Contents

1. An informal email giving advice-------------------------------------------------------2

2. An informal email giving an eyewitness account------------------------------------6
3. A semi-formal thanking letter----------------------------------------------------------10
4. A formal email of complaint-----------------------------------------------------------14
5. A for-and-against essay-----------------------------------------------------------------18
6. An opinion essay-------------------------------------------------------------------------22
7. An essay suggesting solutions to problems-------------------------------------------26
8. A transactional letter --------------------------------------------------------------------30

An informal email giving advice.

An informal email asking for advice can be sent to a friend. The details of the

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problem should be mentioned. An email giving advice should contain suggestions
introduced with appropriate language.
When we write an informal email giving advice, we divide it into three parts:

Introduction
Paragraph 1 - reason(s) for writing
Main Body
Paragraphs 2-4 - description of problem(s)
Conclusion

Greeting: Dear (name),

Para 1: Opening remarks

Para 2: Expressing understanding of the problem

Para 3: First suggestion and expected result
Para 4: Second suggestion and expected result
Para 5: Closing remarks
Sign off: Yours,/ Best wishes,
(name)
Useful Phrases

Opening remarks (Introduction)

I'm sorry to hear you're having problems and of course I'd be happy to help.

I hope the following advice will be of some help to you ...

I was sorry to hear about your problem ...

I just got your email and I think I can help you ...

Here is what I think you should do.

Main Body

Giving advice
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If I were you I would ... Have you tried …?

I would suggest that ... If I were you, I’d …

It would be a good idea to ... In my experience, … works really well

The best advice I can give you is ... One thing you could/should/have to do
is …
What you should do is ...
If I was/were in your place, I’d …
I really think you need to/must/should
If that happened to me ...
How about …?
In that case ...
It is usually a good idea to ...
If I had that problem, I’d …
My suggestion/advice is (to) ...
You’d better …
Why don’t you …?
Have you thought about …?
You could try …

Expected results

This will/would mean that……

If you do this, you will….so that you can

Closing remarks

I trust you will accept this advice... Hope this has helped...

I hope this will be of help to you... Let me know what happens.

I would very much like to know if this

was helpful...

The sample of an informal email giving advice.

Your English pen friend, Conrad, has very overprotective parents who never let him go out with
friends, as they are worried about his schoolwork. Write Conrad an email. In your email:

 support you friend

 give some advice how to reach a compromise with the parents
 express hope that things will go well

Hi, Conrad Greetings

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 How are you and your family? It seems a long time since I last opening
wrote. remarks
Sorry to hear that your parents don't let you go out with your exspressing
friends. I understand you so don’t give up. Maybe you could try to support
reach a compromise with them .
I think you can do your homework at the weekend then you'll have giving some
more free time after school or you can do homework after school, then advice
your weekends will be free. But in my opinion, the best option is to do
only important for your future job subjects. Then you'll be successful
and have more free time, because you will study less subjects. Your
parents will be sure about your future.
I hope things are getting easier now and you’ll find time to drop expressing
me a line with your news about your free time with your friends. hope
Bye 4 now. Hope this has helped. Let me know what happens. closing
remarks
Yours, Alla Written by Alla Kuz’ko sign off

Now you try

1.Your English pen friend Kate has written a letter asking for advice on how to get into shape.
Write an email offering advice:

 sympathise with your friend’s problem

 give advice
 express hope that things will turn out well
2.Your English pen friend has written a letter asking for advice. He has exams coming up soon and
he feels so stressed. What do you think he should do? Write an email offering advice:

 support you friend

 give advice how to overcome stress and get ready for the exams
 express hope that things will turn out well
3. Your English pen friend, Conrad, has very overprotective parents who never let him go out with
friends, as they are worried about his schoolwork. Write Conrad an email. In your email:

 support you friend

 give some advice how to reach a compromise with the parents
 express hope that things will go well
4. Your pen friend is new at school and he hasn’t made any friends yet. Write an email:

 tell you friend that you understand him

 give some advice how to make friends
 assure him that everything will go well

For notes
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An informal email giving an eyewitness account
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 An informal email giving an eyewitness account can be sent to a friend. The
details of the place and events should be mentioned and introduced with appropriate
language.
When we write an informal email giving an eyewitness account, we divide it
into three parts:
Introduction
Paragraph 1 - reason(s) for writing
Main Body
Paragraphs 2-4 - description of the eyewitness events, place and feelings
Conclusion

Greeting: Dear/Hi, (name)

Para 1: Opening remarks

Para 2: describing the place and events

Para 3: what happened in the end
Para 4: describing the feelings
Para 5: Closing remarks
Sign off: Yours,/ Best wishes,
(name)

Useful Phrases

Opening remarks (Introduction)

It’s great to hear from you.
Sorry it's taken me so long to write back.
I haven't written for ages but … I’ve been really busy recently.
You’ve to know that I’ve witnessed.
You will never guess what I saw yesterday.
Guess what I saw…?
I witnessed something dreadful/exciting/shocking.
How are you?

