MP Dynasties

PRELIMS CRASH COURSE (25th July) – OJAS MPPSC
June 10, 2020 11

To join Prelims Crash Course, WhatsApp us on 9111-42-0011
Major Dynasties of Madhya Pradesh
In this chapter we will cover major dynasties of Madhya Pradesh, important for MPPSC
SSE.
 Gondwana kingdom
 Garha Katanga or Garha Mandla Kingdom of Jabalpur
 Chanda Kingdom of Chandrapur
 Kherla Kingdom of Betul
 Devgarh Kingdom of Chhindwara
 Kingdoms of Bundelkhand
 Chandelas
 Bundela Rajas of Bundelkhand (Orcha)
 Bagelkhand
 Holkar Dynasty
 Scindia Dynasty
 Bhopal state
June 10, 2020 12

Gondwana kingdom
June 10, 2020 13

Region Core region
 The Gondwana region includes core region of eastern part of

the Vidarbha of Maharashtra, the parts of Madhya
Pradesh immediately to the north of it, and parts of the
west of Chhattisgarh.
Wider region
 The wider region extends beyond these, also including parts

of northern Telangana, western Odisha and southern Uttar
Pradesh.
Rajgonds  The Gondwana Kingdom was ruled by Rajgonds.
Who are Rajgonds?
 The Rajgonds are the ruling class among the Gond tribe.
 The Gond Tribal is the dominating Community in Gondwana
region. The name Gondwana named after Gondi people.
Gondwana means "Country inhabited by Gonds".
Gondwana Kingdom
was consisting of majorly Four kingdoms
Northern Gondwana Garha Katanga or Garha Mandla
kingdom Kingdom of Jabalpur
Southern Gondwana Chanda Kingdom of Chandrapur

kingdom
Western Gondwana Kherla Kingdom of Betul

kingdom
Chhindwara Gondwana Devgarh Kingdom of Chhindwara

kingdom
June 10, 2020 14

History of Gondwana kingdom
 The first historically recorded Gond kingdoms came up in central India’s hilly region
in the 14th and 15th century AD.
 The first Gond king was Jadurai, who deposed the Kalchuri Rajputs, at whose court
he had earlier worked, to grab the kingdom of Garha Mandla (modern Mandla and
Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh).
During 14th to the  From the 14th to the 18th century the area was held by
18th century powerful Gond dynasties, which during Mughal times
remained independent or served as tributary chiefs.
During Maratha  When in the 18th century the Gonds were conquered by
reign the Marathas, the greater part of Gondwana was
incorporated into the dominions of the Bhonsle rajas of
Nagpur.
 Many Gonds took refuge in relatively inaccessible
highlands and became tribal raiders.
Under British reign  Between 1818 and 1853 the greater part of the region
passed to the British, although in some minor states the
Gond rajas continued to rule until Indian independence in
1947.
June 10, 2020 15

Gond Kings of Garha Mandla / Upper Narmada Valley

(AD 10th Century – 1781)
 This was one of the first three Gond kingdoms of Gondwana.

 It was situated in present day Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh states.
 Garha Mandla was the senior Gond kingdom until it came
under Mughal domination.
 The other Gond kingdoms, Chandrapur, and Deogarh, were minor principalities
which owed their allegiance to Garha Mandla.
King Jadurai
 The first Historically recorded Gond king of Garha-
Mandla was Jadurai.
 Jadurai takes the advice of his spiritual guide, a Brahmin by the
name of Surubhi Pathak, and marries the daughter of an
unnamed Gond king.
 His genealogy is maintained by one of his descendents, Hirde
Shah, in the form of a Sanskrit tablet on the walls of his palace
at Ramnagar, near Mandla.
 Narsinha
 Ramchandra
 Krishna
 Rudra
 Jagannatha
 Vasudeva
 Madan singh
 Arjun
Madan Mahal  Fort Madan Mahal was built in 1116 by Raja Madan Shah in
Fort Jabalpur
June 10, 2020 16

