José J.

Hernández Ayala, PhD

Assistant Professor of Physical Geography & Environmental Sciences
Research Director at the Climate Research Center (CRC)
Sonoma State University
E2 Estancias De Santa Maria 3 St, Manati, PR 00674
(787) 243-4592 jose.hernandezayala@sonoma.edu
http://josejhernandezayala.weebly.com

Education
2016 Ph.D. University of Florida Physical Geography/Climate Science
2015 Graduate Certificate University of Florida Applied Atmospheric Sciences
2012 M.S The University of Akron Geographic Information Sciences (GIS)
2010 B.A University of Puerto Rico Physical/Environmental Geography

Professional Experience
Assistant Professor at Sonoma State University (August 2017- present)
-Responsibilities: Teach Weather & Climate, Environmental Data Analysis, Intro to Geographic Information
Systems (GIS), Watershed Hydrology & Management and Human Geography
Research Director in the Climate Research Center (CRC) at Sonoma State University (August 2017- present)
-Responsibilities: Conduct research on weather and climate related topics. Submit grant proposals and supervise
the work of student research assistants in the center. Submit studies for publication in peer reviewed journals.
Visiting Assistant Professor at Texas A&M University (fall 2016-summer 2017)
-Responsibilities: teach Global Climatic Regions, Hydrology & Environment and Principles of GIS
Lecturer at the University of Florida (May - July 2016)
-Responsibilities: teach courses in geography and geographic information systems (GIS)
Graduate Teaching Assistant (Instructor of Record) at the University of Florida (fall 2012-summer 2016)
-Responsibilities: teach courses in physical geography and geographic information systems (GIS)
Graduate Teaching Assistant (Instructor of Record) at The University of Akron (fall 2011-spring 2012)
-Responsibilities: teach introductory courses in geography and geography of cultural diversity
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Lab Assistant at The University of Akron (fall 2010-spring 2011)
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-Responsibilities: technical support in GIS labs and research on GIS applications in physical geography
Publications
Hernández Ayala JJ, Mann J, and Grosvenor E. (2021). Antecedent rainfall, vegetation growth and its
relation to wildfire burned areas in Northern California. Earth and Space Science.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EA001624
Hernández Ayala JJ, Mendez-Tejeda R. (2020) How much rainfall did Hurricane Maria really drop in Puerto
Rico? Weather. https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.3898
Hernández Ayala JJ, Mendez-Tejeda R. (2020) Off-Season Tropical Cyclone Frequency and its connections
with Climate Variability and Change. Weather & Climate Dynamics. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2020-36
Hernández Ayala JJ, Heslar M (2019) Spatial characteristics of rainfall during droughts in The Caribbean
using the standardized precipitation index (SPI). Climate Research. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01562
Keellings D, Hernández Ayala JJ, (2019) Extreme rainfall associated with Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico
and its relation to climate variability and change. Geophysical Research Letters.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082077
Hernández Ayala JJ (2019) Atmospheric teleconnections and their effects on the annual and seasonal rainfall
climatology of Puerto Rico. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-019-
02774-3
Hernández Ayala JJ. Matyas CJ (2018) Spatial distribution of tropical cyclone rainfall and its contribution to
the climatology of Puerto Rico. Physical Geography, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2017.1354416
Hernández Ayala JJ, Keellings D, Waylen PR., Matyas CJ (2017) Extreme floods and their relationship with
tropical cyclones in Puerto Rico. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 1-17.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2017.1368521
Hernández Ayala JJ, Matyas CJ (2016) Tropical cyclone rainfall over Puerto Rico and its relations to
environmental and storm‐specific factors. International Journal of Climatology, 36(5), 2223-2237
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4490
Hernández Ayala JJ (2016) Climatology of tropical cyclone rainfall over Puerto Rico: Processes, patterns and
impacts. (Electronic Thesis or Dissertation) Retrieved from
https://uf.catalog.fcla.edu/permalink.jsp?20UF034670763
Hernández Ayala JJ (2012) Spatial and Temporal Changes in Precipitation in Puerto Rico from 1956-2010.
(Electronic Thesis or Dissertation). Retrieved from
https://etd.ohiolink.edu/pg_10?::NO:10:P10_ETD_SUBID:47778

Manuscripts in Progress
Hernández Ayala JJ and Grosvenor E. The Extremely Active 2020 Hurricane Season in the North Atlantic
and its relation to Climate Variability and Change. Target Journal: Journal of Geophysical Research
Atmospheres. Anticipated date of submission: Nov, 2021.