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How are things (with you)?
How's it going
I hope you’re fine.
I hope you and your family are well.
Just thought I’d drop you a line.
Main Body
Setting the scene
We were walking along the road/ in the city centre/ on a busy/quiet street/on the
outskirts
Events
Suddenly, I saw a car/ a lorry swerve/skid across the road.
The driver turned left/overtook us/drove through a red light.
Minutes later, the car crashed into/collided with
I called the police/an ambulance
Feelings
We felt so relieved/shocked/upset/happy

Closing remarks
Hope to hear from you soon.
Write back soon and tell me your news.
Make sure you write soon!
Keep in touch!
Drop me a line if you have time!
Take care of yourself!

The sample of an informal email giving an eyewitness account.

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 Dear Mark, greetings
Hi! How are you? I’m very shocked about this day. I’m writing to opening remarks
tell about a robbery in the supermarket.
It was early in the morning. I went to the shop to buy a cup of place and time
coffee because I was too sleepy. All money was in the cash register. I
think the robbers chose that time deliberately. When I was waiting in
a queue, the robbers broke into the store.
You won’t believe. They had the guns and wore the black masks. details of the
They told us to lay down and shut up. To tell the truth, I was shocked. event
Then they demanded all the money which was in the cash register.
The cashier started to put money into the robbers' bag. All this time
they threatened us with guns. Then they took the bag and got away.
When they escaped I felt puzzled and scared. I did not know what I feelings
should do. The cashier called the police and then I went to work. All
day I was disorganized.
What do you think about it? Please write me as soon as possible. closing remarks
Sorry, but I need to go.
Best wishes, Written by Sasha Storchak sign off
Sasha

Now you try

1.You witnessed robbery at a supermarket yesterday. Write an email to your pen-friend explaining:

 why you were at the supermarket

 what happened
 how you felt during the robbery
2.You witnessed a boy drawing graffiti on the walls of the public buildings . Write an email to your
pen-friend explaining:

 what you saw

 what happened and what you did
 how you felt
3.You witnessed robbery at a bank. Write an email to your pen- friend. In your email:

 explain where you were there and why

 describe the event
 say how you felt
4. You witnessed a road accident last week. Write an email to your friend. In your email:

 describe what happened

 explain why you were there
 mention what you did
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 A semi-formal thanking letter
We write semi-formal letters to people that we do not know very well. They are

usually more polite than informal letters and are written in a neutral style. It is

important, when writing this type of letter, to make sure that our writing is neither too

formal nor too informal. Typical examples are letters parents send to school

principal, to teachers, to your landlord, boss

When we write a semi-formal thanking letter, we divide it into three parts:

Introduction
Paragraph 1 - reason(s) for writing
Main Body
Paragraphs 2-4 – thanking for hospitality and explaining what the benefit was
Conclusion
Greeting: To the Editor /Dear Sir or Madam/Dear Mr.Brown
Para 1: Opening remarks

Para 2: thank for hospitality

Para 3: explain what was of benefit
Para 4: restate thanks
Para 5: Closing remarks
Sign off: Yours faithfully, Faithfully yours, Yours truly, Truly yours, Best
regards,
(name and surname)
Useful Phrases

Opening remarks (Introduction)

I am writing with regard to …(recent review of the…)
I am writing to thank you very much for………
I am so grateful for……………..
Thank you so/ very much for…………
I just wanted to tell you how much I enjoyed/appreciated…..

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 Main Body

I can’t tell you how much I I shall always remember…..

appreciate……
You really made me feel…..
Thank you once again for…..

It was very kind of you to…..

Closing remarks
(We) would be grateful if you could … ,
Thank you in anticipation for …
Please write back to inform me if
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
The sample of an informal email giving an eyewitness account.
You have just returned from a youth summer camp. Write a letter to Mr. Evans, you
camp leader, thanking him for his efforts. Mention about:
 what activity you liked best
 how the camp has improved you confidence
 invite him for a meal with your family

Dear Mr Evans, Greetings

I'm writing to you because I want to tell you how opening remarks
much I enjoyed your summer camp. So, I enjoyed it
really much.
To tell the truth, I liked our trip to the rock near the activity you liked
river most. It is really great that we could climb it best
using rock climbing equipment. It was very fun for me
to gain new experience. I want to express my gratitude
to you for all your efforts. You are a very experienced
camp leader and I want to go to this camp next year.

This camp was so much good that I learned to climb. how the camp has
Seriously, I haven't done this before, and I suceeded. improved you
confidence

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 You are very experienced and responsible so I want invitation for a
to invite you for my family dinner. We)would be meal
grateful if you could come for dinner tomorrow, 25th of
January in our house at six o'clock. We will be waiting
for you. Our house is located at 221B Baker Street.

