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Vision and Key Features for 5 th

Generation (5G) Cellular
fati khoutar

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 Vision and Key Features
for 5th Generation (5G) Cellular

Jan 2014

Howard Benn
Head of Standards and Industrial Affairs
Samsung R&D Institute UK
Intro to Samsung in the UK
Samsung Electronics has made the UK it’s base for European 5G research
SRUK
－ Established in 1991 in the UK, ~170 staff
－ Based in Staines upon Thames
－ Branches in Finland (newly established), Netherlands
Founding member of the 5GIC
－ UK-government backed centre for collaborative R&D in 5G, led by University of Surrey’s
Communications Research Centre (Flagship Project) Prof. Rahim Tafazolli
－ GBP 15 million UK government funding
－ GBP 20 million funding from industry
－ Samsung is a founding member
Hub for European research
－ Samsung member of Net!Works
－ Actively contributing to the Horizon 2020 program through the 5G PPP

© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 2

 5G Vision

© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 3

5G Service Vision

Wearable/Flexible Mobile Device

Ubiquitous Health Care Mobile Cloud

UHD Video Streaming Smart Map/Navigation Real-Time Interactive Game

© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 4

Mobile Traffic Explosion in Korean Market (July 2013)

Korean smartphone growth Subs Percentage

40 Mobile Subscriber 54,143,992
Smartphone Subscriber 35,946,051 66.4
sn 30 LTE Subscriber 23,993,469 44.3
oil 20
iM
Smartphone
10
LTE
0 Average data usage per subscriber
1
1 2
1 21 21 21 21 21 31 31 31
0
2 0
2 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 2.3
/2 /2 /4 /6 /8 /0 /2 /2 /4 /6
1
/1 0
/1 0/ 0/ 0/ 1/ 1/ 0/ 0/ 0/
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 2.1
0 0

ht 1.9
Total Korean mobile data
no
M/ 1.7
80 ety 1.5
ht BG
LTE
no 60 1.3 3G
m/
ety 40 1.1
ba
te 20 0.9
P
0

Note : Operators did not provide “unlimited data plan” for LTE
service until Jan 13
© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 5
5G Key Performance Targets

Providing Gigabit Experience to Users Anywhere

5G Performances
Peak Data Rate > 50 Gbps Anywhere 1 Gbps
Gbps1)1)
50 Gbps
50
50 Gbps 4G BS Locations
More than x50 over 4G
QoE
6 Gbps 2)

1 Gbps 1 Gbps1)
75 2)
384 Kbps 14 Mbps1)
2) Mbps
‘00 ‘07 ‘10 ‘18 Year
Cell Edge
1) 2) Data Rate of First Commercial Products
Theoretical Peak Data Rate

5G BS Locations
Latency < 1 msec QoE

10 ms
1 ms A Tenth of 4G Latency Uniform Experience
Regardless of Location
Latency

© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 6

 Technical Limit of Current LTE-Adv

Fundamental restriction to increase performance of current IMT

- Limit in expanding bandwidth: Carrier aggregation degrades system performance
- Limit in increasing the number of antenna

Challenges of Carrier Aggregation Impact of the number of antenna in current

Multiple simultaneous Rx/Tx Chains at MS mobile form-factor
Switch loss (1dB per switch) 1.56 bps/Hz 6.27 bps/Hz 9.43 bps/Hz
Power amplifier & antenna inefficiency (2 Antenna) (32Antenna) (64 Antenna)

BS antenna Avg. Edge

UE Rx throughput throughput
(H x V) (bps/Hz) (bps/Hz)
TX Structure for Inter-band CA
2Hx1V,
2 1.51 0.029
(0.5λ)
32Hx1V,
1 6.27 0.252
(0.5λ)
64Hx1V,
1 9.43 0.446
(0.5λ)
※ Practical limitation in the implementation of MIMO
- Isolation distance: 5 cm @ 3GHz
※ 3GPP TR 36.912 v.10.0.0 Figure 11.3.2-1 - Size for 32 Antenna (1 dimension): 170 cm @ 3GHz

© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 7

 5G Key Enabling Technologies

© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 8

5G Key Enabling Technologies (1/2)

Disruptive Technologies for Significant Performance Enhancement

mmWave System Tech. Adv. Small Cell

Previous
• Fixed 1 Gbps • Fixed >50 Gbps virtual cell No cell boundary
• Mobile 100 Mbps • Mobile 5 Gbps

Frequency band
Updated
4G frequencies New higher frequencies user-centric
virtual cell

Adv. Coding & Modulation Device-to-Device (D2D)

Non-orthogonal Multiple Access

Time/Frequency/Space
Orthogonal Multiple Access

Enhancing areal spectral efficiency

Time/Frequency/Space Filter-bank Multi-carrier

© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 9

5G Key Enabling Technologies (1/2)

