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Performance Evaluation of Interleaved Boost Converter Topologies For Photovoltaic Applications
Performance Evaluation of Interleaved Boost Converter Topologies For Photovoltaic Applications
Abstract
Renewable energy conversion systems are gaining more
attention in recent years. The rapid rise of power genera-
tion using renewable energy sources forces to implement a
power converter with higher conversion efficiency. To ensure
this, DC-DC boost converters are employed to obtain the
required boosted voltage level. But this topology results
in higher ripple which is unfavorable for PV applications.
Hence, this paper evaluates three different topologies of In-
terleaved Boost Converter which is the parallel connection
of boost converters. The topologies analyzed are uncoupled,
coupled IBC configuration and IBC with voltage doubler
circuit. These converters are designed, simulated, and ana-
lyzed their performance has been evaluated based on various
parameters. From the results, it is observed that IBC with
doubler circuit proves to be the best. The circuit configu-
rations of the various converter topologies are simulated in
PSIM. The results are verified and validated.
Key Words:Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC); cou-
pled inductor; ripple; efficiency; gain.
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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
1 Introduction
Extraction of energy from renewable resources is being widely pre-
ferred because of the various advantages offered like being pollu-
tion free, less maintenance requirement, etc. Among various green
energy sources, solar energy have the potential to become a ma-
jor contributor to the future electricity supply across the globe
[1].Photovoltaic (PV) power systems have found numerous appli-
cations, ranging from small, standalone systems to utility-scale,
grid-connected power plant. To maximize the productivity and to
achieve high conversion efficiency, DC-to-DC step up (or) Boost
converters are being used to improve the voltage level required for
the considered application.
The conventional boost converters were widely being used for
several applications, but that too suffers from various drawbacks
[2]. The gain achieved by the conventional boost converters are
limited by the parasitic elements of the components and losses in
the system. These limitations are overcome by recent development
in the converter topologies.
One of the advanced topologies is the Interleaved Boost Con-
verter (IBC). These converters are found to have reduced current
ripple, voltage ripple and increased efficiency. Although the con-
ventional interleaved configuration reduces the input current ripple
significantly, gain attainable is limited. This limitation can be ad-
dressed by including coupled inductors into the existing topology.
The output voltage obtained can be further increased by incorpo-
rating voltage doubler circuit to the existing topology[3].
Thus, the main objective of the paper is to design and simu-
late the above-mentioned converters and analyze their performance.
The parameters accounted for the comparison of the above-mentioned
topologies are: output voltage ripple, input current ripple, gain and
efficiency.
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2) Coupled IBC
The coupled IBC can be either directly or inversely coupled.
The main difference between direct and inverse coupling is the
winding orientation between the primary and secondary sides of
the coupled inductor. The turns ratio of the coupled inductor can
also be changed according to the requirement. Fig. 2. shows the
circuit of IBC with coupled inductors.
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3 DESIGN EQUATIONS
Design of converters plays a major role in reducing the output volt-
age ripple and input current ripple. As these converters include
energy storage components, which release their energy to the load
terminals, they must be chosen with proper attention. This section
involves the necessary design equations [5] for the above-mentioned
topologies.
A. Voltage gain
The output voltage of the boost converter is a function of the
duty ratio D, which is given by:
Vout
=1−D (1)
Vin
B. Selection of inductors
The equations for designing inductors for all the three types of
IBC are mentioned below.
1) Uncoupled inductor
Vin D
L= (2)
fs ∆I
Where Vin , D, fs and ∆I represent input voltage, duty ratio,
switching frequency and input current ripple respectively..
2) Directly coupled inductor
The value of equivalent inductance, Leq is given by:
Vin D
Leq = (3)
fs ∆I
The minimum value of self- inductance is given by:
D
1 + α 1−D
L= Leq (4)
1 + α − 2α2
The value of mutual inductance is given by:
Lm = αL (5)
Where represents the coupling coefficient.