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Hernández Ayala JJ and Méndez-Tejeda R. Examining the atmospheric-oceanic conditions between the two
most active hurricane seasons on record in the North Atlantic. Target Journal: Monthly Weather Review.
Anticipated date of submission: Dec, 2021.

Conference Presentations
Hernández Ayala JJ, Mann J, and Grosvenor E. 2021. Antecedent rainfall, vegetation growth and its relation
to wildfire burned areas in Northern California delivered at the Sonoma State University Undergraduate
Research Symposium on May, 2021.
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2021. Off-Season Tropical Cyclone Frequency and its connections with Climate
Variability and Change delivered at the Dominican Society of Physics International Congress on January 20th,
2021.
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2020. Climate Change & Global Warming Impacts From Puerto Rico to California,
delivered at the SSU Social Justice Week Talk Series in Rohnert Park, CA on March 6, 2020.
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2020. Climate Change and Wildfires in California, delivered at the Latino Climate
Leadership Workshop in Rohnert Park, CA on March 6, 2020.
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2019. Hurricane Maria. Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Extreme Rainfall Associated
with Hurricane Maria within the Precipitation Climatology of Tropical Cyclones in Puerto Rico delivered at the
American Geophysical Union (AGU) Annual Meeting in San Francisco, CA on Dec 12, 2019.
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2019. Colonialism, Hurricanes and Climate Change and their Role in Puerto Rico’s
Uprising, delivered at the Latino Health Forum in Sonoma State University on Nov 21, 2019.
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2019. Extreme rainfall associated with Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico and its relation to
climate variability and change, delivered at the American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting in
Washington DC on April 6, 2019.
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2019. Puerto Rico’s Energetic Future and the energy systems of Costa Rica and Cuba as
models. Delivered on 03/19 at the Energy Forum at Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2018. Statistical Applications in Extreme Weather & Climate Research. Delivered on
11/18 at the Math Colloquium at Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2018. Climate Change, Hurricanes and Disaster Capitalism: The Case of Maria in Puerto
Rico. Delivered on 11/18 at the Environmental Forum at Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2018. The forces behind Puerto Rico’s destruction: Hurricane Maria, Colonialism and
Neoliberalism, delivered at the American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting in New Orleans, LA on
April 7.
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2017. On the relationship between climate change and capitalism, delivered at the
Environmental Forum in Sonoma State University on December 7 in Rohnert Park, CA
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2017. Spatial analysis of rainfall for recent drought events in The Caribbean using the
standardized precipitation index (SPI), delivered at the American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting
on April 6 in Boston, MA
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Hernández Ayala JJ. 2016. Extreme floods in Puerto Rico and their connections with tropical cyclones,
delivered at the American Meteorological Society Hurricanes Conference on April 21 in San Juan, PR
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2016. Examining the spatial characteristics of rainfall during drought periods in the
Caribbean using CHIRPS, delivered at the American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting on March 30
in San Francisco, CA
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2016. Spatial climatology of rainfall associated with tropical cyclones and their
contribution to overall precipitation in Puerto Rico, delivered at the University of Florida Water Institute
Symposium on February 17 in Gainesville, FL.
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2015. Spatial distribution of tropical cyclone rainfall and its contribution to the
precipitation climatology of Puerto Rico, delivered at the Southeastern Division of the Association of American
Geographers Meeting on November 21 in Pensacola, FL.
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2015. Puerto Rico: Challenges and Solutions in the XXI Century, Climatic factors
affecting Puerto Rico, delivered at the Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting on April 24 in
Chicago, IL.
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2015. Contribution of tropical cyclones to the rainfall climatology of Puerto Rico,
delivered at the American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting on April 22 in Chicago, IL.
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2014. Tropical cyclone rainfall over Puerto Rico and its relations to environmental and
storm specific factors, delivered at the Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers
Meeting on November 24 in Athens, GA.
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2014. Multiple Atmospheric Tele-connections Control of Rainfall in Puerto Rico,
delivered at the American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting on April 08 in Tampa, FL.
Hernández Ayala JJ. 2013 Spatial climatology of rainfall associated with tropical cyclones for the island of
Puerto Rico, delivered at the American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting on April 11 in Los
Angeles, CA.
Teaching Experience
Courses Taught at The University of Akron
GEO 100 Introduction to Geography (spring 2012) at The University of Akron
Responsibilities: Develop and teach lectures, labs and assignments in topics related to
physical and human geography. Lecture topics in Physical Geography include: Earth Sun
Relationships, Earth’s Energy and Temperature, Atmospheric Composition and Processes,
Hydrologic Cycle, Weather Systems, Plate Tectonics, Volcanoes and Hydrology. Lecture
topics in Human Geography include: Population, Cultural Geography, Economic Geography,
Political Geography and Geography of Religion.
GEO 272 Geography of Cultural Diversity (fall 2011) at The University of Akron
Responsibilities: Develop and teach lectures, labs and assignments in topics related to
cultural geography. Topics include: Population Geography, Cultural Landscapes, Race and
Ethnicity, Urban Geography, Human-Environment Relationships.
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 Courses Taught at the University of Florida
GEO 2200L Physical Geography Lab (fall 2012, spring, 2013, fall 2013 and spring 2014) at the
