1 SUBJECT: GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF WASTE ANALYSIS AND

2 CHARACTERIZATION STUDY ON MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES

3
4 Pursuant to Sections 17(b) and 19 of Republic Act No. 9003, otherwise known as the Ecological
5 Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, the National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC)
6 hereby adopts and promulgates these guidelines on the conduct of Waste Analysis and Characterization
7 Study (WACS) on municipal solid wastes (MSW).
8
9 Section 1. Basic Policy. These guidelines adhere to the policy of the government to set guidelines and
10 targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reduction through different environmentally-sound
11 methods, and to the role of the Department to establish methods and other parameters for the
12 measurement of waste reduction, collection and disposal; recommend policies to eliminate barriers to
13 waste reduction programs; and issue rules and regulations to effectively implement the provisions of
14 the Act.
15
16 Section 2. Objectives. This policy shall prescribe a national guideline in the conduct of WACS that
17 shall be adopted in the development of 10-year solid waste management plans by local government
18 units (LGU), inventory of greenhouse gases from MSW, feasibility studies of alternative technologies
19 for MSW, and other such purposes it may serve.
20
21 Section 3. Scope and Coverage.
22 (a) Types of Waste Characterization, Waste Generators, and Waste Components
23 (b) Sampling Method
24 (c) Planning and Mobilization
25 (d) Waste Characterization Procedures
26 (e) Data Processing
27 (f) Data Entry Forms
28 (g) Health and Safety Guidelines
29
30 Section 4. Definition of Terms. For purpose of these guidelines:
31
32 (a) “municipal waste” shall refer to wastes produced from activities within local government
33 units which include a combination of domestic, commercial, institutional and industrial
34 wastes and street litters [4]
35 (b) “gross weight” refers to the total weight of the container and its contents
36 (c) “per capita generation” refers to the amount of waste generated of each individual per day
37 and is estimated by dividing the waste generation of a certain area by the area’s population
38 [6].
39 (d) “residuals with potential for recycling” refer to wastes that would normally be considered for
40 disposal in a sanitary landfill due to economic viability but may eventually be recycled if
41 feasible techniques or technologies would be available to an LGU provided these are dry and
42 not contaminated by hazardous or food wastes
43 (e) “solid waste flow” or materials flow1refers to the flow of waste materials across different
44 stages, from generation at source, to collection, transportation and to disposal [7]
45 (f) “tare weight” is defined as the weight of the empty container
46 (g) “WACS” refers to waste analysis and characterization study/survey
47 (h) “WACS sample” or “cooperator” pertains to the selected household or non-household waste
48 generator
49 (i) “WACS sampling days” refers to the duration of the study/survey

1
 1 (j) “waste component” refers to the classification of waste into biodegradable, recyclable,
2 residuals with potential for recycling, residual, and special wastes [1]
3
4 Section 5. Classifications
5 5.1. Types of Waste Characterizations. The following types of waste characterization may be
6 employed depending on the type of information sought for in the study, provided that all waste
7 samples are taken from the same stage in the solid waste flow.
8
9 (a) Generator-Based Waste Characterization gathers information from generation stage by
10 generators identified in Section 5.2. This should be done for studies involving projection of
11 wastes for potential diversion from final disposal, such as the development of 10-year solid
12 waste management plans by LGUs. This study provides no insight on impacts of waste
13 collection services and waste diversion rates.
14
15 (b) End-of-Pipe Waste Characterization is a study conducted at transportation (transfer
16 stations) or disposal stage (disposal facilities). This does not capture data for recycling prior
17 disposal and illegal dumping outside known final disposal facilities. This study should be
18 done for studies involving assessment of disposal or treatment technologies for waste.
19
20 Both types of WACS may be done to compare data outcomes and provide an estimate of waste
21 that ‘leaks out’ of the waste flow as unaccounted waste, as well as insights on impacts of SWM
22 programs such as collection and recycling.
23
24 5.2. Waste Generators. For generator-based waste characterization, waste generators shall be
25 classified according to the categories and subcategories listed in Annex A. Data for waste
26 generators shall be taken from Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) for population distribution
27 across barangays within municipalities for residential sources, Business Permits and Licensing
28 Office (BPLO) listing for commercial and industrial sources, and for institutional sources.
29
30 Section 6. Waste Components. Waste components shall be classified into biodegradable, recyclable,
31 residual with potential for diversion, residual for outright disposal, and special wastes. These maybe
32 further subdivided into materials listed in Annex B.
33
34 Section 7. Sampling Method. More samples yield more accurate data. However, considering resource
35 requirements, such as time, labor and other associated costs in conducting WACS, sample size must
36 be kept to a manageable level. Also, in order to minimize bias in selecting samples for waste
37 characterization while capturing important areas of interest for representative data, stratified random
38 sampling shall be employed.
39
40 7.1. Generator-Based WACS Sampling.
41
42 (a) Strata Identification. All identified waste generators within the LGU of study shall be
43 stratified according to the categories listed in Annex A and in Annex C. If there are areas of
44 special interest with regards to waste, such as proximity of coastal settlements to marine
45 biodiversity areas, existence of economic zones, spatial stratification should also be done to
46 capture these representative ‘hotspots’.
47
48 (b) Sample Size Computation. To determine the representative number of households or non-
49 household units to be sampled for waste characterization, the statistical standard method of
50 sample size determination is used for both household and non-household waste generators.
51 More samples may be added to provide allowance in case of experimental mortality such as

2
1 when selected cooperators fail to provide waste samples during the actual activity.
2
3 For this the standard deviation, a value of 0.2 is initially assumed. As the entity conducting
4 the WACS gain more experience and data, the actual standard deviation value may be used.
5
Sampling Formula Constants Example
Standard Formula n = representative number of HH Sampling for a 1st class
𝑧 2 ×𝑃(1−𝑃) households or non- municipality with 5,400 total
𝑒2 household units households with its Barangay A
𝑛= 𝑧 2 ×𝑃(1−𝑃)
1 + ( 𝑒2𝑁 ) N = total number of households, having 1,000total households.
or total units of non-
household generators per Total HH sample size:
category (1.96)2 ×0.20(1−0.20)
0.052
z = z-score for 95% confidence 𝑛= 1.962 ×0.20(1−0.20)
= 235 𝐻𝐻
level = 1.96 1+( )
0.052 (5,400)
P = initially assumed at 20%
standard deviation = 0.20 Barangay A sample size:
e = 10% margin of error for 3rd 1,000
to 6th class LGUs. HUCs 𝑛𝐴 = 235 ∗ ≈ 44 𝐻𝐻
5,400
and 1st to 2nd class LGUs
may use a more stringent
5% margin of error.
6
7
8 Household Sampling. For calculation of representative number of household units, n, the
9 total number of households shall be used as total population, N. The calculated sample size
10 shall then be allocated proportionally across barangays.
11
12 Non-Household Sampling. For calculation of representative number of non-household
13 units, n, the total number of units per category listed in Annex A should be determined and
14 used as total population, N. The calculated sample size shall then be allocated
15 proportionally according to subcategory of waste generator.
16
17 (c) Sample Selection. After strata have been identified and the number of samples per strata
18 determined, sampling may be done systematically or randomly.
19
20 Systematic Sampling. Systematic sampling can be done using the nth approach, where
21 members of the sample are selected at a random starting point and a fixed periodic interval,
22 in. This periodic interval should be based on total population divided by sample size.
23 Samples can be identified through the existing list or a spot map of the sampling area.
24
𝑵 𝟏,𝟎𝟎𝟎
25 Example (from above): 𝒊𝒏 = 𝒏
= 𝟒𝟒
= 𝟐𝟐. 𝟕𝟑 ~ 𝟐𝟑
26
27 Random Sampling. Samples can be randomly selected from the list of generators using
28 draw lots system or random number generator software.
29
30 7.2. End-of-Pipe Based Sampling. The recommended sample size for end-of-pipe waste
31 characterization shall follow the procedures based on the Standard Test Method for