Sangram Shah The next important ruler in Garha mandala was sangram shah.
 The Garha-Mandla kingdom was earlier a small territory which
witnessed rapid expansion under the rule of Sangram Shah
 He captured territories like Narmada Valley, Bhopal, Sagar,
Damoh and most of the Satpura hills.
 He was 48th ruler of Garha Kingdom who had conquered 52
forts called Garh to strengthen and spread the Gond Empire.
 The Chouragrh Fort in Narsinghpur was built on the honour of
conquering 52 forts.
 Sangram Shah is best known as a patron of arts and literature
and he had great knowledge of Sanskrit.
 Rasratnamala was written by Sangram Shah.
 At the time of Sangram Shah the capital of Garha kingdom
was Singhorgarh.
 His son Dalpat Shah was married to Rani Durgawati who was
a Chandel princess.
 He also constructs the fort of Chauragad to guard his
possessions.
Rani Durgavati
Early life  Rani Durgavati was born on 5th October 1524 A.D. in the
family of famous Chandel emperor Keerat Rai.
 She was born at the fort of Kalanjar (Banda, U.P.).
 Chandel Dynasty is famous in the Indian History for the valiant
king Vidyadhar who repulsed the attacks of Mehmood
Gaznavi.
Married to  In 1542, she was married to Dalpatshah, the eldest son of king
Dalpatshah Sangram shah of Gond Dynasty.
 Chandel and Gond dynasties got closer as a consequence of
this marriage and that was the reason Keerat Rai got the help
of Gonds and his son-in-law Dalpatshah at the time of invasion
of Shershah Suri in which Shershah Suri died.
 She gave birth to a son in 1545 A.D. who was named Vir
Narayan. Dalpatshah died in about 1550 A.D.
 As Vir Narayan was too young at that time, Durgavati took the
reins of the Gond kingdom in her hands.
 Two ministers Adhar Kayastha and Man Thakur helped the
Rani in looking after the administration successfully and
effectively.
June 10, 2020 17

Moved her  Rani moved her capital to Chauragarh in place of Singaurgarh.

capital to  It was a fort of strategic importance situated on the Satpura
Chauragarh in hill range.
place of
Singaurgarh
Battle with  After the death of Shershah, Sujat Khan captured the Malwa
Bajbahadur zone and was succeeded by his son Bajbahadur in 1556 A.D.
 After ascending to the throne, he attacked Rani Durgavati but
the attack was repulsed with heavy losses to his army.
 This defeat effectively silenced Bajbahadur and the victory
brought name and fame for Rani Durgavati.
Battle with Asaf  When Rani heard about the attack by Asaf Khan she decided to
khan defend her kingdom with all her might although her minister
Adhar pointed out the strength of Mughal forces.
 Rani maintained that it was better to die respectfully than to
live a disgraceful life.
 To fight a defensive battle, she went to Narrai situated

between a hilly range on one side and two rivers Gaur and
Narmada on the other side.
 It was an unequal battle with trained soldiers and modern
weapons in multitude on one side and a few untrained soldiers
with old weapons on the other side.
 Her Fauzdar Arjun Daswas killed in the battle and Rani decided
to lead the defence herself.
 As the enemy entered the valley, soldiers of Rani attacked
them.
 Both sides lost some men but Rani was victorious in this battle.
She chased the Mughul army and came out of the valley.
 At this stage Rani reviewed her strategy with her counsellors.

She wanted to attack the enemy in the night to enfeeble them
but her lieutenants did not accept her suggestion.
 By next morning Asaf khan had summoned big guns.
 Rani rode on her elephant Sarman and came for the battle.
 Her son Vir Narayan also took part in this battle.
 He forced Mughul army to move back three times but at last

he got wounded and had to retire to a safe place. In the course
of battle Rani also got injured near her ear with an arrow.
 Her Mahout advised her to leave the battlefield but she
refused and took out her dagger and killed herself.
June 10, 2020 18

 Her martyrdom day(24th June 1564) is even today

commomorated as "Balidan Diwas".
 Her tomb, known as Chabutar (near Jabalpur), stands in
testimony to this valiant queen.
 Her son also falls, defending Fort Chauragad.
Rani durgavati  Rani Durgavati's was a personality with varied facets.

was great leader  She was valiant, beautiful and brave and also a great leader
with with administrative skills.
administrative  Her self-respect forced her to fight till death rather than
skills surrender herself to her enemy.
 She was secular and appointed many eminent Muslims on
important posts.
 The place where she sacrificed herself has always been a
source of inspiration for freedom fighters.
 In the year 1983, the Government of Madhya Pradesh
renamed the University of Jabalpur as Rani Durgavati
Vishwavidyalaya in her memory.
 Government of India paid its tribute to the valiant Rani by
issuing a postal-stamp commemorating her martyrdom, on
24th June 1988.
Moghul  The Gonds are forced to accept Moghul overlordship.

overlordship  The districts forming the kingdom are reformed into the state
of Bhopal.
 This is ceded to the Moghul emperor, Akbar, in order that the
next man in line to succeed to the Gond throne, Chandra, is
recognised by the Moghuls.
Hirde Shah 1670  Mandla is made the new capital of the kingdom.
 Part of Sagar District is ceded to the Moghul emperor, the
south of Sagar and Damoh districts to Raja Chhatrasal of
Panna, and Seoni District to the Gond raja of Deogarh.
 Amidst continued political intrigue, Gond power continues to
decrease.
 Hridayshah was the music lover.
 He was 54th ruler of Garha Kingdom.
 He gave his contributions for music. Hriday koutuk and Hriday
prakash were written by him.
 He moved his capital from Chouragarh to Ramnagar
of Mandla district.
June 10, 2020 19

