EXACT

Suclayin, Arayat, Pampanga

Cel No. 0925-870-1013
Email address: exact.colleges@yahoo.com

(Awareness Onboard Ship Situation)

(MODULE 3)

(COURSE/SUBJECT)

MR. ROLLY H. CASTILLO

(DONDY DOODS T. GALANG)

(DATE)
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Suclayin, Arayat, Pampanga
Cel No. 0925-870-1013
Email address: exact.colleges@yahoo.com

MGMT 1 – LEADERSHIP AND TEAMWORK

Answer and discuss the following:

1. What have you discovered from the Topic Awareness Onboard Ship Situation? Do
you agree or disagree with the three levels of Situational Awareness? Why or why
not? How could these play a role in how people interact with each other?
2. Your Reactions Regarding the Human Error, Automation, Complacency and
Boredom Todays Maritime Industry.
3. Your Understanding on the Module 3.

Form: Individual Research Paper

Length: 5-7 pages (1,000-3,000 words)
Format Details: Double-spaced, 12 pt font, Arial, 1 ¼” margins all around, single sided
pages

Your paper and group presentation should include the following:

- Citations of sources integrated throughout the text using APA format
- A conclusion section reviewing what you discussed throughout the paper
- BIBLIOGRAPHY- in APA format

Submission Date:
APA format Soft Copy (upload in GCR): October ,2021 Sunday at 1200H
 EXACT
Suclayin, Arayat, Pampanga
Cel No. 0925-870-1013
Email address: exact.colleges@yahoo.com

INTRODUCTION

In the Philippines, the maritime industry was regarded as one of the most important

contributors to the country's economic development. Situational awareness entails being

aware of what is going on around you, as well as where you are and where you are going.

Too many boats are grounded, colliding, or approaching close quarters with one another

simply because their captains are oblivious of what is going on within and around their

vessels. In other terms, they were unaware of their surroundings. Situational awareness refers

to having a good sense of your surroundings at all times, understanding what's going on

around you, and anticipating how it will effect your boat.

Everyone benefits from situational awareness; it is important that everyone is aware

of their surroundings and the potential dangers they may face. It is essential that each

individual considers his or her own safety as well as the safety of their workmates. Our

knowledge, experience, and education allow us to perceive what is happening around us and

evaluate whether it is safe. This means that everyone's situational awareness is different and

may differ from one another. We make decisions and advise others based on our situational

awareness. Several problems of seafarers encounter.

Human error can take numerous forms and can even result in disastrous

consequences. There have been accounts of marine accidents occurring simply as a result of

human error. The scope of accidents that might come from human errors is uncomfortably

huge, ranging from minor fires that can progress to large explosions to filled collisions.
 EXACT
Suclayin, Arayat, Pampanga
Cel No. 0925-870-1013
Email address: exact.colleges@yahoo.com

Automation has had an impact on the deck department and engineering on ships. Radar has

advanced to the point where it can now be enhanced with automated radar plotting aids

(ARPA).

Complacency has been identified as a contributing factor in marine accidents,

requiring the development and implementation of appropriate preventive measures. The

contribution of seafarers determines the success of preventive actions. Boredom is

characterized by a sense of emptiness as well as frustration with that emptiness. When you're

bored, you're more likely to have a short attention span and be uninterested in what's going on

around you. It might be the feeling of irritable, tired, or worried. Workers may faced with a

routine life combined with frustration, boredom is common. Situational awareness entails not

only observing something in the surroundings, but also correctly identifying it and

determining the right plan of action. This is where your experience comes into play, and why

it's so important to take notes on everything you do. They will prepare you for future

situations.

BODY

Awareness onboard ship situations refers to being aware of what is going on around

you, including where you are, where you should be, and whether someone or anything is a

threat to your health and safety.

Maritime Safety Queensland (2017), Situational awareness refers to having a good

sense of your surroundings at all times, understanding what's going on around you, and
 EXACT
Suclayin, Arayat, Pampanga
Cel No. 0925-870-1013
Email address: exact.colleges@yahoo.com

anticipating how it will effect your boat. This are the Situational Awareness Level 1,

Perception, Create a mental image of your surroundings by analyzing it with your eyes, ears,

and touch. Then pay attention to the most significant and relevant components of your

environment, and compare what you've learned so far with what you've learned in the past.

