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Mathematics: Quarter 3 - Module 2 Axiomatic Structure
Mathematics: Quarter 3 - Module 2 Axiomatic Structure
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Mathematics 11
Quarter 3 - Module 2
Axiomatic Structure
Government Property
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Mathematics — Grade 8
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Quarter 3 — Module 2: Axiomatic Structure
First Edition, 2020
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Lesson 1:
Undefined Terms ………………………………………………………... 1
What I Need to Know ………………………………………………………………….. 1
What’s New
Activity 1: Objects for Undefined Terms ..……………………………………1
What Is It
Undefined Terms of Geometry ….…………………………………………… 2
What’s More
Activity 2: Word Puzzle..………………………………………………….…… 2
What’s New
Activity 3: Yes or No? .…………………………………………………………3
What Is It
Basic Definitions Using the Undefined Terms ……………………………………….4
What’s More
Activity 4: Draw Me ……………………………………………………………..4
What I Have Learned
Activity 5: 3-2-1 CHART ………………………………………………………..5
What I Can Do
Activity 6: Floor Plan Making …………………………………………………..5
Lesson 2:
Postulates Involving Points, Lines, Planes ………………………… 6
What’s In …………………………………………………………………………………..6
What I Need to Know …………………………………………………………………….6
What’s New
Activity 1: Jumbled Words …………………………………………………….6
What Is It
Basic Postulates …………………………………………………………….…..7
What’s More
Activity 2: You Try! ………………………………………………………….…..7
What I Have Learned
Activity 3: Tell Me! ………………………………………………………..……..8
What I Can Do
Activity 4: Building My Dream House! ……………………………..…………8
Lesson 3:
Segments, Rays and Angles ………………………………………….. 9
What’s In …………………………………………………………………………………..9
What I Need to Know …………………………………………………………………….9
What’s New
Activity 1: Picture Analysis …………………………………………………… 10
What Is It
Line Segment, Ray and Angle Definition ……………………………………10
What’s More
Activity 2: Draw and Label ……………………………………………………..11
What Is It
Other Concepts …………………………………………………………………11
What’s More
Activity 3: Fill In! …………………………………………………………………12
What I Have Learned
Activity 4: Generalization ……………………………………………………….13
What I Can Do
Activity 5: Objects Around Me! ………………………………………………..13
Summary ……………………………………………………………….. 14
Assessment: Post-Test ……………………………………………… 15
Key to Answers ………………………………………………………...16
References ………………………………………………………………18
What This Module is About
Building a house takes a lot of planning. It needs a strong foundation to avoid a
possible collapse that might harm the occupants. Also, geometric relations involving plane
figures are reflected in the design of the house. This module will introduce the foundations
of Euclidean geometry and will give you an idea how geometric figures play a vital role in
house planning and designing.
.
i
What I Know
A. C.
B. D.
A. ¿⃗ and ⃗
EL are the same rays.
B. Point U is the common endpoint of ⃗UN and ⃗
UE .
C. ⃗¿ and ⃗
EU are opposite rays.
D. You can name the figure as line E.
B. 40 °
C. 1 60°
D. 180 °
https://www.yonkerspublicschools.org/cms/lib/NY01814060/Centricity/Domain/2366/1-Unit%20Points%20Planes%20and%20Lines%20BOOK%20.pdf
10. Why are parking lots like the image below are designed to have parallel and
perpendicular lines?
https://dcplm.com/blog/best-ways-to-keep-your-parking-lot-clean/
The foundations of geometry are the three undefined terms: points, lines,
planes. They are terms or words that do not require further explanation or
description. These terms are used to define or explain more complicated terms or
concepts. This lesson will help you understand more the details and real-life
examples of the undefined terms.
What’s New
Instruction: Check the column of the undefined term modeled by the following
objects. The first two objects serve as examples.
What Is It
1
Undefined Terms of Geometry
Undefined terms are so basic and fundamental that no other terms can define
them. However, they can be described and be given graphical representations.