Maratha  The Maratha Peshwa enters Mandla and exacts tribute from
Peshwa enters the Gonds.
Mandla  Narhar Shah is taken prisoner and held at Fort Khurai in
Saugor.
 During this period, the Gond dynasty of Garha Mandla remains
devoid of office or any political control, Garha Mandla itself
remains practically a Maratha dependency.
 Soon, the other independent principalities of Gondwana also
succumb.
 These Gond rajas eventually emerge as pensioners of
the British.
Shankar Shah  Shankar Shah and Raghunath Shah were freedom fighters who
and Raghunath revolted against the British in the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Shah
June 10, 2020 20

Chanda Kingdom of Chandrapur

AD 13th Century - 1751
 This was one of the lesser of the three Gond kingdoms of Gondwana, and it owed
its allegiance to Garha Mandla as the senior Gond kingdom.
 It was situated in present day Maharashtra state.
 The capital was initially at Sirpur, then at Ballarshah.
Kol Bhil  A man of great strength and wisdom.

 He taught his follower gonds how to use iron, which
transformed their culture and turned them into a powerful
fighting force.
Bhim Ballal  Established the Gond kingdom with Sirpur as his capital.
Singh
Keshar Singh  Keshar Singh subdues the rebellions that break out in his
kingdom and extends his territory to the edges of the Bhil
country.
 He possesses horses and oxen, and is wealthier than any of his
predecessors.
Ram Singh  Ram Singh expands his kingdom, maintains an army called
Tadavel, and constructs hill forts.
 Ahmed Shah of the Bahamani empire attacks his kingdom and
invests Fort Mahur, capturing Kalamb.
 This results in the massacre of many Hindus.
Surja Ballal  Surja Ballal experiences friction with the court of Delhi and is
Singh / Sher taken captive.
Shah Ballal Shah  He later assists the Delhi emperor in attacking Fort Kaibur,
which belongs to a minor Rajput king of the Chandelas named
Mohan Singh.
 In return the Gonds are granted his territory.
 The king is also given the title of Sher Sah/Shah which lasts
throughout the dynasty.
Khandkya Ballal  Constructed the city of Chandrapur.

Shah
Bir Shah  Bir Shah discontinues tribute to the Moghuls following the
house arrest of Shah Jahan, but Aurangzeb sends an army
June 10, 2020 21

under the command of Diler Khan to attack the Gonds, forcing

them to sue for peace.
Nilkanth Shah  Nilkanth Shah tries to throw off the power held by Raghuji
Bhosale over the Gonds, but is defeated.
 The Gonds are forced to accepted the overlordship of Raghuji
Bhosale, Maratha ruler of Nagpur, and are reduced to holding
just Ballarshah, while Chandrapur is annexed by Raghuji
Bhosale.
 Nilkanth Shah makes an attempt at rebellion but is imprisoned,
ending the Gond dynasty of Chandrapur.
 Chandrapur becomes fully part of the Berar dominion of the
Maratha Bhosales.
June 10, 2020 22

Gond kingdom of Deogarh (Devgad)

AD 1580s - 1743
 This was one of the lesser of the three Gond kingdoms of Gondwana, and it owed
its allegiance to Garha Mandla as the senior Gond kingdom.
 It was situated in present day Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh states.
Jatba /  Jatba's full name, Ajanbahu Jatbasha, is given to him because

Ajanbahu of his long hands that extend right down to his knees.
Jatbasha  He starts off as a vassal of the Gaoli kings, Ransur and Ghansur,
(1580s) later owes allegiance to the Gond kings of Chandrapur, and
later still to the Moghul emperor, Akbar.
 He builds the fort at Devgad (twenty-four miles south-west of
Chindwara).
Deogarh gains  In 1670 Deogarh gains the former Garha Mandla Seoni District,
the although Gond power is continuing to decrease
former Garha
Mandla Seoni
District
Bakht Buland  Bakht Buland starts off in the service of the Moghul emperor,
1700 Aurangzeb, and is officially recognised as the raja of Devgad by
the Moghul court.
 He adds to his kingdom territories from the neighbouring
kingdoms of Chanda and Mandla, and portions of Nagpur,
Balaghat, Seoni, and Bhandara.
 He also annexes the adjoining Rajput kingdom of Kherla.
 The present districts of Chindwara and Betul also fall under his
control, and he establishes the modern city of Nagpur,
naming it Rajapur Barsa.
 Bakht Bulund is said to later rebel against the Moghuls and
snatch portions of their territory, during the Moghul war
against the Marathas.
June 10, 2020 23