3
 1 Determination of Unprocessed Municipal Solid Waste or ASTM D5231-92 (2016).
2
3 Section 8. WACS Duration. Sampling schedule shall be a minimum of three days, covering one
4 market day, one ordinary day, and one weekend. If the LGU has two market days, sampling schedule
5 must be a minimum of four days. However, highly urbanized cities (HUCs) shall have a WACS
6 during of a minimum of seven (7) days. Sampling shall be done in consecutive days. Household and
7 non-household samplings should be preferably conducted simultaneously. Should this be done
8 separately, it should be noted in the sampling plan and WACS Report.
9
10 Care should be taken to avoid sampling periods with holidays or periods that occur immediately after
11 major holidays, festivals or religious festivities as these may impact how representative the sample is.
12 However, a separate WACS can also be done during these peak times to account for high waste
13 generation rate. Likewise, seasonal variation may be considered to document differences in consumer
14 behavior. Data on temperature and rainfall should be recorded for the different seasons.
15
16 Section 9. Planning and Mobilization. Preparation of a WACS Sampling Plan will help LGUs to
17 properly conduct the actual WACS in a systematic manner. Annex D presents a template for the
18 preparation of WACS Sampling Plan.
19
20 The local solid waste management board shall recommend to the local chief executive the key
21 personnel comprising the WACS Team. The local chief executive, through an executive order or
22 special order, designates these key personnel and indicates their roles and responsibilities in the
23 preparation of the WACS Sampling Plan, implementation of WACS and submission of WACS report.
24
25 9.1 Waste Collection Plan
26 (a) Collection of Generator-Based Information. Prerequisite census data shall include total
27 population, average household size, and population per barangay. Non-household data
28 including, but not limited to, list of commercial establishments, industries, and institutions
29 must also be consolidated. These shall be used in determining sample size and members of
30 representative sample as detailed in Section 7.
31
32 (b) Collection of End-of-Pipe-Based Information. Information on waste collection services,
33 routes, schedule, and disposal facilities must be consolidated. These shall be used in
34 determining sample size based on the Standard Test Method for Determination of
35 Unprocessed Municipal Solid Waste or ASTM D5231-92 (2016) [1].
36
37 9.2 Identification of Field Work Site. A suitable site, which is roofed, has good ventilation (i.e. not
38 enclosed by walls on all sides), has cemented/paved flooring, and is big enough to allow for entry,
39 exit, and simultaneous sorting of waste from various sources must be identified.
40
41 A layout of the site must be prepared to assign stations for stockpiling of incoming waste,
42 weighing, manual sorting, and recording. Where possible, manual sorting should take place in an
43 elevated surface such as a table. A designated area for first aid and water and food station must
44 also be assigned. Working areas must be visibly delineated with cones, stakes, or tape. [6]
45
46 9.3 Preparation of Resources. The following tools, materials and resources for waste characterization
47 must be procured or provided:
48 9.3.1 measuring tools including weighing scales and tape meters. Weighing scales with 60-100
49 kilogram (kg) maximum capacity with 0.1 kg graduation and must be calibrated
50 according to manufacturer’s instructions. For measurement of small quantity of waste,
51 digital weighing scale with 10-30 kg maximum capacity of 10-gram increments is

4
 1 recommended
2 9.3.2 sorting containers, such as waste bins, pails, garbage bags, basins etc., that are pre-
3 weighed and properly labeled with waste source category and type of waste it shall
4 contain
5 9.3.3 sorting tools including shovels, rakes, garden trowels, tongs
6 9.3.4 first aid kit, drinking water and personal hygiene supplies such as hair ties, hair clips or
7 hair nets, hand soap, paper towel, alcohol, etc.
8 9.3.5 tables and chairs, floor cover such as durable plastic sheeting or used tarpaulin
9 9.3.6 personal protective equipment including working clothes (cover-all, long-sleeves and
10 long pants, etc.), rubber gloves, masks, boots, goggles, safety vests and hard hats
11 9.3.7 vehicle for sample collection
12 9.3.8 documentation materials including data entry forms, marking pens, ballpen/pencil,
13 clipboard or folder, scissors/cutters, and masking tape
14 9.3.9 cleaning materials such as brooms and dustpans, rags
15 9.3.10 oven, if moisture content determination will be done
16
17 9.4 Notification. All cooperators must be informed in writing of the WACS activities and they must
18 consent to participation. Nearby houses and facilities must also be informed of the possible
19 disturbances such as odor and noise. Annex E provides for a sample consent form.
20
21 9.5 Roles of WACS Team. A team must be formed to delegate specific roles in the conduct of
22 WACS including a team leader, a logistics officer, a collection officer, sorters, scalers,
23 recorders, and data processors. Table 1 of Annex F summarizes the roles of members of the
24 WACS Team.
25
26 9.6 Training and Orientation. All WACS team members shall undergo orientation, which must
27 include overview of WACS objectives, training on proper waste segregation, review of
28 procedures before, during, and after actual waste characterization, content and procedure for
29 completing data entry forms, and safety guidelines. One day shall be dedicated for dry run to
30 run through all procedures during WACS.
31
32 Cooperators from waste generators shall also be oriented on their roles and responsibilities. They
33 shall not mix in wastes from other waste sources, conduct general cleaning, or divert any
34 recyclables from the waste sample.
35
36 Section 10. Waste Characterization Procedures
37
38 10.1. Waste Composition Study and Quantity Analysis.
39 (a) Generator-Based Waste. The properly labeled garbage bags from pre-identified cooperators
40 shall be brought to site as per agreed layout. Alternatively, the WACS team may visit the
41 pre-identified cooperators to document the daily waste generation.
42
43 Inspect each sample bag if segregation was done correctly. If not, sort the contents into
44 biodegradable, recyclable, residual with potential for recycling, residual for outright disposal,
45 and special waste. Per waste component, further sort the waste contents into its
46 corresponding subcategories (Annex B). Once segregated, the weight of the components
47 shall be measured using a calibrated scale, subtract the tare weight of the bag/receptacle from
48 the gross weight. The whole waste sample from each cooperator shall be weighed and
49 recorded accordingly. The WACS Team may assign one scaler and one recorder per sub-
50 team during the entire study for consistency.
51

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 1 WACS team shall also collect waste generation data from generators that are not within the
2 collection regime of the LGU. This information will provide the total waste generated in the
3 LGU but should not be included in the computation of per capita generation and eventual
4 projections.
5
6 (b) End-of-Pipe Waste. ASTM D5231-92 (2016) is the basis for waste composition study and
7 quantity analysis for end-of-pipe waste. A vehicle count at disposal facility shall be done to
8 estimate the quantity of waste. The height, width, and length (in meters) of the waste truck
9 shall be measured to determine the volume of waste.
10
11 Contents of waste truck shall be loaded onto a flat surface in one continuous pile. Contents
12 shall be manually sorted into biodegradable, recyclable, residual with potential for diversion,
13 residual for outright disposal, and special waste. Measurement and recording of weight and
14 volume may be done part by part using the larger receptacles and heavy-duty weighing scale.
15
16 Per waste component, further sort the waste contents into its corresponding subcategories.
17 Weight of each subcategory shall be measured using the calibrated scale, and calculated by
18 subtracting tare weight of the receptacle from the gross weight
19
20 10.2. Materials Flow Method. Quantification of wastes generated may also be estimated using
21 the materials flow method. In this methodology, data on the manufacture and/or sale of
22 products that become solid wastes after use are estimated by multiplying these products by
23 the fraction of solid wastes that they generate [7]. Similarly, agricultural wastes may be
24 determined by using residue to product ratio. Such residue to product ratio is available from
25 the Department of Agriculture or from literature, as shown in Annex G.
26
27 10.3. Composition Study by Photogrammetry. Provided that the WACS Team has the
28 capability to process the data through such method, photogrammetry may be done by taking
29 a photo of the representative sample at a 90-degree angle with a wide-angle lens and
30 projecting it onto a screen with 10x10 gridlines [7]. Waste components per cell should be
31 listed, and their corresponding weight fraction and weights calculated using bulk densities as
32 listed in the Annex H.
33
34 10.4. Bulk Density Analysis. Using a calibrated receptacle with known volume in cubic meters, bulk
35 density shall be determined by filling it with representative sample of the waste. Representative
36 sample shall be obtained by ‘coning and quartering.’ Tamp the receptacle three times by lifting 6
37 centimeters (cm) above ground, dropping squarely, until the surface of the waste sample is level
38 with the brim. Weight of waste shall be calculated by subtracting tare weight of the receptacle from
39 the gross weight. Bulk density (kg/m3) shall be calculated from the calculated weight divided by
40 waste volume. Bulk Density Analysis could also be done for sorted waste sample. Refer to ASTM
41 E1109-19 for the Standard Test Method for Determining the Bulk Density of Solid Waste Fractions
42 [2]
43
44 10.5. Moisture Content Determination. Procedures for moisture content determination may be done
45 through air-dry or oven-dry basis. Measurements should be performed on fresh waste as soon as
46 possible. Moisture Content Determination should be done for unsorted end-of-pipe sample.
47 (a) Air-Dry Moisture Content. This method should be performed outdoors with direct sunlight
48 to facilitate the drying process. Waste used for bulk density determination should be used
49 and spread on a tared tray to dry. Allow drying until, after repeated weighing, there is no
50 more additional loss of weight. Meteorological conditions such as temperature, humidity,
51 rainfall and cloud cover should also be recorded. Air-dry moisture content is calculated by