Disruptive Technologies for Significant Performance Enhancement

mmWave System Tech. Adv. Small Cell

Previous
• Fixed 1 Gbps • Fixed >50 Gbps virtual cell No cell boundary
• Mobile 100 Mbps • Mobile 5 Gbps

Frequency band
Updated
4G frequencies New higher frequencies user-centric
virtual cell

Adv. Coding & Modulation Device-to-Device (D2D)

Non-orthogonal Multiple Access

Time/Frequency/Space
Orthogonal Multiple Access

Enhancing areal spectral efficiency

Time/Frequency/Space Filter-bank Multi-carrier

© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 10

5G Key Enabling Technologies (2/2)

Disruptive Technologies for Significant Performance Enhancement

Enhanced Flat NW IWK/Integration w/ Wi-Fi

Adv. MIMO/BF Interference Management

Half-wavelength

Large scale
Multi-antenna

Interference alignment

© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team . 11

 mmWave Channel Propagation & Measurements

© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 12

Spectrum Candidates
Candidates for Large Chunks of Contiguous Spectrum
- 13.4~14 GHz, 18.1~18.6 GHz, 27~29.5 GHz, 38~39.5 GHz, etc.

Higher Frequency Candidates

EESS MS MS MS
ITU FSS FS FS FS
RL FSS FSS FSS

27.5 29.5 31.3 33.8 38.6 40 41 42.5

26.5 29.5 31.3 33.4 40.2 42.5

13.4 14 18.1 18.6 27 29.5 38 39.5

Current Usage Current Usage

US: LMDS, FSS US: Fixed P-P system
EU: Fixed P-P link , FSS earth sta. EU: Fixed P-P link MOBILE Primary
China: Mobile, FSS Korea : None
Korea : Marine time use No MOBILE

EESS (Earth Exploration-Satellite Service) FSS (Fixed Satellite Service) RL (RadioLocation service),
MS (Mobile Service) FS (Fixed Service) P-P (Point to Point) LMDS (Local Multipoint Distribution Services)
© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team . 13
Friis’ Equation in Free Space (or why my TV aerial is big)

Measurement of Path-loss
% Same Size of Rx Aperture Captures Same Rx Power Regardless of Frequency
Distance [m]

Patch Antenna @ 3 GHz

60 mm
Path-loss Distance (m)
(dB)
60 mm

Array Antenna @ 30 GHz

60 mm
60 mm

© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team . 14

Precipitation Loss (what happens if it rains really hard)
Rain Attenuation at 28GHz is Approx. 4 dB at 200 m even in 110 mm/hr Intensity

Precipitation Loss

% 100-year recurrence 1-hour rain intensity is approx. 110 mm/hr (Seoul, Korea)
% 100-year recurrence 1-hour rain intensity is approx. 70 ~ 127 mm/hr (US Eastern)

100 Year Recurrence 1-hour Rain Intensity (US Eastern)

New York
: 69.85 mm/hr
Washington
: 76.2 mm/hr

Florida
: 127 mm/hr
[Attenuation due to Rain]
[Ref.] http://www.nws.noaa.gov/ohd/hdsc/On-line_reports/
[Ref.] M. Marcus and B. Pattan. Millimeter wave propagation: spectrum management implications. IEEE Microwave Magazine, June 2005.
© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 15
Does it go through trees
Loss in Dense Foliage Is Non-Negligible, But Other Paths Are Expected in Urban
Environments

Foliage Loss
% 28 GHz shows additional 3.3 dB loss for 2 m foliage and 8.6 dB for 10 m foliage
compared to 2.8GHz
- In urban environments, other reflection paths are highly expected from surroundings

Empirical relationship for loss :

L foliage = 0.2 f 0.3 D 0.6 dB
where
f : frequency in MHz,
D : depth of foliage transverse in meters (D < 400 m)
[Ref.] M. Marcus and B. Pattan. Millimeter wave propagation: spectrum management implications. IEEE Microwave Magazine, June 2005.

© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team . 16

Chassis / Hand / Power Absorption
Effect of Chassis/Hand/Head Could Be Compensated with Beamsteering Array
High Frequency Beamforming Reduces Power Penetration/Absorption through Skin
Chassis / Hand-held Effect Power Absorption
% Chassis/hand impact on gain and pattern % Low penetration and absorption due to
high frequency beamforming
1.9 GHz Omni-Antenna
w/o head w/ head
Bare PCB Package

% Various antenna locations and BF Penetration depth = 40~45 mm, Average = 0.29, MAX = 1 mW/g
patterns can overcome these effects 28 GHz Beamforming

① ①
①
Broadside Endfire
Beamforming Beamforming ② ② ②

① Penetration depth = 3 mm, Average = 0.15, MAX = 90 mW/g

② Penetration depth = 3 mm, Average = 0.016, MAX = 2.11 mW/g
© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 17
Channel Measurement – Sub-Urban
Similar Path-loss Exponent & Smaller Delay Spread Measured (w.r.t current cellular bands)
- Measurements were made by using horn-type antennas at 28 GHz and 38 GHz in 2011

