Concluding

internship
report
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY,BHUBANESWAR
•BISWAJIT PATRA
•YARN PROCUREMENT
 YARN PROCUREMENT
 Procurement is the process of finding and agreeing to
terms, and acquiring goods, services, or works from an
external source, often via a tendering or competitive
bidding process. Procurement generally involves
making buying decisions under conditions of scarcity.
 Here mostly Some important factor in which Procurement process
works.
 1) ORDER PLACEMENT
 2)NEGOTIOTION
 3)TRACKER
 4)INFLOW REQUIREMENT
 5) SHADES(Most important for yarn like Mélange yarn procurement)
YARN QUALITY PARAMETERS FOR KNITTING
 Knitting is one of the most popular technique for manufacturing fabric. In
this process, yarns are interloped to make thick yet flexible and elastic
fabric. For the best knitting we have choose the best yarn or ideal yarn for
knitting to fault free fabric or quality fabric. we have careful about the
yarn properties or for ideal yarn.
 The following yarn properties should have to be said textile yarn as ideal
yarn-
 The yarn in circular in cross-section and is uniform along its length.
 Yarn is composed of concentric layers of different radial.
 Each fiber follows a uniform helical path around one of the concentric
cylinder so that its distance from yarn axis remains constant.
 A fiber at the center will follow a straight line of the axis.
 The axis of circular cylinders coir sides with yarn axis.
 The number of filaments or fibers crossing the unit area is constant; that is
the density of packing. Fibers in the yarn are constant throughout the
model.
 Every filament in the yarn will have the same amount of twist per unit
length.
 The yarn consists of very large number of filaments.
If the mentioned yarn properties is absent on any yarn than the yarn should
not be allowed on knitting to make fabric. Because it will not be able to give
you perfect knitting where the yarn’s parameter is mandatory to be
maintained.
YARN QUALITY REQUIRMENTS FOR KNITTING:
 Evenness
 Yarn Count
 Breaking strength
 Elongation
 Twist
 Moisture contents
 Yarn winding
 Yarn lubrication
 Yarn hairiness
 COUNT TEST
 ALL YARN LIKE (COTTON) THEY ARE COUNTED AS INDIRECT SYSTEM.
 (Ne)=ENGLISH COUNT IN PRURAL (S)
 Example ~ 30s ,40s,50s
 No of count increases is directly proportional to ( smoother, finer the yarn)
 No of count decreases is directly proportional to( courser the yarn)
 Finer | courser
50s > 40s

 SPANDEX AND LYCRA -DIRECT SYSTEM (D)

 D-DENIER
 E.g 20D,40D
 No of count increased is directly proportional to the (more courser the yarn.)
 No of count Decreased is directly proportional to the ( finer, smoother the yarn.)
 Finer |courser
20D > 50D
 TWIST
 NO OF TWIST IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE STRENGHT OF THE YARN.
 (if it tends to extreme then also the yarn breakage will affect also)
 we first RETWIST then TWISTED back in same direction (S&Z)
 AFTER THAT THE FULL TIME DIVIDED BY 2 we can calculate the twist of yarn.

STRENGHT & ELONGATION

 ELONGATION:
 ELASTIC RECOVERY /ELASTICITY:
From original length of yarn we stretch and extended the length of the yarn then it
came back to its final position that’s known as elastic recovery.

 PLASTICITY:
While yarn coming back to its original position the remained position left to
become in original length that’s known as plasticity of yarn.
 ELONGATION FORMULA,

Extended length
--------------------- * 100
Original length
ELONGATION IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE FLEXIBILITY,STRETCHEBILITY,FIXED
TO BODY CURVES

ABRASION RESISTANCE
 WHEN YARN GOES THROUGH VARIOUS MACHINE PART THEN FRICTION ALSO
HAPPENS AND MAKE YARN MORE HAIRY WHICH MAKES THE FINAL FABRIC
UNCOMFORTABLE.
 AND MAKE THE APPEARANCE BAD
 FRICTION IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE HAIRYNESS
 NATURAL YARN (COTTON)-ABRASION RESISTANCE LOW
 SYNTHETIC YARN -ABRASION RESISTANCE HIGH(SMOOTH SURFACE)
 30/1 cotton combed 30/1 cotton carded 30/1 poly cotton