Kingdoms of Bundelkhand
 Bundelkhand lies between the Indo-Gangetic plains and the Vindhya mountain
range in India.
 As per mythological texts, Dandaka, the son of Ishwaku (one of the earliest Aryan
kings), set up kingdom of Bundelkhand.
 His descendants set up the Chedi kingdom, which is even mentioned in the
epic Mahabharata.
 In the historical period, Bundelkhand came under Mauryan rule.
 Their rule was followed by the Vakatakas and subsequently the Kalachuris.
 Then in the medieval period, there was the rule of the Chandelas, followed by
the Bundela Rajputs, while the Gurjara Pratiharas, Gonds, Moghuls,
and Marathas provided overlordship for the region.
 Finally, the British governed the area in the nineteenth century.
Chandelas (AD 831 – 1569)
 The Chandelas were a Rajput clan which ruled Bundelkhand between the tenth
and thirteenth centuries.
 They began their rise to power as vassals of the Pratihara kings.
 Claiming descent from the moon they were called Chandravanshis (just as kings
claiming lineage from the sun were Suryavanshis), and ruled from their capital,
Khajuraho.
 The old name of Khajuraho was Khajuravatika (Kharjuravahaka) (or the 'garden of
dates').
Nanuk  Founded the dynasty (831 AD)
Harshdev (900 -  The next important king in chandela dynasty was Harshdev, in
925) his short regin, the vassals of Bhoja II of kannauj which include
the Parmaras of Malwa, the Kalachuris of Mahakoshal, and the
Chandelas of Bundelkhand, declare themselves to be
independent.
Devi Jagdamba Temple at Khajuraho

 Devi Jagadambika Temple is one of a group of about 25 temples
at Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India.
 Khajuraho is a World Heritage Site.
 The temples of Khajuraho were built by the rulers of the Chandela dynasty
between the 10th and the 12th centuries.
 Devi Jagadambika temple, in a group to the north, is one of the most finely
decorated temples at Khajuraho.
 Three bands of carvings encircle the body of the temple.
 In the sanctum is an enormous image of the Goddess (Parvati).
June 10, 2020 24

Yashovarman /  Yashovarman is said to conquer many kingdoms during his

Kakshavarman reign.
(925 - 950)  He is also credited with being the builder of the famous
Laxman Temple.
Dhangadev  Kalinjar becomes the kingdom's second capital.

(950 - 1002)  Dhangadev builds the famous temples of Parshwanath and
Vishwanath during his reign.
Gauda (1002 -  Constructed the Jagdamba and Chitragupta temples.

1017)  With Rajputana divided amongst small warring states, there is
no central authority to prevent Islamic incursions from the
west.
 Mahmud of the Afghan Ghaznavids (based in modern
Kandahar) sacks Kannauj, and its Gurjara Pratihara king,
Rajapala, flees, only to be killed by the Chandela king, Gauda.
 Gauda takes control of the Pratihara kingdom, placing
Trilochanpala on the throne.
Vidyadhara  Vidyadhara is one of the most celebrated of the Chandela

(1017 - 1029) kings.
 He repulses attacks by the Afghan king, Mahmud of Gazni.
 He also patronises temple architecture and sculptures
especially in Khajuraho Temple and Kalinjar Fort.
Vijaypal (1029 -  Shifted the capital to Mahoba

1045)
Kirtivarman  Kirttivarman was the son of the Chandela ruler Vijayapala.

 He was preceded by his elder brother Devavarman, who
probably died without any heir.
 He revived the Chandela power by defeating
the Kalachuri king Lakshmi-Karna.
Mandarvarman  The next important king of chandela dynasty was

(1129 - 1162) Mandarvarman.
 Mandarvarman revives the glory of the Chandelas by annexing
several regions.
 He also constructs Dulhadev Temple.
Parmardidev  Parmardidev is probably the last independent Chandela king.

(1164 – 1199)  He rules for thirty-five years and in that time, he faces down an
invasion by the Rajputs of Amer, under Prithviraj Chauhan (his
June 10, 2020 25

generals, Ahal and Udal, are particularly famous for the

resistance they show against the invaders).
 Thereafter, the Chandela kingdom weakens and they rule as
vassals of the various dominant kings of the region.
Mohan Singh  Surja Ballal of the Gond kingdom of Chandrapur assists

(1470) the Delhi emperor in attacking Fort Kaibur, which belongs to
Mohan Singh.
 In return the Gonds are granted the territory of Bundelkhand.
Keeratrai  Gond vassal

(1520)
Rani Durgavati  Daughter of keerat rai famous chandela king Chandela glory is
(1524-1564) briefly revived by Rani Durgavati, the daughter of the vassal
Chandela king, Keeratrai.
 Rani Durgavati is married to the Gond king, Dalpat Shah (the
Gonds are the new rulers of Bundelkhand).
 She dies on the battlefield facing the Khwaja Abdul Majid Asaf
Khan, a general of Moghul Emperor Akbar.
June 10, 2020 26

Bundela Rajas of Bundelkhand (Orcha) (AD 1501 – 1947)
 The Bundelas are a Rajput clan of central India.

