Name:YulSet

yaUt
ari

Ni
m:2019310423

Cl
ass:Engl
ishEducat
ion19A

Subj
ect
:Sosi
oli
ngui
sti
c

Soci ologyandsoci oli

nguisti
cshav edebat esbet weenpur poseandscope
reflectingar gument saboutnames.JoshuaFi shmanhasbeenconcer ned
aboutusi ngt het erm sociologyofl anguage.Al t
hought hiswor kisv ery
easyt oident if
ywi thtermsi tconsi st
sofst udi esof"macr o"pr oblems
suchassur veywor k,l
anguagepol icyandl anguagepl anning.Thecr oss
bet weensoci ologyandsoci olinguist
icshasbeenseenf urtherin
l
ingui st
icsthani nsoci ol
ogy .Int hemet hodofdat acol lectionusi ng
quant i
tativ
et echniquesorl esscommonl yused, analysisusi ngqual itati
ve
t
echni ques, whi chhav ecomet oinfluencet hest udyofpeopl e'sl anguages.
Int helate1970st het erm sociologyofl anguagebegant obeseen
especi all
yintheUKasar eferencet othef ieldofsoci ol
ingui sti
cswhi ch
wasi ncreasinglyknownasasuper or di
natet er mt ofocusmor eonv ar i
ous
subjectsr el
atedt other el
ationshipofl anguageandsoci ety.

InHongKongal soexperiencedsociol
inguist
icproblemsv eryquickly
whichr esult
edinpol i
ti
calli
fe,dur
ingthesecondwar ,
t hesociol
inguist
ic
situationintheregionbecamechar acteri
sticofthet ensi
onbet ween
English,t
hedej urel
anguageofgov ernment ,
lawandeducat ion,
internationaltr
ade,Cantonese,andEngl i
sh.Themostf r
equentlyused
languageistechnology.

Becausethechangei nsocialandpol i
ticalpr
ospectshasbeenr ef
lect
ed
bychangesi nt
hesociolingui
sti
cbal ancei nt
hesurroundingcommuni ty
,
andther
ear emanymor elocall
ingui
stsi nthei
rrespecti
vecountri
eswho
arecurr
entlysuggesti
ngnott oav oi
dt hePRC'snationall
anguagewhi ch
wil
lgetdrasti
cal
lyinthenearfuture.cl oseenoughandev entual
lygot
 pastEngl i
shandCant onesei nsomecommuni t
ydomai ns.Oneoft he
l
anguagepol yglosicssi tuati
ons, t
heot heronei slowandt heot hertwo
arehigh,namel yt hel anguageofpol i
ticsandadmi nist
ration,Engl i
sh,
t
echnologyandt r
ade, Cant oneseori tcanal sober eferredt oast he
l
anguageoft hefami l
yt hatisof t
enused.Sot hei ssueofsoci oli
ngui stics
isverycloselyrel atedt opoliti
calissuest hatar ever yimpor tantatt his
ti
me, becauseaccor dingt oresidentsinHongKongi tisv eryinteresting.
Moreover, t
her ear enoboundar iesofsoci olinguisticandacademi c
r
esearchatt het wouni versit
ies,thereareal somanyr eportsrangi ngf rom
dailynewspaper s,radi
o, andt elevi
sion.

Day-to-
dayconv ersati
onsanddi scussi onsbyi nterested"laymen"i nwhi ch
problemsdescr i
bedassoci oli
ngui sticincharacterar elessl i
kelytomake
adramat i
cimpact .Conferencesl ikeHongKongal readyhav eimpor tant
potenti
altoplay.Notonl ycant hesemeet i
ngsi nform andst r
engt hen
academicwor kbot hinHongKongandi nAsi aingener al,buttheycan
fundament all
yproducer esul
tsinot herareassuchasl anguagepl anning,
languagepolicyandl anguageineducat i
on.Ther efore,manyhopet hat
t
hetwouni versit
iesintheregionwi l
lholdregularconf erencesi nt he
f
ut ure.

