Module 2: Becoming

a Part of the Society

Lesson 1: ENCULTURATION AND SOCIALIZATION

Lesson 2: CONFORMITY AND DEVIANCE
Lesson 3: SOCIAL GROUPS
Socialization

Socialization refers to a
lifelong social experience
by which people develop
their human potential and
learn culture.
 Three Goals of Socialization
It cultivates shared sources of meaning and
3 value.

It teaches individuals how to prepare for and

2
perform certain social roles—occupational
roles, gender roles, and the roles of institutions

1 It teaches impulse control and helps

human develop a conscience.
 Enculturation
Enculturation is the
process by which people
learn the requirements
of their surrounding
culture and acquire the
values and behaviors
appropriate or
necessary in that
culture.
Mead and the Development of the
Social Mind (Self)

I am George Herbert
Mead, American
philosopher,
sociologist, and
psychologist.
Mead’s Theory of Social ‘Self’
Stages of Self-Development

1. Imitation “Self”

2. Play

3.Games
THE
GENERALIZED
OTHER
 Identity and Identity Formation

Cultural Identity Ethnic Identity

Identity Formation
Religious
National Identity
Identity Identity formation Is the
development of an individual’s
distinct personality. Individuals
gain social identity and group
identity by social affiliations.
Norms and Values
Norm a rule that guides the behavior of members of
a society or group or the society’s standards
of acceptable behavior.

Normal the act of abiding

these rules.

Normative
- refers to what we perceive as normal, or what
we think should be normal, regardless of
whether it actually is. - refers to beliefs that are
expressed as directives or value of the
judgment.
Mores refers to norms that are widely
observed and have great moral
significance.
While Folkways refers to norms for
routine and casual interaction.
 Status and Roles

ASCRIBED ACHIEVED
STATUS STATUS
STATUS
A social position Refers to a social
Social position a person
receives at birth position that a takes on voluntarily that
live in the Kharga Oasis
or takes on person holds. Can reflects personal identity
involuntarily later be ascribed or and effort.

in life. achieved
Lesson 2: CONFORMITY AND DEVIANCE
 Deviance
Deviance refers to behaviors that
violate social norms.
Actions or behaviors that violate formal
and informal cultural norms, such as
laws or the norm that discourages
public nose-picking.
Conformity
Conformity is a type of social
influence involving a change in
belief or behavior in order to fit
in with a group.
Conformity is the anticipated
behavior to follow.
Theoretical Interpretations of Deviance
Structural Strain Theory

● A theory by Robert K. Merton.

● This theory states that social
structures may pressure citizens
to commit crimes.
● Five Types of Deviance
- Conformity
- Innovation
- Ritualism
- Retreatism
- Rebellion
Human Dignity, Rights, and the Common Good

Human Dignity Human Rights

refers to an Are rights inherent to
individual or group's all human beings,
sense of self-respect whatever our
and self-worth, nationality, place of
residence, sex,
physical and
national or ethnic
psychological origin, color, religion,
integrity and language, or any other
empowerment status.
1987 Philippine Constitution Preamble

We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the

aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and
humane society, and establish a Government that
shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote
the common good, conserve and develop our
patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our
posterity, the blessings of independence and
democracy under the rule of law and a regime of
truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and
peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
Lesson 3: Social Groups
 Social Groups
social group can be described as a collection of individuals who have regular contact and
frequent interaction, mutual influence, and common feeling of belongingness, and who work
together to achieve a common set of goals.

CATEGORIES OF SOCIAL
GROUP

PRIMARY GROUP SECONDARY GROUP

is typically a small social It has the opposite characteristics

group whose members of a primary group. They can be
share close, personal, and enduring large or small and they are mostly
relationships. There is a feeling of impersonal and usually short-term.
belongingness.
 You
Primary Group

Secondary Group
 Reference Group
are groups to which we compare ourselves. We use reference groups in
order to guide our behavior and attitudes and help us to identify social
norms.

CLASSIFICATION OF
REFERRENCE GROUP

IN GROUP OUT GROUP

 Social Aggregates
It is a collection of people who happened to be together in a particular place
but do not significantly interact or identify with one another. When individuals
aggregate physically in a given space, they do not necessarily make a social
group.
 Social Categories
People who share a common characteristic (such as gender or occupation)
but do not necessarily interact with one another.
References:
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