Z& PRESIDENCY UNIVERSITY Private University Estd, in Karnataka State by Act No. 41 of 2013 Cir Iagalpura, Rajanukunte, Yelahanka, Bengaluru- 560064 School of Management VALUE ADDED COURSE BASIC SEARCH ENGINE —- SOMV2051 HISTORY OF SEARCH ENGINE AND MAJOR GOOGLE ALGORITHM UPDATES. Name: SUNIL KUMAR M Roll Number: 20202MDM0016 Under the guidance of DR. CHITAMBAR GUPTA Associate Professor School of ManagementHISTORY OF SEARCH ENGINE AND MAJOR GOOGLE ALGORITHM UPDATES ABSTRACT Search engine is a challenging task. Search engines index tens to hundreds of millions of web pages: involving a comparable number of distinct terms. They answer tens of millions of queries every day. Despite the importance of large-scale search engines on the web, very little academic research has been done on them, Furthermore, due to rapid advance in technology and web proliferation, creating a web search engine today is very different from years ago. Search engine the first such detailed public description we know of to date. Apart from the problems of scaling, traditional search techniques to data of this magnitude, there are new technical challenges involved with using the additional information present in hypertext to produce better search results. This paper addresses about the history of the search engine and also major Google algorithm updates. INTRODUCTION Search Engine is a software program that searches the Internet (bunch of websites) based on the words that we designate as search terms (query words). It looks through their own databases of information in order to find what it is that we are looking for. Web Search Engines are a good example for massively sized Information Retrieval Systems. ‘The amount of information on the web is growing rapidly, as well as the number of new users inexperienced in the art of web research, People are likely to surf the web using its link graph, often starting with high quality human maintained indices such as Yahoo! or with search engines. Human maintained lists cover popular topics effectively but are subjective, expensive to build and maintain, slow to improve, and cannot cover all esoteric topics. Automated search engines that rely on keyword matching usually return too many low quality matches. To make ‘matters worse, some advertisers attempt to gain people's attention by taking measures meant to mislead automated search engines. We have built a large-scale search engine which addresses ‘many of the problems of existing systems. It makes especially heavy use of the additional structure present in hypertext to provide much higher quality search results.HISTORY OF SEARCH ENGI IN 1990 first search engine is Archie. A year after they invented the World Wide Web (WWW), the early search engine crawled through an index of downloadable files. et chonaed on 17202017 15:40:18 by Wiccan During 1991, Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the WWW, created a virtual library to help users find URLs for different websites. The CERN web servers hosted the library at the beginning of the internet. In 1992, Jump Station brought a new leap with their linear search which showed a page’s title and header in the same results, IN 1994, David Filo and Jerry Yang create Yahoo! Search. The site was the first collection of ‘web pages across the internet. They include man-made descriptions for the URLs. Site owners can add Informational sites for free, but commercial sites had to pay Rs.9000/year. WebCrawler— the same year that Yahoo! Search launched saw the launch of Web Crawler. They create the first search engine to index entire pages. The amount of data required to do the search engine too slow to use during the day During 1995, Lycos search engine also launched in 1994. The search engine cataloged over 394,000 documents by August. By January 1995, they had over 1.5 million documents cataloged, IN 1996, Larry Page and Sergey Brin created the predecessor to Google BackRub. The initial idea used back links to help rank websites for better search ‘The back links show you how one website that links to another site counts as a vote. This idea is the basis ofa website’s authority. Today's algorithm still relies on the same initial conceptAskJeeves— The first search engine where they attempt to have human editors respond to search queries. The site became easy prey to spam. Inktomi — A pioneer in the paid advertising model Inktomi provided an early precursor to pay- per-click (PPC) ads. Lycos— Still the largest search engine. Lycos now has over 60 million documents indexed. IN 1998, Google officially launches. Google! Search the web using Google! 10 results || Google Search || I'm feeling lucky ‘ndex contains ~25 million pages (soon to be much bigger) About Googl Stanford Search Linux Search Get Google! updates monthly! your e-mail Subscribe | Archive Copyright ©1997-8 Stanford University ‘The company was the first to use a PPC model successfully. In the year 1999, Sequoia Capital and others invest in Google. Also, AOL selects Google as a search partner. ‘The Teoma engine is released in 2000 In 2001, the search engine Excite goes bankrupt and is bought by for $10 million, AskJeeves The search engine buys Teoma to replace their direct search engine. During 2002, Yahoo! acquires other search engines to find search results for customers organically. Previously, they outsourced the service to third-party vendors.1 Eaeay a sen on Notes 1 MLB.deading tades Tennis" NEL proven ed 8 Bath Blowout -up to 04% off sheets, Jake S10 offal Gap leans now In the year 2003, Overture bought by AllTheWeb for $70 million and Inktomi bought by Yahoo! for $235 million. Yahoo! then buys Overture for $1.63 billion. Google— They announces the first search algorithm update at Northeaster’s SES Boston, which is why it is called the “Boston” update. IN 2004, Microsoft launches their new MSN search engine. In the year 2005, Microsoft’s MSN search engine starts to use its in-house technology in favor of ‘Yahoo! results.Ask— IAC (Ticketmaster.com and Match.com) buy Ask Jeeves for $1.85 Billion. They change the name to Ask.com and drop the Teoma