Quan Ly Chuoi Cung Ung - Nguyen Cong Binh

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QUAN LY CHUO! CUNG UNE “Che mmAn mem ed Baw we quan uy cuud cune Cue Chasroat cag iow aa aoe tow ee won ain cn i A, in al pin v8 wn an Birch vo CA hed i Sank ty eye oe Fei cas dng cane Gy a cp SU Shan 0 do th tro pt hn MT Sark atte pl hy ont Biss atshctrdince taive'esias Sachin one Suit ome i 6 abil bag ie it a tenga Whine cng bn Yu vow chu cont emt Bay cs atte oe ote castes Ud ca sty gv in vas tg hi ng ing Biv eft tad rene ds vegas on Gang - "Thye hhnh quin ly chudi cung ding duce soi din bai hing khai niém nén tang von Khong thay di tir ahiéu thé kj qua. Céch day hang trim nim, Na Pha Luin da la mot chién luge gia bac théy va la vi tng tudng tanh tai ba va Gibu may cho thay ng 48 hiGu ro vé im quan trong ela hang gi ma ngay nay ching ta goi 1a chudi cung tg hidu ‘qui. Néw binh link khong duge cho an di, quan oi #5 khong thé di chuyén, ang giting nhu vay, e6 mot danh ngén khée “KE nghiép du noi vé ehién luge va chuyén gia néi vé hau edn”. Ngubi ta 6 th6 thf lui moi iu chigh luge ¥¥ dai va cube didn tap chap nhoang nhung khong ai trong s6 ching s@ kh thi na | hong tim ra trude het céch théa man nhiing nbu céu cung i ‘ep hing ngay cho quan di vé nhién lieu, phy tang, thye | phim, ch tra din va dan duge. Chinh nhung hoat dong ed vi tin min cia ede a9 quan hau edn va doi mg cung tng sb quyét dinh ay thanh cing ein quan doi. Trong kinh doanh, cng tong ty nhu thé, ‘Thuat new “quan Iy chubi eung ting” xu hign cud nhing nam 80 va trd non phé bign trong nhong nim 90. Trude dé, ede ebng ty si dung thuft gi nhu “hu efn"Uogisties) vi ‘quin IY cde host dng” (operations management). Dui day la mgt vai dinh nghia vé chudi cung ding: hubi cung «ng 1a sy lién két ede dng ty nhim du sain phim hay dich vy vao thi truimg" — "Fundaments of Logistics Management" cia Lambert, Stock vi Bllram (1998, Boston MA: Irwin/McGrave-Hill,e.14) ‘Chudi cung dng bao gém moi céng don ef lis és logn 66 1ién quan, trye tidp hay gidn tip, dén vige dép cing nhu edu khich hang. Chu6i cung ting Khong chi gém nha sin xuft vA nha eung ep, ma edn nha van chuyén, kho, raguti bén 18 va bin than khéch hang ~ “Supplychain management: strategy, planing and operation” cia Chopra Sunil va Ptor Meindl, 2001, Upper Saddle Riverm NI: Prentice Hall ¢.1) ‘Chudi cung sng [4 mGt mang Iudi ede Ive chon sin sus va phan phoi nhl thye hign ede chide nang thu ‘mua nguyén Tigu, chuyén d6i nguyén ligu thinh bin sin pham va thanh phim, va phan phdi ching cho Kkhiéch hang’ ~ “An introduction to supply chain management" Ganesham, Ran and ‘Terry P.Harrison, raze id Torry P.Harrison, * Vige KEL hyp mot edch hp thing, chign huge ede chute ning Kinh doanh truyén thing va adch luge gitta cdc hte nang kinh doanh d6 trong pham vi mot eong ty yA git ede cing ty trong pham vi chubi cung ang, nlm mye dich edi thign Ket gud lau dai eva timg cong. ty va toan bo chudi cung ting’ ~ Montzor, De Witt, Deebler, Min. ‘Tit ede dinh nghia tron of thé rat ra mt dinh nghta vé