PHILIPPINE TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF

SCIENCE ARTS AND TRADE, INC.

Tanay, Rizal

LEARNER’S MODULE
SECOND EDITION

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND

PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

MODULE 1
DIFFERENTIATE LANGUAGE USED IN ACADEMIC TEXTS
FROM VARIOUS DISCIPLINES

QUARTER 1 (WEEK 1)
1ST SEMESTER SY: 2021-2022
LESSON OUTCOMES 2. TEXT B
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
a. Differentiate language used in academic texts from various
discipline.
PRE-ACTIVITY
Instructions: Read carefully, analyze, and determine the register of
language used in the following text. Choose from the options inside the
box. (Use separate sheet of paper if needed)

1.TEXT A

3. TEXT C

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4. TEXT D
VOCABULARY LIST
Let us enrich your vocabulary with these terms that you will
encounter throughout the lesson.
▪ Academic Language – Academic language includes language used in
textbooks, in classrooms, on tests, and in each discipline. It is different
in vocabulary and structure from the everyday spoken English of social
interactions. Each type of communication (both academic and social)
has its purpose, and neither is superior to the other.
▪ Linguistic register - are certain registers of language (types of
language use) peculiar to specific professions such as medical science,
engineering, and business.
▪ Medical language - is used to describe components and processes of
the human body, medical procedures, diseases, disorders, and
pharmacology. Simply put, it is the vocabulary that medical
professionals use to describe the body, what it does, and the treatments
they prescribe.
▪ Legal language -means a language used by the persons connected to
5. TEXT E the legal profession. The language used by the lawyer, jurist, and the
legislative drafts man in their professional capacities. Law being a
technical subject speaks through its own register.
▪ Journalistic language - This type of language helps understand how
journalists create their stories or reports, shape points of view, deliver
expected news and how media language is different from other
languages we encounter.
▪ Literary language - register of a language that is used in literary
writing.
▪ Jargon -special words or expressions that are used by a particular
profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.
▪ Legal indictment - An indictment is a formal accusation of a felony,
issued by a grand jury based upon a proposed charge, witnesses'
testimony and other evidence presented by the public prosecutor
(District Attorney). It is the grand jury's determination that there is
enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify
having a trial voted by a grand jury. In order to issue an indictment, the
grand jury doesn't make a determination of guilt, but only the
probability that a crime was committed, that the accused person did it

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and that he/she should be tried. District Attorneys do not present a full
case to the grand jury, but often only introduce key facts sufficient to
show the probability that the accused committed a crime.
▪ Sob Story - a sentimental story
▪ Autopsy – (post-mortem examination, obduction, necropsy, or
autopsia cadaverum) is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough
examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause, mode,
and manner of death or to evaluate any disease or injury that may be
present for research or educational purposes.
▪ MIMS - The Monthly Index of Medical Specialties or MIMS is a
pharmaceutical prescribing reference guide published in the United
Kingdom since 1959 by Haymarket Media Group.
INTRODUCTION
Hi! I am going to guide you in your learning journey to this first
part of your modules in English for Academic and Professional
Purposes (EAPP). This module includes reading articles which vary in
subject matter, length, and style of writing to give you a wide range of
reading exposure. The reading materials thus provide exciting learning
opportunities. The activities included will develop and enhance your
learning competencies as a student which will encourage you to apply
new learnings to practical situations independently. Read on and enjoy
doing the activities prepared for you
MAIN LESSON
ACADEMIC TEXT
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Academic text is typically used for textbooks, tests, in
classrooms, and any other discipline related to the field of academics. It
is very different from the structure of vocabulary and structure from
everyday conversations through social interactions. Academic text is a
formal way to present words and terms typical for the field.
Content and Style of Academic Texts
⮚ Include concepts and theories related to the specific discipline
⮚ Have clearly structured introduction, body, and conclusion.
⮚ Include information from credible sources that are properly cited.
⮚ Include concepts and theories that are related to the specific
discipline they explore.
⮚ Usually exhibit all properties of a well-written text --- organization,
unity, coherence, and strict adherence to the rules of language and
mechanics.
The specific ideas in various academic texts are dependent on
the field of academic text one is reading in. For example, Humanities
texts discuss more about the various human expressions, such as art and
languages, while the sciences contain the scientific method that
discusses the objective result of an experiment or the specific research
methodology. The specific ideas in various academic text can be
understood after skimming and closely reading the text.
PHILTECH- TANAY

