PSYCHOLOGY

-scientific study of the mind and behavior (American Psychological Assossation)

-multifaceted discipline.
- study of human behavior and a study of mind.

COGNITIVE CONSTRUCTION- cognitive approach that focuses on the mental

processes rather than the observable behavior.

William James- one of the earliest psychologist to study the self and
conceptualization the self having to aspects - the “I” and “ME”.
- suggested that “the total self of “ME” being as it were Duplex”.
I- the one who acts and decides. (Thinking, acting ,feeling)
ME- what you think or feel about yourself as an object. (Physical Characteristics that
makes who you are)

3 COMPONENTS
- Self Identity- physical attribute (physical appearance) and personal attribute
(attitudes or behavior as an individual).
- Self Concept- consistent set of perception and believes about oneself
- Self Scheme- formed by numerous factors that may be aware or unaware of. Or
some which are past experience, personality traits, abilities, physical features,
values, goals, social roles, and even the feedback of others.

IDENTITY- Is composed of personal characteristics, social roles, and responsibilities,

as well as affiliations that define who one is.
SELF CONCEPT- Is what basically comes to your mind when you are asked about who
you are.
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
-the self is crated and developed through human interactions.
- the three reasons why self and identity are social products.
SELF AWARENESS-
-is having a clear perception of your personality, including strengths, weaknesses,
thoughts, beliefs, motivation, and emotion.
-allows you to understand other people, how they perceive you, your attitude and
your response to them in the moment.
-also presents to us with at least three other self schema: Actual, Ideal and Ought
self.
SOCIAL COMPARISON THEORY- According to the social comparison theory, we learn
about ourselves, the appropriateness of our behavior, as well as our social status.
2 Classification
DOWNWARD SOCIAL COMPARISON- is the more common type of comparing
ourselves with others.
UPWARD SOCIAL COMPARISON- comparing ourselves with those who are better off
than us.

SELF EVALUATION MAINTENANCE THEORY- states that we can feel threatened

when someone out performs us so we react in three ways.
1. We distance ourselves from that person or redefine our relationship with them.
2. We may also reconsider the importance of the aspect or skill which you were
outperformed.
3. We may also strengthen our resolve to improve that certain aspect of ourselves.
NARCISM
-it is a trait characterized by overly high self-scheme, self-admiration, and self-
centeredness.
-they are often charismatic because of how they take care of their image.

SELF COMPLEXITY
-the extent to which individuals have many different and relatively independent
ways of thinking about themselves.
-some selves are more complex than others, and these individual differences can be
important in determining psychological outcomes. Having a complex self means that
we have a lot of different ways of thinking about ourselves.

BENEFITS OF SELF-IMAGE
1. Happiness.
2. Less inner conflict.
3. Better decision making.
4. Self-control.
5. Resistance to social pressure.
6. Tolerance and understanding of others.
7. Vitality and pleasure.

GLOBAL VS. DIFFERENTIATED MODEL

Murray Bowen
- supports the conception that anxiety and stress can disrupt the quality of one’s
relationship.
- differentiation and fusion refers to the extent in which an individual can separate
their emotional and intellectual selves the solid self the differentiated self is
characterized as pseudo self.
-fused self is characterized as total self-concept views the self as multiple cognitive
structure and is integrated into one single view of the self-total self-concept.

GLOBAL SELF-ESTEEM
-from the theory shave son,Huber, Stanton, said that the global self refers to the
extent to which one’s perception of the self is clearly and consistently defined.
-global self-esteem is a decision people make their worth as a person.

REAL AND IDEAL SELF-CONCEPTS

Real vs Ideal Self
-in psychology, the real self and the ideal self are terms used to describe personality
domains.
-the real self is who we actually are. It is how we think, how we feel, look, and act.
The real self can be seen by others, but because we have no way of truly knowing
how others view us, the real self is our self-image.

MULTIPLE VS. UNIFIED SELF

David Leste- the mid is composed of multiple such subselves that are autonomous
set of psychological processes such as dreams, desires, emotions and memories.
Unified Self
-is the integration of the subselves into one, however, integration is a task for the
later part of life.
-true self is herently moral, good, and transcends situations and circumstances and
culturally stable; govern by the moral code.
-refers to all the dimensions of the self that are not essentially to the true self.