Industrial

Stoichiometry
PPE-109
2019
Nida Abid
Polymer Engineering

 Polymer is a branch of engineering that uses principles

of chemistry, physics, mathematics, biology, and economics to
efficiently design, produce, process and utilize
macromolecules having complex chemistry.
 The work of polymer engineers can range from the utilization
of nano-technology and nano-materials in the laboratory to
large-scale industrial processes that convert chemicals, raw
materials, living cells, microorganisms, and energy into useful
forms and products.
 What do polymer Engineer Do?
 Consulting
 Food & Beverages
 Automotive
 Packaging
 Synthetic fibers, textiles
 Biomedical polymers
 Inks Paints & Pigments
 Synthetic resins
 Master batches
 Households, utensils,
 Biodegradable polymers
 Complex structures
 Energy storage devices.
 Water treatment
Role of polymer Engineers

 R&D
 QA/QC
 Design
 Operation/production
 Trouble shooting
 Management
 Technical sales
 HSE
Chemical Process Industry
Process plant
Unit process (Chemical Change)
Unit operation (Physical change)

*Unit operations can be used before and after unit process

according to the desired property of the raw material and
product.
Machinery and Equipment
 Steel tanks or drums
 Mixing tank
 Mixing tank
 Portable mixers
 large paddle mixer
 Pebble mill
 Sand mill
 Small 3-roll mill
 Several pumps
 Filter press or centrifugal filter
 Lift trucks
 Stand-by electric generator
 Storage tanks and filling line
 Scales of different sizes
Stoichiometry
 Measure of elements
 Stoichiometry is a section of chemistry that deals with quantitative study of
chemical reactions (substances consumed and produced)
 Understand the relationship between reactants and products
 Why they exist?
 Why & How to balance a chemical reaction?
Basics of Stoichiometry

 Law of conservation of mass

 Law of conservation of energy
 Balanced chemical Equation
 Stoichiometric coefficient
 Limiting reactant
 Yield
Units & Dimensions

 Basic Units
 Derived Units
 System of Units (SI, AMERICAN, BRITISH)
 Units Consistency. Dimensional consistency
 Units Conversion
 Aritematic operations on the units
 SI prefixes
 Significant figures, accuracy, precision of numbers
System of units

 SI (International System of Units) (meter-kilogram-second-

ampere-kelvin-mole-candela)
 FPS (foot-pound-second)
 MKS (meter-kilogram-second)
 CGS (centimeter-gram-second)
 EMU (Electromagnetic) (centimeter-gram-second-abampere)
 ESU (Electrostatic) (centimeter-gram-second-abcoulomb)
 Atomic (bohr-electron mass-atomic second-electron)
 MTS (meter-tonne-second)
Conversion factor
 an arithmetical multiplier for converting a quantity expressed in
one set of units into an equivalent expressed in another.
 A conversion factor is a ratio expressed as a fraction that equals 1.
When we use conversion factors to convert units
 we multiply our original measurement by the conversion factor to
get the same measurements expressed in new units.
 System of Units

Bring a list of given dimensions in British engineering system of units in next class
 Arithmetic operation

In arithmetic or binary operation units are treated like algebraic variables

Prefixes
Conversion factor in American system of units(gc)
 F=Cma
kg.m
 F= 1N= C= 1N.s2/kg.m
s2
lbm.ft
F= 1lbf = C= 1lbf.s2/lbm.ft (not possible)
s2
But a constraint exist in American engg system
So to obtain a value as unity
𝑓𝑡.𝑙𝑏𝑚
We use gc = 32.174 C=g/gc= 1/32.174
𝑠2.𝑙𝑏𝑓
Conversion of Units
Some common terms for chemical conversions

 Mass and weight

 Moles and molar mass
 Density and specific gravity
 Mole fraction and Mass fraction
 Molarity and Molality
 PPm and PPb
 Specific volume
 Mass flow rate and Volumetric flow rate