University of Florida
Responsibilities: Develop and teach labs and assignments in topics related to physical
geography. Topics include: Earth Sun Relationships, Temperature Patterns, Water Resources,
Soils, Biomes and Ecosystems, Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes and Volcanoes, Oceans,
Tsunamis and Coral Reefs, Tropical Cyclones, Topographic Maps, GPS, Google Earth, GIS
and Remote Sensing.
GIS 3043 Foundations of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) (summer 2013, summer 2014,
summer 2015) at the University of Florida
Responsibilities: Develop and teach lectures, labs and assignments in topics related to
geographic information systems (GIS). Lecture topics in GIS include: Intro to GIS, GIS Data
Models, Coordinate Systems and Projections, Geodatabases, GIS Data Access and Quality,
Remote Sensing, GPS, Vector Analysis, Raster Analysis, Spatial Interpolation, Terrain
Analysis and Hydrologic Modelling.
GEO 2242 Extreme Weather (fall 2014, spring 2015 and fall 2015) at the University of Florida
Responsibilities: Develop and teach lectures, labs and assignments in topics related to
meteorology and climatology. Lecture topics include: Introduction to the Atmosphere,
Heating Earth’s Surface and Atmosphere, Temperature, Moisture and Atmospheric Stability,
Forms of Condensation and Precipitation, Air Pressure and Winds, Circulation of the
Atmosphere, Air Masses, Midlatitude Cyclones, Thunderstorms and Tornadoes, Hurricanes,
Weather Analysis and Forecasting, Air Pollution and The Changing Climate.
GEO 2200 Physical Geography (spring 2016) at the University of Florida
Responsibilities: Develop and teach lectures, labs and assignments in topics related to
physical geography. Lecture topics include: The Nature of Physical Geography, Energy and
Matter in the Atmosphere, Atmospheric Motion, Atmosphere Moisture, Weather Systems and
Severe Weather, Atmosphere, Ocean, Cryosphere Interactions, Understanding Landscapes,
Plate Tectonics and Regional Features, Volcanoes, Deformation, and Earthquakes,
Weathering and Mass Wasting, Hydrology, Streams and Flooding, and Coasts and Changing
Sea Levels.
Courses Taught at Texas A&M University
GEOG 324 Global Climatic Regions (fall 2016) at Texas A&M University
Responsibilities: Develop and teach lectures, labs and give assignments in topics related to
weather and climate processes at all scales. Lecture topics include: Climate Data & Records,
Atmospheric Origins, Atmospheric Composition, Atmospheric Structure, Earth-Sun
Relationships, Proximity to Water, Global Circulation, Ocean Circulation, Energy Balance,
Hydrologic Cycle, Koppen Climate Classification, Climate of Europe and Asia, Climate of
North America, Climate of Africa and Oceania, Climate of Central and South America,
Natural Climatic Variability, Climate Change.
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GEOG 390 Principles of GIS/Applications in GIS at Texas A&M University
Responsibilities: Develop and teach lectures, labs and assignments in topics related to
geographic information systems (GIS). Lecture topics in GIS include: Intro to GIS, GIS Data
Models, Coordinate Systems and Projections, Geodatabases, GIS Data Access and Quality,
Remote Sensing, GPS, Vector Analysis, Raster Analysis, Spatial Interpolation, Terrain
Analysis and Hydrologic Modelling
GEOG 434 Hydrology and Environment (fall 2016) at Texas A&M University
Responsibilities: Develop and teach lectures, labs and give assignments in topics related to
physical geography and hydrology. The focus is on water in the atmosphere, water on the
earth’s surface and water in the root zone of the soil. Lecture topics include: Introduction to
Hydrology, Precipitation, Evapotranspiration, Infiltration and Storage, Runoff and
Streamflow. The course focuses on the relationship between the hydrologic cycle and climate
variability and change, with special attention on issues related to water resources.
Courses Taught at Sonoma State University
GEP 355 Weather and Climate (fall 2017, spring 2020) at Sonoma State University
Responsibilities: Develop and teach lectures, labs and assignments in topics related to
meteorology and climatology. Lecture topics include: Introduction to the Atmosphere, Heating
Earth’s Surface and Atmosphere, Temperature, Moisture and Atmospheric Stability, Forms of
Condensation and Precipitation, Air Pressure and Winds, Circulation of the Atmosphere, Air
Masses, Midlatitude Cyclones, Thunderstorms and Tornadoes, Hurricanes, Weather Analysis
and Forecasting, Air Pollution and The Changing Climate.
GEP 390 Environmental Data Analysis (fall 2017, fall 2018, fall 2019) at Sonoma State University
Responsibilities: The Environmental Data Analysis (EDA) course introduces students to the
nature of environmental data (Atmospheric, Oceanic and Earth’s surface). The students will
learn how to access the data, how to pre- process it and how to analyze it using different
statistical methods and geographic information systems (GIS), in order to explore possible
solutions to important issues in areas like global climate change, water management, rainfall
redistribution and drought mitigation.
GEP 312 Professional Conferences (spring 2018) at Sonoma State University
Students learn about professional research, presentation, and discourse by attending research
presentations at a professional conference. Conference and travel may include professionally
led field trips. The course requires an additional fee. Course may be repeated for credit. Up to
2 units of GEP 312 in total may be counted towards the major.
GEP 302 Introduction to Human Geography (spring 2018, fall 2020) at Sonoma State University
This course serves as an introduction to the field of Human Geography. A geographic
perspective focuses upon understanding relationships between people and their
environments/places and the spatial patterns and processes that social relations produce. We
will survey the ways geography intersects with the three moments of social processes (how
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 space and place meet culture, economy, and politics). As this is an introductory course, our first
concern is to gain a command of the foundational concepts of human geography and increase
our ability to apply those concepts in critical analyses of current and historical social processes.
GEP 354 Watershed Hydrology & Management (spring 2018, spring 2019, spring 2020) at Sonoma State
University
This course focuses on the flow of water between Earth’s atmosphere, surface and the root zone
of the soil, with a focus on the watershed unit. The hydrologic processes affecting surface and
groundwater resources in a watershed, including precipitation, evapotranspiration, infiltration,
and runoff will be examined in lectures and labs. This includes investigation of the impact of
climate, soils, vegetation, land-use practices and human activities on hydrologic processes.

