Grade 9 COMPENDIUM OF NOTES G9 4th Q

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
Email Address: tarlac@deped.gov.ph
REGION III
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TRIANGLE TRIGONOMETRY
NO. MELC DURATION K to 12 CG PAGE

Code NO.
1 Illustrates the six trigonometric ratios:
sine, cosine, tangent, secant, cosecant,
M9GE-IVa-1 3
and cotangent.
Week 1 to 2
2 Finds the trigonometric ratios of special
M9GE -IVb-c-1 9
angles.
3 Illustrates angles of elevation and angles
M9GE-IVd-1 13
of depression.
Week 3 to 5
4 Uses trigonometric ratios to solve real-life
M9GE-IVe-1 15
problems involving right triangles.
5 Illustrates laws of sines and cosines. M9GE-IVf-g-1 17
6 Solves problems involving oblique Week 6 to 9
M9GE-IVh-j-1 22
triangles.

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
RIGHT TRIANGLE TRIGONOMETRY
Since time immemorial, surveyors, navigators, and astronomers have used triangles to
measure distances that cannot be measured directly. Measuring directly means to use a ruler, a
meter stick, a tape measure or device to measure lengths and distances. Trigonometry, the
branch of mathematics that deals with the relations between the sides and angles of a triangles,
is so-called because it comes from two Greek words " trigonon" meaning triangle and "metron",
to measure. Thus, literally it means "measurement of triangles".
LESSON 1: ILLUSTRATING THE SIX TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS (Week 1)
Six Trigonometric Ratios
The ratios of the sides of a right triangle are called trigonometric ratios. Three common
trigonometric ratios are the sine (sin), cosine (cos), and tangent (tan) and they are referred to as
the primary trigonometric ratios. These are defined for the acute angle A of the right triangle
below:
Primary Trigonometric Ratios Secondary Trigonometric Ratios
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
sine of 𝐴 = sin 𝐴 = cosecant of 𝐴 = csc 𝐴 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
cosine of 𝐴 = cos 𝐴 = secant of 𝐴 = sec 𝐴 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
tangent of 𝐴 = tan 𝐴 = cotangent of 𝐴 = cot 𝐴 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
In these definitions, the terms opposite, adjacent, and hypotenuse refer to

the lengths of the sides of the right triangle. The secondary trigonometric ratios
are simply reciprocals of their corresponding primary trigonometric ratios.
We use special words to describe the sides of right triangles. The hypotenuse of a right
triangle is always the side opposite the right angle. It is the longest side in a right triangle.
The other two sides are called the opposite and adjacent sides. These sides are labeled
in relation to an angle.
The opposite side is the side across to the given reference angle.
The adjacent side is the non-hypotenuse side that is next to the given reference angle.

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
Putting it all together from the perspective of angle A.
And from angle B
Acronym Verbal Description Mathematical Definition

𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆
SOH Sine is Opposite over Hypotenuse sin A =
𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆
𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕
CAH Cosine is Adjacent over Hypotenuse cos A =
TOA Tangent is Opposite over Adjacent tan A =
CHO Cosecant is Hypotenuse over Opposite csc A =
𝒉𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆
SHA Secant is Hypotenuse over Adjacent sec A =
CAO Cotangent is Adjacent over Opposite cot A =
𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒕𝒆

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
Illustrative Examples:
1. In the given triangle below, find the value of sin A, cos A, tan A, csc A, sec A and cot A.
• Sine is defined as the ratio of the opposite to the hypotenuse, therefore use the acronym
SOH.
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝐵𝐶 𝟑
sin A = = = or 0.6
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐵𝐴 𝟓
• Cosine is defined as the ratio of the adjacent to the hypotenuse therefore use the acronym
CAH.
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝐴 𝟒
cos A = = = or 0.8
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐵𝐴 𝟓
• Tangent is defined as the ratio of the opposite to the adjacent therefore use the acronym
TOA.
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝐵𝐶 𝟑
tan A = = = or 0.75
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝐴 𝟒
Consequently, knowing the values of the 3 primary trigonometric ratios, it would be very
easy to find the values of the secondary functions, csc A, sec A and cot A by getting their
corresponding reciprocals. Look at the table below.
𝟑 𝟓
sin A = or 0.6 csc A = or 1.67
𝟓 𝟑
𝟒 𝟓
cos A = or 0.8 sec A = or 1.25
𝟓 𝟒
𝟑 𝟒
tan A = or 0.75 cot A = or 1.33
𝟒 𝟑

