General Introduction into

Servohydraulic
 Hydraulic Drives Schematic

Working -
Controler
Component /
and Sensors Actuator

Y Control
element
PLC / Axis Controller

Pump Unit
M

Tank

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 Moog Product Portfolio

Regelung
und Sensorik

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Directional control valve/Function

The function of the directional control valve is to control the flow

of hydraulic energy in it’s direction and value (Flow / Pressure).

A B A B A B

P T P T P T

Neutral Position 1st Endpostion 2nd Endpositon

All ports are blocked Flow P->A Flow P->B
Flow B->T Flow A->T

-> The pistion stops -> The pistion moves out -> The pistion moves in

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 Directional control valve / Term
Directional control valve are named according to their numbers of
ports (*1) and by the numbers of switching position
Example : 4/3 way Valve
• valve has 4 ports
• and 3 possible switching position

A B
Example: 4/3 way valve
•P : Pump, system pressure
a o b
•T : Tank , return line , drain
• A;B : control ports
•X : pressure port for pilotstage
X Y P T
•Y : return port for piltostage
•a,o,b : switching position of valve

Naming according to the ISO Norm

Valves are always drawn in their neutral position.
MOOG Training *1: the ports for the pilotstage are not considered at the naming Page 5
 Directional control valve / Type

Two different types of Valves are used in the hydraulic

directional control valve

Valve with a spool Cartridge valve

Body

Sleeve

Spool with
cone

Spool
Valve seat

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 Definition / Proportional

Proportional Valves: proportional Flow (Q)

relation between a variable input
signal and the hydraulic output
(Flow/Pressure). Therefore the
hydraulic output of the valve can
take “infinite” values and states.
Input signal (V)

Flow (Q)

In contradiction to the Proportional

Switching
threshold
Valves the solenoid valve can only
take two positions or states.
Open (max. Flow) or closed (no
Input signal (V) Flow).
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Use of proportional valve technology

Scenario with a solenoid valve: Description:

Three cups on the plate should
Start
be moved from the position
End
“Start” to position “End” by
using a piston which is
controlled by an standard
solenoid valve.

Question:
What will happen with the
cups if the solenoid valve
will be supplied with
electrical power?
P M
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Use of proportional valve technology

Scenario with a solenoid valve: Answer:

Due to the inertia of the cups,
Start End they will fall down from the
plate.

Explanation:
As soon as the solenoid valve is
electrically supplied, the valve
will be completely opened and
the maximum flow will pass the
valve. The piston will be
immediatelly accelerated to the
maximum speed and decelerate
to zero speed if the valve is
closed.
P M
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Use of proportional valve technology

Scenario with a solenoid valve:

Phase of acceleration and velocity Phase of deceleration

Start End Start End

P T P T

Position reached

Velocity (v)
Velocity (v)

acceleration deceleration

distance distance

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Use of proportional valve technology

?
What can be done to avoid the drop and
crash of the cups?

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Use of proportional valve technology

Scenario with a proportional valve:

Answer:
The solenoid valve will be
Start End replaced by a proportional valve.
Due to the possibility of a
variable output, the machinery
controler can be programmed and
adapted to several physical and
environmental conditions of the
application.

Now the cups can be moved

softly during the different phases
of the movements

P M
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 Use of proportional valve technology

Scenario with a proportional valve:

Phase of acceleration Phase of constant speed

Start End Start End

P T P T

Distance
Distance

speed

Acceleration Acceleration
time time

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 Use of proportional valve technology

Scenario with a proportional valve:

Phase of deceleration Position reached

Start End Start End

P T P T

Distance
Distance

Position
Deceleration Deceleration

speed speed

Acceleration Acceleration
time time

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 Use of proportional valve technology

Summary
• Proportional valves will be used if pressure, flow or
position have to be changed individually due to the
various application demands.

• They will be used at applications with high

requirements (high dynamic / precise positioning) to
the close or open loop controler of the application.

• The variable hydraulic values which are controled by

the valve are : Flow (Q) and Pressure (p)

• These valves are suitable for electrohydraulic position,

velocity, pressure or force controled system, including
those with high dynamic response requirements.
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Proportional valve / Terms
Like the solenoid valves, the proportional valves are also named
acccording to the numbers of valve ports.
However due to the possibilty to have
endless position inside the maximum
stroke, the number of the switching
position will not be named.

A B
Example:
a o b
The schematics beside shows a 4 way valve

The proportional feature of the valve is

X Y P T showen by the arrow (here red coloured)

All other terms are named as for the solenoid valves

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Subdivisions of Proportional-Valves

Moog classified Proportional valves into two categories

Servovalves Proportional valves

Valves with Bushing Spool Assembly Valves with spool directly installed into
the valve body

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Subdivisions of Proportional-Valves

Servovalve versus Proportional valves

• Precise axis cut

• Higher Pressure gain (80% pressure at 2% input signal)

• better controler accuracy possible

• Higher dynamic characteristic, especially for pressure

controling

• Higher manufacturing cost caused by the additional

bushing.

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Principle concepts of Moog valves

The proportional characteristic of Moog’s

proportional valves can be realized with two
different feedback mechanism

Valve

Electrical
Mechanical
FeedBack
FeedBack
valve
valve
(EFB/DDV)
(MFB)

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Principle concepts of Moog valves

Mechanical Feedback Valve

The feedback of the spool
position will be realized by a
feedbackwire.

Nozzel Flapper Jet Pipe Servovalve

Servovalve

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Principle concepts of Moog valves

Electrical Feedback Valve

The electrical feeback valves are controlled by an

intergrated electronic board with a intergrated
spool position sensor.

Direct Drive Valve 2 Stage Proportional 2 or 3 Stage

Valve Servovalve Ventil

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