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Croqui de Oscar Niemeyer

CONJUNTO MODERNO DA
PAMPULHA

Foto: Ricardo Laf


CONJUNTO MODERNO DA PAMPULHA
O Conjunto Moderno da Pampulha é conformado por uma situação paisagística que
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Foto: Ricardo Laf

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