• Show up on time

• You may not only disrupt the session by logging

late, but you may miss important information
• Do not close the session, switch off your camera
or log out during the session
• Stay in a quiet place where others will not
disturb you
• Participants will be mutes for voice hearing
during the presentation
PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING
• Wait for your turn in a live so you can se who
has question
• Wait for instructor to acknowledge you before
speaking
• Ask question concisely
• Post question in the chat box in your classroom
• Your instructor shall read the questions

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

At the end of the session, trainees will be able to:
- Explain the shipboard emergency procedures
- Explain how to make full use of the resources available
onboard
- Describe the procedure to respond to emergencies
- Discuss how to control passengers and other personnel
during emergency situations
- Establish and maintain effective communications

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING
•The training is part of the
mandatory requirements for
the training and qualification
of masters, officers, ratings
and other personnel on
passenger ships as stated in
STCW regulation V/2,
paragraph 6, and paragraph
2 of section A-V/2 of the
STCW Code.

•IMO model course 1.42

(2018 Edition)

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT TRAINING

• The International Convention on Standards of
Training Certification and Watchkeeping for
Seafarers, 1978, was adopted by IMO in 1978.
• Entered into force in 1984
• Ratified in 1992 by most governments (Flags).
• A revised convention was signed in April 1995.
The revision was called STCW 95.
• Further amended as STCW 2010 Manila
Convention

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT TRAINING

• Solas (Safety of Life at Sea
• MARPOL 73/78
• STCW ’78 as amended
• MLC 2006

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT TRAINING

• Ensure that seafarers are certificated according to
assigned duties
• Company partnership with the officers
• Maintain records of seafarer's experience
• Provide shipboard familiarization for personnel

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT TRAINING

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING
• Identification of decks
• Deck number
• Deck name
• Deck color
• Division into zones

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

• Restrictions due to ship design
• Charting of restrictions
• Evacuation restraints
• Transfer of people to/from a local
station
• Operational deviations
- at anchor
- tendering operations
- embarkation/disembarkation
operations
- crew ashore/on board

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

• Safety legislation codes and
regulations

- Company fleet regulation

- Ships specific procedures
- Cargo securing manual
- ISM Code
- IMDG Code
- Codes of Safe Working Practices
- National regulations

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Types of emergency

- Structural failure
- Machinery failure
- Collision
- Grounding/stranding
- Bomb threats
- Pollution

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Two Elements of Safety

Prevention
all actions taken to prevent unwanted
situations to develop

Preparedness
all preventive and damage
minimizing actions

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

 Life Saving Appliance Plan & Escape Route Plan

- Shows the locations and the

types of the various life-
saving appliances board

- Outlines the recommended

escape routes and
emergency exits

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Fire Control Plan
Shows the locations, types and the technical
arrangements of the various fire fighting equipment
available Onboard.

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Crew Muster List and the Crew
Emergency Plan
• meaning of different alarm signals
• assignments of :
- crew emergency numbers
- location of emergency stations
- emergency duties
- allocated survival craft stations

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Escape Routes primary and secondary

• cabin to muster station

• work place to muster station
• muster station to survival craft station

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

 COMMAND
CENTER Medical
Team
Engine
Control Crew w/No Safety
Team Assignment
On-Scene
Damage Commander Evacuation
Control Control
Team Team
Fire
Pax Muster Teams Wheelchair Zone/ Section
Stations Pax Assistance Leaders
Survival Craft Lifeboat/raft FSD Guards, WTD Guards, Open Decks,
Leaders/Crew Prep. Teams Public Rooms, Stairway Guides,
Passenger & Crew Cabins.

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Samples of emergency codes onboard passenger ships

CODE ALPHA Medical Emergency

CODE BRAVO Fire
CODE DELTA Damage to Hull
CODE OSCAR Man Overboard
CODE PAPA Pollution (Oil Spill)

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

PAGING CODES
Code ALPHA - Medical Emergency Response Team
Code SIERRA - Oil Spill Response Team
Code OSCAR - Man overboard Rescue Team
Code PAPA - Bomb and/or Stowaway Search
Team
Code BRAVO - Fire and Damage Control Team

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Emergency Alarm Signals

 General emergency alarm signal

7 or more short blasts + 1 long blast
on the ship's alarm signal

 Lifeboat embarkation signal 1

long tone on the ship’s alarm signal

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Emergency Alarm Signals
 Abandon ship signal. Verbal
order from the Captain, speaking
“ABANDONSHIP”
 Man overboard signal
3 long blasts.
 Abandon machinery alarm / CO2
release alarm - Continuing ringing
of siren with flashing red signal light

