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Ipe Perspectives International Trade and Economic Foreign Policy
Ipe Perspectives International Trade and Economic Foreign Policy
Ipe Perspectives International Trade and Economic Foreign Policy
International Political Economy (IPE) is the study of how economic interests and political processes interact to shape government policies –
Thomas Oatley (2004)
History of IPE Dynamics?
State is Responsible for the State has Limited
People Need Each Other
People’s Welfare Resources
Sovereignty
Political Most Conflicted – Zero
Mercantilism State and National
Dominant Sum Game
Interests
MERCANTILISM LIBERALISM Individual
Competitive and
Interest,
Economic Runs by Cooperative –
Liberalism Non-State Individual
Market Positive Sum
Rights, and
Game
Free Market
Intervene in the economy to Establish and enforce property Instrument of the capitalist
allocate resources rights to facilitate market-based class uses state power to
Role of the state exchange sustain capitalist system
International Trade
• Keunggulan komparatif adalah di saat dua negara atau lebih berada pada titik
yang sama-sama menguntungkan
Comparative • Satu negara secara efisien menghasilkan suatu jenis barang/jasa tertentu – dan
Advantage dapat berdagang dengan negara yang kurang efisien menghasilkan barang
tersebut, sehingga terjadi pertukaran dalam interaksi perdagangan
• Padat modal
High Consumer
Production Behavior
Good
Utilities
Distribution
Good Property of
Infrastructure Rights
Economic Zone:
1. Industrial Park
2. Special Economic Zones HOW SHOULD ACTORS TRADE EACH
3. Eco-Industrial Park OTHER IN INTERNATIONAL MARKET?
1. Latin America critics
4. Technology Park NAFTA
5. Innovation District 2. There is no Equality
3. Interdependency
4. Lake of Infrastructure
Free Fair 5. Pro Small-Business /
Farmer
1. Competitiveness
2. Natural Resources Trade Trade 6. Lack of Technology
3. Human Resources 7. Transfer of Technology
4. Infrastructures 8. Subsidies
5. Tax Allowance 9. Need Restricts to Control
6. Tax Holliday Balance of Trade
7. Free Marketplace 10. Social Justice
LIBERALISM (CAPITALIST) VS. MARXISM (FARMERS)
8. No Subsidies
9. FTA/FTZ
10. Economic Incentives
11. Pro-Capitalism
ECONOMIC FOREIGN POLICY
What Economic Foreign Policy is?
Economic Foreign Policy (EFP) atau kebijakan ekonomi luar negeri (KELN)
secara sederhana berarti kebijakan-kebijakan yang ditempuh oleh suatu
negara dalam hubungan dengan lingkungan eksternalnya di bidang
ekonomi. Dalam era kontemporer, KELN pemerintah suatu negara harus
berhadapan dengan beragam wajah (multifacet) dari globalisi.
Contoh bidang yang terkait dengan economic foreign policy:
perdagangan, investasi, kebijakan nilai tukar, dan imigrasi .
Theory of Economic Foreign Policy
External System-
(International Level) Centered
Economic
Internal (Domestic Foreign
Level) Policy
Economic statecraft has long been an important feature of international relations. Economic Statecraft
is about incentives and sanction that can be used by sender to achieve an interest – by either coercive
economic or political movements (diplomacy or military forces).
Baldwin, 1985).
Incentives Sanctions
No Trade
Tariff Barriers
Barriers
COST BENEFIT
Economic
Coercive
They said
Why states
international
Stick Carrots involved into free
system is free
marketplace?
market?
That’s why, we always said that National Interest is the most important
Discussion
If nations gain from international trade, why do you think most of them
impose some restrictions on the free flow of international trade?
Apakah perdagangan bebas ( free trade) benar-benar merugikan pihak
negara berkembang – khususnya Amerika Latin?
Bagaimana kebijakan ekonomi luar negeri yang ideal untuk diterapkan
oleh negara-negara Amerika Latin dalam menghadapi persaingan ekonomi
global – di tengah situasi politik internal yang kurang stabil?
Apakah penerapan Economic Statecraft hanya bisa dilakukan oleh negara
maju terhadap negara berkembang? Kenapa?
THANKS
OR