8in Gas Lift Lines - Rev 1

Cover Sheet For Onshore
Pipeline Wall Thickness Per ASME B31.8-2007
Calculation Summary
8in GAS LIFT LINE WALL THICKNESS CALCULATION Criticality
Calculation Title: Design Factor = 0.72
2
Level:
Calculation Aim / Objective
1) To ascertain the onshore pipeline required wall thicknesses as per ASME B31.8 - 2007.
2) To make a preliminary assessment of stress levels in buried /aboveground pipelines.
Calculation Method
1) The calculation methodology is described within ASME B31.8-2007 Clause 841.11 and the stipulations of the
Basis of Design for Pipelines.
2) The nominal wall thickness is calculated as a function of the design pressure, design temperature, pipe
outside diameter, pipe manufacture type and pipe material. A temperature derating factor is used for design
temperatures in excess of 121 deg C.
3) Design factors include allowance for pipe underthickness tolerances.
4) There is no provision for additional allowances other than corrosion.
5) All data requiring direct input are in blue and italic.
Assumptions
1) The minimum elastic radius of curvature shall not be less than 500 D.
2) The selected wall thickness shall not be less than 4.8 mm.
3) The D/tsel ratio, where "D" is the outside diameter and "tsel" the selected wall thickness shall not be less than
96 as per ref.3
4) A buried pipeline is restrained and an above-ground pipeline is un-restrained.
5) The external axial force (R) is to be assumed zero.
References
1) ASME B31.8 - 2007, Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems.
2) ISO 3183-3, 1999: Specification for Line Pipe / Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Steel Pipe for Pipeline
Transportation Systems - Part 3
3) Shell DEP 31.40.00.10 - General - Pipeline Engineering
4) Project Document No. 14.78.91.1625, Basis of Design for Pipelines.
Revision History
Self Checked In-Disipline Check Approval Check
Rev. Reason for Revision
Sign Date Sign Date Sign Date
B IFA EO 7/27/2009 RW/JH 7/27/2009 PB 7/27/2009
1 IFD EO 9/9/2009 RW/JH 9/9/2009 PB 9/9/2009
PEL-VSS-Y-0001-1 Page 1 of 27
Contents List
JOB NO: CALCULATION NO: REV:
0 0 0
CLIENT: PROJECT: DISCIPLINE:

0 0 0
CLAUSE CONTENTS LIST PAGE NO.
- CALCULATION CHECK LIST 3
1.0 INPUT - DESIGN PARAMETERS 4
2.0 WALL THICKNESS CALCULATION 5
3.0 STRESS CALCULATION - RESTRAINED PIPE (BURIED) 6
4.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS 8
Calculation Checklist
0 0 0

0 0 0
The following list must be checked and ticked by the Document Checker.
✘ Job number shown.

✘ Client name specified.
✘ Project title shown.
✘ Calculation number shown.
✘ Revision status shown.
✘ Calculation title shown.
✘ Criticality level shown.
✘ Revision history box filled and signed.
✘ Client logo display.
✘ Calculation objectives / aims stated.
✘ Calculation methodology explained or described.
✘ Assumptions stated.
✘ Results and conclusions stated.
✘ Input data checked (sections 1.0 and 2.1).
Input Data
0 0 0

0 0 0
1.0 INPUT - DESIGN PARAMETERS * Blue designates input required.
1.1 Pipeline Data Symbol Units
Fluid Transported Gas

Pipeline Installation Below Ground
Pipe Outside Diameter D 219.1 mm 8.63 in
Corrosion Allowance Ca 3.2 mm 0.126 in
Pipe Manufacture SMLS
Pipeline Material Carbon Steel
Material Grade (Ref.2) L245 API 5L B
Design Pressure P 3.14 MPa
Design Factor (Ref.1, Table 841.114 A & B) F 0.72
Max. Design Temperature T2 max 93 °C
Min. Design Temperature T2 min -3 °C
Installation Temperature T1 17 °C
Longitudinal Jnt. Factor (Ref.1, Table 841.115 A) Ew 1.0
Temp. Derating Factor (Ref.1, Table 841.116 A) T 1.00
Specified Min. Yield Strength S 245 MPa
Ultimate Tensile Strength UT 415 MPa
Gravitational Acceleration g 9.81 m/s2
Density Pipe Steel ρs 7850 kg/m3
Young's Modulus E 2.07E+05 MPa
Poisson's Ratio υ 0.3
Thermal Expansion Coefficient α 1.17E-05 1/°C
Density of Contents ρc NA kg/m3
External Axial Force R 0 kN
1.2 Above Ground Installation
Coating Thickness (Layer 1) tc1 NA mm