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
2. In the given triangle below, find sin B, cos B, tan B, csc B, sec B and cot B.
• Sine is defined as the ratio of the opposite to the hypotenuse, so use the acronym SOH.
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝐶𝐴 𝟓
sin B = = = or 0.38
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐵𝐴 𝟏𝟑
• Cosine is defined as the ratio of the adjacent to the hypotenuse, so use the acronym CAH.
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐵𝐶 𝟏𝟐
cos B = = = or 0.92
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐵𝐴 𝟏𝟑
• Tangent is defined as the ratio of the opposite to the adjacent, so use the acronym TOA.
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝐶𝐴 𝟓
tan B = = = or 0.42
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐵𝐶 𝟏𝟐
𝟓 𝟏𝟑
sin B = or 0.38 csc B = or 2.60
𝟏𝟑 𝟓
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟑
cos B = or 0.92 sec B = or 1.08
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟐
𝟓 𝟏𝟐
tan B = or 0.42 cot B = or 2.4
𝟏𝟐 𝟓
Illustrative Examples
Take a look at the given triangle below, in order to solve for the value of the 6
trigonometric ratios of angle 𝜃 (a representation of any angle) we need to find the value of the
missing side which is side AC, to solve for AC, use the Pythagorean theorem.
Solution:
(AB)2 = (AC)2 + (BC)2
102 = (AC)2 + 82
(AC)2 = 102 – 82
(AC)2 = 100 – 64
√(𝐴𝐶)2 = √36
AC = 𝟔
7

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
Therefore, the value of the six trigonometric functions are:

𝟖 𝟒 𝟓
sin 𝜃 = = or 0.80 csc 𝜃 = or 1.25
𝟏𝟎 𝟓 𝟒
𝟔 𝟑 𝟓
cos 𝜃 = = or 0.60 sec 𝜃 = or 1.67
𝟏𝟎 𝟓 𝟑
𝟖 𝟒 𝟑
tan 𝜃 = = or 1.33 cot 𝜃 = or 0.75
𝟔 𝟑 𝟒
Theta (θ ) is a symbol used to denote the unknown measure of an angle. It is used

mostly in displaying the trigonometric ratios of sine, cosine, and tangent.
SPEAKING MATHEMATICALLY
Given trigonometric ratio Read as
sin 𝜃 sine theta
cos 𝜃 cosine theta
tan 𝜃 tangent theta
csc 𝜃 cosecant theta
sec 𝜃 secant theta
cot 𝜃 cotangent theta
You may watch this video for more understanding.

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooDzbQOSVfQ
Reference Books: 1. Grade 9 Mathematics Pattern and Practicalities by Gladys C.

Nivera, Ph.D. and Minnie Rose C. Lapinid, Ph.D.
2. Mathematics 9 LM
Internet Sources:
1. https://www.calculator.net/scientific-calculator.html

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
LESSON 2: ILLUSTRATING THE 6 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SPECIAL ANGLES (Week 2)
The Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles
The Trigonometric Ratios of Special acute angles 30°, 45°, and 60° can be evaluated
based on our understanding of how sides and angles in the special right triangles These two
triangles are the 45° − 45° − 90° triangle and the 30° − 60° − 90° triangle.
THE SPECIAL TRIANGLES
𝟒𝟓° − 𝟒𝟓° − 𝟗𝟎° Right Triangle Theorem
In 𝟒𝟓° − 𝟒𝟓° − 𝟗𝟎° triangle (Isosceles Right Triangle), the legs are congruent; the
length of the hypotenuse is √2 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑙𝑒𝑔.
By using Pythagorean theorem, the hypotenuse is

equal to √𝟐.

