In partial fulfillment of the requirements in

BUILDING UTILITIES 1: PLUMBING AND SANITARY SYSTEMS

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1. OFFSET

Offset bend are used to run of conduit from one to another. An offset is normally used to bend the
conduit around an obstruction, or to relocate the conduit close to

An offset in a line of piping is a combination of elbows or bends which brings one section of pipe out of
line but into a line parallel with the other section. When two pipes are parallel to each other they are an
offset distance apart. They may both be horizontal or vertical.

2. SWEEP BEND

A sweep plumbing bend is a large radius elbow pipe fitting used in drain and vent lines.
 A. The long radius elbow refers to the outer diameter of the tube whose radius of curvature is
equal to 1.5 times, that is, R = 1.5D.

B. A short radius elbow means that its radius of curvature is equal to the outer diameter of the
tube, ie R = D. Where D is the diameter of the elbow and R is the radius of curvature.

Normal use of the length of the radius sometimes to reduce the loss of resistance or elbow wear, the
elbow with a larger bending radius will be used (in fact, it is not called elbow); when there is a limit on
the installation position, a short radius elbow will be used.

3. WYE

Connections to horizontal drain lines should be made with wye (Y) fittings. The fitting called a "Sanitary
Tee" looks like it could do the job, but it doesn't. A sanitary tee cannot be laid on its back, horizontally: It
is shaped differently than the wye and should only be aligned vertically, or it may block up.

Double wye features all hub connections and allows for a connection to be made in continuous pipeline
and branch out to different direction

4. Hub

Single hub means the pipe has one end that is plain and the other has a hub and double hub means
there are hubs on both ends.

5. Reducer

Reducer is a pipe fitting component which reduces the flow size from larger to smaller by reducing the
size of pipe. Usually there are two types of reducers that are available:

A. Concentric reducer

B. Eccentric reducer.