What’s More
2
Activity 2: Word Puzzle
Direction: Encircle some words or phrases (objects) and identify if it
represents a point, line or plane. Words can be seen horizontally, vertically or
diagonally.
surface of a table
B X A Y S E D G E O F A T I L E
L S E G U O X R C A R N X W A X
A Z C W R W V H I E H Y U E V P
C N H A F U N U X H I F A M I A
K U Z E A X I G M W W L T N V P
B A O X C W R O X Y Z D I R W E
O M O F E L G H L I H R H N I R
A D H X O J E N S A H D X R G C
R I Z E F R O C F E S W I S I E
D H J N A E B X E H K E U L U F
X E K S T F G N H I U P R A N L
Y B E A A X B O L X B R E T S O
A D C Z B F E E L I O V E X O O
V O X U L C A B L E W I R E Y R
E R I M E N I E S U C N C E I U
T I P O F A N E E D L E I M E W
W R W C O R N E R O F A B O X A
X S A E A B L O B A H W E R S T
What’s New
3
Activity 3: Yes or No?
Direction: Check the column for Yes if you agree with the given statement,
otherwise check No. Base your answer on the figure below.
Statement Yes No
Lines r and t are intersecting lines.
1. Points A, E and F are collinear.
2. Points C, F and G are coplanar.
3. Lines r and t are coplanar.
4. Point E is the intersection of lines r and t.
5. Points F and G are collinear.
What Is It
Illustration:
Points A and B, H, I and E are collinear points.
Points J, I and G are noncollinear points.
Points F, D, E and C are coplanar points.
Points C and G are noncoplanar points.
´ and BH
4The intersection of GH ´ is point H.
´ is the intersection of plane ABG and plane
AB
ABC.
Points G and J are coplanar but noncollinear.
What’s More
Activity 4: Draw Me
Statement Illustration
´ and point C on AB
1. AB ´ .
What Can I Do
Direction: Create the floor plan of your dream house. Base your output from
the given rubric below. Draw it in a long bond paper.
5
Sample Floor Plan
https://www.roomsketcher.com/features/2d-floor-plans/
6
2
What’s In
What’s New
Direction: The letters of the words below are jumbled. Figure out what the
word is and write it on the space provided.
1. PITON_________
2. INEL___________
3. LEPNA_________
Questions:
1. What can be viewed as something having specific position but without
dimension? magnitude or direction?
2. What is a one-dimensional figure composed of infinite number of points?
3. What is usually represented by a flat surface where infinite number of lines
can lie?
7
What Is It
Basic Postulates
Postulate Illustration
Straight-Line Postulate
Two points are contained in exactly one line.
Points-Existence Postulate
Every line contains at least two distinct points.
Flat plane Postulate
Two points are in a plane, then the line
containing the points is in the same plane.
Plane Postulate
Three noncollinear points are contained in
exactly one plane.
Line- Intersection Postulate
Two lines intersect, then their intersection is a
point.
Plane Intersection Postulate
Two planes intersect, then their intersection is
a line.
(Images taken from the Daily Lesson Plan from Lanao Del Norte)
What’s More
8
Direction: Use the accompanying figure to name the postulate that explains
each statement. The first item will serve as an illustrative example.
´ .
1. Points A and D are in AD
Answer: Straight-Line Postulate
2. Plane P has three points C, D and E.
´ is in plane P.
3. Points B and C are in plane P, so BC
´ has points B and E.
4. BE
´ and BC
5. The intersection of lines AD ´ is point B.
9
3
What’s In
Ruler Postulate
The points in a line can be matched one-to-one with real numbers in
such a way that:
i. to every point in the line, there corresponds exactly one number called its
coordinate;
ii. to every real number, there corresponds exactly one point in the line; and
iii. the distance between two points is equal the absolute value of the difference
of their coordinates.
Illustrative Examples:
a) The distance between A and C is given by
AC=|−9−(−1)|∨|−1−(−9)|=8 units
10
BF=|−5−6|∨|6−(−5)|=11 units
What’s New
What Is It
11
R
endpoints.
´ or NR
The figure above is RN ´ .
T
A ray starts at one point and continues
S
infinitely in one direction.
ST but it is not ⃗
The figure above is ⃗ TS .
