Teaching Science in the Intermediate Grades

(Physics, Earth and Space Science)

EED 305
Name: Shiela Mae Saladaga Tan
QUESTIONS
Group A
Decide whether these statements are true or false. Reword the false statement to make them true.
FALSE 1. The equatorial diameter of the earth is 7926 miles.
2. At a depth of 15 miles below the earth's surface, the temperature would be 240°F warmer than at the surface.
FALSE 3. The earth is gradually getting warmer.
4. The Moho theory is the best explanation of the earth's formation.
5. The velocity of earthquake waves is greatest through dense rocks.
TRUE 6. The earth is made up of three concentric layers of materials.
TRUE 7. The age of the oldest stars in our galaxy is probably more than 10 billion years.
8. Study of radioactive substances places the age of the earth at a minimum of 6 billion years.
9. Sudden breaking or slipping of rocks below the earth's surface causes earthquakes.
10. The average thickness of the crust is about 7 miles.
11. An area where earthquake waves are not easily detected is termed as shadow zone.
12. The average thickness of the mantle is about 1300 miles.
13. The pressure at the Moho is about 15,000 pounds per square inch.
14. The core probably consists of two layers.
15. The mantle is believed to be in a liquid state.
16. Earth has the smallest percentage of free oxygen of all the planets.
17. You would weigh less at the equator than at the north pole.
18. The crust is the thinnest under the oceans.
19. A cubic foot of the core would weigh more than a cubic foot of the crust.
20. Since the interior of the earth was molten, it has lost much of it's heat.

Group B
1. What would be the probable effect on the earth's equatorial diameter as the speed of rotation increased?
2. Draw and label a diagram to show the different layers of the earth.
3. Explain why the age of the earth is probably not more than 10 billion years.
4. How is the earth unique among the other planets?
5. What is the approximate diameter of the core of the earth?
6. Why is the age of the earth as determined from radioactive substances probably less than the true age?
7. Why are continents not considered part of the original crust?
8. At sea level the boiling point of water is 212°F. If the surface temperature is 80°F, what depth below the
earth's surface would water boil? (Disregard the increase in pressure)
9. Why is the earth's crust getting warmer?
10. Why may matter have different properties in the mantle and the core?
11. Account for the different rates of subsurface temperature increases.
12. Why do the upper layers of the earth received little heat from the interior?
13. Explain why Eratosthenes' method for measuring the earth's circumference was based on the angle of the sun's
rays only on June 21.
14. Why does Jupiter have a more irregular shape than does Earth?
15. How does the slight per shape of the earth indicate that the mantle must be rigid?

VOCABULARY REVIEW
Match the phrase in the left column with the correct word or phrase in the right column.
1. Instrument used to determine latitude a. latitude
2. North-south lines on the earth b. inertial guidance
3. Navigation by astronomy c. chronometer
4. Method of navigating rockets and missiles d. meridians
5. Correction for computing true north e. great circle
6. Distance north or south of the equator f. longitude
7. 0° longitude g. nautical mile
8. Instrument used to determine longitude h. parallel of latitude
9. Distance east or west of the prime meridian i. prime meridian
10. East-west circle around the earth j. magnetic declination
11. Shorter distance between two points along the k. celestial navigation
earth's surface
l. sextant

QUESTIONS
Group A
Select the best term to complete the following statements:
1. Latitude is measured from (a) the prime meridian (b) the north pole (c) the equator (d) Greenwich, England.
2. One degree of latitude equals about (a) 7 miles (b) 15 miles (c) 69 miles (d) 108 miles.
3. The maximum longitude for any place on the earth's surface is (a) 15° (b) 90° (c) 180° (d) 360°.
4. Philadelphia is about 40° north of the equator. The distance in meridian from the equator to Philadelphia is
approximately (a) 2140 (b) 2360 (c) 3290 (d) 2760.
5. What is the longitude of a ship when the local time is noon and the time in Greenwich,. England, is 4 P.M.? (a)
15°W (b) 45°E (c) 60° W (d). 30°E.
6. A degree of latitude is approximately equal to the same number of miles as a degree of longitude (a) at the
equator (b) nowhere on earth (c) at the poles (d) midway between the equator and prime meridian.
7. The longitude of New Orleans is approximately 90° (a) N (b) S (c) E (d) W.
8. Which of the following is part of a great circle? (a) Arctic Circle (b) prime meridian (c) 45th parallel (d) polar
axis.
9. If the date in New York City is January 5 and the time is 11 P.M., the date in Greenwich is (a) January 4 (b)
January 5 (c) January 6 (d) January 7.
10. When his airplane is flying under a blanket of clouds the navigator can not use (a) Loran (b) a gyrocompass
(c) celestial navigation (d) dead reckoning.
11. A primitive system of latitude and longitude was first introduced by the (a) Greeks (b) Chinese (c) Romans
(d) Egyptians.
12. The rotation of the earth establishes the position of (a) New York City (b) the north and south poles (c) the
oceans (d) the continents.
13. The star that is nearly over the north pole is (a) Polaris (b) the sun (c) Alpha Centauri (d) Andromeda.
14. As you move north or south from the equator, the parallels (a) increase in diameter (b) decrease in
circumference (c) show no change in either circumference or diameter (d) increase in both diameter and
circumference.

Group B
1. Could Polaris be seen from a point south of the equator? Give the reasons for your answer.
2. What are the advantages of an inertial guidance system in rockets and missiles?
3. What would be the latitude and longitude where the prime meridian crosses the equator? at the north pole? at
the south pole?
4. Explain how and why Polaris is used to determine latitude.
5. What is meant by a magnetic variation of 12°E?
6. How does the rotation of the earth make possible the establishment of reference points for direction?
7. Why is knowledge of latitude and longitude more important to a ship's captain than to a bus driver?
8. Where was the prime meridian established? Explain why it was needed.
9. Give some possible causes of the Earth's magnetic field.
10. Discuss the problems that might arise if each country ran the prime meridian through its capital for the
purpose of making maps.
11. Explain why a magnetic compass does not point toward the true North Pole.
12. Why is the rotation of the earth on its axis associated with its magnetic field?
13. How is the Van Allen radiation belt related to the earth's magnetism?

VOCABULARY REVIEW
Match the phrase in the right column with the correct word or phrase in the left column.
 1. 23½° south latitude a. Julian calendar
2. Velocity of the earth's revolution decreases b. apparent solar time
3. 180th meridian c. aphelion
4. Uses stars as reference points d. international date line
5. Parallel in the northern hemisphere e. Tropic of Cancer
6. June 21 f. Gregorian calendar
7. Measured with a sundial g. tropical year
8. Type of almanac h. summer solstice
9. Difference that is never greater than 16 i. time zone
minutes
j. Tropic of Capricorn
10. Calendar presently in use
k. sidereal year
11. Width 15°
l. ephemeris
12. Interval between two consecutive vernal
equinoxes m. equation of time

QUESTIONS
Group A
Decide whether these statements are true or false. Reword the false statement to make them true.
1. A person driving from Washington, D.C., to Los Angeles would move his watch ahead each time he entered a
new zone.
2. The sun's apparent movement is from east to west.
3. According to the Gregorian calendar, the year 2700 will be a leap year.
4. As the sun sets in San Francisco, it is also setting in New York.
5. A year is actually about 364 days.
6. The equation of time is sometimes greater than 24 hours.
7. The time interval from one new moon to the next moon is 27 days.
8. Day and night are equal in length, everywhere on earth, on March 21 and June 21.
9. The sun's rays are never exactly vertical in Ohio.
10. Equinoxes occur around September 21 and June 21.