GEP 387 Introduction to GIS (spring 2019, fall 2019, spring 2020, fall 2020) at Sonoma State University
Responsibilities: Develop and teach lectures, labs and assignments in topics related to
geographic information systems (GIS). Lecture topics in GIS include: Intro to GIS, GIS Data
Models, Coordinate Systems and Projections, Geodatabases, GIS Data Access and Quality,
Remote Sensing, GPS, Vector Analysis, Raster Analysis, Spatial Interpolation, Terrain
Analysis and Hydrologic Modelling
GEP 490 Capstone Research Methods I (fall 2020) at Sonoma State University
This course is designed to help you successfully undertake an original research and writing
project to be completed in the following spring semester. It serves as a bridge between
archival research which you have all had experience with in your upper-division classes,
and original research you will conduct in the ‘real’ world. Towards this end we will explore
various means of observing, reading, and quantifying places, spaces, and regions. In order
to accomplish this, we will explore a variety of research methods, and work together to
formulate research questions and/or objective
GEP 491 Capstone Research Methods II (spring 2021) at Sonoma State University
This course is designed to help you successfully undertake an original research and writing
project to be completed in the following spring semester. It serves as a bridge between
archival research which you have all had experience with in your upper-division classes,
and original research you will conduct in the ‘real’ world. Towards this end we will explore
various means of observing, reading, and quantifying places, spaces, and regions. In order
to accomplish this, we will explore a variety of research methods, and work together to
formulate research questions and/or objective
Revised Manuscripts
-Revised manuscript titled: “An Intercomparison of Tropical Cyclone Best-Track Products for the Southwest
Pacific” for the International Journal of Climatology.
-Revised manuscript titled: “Developing a new extraction method for long-term tropical cyclone precipitation
from daily rain gauges” for the Journal of Hydrometeorology.
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-Revised manuscript titled: “Influences of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans on rainy season precipitation for the
southernmost Caribbean Small Island State, Trinidad and Tobago” for the Atmosphere journal.
-Revised manuscript titled: “Non-stationarity in Extreme Rainfall data at-site in New South Wales State,
Australia” for the Climate journal.
-Revised manuscript titled: “An Alternative to PCA for Estimating Dominant Patterns of Climate Variability
and Extremes, with Application to US Rainfall” for the Atmosphere journal.
-Revised manuscript titled: “Tornado climatology and severe convective environments in Mexico” for the
Climate Research journal.
-Revised manuscript titled: “On the Emerging Global Relevance of Atmospheric Rivers and Impacts on
Landscapes and Water Resources” for the Progress in Physical Geography journal.

