Community WATSAN

Project Proposal
Mission: North Darfur
Title of the Action: WHS intervention in Tawila
Date: 15/06/2013
Project leader: Daniel Sagués

This is not a project in itself; it is a detailed approach

to some complex activities that are generally specified
into the operational/medical project log frame.

INDEX OF CONTENTS

Introduction......................................................................................................................................... 2
Problem analysis/justification......................................................................................2
Project Planning..................................................................................................................3
1. General objective............................................................................................................................................. 3
2. Expected outcomes/deliverables............................................................................................................. 3
3. Activities............................................................................................................................................................. 3
4. Activity schedule (work-plan)................................................................................................................... 6
5. Cost Forecast..................................................................................................................................................... 6
6. Strategy planning............................................................................................................................................ 6
7. Risks analysis.................................................................................................................................................... 7
8. Project Administration................................................................................................................................. 8
Annexes..................................................................................................................................8
Annex 1: Review of Medical Records............................................................................................................... 8
Annex 2. Community Environment Assessment Report.......................................................................11
Annex 3: Watsan Project Planning................................................................................................................. 16
 Community WATSAN Project Proposal

Introduction

The population of North Darfur State has not yet recovered from the cumulative impacts of
the conflict that erupted in 2003, albeit some humanitarian support from various
organizations. The impact of the crisis had a devastating effect: isolation, abandonment of
farming and changing of life style abnormalities due to displacement and which affected the
host communities.
The vulnerability of the population is further exacerbated by the fact that households operate
in a particularly fragile setting, prone to deterioration under several dimensions such us
insecurity, displacement, drought and depletion of natural resources which means depletion
of basic health services

Problem analysis/justification
The review of medical records has shown that there is a very high incidence of WHS –related
diseases in Tawila area (50% of MSF’s consultations), especially people coming to Bangui
Hospital and Kalunga Health Center.

Communities surrounding those health structures have been assessed, and the overall
problems observed can be summarized as follows:
 People consume contaminated water
 Children often have diarrhoea
 There are food shortages
 People defecate in the surroundings
 Drugs are very expensive
 There are problems of malnutrition
 Some water points dry up during the dry season
 There is garbage everywhere
 Many people are sick
 There are armed groups in the area
 Child mortalities are high
 Teachers are unmotivated
 Many people must walk a long way to the river to fetch water
 Children do not wash their hands before eating
 Health staff are often absent from the health posts
 Health posts are far and often closed
 Water is stored in dirty and open containers

As a conclusion, the situation is really bad in terms of water supply in Tawila town. Also
hygiene practices are very rare among the community, as there have been no hygiene and
health promotion activities in the past. If attitudes would improve, perhaps the environmental
situation would improve, but for that it is mandatory the involvement of the population, and
so far there are no groups that care for proper water resource management, nor
environmental sanitation.

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 Community WATSAN Project Proposal

There is definitely ground for WHS intervention in Tawila; moreover, we consider that any
WHS intervention would have a large impact on population’s health, which will positively
affects MSF’s medical intervention.

Project Planning
1. General objective
The general objective states that: Incidence of WHS related diseases is reduced in the
target community of Tawila area. Specifically, by the end of 2014 the project aims to reduce
the incidence rates on the 3 following diseases:
 Reduction of 5% of Non-bloody Diarrhoea incidence
 Reduction of 10% of Scabies incidence
 Reduction of 15% of conjunctivitis

2. Expected outcomes/deliverables
EO1: Communities from target areas has access to clean water, through the construction of 15
water points and the installation of water treatment stations. Its results are to be measured
by:
15 liters of clean water per person per day
0 fecal coliform/100 ml at all consumption points
0.4 mg/l of free residual chlorine in supplied water

EO2: Environment in target areas is safer and clean, through the implementation of a
household latrinization program and a solid waste management system. Its results are to be
measured by:
1 latrine available per family
Each family has and uses a refuse pit
One community refuse bin per 10 families

EO3: Hygiene behaviour among target Community is improved, through the implementation
of a Hygiene promotion program and the construction of 100 + 100 showers and hand-
washing points. Its results are to be measured by:
All the teachers are trained and they include hygiene promotion in their programs.
Communities improve their awareness regarding hygiene
80% of people use hand-washing facilities and showers

3. Activities
a. Construction of 15 water points with water treatment station

The construction of the 15 water points includes the rehabilitation of 10 existing boreholes,
plus the drilling of 5 more Boreholes. The location of 7 of these new sites has been done after
the hydrological study carried out by the Sudan’s local water authority. The remaining 3
belong to 3 main schools in the community, which water points dried out few years ago. The
selection of boreholes to rehabilitate followed a strict process, by which we observed 1) the
amount of people around the water source, 2) the accessibility by car, 3) the proximity of
public places as markets, or bus stops.