I look forward to hearing from you soon. closing remarks

Yours sincerely, sign off
Maksym Horak

Now you try

1.You have just returned from a youth summer camp. Write a letter to Mr. Evans, you
camp leader, thanking him for his efforts. Mention about:
 what activity you liked best
 how the camp has improved you confidence
 invite him for a meal with your family
2.You have just returned from England where you attended lessons at a language
school. During your visit, you stayed with a host family, the Smiths. Write a letter
thanking them for their hospitality during your stay. In the letter:
 state what you enjoyed most about your stay
 say how helpful your stay was
 invite the host family to stay at your home
3. You have just return from England where you took part in a charity event. During
you visit, you stayed with a host family. Write a letter thanking them for letting you
stay at their house. In the letter:
 tell them how successful the charity event was
 say what you have been doing since your return and thank them for their
hospitality
 invite them to visit your home
4. You have just return from England where you visited your friend. During you visit,
you stayed at your friend’s house. Write a letter thanking his parents for their
hospitality. In the letter:
 thank them for their hospitality and tasty food
 tell what you like most and why
 tell how you felt during your stay

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 A formal email of complaint
While writing a formal email of complaint you should focus on the most important
facts. Don't give unnecessary information. Complaint emails are usually addressed to
the customer service department. Use passives to be less direct and more formal, 
When we write a formal email of complaint, we divide it into three parts:

Introduction
Paragraph 1 - reason(s) for writing, the place and time of the event
Main Body
Paragraphs 2-3 –complaints with justifications and examples
Paragraph 4- action to be taken
Conclusion
Greeting: /Dear Sir or Madam/Dear Mr.Brown
Para 1: Opening remarks

Para 2: details of the first complaint

Para 3: details of the second complaint
Para 4: action to be taken

Para 5: Closing remarks

Sign off: Yours faithfully (when the letter starts Dear Sir/Madam)
Yours sincerely (when the letter starts Dear Mr./Ms. Jones)

Useful Phrases

Opening remarks (Introduction)

I am writing… regarding / in connection with / to complain about / to draw your
attention to / to express my dissatisfaction with ……
I have to say that I was not at all satisfied with…
I am sorry to say that I was extremely disappointed with…

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 Main Body
MAIN COMPLAINT

Firstly / In the first place / First of all.

The first thing I would like to draw your attention to is…
My first concern / complaint is…
FURTHER COMPLAINTS

Secondly / In the second place

In adition,
Moreover / In addition to this, …
Furthermore, …
To make matters worse, …
DEMANDING ACTION

I would like you to look into this matter, and let me know your decision.
I hope that this matter can be resolved…
I would like a full or partial refund as soon as possible.
We must insist on an immediate replacement/full refund.
I would be thankful / grateful if you… this week,
I will have no choice but to cancel my order.

Closing remarks
I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience .
I look forward to you explanation.
The sample of a formal email of complaint
You recently bought a mobile phone and were dissatisfied with the product and the customer
service. Write a formal email of complaint to the manager of the shop :

 give the reason why you are dissatisfied with your phone
 describe the problem with the customer service
 ask for refund

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 Dear Mrs. Halamaha, greetings
      I am writting to to express my dissatisfaction with the the reason of
phone that I bought in your shop three days ago. dissatisfaction
     To be honest, this phone was not very cheap. Firstly it did the problem with
not turn on right away. Secondly a charge to the phone and the the customer
headphones immediately broked down. Thirdly it does not hold service
the charge as long as I need. To make matters worse, there
were cracks on the screen. It puzzled me.
   
  Then I turned to the customer service in the shop but they asking for refund
told me that they could not give me my money back.That is why I
am writting to you. I would be very grateful if you would help
me. I hope that this matter can be resolved. I would like a full
refund as soon as possible.

     I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest closing remarks
convenience .
Yours sincerely, sign off
Solomiya Yurchyshyn

Now you try

1.You went to a restaurant and were unhappy with the service. Write a formal email of complaint
to the manager of the restaurant :

 give the reason for writing

 describe you problem ( you have to wait long for your order and were overcharged)
 ask for refund
2.You recently bought a mobile phone and were dissatisfied with the product and the customer
service. Write a formal email of complaint to the manager of the shop :

 give the reason why you are dissatisfied with your phone
 describe the problem with the customer service
 ask for refund
3.You recently attended a rock concert and were dissatisfied with the performance. Write a formal
email to the concert hall manager. In your letter:

 complain about the quality of the performance

 describe the problems you experienced
 ask for some form of compensation
4.You have recently seen a performance with your class but you were dissatisfied with it. As the
head of the student committee write an email to the theatre manager. In your email:

 state why you were upset

 explain what was wrong with the performance
 tell what you expect the manager to do

