SCIENCE

FIRST QUARTER

Module 1 9
SPIRAL OF LIFE

https://www.pngitem.com/middle/oRhbmb_transparent-spiral-clipart-tree-with-dna-roots-hd/

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Explain the different patterns of non- Mendelian

inheritance (S9LT-Id-29).
 To the Learners
As you go through the module, you are in control of the learning process. To achieve

the objectives of this module please do the following:

1. read and follow all instructions carefully;

2. answer the pre-test before going over the lessons;

3. familiarize yourself with the different terms used in this module;

4. write in your notebook concepts learned in this module; and

5. after finishing the entire module, assess your understanding by answering the post

test. If you still find the lesson hard to comprehend, try again.

Expectations
In this lesson you will explain the different patterns of non-Mendelian inheritance.

Specifically, this module will help you to:

1. identify the components of DNA molecule;

2. describe the genes and chromosomes as well as the location of genes

in chromosomes;

3. explain the incomplete dominance pattern of inheritance; and

https://www.uihere.com/free- 4. describe the codominance traits.

cliparts/student-school-clip-art-
owl-1048563

Welcome to this module where you can

https://clipartstation.co
m/owl-teacher-clipart-
3/
learn more about DNA, genes, chromosomes and
some non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance.
Before going further try to answer the pre-test.
Stay positive, you can do this.Goodluck!

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 Pre-Test
Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on
your answer sheet.
1. What base in DNA is paired with adenine (A)?

A. cytosine (C) B. guanine (G) C. thymine (T) D. uracil (U)

2. What is the relationship among DNA, a gene, and a chromosome?

A. A chromosome contains hundreds of genes which are composed of DNA.

B. A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes which are composed of protein.

C. A gene is composed of chromosomes, but there is no relationship to DNA.

D. A chromosome contains hundreds of genes, which are composed of protein.

3. Which of the following structures of the cell are chromosomes located?

A. Membrane B. Mitochondria C. Nucleus D. Ribosome

4. What type of inheritance results in which heterozygous state is expressed as a blend of

both parents (intermediate inheritance)?

A. Codominance C. Incomplete dominance

B. Multiple alleles D. Sex-linked – inheritance

5. What type of inheritance produced when both alleles are fully expressed in an

individual?

A. codominance C. recessive alleles

B. multiple alleles D.incomplete dominance

Well, how was it? Do you think you did

well? Refer your answer with your
teacher/facilitator. If you got a low score, don’t
feel bad, this means that this module is for you.
Enhance your knowledge further by going
through the module.
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 Looking Back
Identify whether the given is a genotype or a phenotype. Write your answer on the
space provided.

1. Black = ________
2. BB = _________
3. Bb = ________
4. Green = ________
5. red = _________

Brief Introduction
LET’S LEARN MORE ABOUT THE TRANSMISSION OF
HEREDITARY CHARACTERISTICS!

Many of us have heard people make comments about our

similarity to family members. Although our resemblances among

family members have been noticed since the earliest time, it was

the work of Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884) that provided the

first idea about heredity, that is, the process of passing the traits and

characteristics from parents to offspring through genes.

However, as scientists studied more characters and traits, they

discovered that the inheritance of certain characters does not follow

predicted outcomes based on Mendelian’s Laws. These principles

are what we called non- Mendelian patterns of inheritance which

include incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, sex-

http://www.dobermann- review.com
info/genetics/mendels_genetic_lawGr
egor%20Mendel.jpg linked, sex –limited and sex-influenced traits. As we go along with

this module, we will learn about the basic components of genetics such as DNA, genes,

chromosomes and genetic inheritance in particular incomplete dominance and codominance

patterns of inheritance.
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 Activity 1
Are you familiar with DNA? Have you ever
wondered how DNA looks like? This activity will
lead you to components of DNA molecule - the
https://clipartstation.co
blueprint of life.
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DNA Structure

Objective: Identify the components of DNA molecule

Directions: Identify what is being described. Write your answer on your answer sheet.
Figure 1. Structure of a Nucleotide

1. DNA is the acronym for? phosphate group (PO4)

_______________________________
2. A nucleotide is made of three parts: a
__________ group, a five carbon ________,
and a/an ______________ base/s.
3. In DNA, thymine is complementary to (or
nitrogenous bases:
pairs with) ___________; cytosine is five-carbon sugar
(deoxyribose) adenine (A)
complementary to ______________. guanine (G)
thymine (T)
Guide Questions: cytosine (C)
1. Describe the shape of DNA molecule.
Figure 2. Deoxyribonucleic Acid, DNA
_______________________
2. In what organelle of the cell can DNA be
found? ________________
3. The “rungs” or steps of the DNA ladder are
made of __________ while the sides of
DNA ladder are composed of __________.

