Revision Helper U4 Bilingual

Part
1部分 Revision notes 溫習筆記

Revision Helper 溫習錦囊 (Bilingual version) 雙語版本
第
Chapter
第 101 章 Forms of energy and energy
changes
能量的形式及轉換
10.1 Different forms of energy 10.1 能量的不同形式
Q1 What are the different forms of energy? 能量以哪些形式存在？
A1
The different forms of energy are shown in the following table. 下表顯示各種形式的能量。
Form of energy 各種形式的能量 Source 來源

light energy Sun, lamps
光能太陽、電燈
heat energy hot objects
熱能熱的物體
sound energy vibrating objects
聲能振動的物體
electrical energy power station
電能發電廠
kinetic energy moving objects
動能運動中的物體
chemical energy food, fuels
化學能食物、燃料
potential energy stretched, compressed, bent or raised objects
勢能被拉緊、擠壓、弄曲或升高的物體
Understanding Integrated Science for the 21st Century (3rd Edition) 最新綜合科學 — 邁進 21 世紀 (第三版) 1
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2011 © 雅集出版社有限公司 2011
10.2 Energy changes 10.2 能量轉換

Q2
Can energy change from one form 能量可以由一種形式轉換到另一
to another? 種形式嗎？
A2
Yes. Some examples of energy conversions in our 可以。以下顯示日常生活中的

daily life are shown below: 能量轉換的例子。
能量轉換
electrical light sound

energy energy + energy
電能光能聲能
chemical kinetic
energy energy
化學能動能
Some energy conversions involve 一些能量轉換過程涉及中間能量形式

中間能量形式。
中間能量形式
intermediate forms of energy.
A daily example is shown below: 以下顯示一日常生活中的例子：
A small electric fan 小型電風扇
Initial form of energy Intermediate form of energy Final form of energy

最初的能量形式中間能量形式最終的能量形式
chemical electrical kinetic

energy energy energy
化學能電能動能
(of the batteries) (of the blades)

(儲存在電池內) (扇葉的)
10.3 Making use of energy converters 10.3 能量轉換器

Q3 How can energy change from one 能量如何由一種形式轉換成另
form to another? 一種形式？
A3
We can use energy converters to change 我們能利用能量轉換器

能量轉換器把能量由一
能量轉換器
energy from one form to another. 種形式轉換成另一種形式。
Examples of energy converters are shown below: 以下顯示一些能量轉換器的例子：
Initial form of energy Final form of energy

最初的能量形式最終的能量形式
electrical light heat

energy energy + energy
電能光能熱能
A light bulb 電燈
kinetic sound
energy energy
動能聲能
A guitar 結他
electrical kinetic
energy energy
電能動能
A motor in an electric fan

電風扇內的電動機 (of the blades) (扇葉的)
kinetic electrical
energy energy
動能電能
A generator in a power station

發電廠內的發電機
10.4 The need to control 10.4 控制能量轉換的重要性

energy conversions
Q4 Are all energy conversions 是否所有能量轉換都對我們有用？

useful to us?
A4
Energy conversions that are under control 如果轉換過程是受到控制的，這種能量

can be useful to us. They are called 轉換對我們有用，並屬於受控制的能量
受控制的能量
controlled energy conversions. 轉換。
轉換
Energy conversions that go out of control 如果能量轉換失控，可能會帶來嚴重的破
are very dangerous. They are called 壞，這種能量轉換屬於失
失控的能量轉換。
控的能量轉換
uncontrolled energy conversions.
Examples of uncontrolled energy 失控的能量轉換的例子：
conversions:
Hill fires 山火 Household fires 家居火警
Chapter
第 11 章 Our energy sources
能源與我
11.1 Fuels as our sources of energy 11.1 燃料
Q5 現時我們使用的能量來自哪裏？
Where does the energy we use
come from?
A5
The energy we use comes from burning of 我們使用的能量來自燃燒化石燃料