search platform. No follow The major search engines use the “no follow” tag to clean up spammy blogs. Google created “Universal Search.” Instead of the traditional 10-listings, they added features for News, Video, Images, Local, and other verticals. Google age So | Fa ay In 2008, “Google Suggest” launch provides dropdowns of suggested topies. MSNiLive Search becomes Bing in 2009. In the year 2010, Google improved their web indexing system to enhance fresh search results by 50%. They call the update Caffeine. Google Instant shows real-time search results for users as they enter a query. During 2011, to create a more structured internet, Google, Yahoo!, and Microsoft (Bing) create ‘Schema.org.Google The search engine launches the first significant algorithm change to improve query results. The Google Panda algorithm reduces the effectiveness of content farms and scraper sites. The change affects 12% of all US search results. In 2012, Following the Panda release, Google launched the Google Penguin algorithm update, This update penalizes sites buying links or using link networks to boost their search rankings, During 2013, Google revolutionizes their search algorithm again with their Hummingbird update. The algorithm is the first attempt by a search engine to understand the human intent behind a search query. The history of search until then focused on how to improve language queries. In the year 2014, Yahoo! becomes the default search engine for Mozilla Firefox in the US. Google- the Pigeon algorithm updates the search engines local search results. They want to provide accurate, relevant local search results for users. Google- discusses how website security is now a ranking factor with their HTTPS, everywhere campaign, °f SEO 101: Understandins x S OQ | @ Secure | https://www.seomechanic.com/seo-101-understanding-basics-keywords/ In 2015, Google unleashes Mobilegeddon to force websites to add mobile-friendly websites. The change acknowledges the rapid rise in mobile search use. ES elmo eM ot Tel Muntele Stn are Naa Furthermore, Google releases Rank Brain, a machine learning program that automates the ranking algorithm, Bing~ Copying Google, they add a mobile-friendly algorithm.In the year 2016, Google Possum attacks local spam sites just like the “no follow” tag a decade earlier removed spammy websites. Google also integrated the Google Penguin update in the core ranking algorithm to ensure the death of link farms During 2017, Google penalized sites using interstitial and pop-up ads that destroy the mobile experience. In the year 2018, Google confirmed a broad core algorithm update had rolled out to benefit “under rewarded” pages and another update target to content relevance In 2019 and 2020, Google confirmed a core update (a.k.a, Florida 2) and it will be a big, Update targeted YMYL categories and also content landing pages MAJOR GOOGLE ALGORITHM UPDATES 1. Panda It is released on February 24, 2011 and its hazards Duplicate, plagiarized or thin content; user- generated spam; keyword stuffing, How it works: The Panda algorithm update assigns a so-called “quality score” to web pages. This score is then used as a ranking factor. Initially, the effects of Panda were mild, but in January 2016 it was permanently incorporated into Google’s core algorithm. Since then, update rollouts have become more frequent, so both Panda penalties and recoveries now happen faster. 2. Penguin It is released on April 24, 2012 and the risks are Spammy or irrelevant links; links with over- optimized anchor text. How it works: Google Penguin’s objective is to down-rank sites whose backlinks look unnatural. This update put an end to low-effort link building, like buying links from link farms and PBNs. 3.Hummingbird Itis released on August 22, 2013 and its hazards are Keyword stuffing; low-quality content, How it works: The Hummingbird algorithm helps Google better interpret search queries and provide results that match searcher intent (as opposed to the individual terms within the query). While keywords continue to be important, the Hummingbird algorithm makes it possible for apage to rank for a query even if it doesn’t contain the exact words the searcher entered. This is achieved with the help of natural language processing that relies on latent semantic indexing, co- occurring terms and synonyms. 4. Mobile It is released on April 21, 2015and its threats are, Lack of a mobile version of the page: poor mobile usability. How it works: This, and subsequent mobile search updates (2018, 2020) have shifted the focus from a desktop to a mobile version of your website. Today, Google ranks all websites based on how fast and user-friendly their mobile versions are. 5. Rank Brain It is released on October 26, 2015 and its risks are Lack of query-specific relevance; shallow content; poor UX. How it works: Rank Brain is a part of Google's Hummingbird algorithm. It is a machine learning system that helps Google understand the meaning behind queries and serve best matching search results in response to those queries. Google calls Rank Brain the third most important ranking factor. While we don’t know the exact formula behind this major update, the consensus is that Rank Brain is responsible for customizing a user’s Google search results Basically, Google goes beyond a person's search query and takes into account the larger context, like synonyms, implied words, and personal search history. CONCLUSION Search engine is searchable database which allows locating the information on the Internet by submitting the keywords. It is a very useful tool for quickly and easily searches for the information Online. It is important to formulate the search statement using advanced searching techniques to filter the most relevant information out of search engines huge database more efficiently and effectively. REFERENCE https://books.google.co.in/books/about/An_Introduction_to_Search_Engines, https://www.seomechanic.com/complete-history-search-engines https://searchengineland.com/8-major-google-algorithm-updates hutp://www.ocle.org/research/projects/archive/wep/stats/size.htm,