SCIENCE

9
FIRST QUARTER
MODULE 5

Biodiversity
and
Evolution
Illustrated by: Leozel Joy M. Macua

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Relate species extinction to the failure of populations of organisms to adapt to

abrupt changes in the environment (S9LT-Ig-j-31).

To the Learners
How are you these days? Congratulations on finishing the first four modules of
this quarter. You are now about to start the fifth one and I want you to be reminded
of a few things so you will successfully finish the task.
1. Read and understand the instructions in every part of this module.
2. Don’t forget to start from the beginning since it may help you comprehend
better as you progress with the tasks.
3. You may provide a notebook for you to take down notes of the things you want
to highlight or those that need more attention.
4. You are provided with various learning tasks. I hope you will diligently perform
them all and do great with the activities most especially the Post-Test.
5. Ask your parents, guardians, or older siblings to help you assess your work.
6. Have fun while learning!

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 Expectations
Content Standard:
You are expected to demonstrate understanding how changes in the
environment may affect species extinction.

Performance Standard:
You should be able to make a multimedia presentation of a timeline of
extinction of representative microorganisms, plants, and animals.

Most Essential Learning Competency:

At the end of this module, you are expected to:
Relate species extinction to the failure of populations of organisms to adapt to abrupt
changes in the environment (S9LT-Ig-j-31). This means that you should be able to:

✓ measure species distribution using mathematical way of expressing the

amount of biodiversity and species distribution in a community;
✓ determine the pattern of population distribution;
✓ explain the probable causes of species extinction and the local and global
environmental issues that contributed to species extinction; and
✓ make a multimedia presentation of a timeline of extinction of representative
microorganisms, plants, and animals

Pre-Test
FILL ME UP!

Directions: Complete this crossword puzzle. Use the descriptions on the next page as
your guide.
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5
G F S
Down: Across:

1. It refers to the variety of life in an 4. This refers to all members of a

area.
2. This happens when the last
member of a certain species dies.
3. It means that the population of
certain species falls so low that
extinction is possible.
given species that live in a
particular location.
5. These are the things that limit the
size of the population.

Looking Back
In the previous module, you learned about how organisms vary in
characteristics even if they belong to the same species. However, even if an organism
is unique from others of the same population, they still share common traits and
characteristics. Am I right? This can be explained by different patterns of inheritance.
This is known as genetic diversity. But did you know that their population can also
be affected by other factors not mentioned in the preceding learning material? Let us
find it out together.

Brief Introduction
This module will help you appreciate the idea that biodiversity is essential in
the existence of life here on Earth. It is also important that you become aware that
changes in the environment (either natural or human-caused) may lead to the
extinction of species. Moreover, this extinction is caused by the organism’s inability
to adapt to the changes that happen in the environment.

A well-taken cared and balanced environment is a must to maintain so that

life on Earth is conserved. A balanced ecosystem means the presence of both living
and nonliving things working harmoniously together. In the case of a disturbing part
of the ecosystem, there will be an effect on the other parts of it too.

Factors Affecting Population Growth and Size

Some things limit the size of a population. These are called limiting factors.
These include environmental factors such as light, temperature, and amount of
rainfall that set the limit of conditions for species survival. The number of organisms
of one species that an environment can support is called carrying capacity.

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Local and Global
Environmental Problems
Affecting the Ecosystem

A. Deforestation
B. Wildlife Depletion
C. Water Pollution
D. Air Pollution
E. Destruction of Coastal
Resources
F. Acid Precipitation

Sustainable Development

Sustainable development
means that society should live
under the carrying capacity of
the environment. This means
that natural resources are not
exploited in exchange for the
convenience of people.
Recycling is also a way of saving
the environment so that
sustainable development will be
achieved.
Causes of Extinction

Activity 1
LET’S COUNT THEM ALL!
Objectives: By performing this activity, you are expected to measure species
distribution using a mathematical way of expressing the amount
of biodiversity and species distribution in a community.

Determine the pattern of population distribution.

Note: This would have been more exciting

if we can perform this activity outside, but
given the circumstances that it isn’t safe
outdoors, let us be imaginative for now.