Parameters
Acceptable Acceptab Acceptab
Best Best Best
limit le limit le limit

11.5-
Uniformity % 9-9.5 9.7-10.2 12.8-13.5 9.5-9.8 10.4-10.7
12.1

Thin (-50%) 0 3-5 16-22 50-60 2-3 7-10

Thick (+50%) 7-12 32-43 75-90 250-300 15-20 34-42

Neps (+200%) 38-47 73-88 140-175 300-380 30-45 48-58

Hairiness 4.0-4.4 4.6-4.9 4.75-5.1 5.5-5.81 4-4.44 4.45-4.8

Tenacity 16.7-
21.8-22.6 18.4-18.9 16.2-15.4 25.5-24 23.4-22.1
(CN/tex) 17.6

Elongation 6.7-6.9 6.2-6.4 7.3-7.08 6.6-6.4 14.7-13.7 11.8-11.2

 YARN CLASSIFICATION/TYPES
 Based on the usage of the yarn the yarn is classified into three types light yarn,
dark yarn and marl yarn.
 There are three types of yarns used in the knitting process namely
 Compact yarn
 Spandex (more Elongation at break)
 Lycra
 One Extra yarn also used is polyester for (CALVIN KLEIN)

PROCESS

Opening Demand Vs
Stocks incoming

Upcoming Consumption
Flow plan
COMMON COUNTS
40S Combed /Grey/Dark/100% BCI Vardaman
40S Combed/Grey/Dark/100%BCI
40S COMBED 100% BCI COTTON COMPACT DARK
40S/1 CTN/CMIA(95%/5%)DARK
40S Combed/Grey/Light/100%BCI
40S COMBED 100% BCI COTTON COMPACT LIGHT
40S/1 100% CMIA COMPACT COTTON/GREY/LIGHT
30S Compact/Grey/Dark
30S Combed /Grey/Dark/LIGHT/100% BCI
30S Combed /Grey /Dark /LIGHT
30S/1 CTN/CMIA(95%CTN/5%CMIA) Dark /LIGHT
30S/1 100% CMIA COMPACT COTTON (L/D)
32S Combed /Grey/Dark/LIGHT/100% BCI
32S Compact /Grey /DARK /LIGHT
32S/1 CTN/CMIA(95%/5%)DARK /LIGHT
32S/1 100% CMIA COMPACT COTTON/GREY/DARK
32S/1 100% CMIA COMPACT COTTON/GREY/LIGHT
<> IN TOTAL WE DEAL WITH 160 COUNTS WITH DIFFERENT SHADES.
 Fabric produced:
 There are 12 types of fabrics produced in the knitting unit, they are:
 1) Rib 1*1
 2) Rib 2*2 without lycra
 3) Rib 2*2 with lycra
 4) Single jersey
 5) Lacoste
 6) Pique
 7) Lycra single jersey
 8) Lycra inter lock
 9) Inter loop
 10) Plated single jersey
 11) Waffle rib
 12) Fleece
YARN SUPPLIERS
Ambika
BROS
BROTEX (VIETNAM) CO., LTD.
HYOSUNG DONG NAI CO., LTD
I COTONI DI ALBINI S.P.A
Hyosung India
Hyosung TNC corporation
NITIN
Lan Spintex
Pallava
SHRI CHERAN
Smartex
Kikani
Precot
Sportking
Vardhman
The Lycra
Sutlej
PURE PROCESS IN YARN PROCUREMENT
 ACCORDING TO THE REQUIREMENT IN COUNTS & SHADE OF YARN BY THE
CBE (MERCHENDISING) TEAM FOR THEIR ORDERS FROM BRANDS
CK,UNIQLO,LIDL,M&S,VSS LIKE THEY TALK TO EITHER PLANNING TEAM OR
YARN SOURCING TEAM TO INHOUSE THE YARN AND THEY NEED THE
ETA(EXPECTED TIME OF ARRIVAL ) DATE TO FULFILL THE ORDER IN TIME.

 AT FIRST YARN SOURCING TEAM THEY CHECK THE CONSUMPTION FLOW FROM
PLANNING TEAM ACCORDING TO THAT THEY PLACE THE ORDER WITH THE
SUPPLIER TO FULLFIL THE YARN INVENTORY REQUIREMENT.

 ACCORDING TO THE PURCHASE REQUITION WE FIRST NEGOTIATE WITH THE

SUPPLIER. WE QUOTE THE BEST PRICE POSSIBLE FROM OUR END WHICH WILL BE
HELPING SAVING COMPANY’S MONEY.