An angle is the figure formed by two rays,
called the sides of the angle, sharing a
common endpoint, called the vertex of
the angle.
The figure is ∠ BAC∨∠CAB or ∠ A .
What’s More
´
1. Line segment SU
TE
2. Ray ⃗
3. ∠ MNL
What Is It
Other Concepts
12
Figure 1 Figure 2
Bisector of Segment ´
In figure 1, Plane P and line l intersects XS
A segment bisector is a line, at its midpoint, Y. Therefore, plane P and
segment, ray or plane that intersects ´ .
line l are bisectors of XS
the segment at its midpoint.
Betweenness of Rays In figure 2, if m∠ CAB=30 ° and
AB, ⃗
If three rays ⃗ AC , and ⃗
AD, m ∠ CA D =30° , so
are coplanar and m ∠CAB+m∠ CAD =m ∠ BAD
m ∠CAB+m∠ CAD = m ∠BAD 30 ° +30 ° =60 °.
AC is between ⃗
then ⃗ AB and ⃗
AD. Hence, ⃗ AC is between ⃗ AB and ⃗AD.
Angle Bisector In figure 2, AC is an angle bisector if and
⃗
An angle bisector is a ray that only if m ∠ CAB ≅ m∠ CAD .
divides an angle into two congruent Suppose, ⃗ AC bisects ∠ BAD and
angles. m ∠ CAB = (3x+2)° and
m∠ CAD= (4x-9) °, then the measure of
∠ BAD is
3x+2 = 4x-9
11= x .
Thus, m ∠CAB = 3x+2 = 3(11)+2 = 35
and
m∠ CAD = 4x- 9 = 4(11) - 9 = 35
.
13
Therefore, m ∠ BAD = 70°.
What’s More
B. Give the missing data in the table below. Given that IF bisects ∠ LIE . Find the measure
⃗
of m and the actual measure of each angle
Summary
14
2. Line – is an arrangement of points that extends infinitely in opposite directions.
You can name a line using ang two points on the line or with a lowercase letter
located at one arrow head of the line.
3. Plane – is a flat surface that extends in all directions. A plane has no edge, but a
four-sided figure represents a plane. You can name a plane using a capital letter
that does not represent any point or three of its points that do not belong to the
same line.
4. Collinear points – points that lie on the same line.
5. Noncollinear points – points that that do not contained on the same line.
6. Coplanar points - points that lie on the same plane.
7. Noncollinear points – points that that do not contained on the same line.
8. Intersection – the set of points that is common to both figures. Intersection could
be a point, a line, or a plane.
9. Space – the set of all points.
10. Straight-Line Postulate: Two points are contained in exactly one line.
11. Points-Existence Postulate: Every line contains at least two distinct points.
12. Flat plane Postulate: Two points are in a plane, then the line containing the
points is in the same plane.
13. Plane Postulate: Three noncollinear points are contained in exactly one plane.
14. Line- Intersection Postulate: Two lines intersect, then their intersection is a point.
15. Plane Intersection Postulate: Two planes intersect, then their intersection is a
line.
16. A line segment is a subset of a line. It has two endpoints.
17. A ray starts at one point and continues infinitely in one direction.
18. An angle is the figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a
common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle.
19. Betweenness of Points /Segment Addition Postulate
If three points A, B and C are collinear and AB + BC = AC, then B is between A
and C.
20. Congruent Segments
Two segments AB ´ and CD ´ are congruent, denoted by AB ´ ≅ CD´ , if and only if
their measures are equal, that is AB = CD.
21. Midpoint of a Segment is a point that divides the segment into two congruent
segments.
22. Bisector of Segment is a line, segment, ray or plane that intersects the segment
at its midpoint.
23. Betweenness of Rays
AB, ⃗
If three rays ⃗ AD, are coplanar and m ∠CAB+m∠ CAD = m ∠BAD
AC , and ⃗
then ⃗
AC is between ⃗
AB and ⃗
AD.
24. Angle Bisector is a ray that divides an angle into two congruent angles.
Assessment: Post-test
Directions: Read and understand each question carefully then select the letter
corresponding to your answer.
