GROUP 1 – ALKALI METALS

1)

2) alkali metals

3)
relative number of
atomic melting state at room atomic density
name symbol atomic electrons in 3
number point (°C) temperature radius (pm) (g/dm )
mass outer shell

lithium Li 3 7 1 181 solid 123 0.53

sodium Na 11 23 1 98 solid 157 0.97

potassium K 19 39 1 63 solid 203 0.86

rubidium Rb 37 85 1 39 solid 216 1.53

caesium Cs 55 133 1 28 solid 235 1.87

4) soft, low melting points, malleable, ductile, conduct heat, conduct electricity, low density

5) Li, Na, K

6) melting points decrease down the group

7) a) lose outer shell electron to form 1+ ion

b) transferred to substance reacting with
c) ionic
d) achieves a stable noble gas electrons structure

8) a)
Group 1
Oxygen Chlorine Water
metal
Burns with red flame to give a white Burns to give a white solid Fizzes, melts, moves on surface
solid Lithium + chlorine → lithium chloride Lithium + water → lithium hydroxide +
lithium
Lithium + oxygen → lithium oxide 2 Li + Cl2 → 2 LiCl hydrogen
4 Li + O2 → 2 Li2O 2 Li + 2 H2O → 2 LiOH + H2
Burns with yellow-orange flame to give Burns to give a white solid Fizzes more, melts, moves on surface,
a white solid Sodium + chlorine → sodium chloride may catch fire with yellow-orange
Sodium + oxygen → sodium oxide flame
sodium 2 Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
4 Na + O2 → 2 Na2O Sodium + water → sodium hydroxide +
hydrogen
2 Na + 2 H2O → 2 NaOH + H2
Burns with purple flame to give a white Burns to give a white solid Fizzes more, melts, moves on surface,
solid Potassium + chlorine → potassium may catch fire with purple flame
potassium Potassium + oxygen → potassium chloride Potassium + water → potassium
oxide 2 K + Cl2 → 2 KCl hydroxide + hydrogen
4 K + O2 → 2 K2 O 2 K + 2 H2O → 2 KOH + H2

b) reacts explosively

9) a) Reactivity increases

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