How was the activity? Was it

easy for you to answer? Reread if you
missed any item. Then go to the next
activity. Check out the answer with your
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/dna
teacher/facilitator. Credit: U.S. National Library of Medicine

http://clipart-library.com/cartoon-
pencil-clipart.html

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 Activity 2
Are you ready for the next activity? I hope so. A new challenge
has taken place this time about genes and chromosomes. This is
just an easy activity. Just solve the cryptogram by filling in the
blanks using the arrangement of letters in the alphabet. Don’t
worry there are clues and sample to help you. Have fun!
https://www.canstockphot Example: _ _ _ _ Answer: CELL
o.com/cute-pencil-
cartoon-with-sign-
3 5 12 12
58325512.html

Genes and Chromosomes

Objective: Describe the structure of genes and chromosomes as well as the location of
genes in chromosomes.
Directions: Solve the cryptogram .Write your answer on the space provided.

A gene is a portion of a DNA molecule that is responsible for the transmission of a

trait from parents to offspring. Genes are contained in chromosomes, which are in
the cell nucleus. Thousands of genes make up each chromosome.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/240098223863607461/

gbiosafety.unl.edu/images/edimages/gene_1.gif

a) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ b) _ _ _ _ _ _ c) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
16 18 15 13 15 20 5 18 3 15 4 9 14 7 20 5 18 13 9 14 1 20 9 15 14
_ ___ _ _
SEQUENCE
18 5 7 9 15 14

The Chromosomes
The chromosomes are strands of (1) _ _ _, coiled up like a ball of strings
4 14 1
around a mass of proteins called (2) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ which houses thousands of
8 9 19 20 15 14 5 19
3) _ _ _ _ _. The basic unit of chromosome is called 4) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7 5 14 5 19 14 21 3 12 5 15 19 15 13 5
which helps to supercoil the DNA.The chromosomes carry and transmit genes from
parents to offspring. Each strand is called 5) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.Chromatids
3 8 18 15 13 1 20 9 4
are held together by 6)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, which divides chromosome into two
3 5 14 20 18 15 13 5 18 5
sections or 7)_ _ _ _.The shorter arm is called 8) _ ,and the longer is 9) _.Each
1 18 13 19 16 17
pair of chromosome is referred to as10) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ chromosomes. In
8 15 13 15 12 15 7 15 21 19
humans, each body cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46.
Half come from the mother, other half from the father.
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 Activity 3 In this activity, you will
discover patterns of
Incomplete Dominance
/Codominance Problems inheritance known as
https://www.shutterstock.com/image
-vector/vector-illustration-owl-
Non-Mendelian.
wearing-graduation-cap-459073333
Objectives:
1. Describe how incomplete dominance and codominance patterns of inheritance occur.
2. Solve word problems involving incomplete dominance and codominance using a
Punnett square.
In incomplete dominance offspring
Directions: Read and analyze the situation below.
will have a phenotype intermediate
Write your answer on your answer sheet between the phenotype of both
parents resulting to third phenotype.
1. A pink-flowered plant is crossed with
a white-flowered plant. Using a  Four o’clock flower ( A las cuatro)
Punnett square show the possible manifests gene expression under
outcome. incomplete dominance. Show the cross
between red flowered plant (RR) and
Phenotype: white flowered plant (WW). Indicate the
phenotypic ratio and genotypic ratio of
Genotype: the resulting offspring.

RR =red flower WW=White flower

RW=pink flower
2. In some chickens, the gene for RR x WW
feather color is controlled by
codominance. The allele for R R
Phenotype:
black is B and the allele for white W RW RW 4 pink flowers
is W. The heterozygous PINK PINK Genotype:
phenotype is known as erminette.
W RW RW 4 RW (pink)
What possible outcome would it
be in crossing erminette PINK PINK
chicken/checkered and black
chicken? Codominance is the condition in which
both alleles are expressed in the
offspring.
Examples:
red + white = roan (Both red and white
color furs are expressed in cattle)
https://slideplayer.com/slide/8578446/
https://byjus.com/biology/co-
dominance-and-multiple-alleles/

Black White Erminett

BB WW BW
Phenotype:  red + white = red and white (Both
red and white colors are seen in
Genotype: the petals)
 black and white = erminette (black
and white spotted feather color)
 Blood type A + Blood type B=AB

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Remember

Now that we are done

with our activities, let’s
summarize!
http://www.prawny.me.uk/media.details.php?mediaID=OTk2MmM3ZDM1ZGJiZWI=

 DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is often referred to as the code of life

because it contains the information needed to form and control the physical
make up and chemical processes of an organism. They are composed of
many nucleotides linked together in a chain. Each nucleotide is chemically
made up of three components, namely: a five carbon sugar (deoxyribose),
a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

 Every gene is a piece of DNA molecule that is responsible for the

transmission of a trait from parents to offspring.