Samsung Campus, Korea UT Austin Campus, US

LOS NLOS LOS NLOS
Path Loss Exponent 2.22 3.69 Path Loss Exponent 2.21 3.18
RMS Median 4.0 34.2 RMS Median 1.9 15.5
Delay Spread [ns] 99% 11.4 168.7 Delay Spread [ns] 99% 13.7 166

Tx (10o) Rx (60o) University of Texas at Austin, Tx (7.8o)

Rx (49o)
28 GHz TX 37.6 GHz

[Received Power]
Received power for 10->60
[Received Power]
0
LOS
n=2.22, s=4.18dB
-10
NLOS-best
n=3.69, s=3.58dB
-20 NLOS-all
n=4.20, s=7.38dB
Received power [dBm]

-30

-40

-50

-60

-70
5 1 2
10 10
Distance [m]

© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team * Reference : Prof. Ted Rappaport, UT Austin, 2011 18
Channel Measurement – Dense Urban
Slightly Higher But Comparable Path Loss Measured in New York City in 2012
• Reference : Prof. Ted Rappaport, NYU, 2012
New York, Manhattan, US - T. S. Rappaport et.al. “Millimeter Wave Mobile Communications for 5G Cellular: It Will Work!”, IEEE Access Journal, May 2013

Tx (10o) Rx (10o)
LOS NLOS
28GHz
Path Loss Exponent 1.68 4.58
Expected to be larger than the previous,
Delay Spread [ns]
But to be still smaller than current bands

[New York, Manhattan – NY University] [Path Loss]

© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 19

 mmWave BF Prototype & Test Results

© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 20

mmWave BF Prototype Overview
World’s First mmWave Mobile Technology
Carrier Frequency 27.925 GHz
- Adaptive array transceiver technology operating in the Bandwidth 500 MHz

millimeter-wave frequency bands for outdoor cellular Max. Tx Power 37 dBm

Beam width (Half Power) 10o

mmWave BF Prototype

Base Station Mobile Station

8x8 (=64) Antenna Elements

44 mm
Downlink Tx
66 mm

51 mm

Array Antenna
66 mm
Uplink Tx
Array Antenna

DM
Baseband Modem RF + Array Antenna (Diagnostic Monitor ) RF + Array Antenna Baseband Modem

© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 21

Test Results of mmWave BF Prototype

Performance Tests of mmWave OFDM Prototype

- OFDM system parameters designed for mmWave bands
- Indoor & outdoor measurements performed for data rates and transmission ranges

System Parameters & Test Results

PARAMETER VALUE PARAMETER VALUE REMARKS

1,056Mbps
Carrier Frequency 27.925 GHz Supported
528Mbps
Bandwidth 500 MHz Data Rates
264Mbps
Duplexing TDD >10 dB Tx power
Max Tx Range Up to 2km @ LoS headroom
8x8 (64 elements)
Array Antenna Size
8x4 (32 elements)
Beam-width (Half
10o
Power)
Full-HD
Channel Coding LDPC
4K UHD

Modulation QPSK / 16QAM UHD & Full-HD Video Streaming Measurements with DM

© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 22

Test Results – Range
Outdoor Line-of-Sight (LoS) Range Test
- Error free communications possible at 1.7 km LoS with > 10dB Tx power headroom
- Pencil BF both at transmitter and receiver supporting long range communications

LoS Range
Suwon Campus, Korea Base
% Support wide-range LoS coverage - 1710m LOS 측정 자료로 수정 예정
Station

16-QAM (528Mbps) : BLER 10-6

QPSK (264Mbps) : Error Free

1.7 km

Mobile
Station

BLER : Block Error Rate QPSK : Quadrature Phase Shift Keying QAM : Quadrature Amplitude
© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team
Modulation 23
Test Results – Mobility
Outdoor Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) Mobility Tests
- Adaptive Joint Beamforming & Tracking Supports 8 km/h Mobility even in NLOS

Mobility Support in NLoS

% Mobility support up to 8 km/h at outdoor

NLoS environments
16-QAM (528Mbps) : BLER 0~0.5%
QPSK (264Mbps) : Error Free
Base
Station

Mobile
Station

[ DM Screen during Mobility Test]

© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 24

Test Results – Building Penetration
Outdoor-to-Indoor Penetration Tests
- Most Signals Successfully Received at Indoor MS from Outdoor BS
- Outdoor-to-indoor penetration made through tinted glasses and doors
Outdoor to Indoor #1 Outdoor to Indoor #2

Signal measured inside office on 7th FL of R2 Signal measured inside the lobby at R4
- QPSK : BLER 0.0005~0.6% (Target : < BLER 10%) - QPSK : BLER 0.0005~0.3% (Target : < BLER 10%)

R4

MS
MS

R2

160 m

BS
BS
R1
R2

© 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research Team 25