 191A017

191A017 JATIN KATIYAR

191A017 JATIN KATIYAR

191A017 JATIN KATIYAR

stem(n,x2,'g');grid on; 191A017

191A017 JATIN KATIYAR

191A017 JATIN KATIYAR

JATIN KATIYAR 191A017

JATIN KATIYAR 191A017

JATIN KATIYAR 191A017

JATIN KATIYAR 191A017

JATIN KATIYAR 191A017

JATIN KATIYAR 191A017

JATIN KATIYAR 191A017

JATIN KATIYAR 191A017

JATIN KATIYAR 191A017

JATIN KATIYAR 191A017

JATIN KATIYAR 191A017

JATIN KATIYAR 191A017

JATIN KATIYAR 191A017

Code with user define function

191A017 JATIN KATIYAR

191A017 JATIN KATIYAR

191A017 JATIN KATIYAR

191A017 JATIN KATIYAR

function [y,n]= sigadd(x1,n1,x2,n2);

191A017 JATIN KATIYAR

191A017 JATIN KATIYAR

191A017 JATIN KATIYAR

191A017 JATIN KATIYAR

191A017 JATIN KATIYAR

191A017 JATIN KATIYAR

JATIN KATIYAR [191𝐴017]

x2=input('Enter second Sequence :');

JATIN KATIYAR [191𝐴017]

disp('Convolution Sum y(n) = ');y

Enter first Sequence :[3,11,7,0,-1,4,2];

Enter second Sequence :[2,3,0,-5,2,1];

Convolution Sum y(n) =

JATIN KATIYAR [191𝐴017]

JATIN KATIYAR [191𝐴017]

JATIN KATIYAR [191𝐴017]

nter second Sequence :-5:50;

Convolution Sum y(n) =

0 0 0 0 0 -5 -9 -12 -14 -15 -15 -14 -12 -9 -5 5

15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 155 165

JATIN KATIYAR [191𝐴017]

285 240 194 147 99 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Columns 97 through 111

an=(64power(-1,n))/(( pi^2)(n^2)); %Cosine coefficients

t + 8dirac(t) + (3t^2)/2 + 12dirac(1, t) + 5dirac(2, t)

12s + (s + 3)/s^3 + 5s^2 + 8

4exp(-2t) + 2*dirac(t) + dirac(1, t)

2/w^2 + exp(-w1i)(pidirac(1, w) + 1i/w^2)1i + exp(w1i)(pidirac(1, w) + 1i/w^2)1i - pidirac(1, w)2i