What is the easiest reading assignment you have done so far?
How about the most difficult one? What do you think made the reading
assignment difficult or easy?
Read information about the medicine called aspirin. Did you
find the information useful? Did you encounter difficulties in
understanding the information? Who do you think is the intended
reader of this write-up about aspirin?
When you access information, you should pay attention on how
ideas are arranged in the text. There are instances when complex
information can be better understood if the ideas are presented in an
organized manner which is one of the characteristics of an academic
text.
Look how every piece of information about this medicine is
conveyed in the above entry taken from MIMS, 107th Edition 2006
Philippine Index of Medical Specialties.
The clustering of ideas under specific headings can facilitate
understanding of texts.
I know you find it difficult to understand some information
because of the language used.
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There are certain registers of language (types of Language use)
peculiar to specific professions such as medical science, engineering,
and business. These types of language use may be unintelligible to
people not belonging to the same profession. Such language use is also
referred to as jargon.
In the case of aspirin, its common use as a drug to relieve pain
and reduce fever has gained popular knowledge. The explanation given
in the MIMS entry, however, contains jargon and codes that are not
familiar to the lay reader. It is, therefore, important to grasp the coding
system. What do the initials stand for?
MIMS explains that C stands for “Contents.” Therefore, aspirin
is acetyl salicylic acid. D is for “Dosage,” which is 1 tablet daily. "I"
stands for “Indications” or what the medicine is recommended for, that
is, it prevents certain health threatening conditions. The list that follows
again consists of jargon in the medical sciences. CI stands for “contra
indications.” When these conditions are present in the patient, the
medicine should not be administered. SP stands for “Special
Precautions,” when extra care should be taken when the medicine is
prescribed. AR stands for “Adverse Reactions” or bad or unfavorable
effects or reactions to the medicine. DI stands for “Drug Interactions.”
This means aspirin interacts with any of the items included in the list.
P/P, or Presentation and Packing, shows how the medicine is sold or its
available packaging
Now that you already have an idea on how to access
information in a text and how academic language plays an important
role in the learning process, let us have an additional discussion about
the register of language before you proceed to doing a series of
activities.
What is Linguistic Register?
✔The concept of the linguistic register has been described by Trudgill
(1983:101) as follows:
● Linguistic varieties that are linked to occupations, professions, or
topics have been termed registers. The register of law, for example, is
different from the register of medicine, which in turn is different from
the language of engineering---and so on. Registers are usually
characterized solely by vocabulary differences.
PHILTECH- TANAY
● Registers are simply a rather special case of a kind of language being
produced by the social situation.
✔ According to Harold Schiffman (1997) it is a set of specialized
vocabulary and preferred (or dispreferred) syntactic and rhetorical
devices/structures, used by specific socio- professional groups for
special purposes. A register is a property or characteristic of a language,
and not of an individual or a class of speakers.
Stylistic Variation: Degrees of Formality in Language Usage
1. Registers are marked by a variety of specialized vocabulary and turns
of phrases, colloquialisms, and the use of jargon.
2. A register can be considered a unique way a speaker uses language in
different circumstances.
3. Registers encompass all the ways in which humans communicate to
one another in specific parameters.
Some of the Language Registers are as follows:
● Language of medicine/medical science (medical terminologies)
● Law (legal language
● Journalism (journalistic language)
● Literature (literary language)
These language registers as these varieties of English in the
different fields of learning are called, are distinctly shown in the
following tasks that you are going to do.
EVALUATION
A.Instructions: Read carefully, analyze, and determine the register of
language used in the following text. Choose from the options inside the
box. (Use separate sheet of paper if needed)
1.(From the Philippine Constitution)
LANGUAGE
Section 6. The national language of the Philippines is Filipino. As it
evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of
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existing Philippine and other languages. Subject to provisions of law
and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take
steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official
communication and as language of instruction in the educational
system.
Section 7. For purposes of communication and instruction, the official
languages of the Philippines are Filipino and, until otherwise provided
by law, English. The regional languages are the auxiliary official
languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of
instruction therein. Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a
voluntary and optional basis.
Section 8. This Constitution shall be promulgated in Filipino and
English and shall be translated into major regional languages, Arabic,
and Spanish.
2. Duterte’s SONA: A mix of attack, warning, plea, wish list, promises
MANILA, Philippines—As the country continued to grapple