 AFTER THE NEGOTIATION WE ASKED THE SUPPLIER FINALISING THE PRICE AND
VALID LEAD TIME FOR QUOTED PRICE FOR THAT SPECIFIC COUNT.
 ON CONFIRMATION WE ASKED THE SUPPLIER TO RELEASE THE CONTRACT

 ACCORDING TO THE CONTRACT WE CREAT A PURCHASE ORDER FOR CREATING

PURCHASE ORDER WE NEED A SUPPLIER CODE WITHOUT SUPPLIER CODE WE
CAN’T GENERATE PURCHASE ORDER .

 AFTER CREATING PURCHASE ORDER WE ATTATCH THE CONTRACT, PURCHASE

ORDER AND PURCHASE REQUISTION FORM AND ASKED AN APPROVAL FROM
PRADEEP SIR.

 AFTER SIR GIVING APPROVAL NOW WE HAVE TO TAKE CARE OF THE PAYMENT
PROCESS.

 SIMPLY WE USE 3 PAYMENT PROCESS FOR 4,5,8 – SERIES PO

 LC- (LETTER OF CREDIT)

 VPP- (VENDOR PRE PAYMENT)
 TT- (TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFER)
DIFFERENT PAYMENT MODE AND BRANDS
• VARDHMAN , AMBICA, BROS, BROTEX (VIETNAM)
CO., LTD. , SHRI CHERAN, PALLAVA , SUTLEJ,
HYOSUNG DONG NAI CO., LTD, HYSOUNG INDIA
LC (BULK QUANTITIES)

• NITIN,PRECOT,LANSPINTEX,KIKANI,
VPP SPORTKING (BULK QUANTITIES)

• SMARTEX, Hysoung TNC corporation

The Lycra (SAMPLE QUANTITIES)
TT
 FOR EVERY ORDER THERE IS ALWAYS A DIFFERENT INVOICE NUMBER IS THERE
ACCORDING TO THE THAT PAYMENT PROCESS DONE .

 THE SUPPLIERS WHO TOOK LC AS THEIR PAYMENT PROCESS THEY NEED IT IN

ADVANCEMENT AFTER THEY RECEIVE THE TRANSMITTED COPY OF THAT
PARTICULAR AMMOUNT WE CAN ASK THEM FOR THE SHPMENT DOCS. SHIPMENT
MAY BE COME BY ROAD ,BY SEA OR AIR FREIGHT IT DEPENDS ON THE
SUPPLIER.ONCE WE RECEIVED THE SHIPMENT DOCUMENTS WE MAKE CONTACT
WITH THE LOGISTICS TEAM AND THE SUPPLIER TEAM TO PUT ON TRACK OF THE
GOODS.

 AFTER RECEIVING IT WE NEED TO SCREEN IT ON GATE AND AFTER IN HOUSE THE

TRUCK WE HAVE TO DONE THE GRN(GOODS RECEIVE NOTE) OF THE MATERIAL .

 VPP SUPPLIERS ARE LITTLE BIT DIFFERENT THEY TOOK THE PAYMENT AFTER THE IN
HOUSE OF THE MATERIAL ACCORDING TO THE TERMS MENTIONED IN CONTRACT.
 HERE COMES THE MOST IMPORTANT PART THE TRACKER UPDATE WE HAVE TO
COMBINE ALL DATA FROM STARTING OF THE ORDER MATERIAL TO INHOUSE OF THE
MATERIAL AND PUT IT ON A TRACKER TO GET A GOOD EXPOSURE OF THE ONGOING
PROCESS.

 MOST IMPORTANT THING IS THE ETA (EXPECTED TIME OF ARRIVAL) TO MARK THAT WE
CAN MAINTAIN THE CONSUMPTION FLOW WHICH IS AN IMPORTANT PART FOR THE
PROCESS.

SOME FAULTS IN KNITTING BECAUSE OF YARN:

1.NEEDLE BREAKAGE ( THIN YARN BARRE)
2.DOUBLE YARN BARRE
3.BACK KNOT
3.FLY HOLE
4.YARN BREAKAGE
5.TENSION BARRE
 CONCLUSION

 We learnt about the flow process sequence of every step from yarn
to fabric production and packaging. We were introduced to the
technical terminologies and details about all the process. The
inspection and quality assurance was very fascinating. We
observed the Human Resource Management which was efficient
and worker friendly. We noted that the theoretical knowledge given
to us and the working in the factory has many difference as it Is
affected by many physical details. It was a very knowledgeable
and interesting experience which will help us in our future
endeavors.

THANK YOU