Coating Density (Layer 1) ρc1 NA kg/m3
Design Snow Cover Weight Wsnow NA kPa
Design Wind Load Wwind NA kPa
Pipeline Support Spacing Ls NA m
1.3 Allowable Stress Factors
Longitudinal Stress Factor (Restrained) Fdr 0.90

Combined Stress Factor (Restrained) K 0.90
Wall Thickness Calculation
0 0 0

0 0 0
2.0 WALL THICKNESS CALCULATION
Minimum Nominal Wall Thickness as PD (Eq. 2.1)

per Section 841.11 - Steel Pipe t min =
2 SFE w T
Design Formula (Ref. 1)
Nominal Wall Thickness t nom =t min +C a (Eq. 2.2)
Diameter / Thickness Ratio D (Eq. 2.3)

≤96 for pipelines on land
t sel
2.1 Results of Wall Thickness
WT (tmin) WT (tnom) WT (tsel)

D/tsel CHECK
(mm) (mm) (mm)
1.95 5.16 6.35 34.50 OK
* Blue designates input required.
Stress Calculation - Restrained Pipe
0 0 0

0 0 0
3.0 STRESS CALCULATION - RESTRAINED PIPE (BURIED)
The net longitudinal stresses in restrained S L=S P + ST + S X + S B (Eq. 3.1)

pipe as per Section 833.3 (a) & (b) - (Ref. 1)
S L≤F dr ST (Eq. 3.2)
3.1 The longitudinal stress due to internal S P =υ( S H −P ) (Eq. 3.3)

pressure as per Section 833.2 (a) - (Ref. 1)
Hoop stress as per Section PD (Eq. 3.4)

805.233 - (Ref. 1) S H=
2 ( t sel −C a )
SH = 109 MPa
SP = 32 MPa
3.2 The longitudinal stress due to thermal (Eq. 3.5)

S T =Eα ( T 1 −T 2 )
expansion as per Section 833.2 (c) - (Ref. 1)
AxialStress due to temp. (Max.) ST = -184 MPa
Total lonitudinal Stress due to Temperature

and Pressure SLA = -152
3.3 Stress due to axial loading other than R (Eq. 3.6)

thermal expansion and pressure as per S X=
As
Section 833.2 (f) - (Ref. 1)
Where:
R = External Axial Force
π 2 2
Pipe Cross-Sectional Area A s=
4
(
D −( D−2 ( t sel −Ca ) ) ) (Eq. 3.7)
As = 2137 mm2
Therefore from Eq 3.6, Sx = 0 MPa
0 0 0

0 0 0
1
3.4 Combined Stress for Restrained Pipe, (Eq. 3.8)
S eff = S 2 −S L S H + S
[ ] 2
Von Mises Equation as per Section 833.4 (a) L H2
(Ref. 1)
S eff ≤KST (Eq. 3.9)
Seff = 221
3.5 Rearranging Eq 3.8

S H ± S 2H + 4 [ S2eff −S2H ]
√
S L max =
Maximum Allowable Longitudinal Stress is 2
obtained for Tensile and Compressive conditions.
Slmax-tensile = 254
Slmax-comp = -145
Selected Allowable Longitudinal Stress. -145
Stress Available for Bending , SB S B =S L max−S LA (Eq. 3.10)
SB-tensile = 406
SB-comp. = 8
Minimum Bend Radius required; ED (Eq. 3.11)

Rmin =
2 SB
In Tension 56 m 300 D
In Compression 2961 m 13550 D
3.6 Von Mises Check Check

