Energy Management

TI4101 Facility Layout

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TI4101 Facility Layout | Energi Management

Tujuan & Prasyarat
• Tujuan Instruksional Umum
⚬ Mahasiswa mampu m e r a n ca n g tata letak fasilitas sistem
manufaktur, yang meliputi mesin, tempat kerja, dan gudang
serta sistem pemindahan materialnya.

• Tujuan Khusus
⚬ Memahami pertimbangan-pertimbangan pengelolaan energi
pada perancangan tata letak fasilitas

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Energy Management
• Definition
⚬ The efficient and effective use of energy to maximize profits
(minimize costs) and enhance competitive positions
• Some desirable subobjectives of energy management
programs include (7 points):
⚬ Improving energy efficiency and reducing energy use, thereby
reducing costs
⚬ Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve air quality.
⚬ Cultivating good communications on energy matters

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Energy Management
• Some desirable subobjectives of energy management
programs include (cont’d):
⚬ Developing and maintaining effective monitoring, reporting,
and management strategies for wise energy usage
⚬ Finding new and better ways to increase returns from energy
investments through research and development
⚬ Developing interest in and dedication to the energy
management program from all employees
⚬ Reducing the impacts of curtailments, brownouts, or any
interruption in energy supplies

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Energy Management

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Energy Units and Convertions

• Btu (British termal unit):

⚬ One Btu is the amount of energy
needed to raise the temperature of
one pound of water one degree
Fahrenheit.
• 1 kWh = 3412 Btu

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Energy Supply and Use Statistics

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Energy Use in Commercial
Buildings

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Energy Use in Commercial
Buildings

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Energy Use in Industry

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Facility’s Energy Performance
• Energy Utilization Index (EUI)
⚬ The number of Btu’s of energy used annually per square foot
of conditioned space
⚬ all of the energy used in the facility must be identified

• Example 1.1—Consider a building with 100,000 square feet

of floor space. It uses 1. 76 million kWh and 6.5 million
cubic feet of natural gas in one year. Find the Energy
Utilization Index (EUI) for this facility.

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Facility’s Energy Performance
• Solution: Each kWh contains 3412 Btu and each cubic foot
of gas contains about 1000 Btu. Therefore the total annual
energy use is:

• Dividing the total energy use by 105 ft2 gives the EUI:

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Facility’s Energy Performance

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Facility’s Energy Performance
• Energy Cost Index (ECI)
⚬ the dollar cost of energy used annually per square foot of
conditioned space
⚬ the ratio of the total annual energy cost for a facility to the
total number of square feet of conditioned floor space of the
facility
• Example 1.2—Consider the building in Example 1.1. The
annual cost for electric energy is $115,000 and the annual
cost for natural gas is $32,500. Find the Energy Cost Index
(ECI) for this facility.

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Facility’s Energy Performance
• Solution: The ECI is the total annual energy cost divided by
the total num- ber of conditioned square feet of floor
space.

• Dividing this total energy cost by 100,000 square feet of

space gives:

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Machining’s Energy

• The power (energy per unit time) required to perform a

machining operation:

Cutting power, N-ms or W (ft-lb/min) = Cutting force, N (lb) × Cutting speed, m/s (ft/min)

• In horsepower by dividing ft-lb/min by 33,000:

Cutting horsepower,
hp

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Machining’s Energy
• The gross power should be greater than the power
delivered:
Gross power of machine
tool motor, N-ms or W

Mechanical efficiency, for

Gross horsepower, hp
machine tools around 90%

• Power per unit  unit power Pu (or unit horsepower HPu ):

Material removal rate,
mm3/s (in3/s)

known also as the specific energy U.

N-m/mm3 or J/mm3 (in-lb/in3)

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Machining’s Energy
An example:
Let us determine cutting power and specific energy in the
machining operation if the cutting speed = 100 m/min. Let
the other data is:

Solution:

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Machining’s Energy

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Estimating Steam Usage

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Lighting Quantity

• One standard four-foot

fluorescent lamp would
provide 2,900 lumens in a
standard office system
• The number of foot-candles
shows how much light is
actually reaching the
workplane (or task).

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Lamp Efficacies

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Recommended Light Level

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Recommended Light Level

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Recommended Light Level

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