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
The value of the 6 trigonometric ratios for 450 are as follows:
𝑜 1 1 √2 √2 √𝟐 ℎ √2
sin 45° = = = ∙ = = or 0.71 csc 45° = =
𝑜 1
= √𝟐 or 1.41
ℎ √2 √2 √2 √4 𝟐
𝑎 1 1 √2 √2 √𝟐 ℎ √2
cos 45° = = = ∙ = = or 0.71 sec 45° =
𝑎
=
1
= √𝟐 or 1.41
ℎ √2 √2 √2 √4 𝟐
𝑜 1 𝑎 1
tan 45°= = = 1 cot 45 = = =1
𝑎 1 𝑜 1
Illustrative Examples:
Find the length of the hypotenuse if the lengths of the sides are given.
hypotenuse = 𝒍𝒆𝒈 ∙ √𝟐 𝒓 =3√𝟐 ∙ √𝟐 = 𝟔

𝒎 = 8 √𝟐
𝟑𝟎° − 𝟔𝟎° − 𝟗𝟎° Right Triangle Theorem
In 𝟑𝟎° − 𝟔𝟎° − 𝟗𝟎° triangle, the side opposite to 30° angle is half as long as the
hypotenuse and the side opposite to 60° angle is √𝟑 times as long as the side opposite to 30°
angle.
10

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
1. Given: Shorter leg = 1, apply the Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles.
Solution:
Hypotenuse = 2∙ shorter leg
=2 ∙1
=𝟐
Longer leg = √3 ∙ shorter leg

= √𝟑 ∙ 𝟏
= √𝟑
2. Given: Shorter leg = 5
Solution:
Hypotenuse = shorter leg ∙ 2
=5 ∙2
= 𝟏𝟎
Longer leg = √3 ∙ shorter leg
= √𝟑 ∙ 𝟓
= 𝟓√𝟑
The following table summarizes the values of trigonometric ratios of the

special angles 30°, 45°, and 60° if the hypotenuse is 1.
TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SPECIAL ANGLES

𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝜽 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽
1 √3 √3 2√3
30° 2
2 √3
2 3 3
√2 √2
45° 1 √2 √2 1
2 2
√3 1 2√3 √3
60° √3 2
2 2 3 3
11

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
Using the table of values, consider the following examples.
Determine the exact value of the following expressions:
1. sin 30° + cos 60°
𝟏 𝟏
Solution: sin 30° + cos 60° = + = 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐
2. sec 30° + cot 60°

𝟐√𝟑 √𝟑 𝟑√𝟑
Solution: sec 30° + cot 60° = + = = √𝟑
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
3. sin2 30° + cos 2 45°

Solution: sin2 30° + cos 2 45° = (sin 30°)2 + (cos 45°)2
𝟐
𝟏 𝟐 √𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
= ( ) +( ) = + =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
Evaluating Trigonometric Ratios using the Scientific Calculator
12

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
You may watch this video for more understanding.

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooDzbQOSVfQ
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XkqRz1j7hU
Reference Books: 1. Grade 9 Mathematics Pattern and Practicalities by Gladys C.

Nivera, Ph.D. and Minnie Rose C. Lapinid, Ph.D.
2. Mathematics 9 LM
LESSON 3: ILLUSTRATING ANGLES OF ELEVATION AND DEPRESSION

(Week 3 to 5)
A. Angle of Elevation Definition
An angle of elevation is the angle formed

by horizontal line and a line of sight to a point
above the line.
In this illustration, AB is the horizontal
line. 𝜃 is the angle of elevation from the observer
at A to the object (airplane) at C.
B. Angle of Depression Definition

An angle of depression is the angle formed by
a horizontal line and a line of sight to a point
below the line.
In this illustration, PQ is the horizontal line. 𝜃
is the angle of depression from the observer at P
to the object (cat) at R.
13

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
1. The angle of elevation of the top of an electric post at a point 3 meters away from its
base is 65°. How high is the electric post?
(To determine the height of the electric post, we first draw the figure to visualize the
problem, as shown below).
Given: 𝜃 = 65°
adjacent side = 3 meters
Find h (opposite side).
To determine the height, we proceed as follows: Therefore, the post is

opposite side ℎ
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 = tan 65° = approximately 6.43
adjacent side 3
ℎ = 3 (tan 65°) meters tall.
ℎ = 3 (2.1445)
ℎ = 6.4335 ≈ 𝟔. 𝟒𝟑 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬
2. From the top of a 120-ft tower, an

air traffic controller observes an
airplane on the runway at an angle
of depression of 19°. How far from
the base of the tower is the
airplane?
Solution:
Let 𝑑= be the distance from the base of the tower to the airplane
Applying the theorem: alternate
interior-angles formed by parallel lines cut
by a transversal are congruent, we have
this illustration:
Given: 𝜃 = 19°
opposite side = 120 𝑓𝑡
(height of the tower)
14