Tension 221 ≤ 221 MPa OK
Compression 221 ≤ 221 MPa OK
Longitudinal Stress Check as per Eq 2.2; S L≤F dr ST Check
145 ≤ 221 MPa OK
CLIENT
LOGO
0 0 0

0 0 0
1
3.6 Combined Stress for Restrained Pipe, (Eq. 3.12)
S eff = S 2 −S L S H + S
[ ] 2
Von Mises Equation as per Section 833.4 (a) L H2
(Ref. 1)
S eff ≤KST (Eq. 3.13)
Seff = 221
3.7 Rearranging Eq 3.12
S H ± S 2H +4 [ S 2eff −S 2H ]
√
Maximum Allowable Longitudinal Stress is S L=
obtained for Tensile and Compressive conditions.
2
Slmax-tensile = 254
Slmax-comp = -145
Stress Available for Bending , SLB S LB=S L max −S LA

SLB-tensile = 254
SLB-comp. = -145
Minimum Bend Radius required; ED

Rmin =
2 S LB
In Tension 89 m 500 D
In Compression 157 m 800 D
Check
Tension 221 ≤ 221 MPa OK
Compression 221 ≤ 221 MPa OK
Design Basis Check S L+ S B + S H ≤0 . 9 SMYS
Tension 363 ≤ 220.5

Compression -145 ≤ 220.5
CLIENT
LOGO
Stress Calculation - Unrestrained Pipe
0 0 0

0 0 0
4.0 STRESS CALCULATION - UNRESTRAINED PIPE (ABOVE GROUND)
Longitudinal Stress (Fully Unrestrained Pipeline)

as per Section 833.6 (a) - (Ref 1) S L=S P + S X + S B (Eq. 4.1)
S L≤F du ST (Eq. 4.2)
4.1 The longitudinal stress due to internal S P=0 .5 S H (Eq. 4.3)

pressure for Unrestrained pipeline
as per Section 833.2 (b) - (Ref. 1)
Sp = 55 MPa
4.2 Stress due to axial loading other than R (Eq. 4.4)

thermal expansion and pressure as per
S X=
As
Section 833.2 (f) - (Ref. 1)
Where:
R = External axial force
π 2 2
Pipe Cross Sectional Area A s=
4
(
D −( D−2 ( t sel −Ca ) ) ) (Eq. 4.5)
As = 2137 mm2
Therefore from Eq. 4.4, SX = 0 MPa
4.3 Nominal bending stress in straight M (Eq. 4.6)

pipe or large radius bends as per
S B=
Z
Section 833.2 (d) (Ref. 1)
4.4 Pipeline Cross Sectional Area Calculations
Pipe Cross Sectional Area π 2 (Eq. 4.7)

A s=
4
( D −( D −2t sel )2 )
As = 4244 mm2
Internal Cross Section π 2 (Eq. 4.8)

A i= ( D−2t sel )
4
Ai = 33459 mm2
CLIENT Stress Calculation - Unrestrained Pipe
LOGO
0 0 0

0 0 0
Cross Sectional Area A c = π . t c 1 ( D +t c 1 ) (Eq. 4.9)

1
Layer 1
Ac1 = #VALUE! mm2
Cross Sectional Area A c 2 =π . t c 2 ( D+ 2t c 1 +t c 2 ) (Eq. 4.10)

Layer 2
Ac2 = #VALUE! mm2
Cross Sectional Area A c 3 =π . t c 3 ( D+2t c 1 +2 t c 2 +t c 3 ) (Eq. 4.11)

Layer 3
Ac3 = #VALUE! mm2
4.5 Loading
Weight Calculations (per unit length of pipe) W =Area×Density×g (Eq. 4.12)
Weight of Steel Ws = 327 N/m
Weight of Content Wc = #VALUE! N/m
Weight of Layer 1 WL 1 = #VALUE! N/m
Weight of Snow Wsnow = #VALUE! N/m
The total vertical load is calculated by W p =W s +W c +W L1 +W L2 +W L3 +W snow (Eq. 4.13)
Wp = #VALUE! N/m
The total horizontal load is calculated by H p =W wind ( D+2 t c 1 + 2t c 2 +2 t c 3 ) (Eq. 4.14)
Hp = #VALUE! N/m
4.6 Bending Moment
Vertical Bending Moment W p ×L (Eq. 4.15)

s2
Mv=
8
Mv = #VALUE! Nm
CLIENT
LOGO
Stress Calculation - Unrestrained Pipe
0 0 0

