Calculation Cover Sheet

Anchor Flange Force

Customer N/A Proj No N/A

Project Title TBA Calc No N/A
Calculation Title Anchor flange force Phase/CTR N/A
Elec File Location
'file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/551161170.xls'#$Cover Sheet
Project File Location Page 1 of 4
Calculation Objective
To determine the force on an anchor flange for use in design of the flange and anchor block.

Calculation Method
The spreadhseet uses the formula presented in a paper by Peng published in Pipe Line Industry in 1978. The longitudinal stress is equal
to the longitudinal component of pressure stress minus the longitudinal stress from temperature thermal expansion and the poisson
effect from the hoop stress. Anchor force equals the longitudinal stress multiplied by the cross sectional area of the pipe. Note that the
formulae presented in "Pipeline Rules of Thumb Hanbook" utilise the internal diameter when calculating the hoop stress and cross
sectional area of the pipe and therefore give slightly different results. The Peng paper uses outside diameter (Barlow formula). As the
Barlow forlmula is more conservative and is specified in AS2885 for hoop stress, it has been adopted for this calculation in the final
excel template.

Assumptions
1) CTE = 1.17 x 10-5 mm/mm/°C
2) Elastic Modulus = 192 GPa

References
1) Paper "Stress Analysis methods for underground pipe lines" Peng
2) AS 2885.1 -2007: Pipelines - Gas and Liquid Petroleum

Conclusions
The spreadsheet concurs with the Peng result for the example given in the paper.

A Issued for Review

002-000-PDF-566 (015311) EPF-0027
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Rev 2 (5-Mar-07)
 Rev Date Description By Checked Approved

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 Calculation Checklist
Customer N/A Proj No N/A
Project Title TBA Calc No N/A
Calculation Title Anchor flange force Phase/CTR N/A
Elec File Location
'file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/551161170.xls'#$Cover Sheet
Project File Location Page 2 of 4
Please check boxes for all applicable items checked or delete if not appropriate:
Calculations:
Calculation number assigned and registered (refer to project numbering system or Document Numbering System
EPP-0040 for format).
Project title shown.
Calculation title shown.
Revision history box complete and signed.
Index.
Appropriate stamp for preliminary issues.
Calculation objectives (aims) stated.
Calculation method defined or described (including formulae if relevant).
Reference made to text, standard or code. Check version/edition with that required for project.
Source of input data stated (with revision number and date if relevant).
Assumptions stated.
Summary of results or conclusions if appropriate.
For software based calculations, reference to software verification if available.
Approach used is appropriate for problem being solved.
Method clear and easy to follow.
Input data correct.
Calculation arithmetically correct OR software previously verified and reference to verification checked.
Calculation result within expected limits.
Calculation tolerances stated if significant.
Units used as required by client.
Abbreviations correct.
Appropriate cross-references.
Sketches included and clearly labeled, where required.
Appendices included and referenced, as required.
Considered design reviews, Hazop actions, client input, safety and environmental issues, etc.
Checking Records:
Checked and annotated copy of calculation filed (use "Check Print" stamp).
Corrections made as required and calculation dated and signed on cover sheet by checker.
Revisions:
Changes clouded.
Revision history block updated.
Calculation re-checked if required.

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A Issued for Review 0 30-Dec-99
Rev Date Description By Checked Approved

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Rev 2 (5-Mar-07)
 Calculation Sheet

Customer N/A Proj No N/A

Project Title TBA Calc No N/A
Calculation Title Anchor flange force Phase/CTR N/A
Elec File Location
'file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/551161170.xls'#$Cover Sheet
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Index

1 Cover Sheet

2 Calculation Checklist

3 Index

5 Calculation

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Rev 2 (5-Mar-07)
 Calculation Sheet

Customer N/A Proj No N/A

Project Title TBA Calc No N/A
Calculation Title Anchor flange force Phase/CTR N/A
Elec File Location
'file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/551161170.xls'#$Cover Sheet
Project File Location 0 Page 4 of 4
Rev Date By Checked Rev Date By Checked Rev Date By Checked

0 0 30-12-99 0 0 0 30-12-99 0 0

Formula
For buried pipeline, the Anchor Longitudinal Stress and Force due to internal pressure & thermal restraint can be
calculated from the following emprical equation:

F = SAL x A SAL = 0.2 x Sh + E x CTE x ( T2 - T1 )

where
F = Anchor force (N)
SAL = Anchor longitudional stress ( MPa )
A = Metal cross sectional area of pipe ( mm2 )
Sh = Hoop stress ( MPa )
E = Elastic modulus ( figure of 192 GPa has been used )
CTE = Coefficient of thermal expansion ( figure of 1.17 x 10-5 mm/mm/deg C has been
used, equates to 6.5x10-6 in/in/deg F )

T2 = Operating temperature ( deg C )

T1 = Installation temperature ( deg C )

Input
Metal area of pipe A = 9843 mm2 Pipe outside diameter D = 219.10 mm.
Hoop stress Sh = 212.97 MPa Pipe thickness T = 14.30 mm.
Operating temperature T2 = 58.0 O
C Design pressure P = 27.80 MPa
Installation temperature T1 = 21 O
C Elastic modulus E = 203 GPa
Thermal Exp. Coeff. CTE = 1.17E-05 mm/mm/°C

Results

ANCHOR LONG. STRESS SAL = 130.65 MPa

ANCHOR FORCE F = 1286 kN

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 Calculation Sheet

Customer N/A Proj No N/A

Project Title TBA Calc No N/A
Calculation Title Anchor flange force Phase/CTR N/A
Elec File Location
'file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/551161170.xls'#$Cover Sheet
Project File Location 0 Page 4 of 4
Rev Date By Checked Rev Date By Checked Rev Date By Checked

0 0 30-12-99 0 0 0 30-12-99 0 0

Formula
For buried pipeline, the Anchor Longitudinal Stress and Force due to internal pressure & thermal restraint can be
calculated from the following emprical equation:

F = SAL x A SAL = 0.2 x Sh + E x CTE x ( T2 - T1 )

where
F = Anchor force (N)
SAL = Anchor longitudional stress ( MPa )
A = Metal cross sectional area of pipe ( mm2 )
Sh = Hoop stress ( MPa )
E = Elastic modulus ( figure of 192 GPa has been used )
CTE = Coefficient of thermal expansion ( figure of 1.17 x 10-5 mm/mm/deg C has been
used, equates to 6.5x10-6 in/in/deg F )

T2 = Operating temperature ( deg C )

T1 = Installation temperature ( deg C )

Input
Metal area of pipe A = 7402 mm2 Pipe outside diameter D = 168.30 mm.
Hoop stress Sh = 167.10 MPa Pipe thickness T = 14.00 mm.
Operating temperature T2 = 75.0 O
C Design pressure P = 27.80 MPa
Installation temperature T1 = 21 O
C Elastic modulus E = 203 GPa
Thermal Exp. Coeff. CTE = 1.17E-05 mm/mm/°C

Results

ANCHOR LONG. STRESS SAL = 161.93 MPa

ANCHOR FORCE F = 1199 kN

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 Calculation Sheet

Customer N/A Proj No N/A

Project Title TBA Calc No N/A
Calculation Title Anchor flange force Phase/CTR N/A
Elec File Location
'file:///conversion/tmp/activity_task_scratch/551161170.xls'#$Cover Sheet
Project File Location 0 Page 4 of 4
Rev Date By Checked Rev Date By Checked Rev Date By Checked

0 0 30-12-99 0 0 0 30-12-99 0 0

Formula
For buried pipeline, the Anchor Longitudinal Stress and Force due to internal pressure & thermal restraint can be
calculated from the following emprical equation:

F = SAL x A SAL = 0.2 x Sh + E x CTE x ( T2 - T1 )

where
F = Anchor force (N)
SAL = Anchor longitudional stress ( MPa )
A = Metal cross sectional area of pipe ( mm2 )
Sh = Hoop stress ( MPa )
E = Elastic modulus ( figure of 192 GPa has been used )
CTE = Coefficient of thermal expansion ( figure of 1.17 x 10-5 mm/mm/deg C has been
used, equates to 6.5x10-6 in/in/deg F )

T2 = Operating temperature ( deg C )

T1 = Installation temperature ( deg C )

Input
Metal area of pipe A = 4848 mm2 Pipe outside diameter D = 114.30 mm.
Hoop stress Sh = 100.75 MPa Pipe thickness T = 13.50 mm.
Operating temperature T2 = 75.0 O
C Design pressure P = 23.80 MPa
Installation temperature T1 = 21 O
C Elastic modulus E = 203 GPa
Thermal Exp. Coeff. CTE = 1.17E-05 mm/mm/°C

Results

ANCHOR LONG. STRESS SAL = 148.66 MPa

ANCHOR FORCE F = 721 kN

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Rev 2 (5-Mar-07)