6
 1 dividing the moisture loss (weight) by the weight of the sample and multiplying by 100.
2 (b) Oven-Dry Moisture Content. This method should be performed in an oven with sufficient
3 volume, temperature control, and ventilation system. Waste used for bulk density
4 determination should be used and spread on a tared tray to dry. Allow drying at 100-105-
5 degree Celsius temperature range until, after repeated weighing, there is no more additional
6 loss of weight. Oven-dry moisture content is calculated by dividing the moisture loss
7 (weight) by the weight of the sample and multiplying by 100 if the sample was not air-dried
8 initially. Otherwise, moisture loss is the sum of losses from air-drying and oven-drying.
9
10 10.6. Sampling Wastes and Disposable Materials Used. All sampling wastes and disposable materials
11 must be properly segregated and disposed of according with the LGU’s 10-Year SWM Plan.
12
13 Section 11. Safety Procedures and Guidelines. The following safety guidelines shall be observed
14 during the conduct of WACS. These must be given to all participants during training and orientation.
15 (a) Personnel shall be provided with PPE including, but not limited to, gloves, dust masks, hardhats,
16 safety glasses, and safety boots, that will protect them from hazards such as dust and sharp
17 objects
18 (b) Smoking, eating, and drinking must be limited to designated areas to avoid risk of hand-to-mouth
19 transfer and ingestion of waste materials and toxic substances
20 (c) Personnel must stay within marked-off and designated areas
21 (d) All injuries must be reported to supervisor and administered with first aid
22 (e) Manual sorting must be done by picking, using tongs, at the top of waste pile. Hands must never
23 be used to dig into a pile
24 (f) Personnel with open wounds, illness, under medication and/or pregnant must not take part in the
25 sorting activities
26 (g) After the activities of WACS, all personnel must thoroughly wash their hands and other exposed
27 body parts to avoid possible contamination
28
29 Section 12. Data Processing. A well-organized electronic database that can be easily stored, interpreted,
30 and retrieved should be established from the results obtained from WACS. At the minimum, WACS
31 results should be organized a database. The use of Excel or any spreadsheet software would make
32 data processing less complex.
33
34 12.1 Raw Data Collection. Immediate results of WACS shall include the following data which shall
35 be measured and entered into forms similar to those in Annex I.
36 12.2 Derived WACS Data for Household. The household wastes generated for the LGU is
37 determined by the following formula:
38
𝐻𝐻 𝑤𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
39 = ∑ 𝐵𝑔𝑦1 + 𝐵𝑔𝑦2 + ⋯ + 𝐵𝑔𝑦𝑁−1 + 𝐵𝑔𝑦𝑁
𝑑𝑎𝑦
40
41 While the waste generated by each barangay is determined by calculating for the per capita
42 generation (pcg) per day from the WACS household sampling and multiplying it with the total
43 population of the barangay.
44
𝑃𝐶𝐺 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐻𝐻 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑑
45 =
𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝐻𝐻 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑥 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
46
𝐵𝑔𝑦 𝑤𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
47 = 𝑃𝐶𝐺 𝑥 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑔𝑦
𝑑𝑎𝑦
48 The per cent Component of waste generated from the household for the LGU is derived using

7
1 the following formulas:
2
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑃𝐶𝐺 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐻𝐻 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑑
3 =
𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝐻𝐻 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑥 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
4
𝐵𝑔𝑦 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
5 = 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑃𝐶𝐺 𝑥 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑔𝑦
𝑑𝑎𝑦
6
𝐻𝐻 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
7 = ∑ 𝐵𝑔𝑦1 + 𝐵𝑔𝑦2 + ⋯ + 𝐵𝑔𝑦𝑁−1 + 𝐵𝑔𝑦𝑁
𝑑𝑎𝑦
8
𝐻𝐻 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
9 % 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑋 100%
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝐻 𝑤𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
10
11 12.3 Derived WACS Data for Non-Household. The non-household wastes generated for the LGU
12 is determined by the following formulas. The first two formulas are applied to each category,
13 i.e. commercial, industrial, institutional, agriculture while the last formula would a summation
14 of all non-housed sources:
15
𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒘𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒘𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒉𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒅
16 =
𝑬𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒉𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒙 𝒅𝒂𝒚 𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒉𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒅 𝒙 𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒅𝒂𝒚𝒔
17
𝑬𝒔𝒕. 𝒘𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒉𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 (𝒃𝒚 𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒐𝒓𝒚) 𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒘𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
18 𝒅𝒂𝒚
=
𝑬𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒉𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒙 𝒅𝒂𝒚
𝒙 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒉𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 (𝒃𝒚 𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒐𝒓𝒚)
19
𝑾𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒉𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔
20 = ∑ 𝑬𝒔𝒕𝟏 + 𝑬𝒔𝒕𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝑬𝒔𝒕𝑵−𝟏 + 𝑬𝒔𝒕𝑵
𝒅𝒂𝒚
21
22 The % component for non-household wastes are calculated using the following formulas. The
23 formulas are applied to each individual non-household category and by component:
24
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑑
25 % 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑥 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
𝑥 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑥 100%

26
27
28 12.4 Total Waste Generation and Per Capita Generation of LGU. The total waste generation of
29 an LGU is equivalent to the total of wastes generated by both household and non-household
30 source. While the PCG of the LGU is this total divided by the population of the LGU during the
31 base year.
32
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑾𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝑮𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑯𝑯 𝒘𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝑵𝒐𝒏 𝑯𝑯 𝒘𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅
33 = +
𝒅𝒂𝒚 𝒅𝒂𝒚 𝒅𝒂𝒚
34
𝑷𝑪𝑮⁄ 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑾𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝑮𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
35 𝒅𝒂𝒚 = 𝒙 𝑷𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒅𝒂𝒚
36
37 12.5 Projecting Waste Generation over Ten (10) Years. Projecting the waste generation over the
38 10-year period for WACS purposes would factor in population growth rate and economic
39 growth rates. The population at the nth year is calculated as follows:
40
41 𝑷𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒏 = 𝑷𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒙 (𝟏 + 𝒑𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒈𝒓𝒐𝒘𝒕𝒉 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆)𝒏
42
43 On the other hand, project waste generation on the nth year is estimated using this formula:

8
 1
2 𝑊𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑𝑛 = 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑛 𝑥 𝑃𝐶𝐺 𝑥 (1 + 𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒)𝑛
3
4 If economic growth rate is assumed to be zero, then:
5 𝑊𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑𝑛 = 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑛 𝑥 𝑃𝐶𝐺
6
7 12.6 Consistency in Units Used. Care should be taken in using units. Metric system is preferred to
8 be used as the Philippines adheres to this system.
9
10
11 Section 13. Separability Clause. If any provision of these guidelines is declared void or
12 unconstitutional, the remaining provisions hereof is not affected thereby and shall remain in full force and
13 effect.
14
15 Section 14. Transitory Clause. Any LGU that has already performed their WACS and used the results
16 for the development of its 10-year solid waste management plan prior to the effectivity of this Guidelines
17 shall comply with the procedures set forth in its subsequent updating of the said plan.
18
19 Section 15. Repealing Clause. All NSWMC Resolutions that are inconsistent with these guidelines are
20 hereby repealed or modified accordingly.
21
22 Section 16. Effectivity. This Administrative Order shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its publication
23 in two (2) newspapers of general circulation and upon submission of a copy thereof to the Office of the
24 National Administrative Registry (ONAR) at the University of the Philippines Law Center.

9
 1 References:
2
3 [1] ASTM D5231-92 (2016), Standard Test Method for Determination of the Composition of
4 Unprocessed Municipal Solid Waste, ASTM International West Conshohocken, PA, 2016, www.astm.org
5
6 [2] ASTM E1109-19 (2019). Standard Test Method for Determining the Bulk Density of Solid Waste
7 Fractions. ASTM International West Conshohocken, PA, 2019, www.astm.org
8
9 [3] DENR-ADB (2003). Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project Report No.3 WACS
10
11 [4] Department on Environment and Natural Resources (2001). Republic Act 9003 and its Implementing
12 Rules and Regulations; The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
13
14 [5] Kawai., K. and Tasaki, Tomohiro (2013). Total MSW Generation and MSW Generation Per Capita.
15 Kanagawa, Japan: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
16
17 [6] USAID-EcoGov (2011). Manual on Waste Analysis and Characterization Study
18
19 [7] Worrell, William A., Vesilind, P. A. (2011), Solid Waste Engineering, Second Edition, Cengage
20 Learning, www.cengage.com/highered

10
1
2 ANNEX A
3 Waste Generators Classification
4
Category Subcategory Types
Urban
Household
Rural
Malls/Department stores
Grocery stores
General merchandise
Hardware stores
Convenience stores
Restaurants
Coffee shops
Cafeteria
Food establishments Day & night clubs
Bar & cocktail lounges
Commercial Food stalls (food/beverage stalls)
Other eating & drinking places
Hotels/Resorts/Apartelles
Hotels Dorm/boarding house
Others: specify
Public market
Private market
Satellite markets/Talipapa
Market
Food terminal
Wet market
Dry market
Food processing
Beverage
Furniture and fixtures
Rubber and plastic products
Petroleum and other fuel products
Textile manufacturing
Footwear, leather and leather products
Printing and publishing
Manufacturing
Wearing apparel
Paper and paper products
Machinery and equipment
Transport equipment
Industrial Chemical and chemical products
Metal industries
Non-metallic mineral products
Miscellaneous manufacturers
Agriculture (crop, livestock, poultry)
Agribusiness
Fishery
Transport storage and communication
Trade and repair of motor vehicles and
household goods
Services Financial intermediation
Real estate renting and business
activity
Other services
Government Offices