1. What is the image shown in the right?
A. point C. line
15
B. plane D. ray
2. Which of the following models a point?
A. cable wire C. edge of a rectangular table
B. star in the sky D. surface of a bond paper
3. Based on the figure below, which statement is FALSE?
8. If ⃗
AC is an angle bisector of ∠ BAD, and m∠CAD=43 °,
what is the measure of ∠ DAB ?
A. 43°
B. 50 °
C. 86 °
D. 180 °
9. What postulate states that “three noncollinear points are contained in exactly one
plane”?
A. Straight line postulate C. Plane Postulate
B. Flat Plane Postulate D. Intersection Postulate
10. It is a statement accepted without proof.
A. sentence B. definition C. postulate D. theorem
Answer Key
LESSON 1
Activity 1
16
3. Plane
4. Point
5. Line
6. Point
7. Plane
Activity 2
POINT LINE PLANE
laser cable wire blackboard
tip of a needle edge of a tile paper
corner of a box surface of a table
ceiling
floor
Activity 3
1. Yes
2. Yes
3. Yes
4. Yes
5. No
Activity 4
1. 2. 3.
Activity 5
Answers may vary.
LESSON 2
Activity 1
1. POINT
2. LINE
3. PLANE
Activity 2
1. Straight Line Postulate
2. Plane Postulate
3. Flat Plane Postulate
4. Points Existence Postulate
5. Line Intersection Postulate
Activity 3
1. Never; Straight Line Postulate states through any two points, there is exactly one
line.
2. Always; Plane Postulate states that through any three non-collinear points, there
is exactly one plane.
17
3. Sometimes; the points must be non-collinear.
LESSON 3
Activity 1
1. House foundation
2. Lines
3. Yes
4. Yes
5. Answer May Vary
Activity 2
1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
Activity 3
A. B.
m ∠LIE m ∠ LIF m ∠FIE
45 22.5 22.5
1. B 148 74 74
2. D 2x + 4 x+2 x+2
3. CF m=5 3m+5 2m+10
4. C
5. 0.5 or ½ 40 20 20
References
Books
Abuzo, E., et.al. 2013. Mathematics Grade 8 Learner’s Module. First Edition
18
Advincula, R. & Gonowon, R. 2013. Global Mathematics 8 (K to 12). The
Library Publishing House, Inc.
Crisostomo, R., et.al. Our World of Math 7. Vibal Publishing House Inc.
Fermalino, S, et.al. 2007. Realistic Math – Scaling Greater Heights 8. Sibs
Publishing House
Oronce, E., et.al. 2013. E-math 8 ( K to 12). First Edition. Rex Book Store
Romero, K. Geometry in the Real World (Explorations and Applications).
Salesiana Publishers Inc. 2003
Lanao Del Norte Daily Lesson Plan
Online
Floor Plan
https://www.roomsketcher.com/features/2d-floor-plans/
Basics of Geometry
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/579f62b0dba6c0405d24cf61/basics-of-
geometry
Points, Lines and Planes Accessed June 28, 2020
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5875b6cac2846dcf2f29087a/points-lines-and-
planes
Learning Module G7, Q3
https://peac.org.ph/download/2018_mathg7q3/
Learning Module G8, Q3
https://peac.org.ph/download/2018_mathg8q3/
Geometry- Points, Lines , Planes, Angles Name
http://www.b-g.k12.ky.us/userfiles/999/Geometry/Unit%201%20Points
%20Lines%20Planes%20and%20Angles/Unit%201%20Review%20for
%20Assessment.pdf
Best ways to keep your parking lot clean. Accessed June 28, 2020
https://dcplm.com/blog/best-ways-to-keep-your-parking-lot-clean/
Units Points, Lines and Planes Book
https://www.yonkerspublicschools.org/cms/lib/NY01814060/Centricity/Domain
/2366/1-Unit%20Points%20Planes%20and%20Lines%20BOOK%20.pdf
iRubric: Floor Plan Project rubric
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=L549X5&sp=yes&
Angle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle#:~:text=In%20plane%20geometry
%2C%20an%20angle,to%20be%20a%20Euclidean%20plane.
19