化石燃料，
化石燃料
fossil fuels, which include crude oil 包括原油
原油(石油)、天然氣
天然氣和煤
天然氣煤。
(petroleum), natural gas and coal.
Crude oil is further processed to produce 石油通常被加工生產出多種有用的燃
several types of fuels, including petrol, 料，包括汽油
汽油、柴油
汽油柴油、石油氣
柴油石油氣和火水
石油氣火水。
火水
diesel oil, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
and kerosene.
The following table summarises the common 下表顯示一些燃料的主要用途：
uses of the fuels.
Fuel 燃料 Common uses 主要用途

Petrol fuel for private cars
汽油用作私家車的燃料
Diesel oil fuel for buses and lorries
柴油用作巴士和貨車的燃料
LPG cooking and heating, fuel for taxis and minibuses
石油氣用來煮食和把水加熱，用作的士和小巴的燃料
Kerosene fuel for airplanes
火水用作飛機的燃料
Town gas cooking and heating at homes
煤氣用作家居燃料，可用來煮食和把水加熱
Natural gas fuel for power stations
天然氣用作發電廠的燃料
Coal generate electricity
煤用來發電
Q6
What safety precautions should we take 在家居使用燃料時應採取甚
when using the fuels at home? 麼安全措施？
A6
The following are the safety precautions for using 以下是使用燃料時應採取的安全措施：

fuels at home.
Open the windows when you are Ask your gas supplier to check the Switch off the gas cooker when it is
using a gas cooker to let fresh air in gas cooker and the hose regularly. not in use.
and avoid build-up of harmful gases. 煮食爐以及膠喉應由合格技工定不使用時必須把爐火熄滅。
使用氣體爐具煮食時要打開窗期檢查和維修。
戶，保持空氣流通，以免室內積
聚有害氣體。
DO NOT leave the gas cooker DO NOT place flammable DO NOT use aerosol cans when the
unattended when it is in use. substances such as newspaper or gas cooker is in use because many
爐具正在使用時，不要離開及不 cooking oil near the gas cooker. aerosols contain flammable gases.
加看管。不要把易燃物品，例如報紙和煮不要把噴霧劑容器放近使用中的
食油，放近煮食爐。煮食爐，因為噴霧劑通常含有易
燃氣體。
DO NOT store too much fuel at DO NOT allow children to play in the
home. kitchen.
不應在家中儲存過量燃料。
Understanding Century (3rd Edition) 最新綜合科學 — 邁進 21 世紀 (第三版)
Integrated Science for the 21st 不應讓小童在廚房內玩耍。 6
11.2 Using fuels to generate 11.2 利用燃料來發電

electricity
Q7
How is electricity generated in a power station? 發電廠是如何發電的？
A7
The following diagram shows how electricity is 下圖顯示發電廠內發電的過程：

generated in a power station.
2. The steam drives the turbine which in

turn drives the generator.
2. 蒸汽推動渦輪機，繼而帶動發電機。
hot steam 蒸汽 turbine 渦輪機 generator 發電機
steam cools down electricity

and changes to water 電力
water 水蒸汽冷卻變成水
3. The kinetic energy of the

fuel 燃料 turbine is converted into
electrical energy by the
1. Heat energy from burning fuels generator.
is used to boil water to steam. 3. 發電機把渦輪機的動能轉
1. 燃料燃燒時產生的熱能把水煮沸換成電能。
成蒸汽。
cooling cooling
water in water out
冷卻用水冷卻用水
入口出口
11.3 Other ways to generate 11.3 其他發電的方法

electricity
Q8
What are the other ways to generate 除了燃燒化石燃料，還有甚麼
electricity besides burning fossil fuels? 發電的方法？
A8
The following table summarises different ways to generate 下表顯示其他發電的方法。