 The families belonging to this clan ruled several small states in
the Bundelkhand region from the 16th century; the mythical accounts of
the Bundela dynasties trace their ancestry to the Suryavansha.
 The Bundela dynasties worshipped the Vindhyavasini as their kuladevi.
Rudra Pratap  Founder of the Orcha kingdom

(1501 – 1531)  When Rudra Pratap dies, his sons, Bhartichand and then
Madhukar Shah, succeed him in order at Orcha while his other
son, Udayjeet Singh rules the minor sub-kingdom of Mahewa.
Bharatichand  Bharatichand captures Chanderi, and in 1545 tries to stop Sher

1531 - 1554 Shah Suri from attacking Kalinjar, albeit unsuccessfully.
Vir Singh Dev  The king builds several monuments, forts and temples.
(1605 - 1627)  His son, Jhujhar Singh, succeeds him while another son,
Bhagwanrao, forms his own kingdom at Datia, and yet another
son, Hardaul, forms his own kingdom at Baragaon.
 His descendents later form their own small Bundela
principalities such as Banka Pahari, Bijna, Chirgaon, Durwai, and
Tori Fatehpur.
Jhujhar Singh  Jhujhar Singh rebels against the Moghuls, but is killed in battle
1627 - 1641 against Emperor Shah Jahan.
Indramani  Chatrasal, a relative of the king, begins his struggle against

Singh 1672 – the Moghuls with an open revolt.
1675
Jaswant Singh  During this period, Chatrasal, son of Champatrai, continues to

1675 - 1684 struggle against the Moghuls.
Udwat Singh  Upon the death of Aurangzeb (1707), Chatrasal removes

1689 - 1735 himself from Moghul vassalage with help from
the Marathas and proclaims an independent Bundela kingdom
at Panna.
Sir Pratap Singh  Received knighthood and seventeen-gun salute from

(1874 – 1930) the British.
June 10, 2020 27

Vir Singh (1930  India wins independence from Britain on 14 August 1947 and
- 1956) by 1949 all the princely states (barring one or two) have been
merged, one by one, into the Indian state, signing the
instrument of accession with the new Indian national
government.
 India is declared a republic on 26 January 1950, leaving the
princes holding their titles and little more.
Orchha
 Orchha was founded in 1501 AD by the Bundela chief Rudra Singh, the first king
who ruled until 1513.
 During his reign, he built a Fort at what is now the town of Orchha, located on the
banks of the River Betwa.
 Orchha''s golden age was during the first half of the 17th century, when Mughal
emperor Jehangir visited the city.
 Its architecture, a combination of Rajasthani, Jain and Mughal styles, is now
referred to as the ''Bundela Style'' of architecture.
 It seems unbelievable that Vir Singh Deo, who built the Jahangir Mahal in 1605,
should have built this splendid palace, just for Jahangir, who stayed as a guest of
the Raja for only one night!
 It is perhaps because of such actions that he is considered as the most famous and
powerful of the Orchha''s rulers -- a dashing personality, a great warrior and a wily
and clever administrator.
Bagelkhand kingdom
 Baghelkhand, historical region, eastern Madhya Pradesh state, central India.

 Known as Dahala before the Muslims, Baghelkhand was held by the
warlike Kalacuri dynasty (6th–12th century), whose stronghold was at Kalinjar.
 With the advent of the Baghela Rajputs (warrior caste) in the 14th century, it was
absorbed into Rewa state.
 Baghelkhand Agency, a subdivision of the British Central India Agency, was created
in 1871 and included Rewa and several other states, with headquarters at Satna.
 It merged with Bundelkhand Agency in 1931 and formed the eastern half of
Vindhya Pradesh, created at Indian independence in 1947.
 Rewa was the first princely state in India to declare Hindi as a national language,
in the times of Maharaja Gulab Singh.
Raja Vyaghra
 The ruler of Rewa ruled from Bandhavgarh during the
Dev
founding reign of Raja Vyaghra Dev, who was a direct
descendant of Gujarati warrior king Vir Dhawal.
June 10, 2020 28

 Emperor Akbar was given refuge at Rewa at age 10, when his
father Humayun fled India following a defeat in war.
 Prince Ramchandra Singh and Akbar grew up together as
royal heirs.
Raja
 In the mid-1550s, Raja Ramachandra Singh Baghela
Ramachandra
maintained a musically talented court, including the
Singh
legendary Tansen.
 Two of the Navratnas of Akbar, Tansen and Birbal (originally
named Mahesh Das) were sent from Rewa by Maharaja
Ramchandra Singh once Akbar became the Emperor of India.
Maharaja
 In 1617, Maharaja Vikramaditya Singh moved his capital to
Vikramaditya
Rewa.
Singh
Maharaja Mart
 Maharaja Martand Singh was the last ruler of Rewa who
and Singh
acceded to the Union of India after the country became India.
June 10, 2020 29

