Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division of Nueva Ecija
TALAVERA SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Roxas Street, Pag-asa District, Talavera, Nueva Ecija, 3114

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO IDENTIFY THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RICE

WATER, COCONUT OIL AND ALOE VERA AS NATURAL HAIR GROWER

A Research Proposal
Presented to the
Panel Examiners of
Talavera Senior High School
Talavera, Nueva Ecija

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the subject,
Research Project in
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

by

CLARENCE CLARK CAUYAO

MARIA LANA GRACE DIAZ
KING CYRUZ JUAN
JOHN BENEDICK LAGASCA
HANNAH SARMIENTO

JUNE 2021
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division of Nueva Ecija
TALAVERA SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Roxas Street, Pag-asa District, Talavera, Nueva Ecija, 3114

THE STAND OF MALUNGGAY (MORINGA OLEIFERA) IN PREVENTING BREAST

CANCER

A Research Proposal
Presented to the
Panel Examiners of
Talavera Senior High School
Talavera, Nueva Ecija

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the subject,
Research Project in
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

by

CLARENCE CLARK CAUYAO

MARIA LANA GRACE DIAZ
KING CYRUZ JUAN
JOHN BENEDICK LAGASCA
HANNAH SARMIENTO

JUNE 2021
 Rationale Of The Study
Cancer is initially one of the leading causes of death not only in the Philippines but also
the whole world. Cancer is a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and
spread to the other parts of the body (National Cancer Institute). Although there are many
medical procedures that can be done to deceased the cancer cells just like Chemotheraphy, as
people says that prevention is better than cure. In a 2017 study published in the Asia Pacific
Journal of Cancer Prevention found an extract from moringa leaves tested on several cancers in a
lab reduced cancer cell growth and promoted cell death; The ethanolic extract Moringa Oleifera
was effective at inhabiting proliferation of cervical cancer cells (south African journal of
botany).
As a result, Moringa takes part in different researches which aims to prevent cancer or
disintegrate cancer cells. Breast cancer was the most common cancer in women worldwide,
contributing 25.4 % of the total number of new cases diagnosed in 2018 (worldwide cancer
data). Although it is relevant in that time, only few researches were conducted to associate
moringa extract in it.
Moringa contains different properties which enables it to be classified as a useful plant…
In addition to calcium, iron and potassium, moringa leaves contain several important
vitamins:Vitamin A which helps maintain healthy vision, immunity and fetal growth. Vitamin C
which protects the body from pollutants and toxins and vitamin E which acts as an antioxidant.
These findings suggest that both the leaf and bark extracts of moringa collected from the Saudi
Arabian region possess anti-cancer activity that can be used to develop new drugs for treatment
of breast and colorectal cancers (Abduralman Khazim Al-Asmari, Sulaiman Mansour Albalawi,
[…], and Mozaffarul Islam).
Possible research gap may be in the part of collecting the best quantity of the product.
Moringa is considered as a plant here in Philippines which can grow in good manure
environments. However, from the previous paragraph, moringa plants from Saudi Arabian region
possesss anti-cancer activity which can be more higher concentrated than the ones here in the
Philippines and also if the import is possible. There is no guarantee that the imported products
can sustain and cope up because the environment differs from which the plant used to grow.
This is an urgent matter to begin with because not only cancer is one of the leading cause
of death all over the world. In addition, breast cancer is the most leading cases in women. Using
moringa as an alternative for prevention and possible cure can be the safest resort in this
problem.
The aim of the study is to know how moringa can help in preventing or curing breast
cancer (other types of cancer if possible).By doing so, and as the research and studies proceeds
into experimentation and data analysis. Death rate caused by not only breast but also other types
of cancer can be constantly decline. The process can be cost-efficient and a sure thing to rely on.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division of Nueva Ecija
TALAVERA SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Roxas Street, Pag-asa District, Talavera, Nueva Ecija, 3114