hob cung dog. + Quin ly chudi eung tng 1a su phéi hop ciia sin audit, tin bho, dia diém va van chuyén gia ede thank wien trong chudi eung ung nhim dap ung nhip nhang va higu qua ode nhu odu ella thi (rung C6 mot su Ihde bipt gion Khai nigm quan ly chubi eung sing va khsii nigm hau edn truyén thong, Hau cin la nbiing hhogt dong xay ra trong ranh gidi mOt cong ty nhé va hws feung ting I& mang ludi ede cong ty cing am vige vA hop te é phan phot sin phim dén thi trang. Hgu cin truyén thong ehi tap trung chi ¥ vao ede hoat dong nhu thu mus, phan phdi, bio tr, va quan If tin kho, Quin ly chudi cung ling khong chi gém hgu edn truyén théng ma edn bao gm cée hogt dong nhu tiép thi, phat tridn sin phim mdi, tai tchinh, va dich vu khich hing. Voi quan diém Ong hon vé chubi cung ing, ese hoat ding. phy nay ngdy nay duge eoi 1A mot phin cbng viee cfm thye hhign adi vi 401 hoi cia khéch hang. Quan ly chudi eung dng coi chubi cung ding va ede cng ty 1a mot thue thé de nhs. INé dem lai mot ech tiép ef hp thong 4@ hidu va quan ly cede hogt dong khée nhau edn st hop dong san phiim va djeh ‘wa kim phye wt Kkhéch hang tt ahét, Phuong phap he théng nay dem lai mOt khudn khd trong 46 dap ung tt nha ee nhu edu kinh doanh mA theo eich Khde dung nhif mau ‘hud Hin nhau. ‘Tch rigng. ra, ede nha edu chudi cung img khée nhau thug 66 ahitng nhu edu tréi ngage nhau. Ching han, the cfu duy tr ec mute d§.ca0 dich vu khéch hang di hor fo y tri ee mie d) oxo hang tin kho, nhumg nhu edu kinh dork ving ud Tai d0i hol gidm hang t8n eho, Chi Khi nhing nu eke ny duge xem xét cing nhau nhu la ede tranh dn thi mi tim ra eéeh diéu hoa his Kkhéch nhau eta ching. phn ea mot bite igu qua ede doi hai ting higu qua doi héi edi ida déng Ww Khdch hang va tinh higu qui ede Pett Mone mdi WO eta cbng ty trong chubi cung dng. Dich cs Roch hang 9' mie ea bin mht e6 nghta Ia lion led av eh 55 M4 dng dom AB hog cao, 65 giao hdng ding thot hes So es ana sin phim Khéch hang hang tri lai v3 ba ety Soe hii Tint higu qué trong ngi bp cong ty trong mate chub cung tng cé nghia Ik cde ng ty nay 06 ty a6 dha her Yn du two hang idm kho va vo ee tai sin Khe hay dng ‘a ho o6 ech gidm thigu ede chi phé si xuit va kinh deach Mb: chub cong dg dtu of mot kiéw nh elu thi trang Banat tiuich 46° kink doanh rieng nhung ede vn db v8 oe Enea Fign Aha tong tig cho. Che dng ty trong bl hp abt Sum ng mo cong pha Guy6t dinh iby wh chung trong 5 link we sau: 1, Sin sudt — thi trdong musn loai sin phém nao? Cin 2 lana tan kho ~ O mi giai doan trong mot chubi eang M4 mil hang nao? Can dy trit bao nhieu fHven lidu, bin thank phim hay thinh phdm? Moe acy woe pitt cla hing tén 1a hot dong nw mot bg phi gids *Se cho tinh trang bit dink trong chub eung tng. Tay nhieu 8 eae zi chudi cung ting nay dén vi tri chudi cung ting khdc aq da Jigu va chi ty phye vy. ' taind std cicchr geste || oe mimic rl Vth At cb nA nh i tnt np HAE aitag deo dud aking gite mang hin hao vit dling v8 cut# neat ‘io ‘aig tno Mean 0 9B ee {an i ls a dt Toy ie og | sg ie th ho hy i a cha can pg | | thd 