11
 Category Subcategory Types
Institutional Offices Private offices
Banks
NGOs, NGAs
Day care centers
Elementary schools
Schools High schools
Colleges/Universities
Recreational center
Parks Parks
Cemeteries
Churches
Hospitals
Health-related
Other Heath Facilities
Street sweepings
Other sources Dredged materials
Construction & demolition
1

12
1 ANNEX B
2 Waste Component Categories
3

Waste Category Subcategory

Food/kitchen waste
Garden/park waste
BIODEGRADABLES Agri/Farm waste
Livestock wastes
Paper (white paper, cardboards, cartons, newspaper,
textbooks, magazine, pamphlets, mixed paper, etc.)
Plastics (PET bottles, beverage jugs, PVC pipes,
squeezable bottles/tubes, microwavable containers,
RECYCLABLES pails/chairs, styrofoam, plastic trays & cutlery, others)
Glass (bottles, flat glass, cullets)
Metals (tin cans, aluminum cans & trays, copper tubes
and wires, steel)
Flexible plastics: Pouches, sachets, wrappers, tarpaulins,
RESIDUALS with drinking straw, grocery/food bags
POTENTIAL Leather
for RECYCLING Rubber (slippers, mats)
Textile (rags)
Sanitary composites (napkins, diapers, soiled tissue
paper)
RESIDUALS for DISPOSAL Soiled paper (coated paper, food contaminated paper)
Soiled plastics (labo, etc.)
Others: Cigarette butts, etc.
Hazardous waste (WEEE, pesticide and cleaning
containers, paint & chemical containers, etc)
Healthcare waste from hospitals (gloves, masks,
SPECIAL WASTES
syringes, expired medicines, etc.)
Bulky waste (bulky yard waste, rubber tires,
construction/demolition/disaster debris)
4

13
1 ANNEX C
2 Waste Generators Stratification
3 Table C.1. City Classification (Legal Classification)
Classification Description
Highly Urbanized Cities (HUCs) Cities with minimum population of 200,000 and latest annual
income of PhP50 million
Independent Component Cities Cities with charters prohibiting their voters from voting for
(ICCs) provincial elective officials
Component Cities Cities which do not meet the requirements for HUCs and ICCS
4 SOURCE: Section 452, RA 7160 or the Local Government Code of 1991
5
6 Table C.2. City Classification (Income)
Class Average Annual Income (in PhP)
First At least 400 million
Second 320+ but < 400 million
Third 240+ but < 320 million
Fourth 160+ but < 240 million
Fifth 80+ but < 160 million
Sixth < 80 million
7 SOURCE: Department of Finance Order No. 23-08, 29 July 2008
8
9 Table C.3. Municipality Classification (Income)
Class Average Annual Income (in PhP)
First At least 55,000,000
Second 45,000,000 - 54,999,999
Third 35,000,000 - 44,999,999
Fourth 25,000,000 - 34,999,999
Fifth 15,000,000 - 24,999,999
Sixth At most 14,999,999
10 SOURCE: Department of Finance Order No. 23-08, 29 July 2008
11
12 Table C.4. Household Classification by Monthly Family Income
Indicative range in PHP
Income Cluster Definition: Per Capita Income
(at 2017 prices)
Less than official poverty
Poor < 9,520
threshold/poverty line
Between the poverty line and twice
Low-income class (but not poor) 9,520 – 19,040
the poverty line
Between two and four times the
Lower middle-income class 19,040 – 38,080
poverty line
Between four and seven times the
Middle middle-income class 38,080 – 66,640
poverty line
Between 7 and 12 times the poverty
Upper middle-income class 66,640 – 114,240
line
Between 12 and 20 times the poverty
Upper-income class (but not rich) 114,240 – 190,400
line
At least equal to 20 times the poverty
Rich ≥190,400
line
13 SOURCE: Albert, J.R.G., Santos, A.G.F., and Vizmanos, J.F.V. 2018. Defining and profiling the middle
14 class. PIDS Policy Notes No. 2018-18. Quezon City: Philippine Institute for Development Studies

14
1 Table C.5. Barangay Classification
Urban Rural
o If a barangay has a population size of 5,000 or o An area outside any area classified as urban
more
o If a barangay has at least one establishment
with a minimum of 100 employees
o If a barangay has 5 or more establishments
with a minimum of 10 employees, and 5 or
more facilities within the two-kilometer
radius from the barangay hall
2 SOURCE: Philippine Statistical Authority
3
4 Table C.6. Classification for Schools According to Number of Teachers
Category Number of teachers (National) Number of teachers (NCR)
Elementary Level
Small school 9 and below 40 and below
Medium school 10-29 41-80
Large school 30-50 81-120
Mega school 51 and above 121 and above
High School Level
Small school 9 and below 40 and below
Medium school 10-25 41-80
Large school 26-50 81-120
Mega school 51 and above 121 and above
5 SOURCE: DepEd Memorandum no. 36, series of 2019
6
7 Table C.7. Classification for Colleges and Universities
Category Subcategory Description
any public institution of higher
State Universities and Colleges learning that was created by an
(SUCs) Act passed by the Congress of
the Philippines
Local Universities and
Public ran by LGUs
Colleges
charter schools and institutes
Others (other government
receive funding from the
schools, charter schools and
government but operates
institutes, special HEIs)
independently
associated with a religion or a
Sectarian
church
Private
not associated with a religion
Non-sectarian
or a church
8 Source: Information on Higher Education System, CHED/CHED Memorandum Order 1996/48
9 S.2/CHED Memorandum Order 2006/32 Art.VII S.10

15
1 Table C.8. Industry Classification According to Asset Size (Excluding Land)
Classification Asset Size (Excluding Land) in PHP
Micro Up to 3,000,000
Small 3,000,001 to 15,000,000
Medium 15,000,001 to 100,000,000
Large More than 100,000,000
2 SOURCE: Small and Medium Enterprise Development Council
3
4 Table C.9. Five Star Grading System for Hotels, Resorts and Apartelles

Star Total Score Room

Description
Grading (points) Size (m2)
1 251-400 16 Appeal to budget minded travelers; limited range of facilities
and services
2 401-550 18 Appeal to tourists seeking more than basic accommodations;
expanded facilities and higher level of comfort
3 551-700 20 Offer a very good level of accommodation; more spacious public
areas, higher quality facilities and greater range of services
4 701-850 25 + min. Properties are upscale in all areas; accommodation is refined and
2% of stylish; service is responsive, often including an extensive array
rooms are of facilities
suites
5 851-1,000 30 + min. Properties reflect characteristics of luxury and sophistication;
5% of facilities are world class in every manner and meticulous
rooms are services exceeds all guests’ expectations
suites
5 SOURCE: Department of Tourism, RA 9593: Tourism Act of 2009
6
7 Table C.__. Classification of Dormitories and boarding houses
Class Description
Class A Dormitories and boarding houses providing accommodations for fifty (50) boarders or more
Dormitories and boarding houses providing accommodations for thirty (30) but less than
Class B
fifty (50) boarders
Dormitories and boarding houses providing accommodations for twenty (20) but not less
Class C
than thirty (30) boarders
Dormitories and boarding houses providing accommodations for more than five (5) but less
Class D
than twenty (20) boarders
8 SOURCE: House Bill no. 00831: An Act Standardizing the Operation and Maintenance of Dormitories
9 and Boarding Houses, Providing Penalties Therefore, and for Other Purposes. 27 July 2016.
10
11 Table C.10. Classification of Slaughterhouses
Classification Description
Those facilities and procedures of minimum adequacy that livestock and fowls
A slaughtered therein are suitable for distribution and sale only within the city or
municipality where the slaughterhouse is located
Those facilities and operational procedures sufficiently adequate that livestock and
AA
fowls slaughtered therein are suitable for sale in any market domestic
Those facilities and operational procedures appropriate to slaughter livestock and
AAA
fowls for sale in any market domestic or international
12 SOURCE: National Meat Inspection Services