electricity.
Uses heat energy from the breaking down of nuclear fuels to

boil water to steam. The steam drives a turbine, which in turn
Nuclear power
drives a generator to produce electricity.
核能
利用核燃料
核燃料產生反應時放出的大量熱能把水煮沸成蒸汽，從
核燃料
而推動渦輪機和發電機來發電。
Uses heat energy of underground hot rocks to boil water to
steam. The steam drives a turbine, which in turn drives a
Geothermal power
generator to produce electricity.
地熱能
利用地下熾熱岩層
熾熱岩層的熱能把水煮沸成蒸汽，從而推動渦輪機
熾熱岩層
和發電機來發電。
Uses kinetic energy of wind to drive the generator inside a wind
Wind power
turbine to produce electricity.
風力發電
利用風的動能來推動風力渦輪機內的發電機產生電。
Uses kinetic energy of water flowing down from a high position
Hydro-electric power to drive a turbine, which in turn drives a generator to produce
水力發電 electricity.
利用水從高處流下時的動能來推動渦輪機和發電機產生電。
Uses solar panels to convert light energy from the Sun into
Solar power
electricity.
太陽能
利用太陽能板
太陽能板把太陽的光能轉換成電能。
太陽能板
Chapter
第 12 章 Issues related to the use of
energy
與使用能源相關的議題
12.1 Limited supply of fossil 12.1 化石燃料的供應問題
fuels
Q9
Will the fossil fuels be used up in the future? 化石燃料在將來會否耗盡？
A9
Yes, fossil fuels are non-renewable energy sources. 會，化石燃料是不可再生能源

不可再生能源，它
不可再生能源
They are limited and will soon be used up 們的供應有限，總有一天會耗盡。
We should rely more on renewable energy sources 我們應多倚賴可再生能源
可再生能源，例如風
可再生能源
such as wind power, solar power, hydro-electric power, 力發電、太陽能、水力發電、潮汐
tidal power and geothermal power. They can be 能及地熱能等，這些能源都可以不
renewed continuously. 斷地得到補充。
12.2 Environmental problems 12.2 使用化石燃料引起

caused by the use of 的環境問題
fossil fuels
Q10
What environmental problems are 燃燒化石燃料會引起甚麼環境
caused by burning of fossil fuels? 問題？
A10
Burning of fossil fuels gives out pollutants such 燃燒化石燃料會放出污染物，例如

as carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, 二氧化碳、二氧化硫
二氧化碳二氧化硫、氮氧化物
二氧化硫氮氧化物、
氮氧化物
nitrogen oxides, dust and particulates. 塵粒和懸浮粒子
塵粒懸浮粒子。
懸浮粒子
These pollutants cause air pollution, acid 這些污染物會引致空氣污染
空氣污染、酸雨
空氣污染酸雨
rain and global warming. 和全球暖化
全球暖化。
全球暖化
The following diagram summarises the 下圖總結了不同空氣污染物造成的
environmental problems caused by different 環境問題。
pollutants.
react with water in

air to form acid rain
與空氣中的水分產生
反應，形成酸雨
traps heat from the

Sun and causes
global warming sulphur dioxide and
carbon dioxide nitrogen oxides
困住太陽的熱能，二氧化碳二氧化硫和氮氧化物
造成全球暖化
dust and particulates
塵粒和懸浮粒子
kills trees and

organisms in water
導致樹木和水中的生
物死亡
factories and power stations
cause air
工廠和發電廠
pollution
引致空氣污染
damages stone statues
cars 汽車侵蝕石製雕像
12.3 Solving problems 12.3 解決使用化石燃料引起

caused by the use of 的問題
fossil fuels
Q11 How can we reduce environmental problems 我們如何紓緩因使用化石

caused by burning of fossil fuels? 燃料所帶來的環境問題？
A11
We can help reduce the use of fossil fuels by 我們透過在日常生活中節約能源

saving energy in our daily lives. 來減少使用化石燃料。
The following diagrams show some actions we 下圖顯示節約能源的方法：
can take to save energy.
Switch off the light whenever you Turn off the television when you are Hang-dry washed clothes instead
leave a room. not watching it. of using a dryer.
離開房間時要關燈。沒有人觀看電視時把電視機關掉。把衣服晾乾而不使用乾衣機。
Set the air-conditioner to a higher Walk instead of using the lift if you Take a short shower instead of a
temperature. go up or down only one or two floors. bath. This reduces the use of hot
把冷氣機調節至合適的溫度，因上落一層樓時，使用樓梯，而非乘 water and thus the energy needed
為溫度過低會浪費電力。搭升降機。 to heat the water.
不以浴缸浸浴，改以花灑淋浴，
以減少使用熱水，從而節省把水
加熱所耗用的能源。
Besides, the scientists develop new technologies to 另外，科學家研發一些新科技來

reduce the use of fossil fuel. 減少化石燃料的消耗。
New technologies
新科技
include 包括
Technologies for Alternative ways to Alternative fuels,

reducing energy use generate electricity e.g. biofuels
節能的科技其他發電的方法化石燃料以外的燃料
例如：生物燃料
e.g. 例如： e.g. 例如：