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 Community WATSAN Project Proposal

The selection has been done in collaboration with the recently formed Water Committee. We
have signed a MoU by which they would bring all raw materials, and unskilled labour, and will
take responsibility for the source operation and maintenance. On our side, MSF agreed to
provide the skilled labour, the drilling equipment and materials for the installation of the
pumps and protection of the source.

Besides the drilling and protection of the boreholes, MSF agreed to install a simple water
treatment system, consisting of a gravity-fed tap stand fed with a chlorine dispenser. This
system requires a skilled and capacitated person, which will be selected from the Water
committee and trained for that purpose. MSF agrees to provide powder chlorine for 1 year
estimated consumption, plus enough spare parts to cover the repairs and maintenance for the
next 2 years (4 sets or kits). The Water committee agrees to install a cashbox system by which
users will pay a monthly fee to fetch as much water as they want. The fees will be affordable
but sufficient to cover its operation and maintenance costs sustainably for the next 5 years.

b. Implementation of a household latrinization program

The latrinization program aims to provide with a private latrine to 300 selected families. The
selection of families must follow the following criteria: 1) Families not having any latrine at
home, 2) Families in which diarrhoea cases have been present in the last 3 months and 3)
Families categorized as low-income members. Such selection must be done together with the
community leader who should provide the list of the families that follow these criteria.

The program will provide 1 latrine slab per each selected household, plus specific training for
its construction with local materials. Demonstrations will be held at neighbour level, in which
hygiene promotion activities will accompany the latrine construction exercise.

Each family must sign an agreement to comply with the task to build its own latrine in the
next month upon reception of the slab and training exercise. The monitoring of each family
engagement is up to the community leader, and its representatives, who will inform regularly
MSF of the undergoing of the task.

c. Implement a solid waste management system

In order to improve the waste management in the community, MSF will form a small
cooperative of waste collectors, and provide training, equipment and materials to the team.
Each of the 10 individuals appointed as garbage collectors will receive a pushbike and a waste
trolley, which will be under his/her responsibility during his contract.

The system will start-up by MSF giving small incentives to the Waste collectors, but it is
planned to put a cost recovery system in place, which will charge a small monthly fee to the
families who contract the service. With these funds, workers must prove their benefits, and
make sure part of them are reinvested in the maintenance of the equipment and materials.

One waste dumpsite will be built in the outskirts of the city, a lined pit of 100 m2, correctly
fenced off, with easy access for the waste bikes, and a drainage system in place. It will be
managed by 2 people (by shifts), and their positions will swap each 3 months, so that all the
team does all the jobs at least once a year.

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 Community WATSAN Project Proposal

d. Implementation of a Hygiene promotion program

In order to reinforce the correct usage of the facilities being built by the community, and to
raise awareness of the correct hygiene practices and its link with the recurrent diseases
observed (namely: diarrhoea and skin diseases) MSF will set a hygiene promotion program
during one year.

The main target of the program is children between 3 to 15 years old, plus mothers and young
women. Its messages will be adapted to the local culture, and so will be the images and the
teaching methods to be used. Public performances like theatre, or concerts, or parades will be
carried out in schools, plazas, markets, and inside religious sites.

The participation of key people from the population will be relevant to achieve the program
objectives. A Hygiene Committee will be formed among the community, including people from
all sectors and social groups, so to ensure its representation. Radio and mass media will be
involved in the program, in order to broadcast key messages and to announce all HP activities
and its agenda. Local newspapers will include in a weekly basis a two-page article on Hygiene
promotion and inform about the activities’ agenda.

Since this is a sub-project within the WHS intervention, it will be coordinated by the IEC
supervisor and implemented by the CHW team from the project, who will define its own
learning objectives, work-plans and teaching methods. The coordinator will meet with the
WHS project manager to organize all needed logistics and inform on program results and
obstacles found.

e. Construction of 100 + 100 showers and hand-washing points

This activity will be implemented mainly in schools, where many students stay overnight, and
have no chance to have a clean shower or even washing their hands at any time of the day.
With collaboration from the parents of the students and the schools board of directors, MSF
will agree to provide the skilled labour as well as the construction materials, whilst the
partners will bring in non-skilled labour, and raw materials like sand, gravel and 50% of the
bricks needed.