16
1 Table C.11. Classification of Malls
Super-
Neighborhood Sub-Regional Regional Mega-Mall
Regional
Size (ft2net
20k-200k 200k-500k 500k-800k 800k-1.5M >1.5M
lease area)
Typical no.
0-2 0-3 2+ 3+ 3+
of anchor
Typical Supermarket(s) Supermarket(s) Supermarket(s) Supermarket(s) Supermarket(s)
main Hypermarket Hypermarket Hypermarket Hypermarket Hypermarket
anchors General General General General General
merchandise merchandise store merchandise merchandise store merchandise
store Small department store Small department store
store Small store Small
Discount department store Discount department store
department store Discount department store Discount
department store Cinema department store
Cinema Major Cinema
entertainment/ Major
leisure entertainment/
leisure
2 SOURCE: Asia-Pacific Shopping Centre Classification
3
4 Table C.12. Market Classification
Type of Market Description
Main market • Public market - a market owned, operated and/or managed by the government
intended to serve the general public
• Private market - a market owned, operated and/or managed by private individuals
or entities, cooperatives, institution or cooperation
Satellite market/ A type of public market with less than 150 stalls that cater to limited number of
talipapa customers
Food terminal A market where products such as seafoods, fruits, vegetables and other food
merchandise are being sold on wholesale basis
Wet market A market where most of the commodities for sale are readily perishable foods
Dry market A market where most of the merchandise displayed for sale are dry goods
5 SOURCE: “Markets and Abattoirs”: IRR of Chapter IV of the Sanitation Code of the Philippines (PD
6 856)
7
8 Table C. 13. Market Sections
Section Description
Perishable foods Includes stalls selling meat, fish, vegetables, grains, and other perishable foods
section
Dry goods Includes dry, non-perishable goods such as textiles, garments, toys and other products.
section
Cooked food Includes eateries, carenderias, restaurants and other stores offering cooked food
section operating within the vicinity of the market
9 SOURCE: “Markets and Abattoirs”: IRR of Chapter IV of the Sanitation Code of the Philippines (PD 856)

17
1 Table C.14. Classification for Hospitals

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

Consulting Specialists
in: Level 2 plus all:
Level 1 plus all:
Medicine Teaching/training with
Departmentalized
Pediatrics, accredited residency in the 4
clinical services
OB-GYNE major clinical services
Surgery
Clinical services for in-
patients
Emergency and out-
Respiratory unit Physical medicine and
patient services
rehabilitation unit
Isolation facilities General ICU
Surgical/Maternity High Risk Pregnancy
Ambulatory surgical clinic
facilities Unit
Dental Clinic NICU Dialysis clinic
Secondary Clinical Tertiary Clinical
Laboratory Laboratory Tertiary lab with histopathology
Blood station Blood station
Ancillary Services
2nd Level X-ray with
1st Level x-ray Blood bank
mobile unit
Pharmacy 3rd level x-ray
2 Source: DOH Administrative Order no. 12 series of 2012
3

18
1 Table C.15. Classification for other health facilities

DIAGNOSTIC/ SPECIALIZED
PRIMARY CARE CUSTODIAL CARE
THERAPEUTIC OUT-PATIENT

Laboratories:
• Clinical Dialysis clinic (DC)
Lab/HIV
With in-patient beds:
Psychiatric Care • Blood service
• Infirmary/dispensary
Facility • Drug test lab
• Birthing home
• Newborn Ambulatory
screening lab surgical clinic
• Water lab (ASC)

Without beds:
Drug Abuse Treatment Ionizing machines such
• Medical out-patient
and Rehabilitation as X-ray, CT Scan, In-vitro fertilization
clinics
Center mammography and (IVF) centers
• OFW Clinics
(DATRC) others
• Dental Clinics
Non-ionizing machines
Radiation/Oncology
Sanatorium/leprosarium such as ultrasound,
facility
MRI, etc.
Oncology
Nursing homes Nuclear medicine
Center/clinic
2 Source: DOH Administrative Order no. 12 series of 2012

19
 1 ANNEX D
2
3 WASTE ANALYSIS and CHARACTERIZATION STUDY (WACS) PLAN
4 for the Municipality/City of <Municipality/City>, <Province>
5
6 1. OBJECTIVES
7
8 Waste Analysis and Characterization Study (WACS) data will provide the basis for the
9 development and updating of the 10-year solid waste management plan of <Municipality/City>,
10 <Province>. As such, the objectives of this WACS Plan are to:
11
12 • Determine the total amount of wastes generated in the LGU on a daily basis
13 • Determine the composition of generated wastes
14
15 Furthermore, as part of the 10-year solid waste management plan, data generated during the
16 conduct of WACS may be utilized to:
17
18 • Determine the size, capacity and design of facilities to manage solid wastes
19 • Conduct feasibility studies on alternative technologies for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
20 management
21 • Prepare inventory of greenhouse gases from MSW
22 • Evaluate waste components potential for recycling or composting
23 • Measure the effectiveness of waste reduction and recycling programs
24 • Determine the amount and methods for disposal of wastes
25 • Identify potential sources of environmental pollution in the waste stream
26
27 This WACS Plan relies on the concept that more samples yield more accurate data representation.
28 However, it also considers resource requirements such as time, labor, and associated costs in
29 conducting the WACS.
30
31
32 2. WACS TEAM
33
34 The WACS Team will be responsible for the conduct of the whole waste characterization activity.
35 Figure 1 shows the organizational structure of the WACS Team. Table 1 outlines the duties and
36 responsibilities of each member of the WACS Team (EcoGov Project, 2011).
37
38 Aside from the members of the WACS Team, resource persons or organizations will be tapped to
39 achieve the objectives of the WACS activity. Among those that could provide valuable
40 information to the WACS team are the barangay officials, other offices of the Municipality/City,
41 representatives from government agencies, and trade and industry associations. Table 2 provides
42 a list of these organizations and the information that they may provide for the conduct of WACS.
43
44 The Sub-Teams will be composed of those in-charge of the sample households and non-household
45 waste generators. The Household Sub-Teams will handle WACS for households in <number>

20
1 barangays. Non-household Sub-Teams will be in-charged of WACS for industrial and commercial
2 establishments, institutions, and other waste sources.
3
4 Figure 1. WACS Team Organizational Chart
5 (Sample WACS Team organizational chart for a municipality with 12 Barangays)
6
7

21
1 Table 1. Roles and Responsibilities of the WACS Team Members
2 (Edit the table as needed)
3
Designation Key Functions
Team Leader • Coordinate with C/MENRO-designate and Solid Waste
Management Officers
• Lead the team in the preparation for and execution of WACS
• Establish link and communication with resource persons and
organizations
• Ensure that both cooperators and WACS team members are well
informed about their responsibilities and procedures that will be
followed
• Act as or designate Site Safety Officer during the WACS activity
• Ensure that sufficient copies of data forms are reproduced and
provided to sub-teams
• Ensure that the data forms to be submitted for processing are
complete
• Prepare the WACS report
Sub-Team Leader • Coordinate with WACS team leader
• Lead the sub-team in the preparation for and execution of WACS
• Establish link and communication with cooperators and focal
persons
• Act as or coordinate with designated Site Safety Officer
• Ensure that cooperators, waste collection-in-charge, sorters and
weighers are well informed about their responsibilities and
procedures that will be followed
• Ensure that sufficient copies of data forms are available
• Ensure that all needed WACS tools and materials are available
• Ensure that data forms to be submitted for processing are
complete
• Ensure that the site is cleaned after the sorting activity and that all
sorting tools are accounted for at the end of each day
• Assist the team leader in preparation of the WACS report
Logistics-in- • Provide the needed WACS tools and materials, and ensure the
Charge proper distribution to team members or sub-team coordinators
• Help identify the appropriate sorting areas and ensure that the
areas are in order prior to actual sorting activity
• Assist in coordinating with authorities or focal persons
• Secure appropriate waste collection vehicles (as needed)
• Ensure the presence of first aider at the sorting site and establish a
procedure in dealing with accidents and other health-related cases
• Ensure that the WACS team members is provided with clean
water supply and food
Data Processor • Prepare the needed WACS sample worksheets
• Conduct processing of data based on generated summary tables

22
 Designation Key Functions
• Clarify with data encoder any potential issues on data generated
• Discuss with team leader and sub-team leaders the outputs of the
study
Data Encoder • Assist the data processor in the preparation of needed WACS
sample worksheets
• Collect completed field data entry forms daily and maintain a
record of collected forms during the study period
• Clarify accuracy of handwritten notes with recorders
• Encode data from individual data entry form into the Excel
worksheets
Waste Collection- • Assist sub-team leader in preparing for waste collection and
in-Charge disposal plan
• Ensure that collection vehicle is in good running condition for the
duration of the activity
• Ensure that the collection of wastes from the generator is done
efficiently
• Ensure that all wastes at the WACS site are properly disposed of
at the end of each day
Sorters • Ensure that the sorting areas are in order before starting any work
• Ensure that the segregation of waste is done properly
• Orient other persons involved in the sorting activity on proper
waste segregation
• Ensure that at the end of the sorting activity, sorted wastes are
brought to the designated area for proper disposal
• Help in the cleaning of sorting area and WACS tools
• Keep all the sorting tools in the proper storage area
Scalers • Provide consistent reading of weights and estimation of volume
of different waste materials
• Work closely with recorder to make sure that data recorded are
accurate
Recorders • Ensure that data recorded are accurate and clearly written
• Ensure that all data entry forms are submitted to Sub-Team
Leaders at the end of each day
Site Safety Officer • Ensure that all WACS team members are provided with
information and training on WACS prior to actual waste
characterization activity
• Ensure a safe and secured workplace for waste characterization
activity
• Ensure that the WACS team members are provided with personal
protective equipment (PPE) and that PPE are properly use
throughout the actual waste characterization activity
First Aider • Provide immediate assistance to WACS team members in cases
of accidents or injuries during the actual conduct of WACS
1