Achievements, Awards and Grants

2010 Summa cum Laude Student Award (4.0 GPA) University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras
2012 Social, Behavioral and Economic Science Grant National Science Foundation
2015 SEDAAG Honors Competition Finalist South East Division of the AAG
2018 RSCAP Mini-grant recipient ($7000) Sonoma State University
2020 RSCAP Mini-grant recipient ($6000) Sonoma State University

Workshops, Talks, Panels and Seminars

-2015 NASA GPM applications workshop at the University of Maryland Conference Center, College Park, MD
from June 9th – 10th.
-Climatología de la Lluvia en Puerto Rico: Eventos Extremos, Cambios, Variabilidad y Patrones, University of
Puerto Rico at Cayey, December 11, 2015.
-Lluvia Asociada con el paso de Ciclones Tropicales en Puerto Rico: Procesos, Patrones e Impactos, University
of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras Campus, April 21, 2016
-Climate change impacts on California workshop to high school students from San Mateo at Sonoma State in
Spring 2019.
-From Puerto Rico to California, My Journey as a Climate Scientist, talk delivered to Redwood Valley Middle
School Students in Mendocino County in Summer 2019.
-Panelist in Climate Action Town Hall with Congressman Mike Thompson in August, 2019 at Sonoma State
University.
-Panelist in United Nations panel on Global Sustainability Goals on October, 2019 at Sonoma State University

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-Panelist in Virtual Climate Change Town Hall with Congressman Mike Thompson in March, 2021 at Sonoma
State University.
-Worked in the NASA Neurodiversity N3 Internship Program where I mentored a highschool student and
helped him with a research project that examined the extreme rainfall climatology of the western USA.

