ENGINEERING MATHEMATCS

MH201E

UNIT 4. TRIGONOMETRY

 Angle: Taking initial side on X-axis and if we rotate initial side, we

say that angle is formed. Angle is defined as amount of rotation.

If initial side rotated anticlockwise, we get angle and if initial side

rotated clockwise, we get angle.

 Unit of measurement of angle

There are two units of measurement of angle:
1. Degree ( ) : a degree is defined as ( )th part of one complete
rotation.
2. Radian ( ) : a radian is the measurement of angle subtended at the
centre of circle by an arc of the circle whose length equal to radius
of circle.
 Relation between degree and radian

We know that ( )

For example: Convert into radians.

 ( )

( ) ( ) ,

( ) ( ) ,

( ) ( ) ,

( ) ( )

And

( ) ( )

Now we convert radians into degree

We know that ( )

For example: Convert into degrees.

( )

( ) ,
 ( )

And

( )

 Trigonometric Ratios of angle of any measurement

If ( ) are the co-ordinates of the end point of terminal side of an angle

and length of terminal side is units, then trigonometric ratios of angle
are defined as

1. Sine ratio of angle i.e is defined as

2. Cosine ratio of angle i.e is defined as

3. Tangent ratio of angle i.e is defined as

4. Cotangent ratio of angle i.e is defined as

 5. Secant ratio of angle i.e is defined as

6. Cosecant ratio of angle i.e is defined as

 Relation between Trigonometric Ratios

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

 Fundamental identities

1.

2.

3.
 Trigonometric Ratios of angles

Trigonometric Angle
ratio

0 √ 1
√
1 √ 0
√

0 1 √
√

2 √ 1
√

1 √ 2
√

√ 1 0
√

 Trigonometric Ratios of angle ( )

1. ( )

2. ( )

3. ( )

4. ( )

5. ( )

6. ( )

 For example:

( )
 ( )
√

 Algebraic signs ( ) of Trigonometric Ratios of angle

1) First Quadrant ( ) ( )
All trigonometric ratios of angle are positive.

2) Second Quadrant ( ) ( )
is positive.

3) Third Quadrant ( ) ( )
is positive.

4) Fourth Quadrant ( ) ( )
is positive.
 Trigonometric Ratios of angles

Trigonometric Angle
ratio

0 0 -1 0

1 -1 0 1

If then and

When , the coordinates of B are ( ) i.e.

 Solved Examples

1. Find ( ) if .
 Solution: Given

But

( ) ( ) ( )

2. Evaluate: ( ) ( ) ( )

Solution: ( ) ( ) ( )

√
( ) ( ) ( )

3. If and , Find and .

Solution: Given

We know that

( )

But lies in second quadrant

Now
4. Prove that

L.H.S.

……. As

5. Prove that √

L.H.S. √

Multiplying Num & Deno by ( ) inside square root.

( )
L.H.S. √ √

( )
√ ………. As

R.H.S