Holkar Dynasty
 Holkars were generals under Peshwa Baji Rao I, and later became Maharajas of
Indore in Central India as an independent member of the Maratha Empire until
1818.
 Later, their kingdom became a princely state under the protectorate of British
India.
Nandlal
 The township of Indore had already existed as an independent
Mandloi
principality established by Nandlal Mandloi of Kampel, Nandlal
of Kampel
Mandloi was won by the Maratha force and allowed them to
camp across the Khan River.
Malhar Rao
 Malhar Rao Holkar (1694-1766), a Maratha chief
Holkar (1694-
serving Peshwa Baji Rao, established the dynasty's rule
1766)
over Indore.
 In the 1720s, he led Maratha armies in Malwa region, and in
1733 was granted 9 parghanas in the vicinity of Indore by
the Peshwa.
 In 1734, Malhar Rao established a camp later called Malharganj.
 In 1747, he started the construction of his royal palace,
the Rajwada.
 By the time of his death, he ruled much of Malwa, and was
acknowledged as one of the five virtually independent rulers of
the Maratha Confederacy.
 He was succeeded by Ahilyabai Holkar (r. 1767–1795), his
daughter-in-law.
Ahilyabai
 She moved the capital to Maheshwar, south of Indore on
Holkar
the Narmada River.
 Rani Ahilyabai was a prolific builder and patron
of Hindu temples in Maheshwar and Indore.
 She also built temples at sacred sites outside her kingdom, from
Dwarka in Gujarat east to the Kashi Vishwanath
Temple at Varanasi on the Ganges.
June 10, 2020 30

Tukoji Rao
 The adopted son of Malhar Rao Haolkar, Tukoji Rao
Holkar
Holkar (1795-1797) briefly succeeded Rani Ahilyabai upon her
death.
 Tukoji Rao had been a commander under Ahilyabai for her
entire rule.
Yashwantrao
 His son Yashwantrao Holkar (r. 1797–1811) (also called as
Holkar
Jaswant Rao) succeeded him upon his death.
 He tried to free the Delhi Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II from
the British in the unsuccessful Second Anglo-Maratha War.
 The Shah Alam gave him the title of Maharajadiraj Rajrajeshwar
Alija Bahadur in honor of his bravery.
 Attempts by Yashwantrao Holkar to unite the kings failed, and
he was approached to sign a peace treaty with the British.
 The Treaty of Rajghat, signed late December 1805, recognised
him as a sovereign king.
Battle of
 In 1811, the four-year-old Maharaja Malharrao Holkar
Mahidpur
II succeeded Yashwantrao Holkar.
 His mother, Maharani Tulsabai Holkar, looked after the
administration. However, with the help of Pathans, Pindaris, and
the British, Dharama Kunwar and Balaram Seth plotted to
imprison Tulsabai and Malharrao.
 When Tulsabai learnt about this, she beheaded both of them in
1815 and appointed Tantia Jog.
 As a result, Gaffur Khan Pindari secretly signed a treaty with
the British on 9 November 1817 and killed Tulsabai on 19
December 1817.
 The treaty was signed on 6 January 1818 at Mandsaur.
 Bhimabai Holkar did not accept the treaty, and kept attacking
the British by guerilla methods.
 Rani Lakshmibai of Jhanshi took inspiration from Bhimabai
Holkar and also fought against the British.
 At the conclusion of the Third Anglo-Maratha War, the Holkars
lost much of their territory to the British and were incorporated
into the British Raj as a princely state of the Central India
Agency.
June 10, 2020 31

 The capital was shifted from Bhanpura to Indore.

Yashwantrao
 Yashwantrao Holkar II (reigned 1926–1948) ruled Indore state
Holkar II (The
until shortly after India's independence in 1947, when he
Last Ruler)
acceded to the Union of India.
 Indore became a district of Madhya Bharat state, which was
merged into Madhya Pradesh state in 1956.
Scindia dynasty
 Scindia dynasty (also spelled popularly as Shinde in Maharashtra), is

a Maratha dynasty that ruled the erstwhile State of Gwalior.
 The Gwalior state was a part of the Maratha Confederacy in the 18th and 19th
centuries, and a princely state of the colonial British government during the 19th
and the 20th centuries.
 The Scindhia state of Gwalior became a major regional power in the latter half of
the 18th century and figured prominently in the three Anglo-Maratha Wars. They
held sway over many of the Rajput states, and conquered north India.
 After India's independence in 1947, several members of the Scindia family went on
to join Indian politics.
Ranoji Shinde
 The Scindia dynasty was founded by Ranoji Scindia, who
was the son of Jankojirao Scindia, the Deshmukh
of Kanherkhed, a village in Satara District, Maharashtra.
 Peshwa Baji Rao's career saw the strengthening of
the Maratha Empire. Ranoji was in charge of
the Maratha conquests in Malwa in 1726.
 Ranoji established his capital at Ujjain in 1731.
 His successors included Jayajirao, Jyotibarao, Dattajirao,
Jankojirao, Mahadji Shinde and Daulatrao Scindia.
Mahadji Scindia
 Born on 3rd December 1730 as the fifth and the youngest
son of Sardar Ranoji Rao Scindia, Mahadaji shinde was a
lieutenant of the Peshwa and went on to become a
Maratha ruler in the state of Gwalior.
 He was responsible for strengthening the Maratha Empire
in North India after Third Battle of Panipat in 1761.
June 10, 2020 32