THE EFFECIVITY OF SAMBONG (BLUMEA BALSAMIFERA) AS SCENTED

MOSQUITO COIL REPELLANT

A Research Proposal
Presented to the
Panel Examiners of
Talavera Senior High School
Talavera, Nueva Ecija

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the subject,
Research Project in
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

by

CLARENCE CLARK CAUYAO

MARIA LANA GRACE DIAZ
KING CYRUZ JUAN
JOHN BENEDICK LAGASCA
HANNAH SARMIENTO

JUNE 2021
 Rationale Of The Study
Mosquitoes are considered to be one of the deadliest insects in the world due to their
ability to spread diseases and cause millions of deaths per year. In the Philippines, common
mosquito-borne infections include viral infections such as dengue, Chikungunya, and Japanese
encephalitis, and parasitic infections like malaria and filariasis (DOST 2016). Common infection
in all parts of the Philippines is Dengue, it's transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The
rainy season, typically June to February, is the peak period for dengue as water collects in
blocked gutters and street drains, turning them into breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Mosquitoes
alone transmit diseases to more than 700 million people and over one million deaths are reported
annually across the globe. Only female mosquitoes are known to bite a human because they use
they use the blood meal as a protein source to lay eggs while male mosquitoes feed mostly on
nectars. So in this study propose the use of sambong leaves extract in avoiding harmful mosquito
bites since it has the ability to kill or repel mosquitoes.
Typically, these mosquitoes transmit diseases from one human or animal to another by
picking up a virus or parasite along with the blood meal while biting an infected human or
animal. The mosquito and the virus do not harm one another but the virus reproduces inside the
mosquito. Later, the mosquito passes the viruses to other humans while biting. So nowadays,
everyone hates mosquito, people will do almost anything to get rid from the bite of mosquito
because there's a possibility that they carrying a disease that can put us in danger. In a solution to
this problem, I am conducting a study propose the use of Sambong leaves extract as scented
mosquito coil repellant to prevent us from getting sick and to protect ourselves from the disease
or danger caused by mosquitoes.
Sambong, also known as “Blumea balsamifira,” or “Blumea camphor,” is anaromatic
shrub that grows from one to four meter in height. It has been described physically as softy hair
and half woody. Sambong is known as herbal medicine for Common Cold, Infected Wounds,
Urinary Tract Infection and reduces High blood pressure. Although there's a lot of gadgets have
been invented to alleviate all sorts of flying insect on infestations. Mosquito coils are one of the
most traditional gadgets to keep you away from mosquito. But in addition, Sambong (Blumea
balsamifera) is a well-known effective herbal remedy for various ailments and Sambong
insecticide has a content of 45%extract particularly the sambong leaves, 20% water or 65%
infused water, 20% citric acid, 15% vodka, in avoiding harmful mosquito bites and will prevent
us from mosquitos that carrying dengue.
This research study may lessen the population of insects that can cause fever when they
bite. It has a longer lasting effect. Burn a few pieces of dried sage leaves and close all windows
and doors in the house. Leave it closed for 15 to 20 minutes to be fully effective in killing and
repelling mosquitoes. According to the past researches, the study revealed that the mosquito
repellant effect of sambong and commercially available mosquito coil was comparable. (Pilongo
J, Reyes M, Pascual CG, Salvador RM, Romero K, Tionghoy AL, Regachuelo D, Patricio AM,
Rom NL, Quinto MF, Manalaysay G, Pabalan K, Peralta A. 2013).
 In the course of this study, the main ingredient of the product is sambong leaves
extract to repel mosquito that will produce a pleasant smell which is not concluded or mentioned
in the previous studies. It is a shrub that grows wild in the tropical climate countries such as
Philippines, as well as India, Africa and even in eastern Himalayas. The mosquito coil made
from sambong leaves was more effective having a shorter time elapsed before it takes effect
compared with the commercially available mosquito coil. But keep note that this insecticide is
not applicable for sensitive human and animals. It is not good for our breathing system. It is only
useful for insects like ants, fly, and mosquito. Don’t spray it into any food and beverages this can
poisoned you. Do not keep out on reach of children and don’t spray it to your skin if your skin is
sensitive.
The aim of this study to find out what is its appearance, longevity, effectiveness as a
repellent. In this study, the experimental method is used as the study focuses on knowing the
feasibility of Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) as a fragrant mosquito repellent. The experimental
method is the best to use. The dependent variable in the study is the mosquito and the
independent variable is mosquito repellent. The results of this study will show the overall
positive effects of using Sambong leaves as scented mosquito repellent.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division of Nueva Ecija
TALAVERA SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Roxas Street, Pag-asa District, Talavera, Nueva Ecija, 3114