18 caich Alexander qui Iy a5, Me sie aa hin da wld Eng M ul. Donald Engels ‘4a ohn ci ri ty ty rang ub sich cet Ong Ateraer the rear and he Costs of Mteidontan my dona ome (Eales. Donald W. 1978 Alenaider the great and the Cogtcs of Macadontin Army, Los Angels. A Univers a Calor Pes lg bt ch ek ti 8 hah cd ing 1 enon cht ach a cro str cumg cp qutn hu 0 qucin Wi mgt Ong ty hig A ig gah. on mk Cas ia shite ld itn chaydn mds harmg idm gusty nha ous quitng duty di i ‘Big satu cam brn oa exc xa ham ee a alee ay . cial in sg Ed. Sa tS te 4 hihi gun nt nbc fn Te ln etd AF hank Bg cich dig oe nt hb seh fb ayo ch $n he ck cg pha ch soontchogha ‘ei ha ph a cg © ren dung ct Ar ee git dh Ment <8 dng inn nich sch gal aan re Qn deseo cok edna | 10 2 lr AK wk ke quit dB ect th. Cie ut ec thi | £5 59 aut cb 08 hg A gut dich ow dng hag 8 brah in chit tha 0! quit dO chan 0 hag xe new ae wa eS ‘dB mang tie bch: ph eV 1 gat ea Alexander est dma a by ham cht a. Cade gt 8 dmg oh Ai kg vu ch eh lnk many eke 10g og he dp gl ch da nay dai hin i Ke gtd la co dng bo quinone ns crt ie Pitas tal ec ing cs ng td Bic rah mtd ich Alexander qt W chad cana mde bck hi oy. Ch ha, ee noun i he ba dB cp ng era | {LW ng rid doing tm. ng ca stu hing cK att | ing dt it cn xp er rt lak go dur phaong cung cp gun nh md auth 9 Sng cl bu ving ni khong de iag Ong eae Bexander s king cho gute AQ dng he trata ving dtr Ong 3 ‘hong iba mi 3 qt dQ ng 2 tok hung 6K 8 ea ha hy bhi hae: ph dir Thay mio oS Bg oh tap tinh oko v8 ae 18 tink oud mon Ah ii sad 8 ro me ue Iya xy bate ng cho tt phurag, Que dev chin sap saw tne ong cht cha dn th Alexander thy che ch 6b gun mh bp, i eA md ast ap imc ma di kit te mbt ote sg hy cab, Sa dee ts dled mt te bac ch db igube Aewamder. dom thes mt lg gu nh. nd dB teat ae mie dng cho bn AI it Roach dl ten wa ia nt cha “| U8 is hong qn nb, XI Mik gute ia dQ ted th oe rid db ci ay Bhagat cst sn 188 ma ching 2 ‘hart ethan tnd sa 30 wha mb ddr dng dan ca ec ie coh dé nt 0d gute dQ eld hg hae oy i mo on aah Asim Kb 0s | est se Wt te thom ch ca cung ta Ba: Og Be ich tp chm he ding i ha ob [REA ne inner alr ch | 1 Ong cling thin mgcun tinh socn bi rt cho mhamg u san Pung ting. BIM chit ct Sng rhusmag cng hom eeiete lank cab, Tar rhino un thd ge chan cc chon a cha ho ros | ere Atenander anal " ana mri ci dren | ‘hi chad cang ting CiHUd1 GUNG UNG HoT DONG NHU THE NAO? Mye dich hay nhiém wy cia vige quin ly chudi cung img 6 thé duige dinh nghia theo céch cia Ong Goldratt gia tang s0 lugng dau vao déng thai giim ed hing tén Kho va chi phi kinh doanh”. Tuy theo thi trudmg phue vu doanh s6 hay s6 lugng déu vao 6 thé phat sinh vi nhiéu Iy do khde nhau. O mot s6 thi trutng nay, khdch hang S@ dinh gid va s@ sn sang tra cho nhiing mie 4d phue vy cao. GO cée thi trutng khéc, khéch hang chi tim mat, hang c6 gi thap. Nhu ching ta da théy trong phén tride e6 nam Iinh ‘wee ma ede quydt dinh eda céng ty s@ xe dinh nang Iye ¢hudi cung ting cia ho: Sin xudt; hang tén kho; vi tri; vn chuyén; va théng tin. Chopra va Meindl dink