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
Find d (adjacent side in the diagram).
To determine the distance, we proceed as follows:
opposite side 120

𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 = tan 19° =
adjacent side 𝑑
120
𝑑 =
tan 19°
𝑑 = 𝟑𝟒𝟖. 𝟓𝟏 𝒇𝒕
Therefore, the distance is approximately 348.51 ft.
You may watch the following videos for more understanding.

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bmU40g_mIwc
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9nmTFSrTZM
Reference Books:
1. Mathematics 9 Learner’s Material, Department of Education
2. Mathematics in the New Millenium (Trigonometry) by Acelajado, et. al
Internet Source:
1. http://jmaurerdhs.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/6/4/13640512/8-5
study_guide_(pg._35_&_36)_key.pdf
LESSON 4: USES TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS TO SOLVE REAL LIFE PROBLEMS

INVOLVING RIGHT TRIANGLES (Week 3 to 5)
The following are the steps in solving problems involving right triangles.
1. Draw a sketch of the problem/situation.

2. Label the known and unknown sides and angles.
3. Identify the applicable trigonometric ratio to be used in solving the problem.
4. Solve for the unknown and supply the proper unit to the final answer.
5. Check, if necessary.
15

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
1. A ladder 8 meters long leans against the wall of a building. If the foot of the ladder makes
an angle of 68° against the ground, how far is the base of the ladder from the wall to the
nearest meters?
Given: 𝜃 = 68°
hypotenuse= 8 meters (length of the ladder)
Asked: Find 𝑑 (adjacent side in the diagram).
Representation:
Let 𝑑 be the distance from base of the ladder to the wall
Solution:
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑑
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = cos 68° =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 8
𝑑 = 8 (cos 68°)
𝑑 = 2.9968 ≈ 𝟑 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬
Therefore, the distance is approximately 3 meters.
2. Adrian is flying a kite. He is holding the end of the string at a distance of 1.5 m above
the ground. If the string is 20 m long and makes an angle of 40° with the horizontal,
how high is the kite above the ground to the nearest hundredths?
Given: 𝜃 = 40°
hypotenuse= 20 meters (length of the
string)
Representation:
Let 𝑥 = the distance of the kite 1.5 meters
above the ground
ℎ =height of the kite above the
ground
Asked: Find 𝒙 (opposite side in the
diagram) and h (height above the ground).
Solution:
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = sin 40° =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 20
𝑥 = 20 (sin 40°)
𝑥 = 12.86 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
16

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
Solving for h:
ℎ = 𝑥 + 1.5 Therefore, the kite is approximately 14.36 meters
ℎ = 12.86 + 1.5 above the ground.
ℎ = 14.36 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬
You may watch this video for more understanding:

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RnqQWs4P20U
Reference Book: 1. Mathematics 9 Learner’s Material, Department of Education
LESSON 5: ILLUSTRATES LAWS OF SINES AND COSINES (Week 6-9)
Oblique Triangles
An oblique triangle is a triangle with no right angle. It can be an acute triangle, which is a
triangle with all its angles are acute, or an obtuse triangle, which is a triangle with an obtuse angle.
Right Triangle Oblique Triangles
Note: The six trigonometric ratios and Pythagorean theorem are not applicable to oblique
triangles. Thus, the Law of Sines and Law of Cosines will be used.
17

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
LAW OF SINES
If ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 has sides a, b, c as shown, then
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= =
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶
Based on the law, there are two possible cases in which the Law of Sines is appropriate to use.
CASE 1: Two angles and any side (AAS)/(ASA)
Illustrative Example
In 𝛥𝐴𝐵𝐶, If 𝐶 = 96°, 𝐵 = 34° and
𝑏 = 15 𝑐𝑚. Find ∠𝐴, 𝑎 and 𝑐.
Solution:
1. The sum of the measures of the interior angles

of a triangle is equal to 180°. b=
𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝐵 + 𝑚∠𝐶 = 180°
𝑚∠𝐴 + 34° + 96° = 180
𝑚∠𝐴 = 180° − 34° − 96°
𝒎∠𝑨 = 𝟓𝟎°
2. Find the sides using the law of sine.
Solving for 𝑎: Solving for 𝑐:
𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑐
= =
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶
𝑎 15 15 𝑐 Substitution
= =
sin 50° sin 34° sin 34° sin 96°
𝑎 (sin 34°) = 15(sin 50°) 𝑐 (sin 34°) = 15(sin 96°) Cross Multiplication
15(sin 50°) 15(sin 96°) Express in terms of the