Level 2, Understand, you must understand the mental image you create. Understanding is a

result of a combination of observations, information, and experience in the real world. You

construct an accurate mental picture of your world by combining observations with

knowledge and experience. Keep your mental picture up to date with inputs from the wide

range of real-world information that is available to you. For example is, making plans in

deviation including requirements, boat capability and operational requirements, fuel reserves,

course deviations and speed deviations in order to understand the voyage plan data. Level 3,

Thinking ahead, You can think forward and project into the future if you have a good

understanding of the situation. This stage is critical in the master's decision-making process,

and it requires that your understanding of the facts is as precise as possible.

PAKILAGAY KUNG AGREE KA SA TATLONG LEVEL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Do you

agree or disagree with the three levels of Situational Awareness? Why or why not? How

could these play a role in how people interact with each other?

In the shipping industry, human error has long been seen as a major cause of

accidents. According to Frith (2017), In his article, human mistake is said to be responsible

for 75 % to 96 % of all maritime accidents. The high costs associated with the impact of a

major event, such as wreck removal (which is becoming more complex and expensive,
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Suclayin, Arayat, Pampanga
Cel No. 0925-870-1013
Email address: exact.colleges@yahoo.com

primarily due to larger ships and environmental concerns), passenger and crew liabilities,

pollution, and litigation costs, make such incidents the leading cause of liability loss. I think

that some of the human error are occur due to natural factors that is made by unexpected or

this are the incidents that are accidents because this are the not intended actions. Some of the

causes are distraction because sometimes they are not aware, time pressure, workload

because maybe sometimes they are tired because of having much work

Over the last few decades, the level of computerization and automation in safety-

critical industries has increased (Hadnett, 2008). Automation has been implemented in this

context with the goal of improving safety, efficiency, and production while also lowering

operational costs (Harris, 2011). In the 1980s, commercial aviation was one of the originators

in this trend, with operations becoming more automated (Sarter, 2008).

According to Wickens and Hollands (2000), Automation may be employed for a

number of reasons, such as reducing workload, making up for human performance

limitations, due to the operating environment being unsuitable for a human and/or reducing

costs. That’s why automation is important to seafarers because as the backbone of

information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) coverage, marine automation

systems have become the most significant platform for bridging the gap between or

integrating all systems.

Complacency is a factor that can alter even the best shipping company into an

accident prone one. In fact much of today accidents at sea are linked to complacency.
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Suclayin, Arayat, Pampanga
Cel No. 0925-870-1013
Email address: exact.colleges@yahoo.com

Unfortunately, an observation made is that however much a manning company may succeed

in raising the quality bar accidents are bound to happen.

Boredom is most commonly experienced when workers are faced with a repetitive life

combined with frustration. Because of the boredom of work onboard, repetitive deck-work or

using machinery, being on watch, or performing maintenance duties, this combination is

common among seafarers, especially at sea. Boredom can really seen in some seafarers

because they can not be with their family.

CONCLUSION
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Suclayin, Arayat, Pampanga
Cel No. 0925-870-1013
Email address: exact.colleges@yahoo.com

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Maritime Safety Queensland (2017, August 24). Situational Awareness.

https://www.msq.qld.gov.au/Safety/Situational-awareness

Frith, J. (2017, April 10). Human Error Account for 75% of Maritime Liability

Losses Maritime Journal. https://www.maritimejournal.com/news101/insurance,-legal-and-

finance/human-error-accounts-for-75-of-marine-liability-losses

Publication by The Nautical Institute in association with the Royal Institute of

Navigation. (2020). Situational Awareness, The sense of everything.

https://www.nautinst.org/uploads/assets/8f9da438-3486-4b77-a4d79e1af61fe15c/Issue-23-

Situational-Awareness.pdf

Forbes, et. Al. (2018, April). Investigation on the impact of human-automation

interaction in maritime operations.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323734349_Investigation_on_the_impact_of_huma

n-automation_interaction_in_maritime_operations

Maritime Health, Seafarers, Smart. (2019, October 15). Autonomous tasks may

result to seafarers’ boredom. https://safety4sea.com/autonomous-tasks-may-result-to-seafarers-

boredom/?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=pmd_Q_2L54eBISJF4zoCAsy6oHUzYQPQ_5q2Lsv2qfQCYZA-

1633186759-0-gqNtZGzNAhCjcnBszQr9
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Suclayin, Arayat, Pampanga
Cel No. 0925-870-1013
Email address: exact.colleges@yahoo.com

Fonseca, J. (2011, March 19). Complacency- A major cause of ship

accidents. https://www.maritimeprofessional.com/blogs/post/complacency--a-major-cause-

of-ship-accidents-13098