 Chromosomes are strands of DNA. coiled up like a ball of strings around

a mass of proteins called histones which houses thousands of genes. The
Chromosomes carry and transmit genes from parents to offspring.

 Non-Mendelian inheritance is any pattern of inheritance in which traits do

not segregate in accordance with Mendel's laws.

 Incomplete dominance is a form of intermediate inheritance in which one

allele for a specific trait is not completely dominant over the other allele.

 Codominance is the condition in which both alleles are expressed in

the offspring.

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 Check Your Understanding
Now let me check whether you have learned the
most important thing in this module. Complete
the diagram by filling in the box with missing
word/s. Use the keywords below as your guide.

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tock.com/royalty-
free-vector/owl-
looking-through-a- 2.
magnifying-glass-
vector-3203160

1. 3.
p arm

Solenoid loops
q arm

CELL
solenoid
nucleosome
base pairs

4.

5.

KEY WORDS
DNA histones centromere
6.
gene chromosomes nucleus

https://www2.le.ac.uk/projects/vgec/diagrams/36%20chromosome%20unravel.jpg/view

Identify whether the condition being described is CODOMINANCE or

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE .Write you answer on your answer sheet.
7. A plant with white flowers is crossed with a plant with red flowers. The resulting
offspring have pink flowers.
8. A roan fur in cattle, in which white hairs and red hairs are equally expressed.
9. A person with type AB blood, which means that both the Allele and B allele are
equally expressed.
10. A breed with long fur rabbit mates with a breed with short fur the offspring is likely to 8
have fur that is in the middle; not too long or too short.
 Post-Test We are about to finish. Try to
answer the following questions and
be guided by the things that was
discussed on the previous
pages.Goodluck!
https://www.colourbox.com/v
ector/cartoon-owl-wearing-
graduation-cap-holding-
diploma-vector-42161035

Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on
your answer sheet.

1. What are the subunits that make up DNA molecules?

A. Amino acids B. Chromatid C. Nucleotides D. Ribosomes

2. Which of the following contain hereditary information?

A. Chromosomes and genes C. Genes but not chromosomes

B. Chromosomes but not genes D. Neither chromosomes nor genes

3. Chromosomes are found inside what structure in the cell?

A. Centromere B. Membrane C. Nucleus D. Ribosomes

4. R= red flower W = white flower.

What would be the genotype of a Pink flower it follows the rules for incomplete dominance?

A. RR B. RW C. WW D. PP

5. What type of inheritance pattern shows BOTH traits in possible offspring?

A. codominance C. recessive alleles

B. multiple alleles D. incomplete dominance

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Reflection
Congratulations! You’ve made it. I hope
you had fun. See you again in your next
learning adventure. But before that let
me know first your thoughts and opinion
about your learning journey.

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3000822186180/

What was the most

challenging activity
What is the in the module? What did I
most important learned that I
thing I learned can apply in
personally? everyday life?

What do I know How will I use

about the what I've learned
topics? in the future?

Learner
Reflection
Activity

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 SCIENCE 9-ANSWER SHEET
Quarter 1: Week 3

Name: ____________________________________ Grade & Section: _____________ Teacher: _____________

Learning Competency: Explain the different patterns of non-Mendelian inheritance
(S9LT-Id-29)

Pretest
1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5.
__________

Looking Back
1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5.
___________

Activity 1- DNA Structure

1.___________
2. __________, ___________, ____________
3. ___________ , __________
Guide Questions:
1. ____________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________
______________________________________________
Activity 2- Genes and Chromosomes
a._________________ b.____________________ c._________________
The Chromosomes
1.____________________ 6.____________________
2.____________________ 7.____________________
3.____________________ 8.____________________
4.____________________ 9____________________
5.____________________ 10.____________________
Activity 3- Incomplete Dominance/Codominance Problems
1.

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Phenotype: ___________________________________________

Genotype: ___________________________________________

2.

Phenotype: ___________________________________________

Genotype: ___________________________________________

Check Your Understanding

7.___________________
8.___________________
9.___________________
10.__________________

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Posttest
___________ 2. ___________ 3. ___________ 4. ___________ 5. _____________