Likewise, a hygiene committee will be created in each school, in order to clearly explain the
purpose of the initiative, and to make sure the facilities are well maintained and the HP
activities are regularly included in the educational program. The provision of soap and towels
for personal hygiene will be ensured by the hygiene committee, through an initial donation of
MSF to incentive its usage; however, in the future the system should be self-funded by the
hygiene committees.

The complete Logical Framework is included in the Annexes.

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4. Activity schedule (work-plan)

Start date: January 2014
Duration: 12 months
Main milestones (with estimated dates):
 Donation of water facilities to community in august 2014
 Donation of latrine slabs to households in September 2014
 Start-up of waste collection services in august 2014
 Finalization of HP campaign in September 2014
 Hand-over of showers and hand-washing points in September 2014

A more detailed chronogram is included in the Annexes.

5. Cost Forecast

ACTIVITIES / RESOURCES TOTAL COST

Administrative costs 20.000 €
Activity 1.1: Construction of 15 water points 28.700 €
Activity 1.2: Water treatment & quality monitoring 12.290 €
Activity 2.1: Construction of 300 household latrines 8.900 €
Activity 2.2: Refuse collection & management 13.850 €
Activity 3.1: Hygiene promotion to target communities 11.675 €
Activity 3.2: Construction of 100 showers and 300 hand-washing facilities 24.600 €
TOTAL 120.015 €

A more detailed budget is included in the Annexes.

6. Strategy planning
a) When is the best time throughout the year to carry out the activities? Activities
should be started the beginning of the year, so that the first results are ready just
before the Rainy seson begins in july-august.

b) Where is the intervention a priority? The focus of the project shall be Tawila due to
the high incidence of diseases. Within Tawila, the hotspots are located around the
hospital of Tawila and Kamuga health center. We shall assess the communities nearby
those structres, within a radius of 5 Km.

c) How are you going to ensure a proper coverage of target population? Activities
are targeting the most vulnerable groups, like children 3 to 15, mothers and young
women. MSF will involved them in the definition of the project, to consider their need
and demands. The evaluation system will make sure the activities’ results benefit the
target population fully.

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 Community WATSAN Project Proposal

d) What are your priorities among all the problems identified? The project
prioritizes the 3 diseases identified: Diarrhea, skin disease and conjunctivitis. All
problems which causes are linked to these diseases will be prioritized, and thus the
activities are designed to tackle them correctly.

e) What are the implementation phases of the project? The project will be carried out
in two different phases for Water supply: The rehabilitation of the exisiting sources in
the first 3 months, and the development of new sources in the rest of the year.

f) What will be your strategy of partner collaboration (if any)? Collaboration with
the Ministry of Education is key to access the schools. Besides, the communityn leaders
shall participate in the initial meetings and the participatory design of solutions.

g) How will the project obtain the Ehtics committee’s approval? There will be one
ethic committee fromed after the definition of activities, which should provide the
approval to the houshold surveys, and the publication of the resutls of the assessments.

h) How is the participiation of stakeholders, beneficiaries and other target groups

ensured during the project phases? Through involving them in the process of
assessment, and design of solutions, the project will created the needed ownership among
the population and the different groups identified.

i) Which criteria will be followed to decide when the project will be closed? Thanks
to the creation of committees (water committee and hygiene committees) the project
management will gradually tranfer the responsibilities to them, so that at the end of
the project, they can continue with the regular activities and O&M of the systems in
place.

7. Risks analysis
These are the main risks observed:

Risk Likelihood Impact Mitigation measure

Gap in Project leader
position
Dry season too intense, all
aquifers are dry
Community reluctant to
participate in the planned
activites
All roads blocked due to
Medium
rainy season floods
LogCo close follow-up of activities,
Low high assistant to project leader
capacitated
Identify alternative water sources,
Low high and contingency plans such as
Water trucking
Sign MoU with ministry of health,
social affairs, education, etc to
High High
motivate community leaders to
cooperate, maybe through
Plan main activities before the rainy
High season. Identfy alternatives routes.
Equip our fleet with mud tyres

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8. Project Administration

The WHS project coordinator will report to the FieldCo and the LogCo in a monthly basis,
which results and progress will be shared with HQ, the TELOCO and Watsan Referent.

Annexes
Annex 1: Review of Medical Records
a. Incidence Rate Analysis (what diseases are problematic?)
DISEASE Shangil Tobaya Tawila Dar Zaghawa TOTAL
Non-bloody diarrhoea 4.037 42% 4.038 21% 4.684 37% 12.759 31%
Bloody diarrhoea 9 0% 168 1% 800 6% 977 2%
Intestinal parasites 111 1% 1.050 6% 292 2% 1.453 4%
Skin disease 2.870 30% 9.260 49% 4.059 32% 16.189 39%
Conjunctivitis 2.699 28% 4.418 23% 2.966 23% 10.083 24%
# WHS related 9.726 38% 18.934 50% 12.801 34% 41.461 41%
# Other consultations 15.670 62% 19.227 50% 24.976 66% 59.873 59%
# Total consultations 25.396 38.161 37.777 101.334

Stacked disease incidence Relative disease incidence

# WHS related # Other consultations # WHS related # Other consultations

45.000 100%
40.000 90%
80%
35.000 19.227
70% 15.670
30.000 24.976
19.227 60%
25.000 24.976
50%
20.000
15.670 40%
15.000 30%
10.000 18.934
18.934 20% 9.726
12.801 12.801
5.000 9.726 10%
- 0%

Mission WHS Disease distribution Incidence by disease

Conjunctivit Conjunctivitis
is Non-bloody
24% diarrhoea Skin disease
31%
Intestinal parasites

Bloody Bloody diarrhoea

diarrhoea
2% Non-bloody diarrhoea
Intestinal
parasites - 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000
Skin disease
39% 4%
Shangil Tobaya Tawila Dar Zaghawa

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Observing the previous results: All the three projects report a high incidence of WHS diseases:
Tawila (50%), Shanguil (38%) and Dar Zaghawa (34%), which is too high according to the
MTL, as they overpass last years’ national endemic levels. So after discussion with CMT, MSF
wants to investigate further and will prioritize Tawila project. Likewise, the main diseases
MSF wants to focus on are: Skin Disease, Non-bloody diarrhea and Conjunctivitis.

b. Seasonality Analysis (when do they happen?)

I.1B - SEASONALITY OF WATSAN RELATED DISEASES

Mission: SUDAN Project: TAWILA
SKIN CONJUNC NB. RAINFALL
MONTH RAINFALL (mm/month)
DISEASE TIVITIS DIARRHOEA (mm/month)
January 1.157 506 200 100
400
February 780 430 250 110
350
March 800 200 280 130
300 300
April 380 100 289 300
May 240 220 299 350
June 150 152 330 400 200

July 120 20 530 300

130
August 156 490 780 200 100 110 100
60 70
September 540 500 680 100 50
October 1.450 600 560 50
November 1.985 700 329 60
December 1.502 500 241 70
TOTAL 9.260 4.418 4.038 2.170

CONJUNCTIVITIS NB. DIARRHOEA SKIN DISEASE

700 780
1.985
600 680

506 490 500 500 560

530 1.450 1.502
430
1.157
330 329
280 289 299 780 800
200 220 250 241
200 540
152
100 380
240
150 120 156
20

Observing the charts above, July – August – September are the months where Diarrhea cases
are higher, matching the rainy season. Likewise, lack of water during the dry season by the
end of the year causes the surge of water-washed diseases. Those peaks have a short lifespan
(1-2 months).

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c. Distribution Analysis (where do they happen?)

I.1C - DISTRIBUTION OF WATSAN RELATED DISEASES

Mission: North Sudan Project: Tawila

SITE/LOCATION SKIN DISEASE CONJUNCTIVITIS DIARRHEA

HOSPITALS
Tawila hospital 5.430 2.780 1.690
Aumgo Hospital 2.902 1.200 1.390
HEALTH CENTERS/POSTS
HC Kalunga 590 234 540
HC Tamugo 258 78 304
HP Kiliti 50 56 58
HP Tabunda 30 70 56
TOTAL 9.260 4.418 4.038

SKIN DISEASE SKIN DISEASE CONJUNCTIVITIS DIARRHEA

CONJUNCTIVITIS
DIARRHEA
HP Tabunda 307056
1.690

2.780 HP Kiliti 505658

1.390
1.200 HC Tamugo 258 78 304
5.430
2.902
HC Kalunga 590 234 540
Tawila hospital Aumgo Hospital

Compared to Aumgo hospital, Tawila Hospital has the largest incidence of WHS-related
diseases. As per health structures, there seems to be a hotspot in HC of Kalunga, and perhaps
in HC Tamugo. Those would be then the priority for intervention at community level in the
first phase. However, as Tamugo HC is in the no-go area, we should put in on hold for now.

Conclusion (Do results trigger an alert?)

Clearly the data presented above shows a very high incidence of WHS –related
diseases in Tawila area, especially people coming to Tawila Hospital and Kalunga
HCenter. Communities in the surroundings of those health structures shall be
assessed, keeping in mind the periods of higher incidence of WHS related diseases
(from august to December).

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Annex 2. Community Environment Assessment Report

INITIAL ASSESSMENT RESULTS

A. Desk based lit review:

Darfur mission has three projects, but we have decided to focus on the intervention in Tawila,
as the medical data review revealed the high incidence of diarrhoea among the population
visiting the hospital, specially coming from Tawila town. The Country Policy Paper states the
population figures at 25.000, 25% below 5 years old, which also are the most affected group
according to medical data. Reports tell us that although the intervention conducted in Tawila
supported the war-affected hospital, nothing has been done at community level. These reports
highlights that there are two other NGOs working in the area, CARE and OXFAM, but highlight
that their main components seems to be malnutrition.

Climate reports prevent us that the rainy season is quite intense, starting in July till December.
Many parts of the village get flooded at the season peak. Dry season follows it, with
temperatures rising to 40ºC during 3 months. UNICEF mentions the drought that once
happened 3 years ago, by which they had to intervene with NFI distribution and some Watsan
activities. A report from OXFAM explained that the mining company has been dumping their
wastes into the river for the last 5 years, thus we can expect it to be quite contaminated by
lead and other chemical by-products. The government in the area receives no support from
the central state, being left without resources nor staff (for both the hospital and the
community). Reports tell that there is a big religious community in Tawila, as well as the UN
mission for peacekeeping, who are not very well regarded here.

B. Key informant interview:

The WHS team has planned to visit the head of the community, the mosque imam and the
director of the school. From the head of village we learned that the lack of rain this year is
affecting the maize harvest, on which 50% of the population relies to survive; he also pointed
out that they requested aid from the government but there is no reply so far. Security
incidents have threatened the safety of the people in the market, as it was assaulted twice this
year.

From the school director, we learned that many kids are not attending school, as they are
forced to go and work in the rice fields. She's concerned that lack of hygiene is having an
impact on children's health; she sees many faeces around the school fields, and reports that
kids have very bad attitudes for what sanitation habits concerns. They had built new latrines
last year, but no one seems to be using them. She told us about the mothers group that is in
charge of the community water supply. (After we made an appointment to see them)

The imam received us with a big smile, and told us how loyal the community is, and how much
he's paid attention to in the Friday’s prayer. He also talks to the radio frequently, and knowing
the issues on water scarcity and hygiene issues thinks something must be done, especially in
education. He's keen to collaborate with us.

The last-minute scheduled meeting with the mothers ‘group reported key information on the
water supply problems. They acknowledged that the water committee was formed 3 years

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ago by UNICEF, who came to install 3 water pumps, but they missed any spare parts, thus the
pumps are breaking down, and the group faces problems to collect funds to fix them, plus
there is no expert in the community that knows how to do it. They report having dropped the
hygiene promotion activities they were taught, because they are very busy with their own
families and the school. However, they are aware of the high numbers of diarrhoea cases in
the community children, and would like someone to do something to help them on that
matter, which takes many lives every month.

C. Health Walk:

We took off early morning at 7.00 and visited the water source first, where we observed long
queues to fetch water from the only working pump in the community; some fights erupted
because of that, and we were told it's common practice there, to fight for water. However, only
children and few women were seen around the water source. They commented that around
9am the well runs dry, and they have to wait two hours till water comes back.

We continued walking to the market, were meat and fish is sold in a disgusting way (I'm
becoming vegetarian after that), as they were full of flies and cockroaches. Waste piles up in
the corner of the market, were rats, pigs and dogs fight for food. There was no toilet around,
and when asked, they directed me towards an alleyway that smelled like shit, but where other
5 people were busy too. Moving out the market we walked nearby the river, which at this
season of the year was dry, but still we saw few women taking water from a hand-made hole
in the river bed. Such water was very turbid and smelly; but they argued that the community
well lies too far from their houses to walk every day.

On our way back we visited the church and the municipality to conduct the key informant
interviews. Lastly at night, we hit the main tavern, were only man gathered around, but we
also obtained key information on the issue of food provision, as two merchants from the
capital were there for business, and reported that the private sector in Tawila, supported by
World Bank, is planning a massive seed distribution to Tawila town, and this may benefit next
years' harvest, if water is not a problem.

D. Community mapping:

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The map shows the main routes of access to Tawila, the graveyard at the outskirts of the town,
the main administrative buildings, as well as the wells and boreholes used by the population
at present. The two main rivers where people goes to bath and wash the clothes are markes in
blue. The distribution of houses along the routes is marked in blue colour. The main
agricultural field is contoured in green, which lays on the eastern part of the town, with two
main water points nearby.
E. Spot-check observation:

The results of the spot-check observation in Tawila have shown that the two main water
sources, those nearby the agricultural field, are highly contaminated with chemicals from
intensive agricultural practices. Most people take water from those sources but they seem not
concerned about the quality, as no one has explained them the risks. The two water pumps
seem to be in bad condition, as they have never been maintained. The aprons are not
protected and there seems to be animals all around since there is no fence.

Likewise, the public sanitation facilities available are located in the market area, but they are
in a disgusting hygienic state. No one is in charge of its cleaning and maintenance, and rats
camp all over the place, the odour is disgusting and thus very few people uses them.
Households do not have private latrines at home, and most do practice open defecation as
there is a lot of free space between and behind houses.

IN-DEPTH ASSESSMENT RESULTS

A. Key informant interviews:

After the briefing meetings with the 3 key people in town, we decided to interview a bit more
formally the head of the school, as he seemed to be more aware of the health problems and
the WHS situation in Tawila. He explained that the school is not well taken care of, that most
days the water supply is not ensured and kids must walk to the town’s main borehole to fetch
some water. He told us that the peace missionaries had built 3 blocks of latrines in the school
10 years ago, but since then, no one came to maintain them, and 2 of them had collapsed or
been filled. Having only 1 block of 6 latrines in the school for 300 children is not enough, plus
the hygiene conditions are very difficult to maintain and children, especially female, prefer not
to use them during school hours.

He complains that there is very little interest from the municipality to maintain the school
facilities in good conditions. He said the school board would appreciate very much to receive
some aid from MSF, and they expressed their willingness to collaborate in the rehabilitation of
the toilets, or fixing the water reservoirs, but they lack funds and skills.

Finally he expressed his concerns on the hygienic habits of the children, and although he
wants to help them change them, he does not know how to integrate a hygiene and health
promotion program in the education program. He asked if MSF could also support on that
matter, in terms of training and providing teaching materials and tools.

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B. KAP survey:

Some of the more interesting answers to the survey have been reflected below:

1. 70% of people interviewed had to pay for water, and

68% of them cannot afford its cost.

2. Also security was an issue, for which 56% of women don’t feel safe going to the water
point, as it’s too far away and when it gets dark they
have been assaulted by armed militia.

3. It’s interesting to see that most households use 20L jerry cans to fetch water,
supposedly which have been received after a NFI distribution from MSF. This indicates
that

4. Up to 46% of the households use the water containers for storing oil when they are
empty. This indicates the lack of other recipients, and potential contamination of water
jerry cans.

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5. Out of the 22% of households that do treat the water before drinking, 36% of them no
not know other methods than natural sedimenation.

Other conclusions can be drawn but will not be reflected in this example.

C. Participatory methods: After the long discussion day, we all came up to the conclusion
that the main problems affecting the community are the following:
 People consume contaminated water
 Children often have diarrhoea
 There are food shortages
 People defecate in the surroundings
 Drugs are very expensive
 There are problems of malnutrition
 Some water points dry up during the dry season
 There is garbage everywhere
 Many people are sick
 There are armed groups in the area
 Child mortalities are high
 Teachers are unmotivated
 Many people must walk a long way to the river to fetch water
 Children do not wash their hands before eating
 Health staff are often absent from the health posts
 Health posts are far and often closed
 Water is stored in dirty and open containers

Conclusion:
The main conclusion of the assessment is that the situation is really bad in terms of water supply
in Tawila town, with just 2 water points which are contaminated. Also hygiene practices are very
rare among the community, as there have been no hygiene and health promotion activities in the
past. If attitudes would improve, perhaps the environmental situation would improve, but for that
it is mandatory the involvement of the population, and so far there are no groups that care for
proper water resource management, nor environmental sanitation.

