PROBLEM 6.

43

Determine the force in members CD and DF of the truss shown.

s
SOLUTION
Reactions:

ic ΣM J = 0: (12 kN)(4.8 m) + (12 kN)(2.4 m) − B(9.6 m) = 0

ΣFy = 0: 9.00 kN − 12.00 kN − 12.00 kN + J = 0

B = 9.00 kN

J = 15.00 kN
at
Member CD:

ΣFy = 0: 9.00 kN + FCD = 0 FCD = 9.00 kN C 

st
Member DF:
ΣM C = 0: FDF (1.8 m) − (9.00 kN)(2.4 m) = 0 FDF = 12.00 kN T 
 PROBLEM 6.44

Determine the force in members FG and FH of the truss shown.

s
SOLUTION
Reactions:

ic
ΣM J = 0: (12 kN)(4.8 m) + (12 kN)(2.4 m) − B (9.6 m) = 0

ΣFy = 0: 9.00 kN − 12.00 kN − 12.00 kN + J = 0

B = 9.00 kN

J = 15.00 kN
at
Member FG:

3
ΣFy = 0: − FFG − 12.00 kN + 15.00 kN = 0
5
FFG = 5.00 kN T 
st
Member FH:
ΣM G = 0: (15.00 kN)(2.4 m) − FFH (1.8 m) = 0

FFH = 20.0 kN T 
 PROBLEM 6.47

Determine the force in members DF, EF, and EG of the

truss shown.

s
SOLUTION

ic
Reactions:
tan β =
3
4
at
A=N=0
3
Member DF: ΣM E = 0: + (16 kN)(6 m) − FDF (4 m) = 0
5
FDF = + 40 kN FDF = 40.0 kN T 

Member EF: + ΣF = 0: (16 kN) sin β − FEF cos β = 0

FEF = 16 tan β = 16(0.75) = 12 kN FEF = 12.00 kN T 

4
Member EG: ΣM F = 0: (16 kN)(9 m) + FEG (3 m) = 0
5
FEG = −60 kN FEG = 60.0 kN C 
st
 Determine the force in members GI, GJ, and HI of the
truss shown.

s
SOLUTION

Reactions:

Member GI:

Member GJ: ic A=N=0

+ ΣF = 0: (16 kN)sin β + FGI sin β = 0

ΣM I = 0: − (16 kN)(9 m) −
4
5
FGI = −16 kN

FGJ (3 m) = 0
FGI = 16.00 kN C 
at
FGJ = −60 kN FGJ = 60.0 kN C 

3
Member HI: ΣM G = 0: − (16 kN)(9 m) + FHI (4 m) = 0
5
FHI = +60 kN FHI = 60.0 kN T 
st
 Determine the force in members AD, CD, and CE of the
truss shown.

s
SOLUTION
Reactions:

ic ΣM k = 0: 36(2.4) − B(13.5) + 20(9) + 20(4.5) = 0

ΣFx = 0: −36 + K x = 0 K x = 36 kN

ΣFy = 0: 26.4 − 20 − 20 + K y = 0 K y = 13.6 kN

B = 26.4 kN
at
ΣM C = 0: 36(1.2) − 26.4(2.25) − FAD (1.2) = 0

FAD = −13.5 kN FAD = 13.5 kN C 

 8 
ΣM A = 0:  FCD  (4.5) = 0 FCD = 0 
 17 
st
 15 
ΣM D = 0:  FCE  (2.4) − 26.4(4.5) = 0
 17 
FCE = +56.1 kN FCE = 56.1 kN T 
 Determine the force in members DG, FG, and FH of the
truss shown.

s
SOLUTION
See the solution to Problem 6.49 for free-body diagram and analysis to determine the reactions at the supports
B and K.
B = 26.4 kN ; K x = 36.0 kN ; K y = 13.60 kN

ic ΣM F = 0: 36(1.2) − 26.4(6.75) + 20(2.25) − FDG (1.2) = 0

at
FDG = −75 kN FDG = 75.0 kN C 

 8 
ΣM D = 0: − 26.4(4.5) +  FFG  (4.5) = 0
 17 
FFG = +56.1 kN FFG = 56.1 kN T 

 15 
 ΣM G = 0: 20(4.5) − 26.4(9) +  FFH  (2.4) = 0 
 17 
 FFH = +69.7 kN  FFH = 69.7 kN T 
st
 PROBLEM 6.51

A stadium roof truss is loaded as shown. Determine the force

in members AB, AG, and FG.

s
ic
SOLUTION
We pass a section through members AB, AG, and FG, and use the free body shown.