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 A for-and-against essay
A "for and against" essay is a formal piece of writing in which a topic is
considered from opposing points of view. You should present both sides in a fair way
by discussing them objectively and in equal detail. When we write a for-and-
against essay, we divide it into three parts:
Introduction
Main Body
Paragraphs 2-3 – arguments for and against with examples/justifications
Conclusion
Para 1: introduce topic
Para 2: arguments for and examples/justifications
Para 3 : arguments against and examples/justifications
Para 4: summarise points, state your opinion
Useful Phrases
Main Body
List and add points
In the first place Finally
To begin with In addition
Firstly Also
Secondly Furthermore
List advantages List disadvantages
The first /main advantage of…. The first/ main
disadvantage/drawback of….
One/another/an additional
advantage of….. One/another/an additional
disadvantage/drawback of…..
One point /argument in favour
of…. One point/argument against….
Introduce examples/justifications
for example to give an example
for instance therefore
for this reason as a result

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 Show contrast Although
However On the other hand
Conclusion
Introduce a conclusion Express an opinion
In conclusion I believe
All in all I think
To sum up In my opinion

The sample of a for-and-against essay.

You teacher has asked you to write an essay discussing the pros and cons of computer games. Write
you essay:

 introduce the topic

 give the arguments for
 give the arguments against
 summarise your opinion written by Maksym Udud

Nowadays, a lot of people play computer games. Is it introduction of topic

really bad?   This question has interested a lot of scientists
and psychologists for many years. This hobby has its pros
and cons.
There are benefits of playing computer games. In the first arguments for and
place, playing computer games is a relaxing activity which examples/justifications
can help you stay focused if it is a difficult game or can make
you enjoy the game process if it is a game that is based on
easy gameplay and beautiful graphics. Also, playing
computer games does not only help you to relax but it is also
used to develop individually. For example, if you play some
economic games, you will probably get experience in that
sphere of activity or if it is a game that is not translated into
a native language you will probably need to translate some
words to understand the essence of the game, so in that way
you learn the foreign languages. In addition, computer
games give you the ability to act and decide in sudden
situations faster.
On the other hand, this activity also has some arguments against and
disadvantages which can have a bad influence. For example, examples/justifications
playing computer games too much a day (at least 5 hours)
can cause a problem with sleeping which is called insomnia.
It is also known by psychologists that playing computer
games after 9 p.m can make people suffer from sleeping
problems. Another well-known fact is that computer games
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 make people violent. Certainly, the most popular
disappointing fact about this hobby is that it can cause
addiction as a result, people do not have enough time to do
something.
In conclusion, playing computer games is good if summarising points,
people do not play all time. But if the spent time in front of a giving your opinion
computer overruns the limit, an organism and a mental state
will be really damaged.
Now you try
1.You teacher has asked you to write an essay discussing the pros and cons of computer games.
Write you essay:

 introduce the topic

 give the arguments for
 give the arguments against
 summarise your opinion

2.You teacher has asked you to write an essay presenting the pros and cons of students using the
Internet for educational purposes. Write you essay:

 introduce the topic

 give the arguments for
 give the arguments against
 summarise your opinion

3.You teacher has asked you to write an essay presenting the pros and cons of teenagers owning
mobile phones. Write you essay:

 introduce the topic

 give the arguments for
 give the arguments against
 summarise your opinion

4.You teacher has asked you to write an essay discussing the pros and cons of using public
transport. Write you essay:

 introduce the topic

 give the arguments for
 give the arguments against
 summarise your opinion

5.You teacher has asked you to write an essay discussing the pros and cons of being a volunteer.
Write you essay:

 introduce the topic

 give the arguments for
 give the arguments against

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  summarise your opinion

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An opinion essay
An opinion essay is a formal piece of which presents the author’s point of view on
a particular subject supported by reasoning and examples.When we write an opinion
essay, we divide it into three parts:
Introduction
Paragraph 1 – introduction of the topic
Main Body
Paragraphs 2-3 – viewpoints(s)
Conclusion
Paragraph 4- your opinion

Para 1: introduce topic and state your opinion

Para2: first point of view and reasons /examples
Para3 : second point of view and reasons /examples
Para 4: restate opinion
Main Body

Useful Phrases
List points
In the first place Add points
In the second place In addition
To start with/To begin with Also
Firstly Furthermore
Secondly Moreover
Finally
Introduce examples/reasons and expand points
for example to give an example
for instance therefore
for this reason such as
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 in particular since
because in other words
Conclusion
Introduce a conclusion
In conclusion To sum up
All in all Taking everything into account
Express an opinion
I believe To my mind
I think /feel that The way I see it
In my opinion/view As far as I concerned…
The sample of an opinion essay.
3.Your class has had a discussion about the following statement: More people should eat healthy
food and stop eating junk food. Write an essay giving your opinion on the topic:

 introduce topic and state your opinion

 give the first point of view and reasons /examples
 give the second point of view and reasons /examples
 restate your opinion

Nowadays more and more people stop eating junk food. topic introduction
In my opinion all people should eat healthy food. I have got a
lot of friends who can not stop eating junk food, but they want
to. And I hope that everyone of us understands that it does
harm our health.