nghia eée linh vye nay Ia cae yéu w dan dat két qua c6 thé quan If dé tao ra nang lye cén thiét cho mot chubi cung ting cho sin. Quin Iy chubi cung img higu qui trude het ddi héi mot sy hiéu biét timg yeu W din dat va edch nd van hhanh. MOi you 16 din dit 66 kha nang tae dng tryc tiép én chubi cung ing va cing c6 mot 86 nang Ie nhat inh. Buse tiép theo la phat trién céch danh gid két qua 6 duge nhés pha ten nhing eéch két hop khae nhaw déi ¥6i cde yéu 6 din dat, Ching ta hay tim hiéu tong yéu t6 din dat mot San Xuat San xudit 1d néi dén nding lye ctia chubi cung ting dé san xuit va tén trit san phim, Cae phuwng tign sin xust 1a cde nha may va kho. Quyét dinh eo ban dat ra cho ede fgidm de khi quyét dinh sin xudt 1a lam thé nao dap 8 ng nhanh va higu qua. Néu cde nha may va kho die xiy dung du thiza cong suat, ching 86 rt linh hogt va dap ting mau chong nhu clu san phim da dang. Cée nha méy la noi ma tat ed hay hau nh tat ed edng sut dang duge sit dung khong da dé dap ing dé dang nhing thay 6i vé nhu céu, Mat khic, cong suit ton titn va cong suit du thima 1A cong suat vo ich khong duge sit dung va Khong phat sinh Ioi nhugn. Vi thé edng tén tai nhiéu cong suat thu, sdn xuét cang kém higu qua. Cée nha may 6 thé duge xay dung nhiim thich hop ‘di mot trong hai phuong phap san xudt sau 1. Tam diém sin phdm— Mot aha may theo phuong phap tim diém sdn xudt thue hign mot loat ede hoat dong san xuft khac nhau dé tao ra dong san phim dinh sin tir vige ch tao cde b phn sin phim khée nhau cho dén vige ldp rap thanh sin pham hoan chinh, 2.2am diém chite nang ~ Phuong phap chide ning ‘tép trung vao vide thye hign chi mét vai hoat dong sin xuiit nh chi ché tao mot sO b9 phéin hay chi lam cong don lép rép: Cac chic nang nay 06 thé duge ap dung dé san xudt nhiéu logi sin phim khiée nhau. Phuong phap sin pha e6 xu hudng chuyén phat trign mot loai san phdm véi sy thanh thao mot chic nang 4 bigt nao dé. Phung phap chic nang chuyén vé cede chife ning cu thé thay vi chuyén vé mot sin phéim sin ¢6. Cée cdng ty edn quyét dinh chon phuong phép nao hay két hyp hai phuong phap nhu thé nao dé di céng suat va chuyén mén en thidt d€ dap ting tat nhat nhu edu cla Khéch hang, Cang nhy nha may, kho hing eng e6 thé duge thigt “ ké dé thich ting voi cdc phuong phap khac nhau. Cé ba ‘phuong Pha chinh duge si dung cho kho hang: Liat Hho theo dan vi — Toto phasing sy ya nay, tét ed sin phém eng’ loi duge ha gic a Bay Ja mét cach luv trif sin phdm higu qua va dé hig. 2, Lamu ko theo céng nang ~ Theo phung phap nay, tét ed sin phim khée nhau c6 lién quan dén nhu cdu cia Jogi khach hang no 46 hay 1ién quan dén aha céu mot hag vige cu thé nto 46 duge Iu trit chung véi,nhaw Digu nay cho phép. My va déng g6i higu qui abung thitng di hot nhiéu kh6ng gian luw tr han, so vd phucing php lu kho theo den vi truyén thong. 