23
1 Table 2. Collaborating agencies and the assistance they can provide for the WACS activity
2 (Edit the list of collaborating agencies and their roles as needed)
COLLABORATING
OFFICES/AGENCIES
1. Barangay Officials
2. Business Permits and Licensing
Office
3. Market Administrator
4. Municipal/City Tourism Office
5. Tourist Associations/
Organizations
6. DepED, CHED
7. Municipal/City Planning and
Development Office
8. Municipal/City Health Office
9. Municipal/City Agricultural
Office
10. PEMO-DENR, EMB-DENR
11. DOST-PSTC, DOST-REGION,
DOST-ITDI
ROLES
• Provide data on population, households, establishments,
and institutions
• Provide spot map and assist in identifying cooperators
• Provide vehicles (if available)
• Assist in coordination with authorities
• Assign staff to help in the WACS activity
• Provide the number and list of registered establishments
• Provide information on the schedule of waste collection
• Assist in the coordination of waste collection and
characterization in the market
• Provide data on hotel list, occupancy, and size
• Assist in identifying cooperators in the tourism industry
• Provide list of schools, and number of students and
employees
• Provide maps and other data on Institutional Offices
• Provide data on list of hospitals, clinics and health
centers
• Provide data related to agricultural industries
• Technical assistance
• Technical assistance
24
 1 3. DESCRIPTION of SAMPLING AREA
2
3 3.1. Households
4 <Municipality/City name> is a <class level> Municipality/City and composed of <total number>
5 barangays. These include <number> urban barangays, <number> rural barangays in the main land
6 and <number> island rural barangays. Table 3 shows the names of these barangays and the <year>
7 population and number of households.
8
9 Table 3. Population and Number of Households per Barangay (reference source, year)
10 (Edit the table as needed)
11
Name of Barangay Population Number of Households
Urban Barangays
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12

Rural Barangays (Mainland)

13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18
19.

Rural Barangays (Island)

20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
TOTAL

25
1 Existing Solid Waste Management facilities in <Municipality/City> include <mention existing
2 SWM facilities and their location, e.g. Materials Recovery Facilities, sanitary landfill, residual
3 containment area, etc.>. Figure 2 shows the map of <Municipality/City> showing the barangay
4 boundaries and solid waste management facilities.
5
6 Figure 2. Map of <Municipality/City> showing the barangay boundaries and solid waste
7 management facilities
8
9

26
1 3.2. Non-Households
2 <Briefly describe the major establishments or sectors in the municipality/city. Also mention the
3 major crops cultivated and land area covered.> Table 4 shows the number of establishments,
4 institutions, and other waste generators in <name of Municipality/City> (reference source, year).
5
6 Table 4. Number of Establishments and Institutions
7
Classification/ Total Number
Category Subcategory Types
Stratification (per classification)
Commercial General Malls/department Mega Mall
merchandise stores Super Regional
Regional Malls
Sub-Regional
Malls
Neighborhood
Grocery stores Large
Med
Small
Hardware stores Large
Med
Small
Convenience stores
Food Restaurants fast food
establishments casual
fine dining
Coffee shops
Cafeteria
Day & Night Clubs
Bar & Cocktail lounges
Food stalls
Other eating & drinking
places
Hotels Hotels/Resorts/Apartelle Five star
Four star
Three star
Two star
One star
Dorm/Boarding house Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Others (specify)
Market Main public market
Main private market
Food terminal
Satellite market/talipapa
Wet market

27
 Classification/ Total Number
Category Subcategory Types
Stratification (per classification)
Dry market
1
Classification/Stratification
Total Number
Category Subcategory Types (Large, Med, Small,
(per classification)
Micro)
Industrial Manufacturing Food manufacturers
Beverage industries
Furniture & fixture
Rubber & Plastic products
Petroleum & other fuel
products
Textile manufacturers
Footwear, leather &
leather products
Printing & publishing
Fabricated metal products
Wearing apparel
Paper & paper products
Machinery & equipment
Transport equipment
Chemical & chemical
products
Metal industries
Non-metallic mineral
products
Miscellaneous
manufacturers (specify)
Agribusiness Agriculture (crop,
livestock, poultry)
Fishery
Forestry
Services Transport storage &
communication
Trade & repair of motor
vehicles & household
goods
Financial intermediation
Real estate renting &
business activity
Other services (specify)
2

28
 Classification/Stratification Total Number
Category Subcategory Types
(per classification)
Institutional Offices Government Offices National
Regional
Provincial
Municipal/City
Private Offices
Banks
NGOs, NGAs
Schools Day care centers
Elementary schools Mega
Large
Medium
Small
High schools Mega
Large
Medium
Small
Colleges/Universities Public -SUCs
Public -LUCs
Public -Others
Private -Sectarian
Private -Non-Sectarian
Parks Recreational centers
Parks
Cemeteries
Churches
Health- Hospitals General -Level 1
related General -Level 2
General -Level 3
Specialty
Other Health Facilities Primary Care Facility
Custodial Care Facility
Diagnostic/Therapeutic
Facility
Specialized Out-patient
Facility
Other Street
Sources sweepings
Dredged
materials
Construction
and
demolition
wastes
1

29
1 4. SELECTION and DESCRIPTION of SAMPLING POINTS
2
3 4.1. Selection of household samples
4 The household sample size (n) for the entire Municipality/City was determined using the Standard
5 formula:
6
𝑧 2 ×𝑃(1−𝑃)
𝑒2
7 𝑛= 𝑧 2 ×𝑃(1−𝑃)
1+( )
𝑒 2𝑁
8
9 Where n = household sample size of the Municipality/City
10 N = total number of households in the Municipality/City
11 z = z-value at 95% level of confidence = 1.96
12 P = standard deviation = 0.2
13 e = margin of error = 0.05
14
15 Since the total number of households in <Municipality/City> for <year> is <total household
16 number>, the sample size, n, is equivalent to <sample size> households. To get the number of
17 households per barangay, the total number of sample size is distributed proportionally according
18 to the size of households per barangay. This was determined using the following formula:
19
𝑁𝐵𝑥
20 𝑛𝐵𝑥 = 𝑛 x
𝑁
21
22 Where nBx = household sample size for Barangay X
23 n = household sample size in Municipality/City
24 NBx = number of households in Barangay X
25 N = total number of households in Municipality/City
26
27 Applying the above formula to the different barangays in <Municipality/City>, the household
28 sample size per barangay is shown in Table 5.
29
30

30
1 Table 5. Sample Size for Households
2 (Edit the table based on the actual number of barangays in the municipality/city)
3
Number of
Barangays Population Sample Size
Households
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
TOTAL
4

31
1 <If clustering will be done due to resource and time constraints, discuss which barangays will be
2 clustered and the basis of clustering, e.g. similar social, economic and demographic features.>
3
4 Sample households (or cooperators) will be selected using systematic method with the following
5 formula:
6
𝐻𝐻
7 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑐 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 =
𝑛
8
9 where HH = total number of households
10 n = household sample size
11
12 Based from the above formula, every <number of intervalth> household will be selected as the
13 cooperator in the conduct of WACS. In case the <number of intervalth> household is not available
14 or unwilling to cooperate, household prior to it (prior numberth) will be considered as the
15 replacement. The complete list of households per barangay will be obtained from <source of
16 household list>.
17
18 Sample computation was done automatically using the Excel worksheet provided by ITDI-DOST.
19 Preparation of barangay worksheets for sample households, as well as Municipality/City summary
20 worksheet, was done using the Excel worksheets provided by ITDI-DOST.
21
22 4.2. Selection of non-household samples
23 For computation of sample size for non-households, standard formula, as mentioned above, was
24 also used.
25
26 Commercial Establishments
27 <Describe the significant sources of commercial wastes in the municipality/city and the number
28 of samples for WACS activity. Mention if stratification will be done for a particular type of
29 commercial establishment.>
30
31 Industrial Establishments
32 <Describe the significant sources of industrial wastes in the municipality/city and the number of
33 samples for WACS activity. Mention if stratification will be done for a particular type of industrial
34 establishment.>
35
36 Institutions
37 <Describe the significant sources of institutional wastes and the number of samples for WACS
38 activity. Mention if stratification will be done for a particular type of institution.>
39
40 Other sources
41 <Describe other waste sources and number of samples. Mention if stratification will be done for a
42 particular source.>
43
44 Table 6 shows the sample size for non-household waste generators that will be included in the
45 WACS activity. To facilitate the participation of cooperators, a letter from the Mayor, will be sent
46 to each cooperator (Figure 3).