There are hundreds of reasons why should we stop eating the first point of
junk food. Firstly, nobody of us wants to look fat. That`s very view and reasons
bad if you like eating junk food because it can cause obesity /examples
and that is bad not only because you will look fat but also
obesity causes a lot of other problems. It can lead to the
problems with your stomach or something else. So you have to
think about it and it can be the motivation for you to stop eating
junk food.

Secondly, a lot of scientists say that if you like eating

junk food and you can not stop it, your memory will be bad the second point of
and in general, you will feel really bad. You will get tired very view and reasons
soon, so you will had a headache. That`s very bad, so you have /examples
to do all that can help you stop eating junk food.
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 Your life will be very bad, so you must stop eating junk
food. I understand it and I try to eat only healthy food. In my
opinion, you must not eat only healthy food. Sometimes you Opinion
can eat junk food too. But you have to remember that you
should not do this every day. And as for me that`s not very hard
to stop eating junk food, if you know what problems it can
cause.

Now you try

1.Your class has had a discussion about the following statement: More people should stop eating
meat and become vegetarian. Write an essay giving your opinion on the topic:

 introduce topic and state your opinion

 give the first point of view and reasons /examples
 give the second point of view and reasons /examples
 restate your opinion

2.Your class has had a discussion about the following statement: More people should stop buying
ready-made foods and prepare home-cooked meals instead. Write an essay giving your opinion on
the topic:

 introduce topic and state your opinion

 give the first point of view and reasons /examples
 give the second point of view and reasons /examples
 restate your opinion

3.Your class has had a discussion about the following statement: More people should eat healthy
food and stop eating junk food. Write an essay giving your opinion on the topic:

 introduce topic and state your opinion

 give the first point of view and reasons /examples
 give the second point of view and reasons /examples
 restate your opinion

4.Your class has had a discussion about the following statement: Should all children play team
sports? Write an essay giving your opinion on the topic:

 introduce topic and state your opinion

 give the first point of view and reasons /examples
 give the second point of view and reasons /examples
 restate your opinion

5.Your class has had a discussion about the following statement: Should children study at school
for 12 years? Write an essay giving your opinion on the topic:

 introduce topic and state your opinion

 give the first point of view and reasons /examples
 give the second point of view and reasons /examples
 restate your opinion
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 An essay suggesting solutions to problems.
Essays providing solutions to problems are pieces of writing in which we present
a problem and its causes, then discuss our suggestions as well as their expected
results. Such essays are normally written in semi-formal or formal style, depending
on who is going to read them and where it is going to be published. They are usually
found as articles in magazines, newspapers, etc.

To make our piece of writing more interesting to the reader, we can use certain
techniques to start or end it such as:

 addressing the reader directly. If you want to help the environment, there

are lots of things that you can do.
 using a quotation (a sentence/phrase from a book, a play, etc). Don't forget to
mention the name of the person who said / wrote it. … as American
anthropologist Margaret Mead said „We have nowhere else to go .. this is all
we have.“
 using a rhetorical question (a question that makes a statement rather than
expecting an answer). Is it important to protect endangered species?

When we write an essay suggesting solutions to problems, we divide it into three

parts:
Introduction
Paragraph 1 – problem and cause
Main Body
Paragraphs 2-3 – suggestions and results
Conclusion
Paragraph 4- your opinion

Para 1: state the problem and give the cause

Para2: first suggestion and expected result
Para3 : second suggestion and expected result
Para 4: summarise your opinion

Useful Phrases
Make suggestions

A useful suggestion would be to….

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Another solution…..

…could be solved by….

Another way to… is/would be to….

The situation could be improved if/by….

It would be a good idea if/to…..

It would help if…..

Give examples

for example in particular

for instance in other words

Present results/concequences
This would….. The effect/consequence/result
of…..
Then….
…so that…
By doing this, you would…
….due to…
If…, the result would be…
…because…
As a result/ in this way,

The sample of an essay suggesting solutions to problems.

