Research

In
Science
Sam Daniel l. Misola
GR-10 CATTLEYA
 Map of the Philippines
Philippines, island country of Southeast Asia in the western
Pacific Ocean. It is an archipelago consisting of more than
7,000 islands and islets lying about 500 miles (800 km) off the
coast of Vietnam. Manila is the capital, but nearby Quezon
City is the country’s most-populous city. Both are part of the
National Capital Region (Metro Manila), located on Luzon,
the largest island. The second largest island of the Philippines
is Mindanao, in the southeast.
TECTONIC PLATE OF THE
PHILIPPINES
The Philippine Sea Plate or the Philippine Plate is a tectonic
plate comprising oceanic lithosphere that lies beneath the
Philippine Sea, to the east of the Philippines. Most segments
of the Philippines, including northern Luzon, are part of the
Philippine Mobile Belt, which is geologically and tectonically
separate from the Philippine Sea Plate.

The plate is bordered mostly by

convergent boundaries:[2] To the
north, the Philippine Sea Plate meets
the Okhotsk Plate at the Nankai
Trough. The Philippine Sea Plate, the
Amurian Plate, and the Okhotsk Plate
meet near Mount Fuji in Japan. The
thickened crust of the Izu–Bonin–Mariana arc colliding with
Japan constitutes the Izu Collision Zone. The east of the plate
includes the Izu–Ogasawara (Bonin) and the Mariana Islands,
forming the Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc system. There is also a
divergent boundary between the Philippine Sea Plate and the
small Mariana Plate which carries the Mariana Islands. To
the east, the Pacific Plate subducts beneath the Philippine Sea
Plate at the Izu–Ogasawara Trench. To the south, the
Philippine Sea Plate is bounded by the Caroline Plate and
Bird's Head Plate. To the west, the Philippine Sea Plate
subducts under the Philippine Mobile Belt at the Philippine
Trench and the East Luzon Trench. (The adjacent rendition of
Prof. Peter Bird's map is inaccurate in this respect.) To the
northwest, the Philippine Sea Plate meets Taiwan and the
Nansei islands on the Okinawa Plate, and southern Japan on
the Amurian Plate.
FAULTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Tectonic Map of Far Northern Philippines including the
Philippine Fault System.

Tectonic Map of Northern Central Philippines including the

Philippine Fault System.
Tectonic Map of Central Philippines including the Philippine
Fault System.

Tectonic Map of Southern Philippines including the

Philippine Fault System.
Tectonic Map of Far Southern
Philippines including the Philippine
Fault System.

ACTIVE OCEAN RIDGES OR

UNDERWATER VOLCANOES
Submarine volcanoes are underwater vents or fissures in the
Earth's surface from which magma can erupt. Many
submarine volcanoes are located near areas of tectonic plate
formation, known as mid-ocean ridges. The volcanoes at mid-
ocean ridges alone are estimated to account for 75% of the
magma output on Earth. Volcanic activity during the
Holocene Epoch has been documented at only 119 submarine
volcanoes but there may be more than one million
geologically young submarine volcanoes on the ocean floor.
Although most submarine volcanoes are located in
the depths of seas and oceans, some also exist in shallow
water, and these can discharge material into the atmosphere
during an eruption. The Kolumbo submarine volcano in the
Aegean Sea was discovered in 1650 when it erupted, killing

70 people on the nearby island of Santorini. The total number

of submarine volcanoes is estimated to be over 1 million
(most are now extinct), of which some 75,000 rise more than
1 km above the seabed.
PLACES UNDER THE MARIKINA
WEST VALLEY FAULT

 San Mateo  Calamba

 Pasig  Quezon
City
 Muntinlupa
 Santa Rosa
  Taguig
 Carmona
 Biñan
The west segment, known as the West Valley Fault (WVF) is
one of the two major fault segments of the Valley Fault
System which runs through Metro Manila to the cities of
Marikina, Quezon City, Pasig, Makati, Taguig and
Muntinlupa and moves in a dominantly dextral strike-slip
motion. The West Valley Fault segment traverses from Doña
Remedios Trinidad to Calamba with a length of 129.47
kilometers (80.45 mi).

Based on kinematic block models that utilize GPS, actual fault

geometry, and earthquake focal mechanisms, the West
segment of the Marikina Fault was resolved to be almost fully
locked, meaning it is currently accumulating and loading
elastic strain, at the rate of 10 to 12 mm/yr.The fault possesses
a threat of a large scale earthquake with an estimated
magnitude between 6–7 and as high as 7.6 to Metro Manila
and surrounding provinces with death toll predicted to be as
high as 35,000 and some 120,000 or higher[6] injured and
more than three million needed to be evacuated.
99 private villages and subdivisions inside 80 barangays are
traversed directly by the fault[8] and endangers 6,331
buildings in a span of 2,964.10 square kilometers (1,144.45 sq
mi), to where majority are houses with 19 schools included in
the list.

ACTION PLANS OF PHIVOLCS AREAS LOCATED

ON THE ACTIVE FAULT
 National Volcano Monitoring and Warning
 National Earthquake Monitoring and Information
 National Tsunami Monitoring and Early Warning
 Earthquake Hazards Assessment and Research and
Development
 Volcano Hazards Assessment and Research and
Development
 PHIVOLCS Risk Information Management
Assessment
 Landslide Monitoring, Early Warning and Risk
Assessment
 Volcano, Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster
Preparedness And Risk Reduction
 Leadership Enhancement and Development
(LEAD)
 Strategic Human Resource Management and
Development (SHRMD)
 Strategic Performance Assessment and
Development for Excellence (SPADE)
 Strategic ICT Management and Development
(StrICT)
 Financial Management and Administrative Support
THE END.