32
1 Table 6. Sample Size for Non-Households
2
Categories Subcategories Total Sample Size
Number
Commercial General merchandise
Food establishments
Hotels
Market

Industrial Manufacturing
Agribusiness
Services

Institutions Offices
School
Parks
Churches
Health-related

Other sources Street sweepings

Dredged materials
Construction & demolition
3

33
 1 Figure 3. Letter for Cooperators for the Waste Analysis and Characterization Study (WACS)
2 Activity
3 (Edit the letter as needed)
4
5
6 Date
7
8
9 (Name of Barangay official or Establishment owner)
10 (Designation)
11 (Address)
12
13
14 Dear ___________:
15
16 We would like to inform you that our <Solid Waste Management Office> will be conducting Waste
17 Analysis and Characterization Study (WACS) on _____ to _____, <year>. The objectives of WACS
18 are to determine the 1) total amount of wastes generated in <Municipality/City> per day, and 2)
19 composition of generated wastes. WACS data will serve as the basis for updating the 10-year Solid
20 Waste Management Plan of <Municipality/City>.
21
22 In this connection, we would like to request your full cooperation and assistance during our waste
23 characterization study. We would appreciate it very much if you would assign representative(s)
24 from your office for the said activity. For inquiries, you can contact ________________ at
25 <contact number>.
26
27
28 Thank you very much.
29
30
31 Very truly yours,
32
33 (Mayor’s name)
34 Mayor
35 (Municipality/City)

34
 1 5. WASTE COLLECTION PROCEDURES
2
3 Prior to actual WACS, needed materials and tools will be prepared and provided to the WACS
4 team. WACS tools and materials mainly composed of personal protective equipment, sorting and
5 measuring tools, cleaning tools, personal hygiene supplies, emergency equipment, and
6 documentation supplies. Detailed list of WACS tools and materials, including sorting site
7 requirement, is shown in Table 7.
8
9 Table 7. WACS tools and materials, and site requirement
10
Items Description Quantity
I. Measuring tools
1
2
II. Sorting tools
1
2
3
III. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
1
2
3
4
IV. Documentation and Data Processing Supplies
1
2
3
4
V. Personal hygiene supplies & Emergency kits
1
2
3
VI. Cleaning tools
1
2
3
VII. Site requirements
1
2
3
VIII. Others
1
2
3

35
 1 Waste collection procedures will be based on Section 21 of RA 9003, i.e. mandatory segregation
2 of solid wastes at source. Identified cooperators in the WACS will be encouraged to segregate
3 their wastes into biodegradable, recyclable, residual, and special (NSWMC, RA 9003).
4
5 Sample households shall be provided with four (4) distinct containers or bags, each representing
6 the waste components (biodegradable, recyclable, residual, and special). Cooperators will be
7 oriented on their roles and responsibilities, particularly on what wastes should be placed inside the
8 appropriate container. Moreover, they will be instructed NOT to: 1) mix wastes from other waste
9 sources, other than their own generated wastes, 2) conduct general cleaning, and 3) divert any
10 recyclables from the waste sample. Each sample household will be given an informed consent
11 (Figure 4) for them to sign. The content of the informed consent will be explained during the
12 WACS orientation.
13
14 Cooperators from non-household waste generators will also be oriented on their roles and
15 responsibilities. They will be instructed to segregate their own wastes daily for the whole WACS
16 activity and if possible, provide the needed data for each waste component.
17
18 Wastes from public market, and other public areas, if mixed, will be subjected to coning and
19 quartering (ASTM D5231-92). Representative wastes shall then be subjected to physical sorting
20 and determination of bulk density (ASTM E1109-18).
21
22 WACS will be done for <number of days> days. Wastes from cooperators will be collected daily
23 during the WACS period, i.e. <specify the dates> with <day> as ordinary day, <day> as the market
24 day, and <day> as the weekend.
25
26
27 6. WASTE HANDLING PROCEDURES
28
29 All samples will be weighed and recorded in kilograms (kg) up to 1/10th decimal (0.0) place. Bulk
30 density will be expressed in kg per cubic metre (kg/m3). Waste sorters will ensure that wastes are
31 classified accordingly to component type, i.e. biodegradable, recyclable, residual with potential
32 for recycling, residual for outright disposal, and special. Table 8 shows the waste component
33 categories and subcategories.
34
35 In determining the net weight of sample wastes, tare weights of each container will be deducted
36 from the gross weight (weight of waste and container). Tare weights of containers will be recorded
37 and written in non-erasable ink on a masking tape and attached to that container. Recorders and
38 scalers will be guided accordingly to avoid mistake of recording the wrong weight.
39
40 At the end of each sampling day, all wastes will be disposed of properly. WACS sorting site will
41 be cleaned well, and tools will be kept in proper storage area.

36
 1 Figure 4. Informed Consent for WACS
2 (Edit the form as needed)
3
4
5
6 WACS Participant Informed Consent Form
7 I have read and understand the information about the Waste Analysis Characterization Study (WACS) to
8 be conducted in ___________________________________________ from ____________________ and
9 I have been given the opportunity to ask questions about it and all my questions have been answered to my
10 satisfaction.
11 I understand that all personal data collected will remain confidential and that any resulting publication will
12 maintain my anonymity.
13 I understand that I will be given a copy of this form, and the WACS team will keep another copy on file.
14 My participation is completely voluntary and there is no cost or compensation associated with my
15 participation in this study.
16 I, along with the WACS member, agree to sign and date this informed consent form.
17
18 Print Name of Participant_____________________
19 Signature of Participant ______________________
20 Date _____________________________________
21 Day/month/year
22
23 Print Name of WACS member__________________
24 Signature of WACS member ___________________
25 Date ______________________________________
26 Day/month/year
27
28 [If the participant is illiterate 1]
29 I have witnessed the accurate reading of the consent form to the potential participant, and the individual
30 has had the opportunity to ask questions. I confirm that the individual has given consent freely.
31 Print name of witness______________________
32 Signature of witness _______________________
33 Date ___________________________________
34 Day/month/year
35
36 1 A literate witness must sign (if possible, this person should be selected by the participant and should have no connection to the
37 research team).

37
1 Table 8. Waste component categories and subcategories
2

Waste Category Subcategory

Food/kitchen waste
Garden/park waste
BIODEGRADABLES Agri/Farm waste
Livestock wastes
Paper (white paper, cardboards, cartons, newspaper,
textbooks, magazine, pamphlets, mixed paper, etc.)
Plastics (PET bottles, beverage jugs, PVC pipes,
squeezable bottles/tubes, microwavable containers,
RECYCLABLES pails/chairs, styrofoam, plastic trays & cutlery, others)
Glass (bottles, flat glass, cullets)
Metals (tin cans, aluminum cans & trays, copper tubes
and wires, steel)
Flexible plastics: Pouches, sachets, wrappers, tarpaulins,
RESIDUALS with drinking straw, grocery/food bags
POTENTIAL Leather
for RECYCLING Rubber (slippers, mats)
Textile (rags)
Sanitary composites (napkins, diapers, soiled tissue
paper)
RESIDUALS for DISPOSAL Soiled paper (coated paper, food contaminated paper)
Soiled plastics (labo, etc.)
Others: Cigarette butts, etc.
Hazardous waste (WEEE, pesticide and cleaning
containers, paint & chemical containers, etc)
Healthcare waste from hospitals (gloves, masks,
SPECIAL WASTES
syringes, expired medicines, etc.)
Bulky waste (bulky yard waste, rubber tires,
construction/demolition/disaster debris)
3

38
 1 7. HEALTH and SAFETY
2
3 The handling of municipal solid wastes poses potential health and safety issues. As such, it is
4 important that all personnel, including cooperators, should be familiar with the hazards of solid
5 wastes. Listed below is the health and safety guideline in the conduct of WACS (DENR and ADB,
6 2003).
7
8
9 Health and Safety Guideline
10
11 1. All team members should have attended the WACS orientation/training prior to actual conduct
12 of WACS. All members should be familiar with the potential health hazards during WACS
13 activity.
14 2. All members should wear proper personal protective gears throughout the duration of WACS
15 activity. The following work attire is mandatory: long sleeve shirt, full length pants, boots or
16 safety shoes, gloves, and masks. The following attire is strongly recommended and may be
17 required depending on site conditions: eye protection, hard hats, and safety vests.
18 3. Pregnant women and those with open wounds should not be allowed to participate in WACS
19 activities. Likewise, those under the influence of intoxicants, narcotics, or controlled
20 substances are prohibited to join the activity.
21 4. Smoking, drinking, or eating is only allowed in designated area. Avoid any practice that may
22 increase the probability of hand-to-mouth transfer and ingestion of waste materials.
23 5. Proper care must be taken to avoid contact with hazardous or contaminated or potentially
24 contaminated substances. Report all suspicious or potentially dangerous wastes to the team
25 leader prior to handling or sorting.
26 6. Stay within the designated work site. Always ask permission to the WACS coordinator or
27 team leader before leaving the site.
28 7. All injuries must be reported directly to the first-aider or safety officer for proper emergency
29 procedures.
30 8. Always use tongs during waste sorting. Never dig into the pile with your hands.
31 9. The following equipment should be available during the sorting activity: first aid kit, fire
32 extinguisher.