Write an essay for the school magazine suggesting ways how to solve the problem of heavy traffic
in your city :

 state problem and cause

 give the first suggestion and tell what the expected result can be
 give the second suggestion and tell what the expected result can be
 summarise your opinion

Nowadays the citizens of our city, Lviv suffer long delays the problem
while driving around the city. The population has risen a lot and the cause
recently, and the road system of our city is not able to cope with
the greater number of cars. What can be done about this problem?
A useful suggestion would be to lower the cost of public first suggestion
transport. For example, bus and train tickets could be halved. As a and expected
result, more people would use public transport and there would be result
less traffic.
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 Another way is to convince people to use bicycles to second
commute. For instance, we could create bicycles lanes in the city. suggestion and
As a result, cycling around the city would become much saver and expected result
more people would choose this means of transport instead of
driving a car.
The traffic problem in our city cannot be solved immediately. summarise
By doing things that encourage people to use other means of your opinion
transport there would be less traffic on the roads.
Now you try
1.Write an essay for the school magazine suggesting ways how to solve the problem of graffiti in
your community :

 state problem and cause

 give the first suggestion and tell what the expected result can be
 give the second suggestion and tell what the expected result can be
 summarise your opinion

2.Write an essay for the school magazine suggesting ways how to solve the problem of heavy
traffic in your city :

 state problem and cause

 give the first suggestion and tell what the expected result can be
 give the second suggestion and tell what the expected result can be
 summarise your opinion

3.Write an essay for the school magazine suggestig ways how to solve the problem of using mobile
phones at school during the lessons :

 state problem and cause

 give the first suggestion and tell what the expected result can be
 give the second suggestion and tell what the expected result can be
 summarise your opinion

4.Write an essay for the school magazine suggesting ways how to reduce litter in your city:

 state problem and cause

 give the first suggestion and tell what the expected result can be
 give the second suggestion and tell what the expected result can be
 summarise your opinion

5.Write an essay for the school magazine suggesting ways how to solve the problem of litter in the
parks :

 state problem and cause

 give the first suggestion and tell what the expected result can be
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  give the second suggestion and tell what the expected result can be
 summarise your opinion
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Transactional letters
(letters of request)

Transactional letters are always based on writing input such as advertisements,

invitations, notes, other letters and on visual prompts such as maps, drawings. They
can either be formal or informal, depending on who we are writing to. When writing
this kind of letter, you should include all given information in your own words.

Main Body
When we write a formal letter of asking for information, we divide it into three
parts:

• In the introduction, we state the reason for writing

(i.e. to ask for information about sth we have seen in an advertisement).

• In the main body, we ask for information about what is advertised.

We use separate paragraph for each topic.

• In the conclusion, we write our closing remarks

(i.e. say we are looking forward to hearing from the person, thank them in advance).

Para I : Opening remarks

Para 2: Reason for writing

Para 3: Ask for information

Para 4: Closing remarks

FORMAL STYLE in transactional letters:

• the greeting (Dear Mr. Rydd, Dear Sir)

• frequent use of indirect questions

• formal language (complex sentences, non-colloquial English)

• no abbreviated forms

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 • the closing remarks (Yours sincerely, / Yours faithfully, Mary Hill)

Formal letters begin with a) Dear Sir/Madam and end with Yours faithfully+ full
name or Dear NIr/Mrs+surname and end with Yours sincerely+ full name.

Useful Phrases:

Introduction:

• I am writing to enquire about.....

• I am writing with reference to your advertisement in Daily News.

• I am writing with regard to....

Main body:

• Your advertisement states that....

• Could you please send me further information / details about 9

• I would be very interested in finding out more about...

• I would be grateful if you could send me further information concerning...

• I would like to know....

• I would greatly appreciate it if you could give me details ...

Conclusion:

• I look forward to receiving your reply.

• Thank you in advance. I look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.

• Thank you for your kind attention.

• Please reply at your earliest convenience.

THE SAMPLE OF TRANSACTIONAL LETTER

You have read an advertisement about an organized trip around Europe.You have to write a letter to
a travel agency to get some information about:

 The list of countries included into the tour (What countries of European Union are
included into the tour? What famous cities will you visit? Will you visit any ancient
cities?)

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  The sights (What sights will you visit? Will you visit any birthplaces of famous poets
or writers as you are interested in foreign literature? Will you have some time for
shopping?)
 The meals (What meals does the price include? Will vegetarian dishes be available?)
 The tour guides (Will the tour guides speak English? Will you have the only one tour
guide during the tour or will they change in each country?)

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing in response to your Para 1

advertisement in "The Daily Planet" on the Reason for
twenty-ninth of June. lain very interested in this Writing
trip and I would be grateful if you could
answer a few questions I have.
At first, I would like to know what Para 2, 3,4, 5
countries of European Union are included in
the tour. I have never been to Italy so I would The main body,
like to visit this country.
Also I am interested whether we will visit any
famous cities, especially ancient cities. Because
I love ancient culture and I would like to see
the Coliseum and the Parthenon in Rome.
In addition to this I would like to know
what sights we will visit and if we will visit any
birthplaces of famous poets or writers as I
would like to see the birthplace of English
writer William Shakespeare. What is more I
would like to know if we will have some time Asking for information
for shopping. As it is worth buying some
souvenirs while travelling.
Besides this I am interested what meals
the price includes and whether vegetarian
dishes are available. Because after a long day
trip I would eat something tasty but I can not
eat meat.
Finally, will the tour guides speak
English? As I do not know any other
languages, this question is quite important to
me. Also, will we have the only one tour guide
during the whole trip or will they change in
each country?
Thank you in advance. I look forward to Para 6
hearing from you as soon as possible. Conclusion
Closing remarks
Yours faithfully,

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Markiyan Levandivskiy

Now you try

1.You have read an advertisement about Bukovel' Winter Camp in a travel brochure You want to
send your two children to this camp. Write a letter to a travel agency to get some information about:

• how to get to Bukovel' from Lviv (Which means of transport are the cheapest? How much does it
take to get there?)