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Phases of an emergency

• Warning/Alarm - paging codes

• Evacuation - emergency signal
• Abandonship - captain's order

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

• Checklists available to ensure that
the correct procedures are
followed
• Emergency power supplies
• Ballasting and de-ballasting
• Emergency repair equipment
• Communications for assistance

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

• Breathing apparatus procedures
• Containment of smoke or
extraction activated
• Search procedures for suspicious
packages
• Location of pollution prevention
equipment
• Procedures for notifying port or
nearest coastal authorities

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

THE IMPORTANCE OF DRILLS AND TRAINING

• Pre-planning, training and drills will

contribute to:
- Higher degree of rescue and
survival capability.
- Enhanced rescue capability of
rescue personnel.
- Protection against consequential
damage

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

 Need to pre-plan drills for shipboard
emergencies
- National and international
requirement for shipboard
emergency procedures
- Crew members assigned and
familiar with emergency duties
- Muster of passengers
- Safety brief

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

- Familiarity with all life saving
equipment
- Scenarios with specific objectives
to achieve
- A conditioned response to pre-set
emergencies will often lead to a
rapid successful conclusion

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

- Immediately go to emergency
stations so that missing persons can
be identified
- Frequent drills will lead to correct
procedures being followed
- Be prepared to take charge if the
leader is missing

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Pre-planning, Training and Drills

• BRIEFING
- Scenario
- Equipment to be used
- Personnel responsibilities
- Particular safety precaution
to be observed

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Pre-planning, Training and Drills
• DE-BRIEFING
- Team affair
- Cover positive as well as negative
points
- Not blame individuals
- Be a positive learning experience
- Result in a plan for future
improvements

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING
- Equipment should be well separated
and have safe access should an
emergency occur
- Immediately move any emergency
equipment from a potentially unsafe
area
- Age and fitness may limit certain
personnel to less arduous, yet
essential positions

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

- Immediately plan ahead to obtain
assistance and back up resources from
ashore or other ships
- Carefully rotate personnel who have
strenuous task,
- Advise company who can activate
their emergency response plan
- Send further details on stability,
structural strength

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Types of Resources

1. Internal
2. External

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Three Categories of Internal
Resources
1. Technical arrangements and
systems
2. Equipment
3. Human resources

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Three Categories of Internal Resources
1. Technical arrangements and
systems
 Communication systems
 Fire Fighting systems
 Ventilation systems
 Evacuation systems
 Escape routes and
arrangements
 Passive systems
-
PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING
2. Equipment
• Communication equipment, both
mobile and stationary for internal
and external use.
• Fire fighting equipment, hoses,
foam, breathing apparatus etc.
• Life boat and raft equipment
• Survival suits, life jackets
• Pyrotechnics
• Medical equipment

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

3. Human Resources; Knowledge & skills
• Crew members
• Passengers

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Limitations on the Availability of Resources
INTERNAL

• Technical arrangements and systems

• Equipment
• Human resources

The Operational Command has to find an optimal

combination of these three categories and compensate if
one or more resources are lost

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

HOW TO DEAL WITH A SITUATION

• Step 1: Assess - What is

happening? How can influence,
limit or prevent escalation?

• Step 2: Mobilize - Which are the

relevant resources to employ and
when?

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

 HOW TO DEAL WITH A SITUATION

• Step 3: Act - Act accordingly to

plans while carrying out actions
agreed upon, utilizing resources
found most appropriate.

• Step 4: Observe - back to Step 1

Observe if actions taken has the
expected effect or if a change in the
situation requires a new or modified
action.

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

EXTERNAL RESOURCES
• Search and rescue organizations
• Shore-based fire-fighting teams
• Shore-based medical emergency
teams
• Other ships in the vicinity

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Limitations on the Availability of Resources

EXTERNAL
The availability depends on several conditions:
• Position of the ship.
• Weather conditions in the area.
• Traffic density
• Availability of emergency services personnel.

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

- Ensure that all equipment is serviced,
fully operational and readily for use
- Emergency party leaders are in place
to take charge
- Ensure that personnel are suitable for
emergency positions
- Appoint personnel best suited for the
position

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

- Ability of personnel to take over in case other team
member are incapacitated or missing i.e. liferaft
launcher is missing, factors to consider the length of
experience of the crew member who will take over
- Short term strategies in case some equipment are
not available or malfunction i.e. portable fire
extinguisher missing near the small fire area, find a
fire blanket to cover the small fire while other crew
is looking for other means

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING
ORGANIZE REALISTIC DRILLS TO
MAINTAIN A STATE OF READINESS
STEP BY STEP DRILL

• Crew members need guidance

and senior officers (Chief
officer/Chief Engineer) should
provide detailed guidance for
each step of drill. This will
provide the necessary
confidence to crew members
on how to react during real
situations..