 It is believed that Madhavrao I, Nana Fadnavis and Mahadji

Shinde were responsible for the comeback of the Maratha
Empire.
 Gwalior slowly became one of the most important states for
Maratha under his leadership.
 During his regin, the Maratha Empire also became one of
the leading military power in India.
Treaty of Salbai in
 Complete it from Anglo-Maratha war (Modern History
1782
notes)
Daulatrao Scindia
 Maharaja Daulatrao Scindia, the son of Anandrao, a cousin
of Mahadji Shinde, was adopted by the latter as his heir.
British Princely
 After the defeat of the allied Maratha states by the British
state
in the Third Anglo-Maratha War of 1818, Daulatrao Shinde
was forced to accept local autonomy as a princely
state within British-occupied India and to give up Ajmer to
the British.
 After the death of Daulatrao, Maharani Baiza Bai ruled the
empire, saving it from the British power, till the adopted
child Jankoji Rao took over the charge.
 Jankoji died in 1843, and his widow Tarabai Raje Scindia
successfully maintained the position and adopted a child
from close lineage named Jayajirao.
Independent
 The Scindia family ruled Gwalior until India's independence
India
from the United Kingdom in 1947, when
the Maharaja Jivajirao Scindia acceded to the Government
of India.
 Gwalior was merged with a number of other princely states
to become the new Indian state of Madhya Bharat.
 Jivajirao served as the state's rajpramukh, or appointed
governor, from 28 May 1948 to 31 October 1956, when
Madhya Bharat was merged into Madhya Pradesh.
June 10, 2020 33

Bhopal state
Dost Mohammad
 The State of Bhopal was established by Dost Mohammad
Khan (1672–
Khan (1672–1728), a pashtun soldier in the Mughal Army.
1728)
 After the death of the emperor Aurangzeb, Khan started
providing mercenary services to several local chieftains in
the politically unstable Malwa region.
 He also annexed several other territories in Malwa to his
state.
 During the early 1720s, Khan founded the city
of Bhopal into a fortified city and assumed the title
of Nawab.
 Khan became close to the Sayyid Brothers, who had
become highly influential king-makers in the Mughal court.
 Khan's support to the Sayyids earned him the enmity of the
rival Mughal nobleman Nizam-ul-Mulk, who invaded Bhopal
in March 1724, forcing Khan to cede much of his territory,
give up his son as a hostage, and accept the Nizam's
suzerainty.
 Dost Mohammad Khan and his Pathan Orakzai dynasty
brought Islamic influence to the culture and architecture
in the foundation of Bhopal.
 Aside from the city of Bhopal, which was his capital, Dost
Mohammad Khan also renovated the nearby fort of
Jagdishpur and renamed it Islamnagar.
Battle of Bhopal
 In 1737, Marathas under the leadership of Peshwa Baji Rao
I, defeated the forces of the Mughals and the Nawab of
Bhopal in the Battle of Bhopal.
 Following the victory of the Marathas, Bhopal came under
the suzerainty of the Maratha Empire as a semi-
autonomous state and remained so until the Third Anglo-
Maratha War in 1818.
British protectora
 The state became a British protectorate in 1818 after
te
the Third Anglo-Maratha War and was ruled by
the Orakzai descendants of Dost Mohammad Khan until
1949, when it was merged in Dominion of India after a
popular revolt against the ruling dynasty.
June 10, 2020 34

The rule of the Begums

 The peaceful rule of Begums led to the rise of a unique mixed culture in Bhopal.
 The Hindus were given important administrative positions in the state. T
 his led to communal peace and a cosmopolitan culture took its roots.
Qudsia Begum  In 1819, 18-year-old Qudsia Begum (also known as Gohar

Begum) took over the reins after the assassination of her
husband.
 She was the first female ruler of Bhopal.
 Although she was illiterate, she was brave and refused to
follow the purdah tradition.
 She declared that her 2-year-old daughter Sikander will
follow her as the ruler.
 None of the male family members dared to challenge her
decision.
 She built the Jama Masjid (mosque) and her beautiful
palace the 'Gohar Mahal'(also called Nazar Bagh) in
Bhopal.
 She ruled till 1837 when she died having adequately
prepared her daughter for ruling the state.
Sikander Jahan  In 1844, Sikander Begum succeeded her mother as the ruler
Begum of Bhopal. Like her mother, she too never observed purdah.
 She was trained in the martial arts, and fought many battles
during her reign (1844–1868).
 During the Indian rebellion of 1857, she sided with the
British and crushed all those who revolted against them.
 She did a lot of public welfare too – she built roads and
reconstructed the fort.
 She also built the Moti Masjid (meaning the Pearl Mosque)
and Moti Mahal (the Pearl Palace).
Shah Jahan  Sikander Begum's successor Shah Jahan Begum was quite
Begum passionate about architecture, like Mughal emperor Shah
Jahan.
 She built a vast mini-city, called Shahjahanabad after her.
 She also built a new palace for herself, the Taj Mahal (not
to be confused with the famous Taj Mahal at Agra).
June 10, 2020 35