Soci
oli
ngui
sti
csasafieldofstudyi
nter
msofdev elopmenti
nt hewest
andwetrytogi
veabriefoverv
iewofsoci
oli
ngui
stictheor
yatthist
ime
especi
all
yint
her egi
onofEuropeandtheUni t
edStat
es.

Soci
oli
ngui
sti
csi
nAsi
a

Asi ndi catedintheprevi

oussect ion,anyatt
empttochar act
eri
ze'Asian'
soci etyshar edcharacteri
sti
cst hatunequi
vocal
lydist
ingui
shsucha
soci etyfrom the'
west',wil
lnotonl yideol
ogi
call
ysuspect,butalso
f
undament all
ywrong.TheAsi anr egion,ashasbeendefined,encompass
anext raordinar
yv ar
iet
yofsoci et
iesnotbecauseoft hei
rsimil
ari
ti
es,but
ratherbecauseofi ndivi
duali
tyoft hei
rsoci
oli
nguist
icsit
uati
on.
 Nev ertheless, apartf r
om t heheavyqual ifi
cationst hathav ebeenmade,
therear eanumberofcl earconnectionsacr ossnat ionalboundar i
esmay
bei ndicat ed.Fi r
st ,inSouthandSout heastAsi a, al argenumberof
communi t
iesf acelanguagepol i
cyquest i
onsr elatedt ol anguagepl anning
inpost colonialcont ext ;Suchcommuni tieswi l
lincludeI ndia,Malaysia,
thePhi li
ppines, Singapor eandI ndonesia( notrepr esentedatthe
conf erence) ,andal so, toasomewhatdi f
ferentdegr ee, HongKongand
Macau.Forsomeoft hesecommuni ti
es,theresponset osuchquest ions
i
spr omot i
onf rom indi genouspeopl esnat i
onallanguage, asinthecase
ofMal ay si
aandt hePhi li
ppines.Forot hers,theansweri scompr omiseby
adoptingEngl ishasan' et
hnicneutral'l
anguageofcommuni cat
ionf or
someof f
icialgoals, suchasgov ernmentandeducat ion, i
ntheirsociety,
asdi dI
ndiaandSi ngapor e.

Sociol
ingui
sti
csinAsiashowsev eryef
fortofAsiansoci
etyfi
rmlyto
disti
nguishpeoplef
rom thewest .TheAsianregi
onhasbeendef inedi
n
v
ar i
ousout si
desoci
etiesnotbecauseoftheirsi
milar
it
iesbutbecauseof
theirsoci
oli
nguist
ici
ndivi
duali
ty.

DiCinaalam isti
lahlingui st
ik,
demogr afi
s,dangeogr af
is,
keragamandan
kompleksitassosi ol
inguisti
kdirakyatCinasangatbesardar itotal
popul
asi1. 032j ut
aor angmengi ndenti
f i
kasidi
risebagaiHan( Cina)
.
BahasaHanber fungsisebagaibahasast andardiRRCdanTai wandandi
bentuklisanol eh"Put onghua"adalahlunguaFr ancaantarapetutur
berbagaibahasai nt
ranasional.

I
ndiahasasoci ol
inguist
icsi
tuati
onthathasbeencr eatedbyadegreeof
l
ingui
sticdi
versi
tythatparal
lelst
heplural
ism andreli
gionofthepeople.
Esti
mat esofthetotalnumberoflanguages​i
nt hecommunit yr
each1,600
(v
ar i
es)
.Hindiistheoffi
ciall
anguageofI ndi
abutEnglishisal
so
recogni
zedast heoff
ici
allanguage.

Japanisdist
inct
ivei
nter
msofcul t
uralandmat er
ialunif
ormit
yalthough
sociol
ingui
sti
csvar
yintheirdescri
pti
onsoft heli
nguist
icsit
uati
onin
Japan.Forexample"Japanisamonol ingual,
monocul t
ural,
and
monoet
hni
csoci
ety
"