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

ORGANIZE REALISTIC DRILLS

• Each drill should simulate reality as much as

possible. Turning off lighting or use training
smoke creates a close to reality environment.

• Injured personnel evacuation with stretcher’s use

should be part of the drill in order to provide
training on different technics (vertical transfer,
accommodation stairway use, etc.).

• An effective briefing (toolbox meeting) should be

the starting point of the drill. An effective
debriefing and a written evaluation should be final
stage of each drill.
PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING
 ORGANIZE REALISTIC DRILLS TO
MAINTAIN A STATE OF READINESS

- Place observer in strategic positions

- Ensure that all equipment is re-
stowed

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Sample of Fire Drill Checklist Onboard

Actions Phone Responsi Time

No. / ble
Email Person
1. Sound the Emergency Alarm

2. Close the watertight doors/fire

doors
3. Switch on deck lighting, if
appropriate
4. If appropriate, call MAYDAY and
contact local MRC
5. Check if there are injuries. If so,
make sick bay ready and transport
injured personnel there and start
treatment. Contact physician or
Radio Medico if necessary
6. Note vessel’s position

7. Check for damage to vessel

Sample of Fire Drill Checklist Onboard
Actions Phone Responsi Time
No. / ble
Email Person
8. Have a dedicated person to log
all events
9. Seek external emergency
response teams to assist in dealing
with emergency situation e.g. call
shore authority inform via VHF,
mobile phone, GMDSS equipment
10. All crew must proceed to their
assigned as per muster list
11. Assist passengers to bring them
to muster station
12. Search passengers in public
places and cabins
13. Update command center on
the status of passengers and status
of fire if controllable or
uncontrollable
DRILL DE-BRIEFING

• De-brief all of the crew using the observers to

comment
• Encourage the crew to discuss how the
incident developed and what actions were
taken
• Summarize the good and bad points
• Discuss incident and lessons learnt
• Use company incident reports

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN INITIAL
ASSESSMENT OF AN EMERGENCY
In case of a general alarm:

• Rush to muster station with life jacket, immersion

suit, and act according to the vessel’s Muster Lists.
• Assist passengers as required

In case of Man Overboard Signal:

• Rush to the deck and try to locate the crew

member fallen in the water
• Throw lifebuoy and inform the bridge

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN INITIAL
ASSESSMENT OF AN EMERGENCY

In case of a fire:

• Inform Officer Of The Watch.

• Check if it is a false or true alarm.
• Report back of findings.
• Raise the appropriate Code signal as soon as
possible.
• Try to extinguish fire and if it is not possible, muster
according to the Fire Muster List.

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1IKb0mmhPgs&t=19s

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

- Set an example
- Takes immediate control
- Remain calm
- Be decisive
- Be dependable

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

• Listen to information gather by
personnel already at the scene
• Assess the situation
• Allocate task
• Plan ahead for extra equipment and
personnel
• Adjust plan as required
• Establish contingency plan according
to muster list

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

- Stimulates interest
- Give support to the team
- Be enthusiastic
- Energy shown will spread to others
- Continue to give reassuring order
- Convey that a planned, effective
response is being undertaken
- Always be positive

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING
„ A mental, emotional and physical
- A mental, emotional and physical
strain caused by anxiety or
strain caused by anxiety or
overwork
overwork
„ An individual response to a given
- An individual response to a given
pressure
pressure

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

•- The
The brain
brain detects
detects aa change
change in in the
the
environment
environment which
which itit interprets
interprets asas
highly
highly threatening
threatening
•- This lead
This lead to
to flight/fight
flight/fight reaction
reaction
•- The heart
The heart beats
beats faster
faster and
and
breathing rate
breathing rate increases
increases
- People will sweat more than normal
• People will sweat more than normal

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Physical Effects

• Rapid heart rate

• Palpitations,
• Muscle tensions,
• Headaches,
• Tremors,
• Inability to relax

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Negative Feelings

• Excessive worry, fear

or terror
• Anger,
• Frustration,
• Irritability,
• Difficulty maintaining
emotional balance