3) Inversely coupled inductor
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Lm = −αL (6)
C. Selection of capacitors
The value of capacitance which acts as a filter at the output end
can be realized by the following equation:
V0 D
C= (7)
fs ∆V
Equations (3) and (7) are used for the design of the conventional
boost converter.
4 SIMULATION PARAMETERS
Table I. provides the simulation parameters for Interleaved Boost
Converters.
5 SIMULATION RESULTS
The simulation was carried in PSIM software with the parameters
as shown in Table I. The output voltage and the input current
waveforms of IBC are shown in Figs. 3&4 respectively.
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Coupled Inductors
7 DESIGN EQUATIONS
A. Selection of Inductors
The design equations of the self-inductance of the coupled induc-
tor are same as in (4). To maintain the operation of the converter
in the continuous conduction mode, self-inductance values are in-
creased by 1.2 and 1.5 times of the computed value. The design
equation for mutual inductance is same as shown in (5).
B. Selection of Voltage Doubler Capacitors
The design value of the capacitors used in doubler can be real-
ized by calculating the current flowing through it.
1 ∆iL
If,high = (iL(avg) + ) (8)
4 2
1 ∆iL
If,low = (iL(avg) − ) (9)
4 2
(If,high + If,low ).(1 − D)
C= (10)
2fs ∆Vc
C. Selection of Output Capacitors
The design equation for the output capacitors remains the same
as (7).
8 SIMULATION PARAMETERS
Table II. gives the simulation parameters for the high gain IBC
with voltage doubler module.
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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
9 PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS
The performance parameters taken for analysis and comparison of
the directly coupled and voltage doubler IBC are : input current
ripple, output voltage ripple, voltage gain , and efficiency.The ripple
in general which is due to low frequency component is computed
using (11).
The voltage gain is given by (12).
M ax.value − M in.V alue
Ripple(%) = ∗ 100 (11)
Avg.V alue
The efficiency of a converter can be realised from (13).
outputvoltage
V oltagegain = (12)
inputvoltage
The losses can be given as the sum of conduction loss, switching
loss of the MOSFET switches and the diode losses [8].
outputpower
Ef f iciency = (13)
outputpower + Losses
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√
di , D p
IDrain = √ ∗ (D ∗ (Imax − ∆i )2 ) (16)
3
2 ∗ Iout + ∆i (1 − D)
Imax = (17)
2(1 − D)
10 COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE
PARAMETERS
Fig.9. shows the comparison between current ripple of the directly
coupled IBC and IBC with voltage- doubler for different duty ratios.
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From the Figs. 9to 11, it is observed that IBC with voltage
doubler provides better performance with higher gain than the con-
ventional two-phase IBC.
Table III. gives the comparison of the considered various per-
formance parameters for the
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It can be seen from Table III that IBC with voltage doubler has
reduced voltage and current ripple, along with improved gain and
efficiency when compared with conventional IBC.
11 CONCLUSION
This article had presented the various configurations of interleaved
boost converters. The components were designed, simulated and
evaluated in terms of several performance metrics. Based on this
analysis, direct coupling was found to have better characteristics
and thus, it was employed in the high gain interleaved boost con-
verter with voltage doubler module. The IBC topology with voltage
doubler circuit resulted in higher gain, reduced input current ripple,
reduced output voltage ripple and improved efficiency compared to
the boost, uncoupled and coupled IBC. Hence, the proposed con-
verter can be used as a front end converter for grid connected PV
applications[9] [10].
12 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank our project guide, Dr. R. Seyezhai for
her immense support and motivation. We are also grateful to the
management of SSN College of Engineering for funding our project.
References
[1] SatyendraVishwakarma, K. B. Mohd. Umar Ansari, Goldy
Sharma, Importance Of Power Electronics In Renewable En-
ergy Systems, Journal Of Information, Knowledge And Re-
search In Electrical Engineering, ISSN: 0975 6736, Volume
02, Issue 02, Pp-301-306.
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