THE EFFECTS OF BIOCHARCOAL TO OKRA (ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS) AS

A SOIL AMENDMENT

A Research Proposal
Presented to the
Panel Examiners of
Talavera Senior High School
Talavera, Nueva Ecija

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the subject,
Research Project in
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

by

CLARENCE CLARK CAUYAO

MARIA LANA GRACE DIAZ
KING CYRUZ JUAN
JOHN BENEDICK LAGASCA
HANNAH SARMIENTO

JUNE 2021
 Rationale of the Study
Philippines is known for its wide variety of agricultural products, exporting numerous
nutritious fruits around Asia and the globe. However, due to climate change and global
deterioration, agricultural farming has been a challenge for the Philippines. Export of different
fruits has lessened over the years by reason of extreme climate and soil degradation. (Yu,H. et
al.,2019). In lieu of finding a solution to this problem, this study proposes the use of Biocharcoal.
Biochar is made of high-carbon, and fine-grained residue that is produced from the
process of pyrolysis. It undergoes a direct thermal decomposition of biomass in the absence of
zero to little oxygen. Which can produce a variety of products that is a mixture of solids
(Biochar), liquid (Bio-oil) and gas (syngas or synthesis gas). However, these products are
dependent on its process condition, such as temperature, residence time, and heating rate. The
process of creating biochar may take time through pyrolysis, but it has a potential to help
mitigate global warming and climate change. This results from the process related to pyrogenic
carbon capture, which can increase the growth of agricultural crops (Mašek, O. et al.,2019)
Biochar is made out of charcoal that can be used as soil amendment for both carbon
sequestration and soil health benefits (Yu,H. et al., 2019; Fang et al., 2018; Munoz et al., 2016).
Biochar can increase soil fertility of sandy or clay-like soils, and increase agricultural
productivity, and provide protection against some foliar and soil-borne diseases or viruses
(Yu,H. et al.,2019).
The advantage of using biomass thermochemical processes product called biochar
particularly as a soil amendment material is assured total for soil health improvement. Effective
utilization of biochar is critical for improving agricultural viability and environmental
sustainability of biomass thermochemical technologies. (Qian, K., Kumar, A., Zhang, H.,
Bellmer, D., & Huhnke, R. 2015).
Given the statement above, the aim of this study is to identify whether the application of
biochar as a soil enhancement can affect the growth rate of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) with
the use of Philippine agricultural soils (sandy or clay-like) under extreme climate.
Statement of the Problem

The objective of this study is to observe and investigate the effects of bio charcoal on the
growth and development of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) plant. Specifically, this study aims to
answer the following questions:

1. How does bio charcoal added on soil effect the growth rate of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
compared to soil without bio charcoal in terms of:

a. Height of plant;
b. Number of true roots; and
c. Number of fruits?

2. How effective is Bio charcoal on soil productivity compared to commercial soil in terms of
a. Number of its branch
b. Number of visible attached leaves?

3. What are the mixtures present in Bio charcoal that aids the growth of okra (Abelmoschus
esculentus)?

Research Design
The study utilizes the experimental design of research. Since the study focuses on finding
out the feasibility of bio charcoal as a soil amendment and organic fertilizer on the growth and
development of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), the experimental method is the most appropriate
to use. According to Formplus Blog, experimental research is a scientific approach to research,
where one or more independent variable is manipulated and applied to one or more dependent
variables to measure their effect on the latter.
Specifically, the study employs quasi-experimental research design. Cook (2016), defined
quasi-experimental research as a research that resembles experimental research. Also, it is a
unique research methodology because of its characteristics that are similar to experimental
research. The control group is the ordinary commercial soil while the experimental group is the
soil that contains bio charcoal.