• what kinds of winter sports are available for children under twelve (Do the staff provide the
children with necessary equipment? Are there training sport classes for novices?)

• what qualifications team leaders and sport trainers have (Are the staff experienced?)

• when Bukovel' Winter Camp is open (How long is it open?)

Write a letter at least 120-160 words. Do not write any dates and addresses. Start your letter with
Dear Sir or Madam,

2.You are a school-leaver. You want to join the tutorial course at Lviv Ivan Franko State University
which prepares the school-leaven for Evaluation Independent Testing. You have read an
advertisement in Postup. Write a letter to get some information about:

• what subjects are available (Are there Science classes or the humanity ones?)

• when classes take place (How many times a week are the classes available? What time do
they start?)

• how many people are included in the group (Is the number in groups kept to minimum?)

• how much this course cost (Are there any bargain prices?)

Write a letter at least 120-160 words. Do not write any dates and addresses. Start your letter
with Dear Sir or Madam,

3.You have read an advertisement about an organized trip around Europe in a travel brochure. Write
a letter to a travel agency to get some information about:

• the list of countries included into the tour (What countries of European Union are included into
the tour? What famous cities will you visit? Will you visit any Ancient cities?)

• the sights (What sights will you visit? Will you visit any birthplaces of famous poets or writes as
you are interested in foreign literature? Will you have some time for shopping?)

• the meals (What meals does the price include? Will vegetarian dishes be available?)
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• the tour guides (Will the tour guides speak English? Will you have the only one tour guide during
the tour or will they change in each country?)

Write a letter at least 120-160 words. Do not write any dates and addresses. Start your letter with
Dear Sir or Madam,

4.You have read an advertisement below and decided to join the party. Write a letter to get some
information about:

Come to our Party

Please come to the Student's' Union Building

and join the party

The fun starts at 8 p.m. on Saturday 31 October.

Exciting Halloween show, great music and dance till late.

All students are welcome.

Be there or be square....

• the address of the Student's Union Building (How can you get there?)

• the variety of activities (Will there be any interesting quiz show? Will any games take place at the
party?)

• the fancy-dress (Is it a fancy-dress party? Is fancy dress obligatory?)

• the admission (Is the admission free? Is it necessary to buy a ticket in advance? How much does
the ticket cost?)

Write a letter at least 120-160 words. Do not write any dates and addresses. Start your letter with
Dear Sir or Madam,

5.You have read an advertisement about a vegetarian diet in Daily News. You are a bit overweight
and keen on losing some weight. You need more information about it. Write a letter to a medical
office to get some information about:

• the food you are allowed to eat (How many meals should you have a day? Should you only eat
fruits and vegetables? Are you allowed to eat any sweets? Can you eat after 6 p.m.? )

• the physical exercising (Do you have to take exercises? How often should you do them?)

• the dieticians (Are the dieticians experienced? Do they instruct their patients in Allowing the
diet?)

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• the effects of the diet (How much will it take to get slimmer? How many kilos can you lose per
month?)

Write a letter at least 120-160 words. Do not write any dates and addresses. Start your letter with
Dear Sir or Madam,

For notes
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A list of praising phrases

 You've improved (your grammar/ accuracy) a lot Your writing is beautiful.

 I look forward to your writing.
 I wish I could write like you.
 Your writing inspires me.
 Nice work!
 Great stuff !
 You did a great job!
 You did very well!
 Well done!
 Perfect!
 No mistakes!
 You didn’t make any mistakes (at all)!
 You didn't make a single mistake!
 That’s the best this year/ this term/ this week/ today!
 That was (at least/ more than/ about) twice as good as your last attempt .
 Not bad!
 I’m impressed!
 That’s (very/ really) impressive!
 That's a (very) good/ great/ original/ imaginative suggestion/ idea!
 I like that (very much)!
 I like this one best!
 That's (a) nice story/ ending/ handwriting!
 That’s very neat/ imaginative/ carefully done/ long/ accurate/ intelligent/
creative !
 (That is/ was) marvellous/ magnificent/ terrific/ fabulous/ superb/ fantastic!
 You have made a lot of/ good/ excellent progress!
 That's much better!
 That's a lot better!

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 The best students’ works

Hi, Jonathan!