ΣM G = 0:
 40 
 41 FAB  (6.3 ft) − (1.8 kips)(14 ft)
at
 
− (0.9 kips)(28 ft) = 0
FAB = +8.20 kips FAB = 8.20 kips T 

3 
ΣM D = 0: −  FAG  (28 ft) + (1.8 kips)(28 ft)
5 
+ (1.8 kips)(14 ft) = 0
FAG = +4.50 kips FAG = 4.50 kips T 

ΣM A = 0: − FFG (9 ft) − (1.8 kips)(12 ft) − (1.8 kips)(26 ft)

− (0.9 kips)(40 ft) = 0
FFG = −11.60 kips FFG = 11.60 kips C 
st
 PROBLEM 6.52

A stadium roof truss is loaded as shown. Determine the force

in members AE, EF, and FJ.

s
SOLUTION

ic
We pass a section through members AE, EF, and FJ, and use the free body shown.
at
 8 
ΣM F = 0:  FAE  (9 ft) − (1.8 kips)(12 ft) − (1.8 kips)(26 ft) − (0.9 kips)(40 ft) = 0
 82 + 92 
 
FAE = +17.46 kips FAE = 17.46 kips T 

ΣM A = 0: − FEF (9 ft) − (1.8 kips)(12 ft) − (1.8 kips)(26 ft) − (0.9 kips)(40 ft) = 0

FEF = −11.60 kips FEF = 11.60 kips C 

ΣM E = 0: − FFJ (8 ft) − (0.9 kips)(8 ft) − (1.8 kips)(20 ft) − (1.8 kips)(34 ft) − (0.9 kips)(48 ft) = 0

FFJ = −18.45 kips FFJ = 18.45 kips C 

st

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828
 PROBLEM 6.53

Determine the force in members CD and DF of the truss shown.

s
SOLUTION

ic tan α =

sin α =
5
12
5
α = 22.62°

cos α =
12
at
13 13
Member CD:
ΣM I = 0: FCD (9 m) + (10 kN)(9 m) + (10 kN)(6 m) + (10 kN)(3 m) = 0

FCD = −20 kN FCD = 20.0 kN C 

Member DF:
ΣM C = 0: ( FDF cos α )(3.75 m) + (10 kN)(3 m) + (10 kN)(6 m) + (10 kN)(9 m) = 0

FDF cos α = −48 kN

 12 
FDF   = −48 kN FDF = −52.0 kN FDF = 52.0 kN C 
 13 
st
 PROBLEM 6.54

Determine the force in members CE and EF of the truss shown.

s
SOLUTION

ic
Member CE:

Member EF:
ΣM F = 0: FCE (2.5 m) − (10 kN)(3 m) − (10 kN)(6 m) = 0

FCE = +36 kN

ΣM I = 0: FEF (6 m) + (10 kN)(6 m) + (10 kN)(3 m) = 0

FCE = 36.0 kN T 
at
FEF = −15 kN FEF = 15.00 kN C 
st
 The truss shown was designed to support the roof of
a food market. For the given loading, determine the
force in members FG, EG, and EH.

s
SOLUTION
Reactions at supports. Because of the symmetry of the loading,

ic Ax = 0, Ay = O =
1
2
total load

We pass a section through members FG, EG, and EH, and use the free body shown.

Slope FG = Slope FI =

Slope EG =
5.50 m
2.4 m
1.75 m
6m

ΣM E = 0: (0.6 kN)(7.44 m) + (1.24 kN)(3.84 m)

A = O = 4.48 kN 
at
− (4.48 kN)(7.44 m)
 6 
− FFG  (4.80 m) = 0
 6.25 
FFG = −5.231 kN FFG = 5.23 kN C 

ΣM G = 0: FEH (5.50 m) + (0.6 kN)(9.84 m)

+ (1.24 kN)(6.24 m) + (1.04 kN)(2.4 m)

−(4.48 kN)(9.84 m) = 0 FEH = 5.08 kN T 

5.50 1.75
ΣFy = 0: FEG + (−5.231 kN) + 4.48 kN − 0.6 kN − 1.24 kN − 1.04 kN = 0
6.001 6.25
st
FEG = −0.1476 kN FEG = 0.1476 kN C 
 PROBLEM 6.56

The truss shown was designed to support the roof of

a food market. For the given loading, determine the
force in members KM, LM, and LN.

s
SOLUTION

ic
Because of symmetry of loading, O=

ΣM M = 0: 
2

 4
load

We pass a section through KM, LM, LN, and use free body shown.
 3.84 
FLN  (3.68 m)