Table 1
Lists of Materials and equipment’s
Material Quantity / Unit Pictures

Planting Pot 2 to 3 pieces

Planting Soil
2kg

Dry Biomass
1kg

Steel drum
1 pieces
. 

Okra seed 10 grams

Preparing the Biocharcoal

This is the procedures and steps that will be conducted by the researchers to make an

organic fertilizer which is the bio charcoal.

1. Preparation of Materials

Prepare the materials. Next, cut the barrels at the bottom exactly 2 inches on both side

then fill with fine dry woods or biomass to undergo in the process called “pyrolysis”.

2. Making the Bio charcoal

Top of the can with wood chips then seal it up tightly. Next, dig a trench and make a fire

to heat the biomass and fine woods. After that, put a stone or brick and set fire on both sides of

the barrels where biomass is located.

3. Remove fire and Cool

After biomass undergoes pyrolysis, its steam will issue for about 2-3 hours inside the

barrels. When all the volatile gases such as methane and hydrogen start blazing out slots within 1

hour, pack sand around the barrel to cover all its slit and shut odd the air to extravagate the

combustion. Then let it cool overnight.

4. Making Bio charcoal into Terra-Petra

Dump the fine charcoals and woods in the plastics and add woods chips in relevance for

the fungal content and leaf or grass mold of a plant to feed and supply nutrients to parasites such

as worms. After that, leave it for a day or two for as the charcoal to juice up and moist in the way

it can.
 5. Adding Biocharcoal to the Plants

Prepare commercial soil (planting soil). Then put the charge Biochar into the soil that

will act as organic fertilizer on the growth of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus).

Biochar Procedure

Preparation of Materials

Making the Biochar

Remove fire and Cool

Making Biochar intoTerra Petra

Adding Biochar to the plants

Figure 1: Flowchart in the process making of Bio charcoal

Testing Procedure and Data Collection
After the process of biocharcoal. The researchers will find a place that are regularly
expose to sunlit. Two containers will be prepared, one with pure bio charcoal and with ordinary
soil, then the seedlings will be carefully planted into the containers. The observation period will
be within 55 days, wherein plants will be watered daily. Below are the tables that will be used for
monitoring the growth and observing the noticeable difference between the two subjects.

Table 2. Height of Okra (cm)

15 days after
Treatment 25 days 35 days 45 days 55 days
planting

Control
(Plain soil)

Treatment 1
(Soil with bio
charcoal)

Treatment 2
(Soil with bio
charcoal)

Treatment 3
(Soil with bio
charcoal)
 Table 3. Number of True roots
15 days after
Treatment 25 days 35 days 45 days 55 days
planting

Control
(Plain soil)

Treatment 1
(Soil with bio
charcoal)

Treatment 2
(Soil with bio
charcoal)

Treatment 3
(Soil with bio
charcoal)

Table 4. Number of fruits

15 days after
Treatment 25 days 35 days 45 days 55 days
planting

Control
(Plain soil)

Treatment 1
(Soil with bio
charcoal)

Treatment 2
(Soil with bio
charcoal)

Treatment 3
(Soil with bio
charcoal)

Table 5. Number of its branch

15 days after
Treatment 25 days 35 days 45 days 55 days
planting

Control
(Plain soil)

Treatment 1
(Soil with bio
charcoal)

Treatment 2
(Soil with bio
charcoal)

Treatment 3
(Soil with bio
charcoal)

Table 5. Number of visible attached leaves?

15 days after
Treatment 25 days 35 days 45 days 55 days
planting

Control
(Plain soil)

Treatment 1
(Soil with bio
charcoal)
 Treatment 2
(Soil with bio
charcoal)

Treatment 3
(Soil with bio
charcoal)

Table 6. List of Other materials present in biochar

1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.