Figure 1 Illustration of an Ecosystem

Illustrated by: Leozel Joy M. Macua
 Procedure:

1. Imagine you are on a trip on a certain place on earth where there are trees
present as seen in the illustration.

2. Observe the scenario and fill in the table below.

DATA GATHERED
Number of species (trees)
Number of runs
Number of trees

Let me help you! The number

X
O
X
X of runs refers to the existence of a
X
X O
X certain species in a continuous range
X
O until a new species is observed. This
O can be computed by marking X on
O
X O the first tree. The next tree will also
be marked X when it is of the same
species as the previous. Once you
X
encounter another kind of tree, use
O X
X
now O as a mark. Then X again if it’s
X X
another type. Just continue until all
trees are marked. This is what I
marked:
Figure 2 Marked Species
Illustrated by: Leozel Joy M. Macua XXXOXXOOXOXXOXOXXXXO = 12
runs

3. Use the data above to solve for the index of diversity by using this equation:
𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑥 𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑢𝑛𝑠
𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠

___ 𝑥 ___
𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = ___

𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 =

4. Assume that the illustration is our actual field trip location. Let’s imagine the
area to be 200 m2. Solve for the population density for each type of population
in the illustration. You can use this formula:

𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎

5. Count the total number for each population present in the area.

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6. Record your observations below:
POPULATION NO. OF ORGANISMS DENSITY

Let’s think about these:

1. What do you think will be the index of biodiversity of a vacant lot? Why?
2. You are living with four other members of the family. What will be the index
of diversity in your house if there are no other organisms (plant and pet)
present?
3. Which is a better index of diversity—low or high? Why do you think so?
4. How are you going to compare the distribution pattern of the four
populations in the illustration?
5. Can you think of factors that could change the density of any population?

Activity 2
TELL ME WHO THE CULPRIT IS!
Objective: Explain the probable causes of species extinction and the local
and global environmental issues that contributed to species
extinction.

Part A. Directions: Identify whether the following activities are natural or

anthropogenic causes of extinction. Classify them also according to its
nature (i. e., competition; invasive species; pollution; etc.).

Activity Cause Nature

1. additional buildings in schools anthropogenic habitat destruction

2. earthquake _______________ ___________________
3. illegal logging _______________ ___________________
4. smuggling of “pawikan” _______________ ___________________
5. trashes found in Manila bay _______________ ___________________
6. crowded places in Caloocan _______________ ___________________

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 Part B. Directions: Match the environmental problems listed in Column A
to its results in Colum B.
_____ 1. air pollution A. acid rain
_____ 2. deforestation B. eutrophication
_____ 3. water pollution C. health problems such as respiratory disease
_____ 4. wildlife depletion D. developed subdivisions
_____ 5. acid precipitation E. endangered monkeys and Philippine Eagle

Part C. Directions: The construction of MRT 7 will be of great help to the

residents of North Caloocan and Bulacan. Have you thought of its effect to the
environment? You can discuss with your family members to brainstorm about the
issue. After your discussion, write an essay to share your thoughts.

Remember
KEY CONCEPTS
Biodiversity means that there are different forms of life in an area.
Community pertains to all plant and animal populations living together in an area.
Extinct species are organisms in which the last member of its species no longer
survives.
Endangered species are organisms that have a very low population size and may
become extinct soon.
Limiting factors are the things that can limit the pollution size of certain species.
Population refers to all members of a given species that live in a particular location.
Threatened species means that species have rapidly decreased the number of
individuals.
Sustainable development means that society should live under the carrying
capacity of the environment.

Check Your Understanding

EXTINCTION TIMELINE
Objective: Make a multimedia presentation of a timeline of the extinction
of representative microorganisms, plants, and animals.

Hurray! You are almost done with this module. How far have you learned,
dear? I want to ask you to create a timeline of extinction. In doing this, take note of
the following:

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 a. Decide what the timeline will include and make a list of events.
b. Decide when the timeline will start and end (5 events will do).
c. I know you are artistic, so use this space for your illustration and
description.