+ (4.48 kN − 0.6 kN)(3.6 m) = 0

FLN = −3.954 kN

ΣM L = 0: − FKM (4.80 m) − (1.24 kN)(3.84 m)

+ (4.48 kN − 0.6 kN)(7.44 m) = 0
O = 4.48 kN 

FLN = 3.95 kN C 
at
FKM = +5.022 kN FKM = 5.02 kN T 

4.80 1.12
ΣFy = 0: FLM + (−3.954 kN) − 1.24 kN − 0.6 kN + 4.48 kN = 0
6.147 4
FLM = −1.963 kN FLM = 1.963 kN C 
st
 PROBLEM 6.57

A Polynesian, or duopitch, roof truss is loaded as

shown. Determine the force in members DF, EF,
and EG.

s
SOLUTION
Free body: Truss:

ic ΣFx = 0: N x = 0

ΣM N = 0: (200 lb)(8a ) + (400 lb)(7a + 6a + 5a )+(350 lb)(4a ) + (300 lb)(3a + 2a + a ) − A(8a ) = 0

A = 1500 lb 
at
ΣFy = 0: 1500 lb − 200 lb − 3(400 lb) − 350 lb − 3(300 lb) − 150 lb + N y = 0

N y = 1300 lb N = 1300 lb 

We pass a section through DF, EF, and EG, and use the free body shown.
(We apply FDF at F.)

ΣM E = 0: (200 lb)(18 ft) + (400 lb)(12 ft) + (400 lb)(6 ft) − (1500 lb)(18 ft)
 18 
− FDF  (4.5 ft) = 0
 182 + 4.52 
 
FDF = −3711 lb FDF = 3710 lb C 
st
ΣM A = 0: FEF (18 ft) − (400 lb)(6 ft) − (400 lb)(12 ft) = 0

FEF = +400 lb FEF = 400 lb T 

ΣM F = 0: FEG (4.5 ft) − (1500 lb)(18 ft)+(200 lb)(18 ft) + (400 lb)(12 ft) + (400 lb)(6 ft) = 0

FEG = +3600 lb FEG = 3600 lb T 

 PROBLEM 6.58

A Polynesian, or duopitch, roof truss is loaded as

shown. Determine the force in members HI, GI,
and GJ.

s
SOLUTION
See solution of Problem 6.57 for reactions:

ic
We pass a section through HI, GI, and GJ, and use the free body shown.
(We apply FHI at H.)
A = 1500 lb , N = 1300 lb 
at
 6 
ΣM G = 0:  FHI  (8.5 ft) + (1300 lb)(24 ft) − (300 lb)(6 ft)
 2 
 6 +4
2

− (300 lb)(12 ft) − (300 lb)(18 ft) − (150 lb)(24 ft) = 0

FHI = −2375.4 lb FHI = 2375 lb C 

ΣM I = 0: (1300 lb)(18 ft) − (300 lb)(6 ft) − (300 lb)(12 ft)

− (150 lb)(18 ft) − FGJ (4.5 ft) = 0

FGJ = +3400 lb FGJ = 3400 lb T 

4 6
ΣFx = 0: − FGI − (−2375.4 lb) − 3400 lb = 0
5 6 + 42
2
st
FGI = −1779.4 lb FGI = 1779 lb C 
 Determine the force in members DE and DF of the truss shown
when P = 20 kips.

s
SOLUTION
Reactions:
C = K = 2.5P
7.5

ic
Member DE:

For P = 20 kips,
Member DF:
tan β =
18
β = 22.62°

ΣM A = 0: (2.5 P )(6 ft) − FDE (12 ft) = 0

FDE = +1.25 P

FDE = +1.25(20) = +25 kips FDE = 25.0 kips T 

at
ΣM E = 0: P (12 ft) − (2.5 P )(6 ft) − FDF cos β (5 ft) = 0

12 P − 15 P − FDF cos 22.62°(5 ft) = 0

FDF = −0.65 P

For P = 20 kips, FDF = −0.65(20) = −13 kips

FDF = 13.00 kips C 

st
 Determine the force in members EG and EF of the truss shown
when P = 20 kips.

s
SOLUTION

Reactions:
C = K = 2.5P

Member EG:

ic tan α =
7.5
6
α = 51.34°

ΣM F = 0: P (18 ft) − 2.5 P (12 ft) − P (6 ft) + FEG (7.5 ft) = 0

FEG = +0.8 P;
at
For P = 20 kips, FEG = 0.8(20) = +16 kips FEG = 16.00 kips T 
Member EF:
ΣM A = 0: 2.5 P (6 ft) − P (12 ft) + FEF sin 51.34°(12 ft) = 0