8. Lut kho chéo ~ Bay la phucmg phép cho Wal-Mart 4i tién phong nhim nang cao higu sudt chudi cung ting. ‘Theo phuang phap nay, sin phém thye sy khong duge tén tri trong kho hang. Thay vao dé kho hang ding dé chia quy trinh ma trong 46 ede xe tai dén tir nha cung cap va tdi xuGng mt Iuong Lén sin phdm khée nbau Nhimg 16 hang dn nay sau dé duge chia thinh nhiing 10 hang nhé hon. Nhing 1 hang nhé ede sin phim Khic nhau duve sip xép Iai theo nhu cdu hang ngay uf ma chéng duge chéit len xe tdi ché hang dé phan phéi sin phém én diém giao hang cuéi cing, Hang tén kho Hang tn ob mat trong suét chudi cung dng va bao gém moi thi tir nguyén ligu din ban thanh: pham dén thank phim ma duge ede nha sin wut, nha phan phét va nha ban Ié trong chudi cung dog ndm gid Mot lain hifa, ede gidm 46e phai quyét dinh bo mudn ty dat minh 16 vao dau kkhi cain nhie gita tinh sin sang dép dng voi inh higu qua. Tén trae mot lugng én hang cho phép mot cong ty hoc toa bo chubi cung dng dip ing nhanh vi nhiing thay d6i vé nhu edu khich hang. Tuy nhién, vieo sin xudt va Iuu tra hang tén Kho tén kém va dé dat due tinh higu qué eao, chi phi cho hang tén kho phai cang thip cang tt. €6 3 quyét dinh ca bin phai thye hign vé sin xudtt va tn tras hang tén kho: 1. Hang tn kho chu kj ~ Day la luyng hang tin edn €6 dé thod man nhu edu siin pham trong ky gita cae ldn thu mua sin phim. Cac cong ty thutng sin xudt va thu ‘mua ede 10 hing lén 48 duye loi tir mua si. Tuy nhién véi cfc 16 hang 16n cing o6 thé lam tang chi phi trung chuyén. Chi phi trung chuyén gém chi phi Iau tri, xit ly, va bio hiém hang tén kho. Cae nha quin Iy phai ean hdc gitta gidm chi phi dat hang’va gid ré hon do mua ong Ion sin phaim voi chi phi trung chuyén eta chu kj hang v6n tang do mua hang theo ede 16 hang ln, 2.Hang tén kho an toin ~ Hang tén kho dude coi bila bp phan gidm xéc chéng Iai bait én. Néu 06 thé dv doin nhu edu chinh xée thi chi ein 6 hang tén theo kigu hang tén chu kj. Nhung vi dif dodn lubn ¢6 mot ‘mide bat 6n nhit dinh nén ching ta luén phai tn kho thém dé du phong trutng hop nhu edu dot ngot tang eao han dy doin. Sy.can nhde d day 1A lung gis gitta chi phi trung chuyén cia hang tén kho thém voi chi phé cia doanh thu bi mat do khong dij hang tén kho, 3-Hang tn thoi vw ~ day Wa hang tén duge dye tr nbim tién ligu gia tang nhu edu tai nhtng thei diém 16 Iisa ne dog v6 ends abn wate dink ent Chay, i Bef dn xudt Gn dinh quonh adm va tn tr hing trong Mes soa cu ty afta So aoee WS SE on msn mat eng nn § cho vide tén trit hang theo mia Ia dau tu vao cac Be tas sates is tide wane ote ee nhu cau gia tang. Trong truting hop nay su re nhéie 1a, fide ep wang hus ce Rang tb theo mi vai ch phi cia viée d4u tu dé ¢6 thém nang luc sin xuit linl + a Vj tii la vige chon dia diém v8 mat dia ly cia ede Phuong, tidn cia chub cung dng. NS cing bao in fe ant dn Lien quan dfn ang oat dng cin. dae thee ito bei tig phumg tit. dy, cn nhs gn tn dap tng nhanh voi tinh higu qua 1A quyét dinh 06 ein tap trung ede hoat ding 4 mot vai vj ti nhiim giim dure chi phi nh quy mo va hu qu bay gn howt dag ra nhiéu vi tri gin véi khdch hang va nha cung ep 48 hoat dong d4p tng nhanh hon. Khi dua ra quyét dinh vé vi tr, cde aha quan ly edn xem xét m@t logt nhin té lien quan voi mét vi tri