𝑎= 𝑐=
sin 34 ° sin 34 ° desired variable
𝑎 = 20.55 cm 𝑐 = 26.68 cm Evaluate using a calculator
18

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
CASE 2: Two sides and a non-included angle (SSA)
In 𝛥𝐴𝐵𝐶, If 𝑚∠𝐶 = 122°, 𝑎 = 12 cm,
and 𝑐 = 18 cm, find ∠𝐴, ∠𝐵 and 𝑏.
Solutions:
Solving for 𝒎∠𝑨: Solving for 𝒎∠𝑩: Solving for 𝒃:
𝑎 𝑐 𝑚∠𝐵 = 180° − 𝑚∠𝐶 𝑏 𝑐

= =
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐶 − 𝑚∠𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶
= 180° − 122° −
34° 25′
12 18 𝒎∠𝑩 = 𝟐𝟑° 𝟑𝟓′ 𝑏 18
= =
sin 𝐴 sin 122° sin 23° 35′ sin 122°
18 (sin 𝐴) = 12(sin 122°) 𝑏 (sin 122°) = 18(sin 23° 35′ )
12(sin 122°) 18(sin 23° 35′ )

sin 𝐴 = 𝑏=
18 sin 122°
sin 𝐴 = 0.5654 𝒃 = 𝟖. 𝟒𝟗 cm
To find A press shift sin to

get its inverse function:
𝐴 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (0.5654)
To get the final answer,

press °’” in your scientific
calculator…
𝑨 = 𝟑𝟒° 𝟐𝟓′
19

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
LAW OF COSINES
I If ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 has sides a, b, c as shown, then:
𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐 cos 𝐴
𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑐 cos 𝐵
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 cos 𝐶
Note: Remember to follow the PEMDAS rule when solving using the cosine law.
CASE 1: Two sides and the included angle (SAS)
Given 𝛥𝑋𝑌𝑍 with 𝑥 = 15, 𝑧 = 12, and 𝑌 = 41°.
Find 𝑦, ∠𝑋 and ∠𝑍.
Solution:
Solving for 𝑦:
𝑦 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑧 2 − 2𝑥𝑧 cos 𝑌
𝑦 2 = 152 + 122 − 2(15)(12) cos 41° Substitution
𝑦 2 = 97.304 Simplify
𝑦 = √97.304 Take the square root
𝑦 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟔
Now that the three sides and one angle are defined, the remaining two angles can be solved
using the law of sine, or the law of cosine. In this case, the cosine law will be used.
Solving for 𝑚∠𝑋:
𝑥 2 = 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 2𝑦𝑧 cos 𝑋
152 = 9.862 + 122 − 2(9.86)(12) cos 𝑋
225 = 97.2196 + 144 − 236.64 cos 𝑋
236.64 cos 𝑋 = 97.2196 + 144 − 225
236.64 cos 𝑋 = 16.2196
16.2196
cos 𝑋 =
236.64
cos 𝑋 = 0.06854
𝑋 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (0.06854)
∠𝑋 = 𝟖𝟔° 𝟒′
20

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
Solving for 𝑚∠𝑍:
𝑚∠𝑍 = 180 − 41 − 86°4′ = 𝟓𝟐° 𝟓𝟔′
CASE 2: Three sides (SSS)
Solve ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 with 𝑎 = 5 cm, 𝑏 = 7 cm, 𝑐 = 3 cm
Solution:
Determine one of the angles through cosine law. In this case, angle B will be determined first.
𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 −𝑏2
cos 𝐵 = This equation was derived from Cosine Law.
2𝑎𝑐
52 + 32 −72
cos 𝐵 =
2(5)(3)
𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑐 cos 𝐵
cos 𝐵 = −0.5 2𝑎𝑐 cos 𝐵 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑏 2

𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (−0.5) = 𝟏𝟐𝟎°
𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑏 2
cos 𝐵 =
2𝑎𝑐
Solving for 𝑚∠𝐴:
𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 −𝑎2
cos 𝐴 =
2𝑏𝑐
72 + 32 −52
cos 𝐴 =
2(7)(3)
𝐴 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (0.7857) = 𝟑𝟖° 𝟏𝟐′

Solving for 𝑚∠𝐶:
𝑚∠𝐶 ≈ 180 − 120 − 38° 12′ = 𝟐𝟏°𝟒𝟖′
21

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
Given Begin by Using

Two angles and any side
Law of Sines
Solving an Two sides and a non-included angle
Oblique Triangle Two sides and their included angle
Law of Cosines
Three sides
LESSON 6 SOLVING PROBLEMS INVOLVING OBLIQUE TRIANGLES (Week 6-9)
The following are the steps in solving problems involving right triangles.
1. Draw a sketch of the problem/situation.

2. Label the known and unknown sides and angles.
3. Based on the given, identify which law is applicable to be used in solving the problem.
4. Solve for the unknown and supply the proper unit to the final answer.
5. Check, if necessary.
1. Two lighthouses 𝐴 and 𝐵 are known to be exactly 20 𝑘𝑚 apart on a north-south line.
The ship’s captain at 𝑆 measures ∠𝑆 to be 33 °. The radio operator at 𝐵 measures ∠𝐵
to be 52°. Find the distance of the ship to each lighthouse.
Solution:
Since two angles and a side were given, Law of Sines will be used.
22

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
Given: 𝑚∠𝑆 = 33°, 𝑚∠𝐵 = 52°, 𝑠 = 20. Find 𝑎 and 𝑏.
Solving for 𝒃: Solving for 𝒎∠𝑨: Solving for 𝒂:
𝑠 𝑏 𝑚∠𝐴 = 180° − 𝑚∠𝑆 − 𝑚∠𝐵 𝑎 𝑠

= =
sin 𝑆 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐴 sin 𝑆
= 180° − 33° − 52°
20 𝑏 𝒎∠𝑨 = 𝟗𝟓° 𝑎 20
= =
sin 33° sin 52° sin 95° sin 33°
𝑏 (sin 33°) = 20(sin 52°) Finding the measure of ∠𝑨 is 𝑎 (sin 33°) = 20(sin 95°)
necessary to find the length of
20(sin 52°) 𝑎 using the Law of Sines. 20(sin 95)
𝑏= 𝑎=
sin 33 ° sin 33
𝒃 = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟗𝟒 km 𝒂 = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟓𝟖 km
Therefore, the distance of the ship to lighthouse A is about 36.58 𝑘𝑚 while its distance to
lighthouse B is 28.94 km
2. Suppose a boat leaves the port, travels 10 km, turns 20 degrees (as shown in the
diagram), and travels another 8 km. How far is the boat from the port?
SOLUTION
The boat turned 20°, the obtuse angle (∠𝐵) is the supplementary angle. The measure
of ∠𝐵 = 180° − 20° = 𝟏𝟔𝟎°.
23

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
Since two sides and an included angle are given, the Law of Cosines will be used.
Given: 𝑚∠𝐵 = 160°, 𝑎 = 8, 𝑐 = 10. Find 𝑏.
Solving for 𝑏:
𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑐 cos 𝐵
𝑏 2 = 82 + 102 − 2(8)(10) cos 160°
𝑏 2 = 64 + 100 − 160 cos 160°
𝑏 2 = 314.35
𝑏 = √314.35 Therefore, the boat is about 17.73
𝒃 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟕𝟑 km km away from the port.
3. To determine the distance across a lake AB, a surveyor goes to point C where he can
measure the distance from C to A and from C to B as well as the angle ∠C. If AC is 185
feet and BC is 168 feet and ∠C = 32°, find the distance AB across the lake.
Given: b=185 ft, a=168ft and C=32°
Solution: 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 cos 𝐶
𝑐 2 = 1682 + 1852 − 2(168)(185) cos 32 °
𝑐 = √1852 + 1682 − 2(168)(185) cos 32 °
𝒄 = 98.66 ft.
24