There is definitely ground for WHS intervention in Tawila; moreover, we consider that any WHS
intervention would have a large impact on population’s health, which will positively affects MSF’s
medical intervention.

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 Community WATSAN Project Proposal

Annex 3: Watsan Project Planning

3.1 - Logical Framework Matrix

III.2A - LOGICAL FRAMEWORK MATRIX Date: 12/04/2031

TITLE OF THE ACTION Community Watsan intervention in Tawila project, North Sudan

GENERAL OBJECTIVE Incidence of WHS related diseases is reduced in the target community

By the end of 2014:

Reduction of 5% of Non-bloody Diarrea indicence
Indicators of Success
Reduction of 10% of Scabies incidence
Reduction of 15% of conjunctivities
EXPECTED OUTCOMES Indicators of Success
EO1: Communities from 15 liters of clean water per person per day
target areas has access to 0 fecal coliform/100 ml at all consumption points
clean water 0.4 mg/l of free residual chlorine in supplied water
1 latrine available per family
EO2: Environment in target
Each family has and uses a refuse pit
areas is more safe and clean
One community refuse bin per 10 families
EO3: Hygiene behavior All the teachers are trained and they include hygiene promotion in their
among target Community is Communities improve their awareness regarding hygiene
improved 80% of People use hand-washing facilities and showers
ACTIVITIES RESOURCES NEEDED ASSUMPTIONS
0. Preparation work 1 Watsan coordinator The community agrees to
0.1) Creation of WHS project team 1 Watsan assisstant participate and create the
0.2) Creation and coordination of WHS committee 1 translator WHS committee
1. To reach EO1: 1 plant technician No sabotage of the water
1.1)     Construction of 15 water points 1 mason facilities.
1.2)     Water treatment & water quality monitoring 1 plumber Committee agrees to
20 daily workers maintain water points.
Water sources do not dry up
2. To reach EO2: 5 daily workers Families accept latrinization
2.1)     Construction of 300 household latrines 2 masons program and cooperate to
2.2)     Refuse collection & management 10 waste collectors build their own.
2 waste site manager Waste dumpsite is found
3. To reach EO3: Public spaces are accessible
3.1)     Hygiene promotion to target communities 1 IEC coordinator to install showers.
3.2)     Construction of 100 showers and 100 hand- Radio accepts to include
washing facilities Hygiene messages

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 Community WATSAN Project Proposal

3.2 - Activity schedule / work plan

MONTH MONTH MONTH MONTH MONTH MONTH MONTH MONTH MONTH MONTH
ACTIVITY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PREPARATION WORK
Activity 0.1: Formation of WHS team
0.1.1 Selection and recruitment of staff
0.1.2 Training WHS staff
0.1.3 Planning and distribution of responsibilities
Activity 0.2: Creation and coordination of WHS committee
0.2.1 Meetings with community representatives
0.2.2 Signature of agreements
0.2.3 Planning and distribution of responsibilities
RESULT 1: COMMUNITIES HAVE ACCESS TO CLEAN WATER
Activity 1.1: Construction of 15 water points
1.1.1 Promotion of community participation
1.1.2 Water point construction
1.1.3 Installation of pumping devices
Activity 1.2: Water treatment & quality monitoring
1.2.1 Evaluation of water quality
1.2.2 Installation of water treatment system
1.2.3 Training of operators
1.2.4 Water quality monitoring
1.2.5 Follow up of water treatment operation
RESULT 2: ENVIRONMENT IS MORE SAFE AND CLEAN
Activity 2.1: Construction of 300 household latrines
2.1.1 Promotion of community participation
2.1.2 Latrine planning & slab construction
2.1.3 Slab donation and household training
2.1.4 Follow-up of O&M
Activity 2.2: Refuse collection & management
2.2.1 Promotion of community participation
2.2.2 Installation of bins and containers
2.2.3 Training of waste managers
2.2.4 Follow up of O&M
RESULT 3: HYGIENE BEHAVIOUR IN COMMUNITIES IMPROVED
Activity 3.1: Hygiene promotion to target communities
3.1.1 Promotion of community participation
3.1.2 Design & implementation of campaign
3.1.3 Monitoring behaviour change
Activity 3.2: Construction of 100 showers and 100 hand-washing facilities
3.2.1 Promotion of community participation
3.2.2 Construction of facilities
3.2.3 Training of maintenance teams
3.2.5 Follow up of O&M