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Difficulty Thinking Clearly

• Disorientation or confusion
• Difficulty solving problems
and making decisions,
• Difficulty remembering
instructions,
• Inability to see situations
clearly,
• Distortion and
misinterpretation of
comments and events
PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING
Risky Behavior
• Unnecessary risk-taking
• Failure to use personal
protective equipment
• Refusal to follow orders or
leave the scene
• Endangerment of team
members
Social Conflicts
• Hostility in social situations
• Blaming
• Failure to support team members
PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING
PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING
- Attention is focused on one area
Attention is focused on one area
•
and the overall plan is not
and the overall plan is not
considered
considered
- There is lack of concentration
• There is lack of concentration
- Over reliance on trial and error
• Over reliance on trial and error
rather than established procedures
rather than established procedures
- Constructive suggestions are
• Constructive suggestions are
ignored
ignored

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

 Reduced ability to solve complex
•
- Attention
problemsis due
focused
to a on one area
narrowing of
and the overall plan is not
attention
considered
• Consideration of fewer alternative
- There is lack of concentration
solutions
- • Over
The reliance
strain ofon trial and error
responsibility leads to
rather than established procedures
- Over delegating
- Constructive suggestions are
- Being impossible to contact
ignored
- General loss of control

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING
• Take control, show yourself as a leader
• Do not fabricate information that will
worsen the situation
• Trust the rescue operation
• Delegate tasks that are meaningful
• Establish group feeling

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING
- It takes sometime before people
accept the fact that there is an
emergency situation
- May panic and not behave with
normal level of rationality

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

• May start looking for relatives,
friends and/or their belongings.
• May seek safety in their cabins or in
other places where they think they
can escape danger
• Person will tend to think quickly for
possible escape during emergency.

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

 Studiesshow
•Studies showthat
thatatatthe
theFirst
FirstSign
Signof
anofemergency,
an emergency, the following
the following reaction
reaction
pattern pattern
could could be
be anticipated:
anticipated:
• 10% might accept the situation and
• 10%tomight
want accept theabout
do something situation
it, eg.
and want
They to do something
may choose abouta
to try to lower
it, e.g. they may chose to try to
lifeboat or roll out a fire hose to
lower a lifeboat
extinguish a fire.or roll out a fire
hose to extinguish a fire.

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

• 30% might investigate and look for
• 30% might investigate and look for
most obvious signs before accepting
most obvious signs before accepting
the situation
the situation.
60% might
•• 60% might ignore
ignore the
the situation.
situation.
Rather than
Rather than panicking,
panicking, most
most people
people
have difficulty
have difficult ininaccepting
acceptingthat
thatthere
there
is an
is an emergency
emergency.

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING
AFTER Passengers Accepted the Danger
• 10 – 30% ACTIVE Show adequate &
master the situation
• 30 – 75% PASSIVE are taken by
apathy, become paralyzed
• 1 – 3% PANIC emotionally
imbalance, hysterical

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Panic-stricken People Are:

• Credulous
• Suggestible
• Intolerant
• Impulsive
• Very unstable and inefficient in
terms of efforts and performance
• Demoralized by the atmosphere
of panic

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Factors Enhancing
Factors the
Enhancing Risk
the ofof
Risk Panic
Panic
• • Fatigue
Fatigue
• • Exhaustion
Exhaustion
• • Inadequate
Inadequateand
andpoor
poorpreparation
preparation
• • Inadequate
Inadequatetraining
training
• • Lack
Lackofofleadership
leadershipand
andinformation
information
• • Uncertainty
Uncertainty

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING
• Inaction – lack of action to the emergency
situation
• Fear–flight – it’s a built in defense mechanism
that causes psychological changes like rapid
heart rate and reduced perception of pain.
• Panic - sudden uncontrollable fear or
anxiety
• Non–panic responses – passive
• Altruism and affiliation - practice of
disinterested and selfless concern for the
well-being of others.
PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING
Why do passengers
respond in
another way than
the crew?

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

Spaces should be thoroughly search to confirm all
passengers have vacated because:

• People may panic and hide – passenger may seek safety in

their cabins or in other places where they think that they
can escape danger
• Others may return to their cabins to collect their belongings
• Some may not be physically able to evacuate the
accommodation

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

• Family entity will feel solidarity with
each other.
• Children require special attention if
separated from their families.
• Separation of families may hinder
the evacuation phase of passengers
and personnel in times of
emergency
• Passengers separated from their
families during evacuation may
induce great panic

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING

PASSENGER SHIP CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TRAINING