 She built many other beautiful buildings as well, including

Ali Manzil, Amir Ganj, Barah Mahal, Ali Manzil, Be nazir
Complex, Khawasoura, Mughalpura, Nematpua and Nawab
Manzils.
Kaikhusrau Jahan  Sultan Kaikhusrau Jahan Begum, ( July 1858 – 12 May

Begum 1930) daughter of Shah Jahan Begum, succeeded her in
1901, ruling to her abdication in favour of her son in 1926.
 She further advanced the emancipation of women and
established a modern municipality in 1903.
 She had her own palace Sadar Manzil (the present
headquarters of Bhopal Municipal Corporation); yet
preferred the quiet and serene environment at the outskirts
of the city.
 She developed her own walled mini-city, named
Ahmedabad after her late husband (not to be confused
with Ahmedabad, Gujarat).
 This city was situated at Tekri Maulvee Zai-ud-din, which
was at located a distance of a mile from the fort.
 She built a palace called Qaser-e-Sultani (now Saifia
College).
 This area became a posh residency as royalty and elite
moved here. The Begum installed the first water pump here
and developed a garden called 'Zie-up-Abser'.
 She also constructed a new palace called 'Noor-us-Sabah',
which has been converted into a heritage hotel.
 She was the first president of the All India Conference on
Education and first chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim
University
June 10, 2020 36

June 10, 2020 37


MP Dynasties

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

MP Dynasties

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PRELIMS CRASH COURSE (25th July) – OJAS MPPSC

June 10, 2020 11

Major Dynasties of Madhya Pradesh

June 10, 2020 12

June 10, 2020 13

Region Core region

 The Gondwana region includes core region of eastern part of

 The wider region extends beyond these, also including parts

Rajgonds  The Gondwana Kingdom was ruled by Rajgonds.

Who are Rajgonds?

Southern Gondwana Chanda Kingdom of Chandrapur

Western Gondwana Kherla Kingdom of Betul

Chhindwara Gondwana Devgarh Kingdom of Chhindwara

June 10, 2020 14

History of Gondwana kingdom

June 10, 2020 15

Gond Kings of Garha Mandla / Upper Narmada Valley

 This was one of the first three Gond kingdoms of Gondwana.

June 10, 2020 16

June 10, 2020 17

Moved her  Rani moved her capital to Chauragarh in place of Singaurgarh.

 To fight a defensive battle, she went to Narrai situated

 At this stage Rani reviewed her strategy with her counsellors.

 He forced Mughul army to move back three times but at last

June 10, 2020 18

 Her martyrdom day(24th June 1564) is even today

Rani durgavati  Rani Durgavati's was a personality with varied facets.

Moghul  The Gonds are forced to accept Moghul overlordship.

June 10, 2020 19

June 10, 2020 20

Chanda Kingdom of Chandrapur

Kol Bhil  A man of great strength and wisdom.

Khandkya Ballal  Constructed the city of Chandrapur.

June 10, 2020 21

under the command of Diler Khan to attack the Gonds, forcing

June 10, 2020 22

Gond kingdom of Deogarh (Devgad)

Jatba /  Jatba's full name, Ajanbahu Jatbasha, is given to him because

June 10, 2020 23

Chandelas (AD 831 – 1569)

Nanuk  Founded the dynasty (831 AD)

Devi Jagdamba Temple at Khajuraho

June 10, 2020 24

Yashovarman /  Yashovarman is said to conquer many kingdoms during his

Dhangadev  Kalinjar becomes the kingdom's second capital.

Gauda (1002 -  Constructed the Jagdamba and Chitragupta temples.

Vidyadhara  Vidyadhara is one of the most celebrated of the Chandela

Vijaypal (1029 -  Shifted the capital to Mahoba

Kirtivarman  Kirttivarman was the son of the Chandela ruler Vijayapala.

Mandarvarman  The next important king of chandela dynasty was

Parmardidev  Parmardidev is probably the last independent Chandela king.

June 10, 2020 25

generals, Ahal and Udal, are particularly famous for the

Mohan Singh  Surja Ballal of the Gond kingdom of Chandrapur assists

Keeratrai  Gond vassal

June 10, 2020 26

Bundela Rajas of Bundelkhand (Orcha) (AD 1501 – 1947)

 The Bundelas are a Rajput clan of central India.

Rudra Pratap  Founder of the Orcha kingdom

Bharatichand  Bharatichand captures Chanderi, and in 1545 tries to stop Sher

Indramani  Chatrasal, a relative of the king, begins his struggle against

Jaswant Singh  During this period, Chatrasal, son of Champatrai, continues to