Compact fluorescent lamps Nuclear power 核能 e.g. 例如：
change electrical energy to A bus that uses biofuel
Geothermal power 地熱能
light energy efficiently. They 一輛使用生物燃料的巴士
give out the same amount of Wind power 風力發電
light as ordinary light bulbs, Hydro-electric power 水力發電
but use only a quarter of the Solar powder 太陽能
electricity.
慳電膽  與傳統燈泡比
較，慳電膽能更有效地把電
能轉換成光能。亮度與傳統
燈泡相同的慳電膽，所耗用
的電力只是傳統燈泡的
25%。
Part Revision Helper 溫習錦囊 (Bilingual version) 雙語版本
第 2 部分 Revision exercise 單元練習

A. True or false questions
是非題
Write ‘T’ for a true statement or ‘F’ for a false statement in each box provided.
細閱以下句子，正確的在方格內填上「T」，不正確的則填上「F」。
1. When a rubber band is stretched, it contains potential energy. □
2. Pianos can change kinetic energy to sound energy. □
3. Household fire is an example of uncontrolled energy conversions. □
4. In power stations, the generators change electrical energy to kinetic energy. □
5. Kerosene is mainly used as a fuel for buses in Hong Kong. □
6. In a wind turbine, wind is used to drive the turbine blades, which in turn drives a □
generator.
7. Wind power is clean but the source is unreliable. □
8. Geothermal power is renewable energy sources. □
9. The carbon dioxide given out from the burning of fossil fuels intensify greenhouse □
effect.
10. Carbon dioxide traps heat from the Sun and keeps the Earth warm. This is called □
global warming.
B. Multiple-choice questions
多項選擇題
Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions.
選出正確的答案，然後在空格內填上代表該答案的英文字母。
1. A burning candle can give out
(I) light energy.
(II) heat energy.
(III) electrical energy.
A. (I) and (II) only
B. (I) and (III) only
C. (II) and (III) only
D. (I), (II) and (III) □
2. Release a table tennis ball from a certain height.

What energy change takes place when the ball is falling?
A. kinetic energy potential energy
B. kinetic energy heat energy
C. potential energy kinetic energy
D. potential energy heat energy □
3. Which of the following shows the energy change taking place in a hydro-electric power station?
A. kinetic energy potential energy electrical energy
B. potential energy kinetic energy electrical energy
C. kinetic energy heat energy electrical energy
D. potential energy heat energy electrical energy □
4. Which kind of energy is stored in a compressed spring?

A. Chemical energy
B. Potential energy
C. Heat energy
D. Electrical energy □
5. Which of the following is/are produced from crude oil?

(I) Town gas
(II) Petrol
(III) Coal
A. (I) only
B. (II) only
C. (I) and (II) only
D. (II) and (III) only □
6. Which of the following fuels cause little air pollution?

(I) LPG
(II) Town gas
(III) Natural gas
7. Which of the following is not a renewable energy source?

A. Nuclear power
B. Solar power
C. Wind power
D. Hydro-electric power □
8. Which of the following gases cause acid rain?

(I) Sulphur dioxide
(II) Nitrogen oxides
(III) Carbon dioxide

9. Which of the following ways can save energy?

(I) Go to work by using public transports instead of driving a car.
(II) Set the air-conditioner to a higher temperature.
(III) Use natural light for office lighting.
10. Which of the following power stations use(s) steam to drive a turbine?
(I) Geothermal power stations
(II) Wind power stations
(III) Hydro-electric power stations
A. (I) only
B. (II) only
C. (I) and (II) only
D. (II) and (III) only □
C. Short questions
短問題
1. The following diagram shows a steam engine unit. When the fuel is burned, the bulb lights up.
generator
fuel trough light bulb
wheel
(a) Suggest a fuel for this steam engine unit.