Services
-Graduate Student Representative for Geography PhD program (Fall 2015 and Spring 2016)
-Undergraduate research mentor in Geography and Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Florida
-Member of the BS in Environmental Science committee at Sonoma State (Fall 2017 to present)
-Community connection with the Climate Center in Santa Rosa (Fall 2017 to present)
-Geography Club Faculty Advisor in Sonoma State University (Fall 2018 to present)
-Member of the Senate Diversity Subcommittee at Sonoma State University (Fall 2019-Spring 2020)
-Member of the University Program Review Subcommittee at Sonoma State University (Fall 2020-Spring 2021)
-Member of the Graduate Studies Subcommittee at Sonoma State University (Fall 2021-present)

Media Appearances

https://www.wapa.tv/noticias/ciencia/boricua-investiga-relacion-entre-fuegos-forestales-y-eventos-de-
lluvias-del-pasado_20131122516337.html?fbclid=IwAR0mK0MYFpxH0dBy8Gz6ESYMIyyGm-
d7UqvwvITebcC3H76PkvgklC0j6E0
https://www.telemundopr.com/noticias/local-decision/como-interactuan-los-efectos-locales-y-la-lluvia-en-
puerto-rico/2190283/
https://www.wapa.tv/noticias/especiales/ciencia-y-meteorologia--cambio-climatico-causa-cambios-en-la-
temporada-de-huracanes_20131122495295.html
https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/ssu-scientist-ties-strong-hurricanes-to-climate-change/amp/
https://www.elnuevodia.com/ciencia/ciencia/nota/estudianlalluviaciclonicasobrepuertorico-2110360/
https://www.metro.pr/pr/ciencia/2015/12/11/cientifico-boricua-estudia-lluvia-puerto-rico.html
http://www.upr.edu/cientifico-boricua-estudia-de-que-depende-que-llueva-en-puerto-rico/
http://www.thecommunityvoice.com/article/Rainfall-levels-are-up-But-not-yet-normal
http://www.sonomastatestar.com/news/2018/2/13/allergy-season-arrives-early-and-with-force
https://phys.org/news/2019-04-climate-blame-hurricane-maria-extreme.amp

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https://www.commondreams.org/news/2019/04/16/researchers-tie-climate-crisis-hurricane-marias-
record-breaking-rainfall-over-puerto
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/04/190416132153.htm
https://www.thedailybeast.com/hurricane-marias-extreme-rainfall-linked-to-climate-change-study
https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/Climate-Change-Made-Hurricane-Marias-Heavy-Rains-Nearly-5-
Times-More-Likely-Occur
https://www.elnuevodia.com/ciencia/ciencia/notaelcambioclimaticoexacerbolacantidaddelluviaquemariad
epositoenlaisla-2488521/
https://www.npr.org/2019/04/17/714098828/climate-change-was-the-engine-that-powered-hurricane-
marias-devastating-rains
https://news.agu.org/press-release/climate-change-to-blame-for-hurricane-marias-extreme-rainfall/
https://thinkprogress.org/scientists-climate-change-hurricane-maria-1c8a0b33cf0c/amp/

Association Memberships
-Association of American Geographers (AAG), 2012 – present
-American Meteorological Society (AMS), 2014 – present
-American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2014 - present
-Climate Specialty Group of the AAG, 2012 – present
-Latin America Specialty Group of the AAG, 2015 – present
-Geographic Information Systems of the AAG, 2012 – present
-Caribbean Specialty Group of the AAG, 2018-present
-Geographical Society of Puerto Rico, 2010 - present

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