with the COVID-19 pandemic, President Rodrigo Duterte delivered on
Monday afternoon (July 27) his penultimate State of the Nation
Address (SONA).
Unlike his late arrival for last year’s SONA, Duterte’s
helicopter landed on time at the Batasang Pambansa complex in
Quezon City with some members of Congress and the Cabinet waiting
inside the plenary hall.
READ: On time: Duterte arrives at Batasan for penultimate
Sona
Duterte stood at the rostrum—at his back were Senate President
Vicente Sotto III and House Speaker Alan Peter Cayetano—as he
delivered his speech that lasted for more than an hour and 30 minutes.
In the second to the last of his SONA, Duterte touched on the
pandemic the country is facing, endorsed the passage of several priority
bills, laid out government achievements, while from timeto-time
slamming his critics—most notably Senate Minority Leader Franklin
Drilon.
Duterte likewise addressed various controversial issues such as
the revival of the death penalty and the West Philippine Sea.
PHILTECH- TANAY
3. SARS virus
SARS virus is an infectious agent belonging to the virus family
Coronaviridae, which causes severe respiratory illnesses in humans and
animals. SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) coronavirus (CoV)
is a novel member of this family that causes acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS), which is associated with high mortality rates.
4. In a criminal trial, the prosecuting attorney presents evidence
and witness testimony to try to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that
the defendant committed the crime. The defendant’s attorney may
present evidence and witnesses to show that the defendant did not
commit the crime or to create a reasonable doubt as to the defendant’s
guilt. The defendant is considered innocent of the crime charged until
proven guilty.
When the prosecution has finished questioning a witness, the
defense is allowed to crossexamine the witness on any relevant matter.
After cross-examination, the attorney who first called the witness may
ask the witness more questions to clarify something touched on in the
crossexamination. This is redirect examination. The judge may allow an
opportunity for the opposing attorney to re-cross examine. When the
prosecution has called all the witnesses for its side of the case and
presented all its evidence, it rests its case.
5. Simplified curriculum, guidelines for distance learning now
available online - DepEd
The Department of Education (DepEd) on Monday said it has
made the adjusted version of K to 12 curriculum and guidelines for
distance learning available online.
In a statement, the DepEd said the K to 12 Most Essential
Learning Competencies (MELCs) and its guidelines can now be
downloaded for free on DepEd Commons.
“We have made the MELCs available for free download at
DepEd Commons to help our teachers focus on what is most essential
given the challenge in learning delivery this school year,” DepEd
Undersecretary Alain Pascua said.
“We are trying to make everything as accessible as we can,
through DepEd Commons and our other available channels. It is upon
us to make sure our teachers and learners have everything they need in
order to continue learning.”
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These were prepared by the Bureau of Curriculum Development
(BCD) under Director Jocelyn Andaya and approved by Undersecretary
for Curriculum and Instruction Diosdado San Antonio.
ENRICHMENT
Instructions: The following text in these series of activities
illustrates the use of the English language in different disciplines. Read
carefully and evaluate its content by answering the questions that
follow. (Use separate sheet of paper if needed)
ACTIVITY NO.1
Reading Text
(“FROM THE AUTOPSY SURGEONS REPORT - Google Search,” n.d.)
From the Autopsy Surgeon’s Report
Death occurred from the effects of asphyxia, cerebral anemia,
and shock. The victim’s hair was used for the constriction ligature.
Local marks of the ligature were readily discernible: there were some
abrasion and a slight ecchymosis in the skin. But I found no obvious
lesion in the blood vessels of the neck.
Cyanosis of the head was very slight and there were no
pronounced hemorrhages in the galea of the scalp. I should judge that
very great compression was effected almost immediately, with
compression of the arteries as well as of the vein, and that the superior
laryngeal nerve was traumatized in the effect of throwing the victim
into profound shock… The lungs revealed cyanosis, congestion, over
aeration, and sub pleural petechial hemorrhages.
PHILTECH- TANAY
QUESTIONS
1. Did you encounter difficulties in understanding the text? Why?
2. List down words that you found difficult to understand and look for
its definition in the dictionary.
3. How was the report structured?
4. What did you learn from each sentence in the report? Begin with a
simple grid like the one below:
5. State briefly the content of the autopsy surgeon’s report.
State of ----
--- Country
TWENTY-FIRST JUDICIAL
DISTRICT COURT
THE GRAND JURORS of the State of --- duly impanelled and sworn,
in and for --- County in the name and by the authority of the said State
upon their oath, find and present:
That one John Doe late of --- County, on the 223rd day of
January in the year of our Lord One Thousand Nine Hundred and
Twenty-Four, with force and arms, in -- - County, aforesaid and within
jurisdiction of the Twenty First Judicial District Court of ---, for the ---
County, did unlawfully, feloniously, with malice aforethought kill and
slay one Porphyria Blank by strangulation.
Contrary to the form and the Statutes of the State of ---, in such cases
made and provided and against the peace and dignity of the same.
…………………………………………………..
District Attorney for the 21st
Judicial District of ---

