Monosaccharides may exist as a linear chain or as ring-shaped molecules; in aqueous solutions,

they are usually found in the ring form

he preferred structural form of many monosaccharides may be that of a cyclic hemiacetal. Five and
six-membered rings are favored over other ring sizes because of their low angle and eclipsing strain.
Cyclic structures of this kind are termed furanose (five-membered) or pyranose (six-membered),
reflecting the ring size relationship to the common heterocyclic compounds furan and pyran shown
on the right. Ribose, an important aldopentose, commonly adopts a furanose structure, as shown in
the following illustration. By convention for the D-family, the five-membered furanose ring is drawn in
an edgewise projection with the ring oxygen positioned away from the viewer.

Monosaccharides that contain five or more carbons atoms form cyclic structures in aqueous

solution. Two cyclic stereoisomers can form from each straight-chain monosaccharide; these
are known as anomers

he plasma membrane creates a specialized FLUID that looks like a MOSAIC.

Formation of cyclic structure is result of a reaction between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones to form
derivatives called hemiacetal or hemiketals. The ring structure of monosaccharide are either similar to
pyran (a six membered ring) or furan (a five membered ring). In linear form of monosaccharide, which is
in equilibrium with the cyclic forms, the anomeric carbon is easily oxidised, making the sugar a reducing
sugar

Monosaccharides may exist as straight-chain (acyclic) molecules or as rings

(cyclic). The ketone or aldehyde group of a straight molecule can reversibly react
with a hydroxyl group on another carbon to form a heterocyclic ring. In the ring,
an oxygen atom bridges two carbon atoms. Rings made of five atoms are called
furanose sugars, while those consisting of six atoms are the pyranose form. In
nature, the straight-chain, furanose, and pyranose forms exist in equilibrium.
Calling a molecule "glucose" could refer to straight-chain glucose, glucofuranose,
glucopyranose, or a mixture of the forms.

onosaccharides that contain five or more carbons atoms form cyclic structures in
aqueous solution. 

Monosaccharides of five or more carbons atoms readily form cyclic structures when the carbonyl
carbon atom reacts with an OH group on a carbon atom three or four carbon atoms distant
Because the phospholipids that form the cell membrane are a fluid substance, the membrane is also
considered a fluid structure (similar to oil floating on the surface of water).
Enter
Its often referred to as a fluid mosaic because it contains many different types of molecules that float
along the lipids because the cell membrane contains many different types of molecules.
Enter
The cyclic form of a monosaccharide is characterized by a hemiacetal group formed by the reaction
of one of the hydroxyl groups with the C-1 aldehyde or ketone.
Enter
For many monosaccharides (including glucose), the cyclic forms predominate, in the solid state and
in solutions, and therefore the same name commonly is used for the open- and closed-chain isomers.
Thus, for example, the term "glucose" may signify glucofuranose, glucopyranose, the open-chain
form, or a mixture of the three.
Enter
The cyclic structure is produced as a result of an intermolecular reaction between the carbonyl group
and the hydroxyl group. The different arrangements of functional groups of carbohydrate molecules
cause a shift in its many properties including mutarotation. So, it’s become essential to learn about
these different arrangements and assigned terms to avoid any confusion.
Enter
he two different cyclic hemiacetal forms of sugars establish a state of equilibrium with the linear
form. It means that even if a compound is 100% pure (containing only one form when it’s dissolved
in water), it undergoes the equilibrium state with its linear pattern