______________________________________________________________________
(b) Explain why the bulb lights up.

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Solar power is one of the alternative energy sources.

(a) Describe how solar power stations produce electricity.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(b) State two advantage of using solar power.

______________________________________________________________________
(c) State one disadvantage of using solar power.

______________________________________________________________________
Part Answers 答案
A. True or false questions 是非題
1. T
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. F
6. T
7. T
8. T
9. T
10. F
B. Multiple-choice questions 多項選擇題

1. A
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. A
8. A
9. D
10. A
C. Short questions 短問題

1. (a) Alcohol
(b) When the fuel is burned, it gives out heat energy. The heat energy boils water to steam.
The steam then turns the wheel, which in turn drives the generator to produce electricity.
As a result, the bulb lights up.
2. (a) The solar power stations use solar panels to change light energy from the Sun directly
into electricity.
(b) It is clean and the energy source is unlimited.
(c) The cost of solar panels is high. / A lot of space is required. / The energy source is
unreliable.

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Part

1部分 Revision notes 溫習筆記

Q1 What are the different forms of energy? 能量以哪些形式存在？

Form of energy 各種形式的能量 Source 來源

10.2 Energy changes 10.2 能量轉換

Yes. Some examples of energy conversions in our 可以。以下顯示日常生活中的

electrical light sound

Some energy conversions involve 一些能量轉換過程涉及中間能量形式

A small electric fan 小型電風扇

Initial form of energy Intermediate form of energy Final form of energy

chemical electrical kinetic

(of the batteries) (of the blades)

10.3 Making use of energy converters 10.3 能量轉換器

We can use energy converters to change 我們能利用能量轉換器

Initial form of energy Final form of energy

electrical light heat

A motor in an electric fan

A generator in a power station

10.4 The need to control 10.4 控制能量轉換的重要性

Q4 Are all energy conversions 是否所有能量轉換都對我們有用？

Energy conversions that are under control 如果轉換過程是受到控制的，這種能量

Hill fires 山火 Household fires 家居火警

The energy we use comes from burning of 我們使用的能量來自燃燒化石燃料

Fuel 燃料 Common uses 主要用途

The following are the safety precautions for using 以下是使用燃料時應採取的安全措施：

11.2 Using fuels to generate 11.2 利用燃料來發電

The following diagram shows how electricity is 下圖顯示發電廠內發電的過程：

2. The steam drives the turbine which in

hot steam 蒸汽 turbine 渦輪機 generator 發電機

steam cools down electricity

3. The kinetic energy of the

11.3 Other ways to generate 11.3 其他發電的方法

The following table summarises different ways to generate 下表顯示其他發電的方法。

Uses heat energy from the breaking down of nuclear fuels to

Yes, fossil fuels are non-renewable energy sources. 會，化石燃料是不可再生能源

12.2 Environmental problems 12.2 使用化石燃料引起

Burning of fossil fuels gives out pollutants such 燃燒化石燃料會放出污染物，例如

react with water in

traps heat from the

kills trees and

12.3 Solving problems 12.3 解決使用化石燃料引起

Q11 How can we reduce environmental problems 我們如何紓緩因使用化石

We can help reduce the use of fossil fuels by 我們透過在日常生活中節約能源

Besides, the scientists develop new technologies to 另外，科學家研發一些新科技來

Technologies for Alternative ways to Alternative fuels,

e.g. 例如： e.g. 例如：

第 2 部分 Revision exercise 單元練習

2. Release a table tennis ball from a certain height.

4. Which kind of energy is stored in a compressed spring?

5. Which of the following is/are produced from crude oil?

6. Which of the following fuels cause little air pollution?

7. Which of the following is not a renewable energy source?

8. Which of the following gases cause acid rain?

A. (I) and (II) only

9. Which of the following ways can save energy?

fuel trough light bulb

(a) Suggest a fuel for this steam engine unit.

(b) Explain why the bulb lights up.

2. Solar power is one of the alternative energy sources.

(b) State two advantage of using solar power.

(c) State one disadvantage of using solar power.

B. Multiple-choice questions 多項選擇題

C. Short questions 短問題

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