0 0 0
Horizontal Bending Moment H p× L 2 (Eq. 4.16)

s
M H=
8
MH = #VALUE! Nm
(Eq. 4.17)
Resultant Maximum Moment
M= √ M 2v +M 2H
M = #VALUE! Nm
4.7 Stresses
Therefore, the Maximum Bending Stress as per M

S B=
Eq. 4.6 Z
SB = #VALUE! MPa
Hence, the Net Longitudional Stress is as per S L=S P + S X + S B

Eq. 4.1
SL = #VALUE! MPa
Check:
Longitudinal Stress Check as per Eq 4.2 S L≤F du ST

Check
#VALUE! ≤ #REF! MPa ###
Summary of Results
0 0 0

0 0 0
4.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS
4.1 Wall Thickness
Pipe Required WT Nominal WT Selected WT D/tsel

Check
Material tmin (mm) tnom (mm) tsel (mm) Ratio
L245 1.95 5.16 6.35 34.5 OK
4.2 Stress - Restrained Pipeline
Stress Units Calculated Value Allowable Unity Check Check
Net Longitudinal MPa 145 221 0.66 OK
Combined - Von Mises MPa 221 221 1.00 OK
Calculation Sheet
JOB NO. #REF! CALCULATION NO. REV
#REF! #REF!
CONTRACT NAME: #REF!
EQUIVALENT/LONGITUDINAL STRESS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The aim of this calculation is to determine the combined stress within the pipeline and compare it with the limits set by ASME
B31.4. This calculation is not a requirement of ASME B31.8 and is considered to be conservative but had been included for
information only.
2.0 METHOD
The equivalent stress calculation is conducted in accordance with section 419.6.4 of ASME B31.4. This section, along with the
equivalent section within B31.8, also states that the sum of the longitudinal stress due to pressure, weight, and other sustained
external loadings shall not exceed 0.75*SMYS.
Therefore the difference between 0.75*SMYS and the longitudinal expansion stress (Ref. calculation No. 8) sets the allowable
bending stress for the pipeline.
3.0 INPUT DATA

Nominal Outside Diameter OD = #REF! mm
Wall Thickness wt = #REF! mm
Corrosion Allowance Ca = #REF! mm
Internal Pressure P = #REF! MPa
Specified Min. Yield Strength SMYS = #REF! MPa
Young's Modulus E = #REF! MPa
Longitudinal Stress Limit FL = #REF! SMYS MPa
Equivalent Tensile Stress Limit FS = #REF! SMYS MPa
Longitudinal Compressive Stress sLt = #REF! MPa from longitudinal stress calc
4.0 CALCULATIONS
4.1 Equivalent Stress
Hoop Stress sh = P*OD
2*wt
= #REF! MPa
Equivalent Tensile Stress (ETS) sE = sH+sLt
for restrained pipe = #REF! MPa
ETS only has meaning for when then the longitudinal stress is in compression.
Allowable ETS = Fs*SMYS
= #REF! MPa
Actual ETS is less than Allowable ETS #REF!
Page 23 of 27
Calculation Sheet
#REF! #REF!

4.2 Allowable Longitudinal Stress
Allowable Longitudinal Stress sLA = FL*SMYS
in the tensile direction. = #REF! MPa
Allowable Longitudinal Stress sLA = ETS (allowable) - sH
in the compressive direction. = #REF! MPa
Determined from the
maximum shear stress criterion
4.3 Allowable Longitudinal Bending Stress
Allowable Compressive sB = sLA - sLt
Bending Stress = #REF! MPa
5.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS
The results of the equivalent stress calculations are summarised in the following tables:
Unit Calculated ASME B31.4 Allowable

