Worksheet 3 Key

1.
a) As
b) Ca, Zn
c) F(B is metalloid)
2.
2
a) 𝑛𝑠
2 5
b) 𝑛𝑠 𝑛𝑝
3. Se
4.
𝐴𝑙𝑃𝑂 4, 𝐹𝑒𝑆𝑂 3, 𝐴𝑔 2𝐶𝑂 3, 𝐶𝑢𝐵𝑟 2, (𝑁𝐻 4) 2𝑆, 𝑍𝑛𝐶𝑂 3, 𝐶𝑎(𝐶𝐻 3𝐶𝑂𝑂) 2, 𝐶𝑢 2𝑆𝑂 4, 𝐹𝑒𝐶𝑙 3

5. Iron (III) nitrate or ferric nitrate, zinc oxide, copper (I) hydroxide or cuprous hydroxide,
magnesium acetate, potassium bicarbonate or potassium hydrogen carbonate
6.

- The periodic law

- Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals
- Halogens, diatomic
- (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn), stable monatomic
- Metalloids, (B,Si,Ge,As,Sb,Te,Po)
- Mercury (Hg)
- Copper (Cu), Gold (Au)

7.
a) P
b) Sb
c) Si
d) Na
e) Al
Remember the trend of the size of atomic radius:
- Atomic radius increases going down a group due to an increase in # of orbitals and
shielding
- Atomic radius decreases going across a period (left to right) due to an increase in
effective nuclear charge.
8.
3− 2− − + 2+ 3+
𝑁 , 𝑂 , 𝐹 , 𝑁𝑎 , 𝑀𝑔 , 𝐴𝑙
9.
2+ + −
a) 𝐶𝑎 < 𝐾 < 𝐶𝑙
2+ +
b) 𝐶𝑎 < 𝐶𝑎 < 𝐶𝑎
+ −
c) 𝐿𝑖 < 𝐿𝑖 < 𝐿𝑖
When looking at ionic radius you need to look at the # of protons and electrons. The higher the
Proton/electron ratio, the smaller the ion is conversely, the higher the electron/proton ratio, the
bigger the ion is.
Ex:
+
𝐾 = 19𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛/18𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛
2+
𝐶𝑎 = 20𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛/18𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛----> Biggest proton/electron ratio
−
𝐶𝑙 = 17𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛/18𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛----> smallest proton/electron ratio (or largest electron/proton ratio)
2+ + −
Therefore, in terms of ionic radius: 𝐶𝑎 < 𝐾 < 𝐶𝑙
In general, cations<neutral atoms<anions but you can always double-check using
proton/electron ratios

+ −
10. 𝐶𝑎 (𝑔) + 𝐼𝐸 −−> 𝐶𝑎 (𝑔) + 𝑒
11. Al<Mg<Si<S<P
First ionization energy tends to increase going across a period as it gets harder to remove an
electron as effective nuclear charge increases and size decreases. There is two exceptions to
this.
1) Group 2 has a higher IE than Group 3: Group 2 elements have a valence electron
2
configuration of 𝑛𝑠 which is full and stable. Therefore it is harder to take away an
electron from Group 2 than Group 3.
2) Group 5 has a higher IE than Group 6: Group 5 elements have a valence electron
3
configuration of 𝑛𝑝 . This is a half-filled sublevel and is a more stable, harder to take
away an electron