How are you? Hope you’re fine. I’m writing to share my feelings and
experiences that I had a few hours ago. I still can't stand it, so I count on your
support.

So, it was a typical Sunday morning. I woke up with a great feeling inside
because it is a special day - my birthday. I have many friends and relatives, but this
day I decided to celebrate in the circle of the most important people. So we just
agreed to meet at my home, watch a movie, eat some delicious food and have fun.

In the morning I went to the local supermarket to buy some food for dinner. I
used to pick tomato sauce for pizza as there was a loud noise at the entrance to the
store. I immediately ran up and saw thousands of shards on the ground. Raising my
eyes, I realized that someone was breaking in. Outside my back came the cries of a
rude man's voice: "Give away all the money you have, or I will kill all the people
who are here!" No jokes, my heart stopped at that moment and I felt my soul and
consciousness slowly leave the body. Fortunately, the shop security guard crept up to
the man and handed him a gun with his words, "One extra movement and I'll kill
you!". Realizing that he would not be alive from there, the unknown threw his
weapon and money and quietly left the room.

After that, I stood still for several minutes, realizing what had happened. The
whole day flew by for me. Of course, we had a great time with our friends, but I
didn't tell them why I was so weird. It was a horrible experience that taught me a lot,
but I don't want to go through it again. But this day I’ll remember forever.

I hope at least your recent days have been wonderful! Can’t wait to get your
answer.

Best wishes,
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 Solomiya (written by Solomia Voznyak)

Dear Mr.Evans,

I am writing to you to express my gratitude.  I’ve just  returned from a youth

summer camp and I would like to thank you for your efforts.
To be honest, my favorite part was sailing a boat. I did not expect  that I might
like it! I did not like swimming, sailing and everything related to water, but  now I
can not  get out  of the swimming pool. I still remember how we sat by a bonfire and
roasted marshmallows after sailing a boat. I can not forget the starry sky, that I   saw
then.
At the camp  I made true  friends, we still communicate. When I arrived  at the
camp  I  did not    know  anyone  there, but soon I made some friends. The camp
improved my confidence.
I want to  invite  you for  a meal at  my  house, I look forward to your visit .
Thank you  for   everything you have done.
I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours sincerely,
Vita Mostova

Hi Mary,
   How are you? I hope you had a great day. Unluckily I can’t say it about myself. I
saw a horrible robbery. 
    After school I went to the supermarket to buy some bread, tomatoes and cheese.
Tomorrow is my sister’s birthday.  I was choosing some cheese when a man came
into. At first, I didn't know that it was a robber. Suddenly he got a gun out of his
pocket and started shouting. All the people lay down on the floor and a girl at the
cash register started giving money to him. Luckily, no one was hurt. In a few minutes
the robber left the supermarket.
  To tell the truth, It was really scary. I was frightened. For a minute I thought that he
wouldn’t leave us alive and we wouldn’t go back to our families.
   But now everything is allright. I am sitting on my soft sofa and am writing to you. I
hope to see you soon. Please write me back.
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  Yours,
Nadia.  (written by Nadia Zinchuk)

Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to express my consern about the extremely poor customer service 
I received during a recent visit to your store. 
YesterdayI bought a phone from your shop. However, as I later found out, the 
device I bought had a few faults. Not only that, but it also seems to me that the phone
 has already been used by someone for a long time. 
When I contacted the customer service, I was told they were not  able to help
 me. I demand a full refund. I trust the matter will receive your immediate attention. 
I look forward to your reply.

Yours faithfully, 
Karen Jefferson. 
(written by Olena Senyshyn)

Dear Conrad,

  Thank you for the letter. It was great to hear from you again after such a long time. I
really should have written sooner. I have been busy with my exams. I’ve heard that
your parents don’t let you hang out with your friends. I will help you.
 In my opinion, you should suggest your mum your ideas how to reach acompromise.
Tell her if you have good marks you will hang out with me and your friends. I will
also help you with your school lessons. Let’s meet after school at my home and do
our homework.
   Wait for your answer. If you you agree with me let me know. Hope to hear from
you soon.
Yours,

Yura                   

( written by Yura Oliynyk)

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 List of references

1. H. Q. Mitchell, Marileni Malkogianni. “New destinations B1” MM

Publications, 2015.
2. Maclellan, Effie. “Academic Achievement: The Role of Praise in Motivating
Students.” Active Learning in Higher Education, vol. 6, no. 3, Nov. 2005.
3. Virginia Evans, Neil O’Sullivan. “Click On 3.” Express Publishing, 2016.
4. Virginia Evans, Jenny Dooley. “On Screen 3.” Express Publishing, 2014.
5. Virginia Evans, Jenny Dooley.” Reading and Writing Targets” Express
Publishing, 2003.
6. Virginia Evans, Jenny Dooley. “Successful Writing-Intermidiate” Express
Publishing, 2008.

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