Compressive Longitudinal Stress MPa #REF! #REF!
Ratio Compressive Long. Stress / SMYS % #REF! #REF!
ETS (restrained pipe only) MPa #REF! #REF!
Ratio ETS / SMYS % #REF! #REF!
Allowable Bending Stress (MPa) MPa #REF! N/A
Page 24 of 27
Calculation Sheet
#REF!
PIPELINE STABILITY
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The aim of this calculation is to determine the stability of the pipeline through water course crossings. It should be
noted that this calculation does not take into account the flowing velocity of the river/water course.
2.0 METHOD
The method used to determine the vertical stability of the pipeline through water courses is to calculate the total
weight of the pipeline and compare it with the weight of the external fluid (water) it would displace. In order for
the pipeline to be considered stable, the pipeline weight must be 10% greater than the weight of the water
displaced.
The above method is overly conservative as it considers a pipeline free floating in water. In reality the pipeline lays
in a trench covered by soil which will provide a hold down force to prevent floatation. This force is calculated by
determining the submerged weight of soil above the pipeline.
3.0 INPUT DATA

Class 1 Class 2
Nom. Pipe Outside Diameter OD = #REF! #REF! mm
Specified Wall Thickness t = #REF! 16.0 mm
Concrete Coating Thickness tc = #REF! #REF! mm
Density Concrete Dc = #REF! #REF! N/m3
Corrosion Coating Thickness tr = #REF! #REF! mm
Corrosion Coating Density Dr = #REF! #REF! N/m3
Density External Fluid (Water) De = #REF! #REF! N/m3
Density Pipe Contents (Empty) Di = #REF! #REF! N/m3
Density Pipe Steel Ds = #REF! #REF! N/m3
Density Soil Dg = #REF! #REF! N/m3
Density of Liquified Soil DL = #REF! #REF! N/m3
Stability Requirement Sm = #REF! #REF!
Depth of Cover H = #REF! #REF! m
4.0 CALCULATIONS
4.1 Weight of Pipeline Class 1 Class 2
Cross-sectional area Steel As = pi()*(OD^2-(OD-2*t)^2)
4
= #REF! #REF! m2
Weight of steel Ws = As*Ds
= #REF! #REF! N/m
Cross-sectional area - internal Ai = pi()*(OD-2*t)^2
4
Page 25 of 27
Calculation Sheet
#REF!

= #REF! #REF! m2
Weight of pipe contents Wi = Ai*Di

= #REF! #REF! N/m
Corrosion Coating Outside Diam ODr OD + 2*tr
#REF! #REF! m
Concrete Coating Outside Diam. ODc = ODr + 2*tc
= #REF! #REF! m
Cross-sectional area - corr coating Ar = pi()*(ODr^2 -OD^2)
4
= #REF! #REF! m2
Cross-sectional area - conc. coating Ac = pi()*(ODc^2 -ODr^2)
4
= #REF! #REF! m2
Weight of Corrosion coating Wr = Ar*Dr
= #REF! #REF! N/m
Weight of concrete coating Wc = Ac*Dc
= #REF! #REF! N/m
Total Weight of Pipeline Wt = Ws+Wi+Wr+Wc
= #REF! #REF! N/m
4.2 Pipeline Buoyancy in Water Class 1 Class 2
Cross-sectional area - pipe At = pi()*ODc^2
and coatings 4
= #REF! #REF! m2
Weight of displaced fluid We = At*De
= #REF! #REF! N/m
Required Total Weight Br = Sm*We
= #REF! #REF! N/m
Pipeline Buoyancy, open trench Bp = Wt-Br
= #REF! #REF! N/m
Cross-sectional area of trench Ad = ODc*H
= #REF! #REF! m2
Submerged weight of soil Wg = Ad*(Dg-De)
= #REF! #REF! N/m
Pipeline Buoyancy, buried Bs = (Wg+Wt)-Br
= #REF! #REF! N/m
4.3 Pipeline Buoyancy in Liquified Soils
Weight of displaced fluid Wm = At*DL
Page 26 of 27
Calculation Sheet
#REF!