QUESTIONS
1. Did you encounter difficulties in understanding the text? Why?
2. List down words that you found difficult to understand and look for
its definition in the dictionary.
3. Discuss the text focusing on the type of language that is used in the
ACITIVITY NO.2 selection. Is this language commonly used in ordinary communication?
Reading Text 4. In plain language that can be understood by an ordinary reader, share
(“legal indictment - Google Search,” n.d.) the findings of the Great Jurors.
5. What does the last paragraph of the District Attorney’s statement
means?

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ACTIVITY NO.3
Reading Text QUESTIONS
1. Get a copy of any broadsheet/newspaper and read an article
from it. Compare this text with the article “The local girl found slain by
rejected lover.”
2. What kind of information did you get from the text? Did you
notice any similarity/difference between the two?
3. Pay attention to the words and sentences used in the news
article. Are the words and sentences difficult to understand? Why?
4. Who is narrating the event?
5. How was the event narrated?

Local Girl Found Slain by Rejected Lover

(Newspaper Account)
Ms. Porphyria Blank, 21, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. R. J. Blank,
of Barton Park, was found strangled this morning in the cottage owned
by John Doe, 25, who was apprehended on the scene of the crime by
officers Bailey and Hodge. Doe was found holding the body in his
arms, and appeared to be in stupor, his only reply to repeated
questioning being, “I killed her because I loved her.” According to the
members of the Blank family, Doe had paid attention to Miss Blank for
the last several months, though it was strenuously denied that his
regards for Miss Blank was returned. Miss Blank’s engagement with
Mr. Roger Weston was announced last month. Mr. Weston could not be
reached for a statement. Mrs. Blank was prostrated by the news of her
daughter’s death. The slain girl vanished last evening at approximately
eleven o’clock from a dinner party given at her parent’s home in honor
of the approaching wedding. The family became alarmed when it was
discovered that she was not in her room and instituted a search for her
about midnight. The police, who were promptly notified, in the course
of their search knocked at Mr. Doe’s cottage, a building some quarter
of a mile from the Blank estate, at five in the morning. Receiving no
answer, they forced the door and discovered Doe sitting with the dead
girl in his lap. She had apparently been strangled, Dr. A. P. Reynolds,
Autopsy Surgeon for the county, state that, from the condition of the
body, death must have occurred at about midnight.

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 LEARNER’S ANSWER SHEET
NAME: _______________________________ QUARTER: 1 WEEK: 1

SUBJECT: EAPP SECTION: ___________________________________

TEACHER CODE: RWOP

PRE-ACTIVITY EVALUATION/ASSESSMENT

ENRICHMENT

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