FEF = −0.320 P;

For P = 20 kips, FEF = −0.320(20) = −6.4 kips

FEF = 6.40 kips C 

st
 Determine the force in members EH and GI of the
truss shown. (Hint: Use section aa.)

s
SOLUTION
Reactions:

ic ΣFx = 0: Ax = 0

ΣM P = 0: 12(45) + 12(30) + 12(15) − Ay (90) = 0

ΣFy = 0: 12 − 12 − 12 − 12 + P = 0
A y = 12 kips

P = 24 kips
at
ΣM G = 0: − (12 kips)(30 ft) − FEH (16 ft) = 0

FEH = −22.5 kips FEH = 22.5 kips C 

ΣFx = 0: FGI − 22.5 kips = 0 FGI = 22.5 kips T 

st
 Determine the force in members HJ and IL of the truss
shown. (Hint: Use section bb.)

s
SOLUTION
See the solution to Problem 6.61 for free body diagram and analysis to determine the reactions at supports A
and P.

ic A x = 0; A y = 12.00 kips ; P = 24.0 kips

ΣM L = 0: FHJ (16 ft) − (12 kips)(15 ft) + (24 kips)(30 ft) = 0

FHJ = −33.75 kips

ΣFx = 0: 33.75 kips − FIL = 0

FIL = +33.75 kips

FHJ = 33.8 kips C 

FIL = 33.8 kips T 

at
st
 The diagonal members in the center panels of the truss shown
are very slender and can act only in tension; such members are
known as counters. Determine the forces in the counters that
are acting under the given loading.

s
SOLUTION
Free body: Truss:

ic ΣFx = 0: Fx = 0

ΣM H = 0: 4.8(3a) + 4.8(2a) + 4.8a − 2.4a − Fy (2a) = 0

Fy = +13.20 kips

ΣFy = 0: H + 13.20 kips − 3(4.8 kips) − 2(2.4 kips) = 0

F = 13.20 kips 
at
H = +6.00 kips H = 6.00 kips 

Free body: ABF:

We assume that counter BG is acting.
9.6
ΣFy = 0: − FBG + 13.20 − 2(4.8) = 0
14.6
FBG = +5.475 FBG = 5.48 kips T 
Since BG is in tension, our assumption was correct.
Free body: DEH:
We assume that counter DG is acting.
st
9.6
ΣFy = 0: − FDG + 6.00 − 2(2.4) = 0
14.6
FDG = +1.825 FDG = 1.825 kips T 
Since DG is in tension, O.K.
 The diagonal members in the center panels of the truss shown
are very slender and can act only in tension; such members are
known as counters. Determine the forces in the counters that
are acting under the given loading.

s
SOLUTION
Free body: Truss:

ic
Free body: ABF:
ΣFx = 0: Fx = 0

ΣM G = 0: − Fy a + 4.8(2a) + 4.8a − 2.4a − 2.4(2a) = 0

Fy = 7.20 F = 7.20 kips 

at
We assume that counter CF is acting.
9.6
ΣFy = 0: FCF + 7.20 − 2(4.8) = 0
14.6
FCF = +3.65 FCF = 3.65 kips T 
Since CF is in tension, O.K.
Free body: DEH:
We assume that counter CH is acting.
9.6
ΣFy = 0: FCH − 2(2.4 kips) = 0
14.6
st
FCH = +7.30 FCH = 7.30 kips T 
Since CH is in tension, O.K.
 Classify each of the structures shown as completely, partially, or improperly constrained; if completely
constrained, further classify as determinate or indeterminate. (All members can act both in tension and in
compression.)

s
ic
SOLUTION

Structure (a):
at
Nonsimple truss with r = 4, m = 12, n = 8 so r + m = 16 = 2n.
Check for determinacy:
One can solve joint F for forces in EF, FG and then solve joint
E for E y and force in DE.

This leaves a simple truss ABCDGH with

r = 3, m = 9, n = 6 so r + m = 12 = 2n Structure is completely constrained and determinate. 
Structure (b):
st

Simple truss (start with ABC and add joints alphabetically to complete truss) with r = 4, m = 13, n = 8
so r + m = 17 > 2n = 16 Constrained but indeterminate 
 PROBLEM 6.71 (Continued)

Structure (c):

s
Nonsimple truss with r = 3, m = 13, n = 8 so r + m = 16 = 2n. To further examine, follow procedure in
part (a) above to get truss at left.
Since F1 ≠ 0 (from solution of joint F),

ΣM A = aF1

ic ≠ 0 and there is no equilibrium.

Structure is improperly constrained. 

at
st