= #REF! #REF! N/m
Required Buoyancy Bm = Sm*Wm
= #REF! #REF! N/m
Pipeline Buoyancy, liquified soil BL = Wt-Bm+Wg

= #REF! #REF! N/m
5.0 Summary of Results
The results of the stability calculations for Class 1 and Class 2 are detailed in the following tables:
CLASS 1
Variable Req'd Weight Resultant Buoyancy
Pipeline Buoyancy, open (N/m) #REF! #REF!
Pipeline Buoyancy, buried (N/m) #REF! #REF!
Pipeline Buoyancy, liq soil (N/m) #REF! #REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
CLASS 2
Variable Req'd Weight Resultant Buoyancy
Pipeline Buoyancy, open (N/m) #REF! #REF!
Pipeline Buoyancy, buried (N/m) #REF! #REF!
Pipeline Buoyancy, liq soil (N/m) #REF! #REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
Page 27 of 27

8in Gas Lift Lines - Rev 1

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Cover Sheet For Onshore

Pipeline Wall Thickness Per ASME B31.8-2007

CLIENT: PROJECT: DISCIPLINE:

CLAUSE CONTENTS LIST PAGE NO.

- CALCULATION CHECK LIST 3

1.0 INPUT - DESIGN PARAMETERS 4

2.0 WALL THICKNESS CALCULATION 5

3.0 STRESS CALCULATION - RESTRAINED PIPE (BURIED) 6

4.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS 8

CLIENT: PROJECT: DISCIPLINE:

✘ Job number shown.

CLIENT: PROJECT: DISCIPLINE:

1.0 INPUT - DESIGN PARAMETERS * Blue designates input required.

1.1 Pipeline Data Symbol Units

Fluid Transported Gas

1.2 Above Ground Installation

Coating Thickness (Layer 1) tc1 NA mm

1.3 Allowable Stress Factors

Longitudinal Stress Factor (Restrained) Fdr 0.90

CLIENT: PROJECT: DISCIPLINE:

2.0 WALL THICKNESS CALCULATION

Minimum Nominal Wall Thickness as PD (Eq. 2.1)

Nominal Wall Thickness t nom =t min +C a (Eq. 2.2)

Diameter / Thickness Ratio D (Eq. 2.3)

2.1 Results of Wall Thickness

WT (tmin) WT (tnom) WT (tsel)

1.95 5.16 6.35 34.50 OK

* Blue designates input required.

CLIENT: PROJECT: DISCIPLINE:

3.0 STRESS CALCULATION - RESTRAINED PIPE (BURIED)

The net longitudinal stresses in restrained S L=S P + ST + S X + S B (Eq. 3.1)

S L≤F dr ST (Eq. 3.2)

3.1 The longitudinal stress due to internal S P =υ( S H −P ) (Eq. 3.3)

Hoop stress as per Section PD (Eq. 3.4)

3.2 The longitudinal stress due to thermal (Eq. 3.5)

AxialStress due to temp. (Max.) ST = -184 MPa

Total lonitudinal Stress due to Temperature

3.3 Stress due to axial loading other than R (Eq. 3.6)

CLIENT: PROJECT: DISCIPLINE:

S eff ≤KST (Eq. 3.9)

3.5 Rearranging Eq 3.8

Selected Allowable Longitudinal Stress. -145

Stress Available for Bending , SB S B =S L max−S LA (Eq. 3.10)

Minimum Bend Radius required; ED (Eq. 3.11)

In Compression 2961 m 13550 D

3.6 Von Mises Check Check

Longitudinal Stress Check as per Eq 2.2; S L≤F dr ST Check

145 ≤ 221 MPa OK

CLIENT: PROJECT: DISCIPLINE:

S eff ≤KST (Eq. 3.13)

3.7 Rearranging Eq 3.12

Stress Available for Bending , SLB S LB=S L max −S LA

Minimum Bend Radius required; ED

In Compression 157 m 800 D

Design Basis Check S L+ S B + S H ≤0 . 9 SMYS

Tension 363 ≤ 220.5

CLIENT: PROJECT: DISCIPLINE:

4.0 STRESS CALCULATION - UNRESTRAINED PIPE (ABOVE GROUND)

Longitudinal Stress (Fully Unrestrained Pipeline)

S L≤F du ST (Eq. 4.2)

4.1 The longitudinal stress due to internal S P=0 .5 S H (Eq. 4.3)

4.2 Stress due to axial loading other than R (Eq. 4.4)