Name : Sherly Tiara Dita

NPM : A1B020033
Class : 3A
Study Program: Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris
Course : Semantics
Lecturer : Prof. Dr. Safnil, M.A.Ph. D

SEMANTICS- Meet 3

Task 2 :
Do the exercise on pages 28 practice 2.2, page 29 practice 2.3 and page 38 practice 2.6!

Practice 2.2

The meaning of any language symbol depends to an extent on the context in which it occurs.
Here are two ‘narratives’ that are rather vague because a lot of details are missing, but in each
group the mere collocation of the words that are here tells a sort of story.

(a) …pain…clinic…doctor…examine…surgery…hospital…nurses…preparation…surgeon…
successfuloperation…quick recovery
(b)…rocket…preparation…countdown…blastoff…orbit…splashdown…quick recovery…
successful operation

The term successful operation occurs in both stories. Does it seem to have the same meaning in
both of them? The phrase quick recovery also occurs in both stories. Does it have the same
meaning in both?

Answer :
The word "successful operation" in both stories when viewed from the lexical
meaning, there is no change in meaning, but because this sentence is used in a different
context or we can call it contextual meaning, the meaning is different, therefore in this case
the meaning is different. This happens because the word is mentioned in a context where the
word has a different meaning. The word "successful operation" has the same thing, but in
the first story and the story they show different intentions and can make it possible differently
because the situation and the participants are different in the first story the word success.
Operation Refers to the meaning that the operation that the doctor performs on his patient to
remove a surgical disease in the second story refers to the task of relieving the mission that
has been completed. Likewise with the word quick recovery in the story.

Practice 2.3
In the following short discourses, what is the implicature that connects the second utterance to
the first?
Answer :
In the discourse shows the implicature that connects the first utterance with the
second utterance. This implicature is called conventional implicature, because this
implicature inserts information about the utterance directly in the context of the
conversation.

a) Is there a garage near here? Our engine is making strange noises.

b) Barbara: How did you do on the examination? Barry: I think I’ll just drop this course.
c) Jim: Would you like to go dancing tomorrow night? Laura: We have guests coming from
out of town.

Has Laura answered Jim’s question?

Answer :
Yes, laura answered jim's question indirectly, by saying that there was a guest coming
from out the city, so with that jim could understand the answer as well as the reason why
laura couldn't join the dance.

If so, what is her answer? Has she answered a question that he didn’t ask? If so, what is the
question?

Answer :
Laura answered Jim's question indirectly by saying “We have guests coming from out
of town”. Yes, Laura answered the question that Jim didn't ask, but the answer could
indirectly be understood by Jim the reason why Laura couldn't join the dance. Jim's question
is “Would you like to go dancing tomorrow night?”.

Practice 2.6
Here are ten stylized gestures that are used by speakers of English. Write down what each one
‘means’—that is, how you would interpret it in one or more speech situations. Then compare
your interpretations with those made by other members of your class.

a) The index finger of one hand points at someone and the hand is moved up and down
three or four times with deliberate motion (‘shaking a finger at someone’).
= express anger and emphasize words

b) The fist, with knuckles down, moves up and down in short movements knocking on
something or as if knocking on something (‘knocking on wood’).
 = assert something or in a state of anger and rebellion
c) Shoulders are moved upward and down again, possibly repeated (‘shrugging
shoulders’).
= indicates that you don't know about something
d) Hands are clasped across each other, palm against palm, and forearms move back and
forth; this gesture can be executed in front of oneself or over one’s head (‘shaking hands
with oneself’).
= express that one's belief is unanimous
e) Hand is held on the stomach, palm inward, and the hand makes a circular movement.
= indicates that you are hungry
f) The tongue moves back and forth over the lips (‘licking one’s lips’).
= Taste Delight or taste for something like food
g) The palm of one hand is brought up and slaps smartly against the forehead.
= signifies just remembering something or an event
h) The hand, slightly cupped, is pulled across the forehead as if wiping something away,
= Express confusion
i) The index finger is pulled across the throat; the gesture may be accompanied by a noise
that is made with movement of air (and saliva) on one side of the mouth while the lips
are slightly open on that side.
= indicates someone is thirsty or nervous
j) The fingers of the two hands are interlocked and the thumbs move in circles around each
other (‘twiddling one’s thumbs’).

In a class composed of students from different countries it will be interesting to compare the
signals made in the following situations:

a) Two people who are acquainted see each other at some distance and greet each other
with a gesture.
= Waving happily
b) Two people who have been together move apart and give each other a farewell signal.
= Wave hands
c) One person signals to another one to come forward.
= Move one hand forward by Swinging palm up and down
d) One hand is used to indicate the height of a child or of some object.
= Adjusting the hand to the object's height
e) The gesture-maker wants to indicate himself/herself.
= Raising the hand or pointing at oneself using the index finger

f) A movement to signal agreement or an affirmative answer.

= thumbs up
g) A movement to signal a negative answer,
 = Cross arms in front of body
h) A way of indicating one’s opinion that some other person is ‘crazy.’
= Cross index finger in front of forehead