Species

Year ( )

What a nice artwork! Can we make it more interactive by creating a multimedia

version of your outline? If this is possible, please feel free to ask your guardian to guide
you in doing the activity. You may also contact your teacher regarding this task.

Post-Test
DID YOU LEARN FROM THIS MODULE?
Direction: Identify the letter of the correct answer. Write you answer on the
answer sheet provided.

1. What term refers to the variety of life that can be found in an area?
A. biodiversity B. community C. population D. species
2. Which among the following causes of extinction is natural?
A. pollution B. competition C. overharvesting D. invasive species
3. What do you call the organisms in which its population falls so low that extinction
is possible?
A. abundant B. endangered C. extinct D. threatened
4. What do you call the organisms in which the last species have already died?
A. abundant B. endangered C. extinct D. threatened
5. Extinction CANNOT be stopped. Which supports this statement?
A. It is unpredictable.
B. It is due to human greed.
C. It is caused by human activities.
D. It is a natural process of the environment.

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 Reflection
AM I GUILTY OF THESE?

Direction: Put a ( ) if you’re guilty of the listed activities that cause

extinction.
1. I don’t conserve water.
2. I throw trashes just anywhere I want to.
3. I always ride in a tricycle in going to school to save time.
4. I collect starfish and bring them home when we go to the beach.
5. I don’t like to use used paper for my drafts when I do my schoolwork.
6. I always ask for a plastic straw when I ate at restaurants or food chains.
7. When I grow up, I want to be in the field of mining since the income is good.
8. I appreciate the construction of highways and bridges for better transportation.
9. I enjoy swimming every day in our inflatable pool during summer because it is
fun.
10. I don’t bring tumbler in school, so I promote the use of disposable cups.

How many of these acts are you guilty of? __/10

If you engage in any of the mentioned activities on above, you are contributing
to the environmental issues that make extinction possible for many endangered
species.

Can you tell the world what are you going to do to help save the planet?
You may draw a poster; compose a poem, or whatever means you want to
convey your thoughts.

Remember: For your essays, illustrations, and others, please refer to the rubric below
as your guide:

Target Advanced (5) Meets (4) Approaching Needs Work (2) Unsatisfactory
(3) (1)

Accuracy All are correct. One of the Two of the Three of the Four of the
answers is answers are answers are answers are
incorrect. incorrect. incorrect. incorrect.
Required All elements 95% of the 90% of the 85% of the 80% of the
Elements included are elements elements elements included elements included
essential in the included are included are are essential in the are essential in the
attainment of essential in the essential in the attainment of the attainment of the
the task. attainment of the attainment of the task. task.
task. task.
Neatness 100% 95% 90% 85% 80%

Don’t forget to thank your parents for guiding you.

I am so proud of you for successfully finishing this module!
I hope you enjoyed and learned a lot.
Together, LET’S SAVE MOTHER EARTH!

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 SCIENCE 9 - ANSWER SHEET
Quarter 1 : Week 5

Name: _________________________________ Grade & Section: _____________ Teacher: _______________

Learning Competency: Relate species extinction to the failure of populations of organisms to
adapt to abrupt changes in the environment (S9LT-Ig-j-31).
Pretest
1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ____________________
4. ____________________
5. ____________________

Activity 1- LET’S COUNT THEM ALL!

1. ___________________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________________________
6. ___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
7. ____________________
Activity 2- TELL ME WHO THE CULPRIT IS!
A B C
______________________________________________
1. _____________ _____________ 6. ___ ______________________________________________
2. _____________ _____________ 7. ___
______________________________________________
3. _____________ _____________ 8. ___
______________________________________________
4. _____________ _____________ 9. ___
______________________________________________
5. _____________ _____________ 10. ___
______________________________________________
_____________________________________________

Check Your Understanding

Species

Year ( )
Posttest
1. __________ 2. ___________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. ___________

Reflection
1. __________ 2. ___________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. ___________
6. __________ 7. ___________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. ___________

How many of these acts are you guilty of? __/10

Use the space below for your essay, poem, etc.