nto 46, bao gém chi ph phuong tign, chi phi nhan cong, ky ning sin e6 ela le Iumng Tao dng, cfe did kin of 99 hag téng, thué va thué quan, va su gin gui véi ode m cing clip vA khfch hing, Ce gy di v6 Wf te ob hudng la nhing quyét dinh mang tinh chién luc vi Ww Cae quyét dink vé vj tri 06 tae don; manh mé dung va phan phéi san phdm ra thj ‘trutmg. if quyét dinh 6 day rat quan trong, a lg 6 6 cach van chuyén co 7 ae huyén eg bin ma mot céng ty o6 thé 1.Tau hidu qua v8 chi phi 8 v6 chi phi nhung ong 1a céch thite Siete cham nit, Ciich van chuyén nay chi o6 thé Taine che ee vi tri éng gin dvong thuy ahi edng va ae Re Ma tng higu qua vé chi phi nhumg cing ham: Gach thiie nay cing bi gidi han si dung vi phy thud, dung ray, i 18 3.Dudng éng rit higu qui nhung bj gidi han chi cho hing mat hang la chat long hode khi dét nhu nude, déu hay ki d6t ty nhion 4.Xe tai la eéch thie van chuyén tuong ai nhanh va linh hoat. Xe tai e6 thé di hau hét ede noi. Chi ph cho eich thite niy rat dao dong vi sy thay 46i gid xang déu vi didu kign duing 4 5, May bay la cich van chuyén rit nhanh va d4p tng rat nbanh. Day cing la each thi rét ton kém va eb phin bi gigi han béi tinh sin cé ede phi trvong thich bgp. 6.Van chuyén dign ti la céch thie vin chuyén hanh nhét va rt link host vi higu qui v8 chi phi. Tuy hidn né chi duce ding 48 van chuyén mot sf Toai sin phim nha dinh nhw ning lung din ti, dir ligu va eae sin phdm di ligu nw am nhge, hinh anh va van ban. Gan day cong nghé cho phép ching ta chuyén d6i vat chat sang nding lung va trd lai vat chét 66 thé hoin foan viet Iai ly thuyét va deh thye hanh quin Iy chubi ung ing. V6i ede ech thie vin chuyén Khée nheu va vi tx phuong tien trong chudi cung ting, ese nha quin ly cén lip ra 1p trinh vai mang lui di chyén sin phim. Lo tinh la 16i di ma qua do san phém van dong va mang Jui bao gém vige thu thép eéc I6i di va cde phusng tién duge Ket n6i bai ede Ii di 46. Nguyen tée chung la gi tj sin phdm cang cao (vf dy nhu ede thanh phan dign tit hay duge phém) mang lusi van chuyén cane nhiin manh tinh dip ting nhanh vi gi tri sin phdm edng hap (vi du nhu mat hang Ion nh‘ gao va 96) mang lati ing nhdin manh tinh higu qua. 19 Tibagtin ade ug ‘Thong tin Ia nén tang dua ra quy6t dinh liém quan dén bin yu t din dt chudi cung ing. N6 la sy két not gta td i cdc hoat dong va hoat ding sin xudt trong ehudi cung ting Ki sy kit n6i nay 1a mot ay ket ndi vang chée (nghte Ta oy gu ehinh xe, Kip Ii, va day di), ting cong ty trong chub ume tng 8d 05 ede quyét dinh chinh xée cho hoat ding rieng ella ho. Day cing 1a xu hudng t6i da héa tinh Igi nhusn toon 9 chubi cung dng. Nhw eich nay thj trutng o6 phi hay ede fbi trig tx do kha oat dng va ede chu cung ing cong 6 mhong dong Iye nhu ede thi trvdmg ‘rong hilt ky chubi cung tng no thing tin duge sit dong vihal mye dich L PROI hop cée.hogt dng hang ney v6i chic nang ela ben yu 06 din dit chubi cung ing: sdn xu, hang tn, vj tei, va van chuy6n. Trong chubi cung ting cdc cong ty at dong ede

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