39
1 8. RECORD KEEPING and REPORTING PROCEDURES
2
3 Raw data of waste components collected during the WACS activity will be recorded in the
4 appropriate data sheet (Table 9). Raw data will, in turn, be encoded into an Excel or any
5 spreadsheet file. The following parameters will be obtained after data processing: total waste
6 generation per day, waste component generation per day, percent composition of solid waste, per
7 capita waste generation, and bulk density of waste.
8
9 Table 9. Waste Components Data Sheet

40
1 9. SCHEDULE of ACTIVITIES
2 (Indicate the months of WACS schedule and shade the boxes for every activity)
3
Month 1 Month 2 Month 3
ACTIVITIES
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1. PLANNING & PREPARATION
1.1. Planning & collection of preliminary
information
1.2. Formation & training of WACS team
1.3. Coordination with authorities &
collaborators
1.4. Preparation of WACS tools & materials
1.5. Identification & coordination with
sample households & non-households
1.6. WACS orientation for households,
non-households, other WACS team
members
2. ACTUAL WACS
o HOUSEHOLDS
o NON-HOUSEHOLDS
• Commercial
• Industrial
• Institutions
• Other sources
3. DATA PROCESSING
4. REPORT PREPARATION
4
5
6 10. LINE-ITEM-BUDGET
7 (Follow your Institution’s LIB format and guidelines in preparing LIB)
8
LINE ITEM COST (P)
1. Personal Services (specify no. of staff involved and
other details)
2. Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses (MOOE)
2.1. Supplies and materials
2.2. Traveling costs
2.3. Printing expenses
2.4. Representation expenses
2.5. Other MOOE (specify)
3. Capital Outlay (specify equipment and specifications)
TOTAL
9

41
 1 11. REFERENCES
2
3 ASTM D5231-92(2016), Standard Test Method for Determination of the Composition of
4 Unprocessed Municipal Solid Waste, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016,
5 www.astm.org
6
7 ASTM E1109-18, Standard Test Method for Determining the Bulk Density of Solid Waste
8 Fractions, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2018, www.astm.org
9
10 DENR and ADB. 2003. Waste Analysis and Characterization Study (WACS). Report No: 3. ADB
11 TA 3848-PHI: Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project. AEA Technology
12
13 EcoGov Project 2011. Waste Analysis and Characterization Study – A Manual. Philippine
14 Environmental Governance Project, Pasig City, Philippines

15 NSWMC. Guidelines for the conduct of waste analysis and characterization study on Municipal Solid
16 Wastes (Draft). NSWMC, Q.C. 2020

17 National Solid Waste Management Commission (n.d.). Republic Act 9003 and its Implementing
18 Rules and Regulations (IRR): The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000.

42
 1 ANNEX E
2 WACS Participant Informed Consent Form
3
4 I have read and understand the information about the Waste Analysis Characterization Study to be
5 conducted in ___________________________________________ from ____________________ and I
6 have been given the opportunity to ask questions about it and all my questions have been answered to my
7 satisfaction.
8
9 I understand that all personal data collected will remain confidential and that any resulting publication
10 will maintain my anonymity.
11
12 I understand that I will be given a copy of this form, and the WACS team will keep another copy on file.
13 My participation is completely voluntary and there is no cost or compensation associated with my
14 participation in this study.
15
16 I, along with the WACS member, agree to sign and date this informed consent form.
17
18 Print Name of Participant_____________________
19 Signature of Participant ______________________
20 Date _____________________________________
21 Day/month/year
22
23 Print Name of WACS member__________________
24 Signature of WACS member ___________________
25 Date ______________________________________
26 Day/month/year
27
28 [If the participant is illiterate 1]
29 I have witnessed the accurate reading of the consent form to the potential participant, and the individual
30 has had the opportunity to ask questions. I confirm that the individual has given consent freely.
31 Print name of witness______________________
32 Signature of witness _______________________
33 Date ___________________________________
34 Day/month/year
35
36 1 A literate witness must sign (if possible, this person should be selected by the participant and should have no connection to the
37 research team).

43
1 ANNEX F
2 Roles and Responsibilities of WACS Team Leader and Members
3
Designation Key Functions
Team Leader • Coordinate with M/CENRO-designate and Solid Waste Management
Officers
• Lead the team in the preparation for and execution of WACS
• Establish link and communication with resource persons and organizations
• Ensure that both cooperators and WACS team members are well informed
about their responsibilities and procedures that will be followed
• Act as or designate Site Safety Officer during the WACS activity
• Ensure that sufficient copies of data forms are reproduced and provided to
sub-teams
• Ensure that the data forms to be submitted for processing are complete
• Prepare the WACS report
Sub-Team Leader • Coordinate with WACS team leader
• Lead the sub-team in the preparation for and execution of WACS
• Establish link and communication with cooperators and focal persons
• Act as or coordinate with designated Site Safety Officer
• Ensure that cooperators, waste collection-in-charge, sorters and weighers
are well informed about their responsibilities and procedures that will be
followed
• Ensure that sufficient copies of data forms are available
• Ensure that all needed WACS tools and materials are available
• Ensure that data forms to be submitted for processing are complete
• Ensure that the site is cleaned after the sorting activity and that all sorting
tools are accounted for at the end of each day
• Assist the Team Leader in preparation of the WACS report
Logistics-in- • Provide the needed WACS tools and materials, and ensure the proper
Charge distribution to team or sub-team coordinators
• Help identify the appropriate sorting areas and ensure that the areas are in
order prior to actual sorting activity
• Assist in coordinating with authorities or focal persons
• Secure appropriate waste collection vehicles (as needed)
• Ensure the presence of first aider at the sorting site and establish a
procedure in dealing with accidents and other health-related cases
• Ensure that the WACS team is provided with clean water supply and food
Data Processor • Prepare the needed WACS sample worksheets
• Conduct processing of data based on generated summary tables
• Clarify with data encoder any potential issues on data generated
• Discuss with Team Leader and Sub-Team Leaders the outputs of the study
Data Encoder • Assist the data processor in the preparation of needed WACS sample
worksheets
• Collect completed field data entry forms daily and maintain a record of
collected forms during the study period
• Clarify accuracy of handwritten notes with recorders
• Encode data from individual data entry form into the Excel worksheets

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 Designation Key Functions
Waste Collection- • Assist Sub-Team Leader in preparing for waste collection and disposal
in-charge plan
• Ensure that collection vehicle is in good running condition for the duration
of the study
• Ensure that the collection of sample waste from the generator is done
efficiently
• Ensure that all wastes at the WACS site are properly disposed of at the end
of each day
Sorters • Ensure that the sorting areas are in order before starting any work
• Perform coning and quartering in preparation for sampling for sorting
• Ensure that the segregation of waste is done properly
• Orient other persons involved in the sorting activity on proper waste
segregation
• Ensure that at the end of the sorting activity, sorted wastes are brought to
the designated area for proper disposal
• Help in the cleaning of sorting area and WACS tools
• Keep all the sorting tools in the proper storage area
Scalers • Provide consistent reading of weights and estimation of volume of
different waste materials
• Work closely with recorder to make sure that data recorded are accurate
Recorders • Ensure that data recorded are accurate and clearly written
• Ensure that all data entry forms are submitted to Sub-Team Leaders at the
end of each day
Site Safety Officer • Ensure that all WACS Team members are provided with information and
training on WACS prior to actual waste characterization activity
• Ensure a safe and secured workplace for waste characterization activity
• Ensure that the WACS Team members are provided with personal
protective equipment (PPE) and that PPE are properly use throughout the
actual waste characterization activity
First aider • Provide immediate assistance to WACS Team members in cases of
accidents or injuries during the actual conduct of WACS
1 SOURCE: DENR-ADB (2003). Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project Report No.3 WACS

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1 ANNEX G
2 Bulk Densities of Various Materials
3
Components Condition Bulk Density, kg/m3
Aluminum cans Loose 30-44
Flattened 150
Corrugated cardboard Loose 210
Fines (dirt, etc.) Loose 325-960
Food waste Loose 130-490
Baled 600-720
Glass bottles Whole bottles 300-420
Crushed 1080-1620
Magazines Loose 480
Newsprint Loose 12-33
Baled 430-600
Office paper Loose 240
Baled 420-450
Plastic Mixed 42-130
PETE, whole 18-24
Baled 240-300
HDPE, loose 14
Flattened 40
4 Source: Worrel, William A. and Vesilind, Aarne P. Solid Waste Engineering, 2nd ed.

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1 ANNEX H
2 Sample Raw Data Forms
3
4 Waste Components Form
5

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