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 Community WATSAN Project Proposal

3.3 - Cost forecast

ACTIVITIES / RESOURCES UNIT QUANTITY COST / UNIT TOTAL COST

Administrative costs
Salaries of FTE
Team leader month 12 800 € 9.600 €
Watsan assistant month 12 500 € 6.000 €
Training expenditures (10 days)
Transportation unit 10 30 € 300 €
Catering unit 10 50 € 500 €
Other costs
Offi ce rental months 12 300 € 3.600 €
SUBTOTAL 20.000 €
Activity 1.1: Construction of 15 water points
Equipment
Well tripod unit 2 400 € 800 €
Ring moulds unit 4 400 € 1.600 €
Handpumps unit 10 700 € 7.000 €
Materials
Cement 20 kg 200 25 € 5.000 €
Reinforcing bars 12 m 1200 3€ 3.600 €
Salaries & allowances
Masons month 16 300 € 4.800 €
Pump installer month 1 300 € 300 €
Labourers month 20 200 € 4.000 €
Transport
Car rental month 4 300 € 1.200 €
Other costs
Maintenance of motopumps unit 2 200 € 400 €
SUBTOTAL 28.700 €
Activity 1.2: Water treatment & quality monitoring
Equipment
Quality testing portable lab unit 2 1.000 € 2.000 €
Pooltesters unit 10 50 € 500 €
Water treatment plant unit 1 5.000 € 5.000 €
Materials
Spare parts (kit) unit 5 150 € 750 €
Reagents kg 10 54 € 540 €
Chlorine products (HTH, NaDCC) 500 gr unit 100 10 € 1.000 €
Salaries & allowances
Plant technician (1*2 weeks) month 0,5 600 € 300 €
Labourers (1*2 weeks) month 0,5 200 € 100 €
Transport
Truck rental trip 1 100 € 100 €
Other costs
Maintenance of plant unit 2 1.000 € 2.000 €
SUBTOTAL 12.290 €

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 Community WATSAN Project Proposal

Activity 2.1: Construction of 300 household latrines

Equipment
Mould unit 50 15 € 750 €
Concrete mixer unit 1 450 € 450 €
Materials
Concrete bag 100 17 € 1.700 €
Sand and gravel kg 5000 1€ 2.500 €
Salaries & allowances
Masons month 2 300 € 600 €
Labourers month 5 200 € 1.000 €
Transport
Truck rental month 1 300 € 300 €
Other costs
Emptying latrines times 100 16 € 1.600 €
SUBTOTAL 8.900 €
Activity 2.2: Refuse collection & management
Equipment
Garbage trolleys for push bikes unit 10 300 € 3.000 €
Push bikes unit 10 200 € 2.000 €
Large containers 2m3 unit 15 450 € 6.750 €
Small containers 200 L unit 60 15 € 900 €
Fencing materials
Materials
Spare parts (repair kit) unit 50 10 € 500 €
Salaries & allowances
Incentive Waste collectors (10 people) month 4 50 € 200 €
Incentive Waste plant workers (2 people) month 4 50 € 200 €
Transport
Truck rental month 1 300 € 300 €
SUBTOTAL 13.850 €
Activity 3.1: Hygiene promotion to target communities
Equipment
Megaphones unit 5 15 € 75 €
Projector TV unit 1 200 € 200 €
Sound system unit 2 300 € 600 €
Materials
Printing materials unit 1000 2€ 2.000 €
Offi ce materials 1.000 €
Salaries & allowances
IEC team (5 people * 5 months ) month 25 300 € 7.500 €
Transport
Truck rental month 1 300 € 300 €
SUBTOTAL 11.675 €
Activity 3.2: Construction of 100 showers and 100 hand-washing facilities
Equipment
Welding machine unit - €
Materials
Superstructure shower unit 100 10 € 1.000 €
Stand sink unit 100 15 € 1.500 €
Sink bowl unit 100 15 € 1.500 €
Piping & accessories 6.000 €
Salaries & allowances
1 metal worker month 1 400 € 400 €
1 plumber month 1 400 € 400 €
IEC coordinator month 12 500 € 6.000 €
IEC team (5 people * 5 months ) month 25 300 € 7.500 €
Transport
Truck rental month 1 300 € 300 €
SUBTOTAL 24.600 €

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