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374
REGION III
You may watch this video for more understanding:

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fuijEFj1Vn4
Reference Books:
1. Mathematics 9 Learner’s Material, Department of Education
2. Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry and Statistics by Orines et. Al
3. New High School Mathematics published by DIWA Publishing Inc.
4. Smart Math 9 by Torio et.al
Internet Sources:
1.https://www.houstonisd.org/cms/lib2/TX01001591/Centricity/Domain/2102
6/PreCalc_Unit_6_Soln.pdf
2.http://www.phschool.com/atschool/ap_misc/dwfk_precalc/pdfs/8e/Ch5_Sec
tion5.pdf
3. https://resources.saylor.org/wwwresources/archived/site/wp-
content/uploads/2011/11/MA003-4.1.pdf
APPROVAL SHEET
CONTENT WRITERS:
CESAR B. AGUAYO SERWIN A. TOLENADA LUCITA E. REYES
MA. KRISTINE T. TIGLAO LYDIA L. BUSTOS RENELYN A. LLAPITAN
Reviewed by:
AUGUSTO L. BALLESTEROS DR. BOBBY P. CAOAGDAN

EPSvr - Math Secondary EPSvr – LRMDS
Recommended by:
DR. PAULINO D. DE PANO DR. MARIA CELINA L. VEGA

Chief-Education Supervisor – CID Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
APPROVED:
RONALDO A. POZON, Ph. D., CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent
25

Telephone No.: (045) 982-0374

Grade 9 COMPENDIUM OF NOTES G9 4th Q

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Grade 9 COMPENDIUM OF NOTES G9 4th Q

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Grade 9 COMPENDIUM OF NOTES G9 4th Q

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Republic of the Philippines

Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

NO. MELC DURATION K to 12 CG PAGE

Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

RIGHT TRIANGLE TRIGONOMETRY

LESSON 1: ILLUSTRATING THE SIX TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS (Week 1)

Six Trigonometric Ratios

Primary Trigonometric Ratios Secondary Trigonometric Ratios

Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

In these definitions, the terms opposite, adjacent, and hypotenuse refer to

Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

Putting it all together from the perspective of angle A.

And from angle B

Acronym Verbal Description Mathematical Definition

Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

(AB)2 = (AC)2 + (BC)2

Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

Therefore, the value of the six trigonometric functions are:

Theta (θ ) is a symbol used to denote the unknown measure of an angle. It is used

You may watch this video for more understanding.

Reference Books: 1. Grade 9 Mathematics Pattern and Practicalities by Gladys C.

Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

LESSON 2: ILLUSTRATING THE 6 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SPECIAL ANGLES (Week 2)

The Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles

THE SPECIAL TRIANGLES

𝟒𝟓° − 𝟒𝟓° − 𝟗𝟎° Right Triangle Theorem

By using Pythagorean theorem, the hypotenuse is

Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

The value of the 6 trigonometric ratios for 450 are as follows:

hypotenuse = 𝒍𝒆𝒈 ∙ √𝟐 𝒓 =3√𝟐 ∙ √𝟐 = 𝟔

𝟑𝟎° − 𝟔𝟎° − 𝟗𝟎° Right Triangle Theorem

Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

Longer leg = √3 ∙ shorter leg

2. Given: Shorter leg = 5

Longer leg = √3 ∙ shorter leg

The following table summarizes the values of trigonometric ratios of the

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SPECIAL ANGLES

Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

Using the table of values, consider the following examples.

2. sec 30° + cot 60°

3. sin2 30° + cos 2 45°

Evaluating Trigonometric Ratios using the Scientific Calculator

Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

You may watch this video for more understanding.

Reference Books: 1. Grade 9 Mathematics Pattern and Practicalities by Gladys C.

LESSON 3: ILLUSTRATING ANGLES OF ELEVATION AND DEPRESSION

A. Angle of Elevation Definition

An angle of elevation is the angle formed

B. Angle of Depression Definition

Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

Find h (opposite side).

To determine the height, we proceed as follows: Therefore, the post is

2. From the top of a 120-ft tower, an

Address: Macabulos Drive, San Roque, Tarlac City

Find d (adjacent side in the diagram).

To determine the distance, we proceed as follows: